cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teacher Shortages and Cultural Mismatch: District and University Collaboration for Recruiting.

U.S. schools are facing chronic shortages of qualified teachers, resulting in the hiring of unqualified teachers who are disproportionately assigned to disadvantaged students. Further, changing demographics are resulting in racial/ethnic and cultural mismatch between teachers and students they serve, causing additional educational problems. This solution to the shortage and mismatch lies in attracting more students to teacher preparation programs, especially culturally and racially/ethnically diverse students. This study describes the collaboration between a university and school districts to offer dual enrollment courses and a summer camp for high school students considering teaching careers. Study results suggest early exposure to teaching experiences positively influence high school students’ perceptions of teaching as a career. Impact on participants and implications for teacher recruitment are discussed.
Transnational identities in the Canadian context: Kurdish refugee youth as actors and citizens

This study explores the circumstances of Kurdish refugee youth in Canada. Using a critical ethnographic approach, I interviewed twenty young people, aged 15–30, to examine their transnational ident...
Do Energy Oscillations Degrade the Energy Transfer in Electrical Systems

The views that the energy oscillations between supply sources and loads are responsible for the degradation of the effectiveness of the energy transfer are very common in the power engineering community. A suggestion by the Instantaneous Reactive Power p-q Theory that such oscillations should be removed by a compensator, can result in an erroneous control of switching compensators. The paper shows that energy oscillations do not affect the energy transfer effectiveness, however. The roots of this major misinterpretation are discussed as well. The physical meaning of the reactive power is also investigated in the paper, with the conclusion that there is no physical phenomenon that could be described in terms of the reactive power.
Is There a Link between Nursing Home Reported Quality and COVID-19 Cases? Evidence from California Skilled Nursing Facilities.

Abstract Objectives During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in the United States, nursing homes became the hotbed for the spread of COVID-19. States developed different policies to mitigate the COVID-19 risks at nursing homes, including limiting nursing home visitation and mandating staff screening. The purpose of this study is to examine whether COVID-19 cases and deaths are related to the nursing home reported quality. Design We combined the COVID-19 data reported by the California Department of Public Health, quality ratings provided by Nursing Home Compare, and patient racial information from Long-Term Care Focus to examine the association between nursing home reported quality and COVID-19 cases and deaths. Settings and Participants Cross-sectional data from 1223 California skilled nursing facilities with reported quality and longitudinal data of COVID-19 cases were used. Methods The dependent variable is COVID-19 residents’ cases and deaths. The main independent variable is nursing home reported quality. Nursing home ownership, size, years of operation, and patient race composition are also included. Results Nursing home star ratings and greater percentage of residents from different racial and ethnicity groups were significantly (P Conclusions and Implications Nursing homes with 5-star ratings were less likely to have COVID-19 cases and deaths after adjusting for nursing home size and patient race proportion.
Crackpot or Genius? Canada Steps onto the World Stage as a Democratic Innovator

Concluding remarks by J.H. Snider, a Fellow at the Kennedy School of Government and President of iSolon.org, delivered to Harvard University Canada Program’s Conference on Comparing the Democratic Deficit in Canada and the United States: Defining, Measuring, and Fixing, Cambridge, Massachusetts, May 10, 2008. The remarks divide the substance of the conference into three categories: Democratic Deficits, Reforms to Fix the Democratic Deficits, and Reforms to Reform the Process of Fixing the Democratic Deficits. Canada's great democratic innovation, the creation of citizens assemblies on electoral reform, fits in this third category, Reforms to Reform the Process of Fixing the Democratic Deficits.
The Transfer Experience: A Handbook for Creating a more Equitable and Successful Postsecondary System

The transfer experience: A handbook for creating a more equitable and successful postsecondary system, edited by Gardner, Rosenberg, and Koch, offers a timely and much-needed call to action for a r...
Differences in the Acute Pulmonary Vascular Effects of Oxygen with Nitric Oxide and Diltiazem: Implications for the Long-term Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Objective. Right heart catheterization is performed in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension to determine the severity of disease and their pulmonary vascular reactivity. This study sought to determine whether the acute pulmonary vasodilatory effects of diltiazem and oxygen with nitric oxide are similar enough to support the practice of using nitric oxide as a surrogate agent to identify patients to treat with an oral calcium channel blocker alone. Design. Retrospective descriptive study. Setting. A tertiary medical center for children. Patients. Twenty-four individuals (7 months to 17 years of age) with pulmonary arterial hypertension who met criteria for a favorable acute pulmonary vasodilatory response to oxygen with nitric oxide, and were also evaluated with intravenous diltiazem. Interventions. Right heart catheterization and an evaluation of pulmonary vascular reactivity. Outcome Measures. The pulmonary vasodilatory effects of oxygen, oxygen with nitric oxide, and intravenous diltiazem; and the need for medications other than amlodipine to decrease long-term pulmonary arterial pressure. Results. Oxygen, oxygen with nitric oxide, and diltiazem acutely decreased pulmonary arterial pressure. Diltiazem also decreased systemic arterial pressure. A lower mean pulmonary arterial pressure was achieved with oxygen and nitric oxide than with diltiazem (30 ± 2 mm Hg vs. 39 ± 3 mm Hg, P < .05). Half of the patients who were treated long term with amlodipine alone failed to develop a long-term 20% decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure and were treated with additional medications. Conclusions. The combination of oxygen and nitric oxide decreased pulmonary arterial pressure more than a dose of intravenous diltiazem that was large enough to decrease systemic arterial pressure. Oxygen and nitric oxide may identify patients who can be treated safely with a calcium channel blocker; however, they should not be used as surrogates to identify patients to treat with a calcium channel blocker alone.
Stress-induced pseudoelasticity in ternary Cu-Zn based beta prime phase alloys

