cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Composite ganglioglioma and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor

Both ganglioglioma and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors are well-recognized glial-neuronal neoplasms associated with chronic epilepsy and cortical dysplasia (neuronal migration abnormalities). The exact relationship between these 2 glial-neuronal tumors continues to be debated. This article reports a case of a composite ganglioglioma and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor occurring in a 36-year-old woman in the left temporal lobe region. The resection histologically demonstrated distinct areas of ganglioglioma and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor. A focal area of cortical dysplasia is also identified. The MIB-1 labeling indexes in both components were low (<1% of tumor cell nuclei). The coexistence of these 2 lesions and cortical dysplasia suggest a possible etiologic relationship between these 2 tumors.
Population Trends in Northern Monkshood, Aconitum noveboracense, at Four Sample Intervals Over Fifteen Years

ABSTRACT: Aconitum noveboracense A. Gray ex Coville (northern monkshood) is a federally threatened plant species of the blue-flowered Aconitum section (Napellus) that occurs in Iowa, Wisconsin, Ohio, and New York, with most populations in Iowa. Monitoring of 12 populations in Iowa over a 15-year period showed substantial periodic variation in all population parameters, although less variation in adult density. Variation among sites was only detected for the proportion of quadrats with fruiting plants, and overall, adult and juvenile density. Our analysis provided a mixed view of the status of this species. On one hand, after a substantial decline between the 1994/95 and 2001/02 sample intervals, overall population density and density of each life stage increased and nearly recovered between the 2001/02 and 2004/05 sample intervals. Conversely, all our measures of reproduction - number of fruits/plant, proportion of quadrats with fruiting plants, number of fruits/node - indicated reduced vigor, as in the s...
Stochastic Approach to Scheduling Multiple Divisible Tasks on a Heterogeneous Distributed Computing System

Heterogeneity has been considered in scheduling, but without taking into account the temporal variation of completion times of the sub-tasks for a divisible, independent task. In this paper, the problem of scheduling multiple, divisible independent tasks on a heterogeneous distributed computing system are addressed. The "stochastic" approach, which was previously applied to DAG scheduling, is employed for scheduling a group of multiple divisible as well as whole independent tasks. It explicitly considers the standard deviations (temporal heterogeneity) in addition to the mean execution times in deriving a schedule, in order to model more closely what would actually happen "on average" on a temporally heterogeneous system (instead of approximating the random weights by their means only as in other approaches). Through an extensive computer simulation, it has been shown that the proposed approach can improve schedules significantly over those by a scheme which uses the average weights only.
CLASSICAL RATE OF UNIMOLECULAR ISOMERIZATION OF CYCLOBUTANONE

This paper presents calculations of the rate constant for the unimolecular isomerization of cyclobutanone using the theory of Gray and Rice as extended by Zhao and Rice. Such calculations are also carried out from classical trajectory and from local Lyapunov function analysis. The results of the calculations as a function of energy are compared, and the agreement is found to be uniformly good. The present approach is considered as a computationally feasible alternative to Davis' turnstile approach to the calculations of intramolecular energy transfer.
Forward multibeam mixing in diffusion-driven photorefractive media

Multibeam mixing in diffusion-driven media is presented as a diagnostic for the study of nonplane wave photorefractive interactions based on the premise that a complex wavefront can be analyzed as the superposition of many plane waves. Coupled-nonlinear differential equations which describe the interactions of the intensities as they couple through the medium are derived. These equations were numerically solved using a Runge-Kutta algorithm to gain insight as to how the beams interact in the medium. Three beam interactions was experimentally studied in BaTiO/sub 3/ at 514.5 nm to verify the analysis. Results indicate that phase aberrations affect intensity distributions in the enhanced beam. >
MENISCAL ALLOGRAFT TRANSPLANTATION

Meniscal allograft transplantation provides treatment options for patients with a meniscus-deficient knee with lifestyle-limiting symptoms in the absence of advanced degenerative changes. Meniscal transplantation helps to restore the native biomechanics of the involved knee, which may provide chondroprotective effects and restoring additional knee stability. Improvements in pain, function, and activity level have been seen in appropriately selected patients undergoing transplantation. Although various surgical implantation options exist, the majority focus on reproducing native attachments of the meniscal roots to allow near normal mechanics. Although meniscal transplantation may serve as a salvage procedure for symptomatic patients with a meniscus-deficient knee, it may prevent or delay the necessity of a more invasive arthroplasty procedure.
Synaptic and membrane properties of parasympathetic ganglionic neurons innervating mouse trachea and bronchi

