cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Standardized training in nurse model travel clinics.

Background. International travel plays a significant role in the emergence and redistribution of major human diseases. The importance of travel medicine clinics for preventing morbidity and mortality has been increasingly appreciated, although few studies have thus far examined the management and staff training strategies that result in successful travel-clinic operations. Here, we describe an example of travel-clinic operation and management coordinated through the University of Utah School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases. This program, which involves eight separate clinics distributed statewide, functions both to provide patient consult and care services, as well as medical provider training and continuing medical education (CME). Methods. Initial training, the use of standardized forms and protocols, routine chart reviews and monthly continuing education meetings are the distinguishing attributes of this program. An Infectious Disease team consisting of one medical doctor (MD) and a physician assistant (PA) act as consultants to travel nurses who comprise the majority of clinic staff. Results. Eight clinics distributed throughout the state of Utah serve approximately 6,000 travelers a year. Pre-travel medical services are provided by 11 nurses, including 10 registered nurses (RNs) and 1 licensed practical nurse (LPN). This trained nursing staff receives continuing travel medical education and participate in the training of new providers. All nurses have completed a full training program and 7 of the 11 (64%) of clinic nursing staff serve more than 10 patients a week. Quality assurance measures show that approximately 0.5% of charts reviewed contain a vaccine or prescription error which require patient notification for correction. Conclusion. Using an initial training program, standardized patient intake forms, vaccine and prescription protocols, preprinted prescriptions, and regular CME, highly trained nurses at travel clinics are able to provide standardized pre-travel care to international travelers originating from Utah.
Predicting membrane flux of CH4 and CF4 mixtures in Faujasite from molecular simulations

The Fickian transport diffusivities of binary mixtures of methane and CF 4 in the zeolite faujasite were investigated as a function of composition and loading. Using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, transport diffusivities of the mixtures were calculated from linear response theory. At low loadings, the diffusive cross terms are an order of magnitude smaller than the diffusive main terms, but at higher loadings they are on the same order of magnitude. The main term diffusivities are weak functions of concentration. The transport diffusivities were fitted as a function of adsorbate concentrations and used in the Fickian flux equations to predict codiffusion, counterdiffusion, and osmotic diffusion through a perfectly crystalline faujasite membrane. The osmotic and counterdiffusion cases show that it is critical to include both the cross term and main term diffusivities to predict the correct behavior. The permeances of methane and CF 4 through the faujasite membrane are reported.
Restoring force and displacement of the pinned spin density wave condensate in (TMTSF)2PF6.

We report NMR spin echo measurements of the average spin density wave condensate displacement at 4.2 K in (TMTSF${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{PF}}_{6}$ when it is driven by an electric field below the depinning threshold over time scales of 10--25 \ensuremath{\mu}s. The displacement, which corresponds to internal deformations, varies linearly as a function of the electric field and has a restoring force constant per electronic charge k=(1.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}9}$ N/m. At the depinning threshold the average condensate displacement is 0.46\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06 \AA{}. The corresponding low frequency dielectric constant is (3.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{9}$, which is close to that obtained from electrical transport measurements.
Prevention of infectious complications in peritoneal dialysis: best demonstrated practices

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) related infections continue to be a serious complication for PD patients. Peritonitis can be associated with pain, hospitalization and catheter loss as well as a risk of death. Peritonitis risk is not evenly spread across the PD population or programs. Very low rates of peritonitis in a program are possible if close attention is paid to the causes of peritonitis and protocols implemented to reduce the risk of infection. Protocols to decrease infection risk in PD patients include proper catheter placement, exit-site care that includes Staphylococcus aureus prophylaxis, careful training of patients with periodic retraining, treatment of contamination, and prevention of procedure-related and fungal peritonitis. Extensive data have been published on the use of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent exit site infections. There are fewer data on training methods of patients to prevent infection risk. Quality improvement programs with continuous monitoring of infections, both of the catheter exit site and peritonitis, are important to decrease the PD related infections in PD programs. Continuous review of every episode of infection to determine the root cause of the event should be routine in PD programs. Further research is needed examining approaches to decrease infection risk.
Phenotypes of UV-sensitive uvrD3, recL152 and uveE15 mutants of escherichia coli

The mutations uvrD3, uvrE156, and recL152 increase UV sensitivity in Escherichia coli and are closely linked. There is a disagreement as to whether uvrD3 and uvrE strains have distinctive phenotypes. Comparison of strains isogenic except for the uvrD3, uvrE156, and recL152 mutations showed that only the uvrD3 mutation greatly decreased the host cell reactivation of phages T1 and lambda vir and the repair of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) damage. Only the uvrE156 mutation increased mutation rates. Excessive DNA degradation following UV-irradiation occurred only in the uvrD3 mutant. MMS-resistant mutants of a uvrD3 strain, resulting from mutations closely linked to uvrD3, were still UV-sensitive and fell into two classes: mutator (UvrE--like) and non-mutator. Spontaneous mutator mutants having the UvrE- phenotype were also found in aged uvrD3 cultures. The uvrD3 mutation in heterogenotes was partially dominant.
An unusual case of giant cardiac fibroelastoma mimicking left atrial myxoma in a patient presenting with syncope.

