cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Proteins in Crystals: Comparison of Experiment with Simple Models

The dynamic behavior of proteins in crystals is examined by comparing theory and experiments. The Gaussian network model (GNM) and a simplified version of the crystallographic translation libration screw (TLS) model are used to calculate mean square fluctuations of C(alpha) atoms for a set of 113 proteins whose structures have been determined by x-ray crystallography. Correlation coefficients between the theoretical estimations and experiment are calculated and compared. The GNM method gives better correlation with experimental data than the rigid-body libration model and has the added benefit of being able to calculate correlations between the fluctuations of pairs of atoms. By incorporating the effect of neighboring molecules in the crystal the correlation is further improved.
Evidence for an autoprotease activity of sindbis virus capsid protein

Abstract Sindbis virus capsid protein is virtually the only product formed when viral 26 S RNA is added to a mouse Krebs ascites cell-free protein synthesis system. However, substitution of arginine and proline by the respective analogues canavanine and azetidine-2-carboxylate inhibits capsid production and larger polypeptides accumulate. The latter are converted to capsid in pulse-chase experiments when the normal amino acids are added during the chase, but not if the chase period contains only the analogues in the reaction mixture. These results support an autoprotease model for the co-translational cleavage of Sindbis virus capsid proteins.
Specificity and cross-reactivity of hybridoma antibodies generated against Eimeria bovis sporozoites.

Abstract Spleens from mice immunized with Eimeria bovis sporozoites were removed and the cells fused with mouse myeloma cells to produce hybridoma cell lines (HCLs). The resulting HCLs were examined for antibody (HAB) production against E. bovis sporozoites using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test on air-dried sporozoites. Four fusions resulted in the production of 19 HCLs that produced HABs to E. bovis sporozoites. These 19 HCLs were further tested for reactivity with cell culture-grown merozoites of E. bovis and Sarcocystis cruzi of cattle; sporozites of Eimeria tenella from chickens, Eimeria meleagrimitis from turkeys, Eimeria papillata and Eimeria vermiformis from mice; and bradyzoites of S. cruzi from calves. Six HCLs produced HABs that reacted only with E. bovis sporozoites and were species specific/stage specific. Two HCLs produced HABs that reacted only with E. bovis sporozoites and merozoites, and were species specific/stage cross-reactive. Seven HCLs produced HABs that reacted with the sporozoites of the other Eimeria species examined and were species cross-reactive/stage specific. Four of the HCLs produced HABs that reacted with all organisms tested and were species cross-reactive/stage cross-reactive. The results of this study suggest the conservation of some antigens through-out developmental stages and genera of Eimeriorina.
The academic performance of legacies

Abstract The mounting evidence of the returns to college quality has focused attention on the admissions practice of preferential treatment of legacies. This paper finds that legacies are slightly less likely to receive top grades, although the magnitude of these effects are quite small.
Optical Bleaching in Continuous Laser-Excited Photothermal Lens Spectrometry:

This paper presents methods for measuring and modeling optical bleaching that occurs, by using continuous laser sources for solution-phase organic dye molecule spectrometry. Photothermal lens experiments are used to measure the nonlinear optical absorption coefficients of eosin Y, erythrosin B, and pseudo-isocyanine iodide dyes in ethanol as a function of excitation irradiance. Excitation irradiance-dependent photothermal lens data are subsequently interpreted in terms of the photophysics and excited-state relaxation dynamics of the condensed-phase dye molecules under study. The model uses first-order kinetics for excitation and subsequent metastable-state relaxation back to the ground state and accounts for both ground- and metastable-state absorption. The measurement model accounts for thermal lens formation and apparatus configuration. Nonlinear absorption measurements are fit to the model with nonlinear regression. The resulting parameters allow calculation of triplet-state absorption coefficients and triplet to ground singlet state-relaxation rate constants.
Ovarian influence on gonadotropin and prolactin release in mated rabbits

In 17β-estradiol (E)-treated ovariectomized (OVX) rabbits, the coitus-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) surge is only one fourth that in ovarian-intact rabbits. In this study, we determined the pattern of the coitusinduced gonadotropin release, i.e., LH and folliclestimulating hormone (FSH), in OVX + E animals without or with continuous 3-wk treatment of 20-α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (20αP). For positive and negative experimental controls, ovarian-intact rabbits were either mated or sham mated, respectively. The pituitary hormones prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) were measured to serve as collateral controls for gonadotropins. The addition of continuous 20αP in OVX + E does fail to stimulate a coitus-induced LH surge equal in magnitude and duration to the LH surge in ovarian-intact rabbits. Postcoital levels of FSH were greater in OVX + E + 20αP animals than those in OVX + E rabbits. Coitus induced a PRL surge in ovarianintact and OVX + steroid-treated females, but not in mated males, thereby suggesting a gender difference in this neuroendocrine circuit. Neither coitus nor steroids altered plasma GH values in female or male animals. We conclude that chronic administration of neither E nor E + 20αP can restore full-scale gonadotropin surges in OVX rabbits, whereas replacement of one or both of these steroids is sufficient for a coitusinduced PRL surge. Moreover, the presented observation that activin stimulates hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release suggests a possible involvement of ovarian proteins in the production of a full-scale coitus-induced GnRH/LH surge.
Growth Hormone Secretion in the Rat: Metabolic Clearance and Secretion Rates

