cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relative Diffusivities of Methane in Water and Carbon Tetrachloride

Abstract Methane diffuses in water at 25°C 3/5 as fast as it does in carbon tetrachloride. Since diffusivity depends mainly upon temperature, viscosity of the solvent, and molecular cross section of the diffusant, and since viscosities of H2O and CCl4 at 25°C are almost identical, one may infer that molecules of CH4 in H2O are not imprisoned in “icebergs,” and are retarded only by hydrogen bonds, not by encounters with “ice-like” aggregates.
Inhibition of skeletal formation in the chick embryo following administration of tetracycline.

IT has been shown that tetracyclines form complexes with metallic ions1,2, that they become incorporated into bones of young mice3, and also that they are retained in bones of several other species for a considerable period following administration4–5. We have recently demonstrated6 that tetracycline inhibits skeletal formation in the sand dollar (Echinarachnius parma) embryo. The above observations prompted us to extend our previous studies and test the effect of the administration of tetracycline on developing chick embryos with special reference to the formation of the skeleton.
The role of CT virtual endoscopy for evaluation of the airway

Abstract Emergency evaluation of airway compromise secondary to head and neck lesions has been routinely performed with a CT scan followed by fiberoptic endoscopy. Fiberoptic endoscopy requires the use of sedation, which in a patient with airway compromise may precipitate further airway obstruction. CT Virtual Endoscopy (CTVE) provides a non-invasive means of evaluating the airway while simultaneously studying the head and neck soft tissues. We performed CTVE on 37 patients with history of airway compromise. Direct axial images as well as coronal and sagittal reconstructions were obtained and evaluated. Virtual bronchoscopic images of the tracheobronchial lumen were generated, employing General Electric Navigator Software and read on a standard workstation. The airway was effectively evaluated in all patients. There were no complications during the CT examinations. The findings delineate lesions requiring immediate open intervention or can direct the safe completion of subsequent FOB. CTVE is a safe, non-invasive and cost effective means of evaluating the airways in selective cases. It offers 24-h availability, no need for sedation, and the ability to evaluate submucosal and lymph node extension of lesions.
Multiple sclerosis: presence of lymphatic capillaries and lymphoid tissue in the brain and spinal cord

Thin-walled channels resembling lymphatic capillaries and containing lymphocytes were observed in perivascular spaces throughout the central nervous system of patients with various neurological disorders. This suggests that immunological surveillance in the central nervous system may normally involve lymphocyte circulation through the perivascular compartment. In some old multiple sclerosis plaques, perivascular lymphoid tissue was found which was organized in a manner similar to the antibody-producing medullary region of lymph nodes. This may indicate continuous processing of the putative multiple sclerosis antigen in such lesions.
On the Nature of Psychodynamic Science

In a previous article (Brookes, 2003), it was suggested that a science devoted to the subjective data obtained in psychodynamic therapy would require classification of psyche, the object of study, as a hypothetical construct, a classic concept in the philosophy of psychological science. The present article argues for and outlines a necessarily new and unique scientific paradigm for psychodynamics by further suggesting (1) that positivistic science is not appropriate to the phenomenological data which psychodynamic concepts explain, (2) that retroductive inferences are preferable to inductive or deductive inferences in handling such data, (3) that the concept of meaning as scientific validation is more suitable to psychodynamic science than are the concepts of measurement and operational validation, and (4) that meaningful validation is best elaborated through the application of the concepts of erroneous meaning, of synchronicity, and of numinosity. These and other ideas are briefly described, and will be elaborated further in subsequent papers.
Relationships between Atmospheric Internal Variability and the Responses to an Extratropical SST Anomaly

Abstract The January and February responses of a GCM to an imposed extratropical Pacific SST anomaly are compared with the patterns of the model's internal variability. Relevant patterns of internal variability are diagnosed from ensembles of model control runs by regressing monthly mean geopotentials and temperatures against low-level temperatures in the vicinity of the SST anomaly and by EOF analysis. These patterns are found to play a significant role in determining the local and the remote responses to the SST anomaly. Different responses to the SST anomaly in the GCM's January and February climates are largely explained by the differences in the regression patterns and in the leading EOF. The GCM response may be considered as comprising a direct linear response to low-level heating, that is local to the forcing and baroclinic, and an eddy-forced component that closely resembles patterns of the model's internal variability—it is equivalent barotropic and extends over the entire hemisphere. The results...
Compiled instruction set simulation

SUMMARY An efficient method for simulating instruction sets is described. The method allows for compiled instruction set simulation using the macro expansion capabilities found in many languages. Additionally, we show how the semantics of the C case statement allows instruction branching to be incorporated in an efficient manner. The method is compared with conventional interpreted techniques and is shown to offer considerable performance benefits.
Implementation of a self-resetting CMOS 64-bit parallel adder with enhanced testability