Cardiac papillary fibroelastomas are the most common primary valvular tumors. Generally benign, they account only for about 10% of all primary cardiac neoplasms, can occur in normal or diseased hearts, and are associated strongly with open heart surgery and radiotherapy. They are, in most cases, incidental findings, but can be discovered after syncope. We report the case of an elderly female, who was referred for syncope and was found to have a large fibroelastoma at the mitral valve annulus, intermittently obstructing the left ventricular inflow tract, and mimicking the presentation of left atrial myxoma. This case illustrates another potential mechanism of syncope in patients with fibroelastomas. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2013
Direct entry of the right superior vena cava into the left atrium with aneurysmal dilatation and stenosis at its entry into the right atrium with stenosis of the pulmonary veins: A rare case

This is the first autopsied case reported in the English language literature wherein the right superior vena cava entered both atria with obstruction of the entry into the right atrium, aneurysmal dilatation of the proximal part of the superior vena cava, and entry of the stenosed right upper pulmonary vein into the aneurysmal sac. The aneurysmally dilated right superior vena cava communicated directly with the left atrium. In addition, the remainder of the pulmonary veins, all of which were markedly stenosed, entered the left atrium. The embryogenesis of this unique malformation is briefly discussed.
Signals and Systems: Towards a Systems Biology of Signal Transduction

Systems biology seeks to understand how the behavior of cells and organisms arises from the collective interactions of their component molecules. I will discuss how signal transduction- the process by which cells sense and respond to external signals - is being reconsidered from a systems perspective. This relies on ideas and concepts from the physical sciences coupled to new experimental strategies. I will outline some of the challenges through work in our laboratory on epidermal growth factor signalling.
Novel Hybrid GPU–CPU Implementation of Parallelized Monte Carlo Parametric Expectation Maximization Estimation Method for Population Pharmacokinetic Data Analysis

The development of a population PK/PD model, an essential component for model-based drug development, is both time- and labor-intensive. A graphical-processing unit (GPU) computing technology has been proposed and used to accelerate many scientific computations. The objective of this study was to develop a hybrid GPU–CPU implementation of parallelized Monte Carlo parametric expectation maximization (MCPEM) estimation algorithm for population PK data analysis. A hybrid GPU–CPU implementation of the MCPEM algorithm (MCPEMGPU) and identical algorithm that is designed for the single CPU (MCPEMCPU) were developed using MATLAB in a single computer equipped with dual Xeon 6-Core E5690 CPU and a NVIDIA Tesla C2070 GPU parallel computing card that contained 448 stream processors. Two different PK models with rich/sparse sampling design schemes were used to simulate population data in assessing the performance of MCPEMCPU and MCPEMGPU. Results were analyzed by comparing the parameter estimation and model computation times. Speedup factor was used to assess the relative benefit of parallelized MCPEMGPU over MCPEMCPU in shortening model computation time. The MCPEMGPU consistently achieved shorter computation time than the MCPEMCPU and can offer more than 48-fold speedup using a single GPU card. The novel hybrid GPU–CPU implementation of parallelized MCPEM algorithm developed in this study holds a great promise in serving as the core for the next-generation of modeling software for population PK/PD analysis.
Covariant quantization of superstrings based on Becchi-Rouet-Stora invariance

A manifestly covariant quantization of the superstring is presented in the Neveu-Schwarz-Ramond formalism on the basis of the Becchi-Rouet-Stora (BRS) invariance principle. The critical dimension D=10 and the correct Regge intercept are shown to follow from the requirement of the nilpotency ${Q}_{B}$${\mathrm{}}^{2}$=0 of the BRS charge. A modified form of the subsidiary condition of Kugo and Ojima ${Q}_{B}$\ensuremath{\Vert}phys〉=0 to define the physical subspace is sufficient to demonstrate the no-ghost theorem.
Muhammad in Contemporary Christian Theological Reflection

