cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prediction of peptides observable by mass spectrometry applied at the experimental set level.

Background When proteins are subjected to proteolytic digestion and analyzed by mass spectrometry using a method such as 2D LC MS/MS, only a portion of the proteotypic peptides associated with each protein will be observed. The ability to predict which peptides can and cannot potentially be observed for a particular experimental dataset has several important applications in proteomics research including calculation of peptide coverage in terms of potentially detectable peptides, systems biology analysis of data sets, and protein quantification.
Characterization of phospholipids in pre-α HDL: selective phospholipid efflux with apolipoprotein A-I

Previously, we have shown that lipid-free apoA-I, when incubated with fibroblasts, will produce lipoproteins of pre-alpha mobility (Asztalos, B. F., et al. 1997. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 17: 1630-1636). In order to understand the nature of these pre-alpha particles, we further characterized their lipid content. The pre-alpha particles are high density lipoproteins, having a median density of 1.08 g/ml. They have a surface charge of -18.45 mV. The phospholipid composition of these particles showed that they have 4% each of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and inositol; 69% phosphatidyl choline and 18% sphingomyelin. This phospholipid composition is different from those of plasma HDL (81% phosphatidyl choline, 13% sphingomyelin), plasma membrane on the fibroblasts, and whole fibroblast phospholipid. To demonstrate that the pre-alpha mobility resides in the lipids, lipids from pre-alpha lipoproteins were reconstituted with lipid-free apoA-I. The resultant particles retained their pre-alpha mobility. We conclude that apoA-I may react with specific regions of plasma membrane to acquire this unusual lipid composition and that pre-alpha mobility is caused in part by the unusual phospholipid composition.
Washing plant roots to collect mycelium and sporocarps of Glomus monosporum.

Olchowecki, A., and J. Reid. 1974. Taxonomy of the genus Ceratocystis in Manitoba. Canad. J. Bot. 52: 1675-1711. Pimental, D. 1963. Introducing parasites and predators to control native pests. Canad. Entomol. 95: 785-792. Saiki, H., T. Saito, K. Yoneda, M. Kaijo, J. Ichida, and K. Yamanka. 1984. Biological control of the pine-wood nematode by spraying a nematodetrapping fungus. J. Japan. For. Soc. 66: 30-32. Southey, J. F., (Ed.) 1970. Laboratory methods for working with plant and soil nematodes. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (Great Britain). Technical Bull. No. 2. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. 149 p. Steiner, G., and E. M. Buhrer. 1934. Aphelenchoides xylophilus, n. sp., a nematode associated with bluestain and other fungi in timber. J. Agric. Res. 48: 949-951. Tamura, H. 1980. Some nematode-trapping fungi in the pupal chambers of Monchamus alternatus. For. Pests 29: 20-23. o ecki, A., and J. Reid. 1974. Taxonomy of the s Ceratocystis in Manitoba. Canad. J. Bot. 52: Upad yay, H. P. 1981. A monograph ofCeratocystis and Ceratocystiopsis. Univ. Georgia Press. 176 p. Whitney, H. S. 1982. Relationships between bark beetles and symbiotic organisms. In: Bark beetles in North American conifers. A system for the study of evolutionary biology. Eds., J. B. Mitton and K. B. Sturgeon. Univ. Texas Press. 527 p. Wingfield, M. J. 1982. Transmission of pine wood nematode to cut timber and girdled trees. Plant Dis. 67: 35-37. 1983. Association of Verticicladiella procera and Leptographium terebrantis with insects in the Lake States. Canad. J. For. Res. 13: 1238-1245. , and R. A. Blanchette. 1983. The pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Minnesota and Wisconsin: insect associates and transmission studies. Canad. J. For. Res. 13: 10681076. Yoneda, K., J. Katsumata, H. Saiki, K. Tsubaki, and S. Tatsuma. 1980. A nematode-trapping fungus detected in pine sap. J. Jap. For. Soc. 62: 227229. adhyay, H. P. 1981. A monograph ofCeratocystis d Ceratocystiopsis. Univ. Georgia Press. 176 p hitney, H. S. 1982. Relationships between bark etles and symbiot c organisms. In: Bark beetles North American conifers. A ystem for the study evolutionary biology. Eds., J. B. Mitton and K. . Sturgeon. Univ. Texas Press. 527 p. ingfield, M. J. 1982. Transmis ion of pine wood e atode to cut timber and girdled trees. Plant
Electric field control and effect of Pd capping on magnetocrystalline anisotropy in FePd thin films: A first-principles study

