cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increased oxidative stress and cytotoxicity by hydrogen sulfide in HepG2 cells overexpressing cytochrome P450 2E1

The main objectives of this work were to evaluate the effects of hydrogen sulfide on oxidative stress and cytotoxicity parameters in HepG2 cells and to assess the extent to which cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activity modulates the effects of hydrogen sulfide on oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) caused time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in both non-P450-expressing HepG2 cells (C34 cells) and CYP2E1-overexpressing HepG2 cells (E47 cells); however, NaHS-dependent cytotoxicity was higher in E47 than C34 cells. Cytotoxicity by NaHS in C34 and E47 cells was mainly necrotic in nature and associated with an early decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. NaHS caused increased oxidation of lipophilic (C11-BODIPY(581/591)) and hydrophilic (DCFH-DA) probes only in E47 cells, at a time point prior to overt cytotoxicity. Trolox, an amphipathic antioxidant, partially inhibited both the cytotoxicity and the increased oxidative stress detected in E47 cells exposed to NaHS. Cell-permeable iron chelators and CYP2E1 inhibitors significantly inhibited the oxidation of C11-BODIPY(581/591) in E47 cells in the presence of NaHS. NaHS produced lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity in E47 cells supplemented with a representative polyunsaturated fatty acid (docosahexaenoic acid) but not in C34 cells; these effects were inhibited by α-tocopherol, a lipophilic antioxidant. These data suggest that CYP2E1 enhances H(2)S-dependent cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells through the generation of iron-dependent oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.
Robust discovering and tracking in challenging environments

While wireless sensor network aided robots lend humans a hand in accessing to certain difficult and/or otherwise unreachable areas, the robots may face challenges in locomotion, object discovering, searching and tracking among many demanding tasks. The unreliable wireless communication and possible components failures of wireless sensor nodes coupling with the noises in the uncertain environments further complicate the situation. To address this issue, we develop a robustified estimation scheme that's capable of online rectifying outliers and detecting anomalies including sensor faults. By integrating a recursive variant of the M-estimator into the Kalman filter via an recursively reweighted least squares implementation, it robustifies the Kalman filter's performance upon outliers without scarifying the optimality of the latter. Moreover, we employ a General Likelihood Ratio (GLR) test to further fine tune the detection of changes in the environment and wireless sensor nodes, where the false alarm constraint is achieved through Monte Carlo simulation. The effectiveness of the idea is illustrated through experiments and synthetic data at the current stage.
A case of pediatric cecal diverticulitis mimicking acute appendicitis

Dear Editor: Cecal diverticulitis is a rare disorder and is difficult to diagnose preoperatively, given its mimicry of the muchmore prevalent acute appendicitis. Even when preoperative testing and imaging are ambiguous for appendicitis, surgeons have a high propensity to operate given a clinical presentation suggestive of acute appendicitis, taking into account the rarity of cecal diverticulitis. We present a case of cecal diverticulitis diagnosed preoperatively as perforated appendicitis and a review of the literature in regards to the pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of this interesting condition.
Thresher: precise refutations for heap reachability

We present a precise, path-sensitive static analysis for reasoning about heap reachability, that is, whether an object can be reached from another variable or object via pointer dereferences. Precise reachability information is useful for a number of clients, including static detection of a class of Android memory leaks. For this client, we found the heap reachability information computed by a state-of-the-art points-to analysis was too imprecise, leading to numerous false-positive leak reports. Our analysis combines a symbolic execution capable of path-sensitivity and strong updates with abstract heap information computed by an initial flow-insensitive points-to analysis. This novel mixed representation allows us to achieve both precision and scalability by leveraging the pre-computed points-to facts to guide execution and prune infeasible paths. We have evaluated our techniques in the Thresher tool, which we used to find several developer-confirmed leaks in Android applications.
Interaction of carrageenan and other hydrocolloids with alkaloids. II. Equilibrium dialysis studies.

The extent of binding of the alkaloids, quinine hydrochloride, hyoscyamine hydrochloride, caffeine, and theophylline by the hydrocolloids carrageenan, furcellaran, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, gum tragacanth, sodium alginate, pectin, locust bean gum, and gum acacia was studied. Data were obtained employing varying pH levels of the reaction system and temperatures of 4, 27, and 37°. A Langmuir-type plot of the data to obtain the limiting binding capacity of the hydrocolloids at infinitely high concentrations of the alkaloids, indicates that quinine hydrochloride was bound to the greatest extent by most of the hydrocolloids used. The order of binding was as follows: carrageenan > sodium carboxymethylcellulose > furcellaran > sodium alginate. Locust bean gum, pectin, gum tragacanth, and gum acacia bound this alkaloid considerably less. Approximately the same trend was exhibited with hyoscyamine hydrochloride, whereas caffeine and theophylline were bound to a much smaller, but nonetheless significant, extent than the other alkaloids tested.
Physician counseling about safe vehicle travel for children

