cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Revision of Residual Detection Power

This paper addresses some issues with quality assessment and quality assurance in response surface modeling experiments executed in wind tunnels. The role of data volume on quality assurance for response surface models is reviewed. Specific wind tunnel response surface modeling experiments are considered for which apparent discrepancies exist between fit quality expectations based on implemented quality assurance tactics, and the actual fit quality achieved in those experiments. These discrepancies are resolved by using Bayesian inference to account for certain imperfections in the assessment methodology. Estimates of the fraction of out-of-tolerance model predictions based on traditional frequentist methods are revised to account for uncertainty in the residual assessment process. The number of sites in the design space for which residuals are out of tolerance is seen to exceed the number of sites where the model actually fails to fit the data. A method is presented to estimate how much of the design space in inadequately modeled by low-order polynomial approximations to the true but unknown underlying response function.
Human/robot interaction for human support system by using a mobile manipulator

This paper shows how to use a mobile manipulator as a human support to assist human on accomplishing some complicated tasks. Dynamic model and control of the mobile manipulator are introduced. Two kinds of human support modes are designed by considering singularity, manipulability and safety of the whole system. Experimental results implemented on a mobile manipulator validate the proposed methods.
Duplexed Label-Free G Protein—Coupled Receptor Assays for High-Throughput Screening:

This article describes duplexed label-free optical biosensor cellular assays for simultaneously assaying 2 endogenous receptors, the G q -coupled histamine receptor (H 1 ) and the G s -coupled β 2 -adrenergic receptor (β 2 AR), in A431 cells. The biosensor cellular assays consist of 2 sequential steps—an initial agonist screening using Sigma LOPAC (Library of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds) and a subsequent antagonist screening using a solution mixture containing the H 1 agonist histamine and the β 2 AR agonist epinephrine. Results showed that costimulating A431 cells with histamine and epinephrine led to an optical response additive to individual responses. The agonist screening not only identified all full agonists for both the H 1 and β 2 receptors, but also detected pathway-biased ligands for the β 2 AR. Furthermore, the succeeding antagonist screening documented all known antagonists in the library for either the H 1 or β 2 receptors. This is the 1st demonstration of a single cellular assay that is capable of screening ligands against 2 GPCRs coupled to distinct G proteins, and highlights the power of pathway-unbiased and labelfree biosensor cellular assays for GPCR screens. (Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2008:975-985)
Labor Law and Reaching a First Collective Agreement: Evidence From a Quasi-Experimental Set of Reforms in Ontario

This paper examines the effects of a major labor law reform package in the Canadian province of Ontario on the negotiation of first agreements for newly certified bargaining units using a quasi-experimental research design. The findings indicate that first contract success rates were 8–14 percentage points higher under the regime that included automatic first contract arbitration relative to the comparison regime of “no-fault” first contract arbitration, despite imposition rates being only 2–4 percentage points higher. Further, in the more hostile-to-labor regime, only 38 percent of petitions ultimately reached a first agreement despite the presence of quick-votes, and “no-fault” first contract arbitration.
Importance of Social Connectedness as a Moderator in Korean Immigrants' Subjective Well-Being

Subjective well-being theories of goal approach and value-as-a-moderator were applied to examine the role of importance of social connectedness on the relationship between social connectedness and subjective well-being in a community sample of 204 Korean immigrants. It was hypothesized that social connectedness in ethnic and mainstream society is a stronger predictor of well-being to immigrants who highly value/desire it than to those who do not. The results from hierarchical multiple regression analyses provided partial support for the hypotheses. For immigrants who highly valued connectedness in the ethnic community, positive affect increased with greater connectedness in the ethnic community, whereas, for immigrants who did not value it, connectedness in the ethnic community was not associated with positive affect. Implications for theory, research, and practice were discussed.
Localized Ras signaling at the leading edge regulates PI3K, cell polarity, and directional cell movement

During chemotaxis, receptors and heterotrimeric G-protein subunits are distributed and activated almost uniformly along the cell membrane, whereas PI(3,4,5)P3, the product of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), accumulates locally at the leading edge. The key intermediate event that creates this strong PI(3,4,5)P3 asymmetry remains unclear. Here, we show that Ras is rapidly and transiently activated in response to chemoattractant stimulation and regulates PI3K activity. Ras activation occurs at the leading edge of chemotaxing cells, and this local activation is independent of the F-actin cytoskeleton, whereas PI3K localization is dependent on F-actin polymerization. Inhibition of Ras results in severe defects in directional movement, indicating that Ras is an upstream component of the cell's compass. These results support a mechanism by which localized Ras activation mediates leading edge formation through activation of basal PI3K present on the plasma membrane and other Ras effectors required for chemotaxis. A feedback loop, mediated through localized F-actin polymerization, recruits cytosolic PI3K to the leading edge to amplify the signal.
NATIONAL BOARD CERTIFICATION AND TEACHERS' CAREER PATHS: DOES NBPTS CERTIFICATION INFLUENCE HOW LONG TEACHERS REMAIN IN THE PROFESSION AND WHERE THEY TEACH?