Using ab initio electronic structure calculations, we have investigated the effect of an electric field and of a heavy-metal cap of Pd on the magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) of FePd ultrathin film. Analysis of the energy- and $k$-resolved distribution of the orbital character of the minority-spin band reveals that the perpendicular MCA of the uncapped film mainly arises from the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) between unoccupied Fe ${d}_{xy}$ and occupied Fe ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$ states. On the other hand, the SOC between the Pd- and Fe-derived $d$ states yields negative contributions to the MCA. We find that the sensitivity of the surface anisotropy energy to the applied electric field is 18 fJ/(Vm) and is due to changes in the occupation of the surface Fe atoms ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$ and (${d}_{xz},{d}_{yz}$) orbitals. We demonstrate that the thickness of the Pd cap has a dramatic effect on the MCA and can even switch the magnetization from out-of- to in-plane orientation. The underlying origin is the change of the position and orbital character of the spin-polarized quantum well states induced in the Pd cap by varying its thickness. These results have important implications for exploiting heavy metals with large spin-orbit coupling (Ru, Pd, Ta, Pt, or Au) as contacts with ferromagnetic thin films to tailor the magnetic switching of spintronic devices by tuning the cap thickness.
Ion-Implanted Germanium Far-Infrared Photodetectors

Germanium Blocked Impurity-Band (BIB) detectors, which have potential applications for space-born far infrared astrophysics observations, have been fabricated by means of boron ion implantation on high-purity Ge substrates. These devices are sensitive beyond the cutoff wavelength of Ge photoconductors doped with shallow acceptors. The extended cutoff wavelength increases with applied bias and can reach up to 200μm at very low dark currents of less than 100 electrons/sec. In order to enhance the photo-response, high-energy (3MeV) implantation has been used to form a thicker infrared-active layer. The influence of both ion-implant energies and post-implant anneals on the performance of detectors will be presented. Generation of excess donors in the boron implanted region has been observed. Their origin and effect of device performance will be discussed.
Reaction of Hydroquinone and p-Benzoquinone with the Ge(100)-2 × 1 Surface

The adsorption behavior of two bifunctional molecules, hydroquinone (HO–C6H4–OH) and p-benzoquinone (O═C6H4═O), on the germanium (100) surface is studied. A combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments together with density functional theory calculations were used to identify the products. The distinct functionalities of the reactants result in different reaction pathways, namely, OH dissociation for hydroquinone and cycloaddition for p-benzoquinone. Yet, the major product formed, a dually tethered surface hydroquinoxy group with an aromatic ring (−OC6H4O–), is the same for both molecules. Dual dissociation of hydroquinone was highly selective in stereochemical configuration. Minor singly tethered products are also found for both precursors. The results suggest that selective attachment of aromatic groups on semiconductor surfaces can be achieved by choosing proper functionalities of the reactants.
Palliative Care auf der Intensivstation

Viele Patienten versterben auf der Intensivstation unter palliativen Masnahmen. Zur Unterstutzung des Intensivteams kommen zwei Modelle der Palliative Care zu Anwendung. Es ist hierbei entweder der Palliativmediziner fixer Bestandteil des Intensivteams, was vor allem bei grosen Intensiveinheiten zielfuhrend ist, oder der Palliativmediziner wird problemabhangig konsultiert. Durch die intensive Zusammenarbeit kommt es einerseits zu einer Sensibilisierung der intensivmedizinisch tatigen Arzte und Pflegenden fur Probleme am Lebensende, andererseits zu einem kontinuierlichen Wissenszuwachs an Palliative Care.
Blood bank standards and quality control.

More than 1000 blood banks in this country have received accreditation under a program of voluntary inspection maintained by the American Association of Blood Banks. Inspection is available to both members and nonmembers. On-site evaluation by an experienced blood banker is of much greater value in assessing the “complete transfusion service” than is reliance on proficiency testing.
Transportation price benchmarking: implications for firm performance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand how transportation price benchmarking impacts firm performance. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, firm transportation costs and other financial variables are examined with regression analysis. This study extends empirical research on benchmarking by using current data, taking a longitudinal approach, using additional research methods, and by taking a contingency theory approach to examine firm performance contingent on the relative size of benchmarking information. Findings – Firms can reduce prices paid for transportation (thereby improving firm performance) by participating in benchmarking consortiums, and the amount of price reduction is contingent on the size of firm transportation spending relative to that of the benchmarked firms. Furthermore, the contingent relationship is concave, which indicates that participation in benchmarking consortiums can be optimized. Research limitations/implications – Despite the wide range of companies in this sample and the longitudinal approach of this research, this study examined benchmarking performance in just one marketplace (truckload transportation). Practical implications – The findings help managers to lower transportation costs and optimize the benefits that can be obtained from benchmarking. Originality/value – Transportation prices paid by firms are difficult to obtain because firms are not required to isolate and disclose this information on financial statements. Therefore, the transparency of transportation pricing data in this study which include a wide cross-section of firms provides a unique examination of actual transportation prices and how they can be used for benchmarking.
Study on Technical Framework for Cloud Computing in Large Enterprises

Cloud computing,as a result of development of software and hardware technology,is a critical technology for large enterprises to receive better benefits in usages of large-scale IT resources.This paper analyzes the technical framework for cloud computing in large enterprises and depicts cloud computing infrastructure and its key technologies in detail.Further,the impact on enterprise information system imposed by cloud computing is discussed at the end of this paper.
ANTIOXIDATION OF GRAPHITE ELECTRODES WITH BORIDE IMPREGNATION