“Pseudo” elastic strains up to approximately 15 pct have been observed in ternary Cu-Zn-Si and Cu-Zn-Sn β′ phase alloys during loading in tension, compression, or bending. Metallographic observations and mechanical property studies have shown that the unusually large elastic strains occur by means of a stress-induced martensite, transformation. The relationship between spontaneous martensite and stress-induced martensite is discussed. The influence of temperature, composition, plastic flow stress, and elastic modulus upon the transformation induced pseudoelasticity are discussed.
Chromosomal lesion suppression and removal in Escherichia coli via linear DNA degradation.

RecBCD is a DNA helicase/exonuclease implicated in degradation of foreign linear DNA and in RecA-dependent recombinational repair of chromosomal lesions in E. coli . The low viability of recA recBC mutants vs. recA mutants indicates the existence of RecA-independent roles for RecBCD. To distinguish among possible RecA-independent roles of the RecBCD enzyme in replication, repair, and DNA degradation, we introduced wild-type and mutant combinations of the recBCD chromosomal region on a low-copy-number plasmid into a Δ recA Δ recBCD mutant and determined the viability of resulting strains. Our results argue against ideas that RecBCD is a structural element in the replication factory or is involved in RecA-independent repair of chromosomal lesions. We found that RecBCD-catalyzed DNA degradation is the only activity important for the recA -independent viability, suggesting that degradation of linear tails of σ-replicating chromosomes could be one of the RecBCD’s roles. However, since the weaker DNA degradation capacity due a combination of the RecBC helicase and ssDNA-specific exonucleases restores viability of the Δ recA Δ recBCD mutant to a significant extent, we favor suppression of chromosomal lesions via linear DNA degradation at reversed replication forks as the major RecA-independent role of the RecBCD enzyme.
Reconfigurable video tracker

Reconfigurable computing using SRAM-based field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) can achieve significant computational performance advantage over conventional programmable processors. Since FPGAs can be customized, reconfigurable computers can provide optimal logic-circuitry for distinct phases of an application resulting in superior performance compared to generic multi-purpose hardware implementations. This performance improvement can be accomplished by reallocating logic resources to address the critical task at-hand. Consequently, not only can reconfigurable processors provide higher performance than programmable processors; they also enable common module architectures useful for multiple application or programs. In this paper, we will describe a fielded, ruggedized, fully programmable, single card, image-based tracking system using a reconfigurable computing module. The reconfigurable computing board contains multiple FPGAs, which can be customized at-request by loading configuration data from the host processor to the module over the Peripheral Component Interface (PCI) bus. Configurations can be selectively loaded to a specific FPGA or multiple configurations can be loaded simultaneously to different devices. This system provides multiple video tracking algorithms, automatic and manual target acquisition, RS-170 video input/output, and command/data I/O on a single 6U VME format card. While the initial application for this reconfigurable system was image-based target tracking, its hardware reconfigurability allows it to be applied to a wide variety of image and signal processing applications, such as automatic target recognition, IR search and track, and image enhancement.
Pasternack's Paraffin Method Modified for Plant Tissue

This method for preparing paraffin sections of plant material is a modification of Pasternack's one-hour method for animal tissues. Fixation in Randolph's CRAF fixative is hastened by heat and increased vapor pressure obtained by the use of screw top vials. Dehydration with Zirkle's butyl alcohol series likewise is hastened in the same manner. The rapid penetration of paraffin by the use of 1/2 paraffin and 1/2 butyl alcohol in heated screw top vials shortens the embedding process. Sections are held on the slide thru staining by albumen fixative and a coating of 0.2% celloidin in absolute alcohol and ether. Good penetration with freedom from shrinkage or distortion is obtained and root tip chromosome counts can be made in approximately 3 hours.
Wavelet image processor for pattern recognition and feature extraction

