cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nature of hydrogen transfer in soybean lipoxygenase 1: separation of primary and secondary isotope effects.

Previous measurements of the kinetics of oxidation of linoleic acid by soybean lipoxygenase 1 have indicated very large deuterium isotope effects, but have not been able to distinguish the primary isotope effect from the α-secondary effect. To address this question, singly deuterated linoleic acid was prepared, and enantiomerically resolved using the enzyme itself. Noncompetitive measurements of the primary deuterium isotope effect give a value of ca. 40 which is temperature-independent. The enthalpy of activation is low and isotope-independent, and there is a large isotope effect on the Arrhenius prefactor. A very large apparent secondary isotope effect (ca. 2.1) is measured with deuterium in the primary position, but a greatly reduced value (1.1) is observed with protium in the primary position. Mutagenesis of the active site leads to a significant reduction in kcat and perturbed isotope effects, in particular, a secondary effect of 5.6 when deuterium is in the primary position. The anomalous secondary ...
Endoscopic imaging of Cerenkov luminescence.

We demonstrate feasibility of endoscopic imaging of Cerenkov light originated when charged nuclear particles, emitted from radionuclides, travel through a biological tissue of living subjects at superluminal velocity. The endoscopy imaging system consists of conventional optical fiber bundle/ clinical endoscopes, an optical imaging lens system, and a sensitive low-noise charge coupled device (CCD) camera. Our systematic studies using phantom samples show that Cerenkov light from as low as 1 µCi of radioactivity emitted from 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) can be coupled and transmitted through conventional optical fibers and endoscopes. In vivo imaging experiments with tumor bearing mice, intravenously administered with 18F-FDG, further demonstrated that Cerenkov luminescence endoscopy is a promising new tool in the field of endoscopic molecular imaging.
Transport and interactions of kaolinite and mercury in saturated sand media.

Abstract To evaluate the potential of Hg release and co-transport by colloids, it is important to understand how Hg, colloids and Hg-loaded colloids migrate in soils. Hg sorption by kaolinite and sand were nonlinear and fit the Langmuir model, with the maximum Hg sorption capacity being 1.2 mg/g kaolinite and 0.11 mg/g sand. Co-transport of Hg and kaolinite was evaluated using: (1) 1 or 100 mg/L Hg or 100 mg/L kaolinite, (2) 1 or 100 mg/L Hg mixed with 100 mg/L kaolinite, (3) 1 or 100 mg/L Hg presorbed onto kaolinite, and (4) 250 mg/L kaolinite in Hg-loaded sand columns. The presence of kaolinite (100 mg/L) reduced Hg's mobility through sand column by increasing deposition rate of Hg-loaded kaolinite. At 100 mg/L Hg, soluble Hg dominated Hg transport; but at 1 mg/L Hg, colloidal Hg (Hg sorbed on kaolinite) affected Hg transport. Preloading 100 mg/L Hg onto kaolinite (0.43 mg/g) reduced kaolinite's mobility with low recovery rate (78%), with Hg retardation ( R = 1) in Hg-loaded kaolinite being lower than Hg retardation at 100 mg/L Hg ( R = 1.287). The Hg recovery rate (93%) from Hg-loaded kaolinite at 1 mg/L Hg was higher compared to 22% from 1 mg/L Hg. Kaolinite can serve as a carrier to enhance Hg transport in porous media, with 250 mg/L kaolinite mobilizing ∼2.4% Hg presorbed onto sand media. Correlation analysis revealed that desorbed Hg was significantly correlated with kaolinite ( r = 0.81, P
Pattern of hypomethylating agents use among elderly patients with myelodysplastic syndromes

Little is known about how hypomethylating agents (HMAs) have been adopted into the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). We conducted a population-based study to assess the use of HMAs among 4416 MDS patients (age≥66 years) who were diagnosed during 2001-2005 and followed up through the end of 2007. Multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to evaluate the role of various patient characteristics. 475 (10.8%) patients had received HMAs by 2007, with the proportion increasing over time. Patients who were white (odds ratio (OR)=0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46-0.95), male (OR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.19-1.82), young (Ptrend<0.01), more recently diagnosed (OR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.54-2.34), had fewer comorbidities (Ptrend<0.01), or had a history of other cancer (OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.00-1.63) were more likely to receive HMAs. Compared with patients with refractory anemia, those diagnosed with refractory anemia with excess blasts or refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia had a higher chance to be treated with HMAs (OR=3.52 and 2.32, respectively). Relatively few MDS patients were treated with HMAs during the introduction period of these agents, and multiple patient characteristics such as sex, comorbidities, and MDS subtype influence the likelihood a patient receives HMAs.
Lateralized cognitive dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

