cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-term vegetation development of restored prairie pothole wetlands

Although wetland restoration has been a key part of U.S. environmental policy for 20 years (i.e., “no net loss”), there is little long-term data on restorations to guide planning and assessment. Understanding how restored wetland communities deviate from natural conditions, and how long those deviations persist, can provide important insights into the mechanisms of recovery and improve restoration practice. This study reports the results from a 19-year survey of 37 restored prairie pothole wetlands in northern Iowa, southern Minnesota, and southeastern South Dakota. Complete floristic surveys were performed for each of the wetlands in 1989, 1990, 1991, 2000, and 2007. The accumulation of wetland species across all sites was greatest during the first 12 years after reflooding (14.4 species/year), after which the rate declined to 1.6 species/year. Proximity to natural wetlands and a semi-permanent water regime favored species accumulations during the first 12 years, but changes since then are primarily linked to water regime. Semi-permanent wetlands have experienced fewer major gains and losses in species richness, whereas temporary and seasonal wetlands have been less stable. From 2000 to 2007, extinctions exceeded colonizations in all wetlands, resulting in a convergence of beta diversity. Although 77% of the species considered common to natural wetlands in the region established in these restorations, 70% of those considered infrequent have not. The likelihood that these restorations will eventually support many additional species appears low, given the presence of barriers to recovery, especially the dominance of invasive perennials (e.g., Phalaris arundinacea and Typha angustifolia/x glauca) on all sites and the low colonization efficiency of wet prairie, sedge meadow, and woody perennial species. Management, such as active revegetation of these low efficiency species guilds, particularly sedge meadow and wet prairie perennials, and invasive species control is needed to ensure that restored prairie wetlands support the region’s biodiversity. The important barriers to the recovery of prairie pothole restoration: isolation, infrequent flooding, and invasive species, are all factors that do not self-correct over time and need to be addressed during planning by establishing sound practices for initial implementation and long-term vegetation management.
Thoracic outlet syndrome in a throwing athlete diagnosed with MRI and MRA

Thoracic outlet syndrome comprises the clinical manifestations in the arm caused by compression of the neurovascular bundle as it leaves the thoracic inlet. The neurovascular bundle is composed of the subclavian artery, the subclavian vein, and the brachial plexus. The symptoms of thoracic outlet or inlet syndrome are most often caused by compression of the nerves of the brachial plexus, which is involved in up to 98% of cases; the remainder are due to vascular compression. MRI with MRA demonstrates well the anatomy of the brachial plexus as well as any vascular compression or occlusion. The relationship of the axillary and subclavian vein to the first rib and subclavius muscle also can be demonstrated. We present a college baseball player who presented with numbness in the fingers of his throwing hand when throwing a baseball. Evaluation with spin-echo and two-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiographic (MRA) imaging of the thoracic outlet region revealed obstruction of the subclavian vein with the arm abducted. To our knowledge, no such cases have been diagnosed previously with MRI.
Handling Qualities and Flight Safety Implications of Rudder Control Strategies and Systems in Transport Aircraft

An analytical investigation of rudder control strategies in transport aircraft is undertaken. A detailed mathematical model of the human pilot is employed in a computer simulation to examine the closed-loop nature of these strategies with emphasis upon pilot-induced oscillation tendencies. A task suitable for pilot-in-the-loop flight-simulator evaluation of rudder control systems is proposed. A comparison of the rudder force/feel characteristics of three transport aircraft and a military helicopter is provided. The adverse effect that highly nonlinear force/feel system characteristics can have upon pilot/vehicle response predictability is demonstrated. A linearity index is defined to quantify the linear force/displacement characteristics of any force/feel system.
Mineral Compositions of Selected Granites and Gneisses of New England

Infrared absorption spectrophotometry (4000 to 300 cm −1 ) and ultraviolet emission spectrography (2300 to 3500 A) were employed in order to obtain semiquantitative compositional data for certain minerals from selected granites and gneisses of New England. The minerals separated from each of 49 representative rock samples (when practical) included: essential quartz, potassic feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, and accessory magnetite. The rock units (or subunits) and number of samples were: Conway and equivalent(?) granites, 14; Westerly granite, 3; Middle-town and Monson gneisses, 10; Glastonbury and Maromas gneisses, 7; Stoney Creek, Clinton, and Sterling granitic gneisses, 8; and Canterbury gneiss, 7. The minor and trace elements included: Ag, Ba, Be, Ca, Cu, Ga, Mn, Pb, Sn, Ti, and Zr. Major element data, as interpreted from the infrared spectra, included: (1) obliquity and perthitic nature of potassic feldspar; (2) general composition (An 10 to An 33 ) and/or order-disorder of plagioclase; (3) Fe:Mg ratio and tetrahedral Al(?) of biotite; and (4) ilmenite (or hematite) percentage in magnetite. Quartz showed no spectral variation. The primary purpose of this preliminary reconnaissance survey, employing this instrumental approach, was to determine if some of the data obtained would be consistent and systematically related to specific rock units. It is concluded that this has been demonstrated, and the indicative data have been emphasized.
Chronic Effects of Nitrogen Dioxide on Cilia in Hamster Bronchioles