After briefly surveying the generally polemical pre-modern Christian views of Muhammad, this essay considers a range of recent Christian approaches. Daniel Madigan explores often unrecognized complexities involved in the question; he considers Muhammad's message a “salutary critique” prompting Christians to a fuller understanding of their faith. Hans Kung insists that Christians should recognize Muhammad as a prophet; Islam is akin to early Jewish forms of Christianity, whose validity should be recognized. Jacques Jomier and Christian Troll are respectful of Muhammad but argue that, if Christians call him a prophet, they effectively deny their own faith. Kenneth Cragg presents a “positive, critical position”, encouraging sympathetic Christian interpretation of Muhammad's achievement in his context, but expressing reservations about the “political equation” in his ministry and contrasting this with Christ's way of redemptive suffering. Cragg's approach is upheld against criticisms as an exemplary model of ...
Digital-analogue convertors - solving the price/performance problem

The ability to use positive, negative or alternating reference voltages provides flexibility to d.a. convertors, and flexibility can be converted to economics
Common stochastic trends in pacific rim stock markets

Abstract This study examines the common stochastic trends among national stock prices of the U.S. and five East Asian countries, including Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and South Korea. Through Johansen's maximum likelihood estimation procedure, two cointegration relationships are identified and the six stock price variables are found to share four common unit roots. The result suggests that the U.S. and Taiwan markets may not belong to a “common” stock region containing the remaining four countries. The result also shows that most variables have the same adjustment speed in moving from short-run disequilibria toward the common trend. Finally, impulse response analyses suggest that short-run adjustments to temporary shocks occur rather quickly for some countries, and that for others the pattern and magnitude of the adjustments may be influenced by commonalities in ethnic and other backgrounds of the countries involved.
Temperature dependence of electron magnetic resonance and magnetization in NiO nanorods

Abstract For NiO nanorods of 5 nm diameter prepared by sol–gel technique, variations of the magnetization M with temperature T (5–370 K) and magnetic field H up to 55 kOe are reported. Also, temperature variations of the EMR (electron magnetic resonance) parameters (intensity I0, linewidth ΔH and resonance field Hr) of an observed line due to uncompensated spins are followed for T≤300 K . The M vs. H and T variations yield a blocking T B ≃250 K , above which the data fits modified Langevin function with magnetic moment μp≃1240 μB/particle. For the EMR line, I0 decreases rapidly for T
A low-cost and label-free alpha-fetoprotein sensor based on self-assembled graphene on shrink polymer

Self-assembled graphene by layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly on a shrink polymer substrate demonstrates nano wrinkles after heating. As a result, graphene with nano wrinkles shows different wettability and surface roughness, depending on shrink temperatures. The graphene on shrink polymer performs sensing applications for pH and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) detection with advantages of low cost and label free, due to self-assembly technique, ease of modification, and antigen-antibody surface reaction.
Measurement of Surface Temperatures and Spectral Emissivities During Laser Irradiation

Observations with a four-band radiometer of the spectral radiance temperatures of a carbon-phenolic sample are used to determine the front-face temperature and spectral emissivities (0.53, 1.06, 3.8, and 7.8 ^m) on the sample when subjected to cw laser irradiation (10.6 /im). A spectral method is employed that assumes a value for the shortest wavelength spectral emissivity value and is compared to the classical ratio method. Error analysis for each of the methods is presented along with discussion on multispectral methods that may be useful for certain situations.
Obstructive apnea, associated patterns of movement, heart rate, and oxygenation in infants at low and increased risk for SIDS.

Repetitive polysomnograms were recorded between 40 weeks post-conceptional age and 6 months in a total of 49 infants, 19 healthy preterm infants, 14 normal term infants, and 16 subsequent siblings of infants who died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). These nighttime recordings lasted 2–4 hours, except at 3 months when an overnight 12–hour recording was perfomed. Obstructive apneas (OA) > 3 seconds were divided into 3 categories: 1) clear obstructive, 2) mixed and 3) unclear because of movement artifacts. More than half belonged in category 3 and were excluded from further analysis unless accompanied by a transient episode of bradycardia (TEB), defined as heart rate ≤100 beats per minute. Each OA with TEB was also examined for changes in transcutaneous oxygen tension (PtcO2). Most pauses were brief (median, 4 seconds), the longest (27 seconds) seen only once in the youngest premature infant. The majority of OA were accompanied by heart rate accelerations. The number of clear obstructive and mixed apneas was similar. The scores were combined to calculate a density (number per 100 minutes of recording). OA were not common: Their density decreased from 2 in 100 minutes at 40 weeks in the preterm to once every 300 minutes (5 hours) in the 6-month-old term infant. Ten percent of the OA were accompanied by TEB. Of these, 10% were accompanied by a Ptc02 decrease of >10 mm Hg. OA with TEB followed a nonmonotonic curve, the highest percentage of infants showing this pattern at the age of highest risk for SIDS. Minor differences among study groups were confined to less movements with OA in subsequent siblings and an earlier peak incidence of OA with TEB in prematures, compared to normal term infants. OA were seen in all study groups, were self-limited, and apparently were devoid of pathological consequences. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Physiologic Disposition and Metabolic Fate of Indomethacin Analogs II: 1-(p-Chlorobenzoyl)-5-dimethylamino-2-methylindole-3-acetic Acid

