cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biocompatibility of halloysite clay nanotubes in a rat dermal model (87.4)

The cytocompatibility of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) have been firmly established. The biocompatibility of HNTs has yet to be established. The host-immune response to dermally implanted HNTs in a rat skin wound model was assessed over a one-month experimental period. Adult Sprague Dawley rats (27, male, 300g) comprised the study population. A calibrated microinjector was used to inject a 25μl PBS solution, plus/minus HNTs. Control group I animals received implant site preparation and microneedle penetration only while Control group II animals received implant site preparation, microneedle penetration, and a PBS injection. Clear bandages were applied over each implant site permitting daily visual observations. Animals were monitored and photodocumented on a daily basis for changes in coloration, infection, and healing pattern. Animals (n=3, each group) were sacrificed at one, two and four week intervals. Tissue blocks, containing implant sites and representing full thickness skin tissue sections, were harv...
International Law and Private Foreign Investment

Thank you, Dean Aman, for your generous words of welcome. As you sought to persuade our audience of my virtues, I initially experienced some sense of disbelief and wondered whether you could really be speaking of me. As your description progressed, I began to be persuaded by your advocacy. By the time you had finished, I had so entered into the spirit of the matter that I even began to think that perhaps you were not saying enough. I am delighted to be here-as is my wife. We immensely appreciate the hospitality that is being shown to us by yourself and by this distinguished Law School. My entry into the United States was not free of difficulty. It seemed that I had not matched the excellent administrative work of the Dean's office by securing a visa appropriate to one who was deemed to be coming here to work rather than to enjoy himself. The immigration official threatened to ban my giving this lecture, even to exclude me. I welcomed his proposal saying that I would be glad to forego the lecture and explain to the audience why I could not continue to address it. My response was, alas, entirely counter productive. A visa was immediately granted. The truth is, in fact, that nothing could give me more pleasure, or make me feel more privileged, than to have been afforded the present opportunity to deliver the first of the Earl Snyder lectures on international law in this Law School of which he is an alumnus. My pleasure is the greater because Earl Snyder, with whom I have enjoyed a friendship extending over many years, and his wife Gunhild have been able to make the journey from Washington to be present on this occasion. Dr. Snyder has shown a constant devotion to international law for virtually half a century and the subject is much indebted to him for the varied and generous ways in which he has supported it. I am happy to recall the encouragement that he has constantly given to the Research Centre for International Law at Cambridge. He has endowed a scholarship which
A novel game theoretic framework for security in wireless sensor networks

Due to severe resource limitations and often lack of centralized infrastructure, providing security in wireless sensor networks is a great challenge. Misbehavior due to malicious or faulty nodes can significantly degrade the performance of such networks. Therefore, countermeasures against denial of service (DoS) attacks and node misbehavior are essential requirements. We argue that the conventional view of security based on cryptography techniques is not sufficient for securing wireless sensor networks. In this dissertation, we investigate a novel framework by proposing three approaches for security enforcement in such networks that range from prevention of DoS attacks to secure routing. Prevention of DoS attacks focuses on the formal assessment of the properties of cooperation enforcement mechanisms used to detect and prevent malicious behavior of sensor nodes. Our first proposed approach is called Utility based Dynamic Source Routing (UDSR). It is based on non-cooperative game theory, where players of the game are sensor nodes. Players can occasionally misbehave. In this game, we demonstrate that in order to reach equilibrium, where no rational player has any incentive to deviate and to maximize the profit for the network (i.e., the least amount of false detections), a sensor network shall isolate those nodes that act maliciously. These nodes have the minimum amount of utility in the game. This approach provides an automatic method for the social mechanisms of reputation and cooperation. Our second proposed approach is called Secure Auction based Routing (SAR). The assumption is that rational players always plan to maximize their profit over time. Here the key to solve this problem is when a node uses other nodes in the network to forward its own packets, it has to contribute to the network life (by forwarding other nodes packets) in order to be entitled to use them in the future. To enable such networks to keep functioning despite the presence of misbehaving nodes, we propose a mechanism such that nodes prefer to gain reputation in the network. Nodes willing to do so must compete against each other, where the competition is based on auction theory. A node's truthful bidding remains a dominant strategy and to have a secure routing protocol, malicious nodes who do not bid truthfully shall be isolated. Our third proposed approach deals with detection of malicious nodes, based on repeated games. The benefit of this approach is the impact of a large group of players in the sense that the strategy chosen by a player does not only depend on one malicious node's perception of the game, but also on the group policy for all players. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
The Influence of Term Limits on the Election of Women to State Legislatures