This paper presents a fast, low-power, binary carry-lookahead, 64-bit dynamic parallel adder architecture for high-frequency microprocessors. The adder core is composed of evaluate circuits and feedback reset chains implemented by self-resetting CMOS (SRCMOS) circuits with enhanced testability. A new tool, SRCMOS pulse analyzer (SPA), is developed for checking dynamic circuits for proper operation and performance. The nominal propagation delay and power dissipation of the adder were measured to be 1.5 ns (at 22/spl deg/C with V/sub dd/=2.5 V) and 300 mW. The adder core size is 1.6/spl times/0.275 mm/sup 2/. The process technology used was the 0.5 /spl mu/m IBM CMOS5X technology with 0.25 /spl mu/m effective channel length and five layers of metal. The circuit techniques are easily migratable to multigigahertz microprocessor designs.
Panic following trauma: the etiology of acute posttraumatic arousal

Two studies examined the contributing factors for panic symptoms following trauma. In Study 1, survivors of sexual and nonsexual assaults (N=105) were assessed at 2 weeks postcrime. Prior trauma, psychiatric history, crime characteristics, and peritraumatic dissociation were assessed. Posttraumatic panic was modestly predicted by childhood sexual abuse (CSA) experiences, a history of Anxiety and Depression, and peritraumatic dissociation. Childhood physical abuse (CPA), Adult Victimization, crime variables, and a prior history of Substance Use disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were not implicated. In Study 2, the role of peritraumatic panic in predicting later arousal was also examined in a similar sample who were assessed within 6 weeks of their trauma (N=93). Presence of significant arousal during trauma predicted frequency of posttrauma panic attacks, but not its severity. In contrast to Study 1, prior history of PTSD, perception of life threat, and the index trauma being a sexual assault all predicted posttrauma panic, whereas prior trauma exposure and depression did not. These findings are discussed in terms of cognitive and arousal factors that may influence posttrauma panic.
Using naïve Bayesian classification as a meta-predictor to improve start codon prediction accuracy in prokaryotic organisms

Modern gene location prediction techniques are able to achieve near-perfect accuracy for prokaryotic organisms, but this reported accuracy is generally only for the stop codon locations. Accurate prediction of the start codon locations is more difficult to attain, and different approaches often produce conflicting predictions for the same gene. In this paper, we describe a new approach to resolve these conflicts and improve start codon prediction accuracy. Our approach uses a set of gene location prediction results from other popular prediction approaches to find consistently predicted gene locations. It then uses these consistent genes as a training set for a naive Bayesian classifier to improve accuracy in the ambiguous genes, those in which there are some inconsistencies in the predicted start codon location among the original predictions. The methods detailed here apply to prokaryotic organisms, using E. coli and the EcoGene Verified Set database as a case study.
Kinetics of DNA and RNA Hybridization in Serum and Serum-SDS

Cancer is recognized as a serious health challenge both in the United States and throughout the world. While early detection and diagnosis of cancer leads to decreased mortality rates, current screening methods require significant time and costly equipment. Recently, increased levels of certain micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) in the blood have been linked to the presence of cancer. While blood-based biomarkers have been used for years in cancer detection, studies analyzing trace amounts of miRNAs in blood and serum samples are just the beginning. Recent developments in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nanotechnology and DNA computing have shown that it is possible to construct nucleic-acid-based chemical networks that accept miRNAs as inputs, perform Boolean logic functions on those inputs, and generate as an output a large number of DNA strands that can be readily detected. Since miRNAs occur in blood in low abundance, these networks would allow for amplification without using polymerase chain reaction. In this study, we report initial progress in the development of a DNA-based cross-catalytic network engineered to amplify specific cancer-related miRNAs. Subcomponents of the DNA network were tested individually, and their operation in serum, as well as a mixture of serum with sodium dodecyl sulfate, is demonstrated. Preliminary simulations of the full cross-catalytic network indicate successful operation.
Structure and stability of the compressible Stuart vortex