This study was designed to determine whether there is a lateralized pattern of cognitive dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Fifty right-handed patients with SLE, but no history of cerebrovascular disease participated in the study. Thirty right-handed healthy subjects matched for age and education served as controls. SLE and healthy control subjects underwent a three-hour neuropsychological evaluation designed to measure attention, memory, visual spatial skills, verbal skills reasoning, psychomotor speed, and motor function. A cognitive disability index was created to identify cognitive impairment. Percentile tables based on the performance of all subjects were constructed for 20 component scores. Any subject with five or more component scores below the 25th percentile was designated impaired. Using this criterion, cognitive impairment was identified in 50% of patients with SLE and 20% of healthy controls. Patients with SLE were impaired on measures of psychomotor speed/fluenc...
Vibration response of lightweight wood frame building elements

Direct and indirect measurements of the vibration response of several wood-framed walls and floors were made. The data indicate that these building elements do not behave like a homogeneous and isotropic system but rather exhibit a response typical of a periodic plate/beam structure. There is localization of energy near the excitation point and very strong attenuation with distance in the direction normal to the framing members. This region of high attenuation is followed by one of considerably reduced attenuation. A systematic study of a floor/ceiling assembly indicated that the onset of this second attenuation region was caused by the presence of a butt joint in the plate. It is speculated that the weak bending-to-bending coupling caused by the butt joint reduced the bending energy enough so that wave conversion from in-plane to bending at each plate/beam joint accounted for the presence (and in some cases near-constant level) of bending energy after the butt joint.
Telecommunications: implications for women

Abstract Telecommunications offer benefits to women in their changing work roles, such as helping working mothers by providing more flexible schedules and facilitating the establishment of child-care, reducing the need for relocation and/or separation of members of dual- career families, and easing discomfort of male-female work interactions by helping to depersonalise the working environment. While discussion focuses on the implications for women, many of the benefits already apply to men and will become even more applicable as men take more active roles in their families and engage in more leisure-time activities.
Some new gestalt psychologies

The present decade has seen a resurgence of interest in perceptual phenomena investigated by Gestalt psychologists. Some of these new psychologies call themselves Neo-Gestalt psychology. Thus it seems appropriate to examine their relation to Gestalt psychology. In addition to the problems they investigate, these new psychologies usually have in common an information-processing approach to perception. Thus information processing is compared with Gestalt psychology; the major issues to be considered are mechanism and atomism. In addition, a brief discussion of phenomenology is seen to be relevant to these new psychologies, quite apart from their relation to information processing. After a short discussion of these major issues, a still briefer examination of a few Neo-Gestalt psychologies and of the parallel distributed processing (PDP) approach is undertaken.
Nutrition’s influence on coronary artery disease, cancer and osteoporosis

Abstract Nutrition affects our health and well-being in many ways. Ob/Gyn physicians can improve the nutrition of patients by teaching patients how to alter their dietary intake to optimize their health. Major health concerns of women today include coronary artery disease, cancer, and osteoporosis. Several studies have linked the intake of vitamins, antioxidants, and specific foods to altering the course of these illnesses. Mono- and polyunsaturated fats and antioxidants have been inversely related to coronary artery disease. Antioxidant vitamins and various vegetables boost protection against cancers. Calcium and vitamin D intake can curb bone loss. This paper presents nutrition studies and outlines changes in the diet that can strengthen defenses against coronary artery disease, cancer and osteoporosis.
Carcinoid tumors of the vermiform appendix.

The carcinoid tumor of the appendix is a small, and usually innocuous, lesion most frequently discovered incidentally in an appendix removed for other reasons. It will only uncommonly contribute to the development of acute appendicitis. Although more frequently diagnosed in the female, the incidence of this tumor is equal in both sexes. The appendiceal carcinoid can occur in early childhood and reaches a peak incidence in young adults. Among patients older than 60 years the incidence seems to decrease more rapidly than can be explained by the frequency of appendectomies. Invasion of muscular layers, lymphatic invasion, and peritoneal involvement are common with appendiceal carcinoids. Metastasis is rare. The malignant carcinoid syndrome can occur but is even less common. Simple appendectomy is adequate treatment for the patient with an appendiceal carcinoid and no gross evidence of metastasis. Right hemicolectomy is justifiable only for the rare primary tumor measuring 2 cm or more in diameter.
A Role for CaMKII in T Cell Memory

Abstract In order to study the role of calcium/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) in T cells, we generated transgenic mice expressing CaMKIIγB* (T287D), a partially calciumindependent mutant of CaMKIIγB. In these mice, the size of the thymus was increased 1.5- to 2-fold, at least in part due to an increase in the lifespan of double-positive (DP) thymocytes. More importantly, there was an increase in the number of T cells in the secondary lymphoid organs that had acquired an antigen-dependent memory phenotype. These T cells were bonafide memory cells as assessed by a variety of criteria. In addition, T cells from wild-type mice acquired calcium-independent CaMKII activity after several rounds of antigen-stimulated division. We propose that CaMKII controls a distinct process of activation-induced cellular differentiation.
Processing dutch sentence structures