This study investigates the effect of the imposition of term limits on the number of women elected to state legislatures in the United States. It uses a multivariate regression model, which differs from earlier works by utilizing a pooled, time-series data set of state legislatures, from 1989-2007. This allows the use of a simple OLS multiple regression analysis on a data set with a large enough number of cases (n) to include numerous control variables while also increasing the likelihood of detecting statistically significant relationships between term limits and female representation. This analysis reveals that geographic region (non-southern), state higher education attainment levels, and the level of professionalism of legislative bodies are the variables most associated with increased levels of female representation in state legislatures. While the correlation between term limits and female representation is less pronounced, this study’s findings suggest that term limits may accelerate the electoral success of women seeking state legislative office.
Critical Race Theory, Racial Microaggressions, and Campus Racial Climate for Latina/o Undergraduates

In this article, Tara Yosso, William Smith, Miguel Ceja, and Daniel Solorzano expand on their previous work by employing critical race theory to explore and understand incidents of racial microaggressions as experienced by Latina/o students at three selective universities. The authors explore three types of racial microaggressions—interpersonal microaggressions, racial jokes, and institutional microaggressions—and consider the effects of these racist affronts on Latina/o students. Challenging the applicability of Vincent Tinto's three stages of passage for college students, the authors explore the processes by which Latinas/os respond to racial microaggressions and confront hostile campus racial climates. The authors find that, through building community and developing critical navigation skills, Latina/o students claim empowerment from the margins.
Labeling of a specific arginine residue at the active site of glutamine synthetase (E.coli).

Abstract Chemical modification of a specific arginine residue of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase has been accomplished by the use of the arginine-specific reagents p-hydroxyphenylglyoxal, phenylglyoxal, and methylglyoxal. Modification of one arginine residue results in complete inactivation of the enzyme and the modified enzyme seems to be extremely stable since no reactivation is observed upon addition of free arginine or dialysis. Saturating levels of ATP but not L-glutamate, L-methionine sulfoximine, or inorganic phosphate provide substantial protection against inactivation of the enzyme suggesting the modified amino acid is at or near the ATP substrate binding site. However, an ATP affinity analog is not prevented from binding upon modification of the arginine residue indicating that the reduction in catalytic activity is not solely due to alteration in substrate binding but may also reflect a catalytic role for the arginine residue.
Prevention of spinal cord ischaemic complications after thoracoabdominal aortic surgery.

Summary Since the publication of prior reviews on this topic, substantial clinical experience with a variety of operative strategies to prevent ischaemic cord complications has been reported. The available data on angiographic localisation of critical intercostal vessels, and, in particular, the evoked potential response to cross-clamping in patients indicates that risk of paraplegia varies considerably even among patients with equivalent TAA extent. Factors such as individual development of the ASA, patent critical intercostals, and the particulars of collateral circulation when intercostal aortic ostia are already occluded likely account for this variability. Information available from SSEP monitoring relative to the dynamic course of cord ischaemia with cross-clamping, and the parallel, if not, frustrating experience with angiographic localisation and intercostal vessel reconstruction indicates that a narrow temporal threshold of cord ischaemia with clamping is present in many patients. This reinforces the importance of both expeditious clamp intervals, critical intercostal re-anastamoses, and the desirability of neuroprotective manoeuvres during cross-clamp induced cord ischaemia. As suggested in compelling experimental work our contemporary clinical experience, and predicted by prior reviewers, regional cord hypothermia provides significant promise for limiting or eliminating, in particular, immediate perioperative deficits. Avoidance of postoperative hypotension, spinal cord oedema, and preservation of critical intercostal vessels are additional strategies necessary to impact the development of delayed deficits favourably.
Adsorption of acetone and butane on liquid-modified graphitized carbon blacks

Abstract Gas-liquid, gas-solid, and gas-liquid-solid equilibrium isotherms were determined for acetone and butane on graphitized carbon black (Carbopack C) and liquid-modified graphitized carbon black (Carbopack C plus 0.2% Carbowax 1500). The measurements were carried out over the range of temperatures from 30 to 75°C by mass spectrometric tracer pulse chromatography with stable isotopic solutes. Studies of the gas-liquid systems show that the bulk liquid undergoes a phase transition (wax → liquid) at 40°C and that the equilibrium isotherms vary significantly with temperature for the wax form. The temperature of the phase transition is shifted to 50-55°C for the same liquid coated on Carbopack C as a thin film. The adsorption isotherms of acetone on the coated and uncoated Carbopacks were interpreted by means of a model of simultaneous competitive and cooperative adsorption effects. The Carbowax-modified adsorbent generally adsorbed as much, if not more, acetone at any given pressure than the uncoated adsorbent. This effect was attributed to specific lateral interactions between the solute and liquid or wax modifier. The magnitude of the enhanced capacity was much greater than could be accounted for by bulk solubility of acetone in the Carbowax. The effect of preadsorbed acetone on the adsorption and retention of other solutes was also investigated. The specific retention volumes of small samples of butane were measured as a function of the surface coverage by acetone or acetone plus Carbowax 1500. Small amounts of preadsorbed acetone had little or no effect on the retention volume of butane, and the retention volumes were greater on the uncoated adsorbent. However, at surface coverages close to a monolayer, the retention volume of butane decreased dramatically with increased acetone adsorption. Also, at higher surface coverages, the retention volumes were the same for the coated and uncoated adsorbent at any fixed amount of acetone adsorbed. These “interference plots” were also explained in terms of the model previously discussed.
Pramipexole and Levodopa in Early Parkinson's Disease: Dynamic Changes in Cost Effectiveness

