cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparisons of high performance software radios with size, weight, area and power constraints

Software-Defined Radios (SDR), which digitize RF spectrum and perform traditional receiver tasks in software, are becoming increasingly viable as an enabling technology for mobile networks and sensor networks. The concurrent rise in commercially available small form-factor, low-power, x86-based processors creates the possibility of incorporating General Purpose Processor (GPP) software radios into existing sensor networks. The eStadium VIP project is considering the addition of such nodes to sense digitized RF spectrum data in Bobby Dodd football stadium. The flexibility inherent in GPP software radio provides rapid algorithm testing; however, the hardware is often large, heavy, and power intensive. Due to the limited resources and practical considerations in the stadium, the trade-offs between size, weight, area, and power (SWAP) requirements and SDR capabilities must be studied prior to deployment. A performance analysis across four PC form factors, including one suitable for embedded use, running realistic SDR applications is presented. Case studies include FM radio with the BPSK modulated Radio Broadcast Data Service (RBDS), FM analog video, and distributed processing of digital video with QPSK modulation. Such studies provide valuable insight into SDR testbeds.
A Highly Purified Preparation of Juvenile Hormone from the Silk Moth Hyalophora cecropia L.

A Highly Purified Preparation of Juvenile Hormone from the Silk Moth Hyalophora cecropia L.
Determinants of rate of extinction in successive acquisitions and extinctions

Rats were used in an investigation of the conditions that are necessary to obtain a decrease in resistance to extinction across extinctions in a successive acquisition and extinction paradigm. Long breaks (23.5 h) after extinction coupled with a short intertrial interval within extinction sessions (long N-R transition) resulted in a decrease in resistance to extinction across the successive extinctions. Long breaks after acquisition sessions (long R-N transition), or in the middle of acquisition sessions (long R-R transition), yielded an increase in resistance to extinction across the successive extinction sessions. When extinction sessions followed immediately after acquisition sessions (N-R), Ss decreased their running speeds within each of the successive extinctions. When acquisition sessions followed immediately after extinction sessions (R-N), Ss decreased their running speeds within the first few successive extinctions. The R-N Ss learned to increase their running speed within extinctions during the later successive extinctions.
PS2-52: VDW Data Sources: Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute.

Background/Aims The Virtual Data Warehouse (VDW) was created as a mechanism for producing comparable data across sites for purposes of proposing and conducting research. It is “virtual” in the sense that the data remain at the local sites rather than at a centralized data coordinating center. At the core of the VDW are a series of standardized file definitions. Content areas and data elements that are commonly required for research studies are identified, and data dictionaries are created for each of the content areas, specifying a common format for each of the elements—variable name, label, description, code values, and value labels. Local site programmers have mapped the data elements from their HMO’s data systems into this standardized set of variable definitions, names, and codes, as well as onto standardized SAS file formats. This common structure of the VDW files enables a SAS analyst at one site to write one program to extract and/or analyze data at all participating sites.
A note on expressing wilks’ a as the product of independent beta variables

The purpose of this note is to show that the null distribution of Wilks’ A can be expressed as the product of p independent beta variables regardless of the relationship of p and q, where p is the number of variables and q is the degrees of freedom associated with the hypothesis.
Effects of Surface Roughness on Turbulent Transonic Flow Over Circular Arc Bumps in a Channel

Turbulent transonic flow over circular arc bumps in a channel is computed to determine the effects of surface roughness on shock/boundary layer interaction. Initially the performance of several tur...
Aggregation of physical activity habits in Mexican-American and Anglo families

It is believed that families are important influences on the development of health habits, and the purpose of the present study was to examine the familial aggregation of physical activity. Physical activity habits were assessed by standardized interview in adults and children in 95 Anglo families and 111 Mexican-American families. The results indicated a moderate degree of aggregation of physical activity in both samples, and adjustment for body mass index was inconsequential. Intrafamily correlations tended to be higher in Mexican-Americans. Mother-child correlations usually were higher than father-child correlations. These findings support the hypothesis that the family is a significant influence on physical activity.
The development of profiles for monkeys and children with attention deficit disorder: a neural network approach

As a part of an Operant Test Battery (OTB), a set of five behavioral tasks was given to a group of children at the Arkansas Children's Hospital (ACH) and a group of rhesus monkeys at the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) [4]. Through a separate process, at ACH, the children had been diagnosed as Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), boarder line ADD, or healthy. Using the Self-Organizing Map neural network [1], the profiles of both healthy monkeys and children of varied ages with ADD were then generated and compared. The goal is to determine whether the animal model shares certain traits characteristics of ADD.
Toward a theory of choice: Socially embedded preference construction