Recently there has been a great deal of interest in the optical implementation of wavelet transforms for image processing. In this paper, we discuss applications of the wavelet transform to image analysis, rotation and scale invariance, and pattern recognition in the presence of background noise. We describe a method for scale and rotation invariant pattern recognition based on wavelet features of an image. Finally, we give an example of using discrete wavelet filters to extract information from an image.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Susceptibility of Cadra cautella and Plodia interpunctella to Bacillus thuringiensis on Wheat

Doses of 25 and 150 mg/kg of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner controlled 1st instar and mature larvae, respectively, of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), and the almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker), in wheat. No difference in susceptibility, measured by adult emergence, was observed between the 2 species.
The mechanism of the bidirectional regulation of the rat α-fetoprotein gene by glucocorticoid hormone

Abstract pAFP-CAT, a recombinant plasmid containing 5'-flanking sequence from -7 kb to + 7 bp of rat a-fetoprotein (AFP) gene can drive the expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in McA-RH7777 and McA-RH8994 rat hepatoma cell lines. Dexamethasone treatment suppresses pAFP-CAT expression in McA-RH7777 cells but increases its expression in McA-RH8994 cells, which mimics the dexamethasone responses of the endogenous AFP gene in both cell lines. However, dexamethasone treatment enhanced pMMTV-CAT expression in both cell lines. These data suggest that the effects of dexamethasone on AFP gene expression may be mediated by different trans -acting factors binding to the specific cis -elements of the 5 '-flanking region of the rat AFP gene.
Effects and Mechanisms of Chromium on Structural Transformation of Heavy Rail Steel

The different dilatometric curves of continuous cooling transformation with the different cooling rates were determined by means of Gleeble-2000 thermal simulation machine. The CCT curve of heavy rail steel was obtained by measuring the dilatometric curves and metallographic analysis. And the effects and mechanisms of chromium on the phases transformation of heavy rail steel were investigated. It is found that, the heavy rail steel only takes place pearlite and martensite transformation during continuous cooling. The CCT curve of heavy rail steel is moved right with increasing chromium content, which indicates that chromium can obviously improve the stability of super cooled austenite and delay the pearlite transformation. When the content of chromium is increased from 0.21% to 0.40%, the shortest incubation time of pearlite transformation is increased from 25s to 52s. When the cooling rate ≤ 5°C s-1, with increasing chromium content, both starting and finishing temperatures of pearlite transformation are decreased at different extent, meanwhile the pearlite is refined. In addition, when the content of chromium is increased from 0.21% to 0.40%, the critical cooling rate of quenching is decreased from 15°C s-1 to 7°C s-1.
Torque Capabilities of the Elderly in Opening Screw Top Containers

This study examines the effects of container lid variables on counter-clockwise (opening) torque on circular lids in the elderly population. Forty-two subjects between the ages of 60–97 performed m...
Golgi/granule processing of peptide hormone and neuropeptide precursors: a minireview

Proteolytic processing of precursor proteins is a phylogenetically ancient and widely used mechanism for producing biologically active peptides. Proteolytic cleavage of proproteins begins only after transport to the Golgi apparatus has been completed and in most systems may continue for many hours within newly formed secretory vesicles as these are stored in the cytosol or transported along axons to more peripheral sites of release. Paired basic residues are required for efficient proteolysis in most precursors, suggesting that a small number of specialized tryptic proteases exist that have great site selectivity but can process many sites within the same precursor or in different precursors within the same cell, or in different cells or tissues. Cleavage-site choice may be strongly influenced by other factors, such as secondary and tertiary structure, but definitive structural information on precursor proteins is lacking. Modifications such as glycosylation, phosphorylation, and sulfation also are Golgi associated but are not known to influence proteolytic processing patterns. Golgi/granule processing also rarely occurs at sites other than pairs of basic amino acids, including single basic residues ( trypsinlike ), Leu-Ala, Leu-Ser, or Tyr-Ala bonds ( chymotrysinlike ) as well as other specialized nontryptic cleavages, suggesting that mixtures of proteases coexist in the Golgi/granule system. Cathepsin B-like thiol proteases, or their precursors, have been implicated as the major processing endopeptidases in several systems. Carboxypeptidase B-like enzymes also have been identified in secretion granules in several tissues and appear to be metalloenzymes similar in mechanism to the pancreatic carboxypeptidases, but with a lower pH optimum. The role of the Golgi apparatus in sorting newly formed secreted products from lysosomal hydrolases may have permitted the development in evolution of an intimate relationship between certain of the lysosomal degradative enzymes, such as cathepsin B or its precursors, and the Golgi/granule processing systems. The sequestration of the proteolytic products of precursors within secretion granules leads to the coordinate discharge of highly complex mixtures of peptides having related or overlapping biological activities. The cosecretion of nonfunctional peptide " leftovers ," such as the proinsulin C-peptide, can serve as useful markers of secretion or cellular localization, as well as of evolutionary relation ships. Errors in cleavage due to point mutations in precursors have been identified in several systems, leading to the accumulation of incorrectly processed materials in the circulation. These and/or defects (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Venous Congestion and Endothelial Cell Activation in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