Graphite electrodes were impregnated with boride solutions. The rates of oxidation loss of graphite electrodes with and without boride impregnation were compared through testing in a simulating furnace. The physical properties and surface morphology of specimens were also investigated after oxdation test. Results showed that the boride formed a continious antioxidation film on the surface of the graphite electrode at high temperatures. This continuous film filled up the surface pores and thus slowed down and suppressed the oxidation of the electrode. The consumption of the impregnated electrode could be decreased by about 15%.
Application of TDMA Theory in Data Collection System Onboard

The article first introduces TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access)and optical fiber transmission principles,followed by its application in the airborne data acquisition system for detailed study.Based on this work,by using field programmable gate array(FPGA)hardware design,and by designing and implementing the proposed program in hardware part,we designed a FC(Fiber Channel)-based,optical signal transmission and multi-node distributed system.In the actual verification,the experimental results achieved the expected goals,indicating that the design is stable and reliable.
Magnetization and transport properties of single crystalline RPd2P2 (R=Y, La–Nd, Sm–Ho, Yb)

Abstract Single crystals of RPd2P2 (R=Y, La–Nd, Sm–Ho, Yb) were grown out of a high temperature solution rich in Pd and P and characterized by room-temperature powder X-ray diffraction, anisotropic temperature- and field-dependent magnetization and temperature-dependent in-plane resistivity measurements. In this series, YPd2P2 and LaPd2P2 YbPd2P2 (with Yb2+) are non-local-moment bearing. Furthermore, YPd2P2 and LaPd2P2 are found to be superconducting with T c ≃ 0.75 and 0.96 K respectively. CePd2P2 and PrPd2P2 magnetically order at low temperature with a ferromagnetic component along the crystallographic c-axis. The rest of the series manifest low temperature antiferromagnetic ordering. EuPd2P2 has Eu2+ ions and both EuPd2P2 and GdPd2P2 have isotropic paramagnetic susceptibilities consistent with L=0 and J = S = 7 2 and exhibit multiple magnetic transitions. For R=Eu–Dy, there are multiple, T > 1.8 K transitions in zero applied magnetic field and for R=Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, and Dy there are clear metamagnetic transitions at T=2.0 K for H 55 kOe . Strong anisotropies arising mostly from crystal electric field (CEF) effects were observed for most magnetic rare earths with L ≠ 0 . The experimentally estimated CEF parameters B 2 0 were calculated from the anisotropic paramagnetic θab and θc values and compared to theoretical trends across the rare earth series. The ordering temperatures as well as the polycrystalline averaged paramagnetic Curie–Weiss temperature, θave, were extracted from magnetization and resistivity measurements, and compared to the de-Gennes factor.
Radiation Injuries of the Colon and Rectum

Injuries to the colon and rectum caused by radiation therapy are uncommon but challenging clinical problems. The pathophysiology and the risk factors for the development of the various types of acute and chronic irtjuries are discussed. Thorough evaluation of the patient to determine the extent of the injury and the presence of concomitant lesions and to exclude the possibility of recurrent malignancy is urged. Although colostomy remains a valuable and frequently used mode of treatment, it is not the sole alternative whert surgical intervention is required. Operative management focuses on providing healthy, nonradiated tissues to the injured area to provide adequate blood supply and to promote healing. Several surgical alternatives are discussed.
Record Stores: A Tribute to Record Stores; Dust and Grooves: Adventures in Record Collecting; The Record Store Book: Fifty Legendary and Iconic Places to Discover New and Used Vinyl

There appears to be a new cottage industry emerging among 21st-century vinyl stalwarts. Raving about record stores is in vogue. Decades ago such laudatory literary behavior was rare, although fanzi...
Salt marsh persistence is threatened by predicted sea-level rise

Abstract Salt marshes buffer coastlines and provide critical ecosystem services from storm protection to food provision. Worldwide, these ecosystems are in danger of disappearing if they cannot increase elevation at rates that match sea-level rise. However, the magnitude of loss to be expected is not known. A synthesis of existing records of salt marsh elevation change was conducted in order to consider the likelihood of their future persistence. This analysis indicates that many salt marshes did not keep pace with sea-level rise in the past century and kept pace even less well over the past two decades. Salt marshes experiencing higher local sea-level rise rates were less likely to be keeping pace. These results suggest that sea-level rise will overwhelm most salt marshes’ capacity to maintain elevation. Under the most optimistic IPCC emissions pathway, 60% of the salt marshes studied will be gaining elevation at a rate insufficient to keep pace with sea-level rise by 2100. Without mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions this potential loss could exceed 90%, which will have substantial ecological, economic, and human health consequences.
Initial Characterization of Internal Medicine Resident Resilience and Association with Stress and Burnout

