cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
3-complementary frames and doubly near resolvable ( v,3,2 )- BIBDs

Abstract In this paper, we construct (1,2;3, v ,1)-frames or DNR( v ,3,2)-BIBDs for v ≡ 1 (mod 9) and v ≠ 55. This result provides one third of the possible spectrum for DNR( v ,3,2)-BIBDs. The main construction is a frame construction which requires the existence of a new type of frame (a 3-complementary frame) and sets of three orthogonal partitioned incomplete Latin squares. We introduce t -complementary frames and prove the existence of 3-complementary (1,2;3, m ,3)-frames with a finite number of possible exceptions.
Synthesis and characterization of new silicon-containing fluoroacrylate monomers and polymers: 3☆

Abstract A series of new silicon-containing fluoroacrylate polymers and copolymers (with methyl acrylate) has been prepared, starting from 1,3-bis(hexafluoro-2-hydroxy-2-propyl)benzene (1,3-HFAB). The fluorinated, silicon-containing alcohol precursor was synthesized in two steps by reacting 1,3-HFAB first with n-butyl lithium and subsequently with dichlorodimethylsilane. The silicon-containing alcohol was finally reacted with acryloyl or methacryloyl chloride to give the corresponding monomers. Polymers were obtained by bulk free radical polymerization using α,α′-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. The polymers, which have inherent viscosities ranging from 0.20 to 0.33 dl g−1, form brittle hydrophobic films by solution casting. The polyacrylates are stable to about 375°C (10% weight loss) in nitrogen and exhibit glass transition from 67 to 110°C.
Phytosterol Composition of Nuts and Seeds Commonly Consumed in the United States

Phytosterols were quantified in nuts and seeds commonly consumed in the United States. Total lipid extracts were subjected to acid hydrolysis and then alkaline saponfication, and free sterols were analyzed as trimethylsilyl derivatives by capillary GC-FID and GC-MS. Δ5-Avenasterol was quantified after alkaline saponification plus direct analysis of the glucoside. Sesame seed and wheat germ had the highest total phytosterol content (400−413 mg/100 g) and Brazil nuts the lowest (95 mg/100 g). Of the products typically consumed as snack foods, pistachio and sunflower kernel were richest in phytosterols (270−289 mg/100 g). β-Sitosterol, Δ5-avenasterol, and campesterol were predominant. Campestanol ranged from 1.0 to 12.7 mg/100 g. Only 13 mg/100 g β-sitosterol was found in pumpkin seed kernel, although total sterol content was high (265 mg/100 g). Phytosterol concentrations were greater than reported in existing food composition databases, probably due to the inclusion of steryl glycosides, which represent a ...
Balloon atrial septostomy for left ventricular decompression in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for myocardial failure

We describe the use of balloon atrial septostomy to decompress the left ventricle in four patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute intractable myocardial failure. These patients were becoming clinically worse and had evidence of left ventricular and left atrial hypertension either by direct measurement or echocardiography. Atrial decompression was accomplished by blade septostomy in one patient and by balloon atrial septostomy under echocardiographic guidance at the bedside in three patients. Three of four patients improved after balloon atrial septostomy and survived. This procedure may be helpful in selected, patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for myocardial failure with evidence of increased left atrial pressure as a result of increased ventricular pressure.
The Malignant Pleural Effusion as a Model to Investigate Intratumoral Heterogeneity in Lung Cancer

Malignant Pleural Effusions (MPE) may be useful as a model to study hierarchical progression of cancer and/or intratumoral heterogeneity. To strengthen the rationale for developing the MPE-model for these purposes, we set out to find evidence for the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC) in MPE and demonstrate an ability to sustain intratumoral heterogeneity in MPE-primary cultures. Our studies show that candidate lung CSC-expression signatures (PTEN, OCT4, hTERT, Bmi1, EZH2 and SUZ12) are evident in cell pellets isolated from MPE, and MPE-cytopathology also labels candidate-CSC (CD44, cMET, MDR-1, ALDH) subpopulations. Moreover, in primary cultures that use MPE as the source of both tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME), candidate CSC are maintained over time. This allows us to live-sort candidate CSC-fractions from the MPE-tumor mix on the basis of surface markers (CD44, c-MET, uPAR, MDR-1) or differences in xenobiotic metabolism (ALDH). Thus, MPE-primary cultures provide an avenue to extract candidate CSC populations from individual (isogenic) MPE-tumors. This will allow us to test whether these cells can be discriminated in functional bioassays. Tumor heterogeneity in MPE-primary cultures is evidenced by variable immunolabeling, differences in colony-morphology, and differences in proliferation rates of cell subpopulations. Collectively, these data justify the ongoing development of the MPE-model for the investigation of intratumoral heterogeneity, tumor-TME interactions, and phenotypic validation of candidate lung CSC, in addition to providing direction for the pre-clinical development of rational therapeutics.
Promoting Adolescent Behavioral Adjustment in Violent Neighborhoods: Supportive Families Can Make a Difference!