Despite accumulating clinical evidence supporting a key role for venous congestion in the development of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), there remain several gaps in our knowledge of the pathophysiology of ADHF. Specifically, the biomechanically driven effects of venous congestion on the vascular endothelium (the largest endocrine/paracrine organ of the body), on neurohormonal activation, and on renal and cardiac dysfunction remain largely unexplored. We propose that venous congestion is a fundamental, hemodynamic stimulus for vascular inflammation, which plays a key role in the development and possibly the resolution of ADHF through vascular, humoral, renal, and cardiac mechanisms. A better understanding of the role of venous congestion and endothelial activation in the pathophysiology of ADHF may provide a strong rationale for near-future testing of treatment strategies that target biomechanically driven inflammation. Targeting vascular and systemic inflammation before symptoms arise may prevent progression to overt clinical decompensation in the ADHF syndrome.
Pneumonia in pregnancy

Pneumonia occurs in the pregnant population with a frequency equal to that in the general population.However, its course is often more virulent, and mortality rates from certain pathogens may be high. The pregnant woman is more susceptible to injury to the respiratory tract due to a number of factors. These include alterations in the immune system which involve cell-mediated immunity and mechanical and anatomical changes involving the chest and abdominal cavities. The cumulative effect is decreased tolerance of hypoxia and acute changes in pulmonary mechanics. The spectrum of pathogens is similar to that for nonpregnant individuals, and the management of pneumonia in pregnancy does not differ in general from the nonpregnant state. However, careful attention should be paid to the fetoplacental unit with delivery generally indicated for obstetric purposes only. Issues that also need to be addressed include effects of certain infections, medications, fever, and hypoxia on the developing fetus.
Atomic structure of a {110} surface of the FeRh alloy

The atomic structure of a {110} surface of the ordered binary alloy FeRh is studied with quantitative low-energy electron diffraction. The structure of a surface with stoichiometric composition is found to be bulklike $(1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1),$ but with a pronounced buckling, the Fe subplane being raised 0.15 \AA{} over the Rh subplane of the first layer, and the first interlayer spacing, measured from the Rh subplane of the first to the (bulklike and planar) second atomic layer, is contracted by 0.05 \AA{} (2.4%). Nonstoichiometric (probably Fe-poor) islands are found to have a reconstruction that may be labeled $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1$ when referred to the oblique unit mesh of FeRh{110}, but whose structure is unknown. A relation between specimen size and angular diffraction width is derived.
Empowerment praxis in community coalitions

Community coalitions address a wide variety of community problems, espousing a community development processes that promotes individual and collective self-determination. They offer a promising venue for the study of empowerment of individuals and organizations. This study utilizes data from members of 35 community coalitions organized for the prevention of alcohol and other drug problems to address the following questions: What individual characteristics are related to the psychological empowerment of coalition members? What organizational characteristics are related to the collective empowering of members? What organization characteristics are related to a coalition being organizationally empowered to succeed in achieving its objectives? At the individual level, psychological empowerment was most strongly related to individuals' participation levels, sense of community, and perceptions of a positive organizational climate. At the group level, the strongest predictors of collective empowering (our operationalization of the empowering organization) were net benefits of participation, commitment, and positive organization climate. Psychological empowerment and positive organizational climate were the two predictors of organizational effectiveness (the empowered organization). Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.
Activation of the HIV long terminal repeat and viral production by H2O2-vanadate

The long terminal repeat (LTR) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) contains sequences required for the initiation of gene transcription. Among the substances known to activate the HIV-1 LTR is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We report here that H2O2-induced activation of the LTR in the macrophage cell line THP-1 and the lymphocyte cell line, Jurkat, is greatly increased by vanadate. Activation of the LTR by phorbol myristate acetate, tumor necrosis factor alpha, lipopolysaccharide, or Staphylococcus epidermidis extract was not increased by vanadate, indicating some selectivity for H2O2. H2O2 and vanadate also acted synergistically to increase the production of HIV-1 virions by the latently infected macrophage cell line U-1 as determined by p24 antigen release and the detection of intact virions by electron microscopy. Effects were observed at H2O2 and vanadate concentrations down to 3 x 10(-6) M, with high concentrations leading to cell toxicity. Catalase was strongly inhibitory when added prior to the interaction of H2O2 and vanadate, but was considerably less inhibitory when the H2O2 and vanadate were allowed to preincubate prior to the catalase addition. H2O2 reacts with vanadate to form peroxides of vanadate that have potent biological effects. Our findings suggest that among these is the activation of the HIV-1 LTR.
Wavelet solutions for the Dirichlet problem

A modified classical penalty method for solving a Dirichlet boundary value problem is presented. This new fictitious domain penalty method eliminates the traditional need of generating a complex computation grid in the case of irregular domains. It is based on the fact that one can expand the boundary measure under the chosen basis which leads to a fast, approximate calculation of boundary integral. The compact support and orthonormality of the basis are essential for representing the boundary measure numerically, and therefore for implementing this methodology.
Chronic ethanol consumption increases dopamine uptake in the nucleus accumbens of high alcohol drinking rats.