Background and Objective: In chronic disease, treatment effects and costs accumulate over time; hence, the choice of time horizon in cost-effectiveness analysis can be particularly important. In this article we analyse the dynamic changes in cumulative costs, effects and incremental cost effectiveness of two competing drug strategies in patients with early Parkinson’s disease (PD).
A case of pyoderma vegetans and the follicular occlusion triad

A case of pyoderma vegetans (PYV) and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is described. Our patient had a previous history of perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens and acne conglobata. Direct immunofluorescence findings ruled out pemphigus vegetans and suggested a potential pathogenic mechanism.
Installation caused flow distortion and its effect on noise from a fan designed for turbofan engines

A ground test stand was used to obtain acoustic data on a full scale prototype fan designed for quiet subsonic aircraft engines. The fan was installed in three different ways in the test stand. In two of the installations the fan was driven by a shaft in the inlet; in the third installation the fan was driven from the rear. These three installations, and the structures associated with them, resulted in various amounts of inlet flow distortion to the fan. The rear drive installation had less inlet flow distortion than the two front drive installations. Some measurements of inlet flow distortion were made and used in a blade passage noise generation theory to predict the effects of distortion on noise. Good agreement was obtained when the predicted and measured power level differences between the front drive and rear drive installations were compared.
Novel complement inhibitors

The complement system provides natural immunity against microbes and is an effector arm of antibody-mediated humoral immunity. It promotes the inflammatory process by activating cells and facilitates microbial destruction through opsonisation and lysis. Given this tissue damaging potential, it is not surprising that nearly half of the proteins of the complement system are regulators. The complement system can mediate undesirable cellular damage in autoantibody-mediated conditions, for example myasthenia gravis, immune-complex excess syndromes, such as systemic lupus erythaematosus, ischaemia-reperfusion states, hyperacute rejection of transplants, organ failure conditions (e.g., adult respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS]), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related neurodegenerative disorders. A complement inhibitor has been lacking in the therapeutic arsenal. However, there are now several such agents being assessed in clinical trials and others under development. Current approaches include soluble versions of membrane regulatory proteins, humanised antibodies to components, small molecule inhibitors at various stages of the pathway and transgenic animals expressing human complement regulators for xenotransplantation. These and other strategies should lead to an effective means with which to inhibit complement activation in clinical medicine.
The molecular evolution of acrosin in placental mammals

Acrosin is thought to fulfill sev- eral different roles in fertilization including that of a serine protease and in secondary zona pellucida (ZP) binding. However, acrosin's importance as a fertiliza- tion protein has been questioned. Especially since it was discovered that acrosin knockout mice are fertile. In this study, we explored the sites involved in serine protease activity and secondary binding. We also assessed conservation in functional sites across species and examined whether amino acid changes present in the human population have the potential to affect fertility. In addition, since many mammalian reproduction proteins have been found to evolve rapidly, we tested for positive selection. Sequences from 43 mammals from all 19 placental orders, which included a total of 828 nucleotides from acrosin exons 2, 3, 4, and a portion of exon 5, were obtained. We found that all sites of the serine catalytic triad as well as three other sites linked to catalytic activity were completely conserved. Five of six sites proposed to play a role in secondary binding were 100% conserved as basic residues. These results support an evolutionary conserved role for acrosin as a serine protease and secondary binding protein across placental mammals. We found statistically significant support for positive selection within acrosin, but no single amino acid site reached the significance level of P>0.95 for inclusion within the category o>1. Based upon two amino acid mutation scoring systems, three out of seven human residue changing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found to be potentially protein-altering mutations. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 1196-1207, 2008. ! 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Selective depolymerisation of keratan sulfate: production of radiolabelled substrates for 6-O-sulfogalactose sulfatase and β-d-galactosidase