The pathophysiology of airway diseases, such as asthma, is increasingly studied using transgenic mice and other mouse models of airway inflammation where allergen-induced changes in airway smooth muscle tone and mucous secretion is due, in part, to activation of preganglionic airway parasympathetic nerves. Ganglionic parasympathetic neurons located in the airways in several species, including humans, have anatomical and electrophysiological properties that limit transmission of preganglionic synaptic input. In this study, intracellular recordings were made from neurons in parasympathetic ganglia located on the trachea and bronchi of adult mice to determine electrophysiological properties associated with regulation of transmission of preganglionic input. Ganglionic neurons were characterized as having either tonic or phasic action potential accommodation patterns. Tonic neurons responded with repetitive action potentials sustained throughout a depolarizing current step, whereas phasic neurons generated one or a burst of action potential(s) and accommodated. A small subset displayed both patterns. Phasic neurons could be further differentiated as usually having either short- or long-duration afterhyperpolarizing potential following single and multiple action potentials. In most cells, stimulation of preganglionic nerves elicited one population of nicotinic fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials that were graded in amplitude, usually suprathreshold for action potential generation, and did not decrease in amplitude during higher frequency stimulation. Dye injection into the neurons revealed that dendrites were either absent or very short. These results provide evidence that in contrast to the characteristics of airway parasympathetic neurons reported in other species, including human, the electrophysiological and synaptic properties, and anatomical characteristics of mouse lower airway ganglionic neurons, are less associated with integration of presynaptic input.
Formation of Nitric Oxide–Derived Oxidants by Myeloperoxidase in Monocytes: Pathways for Monocyte-Mediated Protein Nitration and Lipid Peroxidation In Vivo

Abstract—Protein nitration and lipid peroxidation are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; however, neither the cellular mediators nor the reaction pathways for these events in vivo a...
Age-dependent relationships between multiple sexual pigments and condition in males and females

Author(s): Grunst, AS; Rotenberry, JT; Grunst, ML | Abstract: The reliability of sexual signaling may change across age classes due to shifts in resource allocation patterns. Two contrasting hypotheses exist regarding how the condition dependence of ornaments may shift with age, and both have received empirical support. On one hand, ornaments may more reliably reflect condition and quality in older individuals, because younger individuals of high quality invest in survival over signaling effort. On the other hand, the condition dependence of ornaments may decline with age, if older individuals in poor condition terminally invest in ornaments, or if resource constraints decline with age. Further, the expression and condition dependence of different ornaments may shift with age in unique ways, such that multifaceted sexual displays maintain reliable signaling across age classes. In yellow warblers (Setophaga petechia) of both sexes, we assessed how relationships between carotenoid-and phaeomelanin-based sexual pigmentation, prenesting body reserves, and condition at molt (reflected by growth bars and feather quality) vary across age classes. Melanin coverage correlated with condition at molt across age classes in males and showed high repeatability in both sexes. In contrast, carotenoid saturation increased longitudinally with age in males and correlated with condition at molt in different age classes in the 2 sexes. Specifically, carotenoid saturation correlated positively with condition at molt in younger, but not older males, whereas in females, the situation was reversed, with a positive correlation present only in older females. Results suggest that age-dependent signaling may promote maintenance of multifaceted sexual displays and that agedependent signaling dynamics depend on sex. © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology. All rights reserved.
Identifying and Characterizing the Effects of Nutrition on Hippocampal Memory

In this review we provide evidence linking relational memory to the hippocampus, as well as examples of sensitive relational memory tasks that may help characterize the subtle effects of nutrition on learning and memory. Research into dietary effects on cognition is in its nascent stages, and many studies have cast a wide net with respect to areas of cognition to investigate. However, it may be that nutrition will have a disproportionate effect on particular cognitive domains. Thus, researchers interested in nutrition-cognition interactions may wish to apply a more targeted approach when selecting cognitive domains. We suggest that hippocampus-based relational memory may be extraordinarily sensitive to the effects of nutrition. The hippocampus shows unique plastic capabilities, making its structure and function responsive to an array of lifestyle factors and environmental conditions, including dietary intake. A major function of the hippocampus is relational memory, defined as learning and memory for the constituent elements and facts that comprise events. Here we identify several sensitive tests of relational memory that may be used to examine what may be subtle effects of nutrition on hippocampus and memory. We then turn to the literature on aerobic exercise and cognition to provide examples of translational research programs that have successfully applied this targeted approach centering on the hippocampus and sensitive relational memory tools. Finally, we discuss selected findings from animal and human research on nutrition and the hippocampus and advocate for the role of relational memory tasks in future research.
Dysgenesis of the Corpus Callosum