This study examined the moderating effects of family cohesion on the relationship between community violence and child internalizing and externalizing problems at age 18. The study sample consisted of 728 children and families who were part of the Infant Health and Development Program, an intervention study for low-birthweight, preterm infants. Six of eight sites in the Infant Health and Development Program were in large metropolitan areas; two served rural and urban areas. About half of the sample was African American. Research teams collected data from caregivers multiple times in the first 3 years of the target child's life, and at 4, 5, 6½, 8, and 18 years. Caregivers reported on community violence, neighborhood problems with (a) drug users/sellers; (b) delinquent gangs; and (c) crime, assaults, and burglaries reports when children were 4, 5, and 8 years of age. Family cohesion was assessed twice, at ages 6½ and 8 years, using caregiver reports on the Family Environment Scale. Adolescent self-report of Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems at age 18 were assessed using the Behavior Problems Index. In this study, the association between adolescent psychosocial outcomes and community violence were moderated by family cohesion and gender such that being in a highly cohesive family as a child protected male children from the negative effects of community violence. Findings demonstrate the long-term protective effects of family cohesion on child behavioral development for male children but suggest a need to examine additional supports for females exposed to community violence during childhood.
An antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to the mu opioid receptor attenuates cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and reward in mice.

Abstract Numerous studies support a role for the endogenous opioid system in cocaine-influenced behavior. Few of these studies, however, selectively delineate a role for the mu opioid receptor (MOR) in this regard. This investigation examined if the MOR modulates cocaine-induced behavior in mice using a 17-base antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS ODN) directed against the MOR coding sequence 16–32. Specifically, cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and conditioned reward were investigated. For the sensitization study, C57BL/6J mice received eight intermittent i.c.v. infusions of saline, mismatch oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) (20 μg/4 μl) or AS ODN (20 μg/4 μl) over 20 days. Mice also received concomitant once daily i.p. injections of saline (4 ml/kg) or cocaine (15 mg/kg) for 10 days. There was a 7-day withdrawal period, after which all mice were challenged with cocaine (15 mg/kg) to test for behavioral sensitization. For the conditioned place preference (CPP) study, mice received five i.c.v. infusions of mismatch ODN or MOR AS ODN (days 1–5). An unbiased counterbalanced conditioning procedure was used where mice were conditioned with saline (4 ml/kg, i.p.) and cocaine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) on alternate days for four sessions (days 3–6). Mice were tested on day 7 for CPP. Immediately following testing, [ 3 H]DAMGO ( d -Ala 2 , N-Me-Phe 4 , Gly-ol 5 -enkephalin) receptor binding to brain homogenates was conducted. MOR AS attenuated cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and conditioned reward. MOR AS ODN also reduced [ 3 H]DAMGO binding. Collectively, these findings implicate the MOR as playing an important neuromodulatory role in the behavioral effects of cocaine in mice.
Body Build-Behavioral Stereotypes, Self-Identification, Preference and Aversion in Black Preschool Children:

60 black 5-yr.-olds were rated for body type on the Ponderal Index and by two independent judges. The children were shown three black, same-sex stimulus figures corresponding to the endomorphic (chubby), mesomorphic (average), and ectomorphic (thin) body builds. The children were asked to select the figure that (a) looked like them, (b) they liked best, and (c) they did not like at all, and (d) which figure best fitted each of 16 adjective descriptors. The results indicated that the children were not able to identify their own body types and they did not have a particular preference for any of the body types. However, like previous samples, a significant number of these children expressed dislike for the endomorphic body type.
FT-EPR and HPLC study of the mechanism of 4-chlorophenol photolysis

The mechanism of 4-chlorophenol (4CP) photolysis was investigated with the aid of Fourier Transform Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (FT-EPR) and pulsed-laser photolysis combined with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) detection-of stable (diamagnetic) products. With FT-EPR transient free radicals produced by pulsed-laser excitation of solutions of 4CP in alcohols could be identified. Time profiles of the FT-EPR spectra provided information on reaction kinetics and Chemically Induced Dynamic, Electron Polarization (CIDEP) effects. It was found that 4CP photolysis in alcohols leads to the simultaneous formation of the phenoxyl radical and radicals produced by hydrogen abstraction from the solvent. CIDEP patterns establish that these radicals are formed in a reaction sequence involving a triplet state precursor and radical pair intermediate. Results of earlier transient optical absorption measurements indicate that the triplet precursor must be the carbene 4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene. This assignment is supported by the finding that photolysis of quinone diazide in a hydrogen-donating solvent gives the same free radical products as those obtained from 4CP. The formation of the phenoxyl radical intermediate accounts for the finding that photolysis of deoxygenated solutions of 4CP in alcohols gives phenol as stable diamagnetic product. By contrast, photolysis of aerated and deoxygenated aqueous solutions of 4CP produces benzoquinone and hydroquinone as primary products, respectively.
Microhabitat, water relations, and photosynthesis of a desert fern, Notholaena parryi.