Introduction. Burnout is prevalent in medical trainees. Little data exists on resident resilience. Methods. Anonymous surveys were provided to a convenience sample of internal medicine residents. Resilience was assessed using the Connor-Davidson resilience scale. Responses were categorized into low (<70), intermediate (70–79), and high (80–100) resilience. Results. 77 residents from six institutions completed surveys. 26% of residents had high resilience, 43% intermediate, and 31% low. The mean resilience score was and lower than the general population (mean , ). Trainees with high resilience were more likely to never have stress interfere with their relationships outside of work (high: 40%; low: 0%; ). High resilience residents were more likely to have the skills to manage stress and burnout (high: 80%; low: 46%; ) and less likely to feel inferior to peers (high: 20.0%; low: 70.8%; ). There was a trend towards those with high resilience reporting less burnout (high: 40.0%; intermediate: 27%; low: 16.7%; ). Only 60% report a program outlet to discuss burnout. Conclusions. There is a wide range of resilience among IM residents and scores were lower than the general population. Low resilience is associated with more stress interfering with relationships, feeling inferior to peers, and fewer skills to manage stress and burnout.
Ethics and Patents in Stem Cell Research

During the last decade, stem cell-based therapies have become reality. This chapter aims to provide a history of stem cell research and ethical dilemmas that have been contested over the years. We examine U.S. policies towards stem cell—primarily embryonic stem cell research—in detail. In addition, we present the global landscape on patent eligibility of stem cells.
Assessing Hepatitis B Knowledge Among Immigrant Communities in New York City.

The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) among New York City immigrants. Data were obtained from cohort of 2385 persons at-risk for HBV, who completed a knowledge assessment survey during HBV screening events in 2010–2013. HBV knowledge scores were very low among the tested population, with the majority answering every question incorrectly. Participants had higher odds of obtaining a better score if they were fluent in English or born in the US, where participants had lower odds if they were born in Africa or spoke French as their native language. Results show a distinct lack of HBV knowledge among multiple communities at risk for HBV. Future research is needed to evaluate effective interventions to increase HBV knowledge in foreign-born, at-risk communities.
Pessimistic Fund Managers

This paper examines the predictive power of investment managers’ sentiment revealed in their letters to shareholders for their future performance, using closed-end funds (CEFs) as a laboratory. We find that pessimistic tone in managers’ letters to shareholders predicts superior future risk-adjusted returns. The result is not driven by the 2008-2009 financial crisis and the subsequent recovery. We find that pessimistic CEFs are more likely to initiate profitable stock trades prior to stocks’ earnings announcements. Our result is consistent with the reference-dependent effort provision theory: fund managers exert more effort when they feel at a loss relative to their reference points.
Ferromagnetism of Certain Manganese-Rich Alloys

A series of manganese-rich ferromagnetic alloys has been studied. The alloys are based upon an interstitial solution of carbon in manganese. In each of the systems investigated, the ferromagnetic phase was found to be face-centered-cubic in structure. This magnetic phase is based upon the composition (Mn, X)4C; where X is a metallic element which has both a positive size factor with respect to manganese and a high positive valence. Typical elements of this type are aluminum, indium, and tin. Preliminary magnetic measurements indicate that the effective magnetic moment of manganese in the alloys is at least 1.0 Bohr magneton per atom. It is emphasized that the critical atomic separation beyond which ferromagnetism can occur will be governed by the electronic configuration of the manganese atoms. Lattice parameter measurements show that the ferromagnetic condition in the present alloys is associated with an increased atomic separation of only 3 to 6 pct compared with a hypothetical face-centered-cubic lattice of pure manganese.
Molecular Therapies For Vascular Disease: Altering the Balance Between Cell Growth and Cell Death

As the major cause of mortality and morbidity in the industrialized world, cardiovascular disease provides one of the major challenges facing physicians in clinical medicine. Tremendous progress has been made in the treatment of cardiovascular disease as a result of surgical or interventional manipulations such as angioplasty, bypass grafting, or cardiac transplantation. However, these palliative technologies are limited in long-term efficacy because they fail to modify the fundamental pathobiological mechanisms of cardiovascular disease. The challenge of cardiovascular medicine in the twenty-first century is to begin to develop novel therapies that target the molecules that mediate the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. This chapter will review several approaches to utilize oligonucleotides as molecular probes to selectively modify gene expression within the vasculature and thereby alter the natural history of vascular disease. In particular, the discussion will focus on three paradigmatic contexts of intimai vascular disease: restenosis after angioplasty, vein graft failure and atherosclerosis.
Botox in Plastic Surgery

The first documented use of injectable botulinum toxin in plastic surgery was in 1989 when Clark and Berris published their case in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery regarding the use of botulinum toxin type A to treat asymmetry from rhytidectomy, where there was suspected unilateral frontal nerve paralysis in a patient [1, 2]. The first documentation of its use in humans was by Dr. Alan Scott, an ophthalmologist. His work describing the use of botulinum toxin as an alternative to strabismus surgery was published in 1980; the toxin was used in management of blepharospasm and strabismus [3, 4].
PRELIMINARY INCUBATION OF RAW MILK SAMPLES AS AN AID IN EVALUATING BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY1

