cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recovery from Severe Arsenic-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy with 2,3-Dimercapto- l-propanesulphonic Acid

Case Report: A 33-year-old female with a 1.5-year history of multisystem illness was diagnosed with arsenic poisoning. Twenty-four-hour urine arsenic was 1030 μg/dL (normal 0–99) and root hair arse...
Effects of intrathecal opioid on extubation time, analgesia, and intensive care unit stay following coronary artery bypass grafting.

Abstract Study Objective: To determine if intrathecal opioid decreases time to extubation after coronary artery bypass surgery without compromising postoperative analgesia. Design: Prospective randomized trial. Setting: Veterans Affairs Hospital. Patients: 21 ASA physical status III and IV men scheduled for elective coronary bypass surgery, who had not received medications that would impair anticoagulation at the time of surgery. Interventions: Patients were randomized to receive 10 μg/kg morphine and 25 μg fentanyl intrathecally preoperatively (n = 12) or no intrathecal opioid (n = 9). The latter group received 25 to 50 μg/kg fentanyl and 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg midazolam intraoperatively, whereas the intrathecal opioid group received intravenous (IV) fentanyl and midazolam only as needed. Both groups were administered IV morphine and midazolam postoperatively as needed by intensive care unit (ICU) personnel who were blinded to the treatment group. Measurements and Main Results: For the first 24 hours postoperatively, pain levels (0 = none, to 10=most severe) and sedation levels (1 = none, to 5=unconscious) were measured hourly. The time to extubation and discharge from the ICU was recorded. ECG evidence of myocardial ischemia was noted. Pain scores were low for both groups (1.5), but the intrathecal opioid subjects exhibited less sedation than the high-dose fentanyl subjects [means ± standard deviation (SD) of 2.3 ± 0.4 vs. 2.8 ± 0.5, p = 0.03]. Extubation time was 12 hours shorter in the intrathecal opioid group (2.9 ± 5.3 vs. 14.7 ± 6.8, p = 0.001). The five subjects with a one day ICU stay were all in the intrathecal opioid group ( p = 0.04). The incidence of myocardial ischemia did not differ between the two groups. Conclusions: Intrathecal opioid can facilitate early extubation and discharge from the ICU without compromising analgesia or increasing myocardial ischemia.
Teratogenicity of sodium valproate

The teratogenicity of the widely popular antiepileptic drug (AED) and mood stabiliser sodium valproate (also known as valproate, VPA) has been evidenced by previous research; however, these findings have often been limited by a small population sample of exposed women and a retrospective study design. Many factors contribute to the teratogenicity of VPA. These include the number of drugs that are co-administered, drug dosage, differences in maternal and/or infant metabolism, the gestational age of the fetus at exposure, and hereditary susceptibility. VPA has been associated with a variety of major and minor malformations, including a 20-fold increase in neural tube defects, cleft lip and palate, cardiovascular abnormalities, genitourinary defects, developmental delay, endocrinological disorders, limb defects, and autism. It has been suggested that polytherapy treatment in epileptic pregnant women increases the risk of teratogenicity in offspring. Furthermore, there is an established relationship between VPA dose and adverse outcome. Large single doses of VPA potentially cause high peak levels in the fetal serum resulting in deleterious effects. Currently there is an increase in the number of national and international pregnancy registries being formed in an effort to better identify the teratogenic effects of AEDs. These efforts hope to enhance our understanding of AEDs and their associated risks by addressing past study limitations.
Assembly task recognition with planar, curved and mechanical contacts

The assembly-plan-from-observation (APO) method for robot programming is described. The APO method aims to build a system that has threefold capabilities. The method observes a human performing an assembly task, it understands the task based on this observation, and it generates a robot program to achieve the same task. Emphasis is placed on the main loop of the APO, which is task recognition. Using object recognition results, the task recognition module determines what kind of assembly task is performed. The method extends the task recognition module to handling curved objects and other mechanical contacts. Task models for these cases are defined. Two concepts are verified, i.e., that such task models are useful in recognizing assembly tasks, and that it is possible to generate robot motion commands for repeating the same assembly task. >
Bone Marrow Transplantation Alters the Tremor Phenotype in the Murine Model of Globoid-Cell Leukodystrophy

Tremor is a prominent phenotype of the twitcher mouse, an authentic genetic model of Globoid-Cell Leukodystrophy (GLD, Krabbe's disease). In the current study, the tremor was quantified using a force-plate actometer designed to accommodate low-weight mice. The actometer records the force oscillations caused by a mouse's movements, and the rhythmic structure of the force variations can be revealed. Results showed that twitcher mice had significantly increased power across a broad band of higher frequencies compared to wildtype mice. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT), the only available therapy for GLD, worsened the tremor in the twitcher mice and induced a measureable alteration of movement phenotype in the wildtype mice. These data highlight the damaging effects of conditioning radiation and BMT in the neonatal period. The behavioral methodology used herein provides a quantitative approach for assessing the efficacy of potential therapeutic interventions for Krabbe's disease.
Micronetworking: reliable communication on 3D integrated circuits