The physiologic disposition and metabolic fate of 1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-dimethylamino-2-methylindole-3-acetic acid, an analog of indomethacin, were studied in several animal species and in man. This compound was well absorbed after oral administration and widely distributed in tissues. The drug was extensively metabolized in all species by hydrolysis of the p-chlorobenzoyl substituent, which was excreted in the urine as p-chlorobenzoyl-glycine. In this respect, the title compound differed from indomethacin in that the latter did not undergo hydrolysis in the dog. The acyl glucuronide was a metabolite of both drugs in man.
Nucleon scattering from Mo isotopes and the lane model

A unified optical-model analysis of neutron and proton elastic scattering from Mo isotopes reveals breakdowns of the Lane model of t x T interactions, most clearly evident as shell effects. The puzzle is that a coupled-reaction-channel reanalysis does not remove these.
Black holes in closed universes

BLACK holes are now the subject matter of at least half the papers in general relativity. These papers rest on a foundation of sand, for black holes have been successfully defined only in asymptotically flat spacetimes, and no one really believes that the Universe is asymptotically flat. I shall provide a firm basis for black hole physics in the present paper; I shall extend the concept of ‘black hole’ to arbitrary stably causal spacetimes by essentially defining a black hole to be that object which contains all the ‘small’ trapped surfaces. As for most astrophysical applications black hole surfaces are located approximately by the outermost trapped surface boundary, this new definition allows results which depend only on the local behaviour of black holes in asymptotically flat spacetimes to be extended (approximately) to closed universes. Results which depend on the global behaviour of black holes cannot in general be extended to closed universes. For example, it is shown that the black hole area theorem—the statement that black holes never decrease their cross-sectional area—cannot be extended to closed universes. The new concept of black hole yields a purely geometrical definition of time direction in closed universes. My notation will be that of ref. 1.
Enhanced Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed at the surface of colloidal spheroids

The observation of SERS by molecules adsorbed at the surface of colloidal particles has led to analysis of classical electromagnetic field effects which contribute to enhancement of the Raman signals. Such effects alone can give rise to large enhancements which are sensitive to particle size, shape and optical constants. The theory is formulated in such a way that specific changes in Raman polarizability which occur upon adsorption can be incorporated, when these are known.
Aqueous organometallic chemistry. 3. Catalytic hydride transfer reactions with ketones and aldehydes using [Cp*Rh(bpy)(H2O)](OTf)2 as the precatalyst and sodium formate as the hydride source: Kinetic and activation parameters, and the significance of steric and electronic effects

Abstract The reaction of a precatalyst, [Cp∗Rh(bpy)(H 2 O)](OTf) 2 ( 1 ), with sodium formate provided the hydride complex, [Cp∗Rh(bpy)(H)] + ( 2 ), in situ , at pH 7.0, which was then evaluated in an aqueous, catalytic hydride transfer process with water soluble substrates that encompass 2-pentanone ( 3 ), cyclohexanone ( 4 ), acetophenone ( 5 ), propionaldehyde ( 6 ), benzaldehyde ( 7 ), and p -methoxybenzaldehyde ( 8 ). The initial rates, r i , of appearance of the reduction product alcohols at 23 °C provided a relative rate scale: 8 > 7 ≈ 6 > 5 > 4 > 3 , while the effect of concentration of substrate, precatalyst, and sodium formate on r i , using 7 as an example, implicates [Cp∗Rh(bpy)(H)] + formation as the rate-limiting step. The experimental kinetic rate expression was found to be: d [alcohol]/ dt = k cat [ 1 ][HCO 2 Na]; substrate being pseudo zero order in water. The steric effects were also analyzed and appeared to be of less importance intra both the ketone and aldehyde series, but an inter series comparison appeared to show that the aldehydes had less of a steric effect on the initial rate, i.e., 7 > 4 by a factor of 3.6, while the aldehyde series appeared to have some moderate electronic influence on rates, presumably via electron donation to increase binding to the Cp∗Rh metal ion center, in accordance with these proposed concerted binding/hydride transfer reactions. A proposed catalytic cycle will also be presented.
Stable isotopes to detect food-conditioned bears and to evaluate human-bear management