A total of 194 milk samples were obtained from 35 bulk tank grade-A milk producers in the Manhattan, Kansas, milk-shed during different seasons, and examined for standard, coliform, and psychrophile plate counts both before and after preliminary incubation (P.I.). Samples also were tested for inhibitory substances. Farms were ranked I, II, or III in general sanitation on the basis of visible conditions, with rank I most desirable. Except for one doubtful sample, all tests for inhibitory substances were negative. With standard plate counts, when no consideration was given to initial count level, there was no statistically significant relation between P.I. counts and season or sanitation rank, although summer growth ratios were always lowest. When data were grouped on the basis of initial count range, P.I. counts and growth ratios increased with increased sanitation rank in the lower count ranges. In initial count ranges > 50,000/ml the relationship between growth ratio and sanitation rank declined. With co...
Acute Histoplasmosis with Pleural Effusion in an Immunocompetent Patient

Histoplasmosis is a mycosis caused by the organism Histoplasma capsulatum and is transmitted to humans through aerosol and ingestion. It is endemic in several areas of the United States, Central and South America and has variants in Europe, Asia and Africa where the mycelial form grows in soil rich in nutrients. When the soil is disturbed, either spores or hyphal elements can spread populating nearby areas or they may be carried by mechanical vectors. It is also possible for infected vectors to spread the fungus. The following case study presents an atypical occurrence of acute severe histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent adult. Included is an overview of the diagnostic process, the organism9s history, characteristics, pathogenicity, and host responses. ABBREVIATIONS:BAL - bronchial alveolar lavage, EIA - enzyme immunoassay, ELISA - enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, NK - natural killer, PAMPS - pathogen associated molecular patterns, PRR- pattern recognition receptors, TLR2 - Toll-like receptors, MR - mannose receptor, TH1 - T helper cell 1
Mechanistic Considerations of the Inhibition of Carcinogenesis by Tea

Many laboratory studies have demonstrated the inhibition of tumorigenesis in animal models by various tea preparations. This report discusses the inhibition of tumorigenesis in the mouse lung, forestomach, and skin and the rat esophagus. The inhibitory activity of green tea could be demonstrated when tea preparations were given during or after the carcinogen treatment period. Black tea was also effective, although the activity was weaker than that of green tea in some experiments. Decaffeinated tea preparations were also active in many model systems. The molecular mechanisms for these broad inhibitory actions are not fully understood. They are most likely related to the biochemical actions of the tea polyphenols, which include antioxidative activities and inhibition of cell proliferation or tumor promotion-related activities. In contrast to the clear and consistently observed inhibitory effect of tea on tumorigenesis in animal models, the effect of tea consumption on human cancers is not clear, despite numerous investigations. To provide a basis for more quantitative analyses on the effect of tea on carcinogenesis, tea level(s) of tea polyphenols in blood, urine, and tissue samples were analyzed. This information, together with more mechanistic information on the inhibitory action of tea, can help us to understand the effects of tea consumption on human carcinogenesis.
Associations between Relationship Maintenance Behaviors and Marital Stability in Remarriages

Nearly half of adults in the U.S. indicated they had a close step-relative that included stepparents, stepchildren, and other close relationships. The prevalence of stepfamilies is rapidly increasi...
Ligand Engineering for Mn2+ Doping Control in CsPbCl3 Perovskite Nanocrystals via a Quasi-Solid-Solid Cation Exchange Reaction

Manganese-doped cesium lead chloride (CsPbCl3) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have recently garnered attention because of their unique magneto-optical properties, giving them potential in a variety ...
A Share 21 Model in Liver Transplantation: Impact on Waitlist Outcomes

With the introduction of Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium (MELD-Na)-based allocation, the score at which patients benefit from liver transplantation (LT) has shifted from a score of 15 to 21. This study aimed to evaluate waitlist outcomes in patients with MELD-Na scores <21 and explore the utility of replacing "Share 15" with "Share 21." The study uses data from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network/United Network for Organ Sharing registry. All adult patients registered for LT after implementation of the MELD-Na-based allocation were evaluated. Waitlist patients with initial and final scores <21 were eligible. Patients with exception scores were excluded. To explore the potential impact of a Share 21 model, patients with an initial MELD-Na score of 6-14 (Group 1) and those with a score of 15-20 (Group 2) were compared for waitlist outcomes. There were 3686 patients with an initial score of 6-14 (Group 1) and 3282 with a score of 15-20 (Group 2). Group 2, when compared to Group 1, showed comparable risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.00, P = .97), higher transplant probability (aHR 3.25, P < .001), and lower likelihood of removal from listing because of improvement (aHR 0.74, P = .011). Share 21 may enhance transplant opportunities and increase parity for patients with higher MELD-Na scores without compromising waitlist outcomes.
Assessing country-level privacy risk for digital payment systems