Abstract Investment in the certification of teachers by the National Board of Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) represents a significant policy initiative for the nation's public school teachers. This article investigates the potential impact of NBPTS certification on teachers' career paths. Using a competing risks model on data from North Carolina public schools, we find evidence that those teachers who apply to NBPTS are more likely to be mobile than are nonapplicants, particularly after they have gone through the certification process. Regression discontinuity estimates suggest that National Board–certified teachers are more likely than unsuccessful applicants to leave the North Carolina public school system and that this appears to result from certified teachers exiting high-minority schools, particularly Charlotte-Mecklenburg schools.
Generic Violence Prevention and Gendered Violence: Getting the Message to Mainstream Audiences

Feminist analyses of violence against women are often isolated from other public attention to the problem of violence in general. The Choosing Non-Violence program examined here originated from a domestic violence organization but attempts to bridge the separation between generic violence prevention and domestic violence prevention. By approaching violence broadly and strategically aiming at adults' relationships with children, this program is able to reach audiences with a message about power and choice in relationships and increase awareness about gendered violence.
Routine Cultures of Bone Marrow and Peripheral Stem Cell Harvests: Clinical Impact, Cost Analysis, and Review

The American Association of Blood Banks requires routine culture of hematopoietic progenitor cells prior to bone marrow transplantation. We sought to evaluate the cost of that requirement and the incidence and clinical significance of positive cultures. We performed a retrospective analysis of transplant recipients at our institution. Of the 605 patients for whom 1,934 consecutive cultures of harvests were done between December 1992 and February 1996, 11 had positive cultures. Six patients received a culture-positive harvest with no adverse effects. The total cost of cultures was $35,660 (U.S. $). In North America and worldwide in 1995, routine culture of harvests would have prevented 7.9 and 18.9 cases of bacteremia, respectively, at a cost of $95,000 per bacteremia prevented. We conclude that routine culture of hematopoietic progenitor cells yields low rates of positivity and that infusion of contaminated harvests rarely results in clinically adverse outcomes.
AWARENESS OF SELF AND EXPANDING CONSCIOUSNESS: USING NURSING THEORIES TO PREPARE NURSE-THERAPISTS

Psychotherapy is an accepted role of the advanced practice psychiatric nurse. Nursing theorists, notably Hildegard Peplau and Margaret Newman, offer guidance on the psychological and professional development of the nurse. This paper examines Newman's theory of health as expanding consciousness and the concept of awareness of self in Peplau's theory, and suggests that psychiatric advanced practice nursing programs consider the need for nurses to develop self-knowledge to facilitate the nurse-patient relationship and to improve outcomes of patient care in psychotherapy.
Biosynthesis of Phosphoserine in the Methanococcales

Methanococcus maripaludis and Methanocaldococcus jannaschii produce cysteine for protein synthesis using a tRNA-dependent pathway. These methanogens charge tRNACys with l-phosphoserine, which is also an intermediate in the predicted pathways for serine and cystathionine biosynthesis. To establish the mode of phosphoserine production in Methanococcales, cell extracts of M. maripaludis were shown to have phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase and phosphoserine aminotransferase activities. The heterologously expressed and purified phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase from M. maripaludis had enzymological properties similar to those of its bacterial homologs but was poorly inhibited by serine. While bacterial enzymes are inhibited by micromolar concentrations of serine bound to an allosteric site, the low sensitivity of the archaeal protein to serine is consistent with phosphoserine's position as a branch point in several pathways. A broad-specificity class V aspartate aminotransferase from M. jannaschii converted the phosphohydroxypyruvate product to phosphoserine. This enzyme catalyzed the transamination of aspartate, glutamate, phosphoserine, alanine, and cysteate. The M. maripaludis homolog complemented a serC mutation in the Escherichia coli phosphoserine aminotransferase. All methanogenic archaea apparently share this pathway, providing sufficient phosphoserine for the tRNA-dependent cysteine biosynthetic pathway.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertility on Reproduction and Development of Citrus Mealybug, Planococcus citri Risso (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), Feeding on Two Colors of Coleus, Solenostemon scutellarioides L. Codd