Abstract Past research has indicated that chronic ethanol exposure enhances dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in several brain regions. The present study examined the effects of chronic ethanol drinking on dopamine transporter (DAT) function in the nucleus accumbens (Acb) of High-Alcohol-Drinking replicate line 1 (HAD-1) rats. HAD rats were given concurrent 24-h access to 15% ethanol and water or water alone for 8 weeks. Subsequently, DA uptake and the V max of the DAT were compared between the two groups using homogenates of the nucleus accumbens. DA uptake was measured following a 2min incubation at 37°C in the presence of 8nM [ 3 H]DA. For kinetic analyses, DA uptake was assessed in the presence of 5 concentrations of [ 3 H]DA ranging from 8nM to 500nM. Analyses of the data revealed a significant increase in DA uptake in the ethanol group compared to water controls. Kinetic analyses revealed the change in DA uptake to be a consequence of an increase in the V max of transport. These findings demonstrate that chronic free-choice oral ethanol consumption in HAD-1 female rats increases DA uptake in the Acb by increasing the V max of the transporter. However, it is not known whether the ethanol-induced change in V max is caused by differences in the actual number of available transporter sites or from a difference in the velocity of operation of a similar number of transporters. Overall, the data indicate that chronic ethanol consumption by HAD-1 rats produces prolonged neuroadaptations within the mesolimbic DA system, which may be important for the understanding of the neurobiological basis of alcoholism.
Effect of positive well-being on incidence of symptomatic coronary artery disease.

Although negative emotions and psychiatric morbidity have often been found to increase incident coronary artery disease (CAD) risk, fewer studies have shown positive emotions to be protective against CAD; none have been performed in high-risk healthy populations, taking risk factors into account. Thus, we examined the effect of positive well-being on incident CAD in both a high-risk initially healthy population and a national probability sample. We screened healthy siblings of probands with documented early-onset CAD from 1985 to 2007 in the GeneSTAR (Genetic Study of Atherosclerosis Risk) population and examined sociodemographic data, risk factors, and positive well-being using the General Well-Being Schedule. We further classified siblings into high-, intermediate-, and low-risk strata according to the Framingham risk score and followed them for 5 to 25 years. Siblings (n = 1,483) with greater baseline General Well-Being Schedule total scores were significantly less likely to develop CAD (hazard ratio 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.58 to 0.79), independent of age, gender, race, and traditional risk factors. Protection was strongest in the high Framingham risk score stratum (hazard ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.30 to 0.90). The findings were replicated in the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (n = 5,992; hazard ratio 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.83 to 0.93). In conclusion, positive well-being was associated with nearly a 1/3 reduction in CAD in a high-risk population with a positive family history, a nearly 50% reduction in incident CAD in the highest risk stratum in those with a positive family history, and a 13% reduction in incident CAD in a national probability sample, independent of the traditional CAD risk factors.
Electromagnetic scattering of hyperons

The interaction between the magnetic moment of a neutral hyperon and the charge of a nucleus causes large polarizations in small-angle scattering. The feasibility of using the effect to measure the magnetic moment is considered.
Theoretical modeling of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers pumped by the 800-nm band

Using an accurate and comprehensive computer model, we study the pump wavelength dependence of amplifier performance in the 800 nm band in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. A comparison is made for both forward and bidirectional pumping over a wide range of pump powers. It is shown that 800-810 nm pumping is more efficient if bidirectional pumping is used, while 810-820 nm pumping is more efficient if only forward pumping is carried out. As we show, this is due to the effects of excited state absorption (ESA), in the 800 nm pump band. In alumino-phosphate-silicate (APS) erbium-doped fiber amplifiers the detrimental effects of ESA can be reduced significantly by using bidirectional pumping. Further, if a “Band Optimum Length” (BOL) is selected, a near optimum small signal gain (SSG) can be constant over a broad pump wavelength region and this is due to the combined effects of ESA and ground state absorption (GSA). The results show that single-longitudinal-mode or multi-longitudinal-mode, high power, reliable and inexpensive GaAlAs laser diodes can be used as pumping sources for EDFAs having SSG > 40 dB, noise figures of < 4 dB and output signal powers approaching 100 mW and these could be used as line repeaters, preamplifiers and power amplifiers in different lightwave systems. We also analyze the performance that can be expected in fluorophosphate glass erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), with 800 nm band pumping. Due to the smaller excited state absorption, the fluorophosphate host glass shows about a 4-6 dB advantage in small signal gain (SSG) over alumino-silicate EDFAs with bidirectional pumping, and nearly double the output signal power for power amplifiers under similar conditions.
Increasing hyperpolarized spin lifetimes through true singlet eigenstates.