The structure and two- and three-dimensional stability properties of a linear array of compressible Stuart vortices (CSV; Stuart 1967; Meiron et al. 2000) are investigated both analytically and numerically. The CSV is a family of steady, homentropic, two-dimensional solutions to the compressible Euler equations, parameterized by the free-stream Mach number M_∞, and the mass flux _ inside a single vortex core. Known solutions have 0 < M_∞ < 1. To investigate the normal-mode stability of the generally spatially non-uniform CSV solutions, the linear partial-differential equations describing the time evolution of small perturbations to the CSV base state are solved numerically using a normal-mode analysis in conjunction with a spectral method. The effect of increasing M_∞ on the two main classes of instabilities found by Pierrehumbert & Widnall (1982) for the incompressible limit M_∞ → 0 is studied. It is found that both two- and three-dimensional subharmonic instabilities cease to promote pairing events even at moderate M_∞. The fundamental mode becomes dominant at higher Mach numbers, although it ceases to peak strongly at a single spanwise wavenumber. We also find, over the range of e investigated, a new instability corresponding to an instability on a parallel shear layer. The significance of these instabilities to experimental observations of growth in the compressible mixing layer is discussed. In an Appendix, we study the CSV equations when e is small and M_∞ is finite using a perturbation expansion in powers of e. An eigenvalue determining the structure of the perturbed vorticity and density fields is obtained from a singular Sturm–Liouville problem for the stream-function perturbation at O(e). The resulting small-amplitude steady CSV solutions are shown to represent a bifurcation from the neutral point in the stability of a parallel shear layer with a tanh-velocity profile in a compressible inviscid perfect gas at uniform temperature.
Development and validation of the Pediatric Epilepsy Side Effects Questionnaire

Objective: To develop and validate a measure of antiepileptic drug (AED) side effects in children with a variety of seizure types, treatments, and therapy durations. Methods: Content for an initial 44-item measure was developed using the previously published Hague Scale and expert opinion from recognized pediatric epileptologists (n = 12) and caregivers of children with epilepsy (n = 21). The measure was completed by caregivers during routine clinic visits. Demographic and medical data were collected through chart reviews. Factor analysis was conducted and internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity were assessed. Results: Questionnaires were analyzed from 495 children with epilepsy (M age = 10.1 years; range 2–21 years; 42% female; 14% African American; 32% new onset vs 68% chronic epilepsy). The final questionnaire, the Pediatric Epilepsy Side Effects Questionnaire (PESQ), is a 19-item measure with 5 subscales (i.e., cognitive, motor, behavioral, general neurological, and weight) that accounts for 99% of the variance. Internal consistency coefficients and test-retest reliabilities ranged from 0.72 to 0.93 and 0.74 to 0.97, respectively. Construct validity was demonstrated by increasing side effects as the number of drugs increased. Participants on valproic acid had significantly higher scores on the Weight Scale compared to those on carbamazepine. Conclusions: The PESQ is a reliable and valid measure of AED side effects in children across the epilepsy spectrum that can be used in both clinical and research settings.
Toward Automating Work Consolidation with Performance Guarantees in Storage Clusters

With most of today's systems being highly distributed, from data centers to cloud and storage clusters, there is a prevalent need for robust methodologies for work consolidation to improve load balancing but also to optimize non-traditional performance measures. Such alternative measures may include power savings, e.g., it may be desirable to shut down a lowly utilized node by moving some or all of its work to another node. In this paper, we present a methodology for distributed work consolidation that keeps track of the workload in the various nodes of the cluster and makes intelligent decisions on how much work to move from a sender node to a receiver node in order to minimally "affect" the performance of the receiver node or alternatively limit any performance degradation due to consolidation in a controlled way. The proposed methodology is based on continuously monitoring the workload on sender and receiver nodes, collecting lightweight statistics in the form of histograms of coarse granularity, and deciding when and how to initiate the work transfer. Extensive experimentation using trace-driven simulation confirms the robustness of the methodology.
Survival of Subendocardial Purkinje Fibers after Extensive Myocardial Infarction in Dogs

Alterations in cardiac electrophysiology that accompany myocardial infarction were studied in dogs subjected to a two-stage ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery. A multipolar transmural needle electrode was used to record electrical activity from the in situ infarcted heart 24 hours after coronary occlusion. Bipolar electrograms recorded from subendocardial regions of infarcted myocardium demonstrated the persistence of early, rapid deflections suggesting Purkinje fiber activity; evidence of ventricular muscle activity in the infarct was absent in both subendocardial and intramural electrograms. The infarcted myocardium and the adjacent non-infarcted tissue were then excised and studied with intracellular microelectrodes in vitro. Transmembrane action potentials could be recorded from one or two cell layers of subendocardial Purkinje fibers at all sites within the infarcted region, but no ventricular muscle action potentials were found. Subendocardial Purkinje fibers which survived in the infarct had reduced maximum diastolic potentials, action potential amplitudes, and maximum depolarization velocities compared with normal subendocardial Purkinje fibers; also, action potential durations in these surviving fibers were extraordinarily prolonged. Spontaneous diastolic depolarization was evident in some surviving fibers. Since subendocardial Purkinje fibers that generate abnormal action potentials survive in an infarct, these fibers may participate in the genesis of ventricular arrhythmias that accompany infarction.
Micropatterned multicolor dynamically adhesive substrates to control cell adhesion and multicellular organization.