A model is proposed to mitigate the communication problem in 3D integrated circuits caused by the breaks at the through-silicon vias (TSVs). Using a low-complexity network, the introduction of redundant TSVs makes it possible to reroute around breaks to maintain effective communication between layers.
Protective effect of dietary long-chain n -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on bone loss in gonad-intact middle-aged male rats

This study evaluated the effect of a fat blend containing long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism in gonad-intact middle-aged male rats (12 months old, n 28). Seven rats were killed on day 0 of dietary intervention to determine the baseline BMD. The remaining rats (seven per group) were fed a diet with one of the following dietary lipid treatments (g/kg diet): 167 g safflower oil + 33 g menhaden oil (N6 + N3 diet, control), 200 g safflower oil (N6 diet, almost devoid of LC n-3 PUFA), or 190 g menhaden oil + 10 g corn oil (N3 diet, rich in LC n-3 PUFA) for 20 weeks. After 20 weeks, all dietary treatment groups had a lower BMD compared with the baseline reference. However, rats fed the N3 diet had the highest bone mineral content and cortical + subcortical BMD compared with those fed the N6 and control N6 + N3 diet. Compared with the control (N6 + N3) group, rats fed the N3 diet had higher values for serum insulin-like growth factor-I, parathyroid hormone, 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase activity, but lower bone NO production and urinary Ca, whereas rats fed the N6 diet had higher bone prostaglandin E2 production and serum pyridinoline. These findings indicate a protective action of LC n-3 PUFA on ageing-induced bone loss in gonad-intact middle-aged male rats through a modulation of local factors and systemic calcitrophic hormones.
Upper mantle shear wave velocity structure beneath the East African plateau: evidence for a deep, plateauwide low velocity anomaly

SUMMARY The shear wave velocity structure of the upper mantle beneath the East African plateau has been investigated using teleseismic surface waves recorded on new broadband seismic stations deployed in Uganda and Tanzania, as well as on previously deployed stations in Tanzania and Kenya. Rayleigh wave phase velocities at periods between 20 and 182 s, measured with a two-plane wave method, have been used to create phase velocity maps, and dispersion curves extracted from the maps have been inverted to obtain a quasi-3-D shear wave velocity model of the upper mantle. We find that phase velocities beneath the Tanzania Craton and areas directly north and west of the craton are faster, at all periods, than those beneath the Western and Eastern branches of the East African Rift System. At periods 400 K. Consequently, it is likely that the velocity reduction reflects a combination of thermal and compositional changes, and also possibly the presence of partial melt. The width and thickness of the low velocity anomaly is greater than typically expected for a plume head and is more easily attributed to an upward continuation of the lower mantle African superplume structure into the upper mantle.
Testing the Convergent Validity of Videotape Survey Administration and Phone Interviews in Contingent Valuation

ABSTRACT We tested the convergent validity of responses obtained via videotape survey administration and obtained by a phone interview using a survey booklet. The announcer on the videotape verbally presented the text and questions that were read to respondents in the phone interview. There was no statistical difference between video and phone–booklet survey response rates or reasons for refusing to pay for the program. Median willingness to pay (WTP) for the prescribed burning program using the mail booklet–phone interview was $508 per household and $583 per household from the video survey. The confidence intervals for these two estimates overlap, indicating they are not statistically different. The videotape survey offers the potential for cost savings in large samples where phone interviews would become expensive, and for valuing public programs that are too complex to realistically display with still photos and figures.
Spatial Extent, Age, and Carbon Stocks in Drained Thaw Lake Basins on the Barrow Peninsula, Alaska

Abstract Thaw lakes and drained thaw lake basins are ubiquitous on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska. Basins are wet depositional environments, ideally suited for the accumulation and preservation of organic material. Much of this soil organic carbon (SOC) is currently sequestered in the near-surface permafrost but, under a warming scenario, could become mobilized. The relative age of 77 basins on the Barrow Peninsula was estimated using the degree of plant community succession and verified by radiocarbon-dating material collected from the base of the organic layer in 21 basins. Using Landsat-7+ imagery of the region, a neural network classifying algorithm was developed from basin age-dependent spectra and texture. About 22% of the region is covered by 592 lakes (>1 ha), and at least 50% of the land surface is covered by 558 drained lake basins. Analysis of cores collected from basins indicates that (1) organic layer thickness and the degree of organic matter decomposition generally increases with basin ...
Rohner Textil Ag (D)

This series of cases (see also the A [UVA-E-0107], B [UVA-E-0108], C [UVA-E-0109], and D [UVA-E-0110] cases) takes students through five design-and-manufacturing decisions confronting Albin Kalin, managing director of Rohner Textil AG, a textiles manufacturer in northeastern Switzerland. Faced with community pressure to use quieter machinery and challenged by increasingly stricter environmental regulations, Kalin has committed himself to improving the ecological profile of the mill. He has adopted a set of rule-based design imperatives proposed by William McDonough based on McDonough's concept "waste equals food." Given these strict environmental parameters, Kalin attempts to design and manufacture a compostable fabric for DesignTex, a division of the U.S. company Steelcase. The E case discusses Kalin's efforts to account for Rohner's environmental costs in operations, product design, R&D, and risk projects.
The Determinants of Inflation in Post-War Britain: An Empirical Study