Abstract We present a boundedly rational model of choice that makes room for individual values and social influences in a process of preference construction. It takes from the subjective expected utility model the notion that people assess their options in terms of expected outcomes, referenced to personal values, but it presumes that individuals assess sharply truncated lists of relevant options, outcomes and values and apply a classification logic rather than a calculative one. Such a model is consistent with the nature of evolved human cognitive abilities. The model treats cognitive heuristics and various forms of social influence as determinants of selection of the truncated lists and it treats moral norms as classification rules activated when certain actions and outcomes become salient. The model has implications for understanding how political rhetoric affects individual and social preferences and how “hot cognitions” fit into human choice and for developing improved methods of collective decision making.
Voltaire and Russia in the Age of Enlightenment

Voltaire's long interest in Russia was probably stimulated during his research for the Histoire de Charles XII. His ties to Russia became even closer in 1746, during the reign of Elizabeth, daughter of Peter the Great, when he was made an honorable member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and appointed a Historiographer of the Russian Empire. In 1757, the Empress asked Voltaire to write the history of Peter the Great. Voltaire's Histoire de l'empire de Russie sous Pierre le Grand became an important undertaking for Russia's new sovereign, Catherine II, who wanted to publicly demonstrate her firm support for Peter's Western-looking reforms. Catherine had been reading Voltaire's works for most of her adult life before she began her correspondence with him in 1763. The empress counted on Voltaire to favorably influence public opinion in Europe. Ultimately, he played a predominant role in creating the image of Catherine the Great as a wise, just, and democratic ruler. However, the revolutionary events that swept France instantly transformed Catherine from a ruler charmed by the new Enlightenment ideas into a reactionary autocrat, who ultimately broke up forever with Voltaire.
Cardiovascular effects of centrally administered endothelin-1 and its relationship to changes in cerebral blood flow.

Abstract Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of endothelin-1 (ET-1; 100 ng, i.c.v.) produced an initial pressor (24%) (peak at 3 min following ET-1 administration) and a delayed depressor (−40%) (30 and 60 min following ET-1 administration) effects in urethane anesthetized rats. The pressor effect of ET-1 was due to an increase (21%) in cardiac output, while the depressor effect of ET-1 was associated with a marked decrease (−46%) in cardiac output. Stroke volume significantly decreased at 30 and 60 min after the administration of ET-1. No change in total peripheral vascular resistance and heart rate was observed following central administration of ET-1. The effects of ET-1 on blood pressure, cardiac output and stroke volume were not observed in BQ123 (10 μg, i.c.v.) treated rats. Blood flow to the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, midbrain and brain stem was not affected at 3 min, but a significant decrease in blood flow to all the regions of the brain was observed at 30 and 60 min following central administration of ET-1. BQ123 pretreatment completely blocked the central ET-1 induced decrease in blood flow to the brain regions. It is concluded that the pressor effect of centrally administered ET-1 is not accompanied by a severe decrease in brain blood flow, however, a subsequent decrease in blood pressure is associated with a decrease in blood flow to the brain. The cardiovascular effects of ET-1 including decrease in brain blood flow are mediated through central ET A receptors.
Structure of the defect perovskite [Pb0.85La0.10]TiO3 between 10 and 1023 K

The structure of the defect perovskite [Pb0.85⧠0.05La0.10]TiO3 was investigated by powder neutron and x‐ray diffraction and by specific heat measurements made at various temperatures. Refinement of the structure by the Rietveld technique at 10, 200, and 300 K from time‐of‐flight powder neutron diffraction data revealed no low temperature transitions from the ferroelectric tetragonal (4mm) phase. On average, the oxygen octahedral framework of the parent compound was not distorted by the incorporation of lanthanum and vacancies, and the ratio of cation displacements along the polar axis was comparable to that observed for pure PbTiO3. However, the material showed a large nonuniform strain that increased with decreasing temperature. As a result, the effective coupling between the uniform tetragonal deformation and cation displacement was reduced. X‐ray diffraction and specific heat measurements at 298–1023 K indicated that the ferroelectric m3m→4mm transition was nearly tricritical and took place at 565 K. T...
Nonlinear control of surge in axial compression systems

Abstract This paper discusses the nonlinear control of surge in axial compression systems. A nonlinear model-based Luenberger-type observer is first developed from a simple incompressible flow model of an axial compressor rig; then the input-output feedback linearizing control technique is employed to derive an appropriate control law. The use of the output observer as the basis for the control design enables the reconstruction of approximate system states from a single output measurement, it enhances transient tracking of measured output, and it reduces the destabilizing effect of measurement noise in closed loop. The nonlinear controller described in this work achieves an implicit linearization of the dynamics between the measured output variable, the dynamic pressure at the compressor inlet and the system input variable (the throttle area parameter). The designed controller is validated by both simulation and experimental demonstration on an axial compressor experimental rig. The controlled system responses show adequate stabilization of the surge dynamics in the presence of impulsive and persistent disturbances in system conditions. Further evaluation of the overall controlled system performance is enhanced by comparisons with a linear surge controller. It is shown that gain scheduling along nominal conditions is not required to maintain uniform closed-loop performance, during tracking of setpoint changes, with the nonlinear controller.
Phylogenetic and morphometric analyses reveal ecophenotypic plasticity in freshwater mussels Obovaria jacksoniana and Villosa arkansasensis (Bivalvia: Unionidae).