Abstract Keratan sulfate (KS) was N -deacetylated with anhydrous hydrazine and then degraded with nitrous acid, and the products were reduced with NaBT 4 . Radiolabelled disaccharides constituted at least 76% of the total oligosaccharide fraction. Three major disaccharides were isolated and identified. Of the total disaccharide isolated from bovine intervertebral-disc and human costal-cartilage, 91 and 79%, respectively, was identified as a disulfated disaccharide, O -(β- d -galactopyranosyl 6-sulfate)-(1→4)-2,5-anhydro- d -[1- 3 H]mannitol 6-sulfate (Gal6S-anM6S). The disaccharide fraction isolated from bovine-cornea KS contained only 14% of Gal6S-anM6S. The yield of monosulfated disaccharide, identified as O -β- d -galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-2,5-anhydro- d -[1- 3 H]mannitol 6-sulfate, was 9, 17, and 84% of the total KS-disaccharide fraction isolated from intervertebral disc, costal cartilage, and cornea, respectively. For each of the KS type studied, the yield of unsulfated disaccharide was 4% of the total disaccharide-fraction. The tetrasaccharides were fractionated, on the basis of their sulfate content, into at least four species by paper electrophoresis, and some tentative structures are proposed. Disaccharide and tetrasaccharide species were evaluated as substrates for β- d -galactosidase and 6- O -sulfogalactose sulfatase.
Race, gender, and the newsworthiness of homicide incidents

This study examined the criteria news media use to evaluate the newsworthiness of homicide incidents occurring between the years of 1997 to 2005. By examining how particular race, gender, and race/gender intersections of offender-victim combinations affect news coverage decision-making, this study attempted to identify the most important criteria of newsworthiness. This article contributes to the growing body of newsworthiness of crime research by examining how cultural typification of victims and offenders affects news media coverage of homicides in Newark, New Jersey, a unique research location in which Blacks make up the majority of the population and Hispanics are the dominant population minority. The results provide partial support for Lundman's (2003) conclusion that cultural typification based on race and gender is an important criterion of newsworthiness.
The effects of differentiation and attachment on satisfaction and acculturation in Asian-Caucasian American international couple relationships: Assessment with Chinese, South Korean, and Japanese partners in relationships with Caucasian American partners in the United States

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of differentiation and attachment on acculturation and relational satisfaction in Asian partners in Asian-White American international couple relationships. Eighty-seven native-born Chinese, South Korean, and Japanese partners within an international couple relationship with a White American partner in the United States participated in this study. Regression results supported the hypotheses that differentiation and acculturation were significantly related to relationship satisfaction. Differentiation was also significantly associated with acculturation. Attachment style was not significantly associated with levels of relationship satisfaction or acculturation. Overall, the researchers found that differentiation and acculturation were important factors influencing the relationship satisfaction in Asian-White American international couples in the United States. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Distinct Ca2+ binding properties of novel C2 domains of plant phospholipase Dα and β.

Abstract Of the isoforms of plant phospholipase D (PLD) that have been cloned and characterized, PLDα requires millimolar levels of Ca2+ for optimal activity, whereas PLDβ is most active at micromolar concentrations of Ca2+. Multiple amino acid sequence alignments suggest that PLDα and PLDβ both contain a Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain near their N termini. In the present study, we expressed and characterized the putative C2 domains of PLDα and PLDβ, designated PLDα C2 and PLDβ C2, by CD spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and phospholipid binding assay. Both PLD C2 domains displayed CD spectra consistent with anticipated major β-sheet structures but underwent spectral changes upon binding Ca2+; the magnitude was larger for PLDβ C2. These conformational changes, not shown by any of the previously characterized C2 domains of animal origin, occurred at micromolar Ca2+ concentrations for PLDβ C2 but at millimolar levels of the cation for PLDα C2. PLDβ C2 exhibited three Ca2+-binding sites: one with a dissociation constant (K d) of 0.8 μm and the other two with a K d of 24 μm. In contrast, isothermal titration calorimetry data of PLDα C2 were consistent with 1–3 low affinity Ca2+-binding sites withK d in the range of 590–470 μm. The thermodynamics of Ca2+ binding markedly differed for the two C2 domains. Likewise, PLDβ C2 bound phosphatidylcholine (PC), the substrate of PLD, in the presence of submillimolar Ca2+concentrations, whereas PLDα C2 did so only in the presence of millimolar levels of the metal ion. Both C2 domains bound phosphatidylinoistol 4,5-bisphosphate, a regulator of PC hydrolysis by PLD. However, added Ca2+ displaced the bound phosphatidylinoistol 4,5-bisphosphate. Ca2+ and PC binding properties of PLDα C2 and PLDβ C2 follow a trend similar to the Ca2+ requirements of the whole enzymes, PLDα and PLDβ, for PC hydrolysis. Taken together, the results suggest that the C2 domains of PLDα and PLDβ have novel structural features and serve as handles by which Ca2+ differentially regulates the activities of the isoforms.
Position dependence of the exchange hole in atoms and ions