We present a novel technique to examine cell–cell interactions and directed cell migration using micropatterned substrates of three distinct regions: an adhesive region, a nonadhesive region, and a dynamically adhesive region switched by addition of a soluble factor to the medium. Combining microcontact printing with avidin–biotin capture chemistry, we pattern nonadhesive regions of avidin that become adhesive through the capture of biotinylated fibronectin. Our strategy overcomes several limitations of current two-color dynamically adhesive substrates by incorporating a third, permanently nonadhesive region. Having three spatially and functionally distinct regions allows for the realization of more complex configurations of cellular cocultures as well as intricate interface geometries between two cell populations for diverse heterotypic cell–cell interaction studies. We can now achieve spatial control over the path and direction of migration in addition to temporal control of the onset of migration, enabling studies that better recapitulate coordinated multicellular migration and organization in vitro. We confirm that cellular behavior is unaltered on captured biotinylated fibronectin as compared to printed fibronectin by examining the cells’ ability to spread, form adhesions, and migrate. We demonstrate the versatility of this approach in studies of migration and cellular cocultures, and further highlight its utility by probing Notch–Delta juxtacrine signaling at a patterned interface.
Longitudinal Genetic Analysis of Early Reading: The Western Reserve Reading Project.

We examined the genetic and environmental contribution to the stability and instability of reading outcomes in early elementary school using a sample of 283 twin pairs drawn from the Western Reserve Reading Project. Twins were assessed across two measurement occasions. In Wave 1, children were either in kindergarten or first grade. Wave 2 assessments were conducted one year later. Results suggested substantial genetic stability across measurement occasions. Additionally, shared environmental influences also accounted for stability, particularly for variables more closely tied to direct instruction such as phonological awareness, letter knowledge, and word knowledge. There was also evidence for independent genetic and shared environmental effects, suggesting that new sources of variance may emerge as the demands of school change and children begin to acquire early reading skills.
POWER TO DETECT TREND IN SHORT-TERM TIME SERIES OF BIRD ABUNDANCE

Abstract Avian point counts for population monitoring are often collected over a short timespan (e.g., 3–5 years). We examined whether power was adequate (power ≥0.80) in short-duration studies to warrant the calculation of trend estimates. We modeled power to detect trends in abundance indices of eight bird species occurring across three floodplain habitats (wet prairie, early successional forest, and mature forest) as a function of trend magnitude, sample size, and species-specific sampling and among-year variance components. Point counts (5 min) were collected from 365 locations distributed among 10 study sites along the lower Missouri River; counts were collected over the period 2002 to 2004. For all study species, power appeared adequate to detect trends in studies of short duration (three years) at a single site when exponential declines were relatively large in magnitude (more than −5% year−1) and the sample of point counts per year was ≥30. Efforts to monitor avian trends with point counts in smal...
Television use in the 21st century: An exploration of television and social television use in a multiplatform environment

Recognizing the multiplatform and individualized video viewing environment, this study conducted focus groups to delve into reasons behind the choice and use of television over other types of video platforms, and the motives for using social television. The results suggest that the focus group participants feel affection for television as a medium itself — a feeling that is independent of the content available on television. The motives for seeking social television include a sense of community, social bonding with existing networks, reinforcement of an online persona, entertainment, information sharing, social movement, self-documentation, and incentives.
Reaction F 19 ( d , p ) F 20 and the Spin of F 20

New measurements of the angular distribution of the protons from the reaction ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}(d, p){\mathrm{F}}^{20}$ made with deuterons in the range $3.5\ensuremath{\le}{E}_{d}\ensuremath{\le}4.1$ Mev show that the reaction proceeds mainly by compound-nucleus formation, and that stripping makes at most a small contribution. It follows that the interpretation of the results of an earlier experiment in terms of stripping is unjustified, hence that the spin of ${\mathrm{F}}^{20}$ is not necessarily 1. At all energies the angular distribution of protons leaving ${\mathrm{F}}^{20}$ in its first excited state shows a clear stripping curve corresponding to ${l}_{n}=2$.
Solution to the neutrino-mass problem in superstring E 6 theory

We discuss the problem of neutrino mass, which arises in the low-energy limit of superstring theories. We propose a new mechanism, where the higher-dimensional terms in the Lagrangian can generate a small mass for the physical neutrinos.
Boophilus annulatus and B. microplus: laboratory tests of insecticides.