Freshwater mollusk shell morphology exhibits clinal variation along a stream continuum that has been termed the Law of Stream Distribution. We analyzed phylogenetic relationships and morphological similarity of two freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae), Obovaria jacksoniana and Villosa arkansasensis, throughout their ranges. The objectives were to investigate phylogenetic structure and evolutionary divergence of O. jacksoniana and V. arkansasensis and morphological similarity between the two species. Our analyses were the first explicit tests of phenotypic plasticity in shell morphologies using a combination of genetics and morphometrics. We conducted phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA (1416 bp; two genes) and morphometric analyses for 135 individuals of O. jacksoniana and V. arkansasensis from 12 streams. We examined correlations among genetic, morphological, and spatial distances using Mantel tests. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed a monophyletic relationship between O. jacksoniana and V. arkansasensis. Within this O. jacksoniana/V. arkansasensis complex, five distinct clades corresponding to drainage patterns showed high genetic divergence. Morphometric analysis revealed relative differences in shell morphologies between the two currently recognized species. We conclude that morphological differences between the two species are caused by ecophenotypic plasticity. A series of Mantel tests showed regional and local genetic isolation by distance. We observed clear positive correlations between morphological and geographic distances within a single drainage. We did not observe correlations between genetic and morphological distances. Phylogenetic analyses suggest O. jacksoniana and V. arkansasensis are synonomous and most closely related to a clade composed of O. retusa, O. subrotunda, and O. unicolor. Therefore, the synonomous O. jacksoniana and V. arkansasensis should be recognized as Obovaria arkansasensis (Lea 1862) n. comb. Phylogenetic analyses also showed relative genetic isolation among drainages, suggesting no current gene flow. Further investigation of in-progress speciation and/or cryptic species within O. arkansasensis is warranted followed by appropriate revision of conservation management designations.
Caspase-11 promotes the fusion of phagosomes harboring pathogenic bacteria with lysosomes by modulating actin polymerization.

Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that include members of the NLR (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing) family and caspase-1. Once bacterial molecules are sensed within the macrophage, the inflammasome is assembled, mediating the activation of caspase-1. Caspase-11 mediates caspase-1 activation in response to lipopolysaccharide and bacterial toxins, and yet its role during bacterial infection is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that caspase-11 was dispensable for caspase-1 activation in response to Legionella, Salmonella, Francisella, and Listeria. We also determined that active mouse caspase-11 was required for restriction of L. pneumophila infection. Similarly, human caspase-4 and caspase-5, homologs of mouse caspase-11, cooperated to restrict L. pneumophila infection in human macrophages. Caspase-11 promoted the fusion of the L. pneumophila vacuole with lysosomes by modulating actin polymerization through cofilin. However, caspase-11 was dispensable for the fusion of lysosomes with phagosomes containing nonpathogenic bacteria, uncovering a fundamental difference in the trafficking of phagosomes according to their cargo.
Residual two-body matrix elements for pre-equilibrium calculations

Abstract The effective matrix elements which appear in pre-equilibrium calculations in the rate expressions for the residual two-body interactions have been evaluated from analyses of emitted particle energy spectra. Probably because of details in the model formulation, the results are found to depend on the nature of the projectile. They are, however, of reasonable magnitude and show a mass number and excitation energy dependence consistent with predictions based on calculations of mean free paths in nuclear matter. The square of the empirical effective matrix element is found to approximately obey the relation M 2 = K a A −3 E −1 with the values of K a = 95 MeV 3 and 725 MeV 3 applying to proton and α-particle induced reactions respectively. The quantities A and E are the mass number and excitation energy of the system respectively.
Modeling the Car-Truck Interaction in a System-Optimal Dynamic Traffic Assignment Model

Several transportation problems, such as implementation of truck-only lanes, require understanding the interaction of heterogeneous dynamic traffic flows in order to provide accurate solutions. System-optimal dynamic traffic assignment can be modeled using a network loading procedure based on the cell transmission model, that is, the hydrodynamic wave model, and solved by linear programming. However, this framework cannot handle the asymmetric integration between the flow of trucks and cars. This article presents a novel formulation for network loading in system-optimal dynamic traffic assignment considering car–truck interactions. By using an embedded cell transmission model, this formulation incorporates a set of assumptions related to the kinematic characteristics of the flow of cars, trucks, and their interactions that can be solved using linear programming. We present numerical results supporting our modeling assumptions. Likewise, the observed emergent behavior captures the car–truck interactions ac...
The scale-up of grate-discharge continuous ball mills