The effects of nitrogen concentration on the reproduction and development of citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri, were studied on two colors of coleus, Solenostemon scutellarioides. Green and red-variegated coleus plants were supplied with varying applied nitrogen concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm) for 32 d before being artificially inoculated with citrus mealybugs. Female citrus mealybug life history parameters including eggs contained within the egg mass and respective body cavity, body length (mm), and developmental time (d) were measured. A modified micro-Kjeldahl digestion procedure followed by colormetric assay was conducted twice throughout the study to assess leaf nitrogen concentration. The results of this study show that the citrus mealybug life history parameters were influenced by the applied nitrogen concentrations (ppm), leaf nitrogen concentration (%), and total moisture content (g). Citrus mealybugs feeding on both green and red-variegated coleus, receiving the high nitrogen fertilizer concentrations (200 and 400 ppm) had the greatest egg loads, were larger in size, and had the shortest developmental times. Leaf nitrogen concentration also affected the citrus mealybug life history parameters with those mealybugs feeding on plants containing the highest leaf nitrogen contents having the greatest egg loads, larger in size, and the shortest developmental times. In addition, total plant moisture content impacted the citrus mealybug life history parameters similar to leaf nitrogen concentration. However, this was based on plant architecture whereas percent plant moisture content for both green- and red-variegated coleus was comparatively similar for all nitrogen concentrations. The life history parameters measured were more pronounced on green coleus compared with red-variegated coleus, perhaps because of nitrogen allocation differences between the two coleus colors. Thus, higher nitrogen concentrations, in the form of supplemental fertilizers used in greenhouse production systems, leads to an increase in the performance of citrus mealybugs as defined by increased egg loads, larger mature females, and shorter developmental times on coleus plants. These results indicate that the implementation of proper fertilizer practices may lessen the likelihood of dealing with extensive insect outbreaks, thus potentially reducing insecticide use.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Macrophages and Synthetic Materials on the Fibroblast Proliferation and Collagen Synthesis

The essential role of macrophages in the biological defense system has been well illustrated in many studies using foreign materials of either biological or synthetic nature.1 – 5 The presence of synthetic foreign materials whether because of necessity like modern surgical devices for the reconstruction of injured or diseased tissues/organs (e.g., vascular grafts, surgical mesh fabrics, artificial knee joint, etc.), or because of incidences like silica asbestos particles, eventually lead to a chronic inflammatory response followed by fibrous capsule formation around the synthetic foreign materials. A recent study of the ultra-structure of large accumulated cells immediately adjacent to synthetic foreign materials (i.e., a biodegradable wound closure material) indicated that macrophages played a major role in the phagocytosis of wound debris, and subsequent degradation, invasion, and phagocytosis of the synthetic foreign material.6
Article: Grandparent Visitation Law Grows Up: The Trend Toward Awarding Visitation Only When the Child Would Otherwise Suffer Harm

This article describes the general limitation on state authority to intrude on family life as it relates to grandparent visitation cases. It also notes that the right of family autonomy is rooted in common law and is established by seventy-five years of United States Supreme Court decisions as a key component of the Constitution's guarantee of liberty. The article also reviews the analyses of decisions invalidating grandparent visitation statutes on constitutional grounds, noting that the specific terms of these decisions do not limit the right identified to intact families, but instead describe a right belonging to all fit parents. The article further discussed specific aspects of the recent trend in grandparent visitation decisions to limit suits regardless of the parents marital status or biological connection to the child. The article further notes that courts in jurisdictions that have invalidated open-ended grandparent visitation statutes when suit was brought against the child's married natural parents have subsequently recognized the same right to family autonomy where the child's fit parent or parents are single, divorced, or adoptive. The article also explores a trend toward expanding the definition of intact families. It also discussed a trend toward enforcing statutory threshold requirements for a grandparent visitation suit.
Quantitative Description of Crystal Nucleation and Growth from in Situ Liquid Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

Recent advances in liquid cell (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (S)TEM has enabled in situ nanoscale investigations of controlled nanocrystal growth mechanisms. Here, we experimentally and quantitatively investigated the nucleation and growth mechanisms of Pt nanostructures from an aqueous solution of K2PtCl6. Averaged statistical, network, and local approaches have been used for the data analysis and the description of both collective particles dynamics and local growth features. In particular, interaction between neighboring particles has been revealed and attributed to reduction of the platinum concentration in the vicinity of the particle boundary. The local approach for solving the inverse problem showed that particles dynamics can be simulated by a stationary diffusional model. The obtained results are important for understanding nanocrystal formation and growth processes and for optimization of synthesis conditions.
Continued Professional Development

The ‘Journal of Orthodontics’ is pleased to provide the readership with the opportunity to obtain Enhanced Continuing Professional Development (CPD). Each issue of the journal will contain articles...
Agarose Electrophoresis and Immunonephelometric Quantitation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Immunoglobulins: Criteria for Application in the Diagnosis of Neurologic Disease