Interrelationships between morphology, microhabitat, water relations, and photosynthesis of a xeric fern, Notholaena parryi D.C. Eat. (Pteridaceae), were examined in the western Colorado desert. In its typical microhabitat rock outcroppings protected N. parryi from direct sunlight and moderated the diurnal variations in air temperature. For example, frond temperature at noon in late winter was 15.3° C, which was 7.3° C cooler than an energy budget simulation predicting frond temperature at an exposed site. The lowest soil water potential leading to daytime stomatal opening was about-1.5 MPa (-15 bars). Rainfall runoff that was channeled to the periphery of the rocks caused Ψsoil near the fern roots to rise above-1.5 MPa even after light rainfalls, and it remained above-1.5 MPa longer after rainfall than in non-rocky sites.The water potential gradient along the stipe necessary to support the observed rates of transpiration was about-10 MPa m-1; such a large gradient reflected the small conducting area in the xylem. The water vapor conductance decreased as the frond temperature was raised, an effect that became proportionally greater as the soil dried out. The daytime water-use efficiency (mass CO2 fixed/mass water transpired) was 0.0058 for a spring day. Individual fronds reached 90% of light saturation for photosynthesis at only 100 μEinsteins m-2 s-1, a photosynthetically active radiation similar to that from the diffuse sunlight incident on the generally north-facing microhabitat of the fern. Below 50 μE m-2 s-1 the quantum requirement was 13 Einsteins absorbed/mole CO2 fixed. The ratio of chlorophyll to P700 was 552, indicating a fairly large photosynthetic unit that is characteristic of plants adapted to shaded habitats. The temperature optimum for net photosynthesis shifted from 13° C in midwinter (mean daily air temperature of 11° C) to 19° C in early fall (air temperature of 23° C).
296: The association of obesity, body image and postpartum depression

D. YVETTE LACOURSIERE, ANN HUTTON, MICHAEL VARNER, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, University of Utah, Nursing, Salt Lake City, Utah OBJECTIVE: In women of reproductive age, obesity has been associated with numerous medical and obstetric problems including depression. Postpartum depression (PPD) affects 10-15% of all women, especially those with a history of pre-existing depression. This series of correlations suggests an association between obesity and PPD. We set out to quantify the relationship between obesity and postpartum depression and identify potential risk factors unique to obese women. STUDY DESIGN: Using a prospective design with an over-sampling technique, women were enrolled 24-36 hours postpartum. Intake data including demographic, medical, obstetric and psychiatric history, pregnancy stressors and anthropomorphic information was collected. Eight weeks postpartum women were contacted, surveyed and completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Screen (EPDS) and modified Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). EPDS 12 was used to define a positive PPD screen. Responses were stratified by maternal BMI and analyzed via Chi-Square, ANOVA and Multiple Logistic Regression Modeling. RESULTS: 1282 women were included in the analysis. PPD increased with extremes of BMI. The percent of women by BMI strata with PPD follows: underweight 18.7%, normal weight 12.7%, overweight 15.9%, class I obesity 17.6%, class II obesity 28.0% and class III obesity 29.4%. (p 0.047). Increasing weight gain during pregnancy increases the risk of PPD in normal and overweight women. Poor body image was associated with obesity and weight gain during pregnancy. After controlling for maternal age, race, parity, stressors, and education, BMI is a risk factor for PPD. At the postpartum visit, only 26.3% of providers addressed weight and 53.7% discussed mood. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to use a validated screening tool to evaluate the risk of PPD by maternal BMI. Women at the extremes of BMI and greater weight gains in pregnancy are at increased risk for PPD. Nearly 30% of women with a BMI Y 35 screen positive for PPD, warranting heightened attention to PPD among obese women.
The Enterococcus faecalis pheromone-responsive plasmid pAM373 does not encode an entry exclusion function.

pAM373 is a conjugative plasmid in Enterococcus faecalis that confers a mating response to the peptide sex pheromone cAM373 which is produced also by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus gordonii. Unlike other sex pheromone-inducible plasmids, pAM373 does not confer an entry exclusion phenotype.
Calibrating probability distributions with convex- concave-convex functions: application to CDO pricing

This paper considers a class of functions referred to as convex-concave-convex (CCC) functions to calibrate unimodal or multimodal probability distributions. In discrete case, this class of functions can be expressed by a system of linear constraints and incorporated into an optimization problem. We use CCC functions for calibrating a risk-neutral probability distribution of obligors default intensities (hazard rates) in collateral debt obligations (CDO). The optimal distribution is calculated by maximizing the entropy function with no-arbitrage constraints given by bid and ask prices of CDO tranches. Such distribution reflects the views of market participants on the future market environments. We provide an explanation of why CCC functions may be applicable for capturing a non-data information about the considered distribution. The numerical experiments conducted on market quotes for the iTraxx index with different maturities and starting dates support our ideas and demonstrate that the proposed approach has stable performance. Distribution generalizations with multiple humps and their applications in credit risk are also discussed.
Probucol decreases neointimal formation in a swine model of coronary artery balloon injury. A possible role for antioxidants in restenosis.

BACKGROUNDRestenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is the major limitation of the long-term success of this procedure. The process of restenosis is similar to an accelerated form of atherosclerosis. Thus, therapeutic interventions that limit the progression and initiation of atherosclerosis may be beneficial in the treatment of restenosis. One such intervention is the antioxidant drug probucol, which has demonstrated benefit in animal models of atherosclerosis.METHODS AND RESULTSTwenty-six female domestic swine were divided into three study groups (control, n = 9; low-dose probucol, n = 9; high-dose probucol, n = 8) before oversized balloon injury of the left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary arteries. Probucol (1 g/d, low-dose group; 2 g/d, high-dose group) was administered 2 days before balloon injury and was continued until the swine were killed 2 weeks after balloon injury. Morphometric analysis of the injured arteries included the intimal area (square millimeters...
The Savvy Convert's Guide to Choosing a Religion

Edited by Knock Knock. Venice, CA: Knock Knock, 2008. 208 pp. $14.95 paperback. When Laurence Moore (1994) alluded to the “commodification of religion” in Selling God: American Religion in the Mark...
The configuration of moving crack tip zones

Abstract The dynamic elasticity solution of a steady state crack is used for determination of the geometrical characteristics and of the displacement rates within the discrete crack zones which are formed as a result of the selective propagation of cleavage microcracks ahead of the tip of a running brittle crack in a mild steel plate. The zone length and the stress distribution in the zone are found to be strongly dependent on the assumed form of the stress-displacement relation for the progressively fracturing metal. On the other hand, the crack opening displacement rate is much less sensitive to the assumed form. The magnitudes of the nominal plastic strain rates, found by an approximate procedure, are of the order of 10 5 to 10 6 sec −1 . A comparison with the results of dynamic tension tests on similar steels indicates that the flow stress at these strain rates would exceed the twinning stress, and therefore, it is suggested in agreement with experimental observations, that twinning is the principal deformation mode in the crack zone. Accordingly, the crack tip boundary conditions considered in the solution of crack propagation problems can be assumed as independent of crack velocity. Also, their possible dependence on temperature would not be related to the deformation mode in the crack zone.
Impact of commercial support on continuing pharmacy education.

Introduction: There is a serious debate over the involvement of the pharmaceutical industry in continuing education. Policies that govern the planning of continuing education for pharmacists center on the potential conflict of interest when there is commercial support for programs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of commercial support on the provision and perceived outcomes of continuing pharmacy education. Methods: A survey was administered online to a national sample of accredited providers of continuing pharmacy education, resulting in 134 responses. The 64-item survey was developed to measure the planning practices of these providers and their perceptions of the educational and noneducational consequences of commercial support for continuing education. Results: One hundred thirty-four usable questionnaires (34%) were received from 386 leaders in pharmacy education. Approximately 86% of providers and 43% of programs received commercial support. Although the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education requires that providers review instructional content and materials for commercially supported programs before delivery, only 43% always did so. Commercial support was perceived to have consequences for provider organizations, pharmacists, and patients, such as increased cost and use of drugs and financial dependency of providers and participants on industry support. Discussion: The results of our study lead to the conclusions that commercial support of continuing education is widespread, affects continuing education programs, and is perceived to have significant educational and noneducational consequences. The profession should ensure that continuing education guidelines are unambiguous related to specific practices that are allowable and unallowable when receiving commercial support. Future research should study the consequences of commercial support behaviorally by examining the effects on pharmacy professionals' practice and pharmaceutical care.
Insulin glargine use during pregnancy

ABSTRACT Objective To review the literature regarding the use of insulin glargine during pregnancy, specifically addressing the issues and concerns surrounding mitogenicity, placental transfer, and maternal and fetal safety. Methods We performed a systematic literature search using MEDLINE and BIOSIS Previews up to March 2011. Additional studies were identified by hand-searching reference lists from original articles. Inclusion was limited to studies and abstracts in the English language. Results A total of 23 reports with 1001 pregnancies managed with insulin glargine contained relevant information regarding the maternal and fetal safety of its use during pregnancy. Insulin glargine does not appear to have enhanced mitogenic activity when compared with the mitogenic activity of native human insulin. The transplacental transfer of insulin glargine appears to be negligible, although it is possible that antibody-bound insulin glargine may gain access to the fetal compartment. The available data suggest that there are no identifiable, consistent adverse maternal or fetal outcomes with the use of insulin glargine during pregnancy, including during the first trimester. Conclusions Use of insulin glargine during pregnancy should be seriously considered in uncontrolled diabetes during pregnancy and in those patients taking insulin glargine before conception, because the benefits from improved glycemic control would be expected to outweigh any, as yet, unproven risks of insulin glargine exposure. (Endocr Pract. 2011;17:448-455)
Growth rate study of canavalin single crystals