Abstract Dimensionless selection functions for the grinding of material in continuous gratedischarge mills can be scaled in terms of normalized quantities of feed rate, geometric mean size of the particles and the mill length-to-diameter ratio. Simulations using the scale-up criteria together with the lumped-parameter grinding model yield results for mills of different lengths and operating at different feed rates that are in excellent agreement with the observed values.
Geological Society of America Election of 1921: Attack on Candidacy of Charles Schuchert for the Presidency

During the spring of 1921 a "rump" ticket for President and Vice-President of the Geological Society of America, for 1922, in opposition to the regular presidential candidate, Charles Schuchert, was put forward by petition of 68 fellows of the Society. The attempt failed, partly because the gentlemen proposed as substitutes for the "regular" ticket refused to stand for election. Several fellows participated in the petition drive, but the energizing force and drafter of the petition was Edward O. Ulrich, who took pains to disguise the centrality of his role in the process. In retrospect the event appears to have expressed Ulrich's jealousy of Schuchert and his anger for Schuchert's refusal to adopt Ulrich's Ozarkian system in his publications. The "rump"' ticket episode destroyed what then remained of the former close personal and professional relations between these two great scientists and former friends.
Identity and similarity factors in repetition blindness: implications for lexical processing

Abstract The influence of identity and similarity of repeated items on repetition blindness (RB) was investigated in two rapid-serial-visual processing (RSVP) tasks. In Experiment 1, the difference between correct recall for sentences containing repeated identical items and their controls was contrasted with the difference between correct recall for sentences containing pairs of orthographically similar items (fish – dish) and their controls. In Experiment 2 the same comparison was made between sentences containing repeated identical items and sentences containing pairs of orthographically identical items (the watch – to watch). The amount of RB elicited by the two conditions was measured at three different temporal lags. The results show that the function that describes performance over time for the repeated-identical (R-I) condition is different from that for the condition in which the items are orthographically similar (repeated-neighbor: R-N) or orthographically identical (repeated-homonym: R-H). The results are interpreted as suggesting that the decrements in performance observed for recall of the second occurrence of the repeated item in the R-I and the R-N and R-H conditions have different underlying causes. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
A Miniature-Implantable RF-Wireless Active Glaucoma Intraocular Pressure Monitor

Glaucoma is a detrimental disease that causes blindness in millions of people worldwide. There are numerous treatments to slow the condition but none are totally effective and all have significant side effects. Currently, a continuous monitoring device is not available, but its development may open up new avenues for treatment. This work focuses on the design and fabrication of an active glaucoma intraocular pressure (IOP) monitor that is fully wireless and implantable. Major benefits of an active IOP monitoring device include the potential to operate independently from an external device for extended periods of time and the possibility of developing a closed-loop monitoring and treatment system. The fully wireless operation is based off using gigahertz-frequency electromagnetic wave propagation, which allows for an orientation independent transfer of power and data over reasonable distances. Our system is comprised of a micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) pressure sensor, a capacitive power storage array, an application-specific integrated circuit designed on the Texas Instruments (TI) 130 nm process, and a monopole antenna all assembled into a biocompatible liquid-crystal polymer-based tadpole-shaped package.
Optical detection of electron-nuclear double resonance for a donor in oxygen-doped GaP.

Optical detection of electron-nuclear double resonance (ODENDOR) has been used in a study of an optically detected magnetic resonance spectrum previously assigned to the shallow effective-mass-like 1S(E) state of the substitutional oxygen donor in GaP. The ODENDOR spectra were observed via photoluminescence transitions which are known to be oxygen related. Hyperfine interactions with several shells of both P and Ga neighbors were observed showing that the defect center is on the P sublattice and has full ${T}_{d}$ (tetrahedral) symmetry. A substantial hyperfine interaction was observed on the Ga sublattice inconsistent with an effective-mass-like state made up from the lowest ${X}_{1}$ conduction-band valleys. Further, the full tetrahedral symmetry of the defect as deduced from the ODENDOR spectra reveals an ${A}_{1}$ state not consistent with the 1S(E) state believed to be involved in the electron-capture luminescence transition. Analysis of the defect wave-function distribution gives a binding energy of about 0.22 eV.
Genotype calling from next-generation sequencing data using haplotype information of reads

Motivation: Low coverage sequencing provides an economic strategy for whole genome sequencing. When sequencing a set of individuals, genotype calling can be challenging due to low sequencing coverage. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) based refinement of genotyping calling is essential to improve the accuracy. Current LD-based methods use read counts or genotype likelihoods at individual potential polymorphic sites (PPSs). Reads that span multiple PPSs (jumping reads) can provide additional haplotype information overlooked by current methods. Results: In this article, we introduce a new Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-based method that can take into account jumping reads information across adjacent PPSs and implement it in the HapSeq program. Our method extends the HMM in Thunder and explicitly models jumping reads information as emission probabilities conditional on the states of adjacent PPSs. Our simulation results show that, compared to Thunder, HapSeq reduces the genotyping error rate by 30%, from 0.86% to 0.60%. The results from the 1000 Genomes Project show that HapSeq reduces the genotyping error rate by 12 and 9%, from 2.24% and 2.76% to 1.97% and 2.50% for individuals with European and African ancestry, respectively. We expect our program can improve genotyping qualities of the large number of ongoing and planned whole genome sequencing projects. Contact:dzhi@ms.soph.uab.edu; kzhang@ms.soph.uab.edu Availability: The software package HapSeq and its manual can be found and downloaded at www.ssg.uab.edu/hapseq/. Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Controversial fluorescence in situ hybridization cytogenetic abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: new insights from a large cohort.