Problem: Despite gains in child restraint use, many children still do not travel safely in cars. Physicians play a potentially important role in educating parents about appropriate travel practices and influencing their behavior, although the evidence concerning how well they accomplish this is mixed. Method: Telephone interviews were conducted with about 1,500 higher- and lower-income Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic primary caregivers. Results: The majority of respondents (62%) said their physicians had never talked to them "about transporting your child safely in a car." A higher proportion of pediatricians compared with other physicians provided such information, although less than half did so. More higher-income Caucasians reported such communications, primarily because more of their children went to see pediatricians, and pediatricians more often provided injury-prevention counseling. Eighty percent of the respondents said their physicians had never spoken to them about the dangers that deploying airbags can pose to children in the front seats of vehicles. Respondents reported that their physicians were more likely to have discussed poisoning, burns, and fall prevention than car travel safety. Discussion: Barriers to car travel safety communications by physicians, and how these barriers can be overcome, need to be examined. Impact on Industry: Motor vehicles are the leading cause of death among children. Physicians, who have high credibility with their patients, need to do a better job of communicating to parents appropriate practices for transporting children safely in motor vehicles.
Decomposition of disilane-separation of silane/disilane mixtures by gas phase chromatography

Abstract Gas phase chromatography has been used to analyse and separate mixtures of silane and disilane. Chromatographically pure disline decomposes at a slower rate thanimpure disilane.
A plastohydrodynamic inlet zone analysis for a visco-plastic lubricant

Abstract The relation between the pressure gradient and backflow for a lubricant which is Newtonian up to some critical shear stress and thereafter behaves plastically is derived. This model is then used to determine the lubricant film thickness which will be entrained in metal drawing and rolling operations.
IgA Nephropathy in children and adults: comparison of histologic features and clinical outcomes

Background. While some studies have reported that IgA nephropathy has a relatively benign clinical course in children, others have shown that renal outcomes of paediatric patients with IgA nephropathy followed into adulthood are similar to those of patients diagnosed as adults. Some of this variability may be related to differences in histologic severity of cohorts of patients diagnosed as children versus adults. Methods. We retrospectively examined correlations between renal biopsy findings, clinical features at presentation and renal survival in 99 children and adolescents (≤17 years old) with IgA nephropathy and compared these findings to those of 125 adults with IgA nephropathy. Results. Compared with adults, paediatric patients were more likely to have minimal histologic lesions (24% versus 14%) and less likely to have advanced chronic lesions (3% versus 17%). Similar fractions of paediatric and adult patients showed focal and diffuse glomerulonephritis (GN), respectively. Among these latter two groups, renal survival was significantly better in patients diagnosed as children than as adults by univariate and multivariate analyses. By multivariate analysis, other significant, independent predictors of renal survival were estimated percent interstitial fibrosis and histologic grade (diffuse versus focal GN). Conclusions. In patients with proliferative IgA nephropathy, the clinical course is more likely to be benign when the disease is diagnosed in childhood versus adulthood. This difference can be accounted for only in part by more advanced disease at the time of biopsy in adults.
Party Competition under Private and Public Financing: A Comparison of Institutions

We propose a theory of party competition (two parties, single-issue) where citizens acquire party membership by contributing money to a party, and where a member’s influence on the policy taken by her party is proportional to her campaign contribution. The polity consists of informed and uninformed voters: only informed voters join parties, and the party campaign chest, the sum of its received contributions, is used to reach uninformed voters through advertising. A party is a cooperative organization of its members. Parties compete with each other strategically with respect to policy choice and advertising. We propose a definition of political equilibrium, in which party membership, citizen contributions, and parties’ policies are simultaneously determined, for each of four financing institutions, running the gamut between a purely private, unconstrained system, to a public system in which all citizens have equal financial input. Equilibria under these institutions are computed by simulation for an example. The representation and welfare properties of these four institutions are compared from these simulations.
Cooperation-based Clustering for Profit-maximizing Organizational Design

This paper shows how the notion of value of cooperation, a measure of the percentage of a firm's profits due strictly to the cooperative effects among the goods it sells, can be used to analyze the relative economic advantage afforded by various organizational structures. The value of cooperation is computed from transactions data by solving a regression problem to fit the parameters of the consumer demand function, and then simulating the resulting profit-maximizing dynamic system under various organizational structures. A hierarchical agglomerative clustering algorithm can be applied to reveal the optimal organizational substructure.
Loss of Heterozygosity Patterns of Sclerosing Hemangioma of the Lung and Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma Indicate a Similar Molecular Pathogenesis