The metabolic clearance and secretion rates of growth hormone have been determined in anesthetized adult rats using a constant infusion of 131I-rat growth hormone and single injections of both 131I-growth hormone and unlabeled pituitary growth hormone. Similar values were obtained for the metabolic clearance rate using the 3 techniques, with a mean of 1.19 ml/min. The mean basal secretion rate determined by the constant infusion technique was 13.1 ng/min. In rats subjected to ventromedial hypothalamic stimulation, plasma growth hormone levels rose 5-fold within 10 min, but no depletion of pituitary growth hormone was noted as compared to rats stimulated in the cerebral cortex where plasma growth hormone did not rise. Calculations using the changes in plasma growth hormone and the metabolic clearance rate indicated that the quantity of growth hormone secreted in response to hypothalamic stimulation was less than 1 % of the pituitary growth hormone content, thereby explaining the lack of observed pituitary ...
The origins of human embryonic stem cell research policies in the US states

Stem cell research has emerged as a state-level science and technology policy issue in recent years in the USA, with some states supporting research in the field and others choosing to restrict it. In this paper, we systematically explore the factors that are associated with US states' adoptions of both supportive and restrictive stem cell policies. Our analysis identifies several factors, including partisan politics, existing morality policies, the strength of a state's scientific community and the policy environment in neighboring states, which influence the adoption of state stem cell policies. Our paper aims to advance the science and technology policy literature by providing insight into the factors that push states to adopt science policies when economic development goals conflict with ethical concerns. Copyright The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com, Oxford University Press.
A staining technique for evaluating the pore structure variations of microcrystalline cellulose powders

Abstract A staining technique was developed for evaluating the pore structure of microcrystalline cellulose powders. This technique used two direct dyes as molecular probes and was based on the differences between the two dyes' molecular size and affinity for microcrystalline cellulose. Direct Blue 1 has a smaller molecular size and weaker affinity for microcrystalline cellulose compared to Direct Orange 15, which has a larger molecular size and stronger affinity. We used the ratio of adsorbed Direct Orange 15 to adsorbed Direct Blue 1 after 48 h staining [designated as ( O B ) 48 ] as the parameter for evaluating the pore structure variations between different microcrystalline cellulose powders. Seven microcrystalline cellulose samples of three different grades—Avicel PH-101, Avicel PH-102 and Avicel PH-103—were analyzed for their ( O B ) 48 ratios, and significant differences were found. These differences are present primarily among different grades and seco among different batches of the same grade. Among the three grades tested, it was found the their ( O B ) 48 ratios have the following sequence: Avicel PH-103 > Avicel PH-101 > Avicel PH-102. This suggested that structure variations are significant among different microcrystalline celluloses of both different grades and batches, but the degree of variation between different batches is less than that between different grades of microcrystalline cellulose.
The arbitration literature: Who contributes?

Who shapes, fashions, and molds the body of labor arbitral thought? This article answers this question and identifies the characteristics of those who contribute to the arbitration literature. Factor analysis was applied to and descriptive statistics calculated for data on 540 authors whose works the Committee on Research of the National Academy of Arbitrators believes constitute the most complete compendium of important arbitration literature available. The study concludes that members of the National Academy are more productive than nonmembers; for both members and nonmembers, practicing attorneys publish more arbitration awards than do professors; and practicing attorneys publish more articles, books, and monographs than do professors.
Microtasking on IBM multiprocessors

The demand for very high computing performance has become increasingly common in many scientific and engineering environments. In addition to vector processing, parallel computing is now considered a useful way to enhance performance. However, parallel computing tends to be unpopular among users because, with presently available technology and software, it requires explicit programmer intervention to exploit architectural parallelism. This intervention can be minor in some cases, but it often requires a non-negligible amount of program restructuring, or even a reformulation of some of the algorithms used. In addition, it makes program debugging considerably more difficult. Tools for interprocedural program analysis, able to analyze at high levels large FORTRAN programs composed of many subroutines and to perform an automatic high-level parallelism could also be exploited automatically.
A DIGESTIVE PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 IN THE TIGER BEETLE CICINDELLA CIRCUMPICTA