The corpus callosum is the largest commissure connecting the neopallial cortex of the cerebral hemispheres. It occupies about 11% of the supratentorial neural tissue and constitutes an important mode of cross-talk between the cerebral hemispheres. Its defective development results in a variable degree of neurologic dysfunction that often is difficult to detect clinically without sophisticated neuropsychiatric testing. Reil has been credited with first describing dysgenesis of the corpus callosum (DCC) in 1912. However, the earliest comprehensive review of the subject was provided by Bruce in 1899. Since then considerable literature has accumulated on the clinical, pathologic and radiologic aspects of this congenital malformation. Because some fiber tracts of the corpus callosum are present in all cases, the term “dysgenesis” is preferable to “agenesis.” Imperfect development may involve different portions of the corpus callosum; partial dysgenesis commonly (about 70%) occurs posteriorly.
Ethical Rationale for the Ebola “Ring Vaccination” Trial Design

The 2014 Ebola virus epidemic is the largest and most severe ever recorded. With no approved vaccines or specific treatments for Ebola, clinical trials were launched within months of the epidemic in an unprecedented show of global partnership. One of these trials used a highly innovative "ring vaccination" design. The design was chosen for operational, scientific, and ethical reasons--in particular, it was regarded as ethically superior to individually randomized placebo-controlled trials. We scrutinize the ethical rationale for the ring vaccination design. We argue that the ring vaccination design is ethical but fundamentally equivalent to placebo-controlled designs with respect to withholding a potentially effective intervention from the control group. We discuss the implications for the ongoing ring vaccination trial and future research.
Accurate predictions of iron redox state in silicate glasses: A multivariate approach using X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Pre-edge features in the K absorption edge of X-ray absorption spectra are commonly used to predict Fe3+ valence state in silicate glasses. However, this study shows that using the entire spectral region from the pre-edge into the extended X-ray absorption fine-structure region provides more accurate results when combined with multivariate analysis techniques. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) regression technique yields %Fe3+ values that are accurate to ±3.6% absolute when the full spectral region is employed. This method can be used across a broad range of glass compositions, is easily automated, and is demonstrated to yield accurate results from different synchrotrons. It will enable future studies involving X-ray mapping of redox gradients on standard thin sections at 1 × 1 μm pixel sizes.
Beyond working hours: part I. Genesis and current difficulties.

Summary:The roots of the working hours mandate and controversy are outlined, the effect on resident education is described, and the service versus education equation is defined.
UNDERSTANDING ISOLATOR PERFORMANCE OPERATING IN THE SEPARATION-SHOCK MODE

W = width of isolator duct, in. δ = boundary layer thickness, in. Isolators, also called supersonic diffusers, are a required component of airbreathing scramjet engines and are used to isolate the precombustion pressure rise generated by the combustion process from the supersonic inlet compression. At high inflow Mach number or for isolators with high aspect ratio, the separation shock mode of operation has been observed, which is characterized by strong three-dimensional effects and long duct length requirements to contain a specified pressure rise. In the present paper, the effects of inflow Mach number and aspect ratio on isolator operating characteristics are calculated for rectangular isolators. The results show that the dominant flow feature is a corner flow separation that exists at all inflow Mach numbers and aspects ratios considered. The 3D flow variations are seen to become stronger with both increasing inflow Mach number and aspect ratio.
Generalized Pauli conditions on the spectra of one-electron reduced density matrices of atoms and molecules

The Pauli exclusion principle requires the spectrum of the occupation numbers of the one-electron reduced density matrix (1-RDM) to be bounded by one and zero. However, for a 1-RDM from a wave function, there exist additional conditions on the spectrum of occupation numbers, known as pure $N$-representability conditions or generalized Pauli conditions. For atoms and molecules, we measure through a Euclidean-distance metric the proximity of the 1-RDM spectrum to the facets of the convex set (polytope) generated by the generalized Pauli conditions. For the ground state of any spin symmetry, as long as time-reversal symmetry is considered in the definition of the polytope, we find that the 1-RDM's spectrum is pinned to the boundary of the polytope. In contrast, for excited states, we find that the 1-RDM spectrum is not pinned. Proximity of the 1-RDM to the boundary of the polytope provides a measurement and classification of electron correlation and entanglement within the quantum system. For comparison, this distance to the boundary of the generalized Pauli conditions is also compared to the distance to the polytope of the traditional Pauli conditions, and the distance to the nearest 1-RDM spectrum from a Slater determinant. We explain the difference in pinning in the ground- and excited-state 1-RDMs through a connection to the $N$-representability conditions of the two-electron reduced density matrix.
Inertia Devices Fault Prediction Based on Multiwavelet Energy Spectrum and Support Vector Machine

To improve fault predicting precision,the signal energy spectrum in multi-wavelet domain was used as fault diagnosis characteristics,support vector machine (SVM) was used for fault prediction of inertia devices of missile. With the distance evaluation technique,the sub-filed with optimal features was obtained. The optimal features were input into the SVM to identify different fault cases. The experimental results show that the fault predicting precision is improved by the proposed method.
Biopsy of lesions of the male genitourinary tract.