Abstract Context.—The histogenesis and origin of sclerosing hemangioma (SH) of lung were uncertain for many years. Many immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and recent molecular studies support the hypothesis that SH is a neoplasm originating from the cells of the terminal lobular unit, similar to the nonmucinous variant of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC). Most cases of SH are benign, but they can metastasize to the regional lymph nodes. Objective.—To compare the patterns of allelic loss of tumor suppressor genes in SH and BAC by microdissection-based genotypic analysis. Design.—Microdissection-based loss of heterozygosity analysis of 9 cases of SH and 14 cases of BAC, using a panel of 7 polymorphic microsatellite markers located on 1p, 5q, 9p, 10q, and 17p. Microsatellite marker and chromosomal arm–based fractional allelic loss (FAL) were calculated in each case. Results.—Our results showed similar patterns of allelic loss between the 2 groups of tumors on an individual case basis. Chromosomal arms 5...
Steroid A-Ring Reduction by Rat Ovaries1

Ovaries from rats stimulated with PMS formed 5α-pregnane-3α,20α-diol(allopregnanediol) as the major product when incubated with 14C-progesterone. When endogenous steroid formation was measured in ovary slices, from glands in the follicular stage, allopregnanediol was synthesized in greater amounts than progesterone or 20α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3- one (20α-OH-P). LH added to the medium stimulated the synthesis of all 3 compounds. One day after priming with PMS+HCG, allopregnanediol was still present in greater amounts than progesterone; however, 10 days after HCG, slices from the luteinized ovaries synthesized primarily progesterone and 20α-OH-P and very little allopregnanediol. Testosterone wasalso found to be reduced in the A-ring, yielding 5aandrostane-3α,17β-diol as the main product. Using this conversion to measure the relative activity of A-ring reduction, we found that homogenates of ovaries in the follicular phase contained high activity, while those that had been luteinized with HCG or by inductionof ...
Seven League Boots: A New Metaphor for Augmented Locomotion through Moderately Large Scale Immersive Virtual Environments

When an immersive virtual environment represents a space that is larger than the available space within which a user can travel by directly walking, it becomes necessary to consider alternative methods for traveling through that space. The traditional solution is to require the user to travel 'indirectly', using a device that changes his viewpoint in the environment without actually requiring him to move - for example, a joystick. However, other solutions involving variations on direct walking are also possible. In this paper, we present a new metaphor for natural, augmented direct locomotion through moderately large-scale immersive virtual environments (IVEs) presented via head mounted display systems, which we call seven league boots. The key characteristic of this method is that it involves determining a user's intended direction of travel and then augmenting only the component of his or her motion that is aligned with that direction. After reviewing previously proposed methods for enabling intuitive locomotion through large IVEs, we begin by describing the technical implementation details of our novel method, discussing the various alternative options that we explored and parameters that we varied in an attempt to attain optimal performance. We then present the results of a pilot observer experiment that we conducted in an attempt to obtain objective, qualitative insight into the relative strengths and weaknesses of our new method, in comparison to the three most commonly used alternative locomotion methods: flying, via use of a wand; normal walking, with a uniform gain applied to the output of the tracker; and normal walking without gain, but with the location and orientation of the larger virtual environment periodically adjusted relative to position of the participant in the real environment. In this study we found, among other things, that for travel down a long, straight virtual hallway, participants overwhelmingly preferred the seven league boots method to the other methods, overall
Multiple Target Effects on Monopulse Signal Processing

Analysis of a typical amplitude-comparison monopulse angle-tracking radar shows that gain variation and bias in the radar error signal can occur under certain conditions involving multiple targets. The general behavior depends on the Doppler separation of the targets relative to system bandwidths; for a specific situation, the gain variation and bias are functions of the relative strengths of the targs. The analysis is shown to be consistent with experimental observations.
Contribution of a salt bridge to binding affinity and dUMP orientation to catalytic rate: mutation of a substrate-binding arginine in thymidylate synthase

Invariant arginine 179, one of four arginines that are conserved in all thymidylate synthases (TS) and that bind the phosphate moiety of the substrate 2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (dUMP), can be altered even to a negatively charged glutamic acid with little effect on kcat. In the mutant structures, ordered water or the other phosphate-binding arginines compensate for the hydrogen bonds made by Arg179 in the wild-type enzyme and there is almost no change in the conformation or binding site of dUMP. Correlation of dUMP Kds for TS R179A and TS R179K with the structures of their binary complexes shows, that the positive charge on Arg179 contributes significantly to dUMP binding affinity. kcat/K(m) for dUMP measures the rate of dUMP binding to TS during the ordered bi-substrate reaction, and in the ternary complex dUMP provides a binding surface for the cofactor. kcat/K(m) reflects the ability of the enzyme to accept a properly oriented dUMP for catalysis and is less sensitive than is Kd to the changes in electrostatics at the phosphate binding site.
Kilometric Type III Radio Bursts, Electron Beams, and Interplanetary Density Structures

We briefly review kilometric type III radio bursts and what their physical characteristics reveal about the propagation and characteristics of suprathermal electron beams and about density structures in interplanetary medium.
Computation of Air Flow in CMU’s Intelligent Workplace and Its Effect on Occupant Health and Comfort