In the Hartree—Fock equations, as simplified by Slater, each electron is assumed to be acted upon by an exchange potential. The exchange potential, for an electron of a given spin, can be expressed in terms of the radius of the exchange hole surrounding the electron in question. This paper reports a simple calculation on the position dependence of the exchange hole radius in the Ne and Ar atoms, where there are equal numbers of spin-up and spin-down electrons, and in the Na atom, where the numbers of the spin-up and spin-down electrons differ by 1.
The ambiguities of social support: Adult daughters caring for frail elderly parents

Abstract This article explores the types of support adult daughters caring for frail elderly parents receive from various sources (husbands, children, siblings, friends, and support groups) as well as the barriers they encounter in seeking additional help. Previous studies, based on quantitative methods, have asserted that social support buffers caregivers from stress. This study, based on in-depth interviews using both open-ended and close-ended questions, found that family and friends exacerbated stress as well as alleviated it. Renewed contact with brothers and sisters frequently reignited sibling rivalries. Friends who trivialized caregiving undermined the women. Moreover, although some daughters received critical assistance, concern for the well-being of others compelled these caregivers to submerge their own needs. Rather than Impose on their husbands, they renounced social support and attempted to absorb the costs of caregiving themselves. Many sought to shield their children from exposure to illness and death.
Industry profit-maximizing joint-venture structure in a linear cournot oligopoly

Abstract This note characterizes the coalition structure which maximizes industry profits in a linear oligopoly model examined by Bloch (1995). The industry profit-maximizing coalition structure is typically neither socially efficient nor the equilibrium coalition structure.
Rates of change in bone mineral density of the spine, heel, femoral neck and radius in healthy postmenopausal women.

Summary Rates of change in bone mineral density (BMD) at four skeletal sites were measured in 288 healthy postmenopausal women (41–71 years) who were participants in a 2-year calcium supplement trial. Mean calcium intake from food and supplements was 719 ± 299 (sd) mg/day during the study. Annualized change in spine (L2 –4) BMD, adjusted for body size, dietary calcium intake, treatment group and smoking was −2.24% ± 2.07% (sd) in women who were 1 to 2 years postmenopausal and declined in women through 5 years after menopause. The rate of change in women who were 6 or more years postmenopausal was −0.96% ± 2.96%. Mean adjusted change in heel BMD in all women was −1.16% ± 3.26%. At the femoral neck and radius there was no significant adjusted change in BMD in the group as a whole (femoral neck −0.24% ± 2.55%; radius −0.14% ± 2.24%), and the rate of bone loss was not detectably accelerated in women closest to menopause. Rates of bone loss in the subset of subjects who received no calcium supplementation tended to be greater at all skeletal sites.
Acute reserpine administration elicits long-term spontaneous oral dyskinesia.

Chronic reserpine administration produces persistent oral dyskinesia accompanied by severe dopamine depletion in the caudate-putamen. The present study examined whether these behavioral and neurochemical effects would persist following acute reserpine administration. Acute administration of reserpine (1 mg/kg, s.c.) produced spontaneous oral dyskinesia that persisted above control levels for at least 84 days. Reserpine also produced a 74% depletion of dopamine in the caudate-putamen relative to vehicle treatment at 3 days post-injection, but did not significantly alter dopamine in the caudate-putamen at 84 days post-injection. The finding that reserpine-induced oral dyskinesia persisted despite repletion of dopamine in the caudate-putamen suggests that the persistent neuropathological change underlying this behavior occurs in a neural pathway other than the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway.
Similarities between Alanine Dehydrogenase and the N-Terminal Part of Pyridine Nucleotide Transhydrogenase and Their Possible Implication in the Virulence Mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Recent developments in simultaneous multiple alignment methods of protein sequences allow prediction of structural similarity in related proteins. Alanine dehydrogenase and the N-terminal sequence of pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase were compared for their sequences. High similarities of sequences were observed especially in their NAD(H)-binding sites. These similarities suggest that antibodies which recognized the alanine dehydrogenase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can also be directed against the membrane bound pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase. If this is the case, the virulent property of this pathogen could be linked to its higher synthesis of NADPH necessary for its anabolism.
Predictors of life satisfaction in retired physicians and spouses