Nitrogen dioxide has been shown to have a deleterious effect on the structure and function of respiratory cilia. This study focuses on both the alterations of cilia morphology, and the ciliated cell response induced by nitrogen dioxide, in order to determine the mechanism(s) leading to ciliary dysfunction. Ciliated cells of the respiratory airways of hamsters, exposed to 30 ppm nitrogen dioxide for 5 months, 7 days/week, 22 hours/day, were examined ultrastructurally using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of thin sections, freeze-fracture replicas, and thin sections of tissues treated with cationized ferritin. SEM and TEM preparations appeared to show a generalized reduction in number and length of cilia. It was common to see basal bodies with no ciliary shaft and many cilia at different stages of growth. It was also apparent that the cilia were most fragile just below the ciliary necklaces. After breakage, the plasma membranes of the remaining ciliary stubs covered the exposed basal bodies. During the early stages of ciliary regeneration, freeze fracture replicas showed the emergence of membrane particles which appeared to correlate with cationized ferritin binding sites. As the cilia increased in length, the particles assembled into a necklace-like arrangement, varying in ring number and particle distribution as compared to the 5 to 7 well organized rings observed in controls. In corresponding thin sections, cationized ferritin appeared bound to sites in the region of the ciliary necklace particles. As the cilia developed further, the cationic ferritin binding at these sites diminished. This data suggests that nitrogen dioxide had an affect on the plasma membranes of ciliated cells. One of the major sites affected by the nitrogen dioxide was the ciliary necklace region. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide appeared to lead to increased ciliary fragility, stunted ciliary growth, and loss of ciliary motility. The rings of ciliary necklace particles exhibited an 8.4 degrees +/- 1.3 degree angle of pitch to a perpendicular through the longitudinal axis of the cilium. The measurable pitch and the identification of ciliary necklace "free ends" proximally and distally lead us to hypothesize that the particle arrangement of the ciliary necklace is that of a single spiral and not separate rings.
Multi-view AAM fitting and camera calibration

In this paper, we study the relationship between multi-view active appearance model (AAM) fitting and camera calibration. In the first part of the paper we propose an algorithm to calibrate the relative orientation of a set of N > 1 cameras by fitting an AAM to sets of N images. In essence, we use the human face as a (non-rigid) calibration grid. Our algorithm calibrates a set of 2 /spl times/ 3 weak-perspective camera projection matrices, protections of the world coordinate system origin into the images, depths of the world coordinate system origin, and focal lengths. We demonstrate that the performance of this algorithm is comparable to a standard algorithm using a calibration grid. In the second part of the paper, we show how calibrating the cameras improves tile performance of multi-view AAM fitting.
Extracardiac conduit fontan procedure without cardiopulmonary bypass

There are a number of potential advantages of extracardiac conduit cavopulmonary anastomosis for palliation of functional single ventricle heart disease, including the ability to perform the operation with no aortic cross-clamping and with minimal duration of extracorporeal circulation. In many patients, it may be possible to perform the procedure without cardiopulmonary bypass altogether. In this report, we present our technique for performing the extracardiac conduit Fontan operation without cardiopulmonary bypass.
Transition Probabilities between Seismic Regions

Summary Earlier work on preferred patterns of transition of earthquake activity between seismic regions has been inconclusive. The problem is restated in terms of 51 seismic regions. A series of 4164 earthquakes covering the period 1904-1954 is analyzed for randomness of transition between consecutive events. Using the multinomial distribution as a null hypothesis, contingency tables are derived for the sequence of events M ≥ 6.5 and M ≥ 7.0. It is found that the hypothesis of randomness is rejected for both sequences at the 0.975 significance level. This result is attributed to the presence of aftershocks.
Placebo effects in biofeedback and self-perception of muscle tension.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of laryngeal muscle biofeedback, a common treatment for subvocalization, utilizing a strict control group structure. Subjects were 29 undergraduates assigned to Laryngeal Feedback (N = 10), Masseter Feedback (N = 10), or No Feedback Control (N = 9) conditions. The results indicated that laryngeal muscle biofeedback had no specific treatment effect; however, masseter biofeedback demonstrated a specific treatment effect when the new procedure was utilized. Subjects in the Masseter Feedback Group displayed masseter EMG levels which were substantially lower than subjects in the Laryngeal Feedback Group (p<.05). In order to validate the results of the biofeedback control procedure, accuracy of myogenic perception was also tested, and found to be significant for the masseter (p<.001) but not for the laryngeal muscle. It is shown that the biofeedback control procedure can more accurately assess the presence or absence of specific treatment effects in biofeedback. Theoretical implications of the myogenic perception concept are discussed, and suggestions for future research in biofeedback and myogenic perception are provided.
An Evaluation of WSR-88D Severe Hail Algorithms along the Northeastern Gulf Coast