Summary The significance of rarer cytogenetic abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) remains controversial. We performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) prior to initial therapy on 618 CLL patients seen at our centre between 2005 and 2012. With a median follow-up of 5·6 years, we found that 55 patients harbouring 14q32 rearrangements without t(14;18) had a shorter time to first treatment (TTFT) (median 26 months, P = 0·03) than patients with t(14;18) (median not reached). Patients with mono- or bi-allelic del(13q) as a sole abnormality had a similarly long TTFT (median not reached). Those patients who harboured 3 or more FISH abnormalities without del(17p) had a short TTFT (4·6 months), comparable to patients with del(17p) (8 months); however, the overall survival for patients with 3 or more FISH abnormalities was longer than for patients with del(17p) with 0 or 1 additional abnormalities (median not reached vs. 54 months). FISH cytogenetics remains a useful genetic tool in the clinic, even in the era of next generation sequencing and, as such, our data provide valuable new insights for counselling patients.
LINEAGES WITH LONG DURATIONS ARE OLD AND MORPHOLOGICALLY AVERAGE: AN ANALYSIS USING MULTIPLE DATASETS

Lineage persistence is as central to biology as evolutionary change. Important questions regarding persistence include: why do some lineages outlive their relatives, neither becoming extinct nor evolving into separate lineages? Do these long-duration lineages have distinctive ecological or morphological traits that correlate with their geologic durations and potentially aid their survival? In this paper, I test the hypothesis that lineages (species and higher taxa) with longer geologic durations have morphologies that are more average than expected by chance alone. I evaluate this hypothesis for both individual lineages with longer durations and groups of lineages with longer durations, using more than 60 published datasets of animals with adequate fossil records. Analyses presented here show that groups of lineages with longer durations fall empirically into one of three theoretically possible scenarios, namely: (1) the morphology of groups of longer duration lineages is closer to the grand average of their inclusive group, that is, their relative morphological distance is smaller than expected by chance alone, when compared with rarified samples of their shorter duration relatives (a negative group morpho-duration distribution); (2) the relative morphological distance of groups of longer duration lineages is no different from rarified samples of their shorter duration relatives (a null group morpho-duration distribution); and (3) the relative morphological distance of groups of longer duration lineages is greater than expected when compared with rarified samples of their shorter duration relatives (a positive group morpho-duration distribution). Datasets exhibiting negative group morpho-duration distributions predominate. However, lineages with higher ranks in the Linnean hierarchy demonstrate positive morpho-duration distributions more frequently. The relative morphological distance of individual longer duration lineages is no different from that of rarified samples of their shorter duration relatives (a null individual morpho-duration distribution) for the majority of datasets studied. Contrary to the common idea that very persistent lineages are special or unique in some significant way, both the results from analyses of long-duration lineages as groups and individuals show that they are morphologically average. Persistent lineages often arise early in a group's history, even though there is no prior expectation for this tendency in datasets of extinct groups. The implications of these results for diversification histories and niche preemption are discussed.
When in Doubt, SWAP: High-Dimensional Sparse Recovery from Correlated Measurements

We consider the problem of accurately estimating a high-dimensional sparse vector using a small number of linear measurements that are contaminated by noise. It is well known that standard computationally tractable sparse recovery algorithms, such as the Lasso, OMP, and their various extensions, perform poorly when the measurement matrix contains highly correlated columns. We develop a simple greedy algorithm, called SWAP, that iteratively swaps variables until a desired loss function cannot be decreased any further. SWAP is surprisingly effective in handling measurement matrices with high correlations. We prove that SWAP can easily be used as a wrapper around standard sparse recovery algorithms for improved performance. We theoretically quantify the statistical guarantees of SWAP and complement our analysis with numerical results on synthetic and real data.
Blood pressure effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors in response to orally administered tyramine in the rat