The aim of this paper is to arrive with a valid model that represents the determinants of inflation in Britain. Hence, the period from 1970 to 2003 is taken in consideration. Multiple regression analysis is used to test the hypotheses, which evokes an econometric model. Further, the significance of the included variables is tested and their economic sense is discussed. Finally, diagnostic tests performed, add towards constructing valid and representative model. As a result, convergence between the results from the empirical estimation and theory is found.
Pulsed Laser Deposition of Epitaxial Sr0.61Ba0.39Nb2O6 Thin Films for Waveguide Applications

We report the epitaxial growth of Sr0.61Ba0.39Nb2O6 (SBN) thin films on MgO substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Rutherford backscattering analysis shows that the films have stoichiometric composition, identical to the target, and thicknesses in the range 200–400 nm. X-ray diffraction 26-scans indicate layers with the (001) orientation perpendicular to the substrate plane, and phi scans on the (221) plane reveal that the films have two pairs of in-plane orientations. The orientations correspond to a rotation of the SBN unit cell relative to the MgO unit cell of ± 18.6° and ± 30.9° respectively. Waveguide characterization shows waveguides supporting up to four modes and film refractive indices which compare well with those of bulk SBN.
Changes in heat production by mature cows after changes in feeding level

We hypothesized that adaptation of heat production in the realimented cow would occur over an extended period, and the length of time would be influenced by the level of feed. Our objectives were to quantify the changes in heat production of cows after feed restriction and to quantify the effect of level of realimentation on the dynamics of heat production in lightweight cows. Forty 4-yr-old nonpregnant, nonlacting cows (4-breed composite: 1/4 Hereford, 1/4 Angus, 1/4 Red Poll, and 1/4 Pinzgauer) were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 4 levels of a common alfalfa hay source. All cows were feed-restricted [50.0 g of DM/ metabolic body size (MBS, kg of BW 0.75 ); period 1], and individual fed heat production measurements were taken 0, 7, 13, 28, 56, and 91 d after feed restriction (period 1). In period 2, cows were fed their assigned feed level for their treatment after d 91 of restriction: 50.0 (T50.0), 58.5 (T58.5), 67.0 (T67.0), and 75.5 (T75.5) g of DM/MBS. Measures were taken at 7, 13, 28, 42, 56, 91, 119, and 175 d. In period 3, all cows were fed 75.5 g of DM/MBS after their 175-d measurement, and measures were taken at 7, 14, 28, 56, and 112 d later. In period 1, heat production decreased rapidly during the first 7 d of feed restriction, and heat production continued to decrease during the 91-d restriction. Heat production increased rapidly within the first 7 d, but chronic adaptation continued for T75.5 and T67.0 cows. In period 3, heat production increased rapidly during the first 7 d. Heat production scaled for metabolic body size tended to differ among treatments (P = 0.11). Daily heat production increased by 2.5 kcal/d. These data suggest that there is not a lag in heat production during realimentation and that increased recovered energy is associated with a rapid increase in heat production.
Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Our understanding of the structure and function of the anterior cruciate ligament has progressed rapidly over the past decade. Ar- throscope-assisted anterior cruciate ligament replacement is a new procedure that allows isometric placement of the anterior cruciate ligament graft. Postoperative rehabilitation is enhanced by preservation of the extensor mechanism.
Calcium-dependent blockade of cardiac cyclic AMP accumulation by batrachotoxin and veratridine.

Batrachotoxin and veratridine are cardiotoxic alkaloids that cause a persistent activation of the fast sodium channel of excitable cells. Murine cardiac atria exposed to these toxins in vitro lose the capacity to accumulate cyclic AMP in response to isoproterenol. This effect is seen at concentrations of toxin comparable to those necessary to increase sodium permeability in other systems (10-100 nM for batrachotoxin; 20-100 µM for veratridine) and is antagonized by the specific sodium channel blocking agent, tetrodotoxin. Extracellular calcium is required for inhibition of the cyclic AMP response by batrachotoxin and veratridine. Atria exposed to these agents also undergo a marked loss of intracellular ATP and there is a concomitant decrease in GTP content. ATP depletion is also antagonized by tetrodotoxin and markedly attenuated when extracellular calcium is removed. There is a significant correlation between the intracellular ATP concentration of the atrium and the ability to accumulate cyclic AMP in response to isoproterenol which suggests a causal relationship. Other possible mechanisms for batrachotoxin and veratridine inhibition of the cyclic AMP response are considered, and the possibility that calcium affects ATP pools critical for adenylate cyclase activity is discussed.
Leaky RyR2 channels unleash a brainstem spreading depolarization mechanism of sudden cardiac death