Abstract Software build 9.0 for the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) contains several new or improved algorithms for detecting severe thunderstorms. The WSR-88D Operational Support Facility supports testing and optimization of these algorithms by local National Weather Service offices. This paper presents a new methodology for using Storm Data in these local evaluations. The methodology defines specific conditions a storm cell must meet to be included in the evaluation. These conditions include cell intensity and duration, population density along the cell track, and any previous severe reports in the county where the storm is located. These requirements avoid including storm cells that may have produced severe weather where reports would be very unlikely. The technique provides a more accurate picture of algorithm performance than if Storm Data is used with no special considerations. This study utilizes the new methodology with data currently available for the Tallahassee, Florida, count...
Abnormal copper metabolism and regulation of metallothionein gene expression in Menkes' disease.

Menkes’ kinky hair disease, a lethal X-linked recessive trait, is characterized by abnormal copper accumulation in several non-hepatic tissues. The level of many copper enzymes is severely reduced, leading to damage of the connective and nervous tissues of the patients. Cultured skin fibroblasts from Menkes’ patients retain more copper then normal controls, and the excess metal is bound to metallothionein. Low doses of copper in the media induce MT gene transcription in Menkes’ but not in normal cells. Transfection experiments using a plasmid containing the mouse MT-I promoter fused to the enzyme chloramphenicol acetyl transferase show that the activation of the mMTI promoter is in trans. Two other effects are observed in Menkes’ cells: (a) two heat-shock like proteins are synthesized in response to low doses of copper in the growth medium, and (b) Menkes’ cells are more sensitive then normal fibroblasts to copper toxicity. Our interpretation of these results supports a model for a defect in one or more steps in copper metabolism or transport.
Treadmill walking effects on grip strength in young men with Down syndrome

This study was aimed at investigating the relation between grip strength and anthropometric factors and the impact of an aerobic exercise on grip strength in young men with Down syndrome (DS). This study was a pre-post design. Twelve males with DS were assigned to an exercise group, who walked using an incremental protocol on a treadmill for 20 min at aerobic levels. Eight additional persons with DS were assigned to an attentional control group, who watched a video. Measure of grip strength was tested pre- and post-interventions. The results showed positively significant relationship among grip strength and age (r=.74, p<.01), weight (r=.52, p=.02), body mass index (r=.61, p=.01) and waist circumference (r=.54, p=.02). In addition, Grip strength was slightly improved after exercise (p=.03) but decreased after control condition. The results showed that anthropometric factors, such as age, weight, body mass index and waist circumference, were positively correlated with grip strength in young men with DS. Further, improvement in grip strength can be found even after a single exercise session. This finding emphasizes the importance of maintaining an active lifestyle in persons with DS for performing activities of daily living.
Explaining Variability in Caries Experience Using an Ecological Model

A model including diet, oral hygiene, and dental treatment and three ecological levels was tested to study variability in caries experience. Analysis produced a rank order of explanation for the ecological variables: (1) community, (2) family, (3) individual. The treatment factor contributed more to oral condition than oral hygiene or diet within each ecological level.
Blind source separation via generalized eigenvalue decomposition

In this short note we highlight the fact that linear blind source separation can be formulated as a generalized eigenvalue decomposition under the assumptions of non-Gaussian, non-stationary, or non-white independent sources. The solution for the unmixing matrix is given by the generalized eigenvectors that simultaneously diagonalize the covariance matrix of the observations and an additional symmetric matrix whose form depends upon the particular assumptions. The method critically determines the mixture coefficients and is therefore not robust to estimation errors. However it provides a rather general and unified solution that summarizes the conditions for successful blind source separation. To demonstrate the method, which can be implemented in two lines of matlab code, we present results for artificial mixtures of speech and real mixtures of electroencephalography (EEG) data, showing that the same sources are recovered under the various assumptions.
Limitations of transition zone needle biopsy findings in the prediction of transition zone cancer and tissue composition of benign nodular hyperplasia

Abstract Objectives The transition zone of the prostate is the origin of 30% of all prostate cancers and of almost all benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We compared histologie findings in transition-zone biopsies to tissue composition of the transition zone from radical prostatectomy specimens from the same patients to determine the efficacy of needle biopsies to evaluate either cancer or BPH. Methods A quantitative evaluation of the transition zone for both cancer and BPH in 21 retrospective and 11 prospective radical prostatectomy specimens was made. All retrospective cases had transition-zone biopsies prior to radical prostatectomy; all prospective specimen transition zones were biopsied after surgical removal with an ink-filled needle to trace the needle tracks after specimen processing. For all 32 specimens, total prostate weight, width of transition zone, transition-zone tissue composition, and epithelial/stromal (E/S) ratio of nodular and internodular BPH tissue were noted; the corresponding biopsies were evaluated for the amount of cancer and the composition of nodular and internodular tissue. Results Eight carcinomas larger than 5.0 cc were detected at biopsy, whereas 5 cancers smaller than 2.0 cc were undetected. Biopsies did not reliably predict BPH tissue composition or epithelial density of prostatectomy specimens; both were markedly underestimated. Dyed needle tracts showed selective sampling of internodular tissue versus nodules by biopsy as an explanation for low correlations. Conclusions Transition-zone needle biopsies efficiently detect cancers larger than 5.0 cc and miss cancers smaller than 2.0 cc. Biopsies do not reliably predict BPH tissue composition because of selective sampling of the internodular tissue.
A Role of Sediment Transport in Alluvial Channels