Endourology is as integral a part of biopsy and diagnosis of the genitourinary tract as are open surgical procedures. A variety of minimally invasive techniques are available for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This article details percutaneous, endoscopic, laparoscopic, and open surgical procedures as they relate to male genitourinary pathology.
Identification of mRNA for endocannabinoid biosynthetic enzymes within hippocampal pyramidal cells and CA1 stratum radiatum interneuron subtypes using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction

The hippocampus is required for short-term memory and contains both excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons. These cells exhibit various forms of synaptic plasticity, the mechanism underlying learning and memory. More recently, endocannabinoids were identified to be involved in synaptic plasticity. Our goal was to describe the distribution of endocannabinoid biosynthetic enzymes within CA1 stratum radiatum interneurons and CA3/CA1 pyramidal cells. We extracted mRNA from single interneurons and pyramidal cells and used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the presence of 12-lipoxygenase, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D, diacylglycerol lipase α, and type I metabotropic glutamate receptors, all known to be involved in endocannabinoid production and plasticity. We observed that the expression of endocannabinoid biosynthetic enzyme mRNA does occur within interneurons and that it is coexpressed with type I metabotropic glutamate receptors, suggesting interneurons have the potential to produce endocannabinoids. We also identified that CA3 and CA1 pyramidal cells express endocannabinoid biosynthetic enzyme mRNA. Our data provide the first molecular biological evidence for putative endocannabinoid production in interneurons, suggesting their potential ability to regulate endocannabinoid-mediated processes, such as synaptic plasticity.
MicroRNA-146a constrains intestinal immunity and increases susceptibility to DSS colitis (MUC8P.732)

MicroRNA-146a (miR-146a) regulates multiple immunological processes via downregulation of proinflammatory pathways, and its loss or decreased expression often results in adverse chronic inflammatory phenotypes in mammals. Although miR-146a has been well studied in systemic compartments of the immune system, its role in intestinal immunity is not well understood. We have found that miR-146a is expressed in a variety of gut tissues, including the colon and small intestine. Further, we demonstrate that this miRNA represses a subset of intestinal barrier genes that include members of the Reg3 and Mucin families, adhesion molecules, IFN response genes, immunoregulatory enzymes, and cytokines, all within a network of immune-related signaling pathways that include NF-κB and Stat signaling. Moreover, miR-146a restricts the expansion of Tfh cells and GC B cells, which decreases the production of luminal IgA, in addition to reducing Th17 and Treg populations within the intestines. Consistent with an altered intestinal barrier, we observe shifts in communities of the fecal microbiota upon loss of miR-146a. Finally, we demonstrate that miR-146a-/- mice (which have a heightened barrier) are resistant to DSS-induced colitis, and find that miR-146a is elevated in colons of human IBD patients. Taken together, our data describe a role for miR-146a in constraining intestinal barrier function and find that this is consequential in the setting of intestinal diseases.
Effects of Vocal and Instrumental Music on Running

This study tested the effects of listening to fast vocal music, fast instrumental music, and no music on nine runners’ distance, average speed, average and maximum heart rate, stride length, and pe...
Generic Substitutions for Antiepileptic Drugs

The hazards and problems of generic substitutions for antiepileptic drugs are reviewed in a Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.
Time-ordered events CPU reliability assessment

IC product use conditions (UCs) are needed to enable accurate reliability modeling in the context of knowledge-based qualification. We describe a method of use condition development which is based on the sequence of user foreground events from field surveys. Events are converted to temperature and voltage use condition traces accounting for lab data on representative workloads and thermal modeling. The temperature and voltage data are paired for client CPU UC data and used to estimate the reliability risks for both silicon and thermo-mechanical failure mechanisms. The new approach are validated using field consumer data. We also describe the future work needed on how to account for concurrent events and the implications on TOE methodology.
Resonant converter with current controlled inductances

This paper presents an improved multi-channel high frequency platform operating at 700 kHz, suitable for server power supplies. It is focused on a new primary regulation loop and very high frequency magnetics for improved efficiency and EMI. In particular the benefits of multiple gapped toroids and the new single layer uniform toroidal transformer are addressed.
The Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow (HeRO) Graft

In this chapter, the patient population, selection, and strategic planning around the use of the HeRO graft, as well as the technical considerations, potential pitfalls, complications, and outcomes associated with the device, are discussed.
Sustained Cortical and Subcortical Measures of Auditory and Visual Plasticity following Short-Term Perceptual Learning