Cardiorespiratory failure is the most common cause of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Genetic autopsies have detected "leaky" gain-of-function mutations in the ryanodine receptor-2 (RyR2) gene in both SUDEP and sudden cardiac death cases linked to catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that feature lethal cardiac arrhythmias without structural abnormality. Here we find that a human leaky RyR2 mutation, R176Q (RQ), alters neurotransmitter release probability in mice and significantly lowers the threshold for spreading depolarization (SD) in dorsal medulla, leading to cardiorespiratory collapse. Rare episodes of sinus bradycardia, spontaneous seizure, and sudden death were detected in RQ/+ mutant mice in vivo; however, when provoked, cortical seizures frequently led to apneas, brainstem SD, cardiorespiratory failure, and death. In vitro studies revealed that the RQ mutation selectively strengthened excitatory, but not inhibitory, synapses and facilitated SD in both the neocortex as well as brainstem dorsal medulla autonomic microcircuits. These data link defects in neuronal intracellular calcium homeostasis to the vulnerability of central autonomic brainstem pathways to hypoxic stress and implicate brainstem SD as a previously unrecognized site and mechanism contributing to premature death in individuals with leaky RYR2 mutations.
Distributed primal-dual methods for online constrained optimization

This paper introduces a decentralized primal-dual method for online distributed optimization involving global constraints. We employ a consensus-based framework and exploit the decomposability of the constraints in dual domain. At each stage, each agent commits to an adaptive decision pertaining only to the past and locally available information, and incurs a new cost function reflecting the change in the environment. We show that the algorithm achieves a regret of order O(√T) at any node with the time horizon T, in scenarios when the underlying communication topology is time-varying and jointly-connected.
Accuracy of Center of Rotation Determination for SPECT Imaging

The center of rotation (COR) determination used in a commercially available software package for SPECT imaging is shown to be significantly inaccurate. The effects of inaccurate COR determinations in several situations are demonstrated. A method to test software COR techniques and to replace them with a more accurate method is described.
Treatment of uncertainty in performance assessments for the geological disposal of radioactive waste

The treatment of uncertainty in performance assessments for the geological disposal of radioactive waste is discussed and illustrated. The following topics are considered: (1) the conceptual design and structure of a performance assessment including the separation of aleatory and epistemic uncertainty, (2) the numerical propagation of uncertainty, (3) the computational design of a performance assessment, and (4) sampling-based methods for sensitivity analysis. The presented concepts and techniques are illustrated with results from the 2008 performance assessment for the proposed repository for high-level radioactive waste at Yucca Mountain, Nevada.
Recovery of salt marsh vegetation after removal of storm-deposited anthropogenic debris: Lessons from volunteer clean-up efforts in Long Beach, NY

Recovery of vegetation on a Long Island, NY salt marsh was investigated after the removal of hurricane-deposited large wooden debris through managed clean-ups involving volunteers. Two years after the removal of the debris, vegetation cover and species composition were not significantly different from controls. There was no significant difference in vegetation recovery among fall and spring debris removal treatments. Initial vegetation cover of the experimental and control plots was 95.8% and 1.2%, respectively; after two growing seasons cover was 78.7% and 71.2%, respectively. The effects of trampling by volunteers during debris removal were monitored and after one growing season, trails used during a single clean-up effort had a mean vegetation cover of 67% whereas those that were used during multiple clean-up efforts had only 30% cover. We use the results of this study to offer guidance for organizing effective salt marsh clean-up efforts.
Complications in complexation kinetics for lanthanides with DTPA using dye probe molecules in aqueous solution

The complexation kinetics for the polyaminopolycarboxylic ligand DTPA to lanthanides in acidic aqueous solution were investigated using the dye ligand displacement technique and stopped-flow spectroscopy. Significant rate differences were obtained for different dye probes used, indicating that the kinetics of the dissociation of the dye molecule significantly impacts the overall measured kinetics when using this common methodology. The conditions of the solution also influenced the dye-lanthanide-DTPA interactions, which reconciled previously disparate data in the literature.
An Investigation of Unmet Socio-Economic Needs Among Arab American Breast Cancer Patients Compared with Other Immigrant and Migrant Patients

Although Arabs are a growing population in the United States, they are a hidden minority when compared to larger, more studied groups like Latinos and Caribbean immigrants of African descent (CIAD). There is limited research pertaining to patients’ unmet socioeconomic and supportive care needs when undergoing breast cancer treatment, particularly among immigrants and migrants. This is a comparative study of a nested cohort of 36 Arabs, 145 Latinos and 128 CIAD breast cancer patients participating in the Integrated Cancer Care Access Network and their areas of needed assistance. The patients were recruited from eleven community cancer clinics in New York City and through community based organizations. Patients most commonly reported needing financial, transportation, and food assistance. Arabs were more likely than their CIAD and Latino counterparts to have health insurance and legal aid needs. Arabs also has the highest proportion of patients unaware of their own cancer stage, at odds with their report of lower information needs than the other groups. Additional culturally tailored Arabic language interventions are needed to educate Arabic speaking breast cancer patients to help facilitate access to available services.
Where did people forage in prehistoric Trinidad? Testing the utility of a multi-isotope approach for tracking the origins of terrestrial prey