Background: With the current demographic changes, adjustment to retirement has become a major concern for physicians. Yet information on adjustment to retirement gathered from retired physicians is sparse. Information on physician spouses following retirement is currently not available. Therefore, we conducted a survey of a multi-disciplinary group of retired physicians and their spouses on adjustment to retirement. Methods: A mail survey was sent to 1834 alumni who graduated from medical school prior to 1965. Responses were received from 795 (43 %) physicians and 455 spouses. Of the physicians, 678 indicated that they were retired or semi-retired. Life satisfaction was measured on a 9-point Likert scale. Results: Levels of life satisfaction were high for both physicians and spouses. Approximately 88 % of both groups reported being mostly satisfied or better with their lives. Factors associated with better life satisfaction for physicians included better health, optimism, feelings of financial security, participation in activities and hobbies and a good sexual relationship. For spouses, good health, having a husband willing to help with chores, quality of relationships including sexual relationship and attending theatre or sporting events were associated with higher levels of life satisfaction. Spouses who had never worked reported higher levels of life satisfaction than spouses who had worked and were now retired. For changes in life satisfaction since physician retirement, predictors for both physicians and spouses were similar to those for life satisfaction. However, for physicians, both younger age and more years in retirement were independently associated with improved life satisfaction. Issues regarding loss of role and methods and reasons for retirement influenced satisfaction in the early retirees. For spouses, major challenges involved coping with changes in the marital relationship. Conclusions: Physicians and their spouses reported high levels of life satisfaction. The factors predicting life satisfaction and change in life satisfaction following retirement differed for physicians and spouses. For physicians, life satisfaction and change in life satisfaction were affected by time since retirement.
Including a Brief Substance-Abuse Motivational Intervention in a Couples Treatment Program for Intimate Partner Violence

Substance abuse (SA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) frequently co-occur, providing challenges to researchers and treatment professionals alike. Researchers have struggled to understand the nature of the relation between these 2 difficult issues. Are they wholly un-related, indirectly related, or is there a causal relation between the 2? Treatment professionals face the dilemma of how to provide treatment to clients who abuse substances and who are violent with their intimate others. Most treatment for these 2 disorders is provided separately with varying degrees of effort to coordinate services. Models of combined treatment are few, and none address couples in which both partners are violent or abuse substances. This article briefly reviews the literature on SA and IPV, and then describes a 1-session SA intervention, based on Motivational Interviewing, which has been added to the conjoint couples treatment model for IPV.
Definitive irradiation of T1‐T4N0 larynx cancer

The use of definitive irradiation in T1-T4N0 larynx cancer was reviewed in 236 patients at Rush-Presbysterian-St. Luke's Medical Center in Chicago. Recurrence-free survival for all stages was 86% at five years. Ultimate recurrence-free survival, including successful surgical salvage, was 91% at five years. The data described herein and the literature reviewed support the recommendation for definitive radiation therapy for T1 and T2N0 larynx cancer of any site. T3 lesions may also be reasonably treated with radiation therapy initially, reserving surgery for salvage. However, more data are needed to accurately identify the T3 larynx cancer patients most suited for radiation therapy.
Photothermal Confocal Spectromicroscopy of Multiple Cellular Chromophores and Fluorophores

Confocal fluorescence microscopy is a powerful biological tool providing high-resolution, three-dimensional (3D) imaging of fluorescent molecules. Many cellular components are weakly fluorescent, however, and thus their imaging requires additional labeling. As an alternative, label-free imaging can be performed by photothermal (PT) microscopy (PTM), based on nonradiative relaxation of absorbed energy into heat. Previously, little progress has been made in PT spectral identification of cellular chromophores at the 3D microscopic scale. Here, we introduce PTM integrating confocal thermal-lens scanning schematic, time-resolved detection, PT spectral identification, and nonlinear nanobubble-induced signal amplification with a tunable pulsed nanosecond laser. The capabilities of this confocal PTM were demonstrated for high-resolution 3D imaging and spectral identification of up to four chromophores and fluorophores in live cells and Caenorhabditis elegans. Examples include cytochrome c, green fluorescent protein, Mito-Tracker Red, Alexa-488, and natural drug-enhanced or genetically engineered melanin as a PT contrast agent. PTM was able to guide spectral burning of strong absorption background, which masked weakly absorbing chromophores (e.g., cytochromes in the melanin background). PTM provided label-free monitoring of stress-related changes to cytochrome c distribution, in C. elegans at the single-cell level. In nonlinear mode ultrasharp PT spectra from cyt c and the lateral resolution of 120 nm during calibration with 10-nm gold film were observed, suggesting a potential of PTM to break through the spectral and diffraction limits, respectively. Confocal PT spectromicroscopy could provide a valuable alternative or supplement to fluorescence microscopy for imaging of nonfluorescent chromophores and certain fluorophores.
Studies in atmospheric pollen of San Francisco

Abstract 1.1. Although it is recognized that pollens may be carried great distances by the wind, it is our opinion that the bulk of the atmospheric pollen in San Francisco has as its source plants growing within the confines of the city. We believe this is due to the peculiar geographic location of San Francisco and to the direction of the prevailing winds. 2.2. The total pollen content of the air in San Francisco (exclusive of pollen from members of the pine and cypress families) is low compared to that of the ragweed areas of central and eastern United States, but is as high as the counts made by us in other California cities and much higher than those made by Durham for Sacramento and Los Angeles. 3.3. In San Francisco tree pollens are very abundant. They come from a wide range of species, and they extend over a wide seasonal range. 4.4. Eucalyptus with about 90 species and acacia with over 50 species present problems needing further study.
Considering Tutors' Perspectives: Implications for Tutoring Struggling Readers