Abstract As we evolve in the digital age, new risks have emerged and are increasing the complexity of existing global digital ecosystems. These include privacy risks from cyberattacks and the threat of data misuse. Such privacy risks negatively affect consumer confidence, the reputation of an entity, and international consumerism. Prior studies have examined country-level risks, including economic, political, and financial risks; however, very little research has paid attention to country-level privacy risk. In this study, we focus on a key aspect of digital ecosystems, i.e., Digital Payment Systems (DPS). More specifically, we analyze the privacy policies of Mobile Wallets and Remittance (MWR) apps – a component of DPS that contributes to privacy debates- to assess their compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in order to create a country-level privacy risk index for DPS. We create a framework to help convey country-level risks concerning DPS and inform comprehensive policy recommendations. The study reveals country-level data privacy and protection practices and provides recommendations for country-level risk assessment exercises. The research contributes to the digital payment ecosystem, privacy risks, privacy policy and regulatory compliance literature.
Full Visible Spectrum Panchromatic Triple Donor Dye for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

An organic dye with three electron donating groups is studied that has broad full visible spectrum panchromatic absorption in solution. The donor groups introduce six significant optical transition...
Genetics and Age-Related Hearing Loss

Age-related hearing loss—presbycusis—comprises the top communication disorder and neurodegenerative condition of our aged population, and its management is a tremendous burden on our healthcare system. There are currently no biomedical treatments to slow its progression, or reverse its symptoms, which can reduce professional productivity, family communication and relationships, and sometimes lead to depression or other psychosocial deficits. Advances in our knowledge of the biological underpinnings, including the genetics of presbycusis, can pave the way for novel biotherapeutic treatments in the future. We have learned much from utilizing genetically engineered animal models, including inbred and knockout mouse strains, to advance our knowledge of the biological mechanisms, at systems, cellular, genetic and molecular levels, as summarized in the current chapter. Unfortunately, much less is known about human genes underlying presbycusis, with only one gene strongly linked to age-related hearing loss so far.
Market Power Without A Large Market Share: The Role of Imperfect Information and other “Consumer Protection” Market Failures

There are two very different sources of market power in antitrust cases. The first is traditional market sharebased market power. Market power in antitrust cases also can come from deception, significantly imperfect or asymmetric information, or other types of market failures that usually are associated with consumer protection violations. When these consumer protection market failures are present in antitrust cases, market power can arise even if no firm has a market share large enough for a finding of traditional market share based market power. However, instead of traditional end-use consumers being harmed, the direct victims are businesses. The consumer protection type of market power has been a small part of the antitrust world for decades. Nevertheless, this paper urges that it play an even larger role in the day-to-day world of antitrust. This paper also discusses some of the implications that could arise if we grant this source of market power the attention it deserves. In addition to having an effect on our beliefs as to when market power may be present, it also could have important effects on such related antitrust areas as market definition and entry analysis.
Conflict Resolution in Healthcare

This article discusses in-house conflict resolution processes for healthcare, particularly focusing on institutions such as hospitals, hospital systems and ACOs/accountable care organizations. These processes differ markedly from the pre-trial mediation familiar to health lawyers and, because they are now essential, health lawyers need to be conversant with them.First, as attorneys create new relationships for clients, they need to foster durability of those relationships. They need to build conflict resolution structures directly into the relationships.Second, since health lawyers may be directly involved in some conflict negotiations, they need to understand how to serve in a collaborative rather than adversarial mode, to preserve and improve rather than sever relationships.
A Scalable Architecture for Monitoring and Visualizing Multicast Statistics

An understanding of certain network functions is critical for successful network management. Managers must have insight into network topology, protocol performance and fault detection/isolation. The ability to obtain suchin sight is even more critical when trying to support evolving technologies. Multicast is one example of a new network layer technology and is the focus of this paper. For multicast, the pace of change is rapid, modifications to routing mechanisms are frequent, and faults are common. In this paper we describe a tool, called Mantra, we have developed to monitor multicast. Mantra collects, analyzes, and visualizes network-layer (routing and topology) data about the global multicast infrastructure. The two most important functions of Mantra are: (1) monitoring multicast networks on a global scale; and (2) presenting results in the form of intuitive visualizations.
Nuclear Overhauser effect studies on the conformations of Mg(alpha,beta-methylene)ATP bound to Escherichia coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase.