Abstract Isotopic analysis of zoological material in archaeological deposits may help identify the origin of predated individuals. Here we assess the utility of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope values in bone collagen from zooarchaeological remains for determining the degree to which prehistoric Trinidadians relied on terrestrial prey from coastal and inland localities, as well as how this may have changed over time. We analyzed bone collagen from a variety of marine and terrestrial vertebrates from three coastal Ceramic Age sites in southwestern Trinidad. We also collected and analyzed modern foliage from eight sites at varying distances from the ocean to establish expected isotopic values for coastal ( 10 km from the ocean) environments in the southwestern corner of the island. We anticipated that the earliest human inhabitants at these sites initially exploited marine and local (i.e., coastal) terrestrial prey, but that they eventually depleted local resources, necessitating harvesting terrestrial prey from further inland. Unexpectedly, we find no substantial or consistent isotopic trends over time within sites or among different sites. The majority of harvested prey likely lived 1.5–10 km from the ocean. The combination of nitrogen and sulfur isotope values is effective at distinguishing both plants and terrestrial prey from coastal versus inland localities. Although carbon is less informative at elucidating geographic origin, it is quite effective at distinguishing terrestrial and marine prey and may be useful for separating marine turtles from terrestrial tortoises when working with fragmented material. Results from this study can be used as a model for multi-isotopic research in other island and coastal continental settings.
Return Visit Admissions May Not Indicate Quality of Emergency Department Care for Children.

Objective To test the hypothesis that in-hospital outcomes are worse among children admitted during a return ED visit than among those admitted during an index ED visit. Methods Retrospective analysis of ED visits by children age 0-17 to hospitals in Florida and New York in 2013. Children hospitalized during an ED return visit within 7 days were classified as “ED return admissions” (discharged at ED index visit and admitted at return visit) or “readmissions” (admission at both ED index and return visits). In-hospital outcomes for ED return admissions and readmissions were compared to “index admissions without return admission” (admitted at ED index visit without 7-day return visit admission). Results Among 1,886,053 index ED visits to 321 hospitals, 75,437 were index admissions without return admission, 7,561 were ED return admissions and 1,333 were readmissions. ED return admissions had lower intensive care unit (ICU) admission rates (11.0% versus 13.6%; adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71-0.85), longer length of stay (LOS, 3.51 vs. 3.38 days; difference 0.13 days; incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.04; 95% CI 1.02-1.07), but no difference in mean hospital costs (($7138 vs. $7331; difference -$193; 95% CI -$479 to 93) compared to index admissions without return admission. Conclusions Compared with children who experienced index admissions without return admission, children who are initially discharged from the ED who then have a return visit admission had lower severity and similar cost, suggesting that ED return visit admissions do not involve worse outcomes than do index admissions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Abstract SY03-03: Modulating innate and adaptive immunity through the manipulation of dendritic cells

Dendritic cells (DC) are potent antigen presenting cells used in clinical trials to treat cancer and infectious diseases such as HIV. We have performed two types of clinical trials to evaluate their immunogenicity in vivo. First, we compared DC to conventional vaccine adjuvants. HLA-A2+ resected melanoma patients were enrolled into a randomized clinical trial to compare vaccines comprised of six HLA-A2-restricted peptide antigens and a foreign protein, KLH, either pulsed onto cytokine-matured, monocyte-derived DCs or emulsified in the mineral oil adjuvant Montanide ISA 51. The frequency, magnitude and quality of antigen-specific cellular immune responses in peripheral blood were found to be greater in patients receiving the Montanide vaccine. Furthermore, the primed cells were functionally superior, indicating a need to improve current DC-based vaccine approaches. Preclinical studies in mice were undertaken to evaluate the mechanism by which DC prime T cells. Contrary to previous assumptions, we found that DC vaccines have an insignificant role in directly priming CD8+ T cells, but instead function primarily as vehicles for transferring antigens to endogenous antigen presenting cells, which are responsible for the subsequent activation of T cells. This reliance on endogenous immune cells may explain the limited success of current DC vaccines to treat cancer and offers new insight into how these therapies can be improved. Future approaches will focus on creating DC vaccines that are more effective at directly priming T cells, by altering maturation factors, or abrogating the tumor induced suppression of endogenous DCs In a second approach, we used TLR agonists targeting TLR 7, 8 and/or 9 to prime immunity to melanoma associated antigens in a series of clinical trials. They include imiquimod, resiquimod and CpG, agonists for TLR7 and/or TLR 8 and TLR9 respectively. These adjuvants when combined with the cancer testis antigen NY-ESO-1, induced integrated immune responses which were characterized by the induction of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity as well as antigen-specific antibodies in patients with resected melanoma. Strategies to optimize these various approaches to induce immunity in cancer and other chronic diseases will be discussed. Citation Format: Nina Bhardwaj. Modulating innate and adaptive immunity through the manipulation of dendritic cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY03-03
Nocturnal Aphanistes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Anomaloninae) in the Neotropical region, with the description of five new species