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IgG index, the CSF to serum albumin ratio, and electrophoresis on agarose gel of CSF and serum were evaluated retrospectively for their usefulness in the differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Standardized procedures were adopted for grading the intensity of oligoclonal banding and for the certainty of diagnosis of MS. One hundred and forty-nine patients were studied, including 23 with definite multiple sclerosis (MS), 12 with probable MS, 20 with possible MS, 20 with inflammatory neurologic disease, 65 with noninflammatory neurologic disease, and nine with no neurologic disease. The CSF IgG index and the CSF to serum albumin ratio were calculated from nephelometric measurements of serum and CSF IgG and albumin. The intensity of oligoclonal banding was graded relative to the density of the prealbumin band. Eighty-eight per cent of cases of definite MS had distinct oligoclonal bands, and an equal number had an elevated IgG index. These tests were not specific for MS, however, since 50% of cases of inflammatory neurologic disease and 5% of those with noninflammatory neurologic disease had an elevated IgG index. Similarly, 48% of cases with inflammatory disease and 25% with noninflammatory disease had oligoclonal bands. However, only patients with definite MS (21%) or possible MS (4%) had prominent oligoclonal bands whose density was greater than or equal to that of prealbumin, together with a CSF IgG index greater than 1.50. This combination of findings therefore may enhance the level of suspicion of MS. By contrast, an isolated increase in the CSF to serum albumin ratio may suggest a diagnosis other than MS.
The U. S. Army Reactive Topical Skin Protectant (rTSP): Challenges and Successes

Abstract : In 1994, the U. S. Army initiated a research effort towards an effective material that acts both as a protective barrier and as an active destructive matrix against chemical warfare agents (CWA). We report results on our preparation and evaluation of Reactive Topical Skin Protectants (rTSP's). These creams are composite materials consisting of a base material (TSP) and a reactive moiety. Using an established base of perfluorinated-polyether and peifluoropolyethylene solids we incorporated over 60 reactive components. Classes tested include organic polymers, organic/inorganic hybrid materials, polyoxometallates (POM's), enzymes, inorganic oxides, metal alloys and small molecules.
An epidemiological survey of hypertension among residents in Baoji City

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hypertension and its related factors in Baoji City. Methods A stratified multistage sampling was used to select 5020 Households in Baoji city,then a resident over 15 years old was determined randomly form the households by Kish Grid table method and was investigated by homemade questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire,and accepted body measurement. Rates or proportions of count data was tested by Chi- square test,on- conditional logistic regression was performed to analysis influencing factors of hypertension,P 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results In this study,4968 persons assembled as valid samples,male were 2521( 50. 74 %),female was 2447( 49. 26%). The hypertension prevalence rate was 20. 83%( 1035 /4968),the standardized rate was 31. 23%. The prevalence increased with rising age and BMI( χ2 age= 506. 870,χ2 BMI= 137. 240,P 0. 05),and declined with rising education level and family income( χ2 culture= 247. 270,χ2 family income= 60. 241,P 0. 05). Non- conditional logistic regression showed that age,overweight,obesity,never exercise weekly and smoking were risk factor,but primary,secondary and higher education and higher family income were protective factors for hypertension prevalence. Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension in Baoji city is relatirely highes. age, weight,education level,family income and smoking affected together the risk of hypertension among local residents.
Calmodulin Modulation of the Calcium Signal in Synaptic Transmission

Ca2+ plays a major role in the function of nervous tissue1,2. One of the most widely recognized roles of Ca2+ in synaptic function is its action in neurotransmission. Early studies showed that the release of neurotransmitter substances by vertebrate neuromuscular junctions was dependent upon the Ca2+ ion concentration in the media1-3. Elegant studies at the synaptic level most convincingly demonstrated that the effects of Ca2+ on neurotransmission were not secondary to effects of Ca2+ on the presynaptic action potential, but were directly dependent upon the entry of Ca2+ into the nerve terminal4-7. The role of Ca2+ in stimulus-secretion coupling has also been demonstrated in a variety of secretory processes in several tissues8. Thus, the role of Ca2+ in synaptic function is well established. One of the major questions in neuroscience research at the present time is what is the molecular mechanism mediating the effects of Ca2+ on synaptic activity.
Coloniality: The Cultural Policy of Post-colonialism

Any discussion of cultural policy must take into account the importance of public culture and tradition “in giving a sense of uniqueness and meaning to the individual political cultures” (Pye and Verba 1965: 19). Accordingly, a comprehensive analysis of a nation’s development involves not only its political institutions, but also its cultural identity. “As with politics in general, cultural politics involves the expression of the collective values of a people, the feelings of people about their social and group identities, and above all else the tests of loyalty and commitment” (Pye and Verba 1965: 19). The distinguishing characteristic of cultural policy in countries characterized by a legacy of coloniality is the importance of identity formation and the politics that are involved in formulating its definition.
On the correlation of optical and radio auroras

Abstract A comparison of simultaneous optical and radio auroral data obtained during 12 days in December, 1964, shows conclusively that the radio wave scattering belt includes the visual auroral belt. The optical data were obtained with the Alaskan network of all-sky cameras located between 65 and 80° north geomagnetic latitude. The multifrequency backscatter sounder operating at College was used to record the radio data. The excellent agreement that resulted leads us to conclude that the majority of the h.f. and low v.h.f. backscatter echoes originating in the E - and the F -regions at high latitudes are auroral echoes in the strict sense of the term. In the records shown the auroral belt was tracked from 65 to above 80° north geomagnetic latitude by a single sounder. It is concluded that the multifrequency h.f. backscatter sounder makes year-round observations of the auroral belt possible.
Extracting Information on Molecular Interactions using Data from Binary Mixtures