In this paper, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is utilized to investigate thermal comfort and energy efficiency of an office in the Intelligent Workplace (IW) of Carnegie Mellon University. First, a comprehensive geometric grid model is constructed to represent the office including the walls, floor, roof, windows, doors, fan coil units, and furnishings. Then the air flow and accompanying heat exchange with the bounding surfaces of the office are calculated based on indoor and outdoor ambient conditions, the operating conditions of the fan coil units and windows, and the occupancy of the space. The computational results of the air flow provide the means to measure whether comfort conditions have been established based on the outside conditions and on the operation of the fan coil units. The operating conditions of the fan coil units, fan speed, and chilled/heated water flow, determine their effectiveness in cooling/heating and their operating costs. This CFD air flow simulation, therefore, when generalized, provides a design support system for architects and engineers. The numerical solutions of office space are calibrated and validated by empirical operational data from the fan coil units. The design support system will enable the evaluation of the annual performance and operating cost of given fan coil units in a given building space.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
QUR'ANIC COMMENTARY, PUBLIC SPACE, AND RELIGIOUS INTERLLECTUALS IN THE WRITINGS OF SAID NURSI

Le present article examine les commentaires du Coran de Said Nursi. Ses idees et son style de presentation ont evolue de maniere significative tout au long de sa vie et ont atteint des publics tres divers, meme apres sa mort. Une etude de ses idees suggere aussi des notions changeantes de l'espace public de Turquie. L'A. revele d'abord une societe plus ouverte au debat sur les valeurs et responsabilites civiques et religieuses et sur le role des intellectuels religieux dans les societes modernes. Puis il expose son point de vue sur la question de l'«articulation», et pour finir, sur l'education et l'autorite.
Fetal hypothalamic transplants into brain irradiated rats: Graft morphometry and host behavioral responses☆

Abstract This study was designed to test the hypothesis that neural implants can ameliorate or prevent some of the longterm changes associated with CNS irradiation. Using a rat model, the initial study focused on establishing motor, regulatory, and morphological changes associated with brain radiation treatments. Secondly, fetal hypothalamic tissue grafts were placed into the third ventricle of rats which had been previously irradiated. Adult male Long Evans rats received one of three radiation doses (15, 22.5, & 30 Gy) or no radiation. Three days after irradiation, 7 animals in each dose group received an embryonic day 17 hypothalamic graft into the third ventricle while the remaining 8–9 animals in each group received injections of vehicle solution (sham). Few changes were observed in the 15 and 22.5 Gy animals, however rats in the 30 Gy treatment group showed stereotypic and ambulatory behavioral hyperactivity 32 weeks after irradiation. Regulatory changes in the high dose group included decreased growth rate and decreased urine osmolalities, but these measures were extremely variable among animals. Morphological results demonstrated that 30 Gy irradiated animals showed extensive necrosis primarily in the fimbria, which extended into the internal capsule, optic nerve, hippocampus, and thalamus. Hemorrhages were found in the hippocampus, thalamus, and fimbria. Defects in the blood brain barrier also were evident by entry of intravascularly injected horseradish peroxidase into the parenchyma of the brain. Animals in the 30 Gy grafted group showed fewer behavioral changes and less brain damage than their sham grafted counterparts. Specifically, activity measures were comparable to normal levels, and a dilute urine was not found in the 30 Gy implanted rats. Morphological changes support these behavioral results since only two 30 Gy implanted rats showed necrosis in the fimbria, internal capsule, and other areas of the brain. These results suggest that grafts of fetal neural tissue exert a beneficial influence on the host brain, although the mechanism by which the implant exerts its effect is still unknown. Evidence supporting the role of trophic factors is reviewed. These preliminary results suggest a potential for tissue grafts in the treatment of CNS irradiated patients.
Predictors of Academic Procrastination in College Students

In a sample of college students (38 men and 66 women) academic procrastination was predicted by concerns about negative evaluation, low personal standards for achievement, beliefs that outcomes are...
Interaction of Age and Thyroid Hormone Status on Na K + ATPase in Rat Renal Cortex and Liver*

Na+–K+ ATPase was measured in euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid rats aged 6 weeks, 6 months, and 20–24 months. There was a small but significant decline in basal enzyme activity with increasing age in renal cortical tissue. Enzyme activity decreased with hypothyroidism and increased with hyperthyroidism. With increasing age, both the magnitude of the increase resulting from thyrotoxicosis and the absolute enzyme level were significantly less with each increase in the age of the experimental animals. Hypothyroid animals displayed no age-related decline in renal cortical Na+–K+ ATPase. The decline in Na+–K+ ATPase in renal cortical tissue is thyroid hormone dependent. In addition, age modifies the response of Na+–+ ATPase to thyroid hormone.
Evaluation of Tropical Intraseasonal Variability and Moist Processes in the NOGAPS Analysis and Short-Term Forecasts