This study is an investigation of the perspectives of college students who served as tutors for struggling first-grade readers. Two research questions drove the study: What did the tutors perceive as strengths and weaknesses of the tutoring program? and What possible solutions did they have for addressing any concerns? Quantitative and qualitative data, collected through questionnaires and interviews, suggest that the tutors felt personal satisfaction following their tutoring experiences. The tutors voiced positive comments and expressed concerns in four primary areas: training, supervision, feedback, and setting. Implications are discussed and suggestions are made to address the issues raised.
The Emerging Role of Elbow Arthroscopy in Chronic Use Injuries and Fracture Care

Arthroscopy is emerging as an invaluable tool for diagnosing and treating elbow pathology. In addition to the advantages of less scarring, decreased risk of infection, less postoperative pain, and a more thorough visualization of the elbow joint, arthroscopy is particularly well suited to the treatment of athletes trying to minimize rehabilitation and inactivity. Indications for elbow arthroscopy now extend well beyond diagnosis and loose body removal, and include the treatment of impingement, arthritis, contractures, fragment stabilization for osteochondritis dessicans, and treatment of certain fractures. This article reviews the basic principles and techniques of elbow arthroscopy and their application to common sports-related conditions, such as valgus overload syndrome, medial collateral ligament insufficiency, and the various causes of lateral elbow pain. Newer applications of elbow arthroscopy in fracture care are addressed as well.
Native American cultural influences on career self-schemas and MBA fit

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop two new constructs (career self-schemas and career locus) and present a conceptual model of the influence of Native American culture on MBA fit. Design/methodology/approach – Using a social cognitive lens on career theory, the authors examine the possible effects of cultural influences on the fit between Native Americans’ career goals and an MBA. Specifically, the authors propose that cultural factors contribute to career self-schemas inconsistent with Native American perceptions of business graduate education. Career self-schemas are an individual’s cognitive map of the self in his or her career. Findings – The conceptual model proposes that aspects of career self-schemas may explain lagging Native Americans’ MBA fit: the MBA is culturally inconsistent, and a community career locus. Research limitations/implications – The model needs to be tested empirically. This research has implications that extend beyond Native Americans to help explain the career asp...
Conceptual background, development, and preliminary data from the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders

Anxiety and mood disorders are common, chronic, costly, and characterized by high comorbidity. The development of cognitive behavioral approaches to treating anxiety and mood disorders has left us with highly efficacious treatments that are increasingly widely accepted. The proliferation of treatment manuals targeting single disorders, sometimes with trivial differences among them, leaves the mental health professional with no clear way to choose one manual over another and little chance of ever becoming familiar with most of them, let alone trained to competence in their delivery. Deepening understanding of the nature of emotional disorders reveals that commonalities in etiology and latent structures among these disorders supersedes differences. Based on empirical evidence from the domains of learning, emotional development and regulation, and cognitive science, we have distilled a set of psychological procedures that comprise a unified intervention for emotional disorders. The Unified Protocol (UP) is a transdiagnostic, emotion-focused cognitive behavioral treatment, which emphasizes the adaptive, functional nature of emotions, and seeks to identify and correct maladaptive attempts to regulate emotional experiences, thereby facilitating appropriate processing and extinction of excessive emotional responding to both internal (somatic) and external cues. The treatment components of the UP are briefly outlined. Theory and rationale supporting this new approach are described along with some preliminary evidence supporting its efficacy. Implications for the treatment of emotional disorders using the UP are discussed.
Discordant effects of glucocorticoids on active and passive transport of calcium in the rat duodenum

The effect of glucocorticoids on duodenal active and passive calcium transport was studied by thein situ intestinal loop technique, using 2.0 mM and 50 mM concentrations of calcium. The administration of prednisolone resulted in a significant increase of fluid and sodium absorption. The final luminal calcium concentration was increased in the prednisolone-treated group. Under conditions where active transport predominates (2 mM), glucocorticoids decreased lumen-to-plasma and increased plasma-to-lumen calcium flux, resulting in a decrease of net calcium absorption. Under conditions where passive transport predominates (50 mM), glucocorticoids did not decrease calcium absorption in the duodenum. These data suggest that under conditions where passive transport predominates, glucocorticoids indirectly enhance calcium absorption by an effect on water movement. Water movement enhances calcium absorption by concentrating unabsorbed calcium within the intestinal lumen. The increase in passive diffusion of calcium in the duodenum compensates for the inhibition of the active transport of calcium by glucocorticoids.
MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS IN A PATIENT WITH A DILATED AORTIC ROOT

Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) determination of aortic valve (AV) stenosis severity is dependent on proper alignment for ideal interrogation of the valve. Eccentric jets or off angle measurements decrease the accuracy of TTE by underestimating stenosis severity and may inappropriately delay
Racial variation in the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder in the United States.