The reversible monoamine oxidase-A inhibitors BW 1370U87, BW 616U76, brofaromine, and moclobemide, and the irreversible nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine were compared for potentiation of the pressor response to oral tyramine. Conscious rats were pretreated with doses of the monoamine oxidase inhibitors sufficient to produce 80% inhibition of brain monoamine oxidase, and then were challenged with orally administered tyramine. Blood pressure was monitored prior to and after tyramine, and peak pressor responses were compared. At a dose of 15 mg/kg tyramine, the pressor response of BW 1370U87 was statistically similar to the vehicle control response. BW 616U76, brofaromine, and moclobemide elicited mild tyramine pressor effects, whereas phenelzine resulted in a marked elevation of blood pressure. Higher doses of tyramine elicited blood pressure elevations from all of the monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
Light neutralinos with large scattering cross sections in the minimal supersymmetric standard model

Motivated by recent data from CoGeNT and the DAMA annual modulation signal, we discuss collider constraints on the minimal supersymmetric standard model neutralino dark matter with mass in the 5-15 GeV range. The lightest superpartner (LSP) would be a bino with a small Higgsino admixture. Maximization of the dark matter nucleon scattering cross section for such a weakly interacting massive particle requires a light Higgs boson with tan{beta} enhanced couplings. Limits on the invisible width of the Z boson, combined with the rare decays B{sup {+-}{yields}{tau}{nu},} and the ratio B{yields}D{tau}{nu}/B{yields}Dl{nu}, constrain cross sections to be below {sigma}{sub n} < or approx. 5x10{sup -42} cm{sup 2}. This indicates a higher local dark matter density than is usually assumed by a factor of roughly 6 necessary to explain the CoGeNT excess. This scenario also requires a light charged Higgs boson, which can give substantial contributions to rare decays such as b{yields}s{gamma} and t{yields}bH{sup +}. We also discuss the impact of Tevatron searches for Higgs bosons at large tan{beta}.
Development of tree regeneration in fern-dominated forest understories after reduction of deer browsing

Dennstaedtia punctilobula (hay-scented fern) can act as a native invasive species in forests in eastern North America where prolonged deer browsing occurs in stands with partially open overstory canopies. Ferns dominate the understory with a 60-cm tall canopy, with little regeneration of native tree species. It has been hypothesized that, once established, ferns may continue to inhibit tree regeneration after deer browsing has been reduced. To test this hypothesis, we documented the pattern of recovery of the tree seedling understory in plantations of Pinus strobus (white pine) and Pinus resinosa (red pine) on the Quabbin Reservation watershed protection forest in central Massachusetts, where after 40 years of intensive deer browsing the deer herd was rapidly reduced through controlled hunting. Dense fern understories occur on nearly 4,000 ha of the predominantly oak-pine forest. Three years after deer herd reduction, stands with the highest density fern cover (77% of plots with >90% cover) had significantly fewer seedlings at least 30 cm in height, compared with stands with lower fern density, and those seedlings consisted almost entirely of Betula lenta (black birch) and white pine. Height growth analysis showed that black birch and white pine grew above the height of the fern canopy in 3 and 6 years, respectively. In contrast, two common species, Fraxinus americana (white ash) and Quercus rubra (red oak), grew beneath the dense fern cover for 5 years with height growth less than 5 cm/yr after the first year. A study of spring phenology indicated that the ability of black birch to grow through the fern canopy might have been due to its early leaf development in spring before the fern canopy was formed, in contrast to oak and ash with delayed leaf development. Thus, the ferns showed differential interference among species with seedling development after reduction of deer browse.
Competition, facilitation, and compensation for insect herbivory in an annual salt marsh forb

Herbivore impacts on plants are predicted to be greatest in competitive and stressful environments. Plant neighbors can exert strong facilitative as well as competitive effects, however, and facilitation is often mediated through the reduction of environmental stresses. Thus, neighbors may simultaneously increase plant compensation for herbivory, by reducing environmental stress, and reduce compensation by competing for resources. To determine whether aboveground competition and facilitation influence the ability of an annual forb, Atriplex patula var. hastata, to compensate for herbivory, I performed a field experiment in which the presence of insect herbivores and plant neighbors were manipulated in a factorial design. The neighbor treatments included removal of dominant rushes (cleared), rushes left intact (vegetated), and rush removal plus reduction of environmental stress by shading of the soil surface (buffered). In cleared treatments, herbivory reduced survival by almost 50% and reproduction by 37%. In contrast herbivory had no significant effects on plant survival or reproductive output in buffered treatments. Thus, facilitation through soil shading increased plant compensation for herbivory. However, herbivores also strongly reduced fruit production (45%) in vegetated treatments, suggesting that competition magnifies herbivore impacts. The results demonstrate that neighboring plants can simultaneously increase and decrease plant tolerance to herbivory.
What are the Principles of “Principles of Management”?