One general question in chemical and biological physics is how mixed molecular species behave compared to single-component systems. Here we investigate how binary solution mixtures affect the interaction between lipid membranes. Experimentally, by X-ray scattering, it is observed that the equilibrium spacing in multilamellar lipid vesicles although highly regular is very sensitive to the chemical composition of aqueous solutions. In order to understand the role of various ionic species on membrane equilibrium spacings, one can consider “competition” measurements in which the fraction of ionic components is varied at constant total concentration. A complete description of such measurements often requires a complicated theory with a large number of parameters. Here we show that experimental data curves can be parameterized with simple power functions using a mixing parameter and two mixing exponents. These phenomenological parameters are quite general and are a good measure of the cooperativity or competition of ionic or molecular species in binary mixtures.
Linking occupancy surveys with habitat characteristics to estimate abundance and distribution in an endangered cryptic bird

Accurate estimates of the distribution and abundance of endangered species are crucial to determine their status and plan recovery options, but such estimates are often difficult to obtain for species with low detection probabilities or that occur in inaccessible habitats. The Puaiohi (Myadestes palmeri) is a cryptic species endemic to Kauaʻi, Hawai‘i, and restricted to high elevation ravines that are largely inaccessible. To improve current population estimates, we developed an approach to model distribution and abundance of Puaiohi across their range by linking occupancy surveys to habitat characteristics, territory density, and landscape attributes. Occupancy per station ranged from 0.17 to 0.82, and was best predicted by the number and vertical extent of cliffs, cliff slope, stream width, and elevation. To link occupancy estimates with abundance, we used territory mapping data to estimate the average number of territories per survey station (0.44 and 0.66 territories per station in low and high occupancy streams, respectively), and the average number of individuals per territory (1.9). We then modeled Puaiohi occupancy as a function of two remote-sensed measures of habitat (stream sinuosity and elevation) to predict occupancy across its entire range. We combined predicted occupancy with estimates of birds per station to produce a global population estimate of 494 (95% CI 414–580) individuals. Our approach is a model for using multiple independent sources of information to accurately track population trends, and we discuss future directions for modeling abundance of this, and other, rare species.
The Impact of Process Diversity on Distillation Column Control

Abstract The engineering science of distillation column design and control is considered by many academic visionaries to be a mature field that is not worthy of continued research. However, the economic importance of distillation in the chemical and petroleum industries continues to be very significant. This is true in both old and new plants and processes. The replacement of "inefficient" distillation by newer separation methods that has been predicted for over a decade has not occurred. The hard-nosed economics continue to show well-designed distillation systems can out-perform any of the alternatives in a very large number of processes. Many universities around the world with more practical engineering research interests continue to have active research programs in distillation. This is particularly true in the area of the dynamics and control of distillation systems. The increasing diversity and complexity of distillation systems present significant design and control challenges for future engineers. This paper attempts to point out how the extensive diversity that is encountered in distillation applications has a significant impact on the design of control systems for distillation.
Growing Up Tested: Teachers' Lived Experiences of Testing as Students

Simply put, policies are regulations put into place by a governing body. Schools have dress code policies, districts have school assignment policies, and states have teacher certification policies....
The Makerspace Librarian’s Sourcebook

Throughout this contributed work, the emphasis is on imagination, collaboration, and production rather than technology, but considerable attention is paid to specific tools for makers.
microRNA-155 is a master regulator of dendritic cell function in breast cancer

In anti-tumor immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) capture, process and present tumor antigens to T cells, and initiate a tumoricidal response. However, DCs are often found dysfunctional due to their exposure to the tumor microenvironment (TME), leading to tumor escape from immune surveillance. The mechanisms underlying the regulation or dysregulation of DC function in the context of tumor has not been well elucidated. Here a vital role of microRNA-155 (miR-155) in regulating the function of DCs in breast cancer is reported. miR-155 expression is closely correlated with the maturation status, migration ability and cytokine production of DCs, as well as their ability to activate T cells. We further demonstrate that miR-155 regulates DC migration through epigenetic modulation of CCR7 expression. Moreover, IL-6 and IL-10, two cytokines abundant in the TME, are found to impair DC maturation by suppressing miR-155 expression. Animal studies show that lack of miR-155 diminishes, while forced expression of miR-155 enhances, the effectiveness of DC-based immunotherapy for breast cancer. These findings suggest miR-155 is a master regulator of DC function in breast cancer, and boosting the expression of a single microRNA, miR-155, may significantly improve the efficacy of DC-based immunotherapies for breast cancer.
Active in Not Being Active (AINBA): how East Asian powers accept R2P