The sensitivity limitations for magnetic resonance imaging of organic molecules have recently been addressed by hyperpolarization methods, which prepare excess nuclear spin polarization. This approach can increase sensitivity by orders of magnitude, but the enhanced signal relaxes away in tens of seconds, even in favorable cases. Here we show theoretically that singlet states between strongly coupled spins in molecules can be used to store and retrieve population in very-long-lived disconnected eigenstates, as long as the coupling between the spins substantially exceeds both the couplings to other spins and the resonance frequency difference between them. Experimentally, 2,3-carbon-13–labeled diacetyl has a disconnected eigenstate that can store population for minutes and is read out by hydration to make the two spins inequivalent.
An argument for nonadversarial argumentation: on the relevance of the feminist critique of academic discourse to L2 writing pedagogy

Abstract The feminist critique of academic discourse has begun to heighten awareness of the agonistic, competitive nature of much academic writing in English. This article considers what the implications of this gendered discoursal consciousness may be for L2 writing educators, both as teachers and as academic writers themselves. Vignettes of two L2 writers who have successfully negotiated nonadversarial academic texts are presented and discussed. Finally, guideposts for a nonadversarial model of academic discourse are suggested.
Comparison of population structure in Ohio's late archaic and late prehistoric periods.

Previous studies of population structure among prehistoric groups in the Ohio valley region have shown that hunting-gathering populations exhibited a different structure than horticultural populations. Among both Late Archaic hunter-gatherers and Late Prehistoric horticulturists, covariance structures for cranial metrics were found to be homogenous within the populations, but the Late Archaic subpopulations showed little differentiation while the Late Prehistoric subpopulations exhibited a marked differentiation. Biodistance based on cranial discrete trait frequency showed similar patterns, but in the Late Archaic discrete trait distance was associated significantly with the geographical distance separating populations. The present investigation is an extension of the previous studies increasing the Late Prehistoric sample (n = 8 samples and n = 341 individuals) and using the Harpending-Ward model, modified for use with multivariate quantitative data, to estimate the effects of differential gene flow and the amount of differentiation within populations. Results of the present analyses indicate that differentiation among subpopulations, measured by minimum FST, was greater in the Late Prehistoric compared to the Late Archaic period. However, for both periods the minimum FST is comparable to values found for historic native populations of the northeast woodlands. Analysis of differential gene flow in the Late Archaic period indicates that geographically peripheral populations were affected more by external gene flow than more central populations. Late Prehistoric populations exhibit a very complex pattern of differential gene flow. We discuss the latter pattern in terms of proposed culture change in the Late Prehistoric period of Ohio. Am J Phys Anthropol 112:363–376, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Enhanced Endothelium-Dependent Relaxations After Gene Transfer of Recombinant Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase to Rabbit Carotid Arteries

Abstract We tested the effects of overexpression of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene in the normal arterial wall by adenoviral-mediated gene transfer. Rabbit carotid arteries were surgically isolated and exposed to adenoviral vectors encoding eNOS (AdeNOS) or β-galactosidase (AdβGal) on the contralateral side. Vector solutions at a concentration of 1×10 10 plaque forming units/mL were instilled for 20 minutes before restoration of flow. Arteries were harvested 4 days later for immunostaining, measurement of cGMP, and vasomotor studies. Endothelium-specific gene transfer was confirmed by staining for β-galactosidase in the AdβGal arteries. Immunostaining of en face endothelial cell imprints from AdeNOS-transduced arteries with a monoclonal antibody to eNOS showed increased immunoreactivity. Basal cGMP levels were significantly greater in the AdeNOS-transduced arteries (18.4±4.6 versus 4.2±0.5 pmol/mg protein; P P N G -monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA, 3×10 −4 mol/L), there was no difference between the two (area under curve, 148±5 versus 153±6; P =NS). Relaxations to acetylcholine obtained during submaximal contractions to phenylephrine were significantly enhanced in the AdeNOS-transduced arteries (EC 50 , 7.45±0.05 versus 7.23±0.03; P
Listening to the Voice of/as the Other: Friedrich Hölderlin and the Deconstruction of the “German Nation”