We used genetic and stable isotope analysis of hair from free-ranging black bears (Ursus americanus) in Yosemite National Park, California, USA to: 1) identify bears that consume human food, 2) estimate the diets of these bears, and 3) evaluate the Yosemite human–bear management program. Specifically, we analyzed the isotopic composition of hair from bears known a priori to be food-conditioned or non-food-conditioned and used these data to predict whether bears with an unknown management status were food-conditioned (FC) or non-food-conditioned (NFC). We used a stable isotope mixing model to estimate the proportional contribution of natural foods (plants and animals) versus human food in the diets of FC bears. We then used results from both analyses to evaluate proactive (population-level) and reactive (individual-level) human–bear management, and discussed new metrics to evaluate the overall human–bear management program in Yosemite. Our results indicated that 19 out of 145 (13%) unknown bears sampled from 2005 to 2007 were food-conditioned. The proportion of human food in the diets of known FC bears likely declined from 2001–2003 to 2005–2007, suggesting proactive management was successful in reducing the amount of human food available to bears. In contrast, reactive management was not successful in changing the management status of known FC bears to NFC bears, or in reducing the contribution of human food to the diets of FC bears. Nine known FC bears were recaptured on 14 occasions from 2001 to 2007; all bears were classified as FC during subsequent recaptures, and human–bear management did not reduce the amount of human food in the diets of FC bears. Based on our results, we suggest Yosemite continue implementing proactive human–bear management, reevaluate reactive management, and consider removing problem bears (those involved in repeated bear incidents) from the population. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Noniterative motion estimation for overlapped block motion compensation

We study motion estimation in overlapped block motion compensation. Due to the interaction between neighboring motion vectors, it remains an open problem how to find the optimal motion vector set minimizing the motion compensation error. In this paper we present a non-iterative motion estimation algorithm to search for a sub-optimal solution. It utilizes the relationship between block motion estimates, by exploiting known motion estimate in the causal past and predicting the unknown future. Our algorithm significantly outperforms other known non-iterative algorithms, including conventional bock matching and windowed block matching. Furthermore, while only costing a fraction of the computation needed by iterative algorithms, our non- iterative algorithm obtains most of the gain realizable by using the iterative algorithms. The experimental results show that iteration is not necessary to achieve large gains, in contrast to common belief.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
How I Do It: Surgical Management of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

The surgical management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) has been impacted by the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), advances in surgical technique, and a better understanding of the natural history of this unique disease. In this article, we review the technical aspects of the operations, the expanding role of laparoscopy, and the indications for neoadjuvant and neoadjuvant TKI therapy in primary GIST. Furthermore, we explore the rationale for and incorporation of surgery in the multidisciplinary management of advanced GIST.
Some notes on ideophones and ideophonic constructions in Shona

(1971). Some notes on ideophones and ideophonic constructions in Shona. African Studies: Vol. 30, No. 3-4, pp. 237-258.
Satellite-derived sea surface temperature data available on-line

A joint NOAA/NASA data set of sea surface temperature (SST) called “Pathfinder” was compiled in response to the question: What can be done to further global change research? It is now available online for use by the Earth science community at http://podaac-www.jpl.nasa.gov/. The project was conceived as part of the U.S. Global Change Research Program activities and is part of NASA's Mission to Planet Earth. It tapped the archives of existing satellite data, reprocessing all of the global coverage data acquired since 1981 by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers (AVHRR). The result is a data set of high-resolution, global-gridded fields of SST, produced using improved AVHRR calibration corrections and community consensus algorithms for the correction of water vapor and clouds.
Teaching home safety and survival skills to latch-key children: a comparison of two manuals and methods.

I evaluated the influence of two training manuals on latch-key children's acquisition of home safety and survival skills. The widely used, discussion-oriented "Prepared for Today" manual was compared with a behaviorally oriented "Safe at Home" manual. Data were scored by response criteria developed by experts and by parents' and experts' ratings of children's spontaneous answers. With both methods of scoring, three behaviorally trained children demonstrated clear and abrupt increases in skill following training in each of seven trained modules, and these increases largely persisted in real world generalization probes and at 5-month follow-up. Smaller and less stable increases in skill were found in the three discussion-trained children across the seven modules; lower skill levels were also seen in real world generalization probes and at follow-up. Neither group of children demonstrated skill increases in home safety areas that were not explicitly trained. Both training methods produced small decreases in children's self-report of general anxiety and anxiety concerning home safety. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for cost-effective training of latch-key children. Language: en
Substantial thinning of a major east Greenland outlet glacier

Aircraft laser-altimeter surveys in 1993 and 1998 over Kangerdlugssuaq Glacier in east Greenland reveal thinning, over the 5-year interim, of several meters for all surveyed areas within 70 km of the seaward ice front, rising to 50 meters in the final 5 km. Such rapid thinning is best explained by increased discharge velocities and associated creep thinning, most probably caused by enhanced lubrication of the glacier bed. The calving ice front over the past decade has occupied approximately the same location as in 1966. Velocity estimates for 1995/96 are about the same as those for 1966 and 1988, but significantly less than for 1999, suggesting that major thinning began after 1995.
LACK OF EFFECT OF HALOTHANE ON THE METABOLISM OF THIOPENTONE IN MAN