Once a critical amount of sediment is being moved in an alluvial channel, velocity can be expressed as a function of slope and of size and composition of the moving sediment load. Depth is a redundant parameter. At sediment transport rates below critical, depth is an effective parameter. Methods of determining the size and composition of the moving sediment load are analyzed as is the problem of determining when depth becomes redundant. The phenomena of fill and scour at alluvial channel sections is also considered.
Restoration of Endothelial Function in Pparα−/− Mice by Tempol

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is one of the PPAR isoforms belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that regulates genes involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. PPARα is present in the vascular wall and is thought to be involved in protection against vascular disease. To determine if PPARα contributes to endothelial function, conduit and cerebral resistance arteries were studied in Pparα−/− mice using isometric and isobaric tension myography, respectively. Aortic contractions to PGF2α and constriction of middle cerebral arteries to phenylephrine were not different between wild type (WT) and Pparα−/−; however, relaxation/dilation to acetylcholine (ACh) was impaired. There was no difference in relaxation between WT and Pparα−/− aorta to treatment with a nitric oxide (NO) surrogate indicating impairment in endothelial function. Endothelial NO levels as well as NO synthase expression were reduced in Pparα−/− aortas, while superoxide levels were elevated. Two-week feeding with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, tempol, normalized ROS levels and rescued the impaired endothelium-mediated relaxation in Pparα−/− mice. These results suggest that Pparα−/− mice have impaired endothelial function caused by decreased NO bioavailability. Therefore, activation of PPARα receptors may be a therapeutic target for maintaining endothelial function and protection against cardiovascular disease.
Ashwagandha attenuates TNF-α- and LPS-induced NF-κB activation and CCL2 and CCL5 gene expression in NRK-52E cells

The aging kidney is marked by a chronic inflammation, which may exacerbate the progression of renal dysfunction, as well as increase the susceptibility to acute injury. The identification of strategies to alleviate inflammation may have translational impact to attenuate kidney disease. We tested the potential of ashwaganda, sutherlandia and elderberry on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced chemokine (CCL2 and CCL5) expression in vitro. Elderberry water-soluble extract (WSE) was pro-inflammatory, while sutherlandia WSE only partially attenuated the TNF-α-induced changes in CCL5. However, ashwaganda WSE completely prevented TNF-α-induced increases in CCL5, while attenuating the increase in CCL2 expression and NF-κB activation. The same pattern of ashwagandha protection was seen using LPS as the pro-inflammatory stimuli. Taken together, these results demonstrate the ashwaganda WSE as a valid candidate for evaluation of therapeutic potential for the treatment of chronic renal dysfunction.
Note on the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (BAPCPA)

In 2005 new legislation was passed by the U.S. Congress, and signed into law by the President, that introduced a number of major amendments to U.S. bankruptcy law, affecting both business and consumer bankruptcies. This legislation, called the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act (BAPCPA), became effective on October 17, 2005. This note summarizes key provisions of the new law that affect business bankruptcy reorganization under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, contrasting these provisions with corresponding provisions in the old law.
Politics : the demise of Biya's New Deal in Cameroon, 1982-1992

Dr Joseph Takougang of the Department of African-American Studies, University of Cincinnati, examines the reasons for the demise of Biya's New Deal in the light of its early success.
Toward a Distinction between Psychiatric and Social Abnormality

Al T knowledge that certain behavior which one community regards as psychopathological would be "perfectly normal" in some other society. It has even been said that where nearly everybody has tuberculosis or syphilisand such communities are not unknown-those diseases would be normal. A popular anthropology textbook contains the sentence: "The very definition of what is normal or abnormal is relative to the cultural frame of reference." A text in social disorganization begins discussion of mental abnormality with these words: "There can, then, be no universal and objective definition of insanity. It must be defined in relation to the cultural context. " One of the principal aims of this paper is to demonstrate that statements afirming the cultural basis of abnormality apply better to what is commonly meant by "deviance" rather than to what the psychiatrist designates by the term "abnormal."'
A Term Newborn With Congenital Dwarfism

A term male born with congenital dwarfism ### Prenatal History ### Birth History ### Vital Signs ### Physical Examination ### Radiologic Findings
High-Power Flip-Chip Bonded Photodiode With 110 GHz Bandwidth