AbstractNavy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) analysis and operational forecasts are evaluated against the Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim; ERAI) and satellite data, and compared with the Global Forecast System (GFS) analysis and forecasts, using both performance- and physics-based metrics. The NOGAPS analysis captures realistic Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) signals in the dynamic fields and the low-level premoistening leading to active convection, but the MJO signals in the relative humidity (RH) and diabatic heating rate (Q1) fields are weaker than those in the ERAI or the GFS analysis. The NOGAPS forecasts, similar to the GFS forecasts, have relatively low prediction skill for the MJO when the MJO initiates over the Indian Ocean and when active convection is over the Maritime Continent. The NOGAPS short-term precipitation forecasts are broadly consistent with the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) morphing technique (CMORPH) precipitation results with regionally quantitat...
Youth Arrested for Trading Sex Have the Highest Rates of Childhood Adversity: A Statewide Study of Juvenile Offenders:

A history of childhood adversity is associated with high-risk behaviors and criminal activity in both adolescents and adults. Furthermore, individuals with histories of child maltreatment are at higher risk for engaging in risky sexual behavior, experiencing re-victimization, and in some cases, becoming sexual offenders. The purpose of the current study was to examine the prevalence of individual and cumulative adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) reported by 102 offending youth who were arrested for trading sex and 64,227 offending youth who were arrested for various other crimes, using Florida's Positive Achievement Change Tool. Youth with violations related to sex trafficking had higher rates for each ACE as well as number of ACEs, particularly sexual abuse and physical neglect. These findings have implications for identifying adverse experiences in both maltreated and offending youth as well as tailoring services to prevent re-victimization.
Analysis of Farmers' Preferences for Development Intervention Programs: A Case Study of Subsistence Farmers from East Ethiopian Highlands

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to better understand farmers' perception of the relevance of different development intervention programs. Farmers' subjective ranking of agricultural problems and their preference for development intervention are elicited using a stated preference method. The factors influencing these preferences are determined using a random utility model. The study is based on a survey conducted in the Hunde-Lafto area of the East Ethiopian Highlands. Individual interviews were conducted with 145 randomly selected farm households using semi-structured questionnaires. The study suggests that drought, soil erosion and shortage of cultivable land are high priority agricultural production problems for farmers. Low market prices for farm products and high prices of purchased inputs also came out as major problems for the majority of farmers. Farmers' preferences for development intervention fall into four major categories: market, irrigation, resettlement, and soil and water conservation. Multinomial logit analysis of the factors influencing these preferences revealed that farmer's specific socio-economic circumstances and subjective ranking of agricultural problems play a major role. It is also shown that preferences for some interventions are complementary and need to be addressed simultaneously. Recognition and understanding of these factors, affecting the acceptability of development policies for micro level implementation, will have a significant contribution to improve macro level policy formulation.
The Ethics of Dust: Carthago Nova

The Ethics of Dust is a series of artworks resulting from the careful transfer of pollution from monuments onto latex casts. The works are not just artistic expressions of pollution, but also scien...
Screening and Phenotypic Diversity of Amylase Producing Rhizospheric Bacteria from Some North African Plants

Abstract Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) are gaining interest because of their positive effect on plant growth and defense. Among these effects some enzymes secreted by PGPR are used by the plant in nutrient uptake and in biocontrol. The aim of this work is to isolate amylase producing bacteria from some North African plants rhizospheres. Amylases are starch degrading enzymes and can play a role in plant growth promoting by degrading organic matter in soil (starch). Total rhizospheric bacterial diversity was screened and Ceratonia ciliqua and Agrania spinosa showed the best results. Also, Caratonia ciliqua and Ficus carica isolates gave the best amylase production. Finally, crude amylase produced by Argania spinosa and Pistacia lentiscus had the best activities.
Challenges and Opportunities: Resocialization as a Framework for Global Citizenship Education

Despite its conceptual and terminological vagueness, global citizenship is gradually acknowledged as one of the systemic models of citizenship. However, educators are still in search of curricular frameworks and methodological practices that adequately apply to global citizenship education. Resocialization framework can serve as both theoretical and applied tools in global citizenship education: if we all are already global citizens by the virtue of birth, by our existential status, then the task of global citizenship education is to challenge traditional nation-oriented citizenship models and to resocialize children by making them aware of their global citizen status. This educational framework is based on the principle that resociolization does not lead to a rejection of previous practices and established values, rather it offers a balance to the socialization experience and expands the boundaries of individual rights, freedoms, and responsibilities. This chapter describes major points of global citizenship debates in education and introduces three principal theories that support resocialization framework of global citizenship education. The chapter concludes that resocialization is not a panacea in teaching global citizenship but one of many possible frameworks that schools and individual teachers can utilize in their practices.
Adherence to Dietary Indexes by Diabetes and Hypertension Status among PLCO Cancer Screening Trial Participants