Engorged females of the cattle tick, Boophilus annulatus (Say), and the southern cattle tick, B. microplus (Canestrini), were dipped in emulsions, suspensions, or solutions of 30 insecticides. The effect on estimated reproduction (ER. ER = g eggs/g × estimated % hatch × 20,000) was determined, and the percentage reductions in ER afforded by several concentrations of each insecticide were analyzed by the log probit method. The results were presented in terms of concentrations of insecticides affording 50% (IC50) and 90% (IC90) inhibition of reproduction. Rankings by b, IC50 and IC90 values for the 2 species showed a highly significant statistical relationship. Also, the ranking of IC50, values was significantly related to the ranking of the same treatments applied as sprays to cattle.
Temporal pattern of agonist-antagonist EMG activity during rapid limb movements in man.

Summary.-Analysis of elbow-extension movements, executed ac maximal velocity, show positive correlations of timing of agonist-antagonist EMG activity with both movement velocity and displacement. Results indirectly support the notion that the antagonist musculature provides a braking force to arrest rapid limb movements. Stetson and Bouman (3) have suggested that rapid, single-joint movements can be divided into three phases, (a) the initiation or acceleration phase, (b) the free phase, and (c) the arresting or deceleration phase. Recently, investigations have shown that during the performance of rapid limb movements, the electromyograms (EMG) of the agonist and antagonist muscles show a bi- or triphasic pattern of activation (1, 2). The initial EMG burst (EMG1) arises from the agonisc musculature and produces the impulsive force which initiates the movement (2). The second burst (EMG2) results from activation of the antagonistic musculature and is thought to provide a counteracting braking force to stop the movement (1, 2). To what extent the temporal patterning of agonist-antagonist EMG activicy is related to the kinematics of movement is not clear. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between timing of agonist-antagonist EMG activity and rapid movement displacement and velocity. Horizontal elbow-extension arm movements, executed at maximal velocity through a randomly selected range of motion (30-80" of extension), were studied in seven male subjects. EMG signals were recorded from bipolar surface electrodes placed over the triceps and biceps muscles. Limb position was monitored by a linear potentiometer situated at the elbow joint. The smoothed and averaged EMG signals, as well as the output of the potentiometer, were sampled ( 1024 Hz), digitized, and stored via microcomputer. Movements were analyzed for movement rime (MT, msec.) angular displacement (D, degrees), average velocity ( AV, degrees/sec.) , and peak velocity (PV, degrees/ sec.). The temporal relationship between EMGl and EMG2 was determined from rectified EMG data. Electromechanical delay (EMD, msec.) was calculated as the time from EMGl to the start of the movement. The agonist-antagonist interburst interval (IBI, msec.) was calculated as the time difference be
Modern Portfolio Theory with VaR Objective Functions

In the context of modern portfolio theory (MPT), the actual weights of the market portfolio and cash are determined by investor preferences for risk and return. Value at risk (VaR) models specify losses with a percent frequency. VaR models are popular because they are easy to explain and interpret. In the context of MPT, the VaR limits are used like a utility function for the investor. This paper develops closed form solutions for the investor’s ideal portfolio weights, volatility, and expected returns where the VaR limit binds.
Reformed Soteriology in Kierkegaard’s Philosophical Fragments

Johannes Climacus, pseudonymous author of Kierkegaard’s Philosophical Fragments, presents to his reader the “absolute paradox.” Though initially presented in terms of Socratic and Un-Socratic theories of knowledge, this paper argues that Climacus’ paradox is concerned with the tension between soteriological claims about human agency and divine sovereignty. Does man choose God? Or does God choose man? Though Climacus draws stark contrasts between the Socratic and the Un-Socratic, he goes to great lengths to retain them both. Through Climacus’ synthesis, Kierkegaard demonstrates his acceptance of free will and determinism as an uneasy unity—a kind of unstable equilibrium. This view of Fragments results in an emphasis on human agency that is affirmed in the broader Kierkegaardian corpus: Rather than being paralyzed by one’s inability to fathom the absolute paradox, Kierkegaard insists that one move forward in spite of the paradox, take the leap, and do Christianity.
Fifty years later: Emerging functions of IgE antibodies in host defense, immune regulation, and allergic diseases

Fifty years ago, after a long search, IgE emerged as the circulating factor responsible for triggering allergic reactions. Its extremely low concentration in plasma created significant hurdles for scientists working to reveal its identity. We now know that IgE levels are invariably increased in patients affected by atopic conditions and that IgE provides the critical link between the antigen recognition role of the adaptive immune system and the effector functions of mast cells and basophils at mucosal and cutaneous sites of environmental exposure. This review discusses the established mechanisms of action of IgE in pathologic immediate hypersensitivity, as well as its multifaceted roles in protective immunity, control of mast cell homeostasis, and its more recently revealed immunomodulatory functions.
Single-Site Glycoprotein Mutants Inhibit a Late Event in Sindbis Virus Assembly.