Abstract We report on phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) in the midgut contents of tiger beetles Cicindella circumpicta . PLA 2 is responsible for hydrolyzing fatty acids from the sn -2 position of dietary phospholipids (PLs), an essential step in the digestion and absorption of essential fatty acids. As expected from the background of mammalian digestive PLA 2 s, the midgut PLA 2 was Ca 2+ -dependent. The PLA 2 in tiger beetle midgut contents was influenced by altering the reaction conditions, including incubation time, protein concentrations, pH and temperature. Routine assay conditions included incubating 3.3 μg of protein prepared from midgut contents in Tris buffer (pH 9.0) for 30 min at 28 °C. Partial purification on size-exclusion chromatography indicated that the molecular weight of the midgut PLA 2 is approximately 22 kDa. The partially purified PLA 2 was inhibited by the site-specific inhibitor oleyoxyethyl phosphorylcholine. The presence of the PLA 2 in the midgut contents is related to feeding activity, because the midgut contents of unfed beetles did not express PLA 2 . We suggest that PLA 2 s are a common, and quite important, feature of insect digestive physiology.
Effect of Modifying Intervention Set Size with Acquisition Rate Data Among Students Identified with a Learning Disability

The amount of information that students can successfully learn and recall at least 1 day later is called an acquisition rate (AR) and is unique to the individual student. The current study extended previous drill rehearsal research with word recognition by (a) using students identified with a learning disability in reading, (b) assessing set sizes based on AR to determine efficiency, and (c) examining generalization. One fourth- and two fifth-grade male students identified with a learning disability in reading were taught words in sets of two, eight, and their individual AR. Retention was higher in the AR condition, and the AR condition was more efficient than the other two. Implications for future research are included.
Explosive removals of offshore structures in the Gulf of Mexico

A statistical description of the explosive removal of offshore structures in the federally regulated Outer Continental Shelf of the Gulf of Mexico are presented based on data collected by the US Minerals Management Service. The influence of factors such as water depth, planning area, configuration type, and structure age upon the application of explosive removal methods are investigated. The number of structures expected to be removed from the Gulf of Mexico using explosive methods is also forecast over a short-term time horizon according to structure, configuration type, water depth, and a planning area categorization.
Ascorbic Acid Retention in Retort Pouched Green Beans

The L-ascorbic acid (AA) retention in and sensory quality of green beans processed under home-canning conditions in retort pouches and metal cans were compared. Green beans processed in cans retained slightly more AA than that processed in the pouches, possibly due to overprocessing of the pouched product. Metal cans offered better AA retention in the green beans than the retort pouches during 11 wk of storage at 21°C, due mainly to a higher rate of AA degradation occurring in the pouched product during the first week of storage. Sensory evaluation showed that the retort pouched beans were significantly better (p < 0.05) than the canned green beans in flavor, texture, and overall acceptance, but not in color.
Structural Characterization of the Dilute Aqueous Surfactant Solution of Cetylpyridinium Bromide/Hexanol/Sodium Bromide

The liquid crystalline alignment medium based on a quasi-ternary surfactant system comprising cetylpyridinium bromide (CPBr)/hexanol/sodium bromide [6.5% CPBr/hexanol (1/1.33, w/w), 30 mM NaBr in 1...
The challenges of analyzing cost-effectiveness with a computer model

We read with great interest the article by Ailawadi et al. (1). This decision analysis attempts to answer a question for which a clinical trial would be difficult and expensive. The authors compare two strategies for management of possible ectopic pregnancies. However, we thought that many of the assumptions were poor at best, and we were disappointed that the article failed to truly meet the criteria for a costeffectiveness analysis.
Volcanic hazards mitigation: A component of the U.N. International Decade of Natural Disaster Reduction

Natural hazards present a world problem that transcends political boundaries and often results in large loss of life, economic losses, and other hardships, which are particularly acute in more vulnerable countries of the developing world. It has been estimated that natural disasters have claimed about 3 million lives worldwide in the past two decades, adversely affected the lives of at least 800 million people, and caused immediate damages estimated at $100 billion. Losses due to natural disasters are clearly on the increase, due to rapid population growth and increasing concentration of the growth in vulnerable areas. When a natural disaster strikes, the global community reacts in the form of financial aid and other assistance to the stricken nation. In the last decade, for example, direct annual foreign disaster assistance by the U.S. government has ranged from $100 to $800 million. However, despite the considerable sums involved, international aid to stricken countries rarely exceeds 4% of disaster losses.
Binaural interaction effects on the auditory brainstem response of the cat and kitten.