The dependence on supersaturation of the growth rate of single crystals of the protein canavalin is studied. In the supersaturation ranges studied, the rate-limiting step for growth is best described by a screw dislocation mechanism associated with interface attachment kinetics. Using a ln-ln plot, the growth-rate data is found to fit a predictive relationship of the form G = 0.012 x the supersaturation to the 6.66, which, together with the solubility curves, allows the growth rate to be estimated under a variety of conditions.
The Relationship Between Flame Stability and Drag of Bluff-Body Flameholders

The main purpose of this investigation is to establish a relationship between the blowoff velocity of a bluffbody flameholder and its drag coefficient. To this end, numerous measurements of blowoff velocity and drag coefficient are carried out on various forms of two-dimension al flameholders. They include conventional Vgutters of the type widely employed in turbojet afterburners, and "single-sided" flameholders that are characterized by a single-vortex flow pattern in their wake region. The test program covers wide ranges of effective pressure ratio obtained using the water injection technique, and it also includes variations in velocity, flameholder size, and flameholder blockage. The results confirm previous findings in regard to the strong influence of drag coefficient on blowoff velocity. They also provide a satisfactory explanation for the previously reported superior flameholding properties of single-vortex systems over double-vortex systems.
Examining Extreme Weather Effects on Birth Weight From the Individual Effect to Spatiotemporal Aggregation Effects

Extreme weather events are related to low birth weight. Monitoring this relationship in the context of climate change has a wide range of public health implications, as birth weight is a key indicator of many life course health outcomes, and climate change increases both frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. However, most birth weight data are not available with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution. The current study examined the relationship between birth weight and weather variables in a series of aggregations, from individual birth outcomes to month-county, season-county, and county-only mean birth weights. Data were based on a 20 % sample of White mothers aged 19 to 38 from the United States Natality Data Files, and the baseline model was for the 1974–1978 and 1984–1988 periods with 2,269,009 and 2,652,552 individual birth records, respectively. The evaluation was based on multiple regression for aggregation effects, and conditional autoregressive and spatial association models for spatial clustering effects. The results show that the number of extreme cold and hot days during the birth month is inversely associated with birth weight, and that temporal aggregation by month-county or season-county was likely to preserve the relationship between birth weight and extreme weather from the individual model. While both conditional autoregressive and spatial association models can remove some spatial autocorrelation, the spatial association approach may not work effectively without further modifying the existing method.
Association of emergency severity index versus three triage category with emergency department charges in a pediatric population

Study objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the association between Emergency Severity Index (ESI) versus 2 triage assignment and emergency department (ED) charges in an ED pediatric population. Methods: This retrospective health records survey was approved by the hospital institutional review board. All pediatric patients, defined as those younger than 14 years, presenting to the hospital ED during a 1-month period in 2003, were considered for inclusion. Patients who left without being seen by a physician, left before their evaluation could be completed, whose ED record n was unavailable were excluded from analysis. Demographic and billing information, including professional and facility fees, and disposition were assessed through structured medical rewas missing, or whose billing informatiocord abstraction performed in a defined sequence by trained reviewers. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 11.0 statistical software. Results: Five hundred two patients were identified for inclusion during the study period. Twenty-seven patients were excluded for missing billing data, left without being seen, left before completion of evaluation, being registered in error, missing ESI categories, or being billed at a separate campus, leaving 475 patients for final data analysis. Mean ED charges for the 14 ESI-1 patients were $1,256 (95% confidence interval [CI] $969 to $1,544); for the 84 ESI-2 patients were $589 (95% CI $474 to $704); for the 168 ESI-3 patients were $367 (95% CI $326 to $409); for the 176 ESI-4 patients were $305 (95% CI $281 to $330); and for the 33 ESI-5 patients were $247 (95% CI $210 to $285). Conclusion: ESI triage assignment was associated with ED charges in this pediatric population. Additional analysis is warranted to determine the association between ESI category and actual nursing, physician, and direct costs of caring for this patient population.
In vitro and in vivo biologic effects of Ospemifene (FC-1271a) in breast cancer.

Abstract Ospemifene (FC-1271a) is a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator under development for osteoporosis prevention. In the present paper, we examine both the in vitro and in vivo effects of FC-1271a in breast cancer models. In vitro, the growth inhibitory effects of FC-1271a and its main metabolite are investigated in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells at doses ranging from 0.1 to 10 μM. Modulation of pS2 expression, an indicator of estrogen activity, was also examined in all experiments using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In vivo, the effects of treatment with 10, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg FC-1271a on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human tumor xenografts in athymic, ovariectomized mice were determined. For MCF-7 cells, FC-1271a and its main metabolite, toremifene VI (TOR VI) displayed anti-estrogenic effects in vitro as shown through growth inhibition and decreased expression of pS2. Treatment with FC-1271a in vivo inhibited MCF-7 tumor growth, compared with control ( P ≤0.05). FC-1271a and TOR VI did not inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro, and no clear effects of FC-1271a treatment were seen on MDA-MB-231 tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, FC-1271a appears to exert anti-estrogenic effects dependent on estrogen receptor positivity in vitro and in vivo on the growth of MCF-7 cells.
Cadmium metabolism in cdm/cdm mice