Back-illuminated flip-chip-bonded charge-compensated modified uni-traveling-carrier photodiodes (PDs) with bandwidths in excess of 110 GHz are demonstrated. PDs with 10- and 6-μm-diameters deliver RF output power levels as high as 9.6 dBm at 100 GHz and 7.8 dBm at 110 GHz, respectively. An analytical model based on parameter extraction from S-parameter fitting was used to assess the bandwidth limiting factors.
Comparative Breeding Biology of Musk Shrews (Suncus murinus) from Guam and Madagascar

Breeding colonies of musk shrews ( Suncus murinus ) from the islands of Guam (G) and Madagascar (M) were maintained. Physical, physiological, and behavioral differences were observed between M, G, and “hybrid” (H, an offspring of a G/M mating) shrews. The shrews differed in appearance, body weight, and length. H males were longer than G and M males and heavier than G males; M females were heavier than G and H females. M shrews had significantly larger litters (2.8 ± 0.2 young per litter) and shorter gestation periods (29.6 ±0.1 days) than G shrews (2.1 ±0.1 young; 30.3 ±0.1 days). Nesting behavior occurred significantly more frequently in G shrews than M shrews (57.8 and 17.4 percent, respectively). Copulatory behaviors were significantly different between G and M shrews. G females were more aggressive than M females. Only M females showed lordosis during copulation. When G-M crosses were made, the differences in mating behavior interfered with successful completion of copulation. The percent of matings producing viable young was significantly reduced in G-M and H-H matings. Our data indicate that the reproductive isolation of the two island populations has allowed significant evolutionary changes to occur, which appear to be well on the way to creating two distinct species, suggesting that the taxonomic status of these two musk shrew populations should be reexamined.
Agency, Coercion, and Global Justice: A Reply to My Critics

Mathias Risse, Andrea Sangiovanni, and Kok-Chor Tan have offered some subtle and powerful criticisms of the ideas given in my Justice and Foreign Policy. Three themes in particular recur in their critiques. The first is that the arguments I make in that book rest upon unjustified, arbitrary, or contradictory premises. The second is that the use of coercion in the analysis of distributive justice is a mistake. The third is that the global institutional set represents, contrary to my arguments, an independent first-order site of justice. I address these criticisms, and try to vindicate the methodology of Justice and Foreign Policy in the face of these objections.
The artisan economy and post-industrial regeneration in the US

The 2009 Great Recession adversely impacted the post-industrial built landscape in the US. Globalization and international wage inequality also led to the closure and abandonment of numerous historic industrial districts. However, another more positive outcome came from the last economic crisis ‒ the rise of the artisan-based economy, which values highly crafted specialized goods and blends old manufacturing techniques with new digital technologies. Small companies producing high quality products are providing an alternative to American consumption based culture. This paper will present the current state of post-industrial regeneration in the US and discuss how the artisan-based economy is regenerating American post-industrial urban districts.
Reduced DHA transfer in diabetic pregnancies: mechanistic basis and long-term neurodevelopmental implications

Infants born to diabetic mothers have a higher frequency of impaired neurodevelopment. The omega-3 or n-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an important structural component of neural tissue and is critical for fetal brain development. Maternal DHA supplementation during pregnancy is linked to better infant neurodevelopment; however, maternal-fetal transfer of DHA is reduced in women with diabetes. Evidence of mechanisms explaining altered maternal-fetal DHA transfer in this population is limited. This review explores existing evidence underpinning reduced maternal-fetal DHA transfer in maternal fuel metabolism in this population. Further research is necessary to evaluate the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in modulating placental fatty acid binding and maternal-fetal DHA transfer. Considerations for clinical practice include a diet high in DHA and/or provision of supplemental DHA to obstetric diabetic patients within minimum guidelines.
Clinical re-evaluation of daytime sedatives.

Phenobarbital, butabarbital sodium, acetylcarbromal, glutethimide, meprobamate and prochlorperazine were evaluated under conditions of clinical practice to determine their relative effectiveness in producing daytime sedation, nighttime hypnosis by multiple daytime dosages, and combined daytime sedation and nighttime hypnosis. A therapeutic index (per cent effectiveness: per cent untoward reactions) was established for each drug. Butabarbital sodium provided the highest rating of sedatives studied for control of anxiety and insomnia by daytime dosages.
Show me the incentives: A dynamic structural model of employee blogging behavior