This paper summarizes existing research on syntactic processing of Dutch sentences by adult native speakers of the language, with an eye to the implications of this work for a general theory of the human sentence processing mechanism (HSPM). The principles underlying the assignment of phrase structure and the binding of traces seem to be the same as those proposed for languages like English or Italian. For example, no delays of analysis exist in parsing the constituents of a phrase even if the phrase is head-final. Also, the obligatory topicalization of a constituent which is required in the highest clause of a Dutch sentence does not appear to result in trace postulation principles distinct from those operative in languages where topicalization is optional. The studies reviewed also address questions concerning the complexity of the dependency between a moved constituent and its trace as measured by the length of a path vs. the length of a chain, the processing of subject gaps following an overt complementizer, the complexity of interpreting an adjunct moved from an obligatory position, and the processing of discontinuous words. Though the studies do not pose a problem for pre-existing views of the HSPM, they do highlight certain areas of parsing theory which remain seriously underdeveloped. Foremost, perhaps, is the specification of the principles governing the architecture of the processing system, which ultimately should explain how the organization of the HSPM and its subcomponents results from acquiring the grammar of any particular language.
Spirituality in the Classroom: Two Integration Exercises For Management (and other) Classes

How can a professor intentionally create space for the Spirit in a business class? One way is to use exercises and assignments that integrate a spiritual dimension into class content. This paper presents two exercises that students have found to be beneficial in “learning in righteousness.” Teaching notes are included. The exercises have been tested in management classrooms but can be adapted for many business classes.
Task space velocity blending for real-time trajectory generation

A velocity blending approach to the problem of task space trajectory generation is presented. To compare this technique with others, a generalized formulation for task space trajectory blending is also developed. It is shown that task space velocity blending provides a substantial simplification in both representation and computational complexity over previously proposed methods. While some residual orientation error is incurred by mathematical approximations, it is analytically shown that this error is small, and a correction method is provided. Examples are given, the author's real-time implementation is described, and implementational considerations are addressed. >
Servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva según los adolescentes varones (Bucaramanga, Colombia)

Los adolescentes se enfrentan a diferentes dilemas, los cuales al no ser resueltos oportunamente, plantean grandes riesgos para la salud. Objetivo: Caracterizar las necesidades basicas y expectativas de los adolescentes varones, desde su percepcion, respecto a servicios de SSR. Materiales y metodos: estudio cualitativo etnografico, mediante la estrategia de Grupos de Discusion, se utilizaron dialogos informales, entrevistas focales y observacion. Se selecciono por conveniencia una muestra de varones adolescentes de Bucaramanga, de estratos 2 al 6, de instituciones publicas, privadas y no escolarizados, entre los 13 y los 18 anos, para un total de 52 participantes y 7 grupos focales. Resultados: A pesar de las diferencias culturales y socioeconomicas concuerdan en sus percepciones, necesidades y expectativas acerca de la sexualidad y los servicios de SSR. El analisis final mostro 4 categorias: Experiencias sobre servicios de SSR, Ideales sobre servicios de SSR, Pornografia y Sexualidad. Conclusiones: Es evidente la invisibilidad de los servicios de SSR y la percepcion no favorable, desde la experiencia de los que la conocen. No obstante lo anterior, los adolescentes consideran necesario contar con esta clase de servicios. Esta investigacion conduce a la reflexion sobre el desconocimiento del adolescente varon desde su ser, sentir y querer ser.
Characterization and estimation of circuit reliability degradation under NBTI using on-line IDDQ measurement

Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) in MOSFETs is one of the major reliability challenges in nano-scale technology. This paper presents an efficient technique to characterize and estimate the lifetime circuit reliability under NBTI degradation. Unlike conventional approaches, where a representative fMAX (maximum operating frequency) measurement from timing critical circuitry is used, we propose to utilize the standby circuit leakage IDDQ as a metric to detect and characterize temporal NBTI degradation in digital circuits. Compared to the fMAX based approach, the proposed IDDQ based technique benefits from lower test cost and improved capability of estimating reliability of complex circuitries such as ALUs and SRAM arrays. We have derived an analytical expression for circuit IDDQ from the analytical PMOS Vt degradation model (DeltaVt prop t1/6 ). The proposed model is verified with measurement data obtained from a test chip fabricated in 130 nm technology. Furthermore, we examine the possible applications of our proposed IDDQ based NBTI characterization. We show that the temporal degradation in static noise margin (SNM) of SRAM array and fMAX of random logic circuits are highly correlated to the IDDQ measurement, and this relationship can be used to predict long term circuit reliability.
The notional defined contribution model: An assessment of the strengths and limitations of a new approach to the provision of old age security