Background: A healthy diet is an effective strategy for glycemia and blood pressure control with adherence key to its success. Optimal nutrient intake can be measured via dietary patterns. We quantified adherence to several dietary indices among individuals with diabetes (DM) and/or hypertension (HTN) and compared it with controls in the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial. Methods: Participants in PLCO who filled out a baseline food-frequency questionnaire, with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), DM, and HTN status recorded were selected for analysis. Indices for Healthy Eating 2005 (HEI), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and the Mediterranean (MEDI) diets were calculated. Adherence to each item was given a point with maximum total possible scores of 7, 9, and 10, respectively. Quartiles of scores for each index were calculated and used to create 4 ordered categories. Their association with DM and/or HTN controlling for differing covariates across exposures was evaluated using logistic regression. Results: 60,408 adults 55–74 y of age provided baseline data. Age, sex, and BMI differed across exposure groups. Participants with DM independently of HTN were twice more likely than controls to high adherence to the HEI diet, and 1.3–1.5 times to the DASH and MEDI diets (all p-v <0.001) (Figure 1). Highest adherence among diabetics was to vegetable, grains, and meat portions in HEI and DASH, and sugar in HEI. They were slightly less compliant with fat rations. Hypertensive adults did not differ in adherence to controls, not even in salt consumption as per DASH. Regular physical activity and female sex was predictive of high adherence. Conclusions: Management of DM in mature and older adults via diet is feasible in about 34% highly adherent to the HEI 2005 diet. A similar level will only be achieved by 20% of those with HTN. Exercising regularly identifies those likely to adhere. Figure 1
Effect of dibenamine on renal function.

Summary1. Six weekly intravenous injections of Dibenamine (20 mg/kg) failed to produce any detectable renal damage as measured by creatinine and PAH clearances in 5 trained, unanesthetized female dogs, even when the entire dose was injected within one minute so as to produce maximum toxic side-effects including prostration for 24 to 48 hours.2. During maximal sympathetic blockade by Dibenamine, renal plasma flow was reduced, 10 to 34% (average 21%), probably on the basis of reduced systemic arterial pressure. However, the filtration fraction was sufficiently elevated to provide unaltered glomerular filtration. These alterations never persisted beyond the period of active adrenergic blockade.3. We have been completely unable to substantiate the observations of Ogden7 on the renal toxicity of Dibenamine or to find any renal bask for his warning regarding its use. Even large doses of Dibenamine administered very rapidly appear to have no significant reno-toxic action.
Survey of State Civil Shoplifting Statutes

This book chapter contains a detailed survey of state laws pertaining to civil shoplifting statutes. Civil shoplifting statutes provide merchants a special cause of action for recovery against an alleged shoplifter. The statutes operate independently and in addition to any criminal sanctions imposed. Many states permit merchants to charge "civil penalties" in amounts far exceeding the value of the item taken. This chapter highlights the commonalities and distinctions among state statutes, and identifies pertinent themes and anomalies. Particularly, this chapter compares state civil shoplifting laws in the areas of actual damages recoverable, additional penalties allowed, attorney's fees, the relevance of a demand letter, and what effect a conviction has on a merchant's right to seek civil recovery under the statute.
Epidemiological Analysis of Viral Hepatitis in Jingyan County During 1988-2008

Objective To grasp the epidemic characteristics,and epidemic factors of viral hepatitis in Jingyan County during 1988-2008.Method The incidence data of viral hepatitis were analysed by descriptive epidemiology.Results During 1988-2008,9553 cases of viral hepatitis were reported,with an average annual incidence of 110.69 / 105(25.11/105-255.03/105).Most of the cases were sporadic ones.The number of cases reached the peak in March to August every year.Farmers,students,workers are more vulnerable,the total incidence arrived 82.70%.The cases were emerged in each age group,but concentrated in 10-30 years age-group.Cases in men were more than in women,and male∶female was 1.57∶1.Conclusion The results showed that the strategy for controlling children in 10 years age-group was successful.It is necessary to strengthen the vaccine immunization,especially to further strengthen immunization for the young and middle-aged population in rural areas.Besides,surveillance on hepatitis,popularization of health education on hepalitis prevention are also neccessary.
Role of heart rate in the relation between regional body fat and subendocardial viability ratio in women.

Subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) is a measure of left ventricular function, specifically; it is an index of myocardial perfusion relative to left ventricular workload. Women have lower SEVR than men, partly due to a faster resting heart rate that reduces diastolic time (i.e., time for myocardial perfusion). It is unclear if body fat relates to SEVR, thus the purpose of this study was to examine the relation between body fat and SEVR in women. Twenty-eight middle-aged (31-45 years) and 31 older (60-80 years) women were examined. Radial artery applanation tonometry was used to calculate SEVR from a synthesized central aortic pressure wave. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess body composition including fat in the trunk, legs, android and gynoid regions. Body fat was not related (P>.05) with SEVR in older women. In middle-aged women, all measures of regional fat were correlated with heart rate (range, r=.49-.59, P≤.01) and SEVR (range, r=.43-.53, P≤.01). Android-to-gynoid ratio was identified as the strongest predictor (r(2) =-.26, P<.01) of SEVR among measures of regional fat. Middle-aged women with lower android-to-gynoid fat ratio had higher SEVR (1.96±0.33 vs 1.66±0.20, P=.009) than women with higher fat ratio, even after adjusting for age, height, daily physical activity, and aortic mean pressure (P=.02). Adjusting for heart rate or diastolic time abolished the difference in SEVR between groups (1.80±0.09 vs 1.82±0.09, P=.56). These results suggest that middle-aged women with a greater distribution of fat in the abdomen have poorer left ventricular function that is dependent on the negative influence of heart rate on diastolic time.
Hemodynamics of Pelvic Nerve Induced Erection in a Canine Model. II. Cavernosal Inflow and Occlusion