Abstract The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is a series of volume conducted potentials that can be recorded from the scalp within 10 ms following auditory stimulation. Differences between ABRs evoked with binaural stimulation and those constructed by summing equivalent numbers of monaural stimulation to each ear indicate the presence of binaural interaction for some ABR potentials but not for others. In the present study, ABR binaural interactions were studied in both cats and kittens. Binaural interactions were not seen for waves 1–3 but were present at the latencies of waves 4, 5 and, in most cases, 6. The sound intensities used were selected to insure that acoustic cross-over, i.e. sound presented monaurally to one ear stimulating the other, did not influence binaural interaction effects. Experiments with cats that had been monaurally deafened confirmed that the effects observed were not due to acoustic crossover. Systematic manipulation of stimulus rate and intensity produced marked changes in the level of binaural interaction. Increases in stimulation rate from 10 to 100 clicks/s reduced binaural interaction for wave 4 and reversed the direction of binaural interaction of wave 5. Wave 6 was not generally present at rates above 10 clicks/s. Reduction of stimulus intensity reducted binaural interaction for wave 4. Binaural interaction effects were at adult levels in kittens of 20 days for waves 4 and 5. Wave 6 was not present until 30 days of age. These data suggest a possible model of the physiological processes producing binaural which is based on occlusion as seen in other areas of the nervous system. In such a model, convergent input becomes more important in driving the generators of some ABR potentials when the system is stressed (as for example, by increased stimulus rate), than it is when the system is not stressed.
Complement-activating antineutrophil antibody in systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract Serum samples from 18 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were tested for neutrophil C3-fixing ability and neutrophilbinding IgG by the binding of radiolodinated monoclonal anti-C3 antibody and staphylococcal protein A to paraformaldehyde-fixed allogeneic neutrophils sensitized with serum. Serum from patients with SLE resulted in the binding of significantly greater amounts of IgG to neutrophils than normal serum, but this IgG binding did not correlate with the degree of neutropenia. In contrast, serum samples from 10 neutropenic patients with SLE resulted in the binding of significantly greater amounts of C3 to neutrophils when compared with serum samples from eight non-neutropenic patients with SLE. Fixation of C3 to neutrophils by serum from patients with SLE appeared to be due to the binding of complement-activating monomeric antineutrophil IgG autoantibody. A significant negative correlation (r = -0.78) between the neutrophil count and the C3-fixing ability of serum from patients with SLE suggested that antineutrophil antibody-mediated activation of complement may be important in the pathophysiology of neutropenia in SLE.
Direct determination of interaction potentials from gas viscosity measurements alone

Abstract The direct inversion scheme of Smith and co-workers has been modified so as to remove the requirement that the well depth ϵ be known independently before the interaction potential can be determined from gas viscosity data. It is shown that the entire potential, including ϵ, can be determined within about 5% even when the viscosity measurements are uncertain by 1%.
Using the vocabulary of software engineering to describe ABET accreditation

In this paper we use some common terminology from the computing field to help explain several concepts in the ABET accreditation process that appear to be rather widely misunderstood in the educational computing community. We show how the familiar terms "software quality metric," "software process metric," "quality assurance," and the "test-debug cycle" are used to help explain and clarify several fundamental ABET accreditation activities.
Helping behavior: The cry for help

If an “injured” workman called out for help, 81% of the college Ss helped him. If the workman groaned in pain but did not call out, only 29% helped. The difference was significant and could not be accounted for by differences in judgments of amount of pain felt by the workman in the two conditions.
Colitis in transgenic and knockout animals as models of human inflammatory bowel disease.

Summary: Spontaneous colitis In knockout (KO) and transgenic rodents provides experimental models to study the development of mucosal inflammation and inflaminatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and interactive colitis). Genetic and environmental factors, particularly the normal enteric flora, are important factors in the development of mucosal inflammation. The normal mucosal homeostasis is disrupted when there is either cytokine imbalance, abrogation of oral tolerance, alteration of epithelial barrier and function or loss of immunoregulatory cells. Some but not all immunodeficiencies, in the appropriate setting, lead to colitis. CD4-’ T cells have been identified as the pathogenic T ceils in colitis, which mediate inflammation by either the Thl or the Th2 pathway. The Thi pathway dominates most colitis models and in Crohn's disease. In contrase. the colitis in TCRa KO mice shares many features of ulcerative colitis including the dominance of Th2 pathway in colonic inflammation. A major benefit of these models is in the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Msp1/ATAD1 maintains mitochondrial function by facilitating the degradation of mislocalized tail-anchored proteins.

The majority of ER-targeted tail-anchored (TA) proteins are inserted into membranes by the Guided Entry of Tail-anchored protein (GET) system. Disruption of this system causes a subset of TA proteins to mislocalize to mitochondria. We show that the AAA+ ATPase Msp1 limits the accumulation of mislocalized TA proteins on mitochondria. Deletion of MSP1 causes the Pex15 and Gos1 TA proteins to accumulate on mitochondria when the GET system is impaired. Likely as a result of failing to extract mislocalized TA proteins, yeast with combined mutation of the MSP1 gene and the GET system exhibit strong synergistic growth defects and severe mitochondrial damage, including loss of mitochondrial DNA and protein and aberrant mitochondrial morphology. Like yeast Msp1, human ATAD1 limits the mitochondrial mislocalization of PEX26 and GOS28, orthologs of Pex15 and Gos1, respectively. GOS28 protein level is also increased in ATAD1−/− mouse tissues. Therefore, we propose that yeast Msp1 and mammalian ATAD1 are conserved members of the mitochondrial protein quality control system that might promote the extraction and degradation of mislocalized TA proteins to maintain mitochondrial integrity.
Screening isolates of Hirsutella species for biocontrol of Heterodera glycines