The crepuscularis species group of the ichneumonid genus Aphanistes Forster currently comprises three species—Aphanistes crepuscularis Dasch, A. guatemalenus (Cameron), and A. arcei Gauld & Bradshaw. Five new species are described: A. augustoi sp. n., A. cachil sp. n., A. paolae sp. n., A. ruthae sp. n., and A. silviae sp. n. A key for the species group is also presented.
The Results of Hemoglobin Variant Analysis in Patients Revealing Microcytic Erythrocytosis on Complete Blood Count

Background Microcytic erythrocytosis is an underrecognized and underevaluated complete blood count (CBC) finding. The literature pertaining to the determination of its etiology specifically by hemoglobin variant analysis is limited. Methods We performed hemoglobin variant analysis by high performance liquid chromatography on 137 patients who revealed microcytic erythrocytosis on CBC, and reviewed the results for the diagnosis of hemoglobin-associated disorders. Results A diagnosis of thalassemia trait and/or a hemoglobinopathy was established in 93 of 137 (67.9%) patients. Amongst these, s-thalassemia trait topped the list with 69 cases (74.1%), followed by hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin with 5 cases (5.5%), Hemoglobin E disease with 4 cases (4.3%), and ∂/s-thalassemia with 2 cases (2.1%). Compound heterozygous conditions with 1 or more hemoglobinopathies and/or thalassemias were diagnosed in 13 cases (14.0%). Abnormal hemoglobins in the compound heterozygosity group included C, S, HPFH, and 2 unknowns. Conclusion Hemoglobin variant analysis provided a very high positive yield in determining the etiology of microcytic erythrocytosis.
SIRF: Quantitative in situ analysis of protein interactions at DNA replication forks

DNA replication reactions are central to diverse cellular processes including development, cancer etiology, drug treatment, and resistance. Many proteins and pathways exist to ensure DNA replication fidelity and protection of stalled or damaged replication forks. Consistently, mutations in proteins involved in DNA replication are implicated in diverse diseases that include defects during embryonic development and immunity, accelerated aging, increased inflammation, blood disease, and cancer. Thus, tools for efficient quantitative analysis of protein interactions at active and stalled replication forks are key for advanced and accurate biological understanding. Here we describe a sensitive single-cell–level assay system for the quantitative analysis of protein interactions with nascent DNA. Specifically, we achieve robust in situ analysis of protein interactions at DNA replication forks (SIRF) using proximity ligation coupled with 5′-ethylene-2′-deoxyuridine click chemistry suitable for multiparameter analysis in heterogeneous cell populations. We provide validation data for sensitivity, accuracy, proximity, and quantitation. Using SIRF, we obtained new insight on the regulation of pathway choice by 53BP1 at transiently stalled replication forks.
Combinatorial materials research applied to the development of new surface coatings: II. Process capability analysis of the coating formulation workflow

A combinatorial process has been developed for the high throughput production and evaluation of surface coatings. The workflow designed for the production of arrays of liquid coatings involves the robotic transfer of aliquots of solutions of raw materials to an array of glass vials and mixing of the coatings using an unconventional magnetic stirring process. An investigation of the capability of the workflow to accurately and repeatedly prepare coating arrays was conducted as a function of solution viscosity and aliquot size. In addition, mixing capability was evaluated as a function of solution viscosity, total solution volume, and mechanism of stirring. Overall, the results of the study indicated that adequate accuracy and repeatability of the coating preparation process can be achieved as long as raw material solutions are designed such that viscosity is below about 250 cP and aliquot sizes are above about 75 μl. With regard to mixing capability, total solution volume was found to have a profound affect as did the stirring mechanism.
Risk factors for late recurrent rejection after heart transplantation: A multiinstitutional, multivariable analysis

Background : Previous studies of allograft rejection have focused on early episodes and risk factors from pretransplant variables. Methods : This multiinstitutional study compared early ( 1 year) rejection episodes and risk factors for recurrent rejection from variables both before and after transplantation among 1251 patients who underwent primary heart transplantation and available follow-up of greater than 1 year. Results : There were a total of 1882 rejection episodes over a mean follow-up of 26 ± 0.3 months. The hazard function (instantaneous risk per patient per month) peaked at 1 month followed by a low constant risk of rejection after 12 months. By multivariable analysis, the most dominant risk factors for recurrent rejection during the first posttransplantation year were a shorter time interval since transplantation and a shorter time since a previous rejection episode. Other factors included young age, female gender, female donor, positive cytomegalovirus serology, prior infections, and OKT3 induction. In contrast, after the first year, the dominant risk factors for rejection were a greater number of rejections during the first year and the presence of prior cytomegalovirus infections. Conclusions : These data show a striking time dependency for rejection episodes among heart transplant recipients. Factors that increase risk for rejection in the first year differ from risk factors for rejection in subsequent years. These data suggest that it may be possible to tailor rejection surveillance protocols and immunosuppression intensity, according to specific patient and time-related risk factors. J HEART LUNG TRANSPLANT 1995 ;14 :409-18.
STIMULATION OF ANTIBODY RESPONSES IN VITRO BY ANTIGEN-BEARING SYNGENEIC AND ALLOGENEIC MACROPHAGES