(2001). Listening to the Voice of/as the Other: Friedrich Holderlin and the Deconstruction of the “German Nation”. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 234-253.
Differential effects of donor T-cell cytokines on outcome with continuous bortezomib administration after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Dissociating graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect from acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) still remains a great challenge in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, has shown impressive efficacy as a single agent in patients with hematologic malignancies but can result in toxicity when administered late after allogeneic transplantation in murine models of GVHD. In the current study, the effects of T-cell subsets and their associated cytokines on the efficacy of bortezomib in murine allogeneic BMT were investigated. Increased levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interferon-γ (IFNγ) were observed after allo-BMT and continuous bortezomib administration. Bortezomib-induced GVHD-dependent mortality was preventable by depletion of CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells from the donor graft. The improved survival correlated with markedly reduced serum TNFα but not IFNγ levels. Transfer of Tnf−/− T cells also protected recipients from bortezomib-induced GVHD-dependent toxicity. Importantly, prolonged administration of bortezomib after transplantation of purified CD8+ T cells resulted in enhanced GVT response, which was dependent on donor CD8+ T cell–derived IFNγ. These results indicate that decreased toxicity and increased efficacy of bortezomib in murine allo-BMT can be achieved by removal of CD4+ T cells from the graft or by inhibiting TNFα.
Novel Expression of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (CD106) by Squamous Epithelium in Experimental Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease

Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1; CD106), the receptor for VLA-4, is an important mediator of adhesive and co-stimulatory interactions that govern cutaneous immune responses. Initial studies designed to elucidate temporal aspects of endothelial adhesion molecule induction in murine acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) revealed unexpected and novel VCAM-1 expression by cutaneous and mucosal epithelial cells. Immunohistochemical techniques confirmed VCAM-1 staining as early as 7 days after transplantation in a distinctive subpopulation of squamous epithelial cells that normally occupy focal domains within the epidermal basal cell layer, the follicular infundibulum, and the dorsal lingual epithelium. Specifically, VCAM-1 expression was intimately associated with rete ridge-like prominences in footpad epidermis and in dorsal lingual epithelium. VCAM-1, as evaluated by serial section-labeling techniques, was preferentially expressed at sites of early epithelial infiltration by CD4+ T cells. Western blot analysis confirmed expression of the 110-kd isoform of VCAM-1 in epithelium isolated from aGVHD animals, and immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated VCAM-1 reactivity restricted exclusively to epithelial cell plasma membranes. It is concluded that VCAM-1 is selectively expressed by discrete squamous epithelial subpopulations in murine aGVHD. As such, VCAM-1 may play a previously unrecognized role in mediating interactions between donor effector T lymphocytes and host epithelial cell targets.
Elcetromagnetic mixing effects in elementary-particle physics

A detailed study is made of the electro-magnetic mixing of particle pairs having similar quantum numbers except for their isotopic spins. The formulae are applied to theρ, ω pair for which there is preliminary evidence that such effects exist and are important.
Economic assessment of the explicit representation of ramping requirements on conventional generators in systems with integrated intermittent resources

As the penetration of wind and solar resources deepens, grid operators must deal with increasing levels of variability and intermittency. While it becomes necessary to increase the reserves requirements to effectively manage such a resource mix, the speed at which the reserves can respond becomes of critical importance. Renewable resource power outputs - such as those of wind units - can change rapidly and grid operators need to ensure that the market outcomes produce resource dispatches that not only meet the load but are capable also to respond to any changes due to such variability that may occur within the hour of the corresponding market outcomes. We study to what extent the units that are able to provide the reserves can - based on their respective up-and-down ramping capabilities - appropriately respond to the variability in the loads and renewable resource outputs within the specified response time. We impose these requirements on the total ramping capabilities and introduce appropriate constraints in the market clearing formulation. We investigate the impacts on the resulting market dispatch outcomes and assess the economic costs over longer periods of operation. We illustrate the proposed approach with case studies in which we quantify the impacts of the incorporation of such ramping capability constraints to markets with real-sized power systems and evaluate the economics of the changes in the market outcomes.
Recognition of model DNA replication forks by the SV40 large tumor antigen.

The ability of the SV40 large tumor antigen (T antigen), a DNA helicase, to bind to model DNA replication forks was tested. DNA fork molecules were constructed either from two partially complementary oligonucleotides or from a single oligonucleotide able to form a ‘panhandle’ structure. T antigen specifically recognized the two-strand fork in a reaction dependent on the presence of ATP, dATP, or non-hydrolyzable analogs of ATP. T antigen asymmetrically bound the two-strand fork, protecting from nuclease cleavage a fork-proximal region on only one of the two strands. The asymmetric binding is consistent with the 3′⇌5′ directionality of the DNA helicase activity of T antigen. An analogous region on the one-strand fork was also bound by T antigen, suggesting that T antigen does not require a free singlestranded end to load onto the fork. Use of chemically modified DNA substrates indicated that T antigen binding to the fork utilized important contacts with the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone.
Measurement of large convex aspheres