The uptake and metabolism of cadmium by cadmium-susceptible (+/+) and cadmium-resistant (cdm/cdm) strains of mice have been compared. These strains did not differ with respect to the quantitative uptake of cadmium into liver, kidney, or testis. After intraperitoneal administration of a nontoxic dose, more than 80% of the cadmium in liver and testis of both strains is bound to low molecular weight proteins. The chromatographic behavior of these cadmium-binding proteins is not affected by cdm genotype.
Criteria for Analysis-Test Correlation of Structural Dynamic Systems

A rational criterion for structural dynamic analysis-test correlation has been established by using a matrix perturbation technique. This criterion can be used for the verification of an analytical model by the test results. Also, the same technique can be applied to update the analytical results by using the test results without repeating the entire analytical procedure. A sample problem has been used to demonstrate this technique. Very satisfactory results are obtained with only the first-order perturbation solution included for transient loading. For periodic loading, higher-order perturbation solutions are needed to achieve the same accuracy.
Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry: A non-destructive characterization technique for ultrathin and multilayer materials☆

Abstract In the most commonly used form of ellipsometry, a monochromatic collimated linearly polarized light beam is directed at an angle ϕ to the normal of a sample under study. The specularly reflected beam is, in general, elloptically polarized, and the state of polarization is analyzed using a second polarizer and photodetector. A rotating analyzer automated spectroscopic ellipsometer has been constructed in our laboratory. The angle of incidence can be set over a wide range of angles, with a precision and repeatibility of ±0.01°. A computer controls the monochromator, the azimuth of a stepper-motor-driven polarizer, a shutter, and the digitization of the detector signal. There are several other schemes used for acquiring ellipsometric data, and these are discussed in several sources. The purpose of this short review is to show how variable angle of incidence spectroscopic ellipsometry can be used as a powerful non-destructive tool for analysis of surfaces and multilayer films.
Adaptive design for distributed MIMO radar using sparse modeling

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radar systems with widely separated antennas provide spatial diversity gain by viewing the targets from different angles. In this paper, we propose an approach to accurately estimate the properties (position, velocity) of multiple targets using such systems by employing sparse modeling. We also propose a new metric to analyze the performance of the radar system. We develop an adaptive mechanism for optimal energy allocation at different transmitters. We show that this adaptive mechanism outperforms MIMO radar systems that transmit fixed equal energy across all the antennas.
Reporting Atrocities: Archibald Reiss in Serbia, 1914--1918

Archibald Reiss reporting on atrocities during World War I in Serbia contributed to the public perception of the role of civilians and the meaning of war crimes. His reports on Austrian and Bulgarian wrong-doings perfectly show the changing interpretation of laws of war from the traditionalist pre-1914 approach and the new vulnerable, yet targeted civilian as a victim and not potential source of rebellion. This article shows how situational aspects and the new industrial war led to a totalization of war and where restraining elements existed. The ethnic cleansing aspect of the Bulgarian case will be analyzed and the case made for its different character in comparison to the Austrian actions in 1914 which lacked a planned exterminatory character.
Reception-Oriented Radio Rights: Increasing the Value of Wireless by Explicitly Defining and Delegating Radio Operating Rights

The increasingly intensive coexistence of diverse radio systems and the inability of existing institutions to resolve conflicts in a timely manner require a change in the way operating rights are defined, assigned and enforced. This paper proposes a regulatory approach that increases delegation to operators and reduces ambiguity by: (1) more clearly defining operating rights and harmful interference by using the Three P approach of probabilistic reception protections and transmission permissions; (2) facilitating transactions by limiting the number of parties to a negotiation, only altering the rights in a license at renewal, and implementing a registry; and (3) making rights enforcement more efficient by enabling direct enforcement of rights, separating rulemaking from adjudication, and defining remedies up-front.
Voyager photometry of Iapetus

Voyager images of Saturn's satellite Iapetus ranging in phase angle from 8 to 90 deg have been used to define the satellite's photometric properties and construct an albedo map of its surface. Iapetus shows variations in reflectance across its surface of a factor of 10 to 20, the greatest albedo range known for a solar system object. It is darkest at the apex of orbital motion, becomes brighter away from the apex, and is brightest near the poles. The 'boundary' between light and dark material is gradual rather than sharp. The photometric properties of the surface are adequately described by a lunarlike photometric function, but the surface phase function varies with albedo. The dark material on Iapetus is reddish, the bright material somewhat less so.
Death, Event, and a Deconstruction of Gihapon in "Flores ni Maria Santisima"