UNLABELLED A panel of Sindbis virus mutants that were suspected to have deficiencies in one or more aspects of their replication cycles was examined in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. These included an amino acid deletion (ΔH230) and substitution (H230A) in the Sindbis glycoprotein E1_H230 and similar mutants in E2_G209 (G209A, G209D, and ΔG209). Neither H230 mutation produced a measurable titer, but repeated passaging of the H230A mutant in BHK cells produced a second-site compensatory mutant (V231I) that partially rescued both H230 mutants. Electron micrograph (EM) images of these mutants showed assembled viral nucleocapsids but no completed, mature virions. EM of the compensatory mutant strains showed complete virus particles, but these now formed paracrystalline arrays. None of the E2_G209 substitution mutants had any effect on virus production; however, the deletion mutant (ΔG209) showed a very low titer when grown at 37°C and no titer when grown at 28°C. When the deletion mutant grown at 28°C was examined by EM, partially budded virions were observed at the cell surface. (35)S labeling of this mutant confirmed the presence of mutant virus protein in the transfected BHK cell lysate. We conclude that H230 is essential for the assembly of complete infectious Sindbis virus virions and that the presence of an amino acid at E2 position 209 is required for complete budding of Sindbis virus particles although several different amino acids can be at this location without affecting the titer. IMPORTANCE Our data show the importance of single-site mutations at E1_H230 and E2_G209 in Sindbis virus glycoproteins. These sites have been shown to affect assembly and antibody binding in previous studies. Our data indicate that mutation of one histidine residue in E1 is detrimental to the assembly of Sindbis virus particles in baby hamster kidney cells. Repeated passaging leads to a second-site substitution that partially restores the titer although EM still shows an altered phenotype. Substitutions at position G209 in E2 have no effect on titer, but deletion of this residue greatly reduces titer and again prevents assembly. When this mutant is grown at a lower temperature, virus particles bud from the host cell, but budding arrests before the progeny virus escapes. These results allow us to conclude that these sites have essential roles in assembly, and E2_G209 shows us a new viral egress phenotype.
Presence of Drug-Free Family and Friends in the Personal Social Networks of People Receiving Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder

The present study evaluated the presence of drug-free family and friends in the personal social networks of individuals seeking treatment for opioid use disorder, and the willingness of patients to bring these individuals to the treatment program to support recovery efforts. Patients at a community medication-assisted treatment program (n=355) completed a clinical survey to identify drug-free social network members. Results showed that almost all patients (98%) reported having at least one drug-free family or friend in their personal network (M=3.7), and that these network members often lived in relatively close proximity to the patient (M distance of closest member =1.8 miles). About a quarter of these individuals (26%) had a history of substance use problems, with 10% of the entire sample currently receiving treatment for a substance use problem. Rates of drug-free network members varied across several baseline characteristics. Most patients (89%) reported a willingness to invite at least one drug-free network member into treatment to support recovery efforts. Mobilizing drug-free network family and friends may provide a pathway to help individuals with substance use disorders access and benefit from community support.
Terror of Hope: the Integration of Attachment Theory and Womanist Theology

Hope functions as a potential coping mechanism for individuals who find themselves in stressful or difficult life situations, whether going through a personal grievance or experiencing the pain of systemized oppression. In recent history the study of hope in psychology and theology has grown and become prominent in each field. These forms of hope are often understood in two predominating categories, one which simplifies it to optimism or the other which relegates it to the future. The first understanding of hope, which I refer to as optimistic hope, distills hope into individualistic motivations with goal-setting for the future; individual progression. The second understanding of hope, which I refer to as eschatological hope, pushes hope to the edge of escapism into the next life. However, there is a third type which is influenced by womanist theology—complex hope. By using the work of womanist theologian A. Elaine Brown Crawford, Hope in the Holler and attachment theory, I attempt to show the potential risk and connection between optimistic hope and eschatological hope with insecure attachment types, and complex hope with secure attachment. Then by using the psychological model of self-development, I offer how one might develop mature complex hope in adolescence and adulthood. Lastly, I give a practical application of how one applies this method in their own situation, specifically as a minister or church leader.
Histiocytoses and Malignancy

Histiocytes are tissue macrophages or dendritic cells derived from the bone marrow. An abnormal proliferation of histiocytes is the defining features of the histiocytoses. Of these, the most well known is likely Langerhans cell histiocytosis, as it often presents in infancy and can mimic other more common infantile conditions such as diaper dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis. Juvenile xanthogranuloma is the most common non-Langerhan cell histiocytosis, presenting typically as an erythematous, yellow or orange papule. The other histiocytoses are quite rare. Some, such as benign cephalic histiocytosis, are predominantly seen in children, whereas others, such as xanthoma disseminatum and multicentric reticulohistiocytosis, are predominantly seen in adults.
A comprehensive review of Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum: ecology, pathology and prevention

Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum is a marine bacteria that is pathogenic to a number of aquatic organisms including several species which are important to the aquaculture industry. Organisms that are infected by V. anguillarum are diagnosed with vibriosis which can be lethal in a matter of days. Vibriosis can be particularly devastating to aquaculture businesses and measures of prevention or treatment are generally quite expensive. Efforts to understand and control V. anguillarum virulence have been of high-priority among international aquatic research studies. The knowledge that has accumulated as a result of this collective research effort is reviewed in this article.
Distributed energy and resource management for full-duplex dense small cells for 5G

We consider a multi-carrier and densely deployed small cell network, where small cells are powered by renewable energy source and operate in a full-duplex mode. We formulate an energy and traffic aware resource allocation optimization problem, where a joint design of the beamformers, power and sub-carrier allocation, and users scheduling is proposed. The problem minimizes the sum data buffer lengths of each user in the network by using the harvested energy. A practical uplink user rate-dependent decoding energy consumption is included in the total energy consumption at the small cell base stations. Hence, harvested energy is shared with both downlink and uplink users. Owing to the non-convexity of the problem, a faster convergence sub-optimal algorithm based on successive parametric convex approximation framework is proposed. The algorithm is implemented in a distributed fashion, by using the alternating direction method of multipliers, which offers not only the limited information exchange between the base stations, but also fast convergence. Numerical results advocate the redesigning of the resource allocation strategy when the energy at the base station is shared among the downlink and uplink transmissions.
Stress-gradient-induced polymer migration in Taylor–Couette flow

We apply our recent continuum theory for stress-gradient-induced migration of polymers in solution (G. Zhu et al., J. Rheol., 2016, 60, 327-343) to rotational shearing flow in the gap between concentric cylinders (the so-called Taylor-Couette flow), where we have also accounted for the effect of polymer depletion from the solid boundaries on migration patterns. The steady-state distribution of dilute solutions of polymer dumbbells, obtained both using a systematic perturbation analysis in terms of the Weissenberg number (Wi) and by solving numerically the transport problem coupled to the upper-convected Maxwell equation, shows accumulation of polymers near the inner cylinder. This accumulation becomes so strong that most polymers are driven near the inner cylinder once Wi > 4. We also show that there is no first-order contribution to the polymer migration in Taylor-Couette flow due to the absence of a velocity component in the r-direction. Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations for a Hookean dumbbell give a concentration distribution in good agreement with the theoretical predictions of our theory, confirming the accuracy of the theory when the dumbbell radius of gyration is around an order of magnitude or much smaller than the gap. The demonstration of the accuracy of our continuum theory by direct molecular simulation opens the door to application of the theory to journal bearing and other lubrication flows containing polymers that may migrate due to stress gradients.
Extreme enrichment in atmospheric 15N15N

Molecular nitrogen (N2) comprises three-quarters of Earth's atmosphere and significant portions of other planetary atmospheres. We report a 19 per mil (‰) excess of 15N15N in air relative to a random distribution of nitrogen isotopes, an enrichment that is 10 times larger than what isotopic equilibration in the atmosphere allows. Biological experiments show that the main sources and sinks of N2 yield much smaller proportions of 15N15N in N2. Electrical discharge experiments, however, establish 15N15N excesses of up to +23‰. We argue that 15N15N accumulates in the atmosphere because of gas-phase chemistry in the thermosphere (>100 km altitude) on time scales comparable to those of biological cycling. The atmospheric 15N15N excess therefore reflects a planetary-scale balance of biogeochemical and atmospheric nitrogen chemistry, one that may also exist on other planets.
A Cloud-Based Incentive Mechanism for Sensing in Mobile Sensor Networks

Due to proliferation of smart cities and other smart services, extensive data collection needs to be accomplished by mobile sensor networks MSNs. However, sensing and data collection are voluntary ...
Adiponectin, Leptin, and Insulin-Pathway Receptors as Endometrial Cancer Subtyping Markers.

Developing a system of molecular subtyping for endometrial tumors might improve insight into disease etiology and clinical prediction of patient outcomes. High body mass index (BMI) has been implicated in development of endometrial cancer through hormonal pathways and might influence tumor expression of biomarkers involved in BMI-sensitive pathways. We evaluated whether endometrial tumor expression of 7 markers from BMI-sensitive pathways of insulin resistance could effectively characterize molecular subtypes: adiponectin receptor 1, adiponectin receptor 2, leptin receptor, insulin receptor (beta subunit), insulin receptor substrate 1, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, and insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor. Using endometrial carcinoma tissue specimens from a case-only prospective sample of 360 women from the Nurses’ Health Study, we scored categorical immunohistochemical measurements of protein expression for each marker. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between endometrial cancer risk factors, especially BMI, and tumor marker expression. Proportional hazard modeling was performed to estimate associations between marker expression and time to all-cause mortality as well as time to endometrial cancer-specific mortality. No association was observed between BMI and tumor expression of any marker. No marker was associated with time to either all-cause mortality or endometrial cancer-specific mortality in models with or without standard clinical predictors of patient mortality (tumor stage, grade, and histologic type). It did not appear that any of the markers evaluated here could be used effectively to define molecular subtypes of endometrial cancer.
Democratizing & Debasing: A recent history of commercialization and political celebritization in the Czech media