Many firms believe that enterprise blogging forums can be used to help build the structured platform required for an environment that supports emergent innovation. While some employees tend to be 'consumers' of content created by others, some others contribute by acting as 'creators'. In this paper, we build and estimate a dynamic structural model towards understanding the mechanisms that incentivize users to contribute to blog forums that are consumed by employees across the organization. We find strong evidence of competitive dynamics in our enterprise wide data setting. Our results demonstrate why employees contribute to blog forums. We find that employees derive higher utility from readership of their work related posts than their leisurerelated posts. Employees compete with their peers to attract more readerships for their posts. Further, results indicate positive spillover effect from readership of leisure posts to work posts of a employee. We also find that knowledge-based benefits are higher for work related knowledge than leisure related knowledge. Our results suggest that enterprises would benefit more from feedback systems that provide a picture of how knowledge workers in the organization are interacting with the tools are made available to them. We discuss implications for implementing feedback systems that quantify the reputation of the content creator and incentivize employees to engage in this practice.
CHAPTER 16 – Studies of endocytosis

This chapter provides a brief summary of the numerous receptors that are expressed by dendritic cells (DCs) during their development and that are capable of mediating receptor-mediated endocytosis and in several cases phagocytosis. The complement system plays a role in enhancing a number of immune phenomena—phagocytosis of pathogens, inflammation, antigen focusing, and cell lysis. There are several receptors for components of the complement system—C3b, C3bi, C3d, and C4b receptors. Many cells express C3b receptor (C3bR) and some subsets of these cells express a form of C3bR that crossreacts with C4b. There are three known classes of scavenger receptors—A, B, and C. Class A receptors are expressed on DCs, and recently scavenger type A receptors have been implicated in the clearance of apoptotic cells in the thymus. Class B scavenger receptors (SR-Bs) are members of the CD36 protein family and bind negatively charged liposomes, HDL, acetylated and oxidized LDL, and apoptotic cells.
Testing for Common Factors in Large Factor Models

We consider large factor models with unobserved factors. We formalize the notion of common factors between different groups of variables and propose to use it as a general approach to study the structure of factors, i.e., which factors drive which variables. The spanning hypothesis, which states that factors driving one group are spanned by those driving another group, can be studied as a special case under our framework. We develop a statistical procedure for testing the number of common factors. Our inference procedure is built upon recent results on high-dimensional bootstrap and is shown to be valid under the asymptotic framework of large n and large T. In Monte Carlo simulations, our procedure performs well in finite samples. As an empirical application, we construct confidence sets for the number of common factors between the macroeconomy and the financial markets.
The Powerful Potential of Relationships and Community Writing

The following essay is a collective reflection in which the authors revisit the themes they raise in the edited volume Unsustainable , ask new questions, and suggest, again, that long-term sustainability might not be the most appropriate goal for every university-community partnership. Still, relationships, with all their variability, remain the lifeblood of community writing work. Just as the Conference on Community Writing (CCW) was a welcome opportunity to reconnect with old friends and learn new names, our programs are built on the strength of the relationships we build in the community and on our campuses.
Ischemic lesions, blood pressure dysregulation, and poor outcomes in intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective: To evaluate the associations among diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesions, blood pressure (BP) dysregulation, MRI markers of small vessel disease, and poor outcome in a large, prospective study of primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: The Ethnic/Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ERICH) study is a multicenter, observational study of ICH among white, black, and Hispanic patients. Results: Of 600 patients, mean (±SD) age was 60.8 ± 13.6 years, median (interquartile range) ICH volume was 9.1 mL (3.5–20.8), and 79.6% had hypertension. Overall, 26.5% of cases had DWI lesions, and this frequency differed by race/ethnicity (black 33.8%, Hispanic 24.9%, white 20.2%, overall p = 0.006). A logistic regression model of variables associated with DWI lesions included lower age (odds ratio [OR] 0.721, p = 0.002), higher first recorded systolic BP (10-unit OR 1.12, p = 0.002), greater change in mean arterial pressure (MAP) prior to the MRI (10-unit OR 1.10, p = 0.037), microbleeds (OR 1.99, p = 0.008), and higher white matter hyperintensity (WMH) score (1-unit OR 1.16, p = 0.002) after controlling for race/ethnicity, leukocyte count, and acute in-hospital antihypertensive treatment. A second model of variables associated with poor 90-day functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale scores 4–6) included DWI lesion count (OR 1.085, p = 0.034) as well as age, ICH volume, intraventricular hemorrhage, Glasgow Coma Scale score, WMH score, race/ethnicity, acute in-hospital antihypertensive treatment, and ICH location. Conclusions: These results support the hypotheses that acute BP dysregulation is associated with the development of DWI lesions in primary ICH and that DWI lesions are, in turn, associated with poor outcomes.
TREATMENT OF SUBACUTE POSTERIOR KNEE PAIN IN AN ADOLESCENT BALLET DANCER UTILIZING TRIGGER POINT DRY NEEDLING: A CASE REPORT