Most public old-age pension schemes around the world are based at least in part on the pay-as-you-go defined benefit (PAYGO DB) model. As these schemes have matured and the limitations of this approach have become more salient, pension experts have begun considering alternative models. The Notional Defined Contribution (NDC) model, which is also financed on a PAYGO basis, has emerged as one of the major new approaches. In the years ahead it may be combined with or possibly displace the funded defined contribution model as the major alternative to the PAYGO DB model. Drawing primarily on evidence from NDC schemes in 6 countries (Sweden, Italy, Poland, Latvia, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Mongolia), the goal of this paper is to describe the NDC model and to review its strengths and limitations relative to the major alternatives. A four pillar pension scheme is proposed to illustrate how a NDC pillar might be integrated into a multi-pillar scheme. One strength (relative to the PAYGO DB model) is that it makes a more explicit link between contributions and eventual pension benefits; however, the flip-side of this strength is that it provides less adequate pension benefits to low-wage workers due to the lack of income redistribution. The fiscal burden of the transition is less than that associated with a shift to a funded defined contribution scheme, but NDC schemes lack many of the potential economic benefits associated with funded defined contribution schemes, such as contributing to economic growth. The NDC model may become common among the nations in the process of making the transition from centrally planned to market economies, among Western European nations, and among developing nations. It is less likely to be adopted in nations that currently have fully or partially privatized schemes in place. In the United States, the model will probably get relatively little attention in the debate over Social Security reform, at least for the foreseeable future. However, it is a model that would put workers with low wages and irregular work histories at less risk than the funded defined contribution alternative being actively considered in current debates about Social Security reform in the United States.
Proteome Reference Map and Comparative Proteomic Analysis between a Wild Type Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 1731 and its Mutant with Enhanced Butanol Tolerance and Butanol Yield

The solventogenic bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum is an important species of the Clostridium community. To develop a fundamental tool that is useful for biological studies of C. acetobutylicum, we established a high resolution proteome reference map for this species. We identified 1206 spots representing 564 different proteins by mass spectrometry, covering approximately 50% of major metabolic pathways. To better understand the relationship between butanol tolerance and butanol yield, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis between the wild type strain DSM 1731 and the mutant Rh8, which has higher butanol tolerance and higher butanol yield. Comparative proteomic analysis of two strains at acidogenic and solventogenic phases revealed 102 differentially expressed proteins that are mainly involved in protein folding, solvent formation, amino acid metabolism, protein synthesis, nucleotide metabolism, transport, and others. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that over 70% of the 102 differentially expressed proteins in mutant Rh8 were either upregulated (e.g., chaperones and solvent formation related) or downregulated (e.g., amino acid metabolism and protein synthesis related) in both acidogenic and solventogenic phase, which, respectively, are only upregulated or downregulated in solventogenic phase in the wild type strain. This suggests that Rh8 cells have evolved a mechanism to prepare themselves for butanol challenge before butanol is produced, leading to an increased butanol yield. This is the first report on the comparative proteome analysis of a mutant strain and a base strain of C. acetobutylicum. The fundamental proteomic data and analyses will be useful for further elucidating the biological mechanism of butanol tolerance and/or enhanced butanol production.
Coplanar Waveguide Discontinuities and Circuit Elements

This chapter presents the characteristics of coplanar waveguide (CPW) discontinuities, including open end, short end, series gap in the center strip conductor, step change in the width of the center strip conductor, and right angle bend. These are typical discontinuities and are an integral part of practical CPW circuits. A good understanding of their circuit behavior is essential for design success. Air-bridges, T-junctions, spiral inductors, interdigital and metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors, series and shunt stubs, and shunt inductors are covered in later sections of the chapter.
Pterostilbene inhibits lung cancer through induction of apoptosis.

Background Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States. Resveratrol is a potent antioxidant found in grapes that inhibits several types of cancer, including lung cancer. Herein, we investigated the effects of pterostilbene, an analog of resveratrol found in blueberries, on lung cancer, in vitro. We hypothesized that pterostilbene would inhibit lung cancer cell growth in vitro by a pro-apoptotic mechanism. Methods Two lung cancer cell lines (NCI-H460 and SK-MES-1) were cultured using standard techniques. Cells were treated with increasing doses of pterostilbene (10–100μM). Cell viability was measured at 24, 48, and 72 h using a MTT assay. Apo-ONE Caspase-3/7 assay was used to evaluate caspase activity. T-test and two-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. Results Pterostilbene significantly decreased cell viability in lung cancer cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (P Conclusions Pterostilbene inhibits growth via apoptosis induction in vitro. Further in vitro mechanistic studies and in vivo experiments are warranted to determine the potential role for pterostilbene in lung cancer treatment or prevention.
Log-normal Rician probability-density function of optical scintillations in the turbulent atmosphere

The log-normal Rician probability-density function is based on the following paradigm for the optical field after propagation through atmospheric turbulence: a field with reduced coherence that obeys Rice–Nakagami statistics is modulated by a multiplicative factor that obeys log-normal statistics. The larger eddies in the turbulent medium produce the log-normal statistics, and the smaller ones produce the Gaussian statistics. On the basis of this model all the parameters required by the density function can be calculated by using physical parameters such as turbulence strength, inner scale, and propagation configuration. The heuristic density function is consistent with available data at low and at high turbulence levels.
Soil Patterns in Three Darlingtonia Fens of Southwestern Oregon