This paper proposes a deconstructive reading of Flores ni Maria Santisima, a Hiligaynon novena written by Padre Raymundo Lozano and printed in 1867. Set against the economic bustle of nineteenth-century Iloilo after it opened port to foreign trade,the novena demonstrates a homological relationship between capitalism and the practice of spiritual accumulation in the Flores. Nevertheless,teasing out the liminality of this text undermines its self-assurance as a monologic triumph of signification.A recurrent word in the novena, gihapon (always) plays an important transactional role in the promise of a happy death. As an incalculable event which subverts anticipation, death is a call towards faith without the consolation of certainty. The alterity of death beckons us to respond with Derrida’s perhaps, a trace of gihaponrevealed in the three stories from pananglit(hagiographical narrative): the deathbed experience of St John of God, the Emmaus-like encounter of two priests, and the acquittal of a convicted robber.
Induced Pluripotency of Human Prostatic Epithelial Cells

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are a valuable resource for discovery of epigenetic changes critical to cell type-specific differentiation. Although iPS cells have been generated from other terminally differentiated cells, the reprogramming of normal adult human basal prostatic epithelial (E-PZ) cells to a pluripotent state has not been reported. Here, we attempted to reprogram E-PZ cells by forced expression of Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4 using lentiviral vectors and obtained embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like colonies at a frequency of 0.01%. These E-PZ-iPS-like cells with normal karyotype gained expression of pluripotent genes typical of iPS cells (Tra-1-81, SSEA-3, Nanog, Sox2, and Oct4) and lost gene expression characteristic of basal prostatic epithelial cells (CK5, CK14, and p63). E-PZ-iPS-like cells demonstrated pluripotency by differentiating into ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal cells in vitro, although lack of teratoma formation in vivo and incomplete demethylation of pluripotency genes suggested only partial reprogramming. Importantly, E-PZ-iPS-like cells re-expressed basal epithelial cell markers (CD44, p63, MAO-A) in response to prostate-specific medium in spheroid culture. Androgen induced expression of androgen receptor (AR), and co-culture with rat urogenital sinus further induced expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a hallmark of secretory cells, suggesting that E-PZ-iPS-like cells have the capacity to differentiate into prostatic basal and secretory epithelial cells. Finally, when injected into mice, E-PZ-iPS-like cells expressed basal epithelial cell markers including CD44 and p63. When co-injected with rat urogenital mesenchyme, E-PZ-iPS-like cells expressed AR and expression of p63 and CD44 was repressed. DNA methylation profiling identified epigenetic changes in key pathways and genes involved in prostatic differentiation as E-PZ-iPS-like cells converted to differentiated AR- and PSA-expressing cells. Our results suggest that iPS-like cells derived from prostatic epithelial cells are pluripotent and capable of prostatic differentiation; therefore, provide a novel model for investigating epigenetic changes involved in prostate cell lineage specification.
"We've Got a Gun?": Comparing Reports of Adolescents and Their Parents about Household Firearms.

Firearms are a leading cause of mortality among adolescents, and the guns that adolescents use to harm themselves or others often come from their own homes. In this statewide, multilanguage, community-based survey of 5,704 coresiding pairs of adolescents and their parents, we asked about guns in the home and compared their responses. The proportions of parents and adolescents responding affirmatively were similar: 25.7% and 26.8%, respectively, for any guns; 15.0% and 13.2%, respectively, for handguns. A paired analysis documented substantial agreement for whether there was any gun in the home and less agreement about whether there was a handgun in the home. The amount of agreement and disagreement was related to household composition and gender of the respondents. The disagreement was substantial for some groups (e.g., when boys residing in households containing a single mother and no other adults reported that there was a gun in the home, 64.8% of their mothers said that there was not a gun in the home). Implications for research and intervention are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The FcεRIβ Subunit Functions as an Amplifier of FcεRIγ-Mediated Cell Activation Signals

The high affinity IgE receptor (Fc(epsilon)RI) plays a central role in the initiation of allergic responses. Fc(epsilon)RI is multimeric and is expressed as either (alpha)(gamma2) trimers or (alpha)(beta)(gamma2) tetramers. Recently, polymorphisms of the beta chain gene have been associated with the development of various allergic phenotypes. Until now, the role of beta in Fc(epsilon)RI-dependent signaling was largely unknown. For that reason, we compared the signaling characteristics of various wild-type and mutant (alpha)(gamma2) and (alpha)(beta)(gamma2) Fc(epsilon)RI complexes. These studies demonstrate that the gamma dimer functions as an autonomous activation module, while beta functions as an amplifier that provides a gain of 5- to 7-fold, as measured by Syk activation and calcium mobilization.
Agonist specific effects of guanine nucleotides on muscarinic cholinergic receptors in rat anterior pituitary membranes.