Short-term training can lead to improvements in behavioral discrimination of auditory and visual stimuli, as well as enhanced EEG responses to those stimuli. In the auditory domain, fluency with tonal languages and musical training has been associated with long-term cortical and subcortical plasticity, but less is known about the effects of shorter-term training. This study combined electroencephalography (EEG) and behavioral measures to investigate short-term learning and neural plasticity in both auditory and visual domains. Forty adult participants were divided into four groups. Three groups trained on one of three tasks, involving discrimination of auditory fundamental frequency (F0), auditory amplitude modulation rate (AM), or visual orientation (VIS). The fourth (control) group received no training. Pre- and post-training tests, as well as retention tests 30 days after training, involved behavioral discrimination thresholds, steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEP) to the flicker frequencies of visual stimuli, and auditory envelope-following responses simultaneously evoked and measured in response to rapid stimulus F0 (EFR), thought to reflect subcortical generators, and slow amplitude modulation (ASSR), thought to reflect cortical generators. Enhancement of the ASSR was observed in both auditory-trained groups, not specific to the AM-trained group, whereas enhancement of the SSVEP was found only in the visually-trained group. No evidence was found for changes in the EFR. The results suggest that some aspects of neural plasticity can develop rapidly and may generalize across tasks but not across modalities. Behaviorally, the pattern of learning was complex, with significant cross-task and cross-modal learning effects.
Ultrasonic Communications Through a Reinforced Concrete Column

Measurements were obtained by sending high frequency acoustic waves through a reinforced concrete column. Past work involved through-wall digital communications and power delivery through metallic barriers; this paper extends that work to a reinforced concrete column. A pair of 35 mm diameter circular transducers with a thickness of 10 mm (corresponding to a resonance of 200 kHz) were epoxied to opposite sides of a 0.7 m thick reinforced concrete column. A vector network analyzer (VNA) obtained the characteristics of the acoustic channel formed between the two sensors. A voltage transfer function for this channel was found in the range of 30 kHz – 150 kHz. Although this transfer function shows a significant amount of frequency selectivity, i.e. variation with frequency, resulting from the multipath created by the acoustic energy interacting with the complex structure of column (rebar, aggregate, voids) and its surfaces, the channel is seen to be capable of supporting data transmission. The magnitude of the transfer function is seen to be highest in the region 40 kHz – 70 kHz with its theoretical capacity to be approximately 400 kbits/s for a received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 60 dB. Lower SNR’s would still be able to provide data rates well in excess of 50 kbits/s, permitting the passing of low frequency data across the concrete column.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Ambient STM study of sequentially adsorbed octanethiol and biphenylthiol monolayers on Au(111)

Abstract The mixed monolayers of biphenyl-4-thiol (BPT) and octanethiol (OT) are studied at the molecular level using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in ambient conditions and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on Au(111). The effect of both the sequence of deposition, and the concentration of the BPT solution used is investigated. We observe signs of coexisting domains in the form of disordered patches surrounding flat patches when a 100 μM solution of BPT is used. This observation holds for both OT being deposited first, and BPT being deposited first. The most clear formation of coexisting domains occurs when an OT monolayer is immersed in a 100 μM solution of BPT. The XP spectra reveal a shift in the C 1s signal of the monolayers that is unique to what films are deposited on the surface. These data demonstrate the importance characterizing mixed self-assembled monolayers that form final monolayer structures unique to each mixture.
Association of serum microRNAs with islet autoimmunity, disease progression and metabolic impairment in relatives at risk of type 1 diabetes.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression and novel biomarkers for many diseases. We investigated the hypothesis that serum levels of some miRNAs would be associated with islet autoimmunity and/or progression to type 1 diabetes. We measured levels of 93 miRNAs most commonly detected in serum. This retrospective cohort study included 150 autoantibody-positive and 150 autoantibody-negative family-matched siblings enrolled in the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study. This was a young cohort (mean age = 11 years), and most autoantibody-positive relatives were at high risk because they had multiple autoantibodies, with 39/150 (26%, progressors) developing type 1 diabetes within an average 8.7 months of follow-up. We analysed miRNA levels in relation to autoantibody status, future development of diabetes and OGTT C-peptide and glucose indices of disease progression. Fifteen miRNAs were differentially expressed when comparing autoantibody-positive/negative siblings (range −2.5 to 1.3-fold). But receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated low specificity and sensitivity. Seven additional miRNAs were differentially expressed among autoantibody-positive relatives according to disease progression; ROC returned significant AUC values and identified miRNA cut-off levels associated with an increased risk of disease in both cross-sectional and survival analyses. Levels of several miRNAs showed significant correlations (r values range 0.22–0.55) with OGTT outcomes. miR-21-3p, miR-29a-3p and miR-424-5p had the most robust associations. Serum levels of selected miRNAs are associated with disease progression and confer additional risk of the development of type 1 diabetes in young autoantibody-positive relatives. Further studies, including longitudinal assessments, are warranted to further define miRNA biomarkers for prediction of disease risk and progression.
Regulation of protein synthesis by modulation of intracellular calcium in rat liver