Abstract The Darlingtonia fens, found on serpentine soils in southern Oregon, are distinct communities that demonstrate a balance among high water tables, shallow soils, the presence of heavy metals, and limited nutrients. While conservative efforts have been made to preserve them, soil patterning or the specific processes that appear to underlie soil variability are poorly understood. I investigated the relationship of fire-free period on soil gradients and succession in three Darlingtonia fens, each with a different amount of time since last fire. Changes in vegetation and belowground variables were distinguished across fen, savanna, and shrub communities and across the three sites. I suggest that belowground gradients may be more important than time since fire at preserving these uniquely adapted systems, since vegetation undergoes post fire succession from fen to shrub to savanna after approximately 100 years since fire. Although restoration of ecosystem structure and processes was not the primary foc...
Central GPR109A activation Mediates Glutamate-Dependent Pressor Response in Conscious Rats

G protein-coupled receptor 109A (GPR109A) activation by its ligand nicotinic acid (NA) in immune cells increases Ca(2+) levels, and Ca(2+) induces glutamate release and oxidative stress in central blood pressure (BP)-regulating nuclei, for example, the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), leading to sympathoexcitation. Despite NA's ability to reach the brain, the expression and function of its receptor GPR109A in the RVLM remain unknown. We hypothesized that NA activation of RVLM GPR109A causes Ca(2+)-dependent l-glutamate release and subsequently increases neuronal oxidative stress, sympathetic activity, and BP. To test this hypothesis, we adopted a multilevel approach, which included pharmacologic in vivo studies along with ex vivo and in vitro molecular studies in rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) cells (which exhibit neuronal phenotype). We present the first evidence for GPR109A expression in the RVLM and in PC12 cells. Next, we showed that RVLM GPR109A activation (NA) caused pressor and bradycardic responses in conscious rats. The resemblance of these responses to those caused by intra-RVLM glutamate and their attenuation by NMDA receptor (NMDAR) blockade (2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid) and enhancement by l-glutamate uptake inhibition (l-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, PDC) supported our hypothesis. NA increased Ca(2+), glutamate, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in PC12 cells and increased RVLM ROS levels. The inactive NA analog isonicotinic acid failed to replicate the cardiovascular and biochemical effects of NA. Further, GPR109A knockdown (siRNA) abrogated the biochemical effects of NA in PC12 cells. These novel findings yield new insight into the role of RVLM GPR109A in central BP control.
Dietary Acculturation among Filipino Americans

Acculturation, the subsequent changes that occur in one culture after continuous first hand contact with another culture, impacts the dietary habits and health risks of individuals. This study examines the acculturation, dietary habits and anthropometric measurements in a sample of 210 first generation Filipino American immigrants in New Jersey (NJ). Acculturation was measured using the Short Acculturation Scale for Filipino Americans (ASASFA). Dietary acculturation was measured using the Dietary Acculturation Questionnaire for Filipino Americans (DAQFA) and dietary intake was determined using the Block’s Brief Food Frequency Questionnaire (BFFQ). Anthropometric measurements were obtained including weight, height and waist circumference. Acculturation had a significant negative relationship with Filipino Dietary acculturation. Western dietary acculturation was significantly correlated with caloric intake (r(208) = 0.193, p < 0.01), percentage fat intake (r(208) = 0.154, p < 0.05), percentage carbohydrate intake (r(208) = −0.172, p < 0.05), Body Mass Index (BMI) (r(208) = 0.216, p < 0.01) and waist circumference (r(208) = 0.161, p < 0.01). There was no significant correlation between Filipino dietary acculturation, dietary intake and anthropometric measurements. The results showed that Filipino American immigrants have increased risks including increased BMI, waist circumference and increased fat intake. Over all, this research highlighted some dietary changes and their effects on dietary intake and health status.
An implementation-independent threat model for group communications

The importance of group communications and the need to efficiently and reliably support it across a network is an issue of growing importance for the next decade. New group communication services are emerging such as multimedia conferencing/groupware, distributed interactive simulations, sensor fusion systems, command and control centers, and network-centric military applications. While a succession of point-to-point unicast routes could provide group communications, this approach is inherently inefficient and unlikely to support the increased resource requirements of these new services. There is the lack of a comprehensive process to designing security into group communications schemes. Designing such protection for group communications is best done by utilizing proactive system engineering rather than reacting with ad hoc countermeasures to the latest attack du jour. Threat modeling is the foundation for secure system engineering processes because it organizes system threats and vulnerabilities into general classes so they can be addressed with known protection techniques. Although there has been prior work on threat modeling primarily for software applications, however, to our knowledge this is the first attempt at implementation-independent threat modeling for group communications. We discuss protection challenges unique to group communications and propose a process to create a threat model for group communication systems independent of underlying implementation based on classical security principles (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability, Authentication, or CIAA). It is our hope that this work will lead to better designs for protection solutions against threats to group communication systems.
How Best to Confront the Bully: Should Title IX or Antibullying Statutes Be the Answer