SUMMARY In subjects without evidences of liver disease, given 500–700 mg doses of thiopentone, the half-life was shorter than reported previously with doses ranging from 1 to 4 g. Halothane was shown not to have a significant effect on the metabolism of thiopentone.
Quenched thin Sn, Pb and In films: Comparison of nominal crystallite size from electron diffraction experiments with electronic mean free paths calculated from Hc - values

Abstract The observed variation of the critical field H c for thin metal films quenched at liquid He temperatures is used to estimate the electronic mean free path, using the theory of Tinkham. Correlation between the average crystallite size and the computed mean free path is shown to exist over certain relatively broad temperature ranges; a = c × l .
Direct numerical simulation of turbulent reacting flow using a reduced hydrogenoxygen mechanism

Abstract Results of direct numerical simulations of hydrogenoxygen combustion using a partial-equilibrium chemistry scheme in three-dimensional, constant density, decaying, isotropic turbulence are reported. The simulations qualitatively reproduced many features of experimental results, such as superequilibrium radical species mole fractions, with temperature and major species mole fractions closer to chemical equilibrium. Areas of high reaction rate occurred in the simulations in sheetlike zones where regions of high scalar dissipation intersected the stoichiometric surface, as would be expected for near-equilibrium or flamelet combustion. Simulation results were compared with predictions of the Conditional Moment Closure model. This model was found to give good results for all quantities of interest when the conditionally averaged scalar dissipation was used in the prediction. When the nonconditioned average dissipation was used, the predictions compared well with the simulations for most of the species and temperature, but not for the reaction rate. The comparison would be expected to improve for higher Reynolds number flows, however.
Data bases for rapid response to power reactor problems

The urgency of the TMI-2 incident demanded prompt answers to an imperious situation. In responding to these challenging circumstances, both government and industry recognized deficiencies in both availability of essential retrievable data and calculational capabilities designed to respond immediately to actual abnormal events. Each responded by initiating new programs to provide a remedy for the deficiencies and to generally improve all safety measures in the nuclear power industry. Many data bases and information centers offer generic data and other technology resources which are generally useful in support of nuclear safety programs. A few centers can offer rapid access to calculational methods and associated data and more will make an effort to do so. As a beneficial spin-off from the lessons learned from TMI-2, more technical effort and financial resources will be devoted to the prevention of accidents, and to improvement of safety measures in the immediate future and for long term R and D programs by both government and the nuclear power industry.
Comparison of the action of diazepam and phenobarbital using EEG-derived power spectra obtained from temporal lobe epileptics.

Abstract The action of the anticonvulsant drugs diazepam and phenobarbital on the electrical activity of temporal lobe structures was analyzed. Data are reported from six patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy in whom medication had failed to control seizures and in whom recording electrodes had been implanted in order to localize the more epileptogenic hemisphere with a view to therapeutic surgery. The effect of intravenous administration of these drugs on the electroencephalogram (EEG) was measured by means of the power spectrum, computed from EEG segments obtained both before and after the administration of the drugs. Spectral changes, in terms of limited bandwidths, were assessed for statistical significance. Diazepam was found to have striking, though varied, effects across the six patients. There was a general tendency for diazepam to suppress activity in the lower frequency bands and to produce enhancement in the higher frequency bands. Diazepam also gave indications of acting differentially on the more epileptogenic hemisphere, and its effects cortically and subcortically were not always similar. Phenobarbital generally had little effect on spectral activity.
Miocene Rock-Avalanche Deposits, Halloran/Silurian Hills Area, Southeastern California

Sedimentary rock of the Miocene Shadow Valley Basin in the Halloran/Silurian Hills area, southeastern California consists of a terrestrial sequence that is divided into two units. The lower unit (up to 1500 m thick) consists primarily of red-bed fanglomerate. Interbedded with the fanglomerate are four mega-breccia sheets interpreted to be rock-avalanche deposits. Lithologic features of the sheets that indicate avalanche-type deposition include monolithologic composition, crackle and jigsaw breccia textures, large blocks up to tens of meters across, low (5–20 percent) matrix content, clastic dikes, and basal striations. The three stratigraphically lower sheets range between 5 and 10 m thick, whereas the highest sheet is approximately 75 m thick. Breccia clasts in the sheets consist predominantly of Paleozoic carbonate. The source area for the megabreccia is the Clark Mountains on the east. At the time of deposition, the avalanche deposits covered an area of 300 to 400 km 2 . Runout distances for the three thinner sheets is about 30 km and for the thicker sheet, about 40 km. Volumes of the three thinner sheets is calculated to be on the order of 5 × 10 9 m 3 and the thicker sheet is about 4 × 10 10 m 3 . Thickness to runout ratios vary from 0.002 for the thicker sheet to 0.0004 for the thinner sheets. Several mechanisms have been proposed to decrease friction that allows for emplacement of large-runout avalanches, including high pore water pressure, trapped air beneath the avalanche, intergranular impacts, and acoustic fluidization. Observations of the sheet bases in the Halloran/Silurian Hills suggest that the acoustic fluidization model fits best.
Transcription factor IIB acetylates itself to regulate transcription