The rate of protein synthesis can be modulated in intact cells by varying the concentration and subcellular distribution of intracellular calcium. Because the biochemical reactions required for the...
Computationally efficient scene categorization in complex dynamic environments

The Army operates in complex, dynamic environments, without a priori information, at operationaltempos. Accurate state estimation requires an understanding of the dynamic elements in the scene. We propose a computationally efficient method for object classification in a dynamic scene suitable for a mobile platform. Certain phenomena of interest, such as trees waving or people walking produce repeatable and recognizable patterns when represented by an optic flow vector field. These patterns are invariant to a mobile observer’s viewpoint. In this paper, we identify such patterns and demonstrate a computationally efficient framework to differentiate between dynamic and static background elements, mobile agents and ego-motion produced by the platform. This provides two significant benefits. The first being that when navigating through a dynamic environment, it is useful to have an understanding of the nature of the obstacles encountered, which may be used to determine which disturbances are benign and which ought to be avoided, without requiring burdensome analysis. The second is that by identifying which elements of the flow field are not due to egomotion, they can be removed from visual odometry calculations, allowing for robust state estimation in highly dynamic, army relevant environments. We offer experimental validation of the proposed methodology through a comparison of our classifier against ground truth and several other algorithms.
Irreversible Electroporation of Lung Tumors

Lung and bronchial cancer has the second highest incidence of new diagnosis in cancer patients and is the cause of the largest number of patient deaths due to cancer in the last decade. In addition to primary disease, lung is a common site for metastatic disease from colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma [1]. Partial (lobectomy) or complete resection of the lung remains the gold standard for treating this disease. However, surgery reduces lung capacity and results in significant reduction in quality of life in the postsurgical setting. Image-guided ablation is a suitable alternative to patients for whom surgery is contraindicated as this treatment approach can preserve lung volume and function and allow re-treatment in case of recurrent or metachronous disease. Ablation can be performed as a same day discharge procedure with minimal loss of lung function. When used as palliation, ablation will not impact quality of life associated with recovery from a surgical procedure. Unlike surgery, chemotherapy need not be interrupted, and image-guided therapy may also support treatment at earlier time points while avoiding risk of undesirable symptoms. Finally, ablation presents a lower technical burden to physicians and resource limited hospitals and therefore may be well suited for wider use. Ablation techniques that induce significant alterations in temperature of the targeted tissue are currently used to treat tumors in the lung. Such thermal ablation techniques pose certain efficacy limitations and risks that necessitate investigation of alternate ablation therapies for use in the lung. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has the potential to overcome these limitations and serve as an important option for treatment of primary and metastatic disease in the lung.
Impulsive dispositions and alcohol: what we know, how we know it, and where to go from here

Relations between impulsigenic traits and alcohol-related outcomes have been the focus of much research, yet precise relations remain elusive. Historically, research used broadband conceptualizations of impulsivity, which yielded inconclusive findings. Attempts to ameliorate this problem led to more work on narrowband assessments of impulsivity. Despite that several narrowband self-report measures exist, few demonstrate adequate psychometric properties. Given the limits of self-report, researchers have also utilized laboratory-based measures of impulsive dispositions; however, this seems to have contributed more uncertainty to the literature. We review commonly used self-report and laboratory-based measures of narrowband impulsivity, as well as assessments of alcohol-related constructs (e.g., consumption and consequences). We discuss remaining issues in impulsivity and alcohol assessment, which limit understanding of how impulsigenic traits influence alcohol-related behaviors. Cutting-edge conceptualizations and assessment of state-level impulsivity are also discussed. More work is necessary to further this area of research, including establishing consistent nomenclature and a cohesive conceptualization of impulsigenic traits as they relate to alcohol use and alcohol use disorders.
Monocyte HLA-DR Antigen Expression: Its Reproducibility in Asymptomatic Volunteers and Correlation with Clinical Infection

Trauma victims are an immunodepressed group of patients at high risk for infection because many facets of the immune response are depressed following severe injury [1–3]. These include delayed hypersensitivity [4], immunoglobulin production [5], and serum opsonic capacity [6], in addition to macrophage, lymphocyte, and neutrophil function [7, 8].
LINGUISTIC THEORY AND LITERARY CRITICISM: THE RHYTHMS OF ENGLISH POETRY REVISITED