Abstract The ability of antigen-bearing syngeneic and allogeneic peptone-induced peritoneal exudate macrophages to support development of primary and secondary antibody responses to a T cell-dependent antigen by murine lymphoid cells in vitro has been investigated. Syngeneic and allogeneic macrophages support development of comparable primary antibody responses. Immunized spleen cells, however, develop secondary antibody responses preferentially when stimulated in vitro with antigen on macrophages syngeneic to the macrophages used to immunize the spleen cells in vivo . The genetic restrictions governing effective macrophage-lymphoid cell interactions in secondary antibody responses appear to be operative at the level of the immunized T cell. The implications that sensitized T cells selectively recognize antigen presented in the context of the macrophage membrane-antigen complex which sensitized the T cells initially are considered.
Toughening effect of non-periodic fiber distribution on crack propagation energy of UHTC composites

Abstract Different configurations of continuous carbon fiber-reinforced ultrahigh temperature ceramics (UHTCs), by combining coatings and matrix, were produced via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and slurry infiltration. The toughening of non-periodic fiber distribution induced by the EPD process was investigated through work of fracture analysis. The results show that a non-periodic fiber distribution results in toughness increase from 8 MPa√m to 11 MPa√m with respect to a periodic fiber distribution. This toughness improvement does not strongly affect the flexural strength, which is mainly related to the fiber volumetric amount. It is shown that the assembling of carbon fibers into bundles (i.e. by dispersing the fibers with a non-periodic distribution) increases the crack propagation energy dissipated on the crack-wake from 0.5 kJ/m2 to 1 kJ/m2, which can be mainly ascribed to the fiber/bundle pull-out. On the other hand, the energy dissipated on the crack-tip (as fiber/matrix debonding) is fiber distribution-independent and increases from 0.3 kJ/m2 to 0.4 kJ/m2 with increasing the fiber amount from 33 vol% to 40 vol%. Finally, WoF analysis is proposed as test to evaluate pull-out toughening instead of push-in and push-out tests.
Grounding Pluralism: Why and How

Grounding pluralism is the view that there are multiple kinds of grounding. In this essay, I motivate and defend an explanation-theoretic view of grounding pluralism. Specifically, I argue that there are two kinds of grounding: why-grounding—which tells us why things are the case—and how-grounding—which tells us how things are the case.
Testicular torsion after previous surgical fixation

Abstract Recurrent testicular torsion after previous surgical fixation is uncommon. We present the case of a 13-year-old male with a previous history of left testicular torsion requiring left orchiectomy and right fixation that presented to the emergency room with testicular torsion in the remaining testis. We discuss management and review the literature.
The impact of a Web‐based leveled reading program on Arabic language learners' reading experiences

This study investigated the reading experiences of Arabic language learners who were introduced to the ALDAAD Web‐based leveled reading program compared to the experiences of students who followed their school's mainstream Arabic reading curriculum. It focused on ACTFL's number one research priority area: integration of language, culture, and content. Students' perceptions coalesced around four different dimensions: (a) affective attitude (positive/negative), (b) engagement (student‐centered, instructor‐centered), (c) satisfaction, and (d) access (facilitated/restricted). The research findings present a significant difference in the reading experiences of students who used the ALDAAD program compared to the experiences of those who were exposed to the mainstream reading curriculum at their school. The study presents a number of pedagogical implications pertaining to second language, heritage, and native speakers of Arabic. Recommendations are presented on how to best address the reading needs of emerging Arabic readers and the concept of building a positive social‐sharing aspect to reading in Arabic.
The Four Pillars of Learning: e-Books Past, Present, and Future

In this chapter, we will explore explanations for this conflicting evidence, and importantly, demonstrate the power of evidence-based recommendations for e-book use. In an effort to compare traditional books and e-books, this chapter will apply four pillars of learning generated from the Science of Learning (Hirsh-Pasek K, Zosh JM, Golinkoff RM, Gray JH, Robb MB, Kaufman J. Psychol Sci Public Interest 16(1):3–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100615569721, 2015)—active, engaged, meaningful, and socially interactive. By harnessing the science of learning and relying upon the lesson generated by decades of research in psychology, education, and cognitive science, this chapter will explore how we can harness the potential—and mitigate the drawbacks—of e-books. Technology can be a marvelous tool—but only if we know how to use it.
Football Increases Future Risk of Symptomatic Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis.