ABSTRACTThis article explores and compares the positions of two major powers in East Asia—China and Japan—towards the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ (R2P) norm. R2P calls for collective international responsibility in the event that states are unwilling or unable to protect their people. Evaluating the mainstream argument in the literature that China and Japan have recently been welcoming the R2P norm, we ask the following questions: To what extent have China and Japan aligned themselves with R2P? How do international and national factors play out to influence their R2P stance? To summarize our findings up front: unlike what much of the current literature says, China and Japan's acceptance and practice of the R2P norm are largely pro forma. We argue that they both appear active in participating in the debates but only in order to remain inactive. In other words, they are active participants in the debates and discussions on R2P, but their aim is not to further its usage but to contain its effects. Their curr...
Social Discrimination and Health Care: A Multidimensional Framework of Experiences among a Low-Income Multiethnic Sample

The study aims to describe the perceived discriminatory health care treatment experiences and its impact on care among minority urban-dwelling adults. Semistructured qualitative interviews (N = 51)...
Mining the Web for Collocations: IR Models of Term Associations

Automatic collocation recognition has attracted considerable attention of researchers from diverse fields since it is one of the fundamental tasks in NLP, which feeds into several other tasks (e.g., parsing, idioms, summarization, etc.). Despite this attention the problem has remained a “daunting challenge.” As others have observed before, existing approaches based on frequencies and statistical information have limitations. An even bigger problem is that they are restricted to bigrams and as yet there is no consensus on how to extend them to trigrams and higher-order n-grams. This paper presents encouraging results based on novel angles of general collocation extraction leveraging statistics and the Web. In contrast to existing work, our algorithms are applicable to n-grams of arbitrary order, and directional. Experiments across several datasets, including a gold-standard benchmark dataset that we created, demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed methods.
A dynamic power flow algorithm in DTS considering wind/photovoltaic/diesel generators

Dynamic power flow calculation is an important functional module in DTS (Dispatcher Training System). With the fast development of renewable power installation worldwide, the penetration of wind and photovoltaic power in power system increases rapidly. To consider wind and photovoltaic models has been an urgent demand for frequency response calculation and power flow calculation. The paper first demonstrates the primary frequency regulation methods of renewable power generators on the basis of their static frequency regulation characteristics within fixed frequency intervals. Then a dynamic power flow calculation algorithm that considers the static frequency regulation characteristics of wind/photovoltaic/diesel in DTS system is brought up. Finally, the validity of proposed algorithm and program are verified by IEEE-30 bus system.
The Benefits and Challenges of Modeling Intra-Family Variability

As dynamically-changing collections of individuals, families can vary across moments, days, and years. Modeling such intra-family variability can offer unique and valuable insights into family functioning that are not available with traditional designs. Chapters by Teachman, Ram and colleagues, and Chow and colleagues offer new and creative ways to model different dimensions of intra-family variability. Yet the research designs necessary to provide such data present significant challenges in terms of time, effort, and resources. In this discussion, I highlight both the benefits and challenges of modeling intra-family variability, using hypothetical models of intra-family sleep as instructive examples.
Methoxy formation/spillover on Pd/Al2O3 studied by 13C, 1H NMR

Abstract The reaction of H 2 with 13 CO adsorbed on Pd/Al 2 O 3 has been investigated by solid state 13 C NMR. As the reaction proceeds, the peak for adsorbed CO on the Pd particles decreases while the intensity of a new peak near 60 ppm increases. This new peak is tentatively assigned to methoxy groups. When the sample was annealed at temperatures higher than 180°C, gas phase CH 4 was observed as a sharp peak near -10 ppm. The metallic character of the Pd particles was studied by observing the first moment and spin lattice relaxation time of the 13 CO on Pd which changed as the reaction progressed. Proton NMR was also employed to confirm the assignment of 13 C peaks as well as the presence of palladium hydride.
Learning English Light Verb Constructions: Contextual or Statistical

In this paper, we investigate a supervised machine learning framework for automatically learning of English Light Verb Constructions (LVCs). Our system achieves an 86.3% accuracy with a baseline (chance) performance of 52.2% when trained with groups of either contextual or statistical features. In addition, we present an in-depth analysis of these contextual and statistical features and show that the system trained by these two types of cosmetically different features reaches similar performance empirically. However, in the situation where the surface structures of candidate LVCs are identical, the system trained with contextual features which contain information on surrounding words performs 16.7% better. In this study, we also construct a balanced benchmark dataset with 2,162 sentences from BNC for English LVCs. And this data set is publicly available and is also a useful computational resource for research on MWEs in general.
Memantine and Cholinesterase Inhibitor Use in Alzheimer Disease Trials: Potential for Confounding by Indication (P6.178)