This article examines liability for peer-on-peer sexual harassment in the context of bullying under Title IX and state anti-bullying laws. Part II describes the persistent problem of bullying in school and its extremely harmful effects on students. Part III explores the background of Title IX and the evolving law regarding peer-on-peer harassment. Part IV proceeds to summarize state anti-bullying laws, while Part V analyzes which legal approach, Title IX or anti-bullying statutes, is best to protect children from peer-on-peer sexual harassment at school. The article then argues that both Title IX and anti-bullying statutes are necessary to protect our children because Title IX does not cover those forms of harassment that do not fit the definition of sexual harassment or are not of adequate severity. Despite the importance of anti-bullying statutes, many currently existing statutes are flawed because they are too deferential to local schools. The article concludes by offering practical suggestions to legislatures when drafting anti-bullying statutes.
Early clinical experience with hydroxyapatite-coated femoral implants

As part of a multi-center study, 238 titanium stems that were proximally coated with hydroxyapatite were implanted in 220 patients between January 1988 and December 1989. Ninety-two of these stems in eighty-three patients had a minimum of two years of follow-up, including analysis of the clinical and radiographic data. Clinically, the patients were essentially pain-free before six months and had a low (4 per cent) prevalence of pain in the thigh and a very high composite Harris hip-score (mean, 95 points) at two years. Radiographically, subsidence was detected in 8 per cent of the implants; no implant had more than three millimeters of subsidence. Radiolucencies were characteristically seen around the uncoated distal part of the stem, in 70 per cent of the implants. Contrastingly, radiolucencies were rare in the hydroxyapatite-coated proximal zones and were most often found anteriorly, in only 5 per cent of the implants. Areas of increased formation of cancellous bone were seen beneath femoral cortical bone at the interface between the hydroxyapatite-coated and uncoated parts of the stem, in 67 per cent of the implants. Calcar resorption was found in 49 per cent of the implants. Cortical thickening was present in 17 per cent of the implants at the uncoated distal part of the stem. Two of the 238 femoral implants were revised: one because of infection and one because of aseptic loosening associated with non-union of a subtrochanteric osteotomy.
Front-fixing model of turbidity currents at river deltas in lakes and reservoirs

Sand-bed rivers form deltas when they reach standing bodies of water such as lakes and reservoirs. Most sand-bed rivers carry much more mud as wash load than they do sand as bed material load. Deltas typically form so that the sand falls out fluvially in a low-slope topset deposit and avalanches to form a much steeper prograding foreset deposit. The mud deposits out in a low-slope bottomset on the bed the lake or reservoir. Here the case of a sand-mud delta with co-evolving parts is treated numerically using a moving-boundary technique. Although the results reported here are preliminary, the simulated morphology shows a striking resemblance to e.g. the delta of the Colorado River in Lake Mead.
Hydrodynamic Drag Measurements of Advanced Composite IsoTruss® Lattice Structures

Hydrodynamic drag testing was conducted on eleven different configurations of advanced composite IsoTruss® lattice structures. The specimen test matrix included 6-node and 8-node configurations, single and double-grid geometries, thick and thin member sizes, smooth and rough surface finishes, a helical-only structure, and a smaller outer diameter test specimen. Orientation drag tests measured the hydrodynamic drag force of the IsoTruss test specimens at five different orientations with Reynolds number ranging from 7,000 to 80,000. Height variation drag tests were performed at four different immersed height levels, which corresponded to a Froude number ranging from 0.40 to 0.90. The IsoTruss specimens exhibited an average lower drag coefficient based on the projected cylindrical area than the smooth circular cylinder data throughout the Reynolds number and Froude number ranges. The drag coefficient based on solid member area collapsed to a second-order polynomial when presented as a function of the Froude number, with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. Nomenclature Ac = total projected area (height*diameter) defined by outer-most dimensions of IsoTruss structure Am = projected area of IsoTruss members only CD = drag coefficient based on total cylindrical projected area φ = solidity ratio
The appearance of the tarsal navicular after posteromedial release for clubfoot.

Sixty-one idiopathic clubfeet in 46 patients of an older population were treated by one-stage posteromedial release. Follow-up roentgenograms revealed dorsal subluxation of the tarsal navicular in 43% of the clubfeet. This abnormality is probably due to both closed manipulation and casting, and improper positioning of the navicular during posteromedial release. However, dorsal navicular subluxation did not adversely affect the results of treatment observed over the follow-up period that averaged nearly 6 ½ years. Medial subluxation of the navicular was associated with unsatisfactory results, whereas a centrally located or laterally subluxed navicular generally produced good or excellent results. Other abnormalities of the navicular noted included wedging and avascular necrosis. The long-term consequences of these various abnormalities of the roentgenographic appearance and position of the navicular are not known.
Erythroplasia of Queyrat treated by laser and light modalities: a systematic review.