Introduction Male youth in the United States commonly participate in gridiron (American) football. There are little data substantiating current popular opinion that it is associated with knee pain or osteoarthritis (OA) later in life. We aimed to evaluate the relationship of football with these outcomes in the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI). Methods This is a study of male OAI participants with knee x-ray readings, symptom assessments, and completed surveys on lifetime physical activity. The OAI is a multicenter, observational cohort recruited from the community not based on football participation status. A history of exposure to American football was ascertained via self-report. Knee radiographs were scored for Kellgren-Lawrence grade (0-4). Radiographic OA (ROA) was defined as Kellgren-Lawrence ≥ 2 in at least one knee. Frequent knee pain meant at least one knee with frequent knee pain. Symptomatic ROA required at least one knee with both ROA and frequent knee pain. Results A total of 1166 men had a mean age of 63.7 (SD, 9.2) yr and body mass index of 28.6 (SD, 4.2) kg·m. Thirty-one percent (365/1166) played football at some point in their lives, 95% of whom participated from ages 12 to 18 yr. The ORs for symptomatic ROA from the lowest to highest football participation were 1.2, 1.5, and 2.2, respectively (P for trend = 0.004). Findings were similar for football from ages 12 to 18 yr and for outcomes of knee pain and ROA. Conclusion This is the first large epidemiologic study to suggest that football participation, including in the teen years, may be detrimental toward knee health. Prospective studies evaluating football players are warranted.
Triple Resonance Methods to Improve Performance of Ion Trap Precursor and Neutral Loss Scans.

Two experiments are described that extend the capabilities of quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometers operated in the precursor and neutral loss scan mode. The first experiment, a triple resonance p...
Metabolic Assessment of Lipid Abundance and Distribution

Lipids are an essential macromolecule used for diverse functions including use for structural components of membranes, energy storage, and signaling molecules. The regulation of cellular lipid stores is critical for maintaining organismal metabolic homeostasis. Lipid homeostasis can decline with age, which can lead to poor health outcomes and accelerate the progression of disease states. C. elegans represents an excellent model to study age-related decline in lipid homeostasis due to its short lifespan and remarkably well-conserved metabolic pathways. Due to their ease of use and similarities, there have been numerous developments in methodologies to study intracellular lipid abundance and tissue distribution in C. elegans.
Sociodemographic Predictors of Patient Age at Time of Cleft Lip and Palate Repair.

Objective:To identify the impact of sociodemographic and health variables on the age at which patients undergo cleft lip repair, cleft palate repair, and primary speech evaluation.Design:A retrospe...
Comparing effects of default nudges and informing on recycled water decisions.

Despite a serious need for sustainable alternative water supplies in many parts of the world, public opposition remains a barrier to implementing solutions such as safe wastewater recycling schemes. Here, we compared two strategies to increase acceptance of recycled water: default nudges and informing choices. Experiment 1 (N = 81) showed that defaults increased acceptance of recycled water. Experiment 2 (N = 142) replicated the effect but also indicated that weak educational interventions (simple infographics) interacted with confidence, such that those who switched from the default option had measurably higher confidence in their choice when given the infographic. Experiment 3 (N = 146) suggested that in a college undergraduate sample, strong educational interventions (educational videos) eliminated the effect of nudges on recycled water acceptance, increased acceptance, increased knowledge of recycled water, and also interacted with confidence in the same way observed in Experiment 2. Experiment 4 (N = 271) showed that strong educational interventions can also increase recycled water acceptance in an MTurk sample. Since both education and defaults may be effective, we suggest that future work would benefit from cost-benefit analyses between strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Withdrawal of Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support in Patients With Capacity.

Abstract Context Little is known about the real-time decision-making process of patients with capacity to choose withdrawal of temporary mechanical circulatory support (MCS). Objectives To assess how withdrawal of temporary MCS occurs when patients possess the capacity to make this decision themselves. Methods This retrospective case series included adults supported by CentriMag Acute Circulatory Support or Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation from February 2, 2007 to May 27, 2020 at a tertiary academic medical center who possessed capacity to participate in end-of-life discussions. Authors performed chart review to determine times between "initiation of temporary MCS," "determination of ‘bridge to nowhere,'" "patient expressing desire to withdraw," "agreement to withdraw," "withdrawal," and "death," as well as reasons for withdrawal and the role of ethics, psychiatry, and palliative care. Results A total of 796 individuals were included. MCS was withdrawn in 178 (22.4%) of cases. Six of these 178 patients (3.4%) possessed the capacity to decide to withdraw MCS. Time between "patient expressing desire to withdraw" and "agreement to withdraw" ranged from 0 to 3 days; time between "agreement to withdraw" and "withdrawal" ranged from 0 to 6 days. Common reasons for withdrawal include perceived decline in quality of life or low probability of recovery. Ethics and psychiatry were consulted in 3 of 6 cases and palliative care in 5 of 6 cases. Conclusion While it is rare for patients on MCS to request withdrawal, such cases provide insight into reasons for withdrawal and the important roles of multidisciplinary teams in helping patients and families through end-of-life decision-making.
A Brief History of Order Ideals

The notion of order ideal is no doubt implicit in a paper by Serre in 1958 on free summands of projective modules. A formal definition is given by Bass. However, any algebraist contemplating the question, “on what locus of prime ideals in Spec(R) does an element e in a module E generate a free summand?”, has in fact encountered the concept of an order ideal. In the account on order ideals and their applications in this paper, it is our intent to elaborate on four basic theorems - as we see them - that give insight into the height properties of these ideals. We do this both from a historical view as well as a view of their utility.