This essay examines the transformation of the culture of the Czech news media in the wake of the Cold War. Existing research on transitions from statist to capitalist media models emphasizes politi...
Tensions of Data-Driven Reflection: A Case Study of Real-Time Emotional Biosensing

Biosensing displays, increasingly enrolled in emotional reflection, promise authoritative insight by presenting users' emotions as discrete categories. Rather than machines interpreting emotions, we sought to explore an alternative with emotional biosensing displays in which users formed their own interpretations and felt comfortable critiquing the display. So, we designed, implemented, and deployed, as a technology probe, an emotional biosensory display: Ripple is a shirt whose pattern changes color responding to the wearer's skin conductance, which is associated with excitement. 17 participants wore Ripple over 2 days of daily life. While some participants appreciated the 'physical connection' Ripple provided between body and emotion, for others Ripple fostered insecurities about 'how much' feeling they had. Despite our design intentions, we found participants rarely questioned the display's relation to their feelings. Using biopolitics to speculate on Ripple's surprising authority, we highlight ethical stakes of biosensory representations for sense of self and ways of feeling.
Referencing Practices in Cloud Physics

A review of the referencing practices in selected journals published in the United States, the Soviet Union, and England shows that cloud physicists rely to a great extent on material published in the native languages of the authors. This practice has persisted for more than two decades and demonstrates a degree of chauvinism not appropriate in a scientific discipline.
Tools for Scientific Thinking: Learning Physical Concepts with Real-Time Laboratory Measurement Tools

Learner-controlled explorations in the physics laboratory with easy-to-use real-time measurement tools give students immediate feed-back by presenting data graphically in a manner that can be understood. Using Microcomputer-Based Laboratory (MBL) sensors and software students can simultaneously measure and graph such physical quantities as position, velocity, acceleration, force, temperature, light intensity, sound pressure, current and potential difference. Using these MBL tools provides a mechanism for more easily altering physics pedagogy to include methods found to be effective by educational research. The ease of data collection and presentation encourage even badly prepared students to become active participants in a scientific process which often leads them to ask and answer their own questions. The general nature of the tools enable exploration to begin with the students’ direct experience of the familiar physical world rather than with specialized laboratory equipment. The real-time graphical display of actual physical measurements of dynamic systems directly couples the symbolic representation with the actual physical phenomena. Such MBL tools and carefully designed curricula based on educational research have been used to teach physics concepts to a wide range of students in universities and high schools. Data show substantial and persistent learning of basic physical concepts, not often learned in lectures, by students who use MBL tools with carefully designed auricular materials.
The Normative Crises of Families Confronting Dementia

As the number of persons with irreversible dementia continues to rise, human service professionals in community-based agencies and institutions need to be knowledgeable about the disease and its impact on families. Practitioners can assist family caregivers by anticipating their needs and helping them work through the series of crises that can be expected to develop over the course of the disease A model for understanding the major stressors experienced by caregivers is presented. Each normative crisis is described and helpful interventions are discussed.
"It's Really Overwhelming": Patient Perspectives on Care Coordination.

Purpose: Failures of care coordination among health care providers are known to lead to poorer health outcomes for patients with complex medical needs. However, there has been limited research into the perspectives of patients who receive care from a variety of health care providers. This qualitative study sought to characterize the factors leading to emergency department (ED) patient satisfaction and dissatisfaction with their care coordination. Methods: Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with 25 adult patients following ED visits about their experiences with their care coordination. All patients interviewed had 2 or more ED visits and hospitalizations in the past year and/or health providers in more than one health system. Interview transcripts were coded and analyzed following a modified grounded theory approach. Results: Four broad categories of themes emerged from the patient interviews covering the following: (1) perceptions of care coordination between their providers, (2) the role of electronic health records, (3) challenges with information exchange between health systems, and (4) sources of support for care coordination activities, emphasizing the important role of the primary care provider. Conclusions: Patients with multiple health care providers identified significant barriers to communication among providers and inadequate support with care coordination activities. Expansion of team-based models of primary care and prioritizing interoperable technology for sharing patient health information between providers will be critical to improving the patient experience and the safety of transitions of care.