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses linguistic theory and literary criticism. The theory of rhythms of english (REP) derives the two major types of English versification from the same rhythmic base. Strong-stress verse, which does not observe a syllable count, tends to favor the stress-based tendency in the rhythm of spoken English, whereas accentual-syllabic verse, giving more weight to syllabic rhythm, determines the number of syllables in the line as well; both types, however, involve the realization of the same underlying rhythms in a stretch of language. Thus, unlike most other theories of meter, REP captures the range of English verse-forms, from strict accentual-syllabic at one extreme to free strong-stress at the other, without imposing artificial divisions within this range. The additional constraints on accentual-syllabic verse are formalized as conditions that maintain the syllable count by insisting on the rectification of any mismatch between the number of syllables and the number of beats/offbeats.
Maize Stem Tissues: Impact of Development on Cell Wall Degradability

Grass degradability declines as cell wall and lignin concentrations increase during maturation. The role of tissue development and lignification in decline of stem degradability was examined in maize (Zea mays L.) internodes sampled at 10 stages of growth from early elongation through plant physiological maturity. The fourth elongated internode above ground level was collected from three maize hybrids grown in a 2-yr, replicated field trial at St. Paul, MN. Internode cross-sections and ground samples were incubated in vitro for 24- and 96-h with rumen microbes. Tissue degradation was examined by light microscopy and degradability of cell wall polysaccharide components from ground internodes was determined. All tissues in elongating internodes were completely degradable except for protoxylem vessels, which was the only lignified tissue. After elongation, degradability of all tissues declined markedly except for phloem, which never lignified. Tissues with thick, lignified secondary walls (sclerenchyma and rindregion parenchyma) required longer incubation times for observable degradation. Cell wall polysaccharide components were highly degradable in immature internodes, but degradability declined after elongation and reached a minimum by Sampling Date 8, with glucose and xylose residues having the greatest reductions in degradability. Cell wall polysaccharide degradation was related to lignin concentration and ferulate cross-linking in a complex manner.
Mechanism of calmodulin inactivation of the calcium-selective TRP channel TRPV6

Calcium (Ca2+) plays a major role in numerous physiological processes. Ca2+ homeostasis is tightly controlled by ion channels, the aberrant regulation of which results in various diseases including cancers. Calmodulin (CaM)-mediated Ca2+-induced inactivation is an ion channel regulatory mechanism that protects cells against the toxic effects of Ca2+ overload. We used cryo-electron microscopy to capture the epithelial calcium channel TRPV6 (transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 6) inactivated by CaM. The TRPV6-CaM complex exhibits 1:1 stoichiometry; one TRPV6 tetramer binds both CaM lobes, which adopt a distinct head-to-tail arrangement. The CaM carboxyl-terminal lobe plugs the channel through a unique cation-π interaction by inserting the side chain of lysine K115 into a tetra-tryptophan cage at the pore's intracellular entrance. We propose a mechanism of CaM-mediated Ca2+-induced inactivation that can be explored for therapeutic design.
Abstract 1221: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia risk variants are associated with alteration of epigenetic states in regulatory regions

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia risk variants are associated with alteration of epigenetic state in regulatory regions The vast majority of disease-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) reside in noncoding genomic regions. Functional impact of noncoding casual variants on target gene expression often involves regulatory mechanisms, typically through altering local chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, transcription factor (TF) binding affinity and chromatin interactions. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we and others have identified 41 GWAS risk variants, whose mechanism of action in CLL etiology remains largely unknown. In this study, we aim to decipher the regulatory potential of these variants and to better understand the mechanisms contributing to dysregulation of genes implicated in CLL pathogenesis. We performed ChIP-seq for H3K4me3, H3K4me1, H3K27ac and H3K27me3 in CLL. In addition, we also analyzed over 250 public ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, DNase-seq, FAIRE-seq, and chromatin interaction data in CLL, B cells and/or lymphoblastoid cell lines. Comparing the 41 index SNPs and the nearby SNPs they associated with in linkage disequilibrium (R2 at least 0.5 in the EUR ethnic group in 1000 Genomes Project) to the above epigenetic data sets revealed overlaps with regulatory regions in 38 of the risk loci, with 28 of the loci overlapping super-enhancers. We used two approaches to elucidate the mechanisms of potential SNP causality. First, we used GATK UnifiedGenotyper to infer genotype for the SNPs that overlapped open chromatin regions and ChIP-seq peaks, by which evidence of imbalance between reference and alternative allele was identified at heterozygous sites. Second, for SNPs located within open chromatin regions or ChIP-seq peaks, we used FIMO program to scan the 100bp sequences centered on the SNPs for significant matches (p=1e-05) to the position weight matrices in five TF binding motif databases; SNPs that had TF motifs altered by the alternative alleles were retained. Together, these two approaches revealed evidence for allele imbalance or TF binding motif alterations at 36 of the 38 CLL risk loci, suggesting the generality of epigenetic regulation in CLL pathogenesis. Further analysis of chromatin interaction, gene expression and expression quantitative trait loci data will likely link the casual SNPs to their target genes. Citation Format: Huihuang Yan, Shulan Tian, Geffen Kleinstern, Susan Slager. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia risk variants are associated with alteration of epigenetic states in regulatory regions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1221.
Human Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Kidney Model for Nephrotoxicity Studies