In this article the authors examine how the principals of management are taught in business schools and discuss what the central ideas of these principals should be. They note that principals in any subject area are determined by what the authors of textbooks say they are and that courses are designed by organizing themes around the topics deemed most important. To determine what is considered most important the authors examined how frequently a topic was brought up in textbooks as well as how many pages were devoted to the topic. They discuss the results of their findings, noting that topics such as environment, planning, organization principals, organization theories and leadership all appeared frequently. They provide charts of their findings and discuss areas of future research.
Child maltreatment rates assessed in a national household survey of caregivers and youth

This paper reports on national estimates for past year child maltreatment from a national household survey conducted in 2011. It also discusses the validity of such estimates in light of other available epidemiology. The Second National Survey of Children Exposed to Violence obtained rates based on 4,503 children and youth from interviews with caregivers about the children ages 0-9 and with the youth themselves for ages 10-17. The past year rates for physical abuse by caregivers were 4.0% for all sample children, emotional abuse by caregivers 5.6%, sexual abuse by caregivers 0.1%, sexual abuse by caregivers and non-caregivers 2.2%, neglect 4.7% and custodial interference 1.2%. Overall, 12.1% of the sample experienced at least one of these forms of maltreatment. Twenty-three percent of the maltreated children or 2.8% of the full sample experienced 2 or more forms of maltreatment. Some authority (teacher, police, medical personnel or counselor) was aware of considerable portions of most maltreatment, which suggests the potential for intervention. Many of the study's estimates were reasonable in light of other child maltreatment epidemiological studies, but comparisons about emotional abuse and neglect were problematic because of ambiguity about definitions.
Complete noise analysis for CMOS switching mixers via stochastic differential equations

A complete analysis of noise in CMOS switching mixers using stochastic differential equations (SDE) is presented. The noise figure is calculated using this analysis which takes both cyclostationary noise sources and capacitive high frequency effects into account. The analysis leads to important design implications for mixer design and shows that some commonly-used approximations for mixer noise calculations can be misleading in certain cases even at low frequencies. It is demonstrated that there is an optimum value for the load capacitor leading to minimum noise figure and maximum conversion gain for the mixer.
Sampling Based Meta-algorithms for Accurate Multiple Sequence Alignment

The problem of multiple sequence alignment (MSA) in biology has been studied extensively. In this paper we offer sampling based algorithms for MSA that are more accurate than existing algorithms. The performance of our algorithms has been evaluated using the standard BaliBase dataset [10]. We are able to improve the average alignment SP score for ClustalW [9] and MAFFT [6] by 16.39% and 12.2 %, respectively and the TC score by 55.4% and 46.9%, respectively using sampling. Given that ClustalW and MAFFT are some of the most accurate algorithms for MSA currently and are widely used, our algorithms would be of interest to biologists.
Nomogram for the Evaluation of Blackbody Radiancy and of Peak and Total Intensities for Spectral Lines with Doppler Contour

A nomogram has been constructed for the determination of blackbody radiancy and of peak and total intensities for spectral lines with Doppler contour. The basic equations used for the construction of the nomogram and the use of the nomogram are described briefly. A method is outlined for determining absolute values of total intensities for spectral lines with combined Doppler and resonance contour by using the nomogram in conjunction with the “curves of growth.”
Adaptive run-length/Golomb-Rice encoding of quantized generalized Gaussian sources with unknown statistics

We present a simple and efficient entropy coder that combines run-length and Golomb-Rice encoders. The encoder automatically switches between the two modes according to simple rules that adjust the encoding parameters based on the previous output codeword, and the decoder tracks such changes. This adaptive run-length/Golomb-Rice (RLGR) coder has a fast learning rate, making it suitable for many practical applications, which usually involve encoding small source blocks. We study the encoding of generalized Gaussian (GG) sources after quantization with uniform scalar quantizers with deadzone, which are good source models in multimedia data compression, for example. We show that, for a wide range of source parameters, the RLGR encoder has a performance close to that of the optimal Golomb-Rice and exp-Golomb coders designed with knowledge of the source statistics, and in some cases the RLGR coder improves coding efficiency by 20% or more.
Impact of health information technology interventions to improve medication laboratory monitoring for ambulatory patients: a systematic review

Medication errors are a major source of morbidity and mortality. Inadequate laboratory monitoring of high-risk medications after initial prescription is a medical error that contributes to preventable adverse drug events. Health information technology (HIT)-based clinical decision support may improve patient safety by improving the laboratory monitoring of high-risk medications, but the effectiveness of such interventions is unclear. Therefore, the authors conducted a systematic review to identify studies that evaluate the independent effect of HIT interventions on improving laboratory monitoring for highrisk medications in the ambulatory setting using a Medline search from January 1, 1980 through January 1, 2009 and a manual review of relevant bibliographies. All anticoagulation monitoring studies were excluded. Eight articles met the inclusion criteria, including six randomized controlled trials and two preepost intervention studies. Six of the studies were conducted in two large, integrated healthcare delivery systems in the USA. Overall, five of the eight studies reported statistically significant, but small, improvements in laboratory monitoring; only half of the randomized controlled trials reported statistically significant improvements. Studies that found no improvement were more likely to have used analytic strategies that addressed clustering and confounding. Whether HIT improves laboratory monitoring of certain high-risk medications for ambulatory patients remains unclear, and further research is needed to clarify this important question.
Multiagent metareasoning through organizational design (extended abstract)