Erythroplasia of Queyrat (EOQ) is a squamous cell carcinoma in situ most commonly located on the glans penis or prepuce. EOQ accounts for roughly 10 % of all penile malignancies and may lead to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Standard therapy includes local excision, partial or total penectomy, cryotherapy, and topical cytotoxic agents. Treatment of EOQ has proven to be challenging due to low response rates and recurrence. In addition, radical procedures can significantly affect sexual function and quality of life. Alternative laser treatments and photodynamic therapy (PDT) offer promising results for treating EOQ. A systemic review of the literature was performed for articles discussing laser and light therapy for EOQ. Among the patients treated with the CO2 laser, 81.4 % of cases had complete remission after one session of treatment. Patients treated with PDT presented with more variable results, where 62.5 % of those treated with methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy (MAL-PDT) achieved complete remission. Aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDT) treatment showed a similar rate of remission at 58.3 %. One study utilized the Nd:YAG laser, which resulted in a recurrence of the lesion in four of the five patients treated. Of the methods reviewed, the CO2 laser offered the most promising results with a cosmetically excellent prognosis. Further studies with larger power and longer follow-up times are needed to determine the optimal treatment regimen for this penile malignancy.
(18-Crown-6-κ6O){(tri­methyl­sil­yl)[6-(tri­methyl­silyl­amino)­pyridin-2-yl-κN1]aza­nido-κN}potassium(I)

The title complex, [K(C11H22N3Si2)(C12H24O6)], contains a single K+ cation coordinated by a monoanionic (6-tri­methyl­silyl­amino­pyridin-2-yl)(tri­methyl­sil­yl)aza­nide (HL) ligand and an 18-crown-6 ligand. One SiMe3 group in HL is disordered over two positions, with an occupancy ratio of 0.727 (7):0.273 (7). The K+ cation is eight-coordinated, distributed between the pyridyl and aza­nide N atoms of HL, forming a four-membered ring, and a κ6 18-crown-6 ligand. The complex is best described as a contact ion pair and, unlike other similar literature examples, this complex does not dimerize. No inter­molecular hydrogen bonding is observed in the crystal structure, likely indicating that weak electrostatic inter­actions are the dominant feature directing the crystal packing.
The super W∞ symmetry of the Manin-Radul super KP hierarchy

Abstract We show that the Manin-Radul super KP hierarchy is invariant under super W ∞ transformations. These transformations are characterized by time dependent flows which commute with the usual flows generated by the conserved quantities of the super KP hierarchy.
Denoised Wigner distribution deconvolution via low-rank matrix completion.

Wigner distribution deconvolution (WDD) is a decades-old method for recovering phase from intensity measurements. Although the technique offers an elegant linear solution to the quadratic phase retrieval problem, it has seen limited adoption due to its high computational/memory requirements and the fact that the technique often exhibits high noise sensitivity. Here, we propose a method for noise suppression in WDD via low-rank noisy matrix completion. Our technique exploits the redundancy of an object’s phase space to denoise its WDD reconstruction. We show in model calculations that our technique outperforms other WDD algorithms as well as modern iterative methods for phase retrieval such as ptychography. Our results suggest that a class of phase retrieval techniques relying on regularized direct inversion of ptychographic datasets (instead of iterative reconstruction techniques) can provide accurate quantitative phase information in the presence of high levels of noise.
World Health Organization classification

One of the most important steps in the management of patients with lymphoma, is establishing an accurate diagnosis. To do so, an adequate amount of tissue should be obtained for analysis and diagnostic work-up. Ideally, an excisional biopsy of a disease site or an enlarged lymph node should be performed. A less invasive, large core needle biopsy can also be sufficient in many cases to establish a diagnosis. However, fine needle aspiration is not considered appropriate for establishing a specific diagnosis of lymphoma.
Complementary and alternative medicine for nausea and vomiting

Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) are commonly used in the general population, often without involvement of physicians. This chapter is devoted to describing some common and safe complementary and alternative therapies for nausea and vomiting, with discussions on possible mechanism of action and review of the current literature. This chapter aims to aid in closing the gap between patients’ and physicians’ perceptions around CAM.
Examining the Relationship Between Childhood Victimization, High-Risk Behaviors, and Health Among Criminal Justice-Involved Women.