Abstract Internuclear distances obtained from nuclear Overhauser effects were used in combination with a distance geometry algorithm to determine the conformation of Mg(alpha,beta-methylene)ATP bound to the Escherichia coli truncated methionyl-tRNA synthetase (delta MTS) both in the absence and presence of cognate and noncognate amino acids. Mg(alpha,beta-methylene)ATP, a nonhydrolyzable analog of ATP, was used to prevent hydrolysis of the nucleotide in the presence of either cognate or noncognate amino acids. Kinetic analysis showed that Mg(alpha,beta-methylene)ATP was a linear competitive inhibitor with respect to ATP in the ATP-pyrophosphate exchange reaction with a Ki = 1.2 mM. The pattern of internuclear Overhauser effects on Mg(alpha,beta-methylene)ATP bound to delta MTS was qualitatively consistent only with an anti glycosidic torsional angle, suggesting that the adenosine portion of the nucleotide is uniquely oriented in the binary enzyme-nucleotide complex. Nearly identical patterns of nuclear Overhauser effects were also observed in ternary complexes containing either cognate L-methionine or noncognate L-homocysteine amino acids. Distance geometry calculations permitted the range and conformational space of the allowed adenine-ribose glycosidic torsional angles in each of the complexes to be better defined and compared. Average adenine-ribose glycosidic torsional angles for enzyme-bound Mg(alpha,beta-methylene)ATP of -106 +/- 9 degrees, -99 +/- 11 degrees, and -97 +/- 11 degrees were determined for the delta MTS.Mg(alpha,beta-methylene)ATP, delta MTS.Mg(alpha,beta-methylene)ATP.L-methionine, and delta MTS.Mg(alpha,beta-methylene)ATP.L-homocysteine complexes, respectively. Comparison of the three enzyme-bound conformations showed that a single nucleotide structure having an adenine-ribose glycosidic torsional angle of -98 degrees with a 3'-endo to O4'-exo ribose sugar pucker was, within error, consistent with the experimental internuclear distances obtained in all three complexes. The nearly identical anti glycosidic torsional angles observed in all three complexes demonstrates that the conformation of the adenosine moiety of the enzyme-bound nucleotide is not sensitive to the presence or the nature of the amino acid bound at the aminoacyladenylate site. Therefore, conformational changes known to occur in the methionyl-tRNA synthetase upon ligand binding appear not to alter the bound conformation of the nucleotide. Information on the conformation and arrangement of substrates bound at the aminoacyladenylate site of delta MTS is necessary for understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in amino acid activation and discrimination.
Reaction of Peroxyacetyl Nitrate with Glutathione

Abstract Peroxyacetyl nitrate reacts with the sulfhydryl groups of reduced glutathione. Thioester formation accounts for as much as 50% of the reacted sulfhydryl groups. As much as 60% of the reacted sulfhydryl groups can be accounted for as oxidized glutathione. The stoichiometry of the reaction is approximately 3 moles of sulfhydryl reacting per mole of peroxyacetyl nitrate, and this stoichiometry is the same over the pH range from 4.0 to 8.6 in acetate, phosphate, and tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffers. Amino acid analyses of reduced and oxidized glutathione after treatment with peroxyacetyl nitrate show that cysteic acid is produced, but not in sufficient quantity to account for the decrease in cysine.
Knowledge and Lotteries

John Hawthorne's Knowledge and Lotteries is a rich and lively tour through a variety of issues in epistemology and related areas. It begins with a puzzle arising from our apparent inability to know that our lottery tickets are losers, argues that the puzzle extends well beyond its most familiar domain, and examines a set of possible resolutions. The book is interesting, original, provocative and engaging throughout, making valuable contributions on every topic it addresses. One cannot help but benefit from reading it. In this review I will summarize some of the central points and respond to a few of them.
Fabrication and Applications of Long-Range Ordered Au Nanodisk Arrays

Large-scale nanostructure arrays with spatial coherence are useful for many applications. Conventional nanofabrication techniques such as electron beam lithography and focused ion beam lithography are expensive and time-consuming. In this paper, long-range ordered Au nanodisk arrays were fabricated on glass substrates using nanosphere lithography (NSL) combined with reactive ion etching (RIE) techniques. The morphology and size distribution of the Au nanodisks were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The sensitivity of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the Au nanodisk arrays to change in the surroundings’ refractive index was evaluated by integrating the Au nanodisk arrays into microfluidic channels. The measured sensitivity was supported by discrete dipole approximation (DDA) calculations. Further, we designed and fabricated an all-optical plasmonic switch based on the Au nanodisk arrays and photoresponsive liquid crystals (LCs). The high-quality optical properties and high-degree spatial uniformity of the nanodisk arrays, together with simple, low-cost fabrication and easy integration with microfluidic system, suggest tremendous potential in using these nanostructures in many other applications, including biosensing and imaging, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and plasmonic tweezers.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Creep of a heat treated Mg–4Y–3RE alloy

Abstract Creep of WE43-T6 was characterized at temperatures ranging from 423 to 523 K and stresses ranging from to 30 to 300 MPa. Creep stress exponent as well as activation energy were measured. There appears to be a softening in creep strength at temperatures above 473 K. Also, the applied stress level affects the creep mechanism. Microstructures of the alloy both before and after creep were examined. Two kinds of precipitates, metastable β′ and stable β phases, were observed in the microstructure. These precipitates readily transform and coarsen during creep. Dislocation–precipitate interaction was quite extensive. Fracture surface revealed that there is a gradual transition from brittle to ductile mode as testing temperature increases. A comparison of the creep properties among the present alloy and other rare earth-containing alloys were made.
Equivalences and Contrasts of Thermo-Elasticity and Thermo-Viscoelasticity: A Comprehensive Critique

Similarities and differences between thermo-elasticity and thermo-viscoelas- ticity are critically examined and evaluated. Topics include, among others, constitutive relations, Poisson's ratio, energy dissipation, temperature effects on material properties, thermal expansions, loading histories, failure criteria, lifetimes, 1–D beams, torsion, columns, plates, motions in time of neutral axes and shear centers, computational issues, wave propagation, torsional divergence, control reversal, aerodynamic derivatives, flutter and experimental determinations of viscoelastic properties. The full, partial or no possible applications of the elastic/viscoelastic correspondence principle, including approximate approaches, are analyzed and discussed.
Equation of state from nuclear and astrophysical evidence.