Abstract The effects of guanine nucleotides on the binding affinity of muscarinic cholinergic receptors for muscarinic agents were studied in rat anterior pituitary membranes using direct ligand binding methods with [ 3 H]quinuclidinyl benzylate. GTP and Gpp (NH) at a concentration of 0.1 mM markedly decreased the binding affinity of the agonist, oxotremorine, for the receptors but had no effect on the binding of the antagonist, atropine. Mg 2+ (1 mM) on the other had markedly increased the binding affinity of oxotremorine but not that of atropine. Thus, it is conceivable that the release of the growth hormone or the inhibition of prolactin release by acetylcholine, which we and others have previously shown, is modulated by the opposite actions of guanine nucleotides and divalent metal ions such as Mg 2+ .
On nonstandard potentials in a Stefan problem

We report some results on nonstandard potentials and their application to solution of the Stefan problem.
Introductory remarks to the fourth session

The subjects of this session range from physics through neurophysiology to epidemiology but can, without using too high a level of abstraction, be related by the underlying presumption that the separation of dissolved gas from solution upon decompression leads to the formation of bubbles in the body and that they, in turn, produce pathological effects. An increasingly large workforce was exposed to raised pressures during the second half of the nineteenth century particularly in building the foundations of a bridge by the method of Triger (1841), a method that used compressed air to exclude water from the workings. The disturbances caused by the application of pressure and, more seriously, following the reduction in pressure were described by many authors from France, Italy, Germany, Great Britain and the United States of America. So there was a considerable body of observational data and hypothesis available by 1900 and the first experimental studies of decompression had been done by Bert (1878). He established that gas was indeed produced on decompression; that, after exposure to compressed air, the main constituent of bubbles was nitrogen and he thought it probable that such bubbles caused the signs and symptoms previously recognized as being associated with decompression.
Subsistence, Technology, and Adaptive Variation in Middle Paleolithic Italy

This collaborative study addresses questions about variation in behavior within the Middle Paleolithic period of west-central Italy. The findings are directly relevant to the evolutionary “fate” of Neandertals and the appearance of anatomically modern humans in Europe. Analyses focus on variation in a number of dimensions of subsistence and technology, including patterns of ungulate procurement, food transport, and tactics of stone tool manufacture and use. All of these dimensions exhibit marked, possibly “vectored” change in the study area between 110,000 and 35,000 years ago. Interpretations of the archeological data are supported by independent studies linking food search, procurement, and transport behaviors to ecological rules affecting all large terrestrial predators. In this way, variation observed in the faunal and lithic data sets can be shown to reflect startling diversity in the responses of Mousterian hominids to the world around them. The data provide important insights into the nature of adaptive “raw material” already in place during the Middle Paleolithic, the foremost conclusion of this study. That this variation in resource exploitation and land use also appears directional is more difficult to evaluate. It could be explained by hominids' adjustments to local changes in coastal habitat as sea level regressed or, alternatively, an evolutionary shift in hominid capabilities. The first interpretation is preferred, on the basis of available evidence, but cannot be advanced as a certain conclusion. This question provides much stimulus for continued research in the study area and other regions, using the methods presented.
Media in built environments: the technologies of mediatization

Media are becoming constitutive elements of the built environment. From the perspective of mediatization theory, this paper explores the implications of such a claim, with the automobile as an illustrative case, which in turn leads to four observations concerning media and physical space, material and immaterial interfaces, media's simultaneous functions as means of infotainment/interaction/infrastructure and intelligent environments. Together, they point the way to a media-architectural approach.
Choosing Benchmarks vs. Choosing Strategies: Part 2 — Execution Strategies: VWAP or Shortfall

In this article, we use execution data from the Goldman Sachs algorithmic trading desk to compare the performance of VWAP and shortfall algorithms. Our analysis shows that the two algorithms work as intended: shortfall performs better than VWAP when short-term (ST) alpha is high, helping traders to reduce alpha loss. The shortfall algorithm also delivers lower execution risk. We also find, however, that the average trader does not optimally allocate orders between the VWAP and shortfall algorithms. Our findings suggest that providers should better educate users on the relative merits of VWAP and shortfall algorithms and better quantify the trade-offs. If users cannot easily differentiate between high and low ST-alpha orders, a practical alternative is to choose the one algorithm that best fits the overall characteristics of their order flow.
Sex of Player and Practice in Lateral Discrimination and Videogame Performance

Videogame sessions stimulating surrogate travel were used as navigational training for four days. Four paper-and-pencil measures were obtained to identify characteristics underlying acquisition of navigational skill. These included a map reading test to assess spatial orientation, a self-report questionnaire (Spatial Anxiety Scale) and two orientation tasks requiring discrimination of compass directions and relative position, i.e., right-left. Game performance was related to both scores on spatial anxiety and right-left discrimination. Skill acquisition curves did not differ for the 8 men and 13 women.
Patchiness and correlations in DNA sequences

The highly nonrandom character of genomic DNA can confound attempts at modeling DNA sequence variation by standard stochastic processes (including random walk or fractal models). In particular, the mosaic character of DNA consisting of patches of different composition can fully account for apparent long-range correlations in DNA.