Large convex aspheres are notoriously difficult to fabricate because of the tremendous cost and difficulty of making accurate measurements of the optical surfaces. The new 6.5- and 8-m-class telescopes require convex secondary mirrors that are larger, more aspheric, and more accurately figured than those for existing telescopes. Two powerful measurement techniques have been implemented at the Mirror Lab and demonstrated to be accurate and economical. The polished surfaces are interferometrically measured using holographic test plates. This measurement technique uses full-aperture test plates with computer-generated holograms (CGH) fabricated onto spherical reference surfaces. When supported a few millimeters from the secondary and properly illuminated with laser light, an interference pattern is formed that shows the secondary surface errors. The hologram consists of annular rings of metal drawn onto the curved test plate surface using a custom-built writing machine. This test has been implemented for secondaries up to 1.15-m diameter, with 4 nm rms surface measurement accuracy. In addition to this test, a swing arm profilometer was built to measure the rough surface during aspherization and loose abrasive grinding. The machine uses simple motions and high quality components to achieve 50 nm rms measurement accuracy over 1.8-m mirrors.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Response of Single Melanophores to Extracellular and Intracellular Iontophoretic Injection of Melanocyte- Stimulating Hormone*

The purpose of this study was to determine if MSH, a peptide hormone, injected within a frog skin melanophore could elicit a physiological response, melanosome dispersion. Multibarreled electrodes were used to iontophoretically inject α-MSH inside frog skin melanophores of Rana pipiens pipiens. In 46 cells, intracellular MSH was ineffective in producing melanosome dispersions as viewed through the microscope. Because the frog skin is a complex of closely spaced cells, at times the microelectrode may have impaled cells other than melanophores. Therefore, in order to verify that the electrode was in a melanophore and not some other cell type, cAMP, shown to produce melanosome dispersion, was iontophoretically injected to 17 cells, causing the melanosomes to disperse. In these 17 cells, prior injection of MSH caused no dispersion. The response was monitored by observing the target cell with surrounding cells serving as a control. As an additional control to determine if adequate amounts of MSH were released,...
Operation of Bushings in Carbonized Oil

CIRCUIT-BREAKER BUSHINGS, or load-ratio control-transformer-contactor bushings, may operate with one end immersed in oil containing various concentrations of small carbon particles. Such particles may be attracted to the bushing insulator surface. The behaviour of carbon particles in oil was investigated for the purpose of finding means of minimizing or avoiding the accumulation of carbon particles on the bushing insulator surface.
Rotaxane formation under thermodynamic control

Thermodynamic control operates in the synthesis of a [2]rotaxane based upon the dibenzylammonium ion/crown ether recognition motif. When dibenzo[24]crown-8 is added to an acetonitrile solution containing a diimine dumbbell-like component, the dynamic nature of the system (i.e., imine hydrolysis/reformation) offers the ring component access to the NH2+ center, allowing the self-assembly of the corresponding “dynamic” [2]rotaxane to occur. The “fixing” of this [2]rotaxane can be achieved upon reduction of the imine bonds, affording a kinetically inert [2]rotaxane.
Ventricular arrhythmias in the athlete

Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in the athlete nearly always occur in the presence of structural heart disease. In the last few years, 2 new causes of life-threatening arrhythmias have been described in patients with normal hearts—that of the Brugada syndrome and that of commotio cordis. Non‐lifethreatening premature ventricular beats and even nonsustained ventricular tachycardia are not rare, and although usually benign, can be secondary to cardiomyopathies. Athletes with symptoms of syncope, especially if exertional, warrant a complete evaluation. The treatment of athletes and other individuals with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias has been revolutionized by the implantable cardioverter defibrillator, a device that affords excellent protection from sudden death. Defining those athletes who would benefit from the implantable defibrillator is not always clear. Furthermore, participation in competitive athletics for athletes with lifethreatening arrhythmias or structural heart disease known to put the athlete at risk for life-threatening arrhythmias is usually prohibited. Curr Opin Cardiol 2001, 16:30‐39 © 2001 Lippincott Williams &
The electronic emission spectrum of SiB

Abstract The gas phase spectrum of the silicon boride radical has been observed for the first time. Two electronic transitions were observed in emission from a corona excited supersonic expansion source. The D4Σ−–X4Σ− system consists of emission from v′ = 0 to v″ = 0–3, while the A4Π–X4Σ− system consists of numerous bands with v′ = 0–5 and v″ = 0–11, although only the strong 0–0 and 0–1 bands have been analyzed so far.
Using worker personality and demographic information to improve system performance prediction

Abstract This paper presents an approach to modeling workers where human performance has a significant impact on system productivity. Highly technical industries such as semiconductor manufacturing and service industries like banking are relying on fewer but more skilled workers. In these systems, productivity depends on worker availability and organization; therefore, modeling system performance may require accurate representations of individual worker behavior. This paper examines the tradeoffs in including information about the demographics and personalities of workers in system performance simulation models. A series of actual and simulated experiments in which personality and demographic data are used in different ways to model the performance of a team of workers is reported. Significant differences are found in predicted system performance demonstrating that model validity depends on the methodology used for modeling workers. These results have practical implication for the managerial processes of recruiting and selecting individual workers, as well as organizing teams of workers and assigning them to tasks.