Objective: To evaluate the impact of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and memantine in cognitive and functional trajectories when use along novel therapies in trials for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Background: AChEIs and memantine are commonly prescribed medications for AD. Their concurrent use in AD RCTs with novel therapies is generally allowed without full appreciation of the potential for treatment interaction or confounding by indication. Recently failed AD trials have increased attention to such treatment interactions. We seek to evaluate whether use of AChEIs and/or memantine in AD trials are associated with different rates of cognitive and functional decline. Design/Methods: We pooled data from five Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study (ADCS) RCTs of mild to moderate AD (2003–2013). Subjects were included with an initial MMSE of 14–26 and with completion of 12 months of RCTs. Four groups were defined: AChEI use only (27%), memantine use only (16%), AChEIs+memantine (46%) and non-use (11%). Outcome measures were ADAS-cog, ADCS-ADL and MMSE change from baseline to 12 months. We used Fisher’s exact test, Wilcoxon signed rank test and Spearman’s tests to identify potential confounding variables. Mixed effect repeated measures models were used for adjustments and pairwise tests for comparing change score between subject groups. Results: There were 1423 subjects analyzed. Age, apolipoprotein E and initial MMSE were identified as significant covariates. On the ADAS-Cog there was a larger decline from baseline to 12 months in the memantine (p=0.0001) and AChEIs+memantine groups (p Conclusions: Memantine use, either as monotherapy or in combination with AChEIs, was associated with more rapid cognitive and functional decline over the course of 1 year. Further research will clarify whether biological differences could explain this apparent confounding by indication. Disclosure: Dr. Huisa-Garate has nothing to disclose. Dr. Thomas has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Toyama, InTelGenx. Dr. Thomas has received research support from Toyama. Dr. Jin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Oltersdorf has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Neuropore Therapies, Oncternal Therapeutics, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Crinetics Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Taylor has nothing to disclose. Dr. Feldman has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Medscape. Dr. Feldman has received research support from consulting service agreements with UCSD for Tau Rx, Merck, Eisai, Genentech, and Probiodrug (unpaid). Funding to the ADCS for clinical trials with Lilly, Toyama, and Biohaven.
Heat Flow Analysis in a Thermal Hybrid Solar Cell System with Concentrating Light

A thermal hybrid solar cell system is investigated using Si solar cells and concentrating optical system of a linear Fresnel lens and a parabolic mirror. Total energy usage efficiency is improved by additional mirrors and thermal insulators on the solar cells.
Fassier-Duval Rod Failure: Is It Related to Positioning in the Distal Epiphysis?

Background The relationship between Fassier-Duval (FD) rod placement and rod failure rates has not previously been quantified. Methods Retrospective review was conducted on patients with osteogenesis imperfecta treated with FD rods between 2005 and 2017. Age at first surgery, sex, Sillence type of osteogenesis imperfecta, bisphosphonate treatment, location of rod (side of body and specific bone), and dates of surgeries, radiographs, and rod failures were collected. C-arm images determined rod fixation within the distal epiphysis at the time of surgery. C-arm variables included rod deviation (percent deviation from the midline of the distal epiphysis) and anatomical direction of deviation (anterior/posterior and medial/lateral). X-ray images were examined for rod failure, which was defined as bending, pulling out of the physis, protrusion out of the bone, and/or failure to telescope. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compare failure rates with location of placement within the distal epiphysis allowing for clustering of the data by side (left or right) and bone (femur or tibia). Results The cohort was 13 patients (11 female individuals and 2 male individuals) with a total of 66 rods and 75 surgeries. Mean time from the first surgery to the last follow-up visit was 8.9 years (SD=5 y). There was a 7% increase in hazard of failure per 1-mm increase in antero-posterior (AP) deviation [hazard ratio (HR), 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.14; P=0.029)]. Similarly, there was a 9% increase in hazard of failure for every 1-mm increase in lateral deviation (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.18; P=0.019). A 12% increase in hazard of failure per 10% increase in deviation from the midline for both AP and lateral radiograph views was also found, although this was only statistically significant for lateral deviation on the AP radiograph view (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01-1.25; P=0.030). Conclusions FD rod placement within the distal epiphysis has significant impact on increasing rod survival. Level of evidence Level III-therapeutic study.
The Distribution Network Digital-Analog Hybrid Simulation Technology of Distributed Power Access

Digital physics hybrid simulation, which synthesizes the advantages of digital simulation and physical simulation, makes up for the shortcomings of both. In this way, a new idea for the simulation research of active intelligent distribution network is provided. In order to solve the problem of rough models of distributed power supply such as fan and photovoltaic connected in digital simulation of distribution network, a digital physical hybrid simulation scheme suitable for large-scale distribution network connected fan and photovoltaic is proposed. The interface unit design for digital simulation and physical simulation is discussed in detail, the advantages of hybrid interface scheme are demonstrated, and the concrete flow of hybrid simulation is given. Finally, an example is given to verify the feasibility of the proposed hybrid simulation scheme and the accuracy of the simulation method.
SAT-482 Simultaneous Hashimoto/Graves Disease or Prolonged Hashitoxicosis? A Diagnostic Challenge with Therapeutic Implications