The fungi, Hirsutella rhossiliensis and Hirsutella minnesotensis, are two endoparasites of second-stage juveniles (J2) of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines. The objective of this study was to screen for effective fungal isolates to control the nematode in laboratory and greenhouse assays. A total of 93 isolates of H. rhossiliensis and 25 isolates of H. minnesotensis were evaluated for parasitism of SCN J2 on cornmeal agar. Percentage of SCN J2 parasitized by the fungi varied among the fungal isolates. Most H. rhossiliensis isolates parasitized a high percentage of J2. The isolates of H. rhossiliensis obtained from bacteria-feeding nematodes, however, generally did not parasitize J2 on agar. H. minnesotensis parasitized fewer J2 on agar than did H. rhossiliensis . Forty isolates of H. rhossiliensis and four isolates of H. minnesotensis that parasitized a high percentage of J2 on agar were evaluated for their biocontrol potential in soil treated with microwave heating. Most isolates selec...
HANS DELBRÜCK AND MODERN MILITARY HISTORY

(1993). Hans Delbruck and Modern Military History. The Historian: Vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 517-526.
AN ASSESSMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE AND P—E FIT: A TOOL FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE

Person—environment (P—E) fit has long been a focus in organizational research. A climate‐based measure of P—E Fit was developed for use in organizational and individual assessment. A series of studies with a Q‐sort measure of climate and fit (the Organizational Fit Instrument—OFI) indicated ways in which P—E fit information can be used in organizational development. In addition, the psychometric properties of the OFI assessed in these studies suggested that, despite the ipsative nature of the measure, it may provide the organizational development practitioner or researcher with a sound and useful tool. Suggestions for future research are proposed.
State Estimation for Autonomous Helicopter via Sensor Modeling

This paper presents a technique to accurately estimate the states of a small autonomous helicopter using a combination of gyroscopes, accelerometers, and GPS. State estimation is performed by using indirect Kalman filtering based on sensor modeling and error dynamics, not helicopter modeling. The number of measurements available to the Kalman filter is nine: three attitude rates (θΦψ) from the gyroscopes, three accelerations (x, y, z), and three position measurements (x, y, z) from the GPS. The Kalman filter is decomposed into two loosely coupled filters - one for attitude and the other for position estimation for fast computation.
Relationship of fertilizers on soil pH and fruit disorders of apples and pears.

Abstract In nutrition experiments of fruit‐growing areas of central Washington state, ‘Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica) orchards and ‘d'Anjou’ pear (Pyrus communis L.) orchards with the lowest soil pH values had a high incidence of fruit disorders and the lowest concentration of leaf calcium (Ca). In contrast, orchards with the highest soil pH values had the highest concentration of soil Ca (meq 100 g‐1) and the lowest incidence offrait disorders (bitter pit for apples and alfalfa greening, black end and cork spot for pears). Apple orchards with the highest soil pH values also had ‘Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apples containing the highest concentration of Ca, but Ca concentrations in ‘d'Anjou’ pears were not significantly different among the different soil pH groups.
3 From Page One to the End

In Chap. 1, I reviewed your motivation to write, discussed how to find needed information, and enumerated the important questions that must be asked about any writing project. In Chap. 2, I discussed the blueprint for your project—the idea and structure—and the tools you will use, namely paragraphs, sentences, and words. Now let’s look at putting it all together, from page one to the end, starting with your idea and how to handle to it.
Percutaneous venovenous perfusion-induced systemic hyperthermia for advanced non–small cell lung cancer: initial clinical experience

Abstract Background . Venovenous perfusion-induced systemic hyperthermia raises core body temperature by extracorporeal heating of the blood. Five patients with advanced non–small cell lung carcinoma stage IV (4.4 ± 1 months after initial diagnosis) received venovenous perfusion-induced systemic hyperthermia to 42.5°C (core temperature) to assess technical and patient risks. Methods . After general anesthesia and systemic heparinization (activated clotting time > 300 seconds), percutaneous cannulation of the right internal jugular vein (15F) for drainage and common femoral vein (15F) for reinfusion allowed extracorporeal flow rates up to 1,500 mL/min (20 mL · kg −1 · min −1 ) with the ThermoChem System. This device uses charcoal-based sorbent for electrolyte homeostasis. Six monitored sites (rectal, bladder, tympanic ×2, nasopharyngeal, and esophageal) determined average core temperature. Results . All patients achieved a core target temperature of 42.5°C for 2 hours. Electrolyte balance was maintained throughout hyperthermia (mean) in mmol/L: Na + , 136.2 ± 2.2 mmol/L; K + , 4.0 ± 0.3 mmol/L; Ca 2+ , 4.1 ± 0.2 mg/dL; Mg 2+ , 1.9 ± 0.1 mg/dL; PO 4 − , 4.5 ± 0.9 mg/dL). Plasma cytokine concentration revealed significant heat-induced activation of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cascades. All patients exhibited systemic vasodilation requiring norepinephrine infusion, 4 of 5 patients required vigorous diuresis, and 3 of 5 required intubation for 24 to 36 hours because of pulmonary edema or somnolence, with full recovery. Average length of hospital stay was 5.4 days. Serial tumor measurements (1 patient withdrew) revealed a decrease (64.5% ± 18%) in tumor size in 2 patients, no change in 1, and enlargement in 1, with no 30-day mortality. Median survival after hyperthermia treatment was 172 days (range, 40 to 271 days). Conclusions . Venovenous perfusion-induced systemic hyperthermia is feasible and provides the following potential advantages for better tumoricidal effect: (1) homogeneous heating, and (2) a higher sustained temperature.
Seasonal to tidal variability in currents, stratification and acoustic backscatter in an Antarctic ecosystem at Deception Island