Abstract Using a previously developed canine model of erection, we measured pudendal artery and venous flow as well as pressure in the corpora cavernosa, pudendal artery and vein. Penile erection was induced by pelvic nerve stimulation. Generalized arterial vasodilatation was dependent on stimulation frequency and occurred most prominently at stimulation frequencies of approximately 16 Hz. Cavernosal smooth muscle relaxation was also frequency dependent in a similar manner. In contrast, using a technique of delayed arterial inflow, we demonstrated that helicine artery relaxation was very sensitive to stimulation frequency and occurred only at a stimulation frequency of approximately 16 Hz. The mechanism of corporal occlusion is primarily dependent on nerve-induced relaxation of the cavernosal smooth muscle. The frequency-dependent nature of pelvic nerve induced erection is primarily due to the frequency dependence of the cavernosal resistance vessels that control arterial inflow to the cavernosal spaces.
The 1958–59 Crisis Over Berlin: Putting the Consultative Machinery In Place

In December 1958, with tensions on the rise between the US and the USSR over Berlin, Dulles flew to Paris to attend the annual meeting of the NAC. While in Paris, he discussed with Norstad the possibility that Norstad should take certain “tightening up” actions that would not be lost on the Soviets.2 The source of tension arose from Chairman Khrushchev’s pronouncement of November 10, 1958 that he intended to sign a peace treaty “at an early date” with the German Democratic Republic (GDR), thus in his view terminating the Allies’ wartime rights in West Berlin. The official Soviet Note said: “the government of the USSR hereby notifies the United States Government that the Soviet Union regards as null and void the ‘Protocol of the Agreement between the Governments of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United States of America, and the United Kingdom on the zones of occupation in Germany and on the administration of Greater Berlin,’ of September 12, 1944, and the related supplementary agreements, including the agreements on the control machinery in Germany, concluded between the governments of the USSR, the USA, Great Britain, and France on May 1, 1945, i.e., the agreements that were intended to be in effect during the first years after the capitulation of Germany.”3
Abstract 1866: HER3 targeting sensitizes HNSCC to cetuximab - evidence from cell line and patient derived xenograft (PDX) models

Background and Objectives: Our previous study demonstrated that a combination of EGFR-targeted antibody cetuximab and HER3-specific antibody MM121 could significantly inhibit growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) as compared with either of the single drugs. The current study aims to understand the role of HER3 in cetuximab resistance and the anti-tumor mechanisms of dual targeting of EGFR/HER3 in HNSCC. Materials and Methods: A cetuximab resistant HNSCC cell line SCC1-C, its parental cell line SCC1-P, and a HER3 knockdown counterpart SCC1-C/H were treated with cetuximab, MM121 and their combination. SRB and colony formation assays were performed to investigate the combined effect of MM121 and cetuximab on cancer cell growth. Activations of EGFR, HER2, HER3, AKT, and ERK signaling pathways were evaluated by Western blotting. The SCC1-C xenograft animal model and PDX models from 6 patients with HNSCC were utilized to determine the combined efficacy of MM121 and cetuximab. Results: Cetuximab induced HER3 activation and HER2/HER3 dimerization in HNSCC cell lines. The combined treatment blocked both EGFR and HER3 activation and inhibited both PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathways as well as HNSCC cell growth more effectively compared to either single antibody treatment in vitro. Furthermore, knock down of HER3 re-sensitized the resistant cell line to cetuximab. The anti-HER3/EGFR combination also demonstrated better efficacy than either single agent antibody in the cetuximab resistant HNSCC xenograft model and the PDX animal models. In PDX models from patients 1-4, both cetuximab and the combination significantly inhibited tumor growth in nude mice compare to the control (p Citation Format: Dongsheng Wang, Guoqing Qian, hongzheng zhang, kelly R. Magliocca, sreenivas nannapaneni, zhengjia chen, mihir R. patel, Mark W. El-Deiry, J.trad Wadsworth, dong M. Shin, fadlo R. khuri, Nabil F. Saba, Zhuo G. chen. HER3 targeting sensitizes HNSCC to cetuximab - evidence from cell line and patient derived xenograft (PDX) models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1866.
Generalized Adjoint Sensitivities of the Coupled Frequency Domain Fluorescence Diffusion Equations