Background: Some individuals with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), characterized by anti-TPO antibodies (Abs), can also have positive TSI Abs in up to 20% of cases, without necessarily having Graves disease (GD). Patients with signs of both hyper-and-hypothyroidism with positivity to these two Abs can pose a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma, as their course is often unpredictable. Clinical Case: A 49-year-old woman was diagnosed with hypothyroidism and took levothyroxine (LT4) for about 1 year, after which she developed symptoms of hyperthyroidism and was switched to methimazole (MMI), which she only took for 1 year. At her initial visit at our clinic she had been off of MMI for 12 months and she was biochemically hyperthyroid (TSH of 0.01 mcIU/ml, f-T4 of 2.26 ng/dl). TSI Abs were positive at 461, but she also tested positive for anti-TPO at 673. Thyroid receptor Abs (TRAb) were also elevated at 54.8. Her vital signs were stable, but she had marked proptosis and complained of eye dryness, so MMI was restarted. A RAIU scan could not be obtained, but a thyroid US showed a heterogeneous and hypervascular gland. On MMI, her thyroid function tests normalized, and her eye disease vastly improved over 2 years. Her MMI dose was progressively decreased until it was stopped completely. On re-evaluation a few months later, she had newly elevated TSH of 8.7 mcIU/ml and low f-T4 of 0.87 ng/dl, with no symptoms of hypothyroidism, so we opted for management with active surveillance instead of starting her on LT4. Her TSI level improved to 240, but remains elevated. Discussion: It is unclear if our patient has a mixed condition with features of both GD and HT, or if she has HT with a very prolonged hyperthyroid phase (hashitoxicosis). Extended periods of hashitoxicosis have been described, the longest reported lasted for 2 years[1]. Simultaneous presentation of GD and HT is very rare, with only a few cases described in the literature. RAIU scan is often diagnostic, showing increased uptake as seen in GD, but patchy areas of decreased uptake can also be seen. In our case it is likely that HT and GD were coexisting, with GD masking the hypothyroidism, until the former remitted with MMI, and her HT took over. Though no RAIU scan was available, the TSI positivity, clinical response of her hyperthyroidism to MMI and the presence of orbitopathy rule in favor of co-existing GD. Decision to treat with LT4 should be weighed against the risk of causing recurrence of hyperthyroidism. Special considerations should be taken in women of childbearing age due to the difficult management that overlapping hyper/hypothyroidism would entail during pregnancy. References: 1. Shahbaz, A et al. Prolonged Duration of Hashitoxicosis in a Patient with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Cureus. 2018; 10(6):e2804
Chapter 23 - Echinometra

Echinometra is the most common and abundant sea urchin in the tropics and the focus of a broad array of evolutionary, biological and ecological studies. There are an estimated eight species that have evolved primarily by isolation associated with distance and sea level change. Echinometra has a small body size and low resource requirements, which allow it to live in cryptic, stressful and low predation environments. Echinometra flexibly allocates resources primarily to reproduction, and its high reproduction and recruitment rates make it able to colonize low predation habitats quickly. Triggerfish, larger-bodied wrasses, emperors and porgies are the main predators of Echinometra. Echinometra has two feeding modes, one consuming benthic algae and the other reliant on detritus. Echinometra can reach very high densities (> 100 m−2), particularly when detritus is abundant, and they can be a major contributor to reef erosion when feeding on benthic algae.
Rock Canyon near Provo, Utah County: A Geologic Field Laboratory

Rock Canyon near Provo, Utah is an ideal outdoor laboratory. The canyon has been known and explored for many years by scientists and students for its fascinating geology, biology, and botany. It is also a favorite location for rock climbers, hikers, and other outdoor enthusiasts. Facilities near the mouth of the canyon including parking, restrooms, a lecture amphitheater, and a covered pavilion with picnic tables provide an ideal location for visitors. Geology is the focal point of this beautiful canyon with a history that stretches from the Precambrian (about 700 million years ago) to the Wasatch fault and Lake Bonneville, which covered much of western Utah at its peak roughly 18,000 years ago. Excellent exposures of the rocks allow visitors to see features clearly and piece together the history of the canyon. The oldest rocks are glacial deposits of the Mineral Fork Tillite. The tillite is overlain by a thick section of Paleozoic rocks of Cambrian to Permian age, all of which have been deformed into an asymmetric, overturned fold formed during the Sevier orogeny, a roughly 140 to 50 million year old mountain building event. The upper reaches of the canyon were sculpted by glaciers during the Pleistocene and deposits of the Provo and Bonneville levels of Lake Bonneville are found at the mouth of the canyon, now cut by a recent alluvial fan. Also, at the mouth of the canyon are excellent exposures of features associated with the Wasatch fault.