ABSTRACTPurpose: Racial differences in the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder may provide insight into the pathogenesis of this disease. We determined the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder according to race in the United States.Materials and Methods: Data obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program from 1973 to 1997 were analyzed to determine the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder in individuals 35 to 84 years old. Incidence rates by race and gender were then adjusted to the age distribution of the 1970 American population.Results: The average annual incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder was 1.20/100,000 in black and 0.60/100,000 in white Americans (relative risk 2.0, 95% CI 1.74 to 2.29). Black men were at increased risk compared with white men and black women were at increased risk compared with white women. The higher incidence in black versus white individuals existed in all age groups beyond 45 years and was pr...
Characterization of P-glycoprotein inhibition at the blood brain barrier by ketoconazole and quinidine using the central pharmacodynamics of loperamide as an indicator of brain distribution

Background Loperamide (L) is a μ opioid agonist that does not cause central opiate effects, presumably due to P-glycoprotein (Pgp) mediated efflux from the brain. L is a substrate for both CYP3A and Pgp. Ketoconazole (K) is a potent inhibitor of CYP3A. Quinidine (Q) and K inhibit Pgp. This study evaluated the ability of L to induce opioid effects in the presence of K or Q. Methods In a 2 part trial, 8 & 10 subjects were studied after the steady state K (400 mg QD) or single-dose Q (100, 400, 800 mg) arms. L doses up to 16 mg were studied. Subjects received oral morphine (M) 30 mg as a positive control. Pupil diameter was measured via pupilometry. PK and PD parameters were determined using WinNonLin. Results PK and PD parameters (adjusted geometric means) for L 16 mg are noted in following Table: Conclusions The combination of L and K or Q produced modest central effects. While Q was somewhat more potent than K at inhibiting blood-brain barrier (BBB) Pgp, the PD effect for both combinations was much less than M. These results suggest the clinical relevance of the interaction between L and either Q or K at the BBB is marginal. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 77, P31–P31; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.12.011 Table 1. Rx K + P P + L Q100 + L Q400 + L Q800 + L K + L M * p< 0.01 vs P+ L; + p< 0.05 vs. P. PD effects for all Q doses and K+ L treatments were less than for M. (p< 0.01) L Cmax (μg/mL) — 3.10 4.04* 5.58* 7.78* 16.0* — L AUC (μg*h/mL) — 40.8 50.1* 67.3* 88.1* 208* — AUEC (mm*h) 3.2 6.7 11.8 14.4+ 7.31 10.6+ 25.2+ Emax (mm) 0.81 0.81 0.61 1.17+ 0.79 0.97 2.49+
Phosphorylation of Calmodulin by the Catalytic Subunit of Casein Kinase II Is Inhibited by the Regulatory Subunit

Casein kinase II (CKII) is composed of a catalytic subunit (alpha) and a regulatory subunit (beta) that combine to form an alpha 2 beta 2 holoenzyme. The alpha-subunit monomer is enzymatically active, albeit kinetically attenuated relative to the holoenzyme, and the addition of purified beta subunit stimulates its activity against casein (C. Cochet and E. M. Chambaz, 1983, J. Biol. Chem. 258, 1403-1406). Here we report a kinetic analysis of the phosphorylation of various protein and peptide substrates by the alpha subunit and the holoenzyme of Drosophila melanogaster CKII. We demonstrate that the alpha subunit, like the holoenzyme, is competent to phosphorylate typical physiological substrates such as the regulatory (RII) subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMPdPK), as well as artificial substrates such as alpha-casein and the synthetic peptide RRREEETEEE. The Km of the alpha subunit in each case is similar to that of the holoenzyme, whereas the Vmax is 5- to 60-fold lower. In contrast, calmodulin, a protein that is significantly phosphorylated by the holoenzyme only in the presence of polybasic compounds, is readily phosphorylated by the alpha subunit alone. While the Km values of the alpha subunit and the holoenzyme for calmodulin are similar, the Vmax of the alpha subunit is at least 10-fold higher than that of the holoenzyme. These results suggest that while the alpha subunit contains the necessary determinants for CKII substrate specificity, the beta subunit can either inhibit or activate it, in a substrate-dependent manner. Finally, we also demonstrate that polybasic compounds stimulate not only the holoenzyme but, to a lesser extent, the alpha subunit as well.