We describe an approach to multiagent metareasoning that uses organizational design to focus each agent's reasoning on the aspects of its local problem to which it can make the most worthwhile contributions to joint behavior. We summarize an organizational design problem that explicitly considers the quantitative impact that a design has on both the quality of the agents' behaviors and their reasoning costs. We overview an automated organizational design process that can approximately solve our design problem via incremental search, and outline techniques that efficiently estimate the incremental impact of a candidate organizational influence.
An Attempt to Reactivate Mercuric Bichloride Inactivated Vaccinia Virus

A property common to many enzymes1, 2 is the ease with which mercury bichloride inactivation may be quantitatively reversed. Such reactivation after bichloride inactivation has also been demonstrated with bacteriophage3, 4 and since some workers have postulated an analogy between phage and viruses the following experiments were undertaken to determine whether or not bichloride inactivated vaccinia virus could be reactivated.The least amount of mercury bichloride which would extinguish the reaction of the viruses in rabbit skin was first determined. A calf-skin strain (dermovaccine) and a rabbit-brain strain (neurolapine) of virus were used. Heated and unheated virus-saline mixtures were used as controls. Portions of a 1–500 suspension of the viruses (known to be active in a 1–1,000 suspension) were exposed to equal amounts of various mercury bichloride dilutions for 24 hours at room temperature. One-tenth cubic centimeter of each virus-bichloride or virus-saline mixture was injected intradermally into cor...
Attractiveness of Glandular and Simple-Haired Medicago Clones with Different Degrees of Resistance to the Alfalfa Seed Chalcid (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) Tested in an Olfactometer

Olfactory behavior of the alfalfa seed chalcid, Bruchophagus roddi Guss., was studied using a Y-tube olfactometer. Leaves, flowers, and pods of glandular and simpled-haired Medicago clones with varying seed chalcid resistance were tested. Pods were tested at days 5 to 12 after pollination. Of the plant parts tested, only pods were attractive to the seed chalcids. Attractiveness varied with pod age. Pod aroma stimulated seed chalcid movement to the pods but was not significantly related to resistance or to hair type. Both simple and glandular-haired clones (susceptible and resistant) were attractive for variable periods. Our observations suggest that chemical and mechanical tactile cues are used by the chalcid to select oviposition sites; thus, the use of an olfactometer to screen Medicago lines for seed chalcid resistance is not recommended.
Obesity stigmatization and coping: Relation to mental health symptoms, body image, and self-esteem.

OBJECTIVE: To create inventories of stigmatizing situations faced by obese people and ways of coping with stigmatization, and to examine how stigma and coping are related to psychological distress in an obese patient population. DESIGN: Study 1: Items were generated by asking obese people to list stigmatizing situations they had encountered and their ways of coping. Study 2: Obese patients were surveyed about the frequency with which they encountered each form of stigmatization and employed each form of coping. Cross-sectional data on current psychological adjustment were obtained. SUBJECTS: Study 1: 63 obese patients (body mass index, BMI>40 kg/m2); 38 obese non-patients, seven professionals who work with obese patients and 32 obese female authors from the print media. Study 2: 112 gastric bypass patients (BMI 33.9–80.9 kg/m2) and 34 less obese patients (BMI 27.1–57.2 kg/m2). MEASUREMENT: Study 1: Collection of stigmatizing situations and coping responses. Study 2: Frequency of stigmatizing experiences and coping responses, psychological symptoms, body image, and self esteem measures. RESULTS: Study 1 resulted in two objective questionnaires, consisting of 50 situations and 99 responses. Study 2 found that stigmatization is a common experience, and that obese subjects frequently engage in some effort to cope with stigma. More frequent exposure to stigmatization was associated with greater psychological distress, more attempts to cope, and more severe obesity. Certain coping strategies are associated with greater distress.
Coinfections: Another Variable in the Herpesvirus Latency-Reactivation Dynamic

Chronic viruses, such as herpesviruses, shape host physiology. These viruses modulate the inflammatory state of the immune system and have evolved to harness inflammation as a mechanism to regulate viral latency and reactivation. In this review, I examine some of the recent work demonstrating the important role of inflammation in the regulation of the herpesvirus life cycle and discuss recent work that implicates coinfection in the regulation of herpesvirus latency.
"Not Fade Away": The Narrative of Venture Smith, an African American in the Early Republic

arena created by one's ancestors." If, as a Mande proverb maintains, "the hero is but welcome on troubled days," certainly late-eighteenth-century AfroNew Englanders should have welcomed one with open arms. And if, as Shane White recently observed, much surviving northern black folklore concerns the black kings and governors, any reaction by Smith to his non-election would make sense coming from a man out to secure enduring famein the Mande sense or