Study design Case Report. Background and purpose Dry needling (DN) is an increasingly popular intervention used by clinicians as a treatment of regional neuromusculoskeletal pain. DN is an invasive procedure that involves insertion of a thin monofilament needle directly into a muscle trigger point (MTP) with the intent of stimulating a local twitch response. Current evidence is somewhat limited, but recent literature supports the use of this intervention in specific neuromusculoskeletal conditions. The purpose of this case report is to present the outcomes of DN as a primary treatment intervention in an adolescent subject with subacute posterior knee pain. Case description The subject was a 16-year-old female competitive ballet dancer referred to physical therapy with a two month history of right posterior knee pain. Palpation identified MTPs which reproduced the patient's primary symptoms. In addition to an exercise program promoting lower extremity flexibility and hip stability, the subject was treated with DN to the right gastrocnemius, soleus, and popliteus muscles. Outcomes The subject reported being pain free on the Numerical Pain Scale and a +7 improvement in perceived change in recovery on the Global Rating of Change at final follow-up. Physical examination demonstrated no observed impairments or functional limitations, including normal mobility, full strength, and unrestricted execution of dance maneuvers. Discussion The patient was able to return to high level dance training and competition without physical limitations and resumed pre-injury dynamic movement activities including dancing, running, jumping, and pivoting without pain. DN can be an effective and efficient intervention to assist patients in decreasing pain and returning to high intensity physical activity. Additional research is needed to determine if DN is effective for other body regions and has long-term positive outcomes. Level of evidence Level 4.
Mental health interventions in Myanmar: a review of the academic and gray literature.

Background Recent political changes in Myanmar provide opportunities to expand mental health (MH) services. Given Myanmar's unique situation, we felt a need to assemble and interpret available local information on MH in Myanmar to inform service design, rather than simply drawing lessons from other countries. We reviewed academic and gray literature on the experience of MH problems in Myanmar and the suitability, availability, and effectiveness of MH and psychosocial programming. Methods We searched: (1) Google Scholar; (2) PubMed; (3) PsychInfo; (4) English-language Myanmar journals and databases; (5) the Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) Network resources website; (6) websites and (7) local contacts of organizations identified during 2010 and 2013 mapping exercise of MHPSS providers; (8) the Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU) website; (9) University libraries in Yangon and Mandalay; and (10) identified local MH professionals. Results Qualitative data suggest that MH conditions resulting from stress are similar to those experienced elsewhere. Fourteen intervention evaluations were identified: three on community-level interventions, three on adult religion-based practice (meditation), four adult psychotherapeutic interventions, and four child-focused interventions. Support for the acceptability and effectiveness of interventions is mostly anecdotal. With the exception of two rigorous, randomized control trials, most evaluations had serious methodologic limitations. Conclusions Few evaluations of psychotherapeutic or psychosocial programs for people from Myanmar have been published in the black or gray literature. Incorporating rigorous evaluations into existing and future programs is imperative for expanding the evidence base for psychotherapeutic and psychosocial programs in this context.
Insight into selectivity: uptake studies of radionuclides 90Sr2+, 137Cs+, and 233UO22+ with bis-amidoxime polymers

Uptake characteristics of a bis-amidoximated polymer are presented for 90Sr2+, 137Cs+, and 233UO22+ to assess rational ligand design and polymer engineering efforts applied to selective uranium extraction. Functionalized with the bis-amidoxime diaryl ether ligand at a loading of 1.98 mmol per gram of polymer, the polymer was found to sorb uranium from a pH 6 solution with a separation factor (α) over cesium of 1.2 × 103. Strontium uptake was negligible throughout the pH range studied whereas cesium uptake averaged <30%. Moreover, at near neutral pH, the sorbent was able to purify water to below the United States’ set maximum contaminant level for uranium, decreasing the U concentration from 330 ppb to below 3 ppb in 30 minutes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, used to probe the nature of the metal-bis-amidoxime interaction, help inform the empirically realized uptake selectivity.
China’s Growing International Role

In the first decade of the twenty-first century, China has risen to become an international power second only to the United States. China’s burgeoning economy has become a key driver of international economic growth, especially as the global economic recession at the end of the first decade diminished growth in the European Union, the United States and Japan. China’s growth remains heavily resource intensive. This means that it has an important impact on the prices of international commodities, leading to good growth and profits for resource exporters worldwide (Xinhua, 2010).
ICA and IVA for Data Fusion: An Overview and a New Approach Based on Disjoint Subspaces

Data-driven methods have been very attractive for fusion of both multiset and multimodal data, in particular using matrix factorizations based on independent component analysis (ICA) and its extension to multiple datasets: independent vector analysis (IVA). This is primarily due to the fact that independence enables (essentially) unique decompositions under very general conditions for a large class of signals, and independent components lend themselves to easier interpretation. In this article, we first present a framework that provides a common umbrella to previously introduced fusion methods based on ICA and IVA and allows us to clearly demonstrate the tradeoffs involved in the design of these approaches. This then motivates the introduction of a new approach for fusion of disjoint subspaces (DS). We demonstrate the desired performance of DS using ICA through simulations, as well as application to real data, for fusion of multimodal medical imaging data—functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography data collected from a group of healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia performing an auditory oddball task.
Toward Interdisciplinary Learning: Development and Validation of an Assessment for Interdisciplinary Understanding of Global Carbon Cycling