Abstract The annual cycle of the marine ecosystem of a semi-enclosed bay at Deception Island, Antarctica, was studied with moorings and cruises from March 1999 to November 2000. Moored observations of water temperature, currents and acoustic Doppler profiler (ADP) backscatter amplitude were made during the experiment. A camera and anemometer monitored winds and ice cover from the northern ridge. We estimate that water parcels inside Deception Island have a mean residence time of 2.4 years, and a 1% volume exchange occurs over each tidal cycle. Seasonal and diurnal processes dominated water temperature and current variability. ADP backscatter amplitude was consistent with the diel migration of zooplankton.
Combining generalized Gaussian density and energy distribution in wavelet analysis for texture classification

Wavelet decomposition has been successfully applied to the texture classification. Several features from wavelet subbands have been extracted for classification. Of these features, energy is the most commonly used. Recent research revealed that generalized Gaussian density (GGD) outperforms the energy feature by achieving higher classification accuracy. This paper analyzes the advantage and disadvantage of these two features and proposes a scheme to combine both features for texture classification. Analysis shows that the proposed feature approximate another successfully applied histogram feature, but with much less parameters. Experiments are conducted on fingerprint verification, i.e., classifying different images that belong to the same texture class. The results show that the proposed feature effectively outperforms both energy feature and GGD feature.
Unsteady diffusion effects on electrodeposition into a submicron trench

Electrodeposition of a metal into rectangular cross-section trenches by the application of a current or potential step is investigated via numerical simulations. The feasibility of decoupling of the phenomena occurring on scales of the trench filling time and the species diffusion time is examined. Short time scale events under potentiostatic plating conditions are compared with those events that occur under galvanostatic conditions. Two numerical schemes, the finite volume method (FVM) and the boundary element method (BEM), are used in solving the unsteady diffusion problems. Furthermore, unsteady diffusion with nonlinear reaction rate kinetics on the cathode is considered.
The influence of part-word phonotactic probability/neighborhood density on word learning by preschool children varying in expressive vocabulary*

The goal of this study was to examine the influence of part-word phonotactic probability/neighborhood density on word learning by preschool children with normal vocabularies that varied in size. Ninety-eight children (age 2 ; 11–6 ; 0) were taught consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) nonwords orthogonally varying in the probability/density of the CV (i.e. body) and VC (i.e. rhyme). Learning was measured via picture naming. Children with the lowest expressive vocabulary scores showed no effect of either CV or VC probability/density, although floor effects could not be ruled out. In contrast, children with low or high expressive vocabulary scores demonstrated sensitivity to part-word probability/density with the nature of the effect varying by group. Children with the highest expressive vocabulary scores displayed yet a third pattern of part-word probability/density effects. Taken together, word learning by preschool children was influenced by part-word probability/density but the nature of this influence appeared to depend on the size of the lexicon.
Magmatic processes revealed by textural and compositional trends in Merapi dome lavas

Syn-eruptive degassing of volcanoes may lead to syn-eruptive crystallization of groundmass phases. We have investigated this process using textural and compositional analysis of dome material from Merapi volcano, Central Java, Indonesia. Samples included dome lavas from the 1986‐88, 1992‐93, 1994 and 1995 effusive periods as well as pyroclastic material deposited by the November 1994 dome collapse. With total crystallinities commonly in excess of 70% (phenocrysts 1 microlites), the liquids present in Merapi andesites are highly evolved (rhyolitic) at the time of eruption. Feldspar microlites in dome rocks consist of plagioclase cores (Ab63An29Or8) surrounded by alkali feldspar rims (Ab53An5Or42), compositional pairs which are not in equilibrium. A change in the phase relations of the ternary feldspar system caused by degassing best explains the observed transition in feldspar composition. A small proportion of highly vesicular airfall tephra grains from the 1994 collapse have less evolved glass compositions than typical dome material and contain rimless plagioclase microlites, suggesting that the 1994 collapse event incorporated less-degassed, partially liquid magma in addition to fully solidified dome rock. As decompression drives volatile exsolution, rates of degassing and resultant microlite crystallization may be governed by magma ascent rate. Microlite crystallinity is nearly identical among the 1995 dome samples, an indication that similar microlite growth conditions (PH2 O and temperature) were achieved throughout this extrusive period. However, microlite number density varied by more than a factor of four in these samples, and generally increased with distance from the vent. Low vent-ward microlite number densities and greater microlite concentrations down-flow probably reflect progressively decreasing rates of undercooling at the time of crystal nucleation during extrusion of the 1995 dome. Comparison between dome extrusion episodes indicates a correlation between lava effusion rate and microlite number density, suggesting that extrusion slowed during 1995. Crystal textures and compositions in the 1992‐93 and 1994 domes share the range exhibited by the 1995 dome, suggesting that transitions in crystallization conditions (i.e., rates of undercooling determined by effusion rate) are cyclic. q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Conventional and fuzzy accuracy assessment of the New York Gap Analysis Project land cover map