Acetylation is a well-known regulatory post-translational modification, but a biological function for acetylation in regulating basal transcription factors has not been reported. Here we show that the general transcription factor TFIIB, which is required for the initiation of eukaryotic polymerase II transcription, is acetylated. TFIIB is also an autoacetyltransferase, although it shares no sequence homology with any known acetyltransferases. In the absence of other enzymes, it binds acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), and catalyses the transfer of the acetyl group onto a specific lysine residue (K238). Both recombinant and cellular TFIIB can autoacetylate, markedly stabilizing the interaction between TFIIB and transcription factor TFIIF and activating transcription in vitro and in cells. A K238A mutant, which cannot be autoacetylated, does not show this activation of transcription. Our findings suggest that there is a regulatory pathway controlling acetylation of TFIIB, and they link acetyl-CoA with basal gene transcription.
A fast Gibbs sampler for synthesizing constrained fractals

It is well known that the spatial frequency spectra of membrane and thin-plate splines exhibit self-affine characteristics and hence behave as fractals. This behavior was exploited in generating the constrained fractal surfaces in the work of Szeliski and Terzopoulos (1989), which were generated by using a Gibbs sampler algorithm. The algorithm involves locally perturbing a constrained spline surface with white noise until the spline surface reaches an equilibrium state. In this paper, we introduce a very fast generalized Gibbs sampler that combines two novel techniques, namely a preconditioning technique in a wavelet basis for constraining the splines and a perturbation scheme in which, unlike the traditional Gibbs sampler, all sites (surface nodes) that do not share a common neighbor are updated simultaneously. In addition, we demonstrate the capability to generate arbitrary-order fractal surfaces without resorting to blending techniques. Using this fast Gibbs sampler algorithm, we demonstrate the synthesis of realistic terrain models from sparse elevation data.
Identification of consonants and vowels presented to left and right ears.

The results of earlier studies by several authors suggest that speech and nonspeech auditory patterns are processed primarily in different places in the brain and perhaps by different modes. The qu...
Raman Scattering from Microcrystalline Films: Considerations of Composite Structures with Different Optical Absorption Properties

Raman scattering measurements are used to characterize the components of microcrystalline Si and carbon films. A model is described which addresses the properties of Raman scattering from composites of materials of different optical absorption. The analysis shows that the observed spectra are dependent on both the percentage of the components and on the domain size of the more highly absorbing domains. Carbon films produced by different enhanced CVD techniques show both sp 2 (graphite) and sp 3 (diamond) regions. Silicon films prepared by excimer laser exposure of hydrogenated a-Si and by magnetron sputtering showed features due to both microcrystalline and amorphous regions. The experimental results reflect the length scales of the domains and vibrational excitations.
Linear-Matrix-Inequality-Based Robust Fault Detection and Isolation Using the Eigenstructure Assignment Method

A = system state transmission matrix with dimension n n Bd = noise input influence matrix with dimension n nd Bu = input influence matrix with dimension n r C = output influence matrix with dimension m n Dd = noise direct transmission matrix with dimension m nd Fi = ith force direction vector H = projection matrix I = identity matrix L = observer gain with dimension n m m = number of outputs mi = arbitrary scalar function of time with respect to the ith fault direction n = number of states nd = number of disturbance inputs q = number of faults r = number of inputs
Family history of stroke and cardiovascular health in a national cohort.

Background We investigated the association between family history of stroke (FHS) and Life's Simple 7 (LS7), a public health metric defined by the American Heart Association. Methods Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke is a national population-based cohort of 30,239 blacks and whites, aged 45 years or older, sampled from the US population between 2003 and 2007. Data were collected by telephone, mail questionnaires, and in-home examinations. FHS was defined as any first-degree relative with stroke. Levels of the LS7 components (total cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting glucose, physical activity, diet, smoking, and body mass index) were each coded as poor (0 points), intermediate (1 point), or ideal (2 points) health. Ordinal logistic regression was used to model the data. Results Among 20,567 subjects with complete LS7 and FHS data, there were 7702 (37%) participants with an FHS. The mean age of the participants was 64 years. The mean (± standard deviation) overall LS7 score was lower for blacks (6.5 ± 2.0) than that of whites (7.6 ± 2.1). FHS was associated with poorer levels of physiological factors, particularly high blood pressure (odds ratio [OR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.19) and inversely associated with behaviors such as smoking (OR, .92; 95% CI, .85-.99). Conclusions Our results suggest that screening for FHS can provide an opportunity for earlier detection and management of modifiable risk factors.
A fuzzy expert system for oil prospecting in the Lower Brushy Canyon of SE New Mexico