The adjoint sensitivity method is applied to the coupled partial differential equations approximating complex fluence in fluorescing system. General equations are derived for Jacobian sensitivity matrices of complex fluence, at both excitation and emission wavelengths, with respect to arbitrary optical parameters. Finite element implementations of these equations are found to be computationally efficient and accurate.
A clinically relevant model of prenatal inflammation (intrauterine lipopolysaccharide) results in offspring hyperactivity

Maternal infection during pregnancy is common and can cause adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. While systemic administration of bacterial or viral mimetics are widely used models of prenatal inflammation, an alternative approach is local inflammation of the uterus, which models chorioamnionitis (inflammation of the fetal membranes). Importantly, this mimics the most common human clinical scenario by which a fetus is exposed to prenatal inflammation. Using CD-1 mice, local inflammation was induced via intrauterine lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion at E15 (term = E19). Behavioral, molecular and immune endpoints were evaluated in adult offspring. Males and females demonstrated hyperactivity, as well as an overall decrease in anxiety-like behavior (open field, elevated zero, light-dark box). Operant testing was initiated to examine executive function, however all mice (regardless of prenatal condition) failed to reach criterion performance, which may be due to reduced visual acuity in the albino CD1 strain. Prenatal LPS exposure increased the number of microglia, quantified by flow cytometric analysis of the whole brain. Expression of 30 genes related to immune, epigenetic and neurotransmitter function was measured, both at baseline and in response to an acute immune challenge, and these analyses are ongoing. These data indicate that local inflammation of the uterus, in the absence of a maternal plasma cytokine response, affects offspring brain development, and support additional work in this translationally relevant model of prenatal inflammation.
Survival, Risk Factors, and Effect of Treatment in 101 Patients With Calciphylaxis.

Abstract Objective To report on the survival and the associations of treatments upon survival of patients with calciphylaxis seen at a single center. Patients and Methods Using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis code of 275.49 and the keyword "calciphylaxis" in the dismissal narrative, we retrospectively identified 101 patients with calciphylaxis seen at our institution between January 1, 1999, through September 20, 2014, using a predefined, consensus-developed classification scheme. Results The average age of patients was 60 years: 81 (80.2%) were women; 68 (68.0%) were obese; 19 (18.8%) had stage 0 to 2 chronic kidney disease (CKD), 19 (18.9%) had stage 3 or 4 CKD; 63 (62.4%) had stage 5 or 5D (dialysis) CKD. Seventy-five patients died during follow-up. Six-month survival was 57%. Lack of surgical debridement was associated with insignificantly lower 6-month survival (hazard ratio [HR]=1.99; 95% CI, 0.96-4.15; P =.07) and significantly poorer survival for the entire duration of follow-up (HR=1.98; 95% CI, 1.15-3.41; P =.01), which was most pronounced in stage 5 or 5D CKD (HR=1.91; 95% CI, 1.03-3.56; P =.04). Among patients with stage 5/5D CKD, subtotal parathyroidectomy (performed only in patients with hyperparathyroidism) was associated with better 6-month (HR=0.12; 95% CI, 0.02-0.90; P =.04) and overall survival (HR= 0.37; 95% CI, 0.15-0.87; P =.02). Conclusion Calciphylaxis is associated with a high mortality rate. Significantly effective treatments included surgical debridement and subtotal parathyroidectomy in patients with stage 5/5D CKD with hyperparathyroidism. Treatments with tissue-plasminogen activator, sodium thiosulfate, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy were not associated with higher mortality.
Holocene paleoenvironmental change in southeastern Africa (Makwe Rockshelter, Zambia): Implications for the spread of pastoralism

Abstract The paleoenvironmental conditions surrounding the origins of pastoralism and the movement of herders from eastern to southern Africa sometime between ∼4000 and 2000 ybp have been much debated. We lack, however, detailed paleoenvironmental data from sites sampling the hunter-to-herder transition in southeastern Africa, the likely corridor from eastern to southern Africa for early pastoralists. Here we report on new paleoenvironmental data from a site in the under-sampled area of eastern Zambia, Makwe Rockshelter, which has two aggregates of archaeological horizons representing the mid-Holocene (∼5700-5000 ybp) and the late Holocene (∼1600-800 ybp). The mid-Holocene sediments at Makwe document a foraging society, whereas the late Holocene sediments include both wild game and domestic livestock. Using stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) of herbivore enamel (n = 107), we show that the shift from mid-Holocene to late Holocene paleoenvironments was characterized by an increase in C4 vegetation. These data are complemented by paleoenvironmental records from Lake Malawi that show that C4 vegetation peaked after ∼2000 ybp and was coincident with the onset of cooler, more arid climates. This combined paleoenvironmental record has implications for the spread of pastoralism across southeastern Africa between ∼3000 and 2000 ybp and potential ‘animal disease barriers’ these early herders may have faced.