The accuracy of a regional-scale thematic map of land cover was assessed using conventional and fuzzy methods. The mapping process integrated Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data with expert knowledge to map land cover for a 12 million-ha area. Accuracy assessment was based on a stratified random sample of 113 sampling areas. Paired observed and predicted land cover types for 9745 polygons for conventional accuracy and 933 polygons for fuzzy accuracy were collected. Overall map accuracies using conventional methods ranged from 74% to 42% for maps with increasing taxonomic resolution. Fuzzy map accuracies were assessed at low and high taxonomic resolutions resulting in an improvement in map accuracy of 19% and 23%, respectively. The nature, magnitude, and frequency of errors associated with mapping land cover types for large land areas at different levels of taxonomic resolution are reported, and two accuracy assessment methods are compared with respect to information content and opportunities for improving map quality.
An Upper Bound for the Bisection Width of a Diagonal Mesh

Recently, it was correctly pointed out by Jha that there is an error in our earlier paper on diagonal mesh networks. In response to Jha's critique, we now provide an upper bound on the bisection width of a diagonal mesh. The proof is a constructive one and an algorithm is provided to divide the network into two equal halves (plus/minus one node)
Correlation of charge-to-breakdown obtained from constant current stresses and ramped current stresses, and the implications for ultra-thin gate oxides

Charge-to-breakdown (Q/sub BD/) is one of the parameters that is used as a measure of oxide quality. In this work, the influence of the measurement conditions on Q/sub BD/ is examined, as well as the relationship between Q/sub BD/ and oxide thickness. Using oxides ranging from 45 /spl Aring/ to 80 /spl Aring/, two Q/sub BD/ measurement methods are employed: constant current stress and exponential current ramp. A variety of current densities (for the constant current stress) and delay times (for the exponential current ramp) are studied. It is shown that not only does Q/sub BD/ depend on oxide thickness, but that Q/sub BD/ depends strongly on the measurement conditions, and that depending on the test conditions, Q/sub BD/ can increase or decrease as the oxide thickness decreases. It is also shown that there is a strong agreement between the Q/sub BD/ measured with a constant current stress and the Q(BD) measured with an exponential current ramp. Finally, the equipment-related limitations of the exponential current ramp are discussed, as well as the impact these limitations have on the underestimation of the resulting Q/sub BD/.
Development and Testing of a Persistent Flux Bias for Qubits

We have realized an on-chip persistent flux bias for our flux based qubit by adding a switchable aluminum shunt to the niobium flux bias coils. This inductive shunt can create a persistent current loop by trapping the bias flux at the superconducting transition of the Al. When the Al is superconducting, the noise spectral density from the flux bias and the damping due to the flux bias should both be reduced by a factor of 100, since the inductance ratio,Lsh/Lp, is 0.1. This reduces one of the sources of decoherence for the qubit. To permit changes to the persistent current in the superconducting loops at mK temperatures, a local heater has been coupled to the Al shunt. This makes it possible to briefly drive the shunt to its normal state to change to flux without heating the entire device.
Taking another look at the older patient and the mental health system.

Since the early 1980s consensus has been reached on the diagnosis and treatment of some mental disorders in elderly persons, but systems for delivery of comprehensive care have yet to be developed. The importance of specialized training in treating mental disorders has been recognized with the development of certification in geriatric psychiatry, and the percentage of psychiatrists with a significant proportion of geriatric patients has increased. At the same time, procedures for reimbursement for services to the elderly through Medicare have become more complex. Providing mental health care to the elderly population remains a challenge for which each decade will bring progress as well as new problems to solve.
Stabilization of λ repressor against thermal denaturation by site‐directed Gly→Ala changes in α‐helix 3

Abstract Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis has been used to replace alpha-helical glycines in the N-terminal domain of lambda repressor with alanines. Since alanine is a significantly better helix-forming residue than glycine, these changes were predicted to have a stabilizing effect. We show that the Gly46----Ala substitution, the Gly48----Ala substitution, and the double substitution increase the melting temperature of the N-terminal domain by 3-6 degrees.
Blockuits: innovating building blocks