This paper presents a fuzzy expert system, the fuzzy expert exploration tool (FEE tool), developed for oil prospecting in the Lower Brushy Canyon of SE New Mexico. It was developed using two types of rules, heuristic rules, generated directly from geophysical and geological databases, and expert rules developed through interviews with successful prospectors. Rules are applied in three categories, regional assessment, trap assessment, and formation assessment. The FEE tool uses a unique fuzzy inference method, and is available to users through the Internet using a Java capable Web browser. It is built on a three-tier model and is implemented using Java Applets and Java Servlets supported by Tomcat application server.
Radiation Survivors: Understanding and exploiting the phenotype following fractionated radiation therapy

Radiation oncology modalities such as intensity-modulated and image-guided radiation therapy can reduce the high dose to normal tissue and deliver a heterogeneous dose to tumors, focusing on areas deemed at highest risk for tumor persistence. Clinical radiation oncology produces daily doses ranging from 1 to 20 Gy, with tissues being exposed to 30 or more daily fractions. Hypothesizing the cells that survive fractionated radiation therapy have a substantially different phenotype than the untreated cells, which might be exploitable for targeting with molecular therapeutics or immunotherapy, three prostate cancer cell lines (PC3, DU145, and LNCaP) and normal endothelial cells were studied to understand the biology of differential effects of multifraction (MF) radiation of 0.5, 1, and/or 2 Gy fraction to 10 Gy total dose, and a single dose of 5 and 10 Gy. The resulting changes in mRNA, miRNA, and phosphoproteome were analyzed. Significant differences were observed in the MF radiation exposures including those from the 0.5 Gy MF that produces little cell killing. As expected, p53 function played a major role in response. Pathways modified by MF include immune response, DNA damage, cell-cycle arrest, TGF-β, survival, and apoptotic signal transduction. The radiation-induced stress response will set forth a unique platform for exploiting the effects of radiation therapy as “focused biology” for cancer treatment in conjunction with molecular targeted or immunologically directed therapy. Given that more normal tissue is treated, albeit to lower doses with these newer techniques, the response of the normal tissue may also influence long-term treatment outcome. Mol Cancer Res; 11(1); 5–12. ©2012 AACR .
Dynamic model for bound abrasive grinding and its application

Bound abrasive grinding of optical materials with CNC machining equipment can achieve precise control over product configuration. For some materials and grinding geometries, however, there can be cases in which machine deflection is significant and this impacts the shape of the optical parts produced. This machine stiffness issue is associated with the relationship between the material removal rate an the applied normal load, as well as the tool deterioration process. A dynamic model to aid in keeping the process fully deterministic is presented. The validity of this model is discussed according to data collected from plano grinding of BK7 and sapphire with diamond cup tool with wide range of process parameters such as abrasive's grit size, workpiece size, infeed rate, tool dimension, and the level of glazing of the tools. Modifications and application of the model to an sphere grinding geometry is also presented.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Competitive lithium solvation of linear and cyclic carbonates from quantum chemistry

The composition of the lithium cation (Li+) solvation shell in mixed linear and cyclic carbonate-based electrolytes has been re-examined using Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) as a function of salt concentration and cluster calculations with ethylene carbonate:dimethyl carbonate (EC:DMC)–LiPF6 as a model system. A coordination preference for EC over DMC to a Li+ was found at low salt concentrations, while a slightly higher preference for DMC over EC was found at high salt concentrations. Analysis of the relative binding energies of the (EC)n(DMC)m–Li+ and (EC)n(DMC)m–LiPF6 solvates in the gas-phase and for an implicit solvent (as a function of the solvent dielectric constant) indicated that the DMC-containing Li+ solvates were stabilized relative to (EC4)–Li+ and (EC)3–LiPF6 by immersing them in the implicit solvent. Such stabilization was more pronounced in the implicit solvents with a high dielectric constant. Results from previous Raman and IR experiments were reanalyzed and reconciled by correcting them for changes of the Raman activities, IR intensities and band shifts for the solvents which occur upon Li+ coordination. After these correction factors were applied to the results of BOMD simulations, the composition of the Li+ solvation shell from the BOMD simulations was found to agree well with the solvation numbers extracted from Raman experiments. Finally, the mechanism of the Li+ diffusion in the dilute (EC:DMC)LiPF6 mixed solvent electrolyte was studied using the BOMD simulations.