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a conceptual model of the pathways through which childhood victimization influences adult health outcomes. Specifically, measures of high-risk beha...
Die Nützlichkeit der philologischen Untersuchung. Zum Überarbeitungsprozess von Marieluise Fleißers Fegefeuer in Ingolstadt

Programme halt die Dichterin Marieluise Fleiser fur unkunstlerisch, so hat sie ihre Poetik nie schriftlich organisch fixiert. Da sie 1973 auf den Begriff „Programm“ zuruckgreift, muss man zuerst erklaren, was sie damit meint. Sie stellt sich jenem Theatermodell gegenuber, das die Auffuhrung als eine Reihe von Anweisungen zur Rezeption versteht, und sie verneint die „Entwicklungsdramaturgie, die ein Ziel hat“ (MFA VI, 1b), weil sie durch das Drama keine apriorische Lehre mitteln will. Da der Brennpunkt ihres Theaters der Mensch und seine Verhaltensweisen im alltaglichen, gesellschaftlichen Leben ist, gilt die Naturtreue als erster Reiz, der spater durch die „synthetische Form des Dramas“ die universal-typischen Elemente der menschlichen Existenz isolieren muss. „Das naive Sehn“ der Autorin, das die Ereignisse als „wesentlich auffallend, erstmalig“ erfasst (Materialien 170), ohne sie in ihrer Einmaligkeit zu kategorisieren, ist deshalb mit jeder Art von Dramaturgie unvereinbar, die eine vom Autor vorgegebene Interpretation der Welt darbietet. Von Programmatik kann bei Marieluise Fleiser nicht die Rede sein. Das aber muss nicht zur Folgerung bringen, ihr Schreiben sei unreflektiert, wie Kassens und Toteberg lapidar festhalten: „Die Geschichten kamen ihr aus dem Dunkeln, sie schrieb intuitiv, unbeeinflust von einer Tradition oder einem literarischen Programm“ (17). Wenn so eine Bestatigung stimmte, dann konnte man die intensive Arbeit der Dramatikerin an ihrem Werk nicht erfassen. Man soll diesbezuglich nicht vergessen, dass drei vollkommene Textfassungen von Fegefeuer in Ingolstadt und ebenso viele von Pioniere in Ingolstadt existieren, zu denen zahlreiche Fragmente, Entwurfe, Korrekturen, Notizen und Verstandigungstexte im Nachlass hinzukommen.
Surgical data science: The new knowledge domain

Healthcare in general, and surgery/interventional care in particular, is evolving through rapid advances in technology and increasing complexity of care with the goal of maximizing quality and value of care. While innovations in diagnostic and therapeutic technologies have driven past improvements in quality of surgical care, future transformation in care will be enabled by data. Conventional methodologies, such as registry studies, are limited in their scope for discovery and research, extent and complexity of data, breadth of analytic techniques, and translation or integration of research findings into patient care. We foresee the emergence of Surgical/Interventional Data Science (SDS) as a key element to addressing these limitations and creating a sustainable path toward evidence-based improvement of interventional healthcare pathways. SDS will create tools to measure, model and quantify the pathways or processes within the context of patient health states or outcomes, and use information gained to inform healthcare decisions, guidelines, best practices, policy, and training, thereby improving the safety and quality of healthcare and its value. Data is pervasive throughout the surgical care pathway; thus, SDS can impact various aspects of care including prevention, diagnosis, intervention, or post-operative recovery. Existing literature already provides preliminary results suggesting how a data science approach to surgical decision-making could more accurately predict severe complications using complex data from pre-, intra-, and post-operative contexts, how it could support intra-operative decision-making using both existing knowledge and continuous data streams throughout the surgical care pathway, and how it could enable effective collaboration between human care providers and intelligent technologies. In addition, SDS is poised to play a central role in surgical education, for example, through objective assessments, automated virtual coaching, and robot-assisted active learning of surgical skill. However, the potential for transforming surgical care and training through SDS may only be realized through a cultural shift that not only institutionalizes technology to seamlessly capture data but also assimilates individuals with expertise in data science into clinical research teams. Furthermore, collaboration with industry partners from the inception of the discovery process promotes optimal design of data products as well as their efficient translation and commercialization. As surgery continues to evolve through advances in technology that enhance delivery of care, SDS represents a new knowledge domain to engineer surgical care of the future.
Debye ring diffraction elucidation of 2D photonic crystal self-assembly and ordering at the air–water interface

We fabricate 2D photonic crystals (2DPC) by spreading a dispersion of charged colloidal particles (diameters = 409, 570, and 915 nm) onto the surface of electrolyte solutions using a needle tip flow method. When the interparticle electrostatic interaction potential is large, particles self-assemble into highly ordered hexagonal close packed (hcp) monolayers. Ordered 2DPC efficiently forward diffract monochromatic light to produce a Debye ring on a screen parallel to the 2DPC. The diameter of the Debye ring is inversely proportional to the 2DPC particle spacing, while the Debye ring brightness and thickness depends on the 2DPC ordering. The Debye ring thickness increases as the 2DPC order decreases. The Debye ring ordering measurements of 2DPC attached to glass slides track measurements of the 2D pair correlation function order parameter calculated from SEM micrographs. The Debye ring method was used to investigate the 2DPC particle spacing, and ordering at the air–solution interface of NaCl solutions, and for 2DPC arrays attached to glass slides. Surprisingly, the 2DPC ordering does not monotonically decrease as the salt concentration increases. This is because of chloride ion adsorption onto the anionic particle surfaces. This adsorption increases the particle surface charge and compensates for the decreased Debye length of the electric double layer when the NaCl concentration is below a critical value.