This study developed and validated an assessment that measures interdisciplinary understanding using the topic of carbon cycling, the Interdisciplinary Science Assessment for Carbon Cycling (ISACC). This work was motivated by the need to assess interdisciplinary understanding, defined as the ability to solve problems requiring knowledge and skills from multiple disciplines. Levels of a construct map for interdisciplinary understanding were generated and refined in the construct-modeling design process (Wilson 2005). Key concepts in carbon cycling to be assessed were determined based on experts’ concept maps and analysis of the Next Generation Science Standards. The final version of the ISACC includes 11 multiple-choice (MC) items and eight constructed-response (CR) items covering nine key concepts. Of these 19 items, six are single-disciplinary items and 13 are interdisciplinary items. Four hundred fifty-four students in grades 9–16 were recruited and administered the ISACC. For the CR items, scoring rubrics were developed and used by a group of evaluators to code student responses. Two item response theory models, a two-parameter logistic model and a generalized partial credit model, provided evidence of the construct validity of the items. All items reflected unidimensionality and local independence and showed moderate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.782). All except one were a good fit to the models. The findings suggest that the ISACC is a promising tool to assess interdisciplinary understanding of carbon cycling. Future directions include research into test fairness across gender and ethnic/racial groups and further development to cover typical high school students’ knowledge more thoroughly.
A global postcolonial: Contemporary Arabic literature of migration to Europe

In 21st-century Arabic literature of migration, modernist and earlier postcolonial discourses on exile and migration have been giving way to writings that grapple with subjectivities born of mass m...
Building Comprehensive Enterprise-Scale PPM Clinical Informatics Capability and Capacity

Early evidence-based medicine efforts were population based. However, attempting to move patient-centered activities from small pilots to institutional, enterprise-wide or multi-enterprise/state levels, principles of both evidence-based medicine and PPM need to both be applied together in combination, and evidence based medicine and PPM need be reconciled and re-inforce one another. This chapter describes key lessons learned through the experiences of Geisinger, in its multi-year efforts in developing an enterprise level portfolio of initiatives utilizing both evidence-based medicine and PPM to provide better care at a lower cost.
Brown Bowel Syndrome Is a Rare and Commonly Missed Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background. Brown bowel syndrome (BBS) is a rare gastrointestinal condition, and vitamin E deficiency has been considered to be a main contributor. However, vitamin E deficiency has been found in only a few patients throughout the published literature studies and its cutoff lab value for diagnosis is not entirely clarified. Case Presentation. A 56-year-old female patient with a history of congenital bowel obstruction (repaired at birth) presented with bloating, abdominal pain, and chronic diarrhea. Endoscopy identified unremarkable gastrointestinal mucosa except a few small polyps in the colon. A partial obstruction was detected by a small bowel follow-through series and then confirmed by CT scan. The resected small bowel was significantly dilated with a thickened brown wall and extensive serosal adhesion. Microscopic examination revealed unremarkable mucosa, but dense granular brown pigments were identified in the cytoplasm of the smooth muscle cells in the muscularis propria. These deposits resulted to be lipofuscin, and BBS was diagnosed. The patient was asymptomatic at 9-month follow-up after surgery without vitamin E supplement. Conclusion. Mitochondrial damage with lipofuscin deposition is at the root of BBS pathogenesis. Any etiology associated with mitochondrial damage can cause this disease, and vitamin E deficiency is just one of them. Dysmotility from extensive serosal adhesion could be a possible etiology for this patient. Due to overlapping symptoms, lipofuscin deposition primarily in the muscularis propria, and unclear serum value of vitamin E, this syndrome is often missed in routine clinical practice from the superficial biopsy. A transmural biopsy is necessary for a definite diagnosis.
Analysis Of Distance-Based Mental Health Support For Underrepresented University Students

Recent reports have shown a growing demand for mental health resources and services on university campuses for Black and Latinx students. These students have a higher rate of unmet mental health needs and are more likely to experience mental health problems. Offering a technical solution is promising for navigating on campus mental health services. In this paper, we present findings from a preliminary study focused on understanding the mental health related technology practices and preferences of university students and a content analysis of 60 U.S. college and university counseling center websites. Findings highlight how university students’ desire for applications that integrate with their existing on-campus offerings contrasted with the apparent offerings of campus counseling centers.
“Wild in My Eyes”: An Analysis of Narratives and Narrative Identities among Diverse Drug Users

There is little research examining how race, class, gender, and residential location work simultaneously to inform drug using identities. Using insights from narrative criminology, I build upon thi...
Peroneal Nerve Injuries: Repair, Grafting, and Nerve Transfers

Knee dislocations are severe musculoskeletal injuries that are often associated with neurovascular injury. The most common nerve injured with a knee dislocation is the peroneal nerve. Nerve injury can result in severe functional consequences to the injured patient. The purpose of this article is to review the most current literature on treatment options and outcomes when addressing these injuries.