Blockuits is an exploration in the design of construction sets for children, resulting in three prototypes. All prototypes have simple interfaces, interactions and electronic outputs. These interactive toys foster creativity and artistic expression while introducing children to cause and effect and basic principles of circuitry. The first prototype is a wooden block set that incorporates buzzers, LEDs and vibration boards, built upon a magnetic power base for modularity and fastening. Each block also has embedded magnets painted over with conductive paint, completing the circuit. The second prototype is a set of monster plush toys. The toys are modular, allowing children to snap different heads onto the body, which is the power source. The heads light up, vibrate or buzz. The third prototype is a large, foam block set with electronic outputs, allowing children to build and manipulate spaces. Instead of being 100% screen based, all three toys provide a tactile, three-dimensional, and electronic experience.
QoS-enabled residential gateway architecture

As networking technologies penetrate wide varieties of devices for daily usage, home networks are becoming a reality. The bandwidth and always-on connectivity provided by the rapidly growing broadband technologies, such as cable and digital subscriber line (DSL), render home networking even more attractive. A residential gateway is a device that interconnects various home devices to one another as well as to the Internet. The home networks being deployed today are simple and inexpensive with the residential gateway providing only connectivity. As home networks evolve and become more widespread, emerging applications on home networks will demand additional features that require quality of service. We present an architecture of a next-generation QoS-enabled residential gateway. Such a residential gateway, in conjunction with the developments in QoS-enabled wireless LAN technologies, will usher in a new generation of home networks that are capable of supporting a wide range of applications.
Laser-based profile monitor for electron beams

High performance TeV energy electron/positron colliders (LC) are the first machines to require online, non-invasive beam size monitors for micron and submicron for beam phase space optimization. Typical beam densities in the LC are well beyond the threshold density for single pulse melting and vaporization of any material, making conventional wire scanners ineffective. Using a finely focused, diffraction limited high power laser, it is possible to devise a sampling profile monitor that, in operation, resembles a wire scanner. Very high resolution laser-based profile monitors have been developed and tested, first at FFTB (SLAG) and later at SLC and ATF. The monitor has broad applicability and we review here the technology, application and status of ongoing research programs.
Mechanism of Norepinephrine Depletion in Experimental Heart Failure Produced by Aortic Constriction in the Guinea Pig

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of heart failure on the cardiac stores of norepinephrine, and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the changes observed. Congestive heart failure was produced in the guinea pig by supravalvular aortic constriction. Significant reductions in both the concentration and content of norepinephrine in the ventricles were observed, the magnitude of changes being related to the severity of the constriction. The renal concentration of norepinephrine was not usually affected. Infusions of large quantities of norepinephrine produced elevations of ventricular norepinephrine concentrations which were significantly less in guinea pigs with heart failure than in normal animals. Injections of lesser quantities of radioactive norepinephrine also resulted in smaller amounts of this material in the hearts of animals with failure. Measurement of the decay of specific activity indicated that heart failure did not alter the net turnover of norepinephrine in the ...
An Osteoblast-dependent Mechanism Contributes to the Leptin Regulation of Insulin Secretion

Our work focuses on genetic and molecular mechanisms for the reciprocal regulation of bone and energy metabolism orchestrated by leptin and osteocalcin. In the context of thisreciprocalregulation,thefindingthatleptininhibitsinsulinsecretionby βcellswhile osteocalcin favors it is surprising. In exploring the molecular bases of this paradox we found that leptin, as is the case for most of its functions, uses a neuronal relay to inhibit insulin secretion. Cell-specific gene-deletion experiments revealed that a component of this neuronal regulation is the sympathetic innervation to osteoblasts. Under the control of leptin the sympathetic tone favors expression in osteoblasts of Esp, which inhibitsthemetabolicactivityofosteocalcin.WefurtheridentifyATF4asatranscription factor that regulates Esp expression and thereby insulin secretion and sensitivity. Taken togetherthesedataillustratethetightconnectionsbetweenboneremodelingandenergy metabolism and add further credence to the notion that the osteoblast is a bona fide endocrine cell type.
Construction QA/QC Methods for Postgrouting Drilled Shafts

AbstractThe design and anticipated end-bearing capacity of postgrouted drilled shafts hinge on achieving sufficient grout pressure applied to the soils beneath the shaft tip. Implied, however, is that the grout is distributed reasonably well across the entire tip area. To this end, minimum grout pressure and volume thresholds are usually prescribed in an effort to address both concerns. Unfortunately, it is difficult to practically ascertain the actual area of the grout bulb during production grouting when manually-recorded values of pressure, volume, and uplift are the only available information. Therein, artificially-high grout pressure can be recorded, resulting from a blocked grout-distribution system that goes undetected and the shaft is accepted as both the minimum pressure and volume criteria were satisfied. This article outlines minimum monitoring practices and field quality-assurance/quality-control (QA/QC) measures that can and should be used to better ensure tip grouting is performed in conform...