Data on the nuclear equation of state from a number of different sources, from nuclei, high energy nuclear collisions, supernova, and neutron stars are analyzed. The current situation concerning supernova simulations is critically appraised. It is found that simulations that have achieved a prompt ejection do so with an equation of state that is too soft to support the measured masses of several known neutron stars. It is concluded that supernova explosions have not been proven to provide a significant constraint on the nuclear equation of state. Additionally it is concluded that the theoretical bias used to interpret data on neutron star masses as if they belonged to a population all having the same mass (of 1.4M/sub sun/) is unjustified. Evidence from the various nuclear data and neutron star masses favor a high compression modulus, Kapprox. =300 MeV. No definitive statement can be made about the equation of state at higher density, save that the neutron star equation of state must be moderately stiff to accommodate neutron stars of mass approx. =1.85M/sub sun/.
Fisheries and mangroves: US — Malaysian project

Abstract The University of Rhode Island (URI), USA, internationally known for its marine resource development and management studies, has undertaken the task of cooperating with three Malaysian universities in strengthening their responses to marine-related problems and opportunities.
APPLICATION of the WLF EQUATION to DESCRIBE the COMBINED EFFECTS of MOISTURE and TEMPERATURE ON NONENZYMATIC BROWNING RATES IN FOOD SYSTEMS

Nonenzymatic browning rates of several vegetables, dairy products and model food systems stored at different moisture contents and temperatures were analyzed and related to their glass transition temperature (Tg). the data analyzed corresponded to a region of moisture content in which effects due to reactant diffusion could be expected. As changes in diffusion constants may in turn, be related to glass transition, the Williams-Landel-Ferry (1955) (WLF) equation was used to describe the combined effects of moisture and temperature on the nonenzymatic browning rate constants. Ferry's (1980) procedure of reduced variables utilizing a reference temperature (T0) was applied, the T0 selected within the experimental range. In this procedure, the equation coefficients are calculated for the equation using T0. Then they are recalculated by shifting the selected reference temperature to Tg to obtain the coefficients with reference to Tg. the resulting equation can be applied to relate the browning rate constants to temperature, moisture and Tg. the equation has predictive value and the method avoids extrapolations when data at Tg are not available.
Extension of convex mappings of order α of the unit disk in C to convex mappings of the unit ball in Cn

Abstract For a convex mapping f of order α ∈ [ 0 , 1 ) of the unit disk in the complex plane C , we consider conditions on the parameter β ∈ [ 0 , 1 / 2 ] so that the mapping F ( z ) = ( f ( z 1 ) , [ f ′ ( z 1 ) ] β z ˆ ) , z ˆ = ( z 2 , … , z n ) , is a convex mapping of the Euclidean unit ball in C n .
Bounds on the forcing numbers of bipartite graphs

The forcing number of a perfect matching M of a graph G is the cardinality of the smallest subset of M that is contained in no other perfect matching of G. In this paper, we demonstrate several techniques to produce upper bounds on the forcing number of bipartite graphs. We present a simple method of showing that the maximum forcing number on the 2mx2n rectangle is mn, and show that the maximum forcing number on the 2mx2n torus is also mn. Further, we investigate the lower bounds on the forcing number and determine the conditions under which a previously formulated lower bound is sharp; we provide an example of a family of graphs for which it is arbitrarily weak.
Graphic language translation with a language independent processor

Since January 1963 when "Sketch Pad, A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System" by Ivan E. Sutherland was published as a Ph.D. Thesis at M.I.T., graphic displays on computers have been used for a variety of experimental and production purposes. The motivation behind the system described here, is to provide an interactive graphic input/output facility to a number of existing software systems. Our business, like many others, has developed over the past 10 years a number of sophisticated and complex "Computer Aided Design" systems. These systems include principally numerical control part programming systems and engineering design analysis systems. Although these systems have proven themselves to be a necessary part of the design, and manufacturing process, nevertheless preparing input and assimilating output is still a time consuming process for the users. The interactive display speeds up these processes. Its output is more meaningful, too, since pictures as well as numbers and text are used as communication media between the man and the machine.
Technology in mathematics education: A personal perspective

APPROPRIATE USE OF COMPUTERS AND CALCULATORS enhances the teaching and learning of mathematics. The interactive feature of these calculating devices serves as a catalyst for students to play an active role as they construct and test mathematical concepts. The author shares her experience and observations on implementing the application of computers and calculators in teaching and learning at all levels of the mathematics curriculum over a thirty year period.