Current in vitro models for identifying nephrotoxins are poorly predictive. We differentiated human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into three-dimensional, multicellular structures containing proximal tubule cells (PTCs) and podocytes and evaluated them as a platform for predicting nephrotoxicity. The PTCs showed megalin-dependent, cubilin-mediated endocytosis of fluorescently labeled dextran and active gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase enzymes. Transporters from both the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and the solute carrier (SLC) families were present at physiological levels in the differentiated cells, but important renal transporters such as organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1), OAT3, and organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) were present only at lower levels. Radioactive uptake studies confirmed the functional activity of organic cation transporter, novel, type 2 (OCTN2), organic anion transporter polypeptide 4C1 (OATP4C1), and OCTs/multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs). When treated with 10 pharmacologic agents as a test of the platform, the known nephrotoxic compounds were distinguished from the more benign compounds by an increase in tubular (PTC, kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)) and glomerular (nephrin [NPHS1]/Wilms tumor protein [WT1]) markers associated with nephrotoxicity, and we were able to distinguish the type of nephrotoxin by examining the relative levels of these markers. Given the functions demonstrated and with improved expression of key renal transporters, this hPSC-derived in vitro kidney model shows promise as a platform for detection of mechanistically different nephrotoxins.
Long-Term Neurodevelopment of Low-Birthweight, Preterm Infants with Patent Ductus Arteriosus.

Objective To evaluate whether the presence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants worsens long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. Study design This was a secondary observational analysis of data from 1090 preterm low-birthweight infants in the Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP), a multicenter longitudinal cohort study of outcomes assessed from 3 to 18 years of age. Multivariable analysis was adjusted for IHDP treatment group (intervention or follow-up), birth weight, maternal race, maternal education, infant sex, maternal preconception weight, Home Observation Measurement of the Environment (HOME) total score at 12 months, neonatal health index, and gestational age. Results Of the 1090 patients (49% male) included in the analysis, 135 had a PDA. Mean birth weight (1322 g vs 1871 g; P Conclusions The presence of a PDA in moderately preterm, low-birthweight infants does not impact long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.
An Empirical Analysis of Popular Press Claims Regarding Linguistic Change in President Donald J. Trump.

Linguistic features of a person’s speech can change over time. It has been proposed that characteristics in the speech of President Donald J. Trump (DJT) have changed across time, though this claim has been based on subjective and anecdotal reports. A previous study of speech by Presidents of the United States identified an increase in the use of conversational fillers and non-specific nouns, and lower unique word counts, in the speech of President Ronald W. Reagan over seven years, but not in the speech of President George H.W. Bush. To empirically test claims of a systematic change in speech by DJT, we applied the same analysis by transcribing and analyzing publicly available Fox News interviews with DJT between 2011 and 2017. A regression analysis revealed a significant increase in the use of filler words by DJT over time. There was no significant change in numbers of unique words. The observed rise in filler words was significantly greater than filler-word change in President George H.W. Bush, and was not significantly different from the rise previously found in the speech of President Reagan. Identifying the reason for this linguistic change is not possible from speech samples alone, and the variables index linguistic change rather than being validated measures of change in cognitive ability. Nonetheless, features of the data such as the trajectory starting years before announcement of candidacy rule-out several potential explanations. To summarize, we find statistical evidence to support suggestions that speech by DJT has changed over time.
When Prevention is Not Enough: Students’ Perception of Bullying and School-Wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports:

Bullying continues to be a major concern in U.S. schools and is the focus of myriad prevention and intervention efforts. Researchers have recently cited school-wide positive behavior interventions ...
Fracture energy estimates from large-scale laboratory earthquakes

Abstract The dynamics of fault ruptures in natural and laboratory earthquakes is governed by a balance of released elastic energy and dissipated local fracture energy. The latter is the result of various friction weakening processes occurring at the fault and is thus often estimated indirectly and from small-scale friction experiments. We analyze high-frequency strain measurements from large-scale laboratory earthquakes with gages positioned slightly away from a granite fault. The strain measurements present rapid fluctuations during fault rupture propagation, as was also observed in other experiments. Characteristics of these strain fluctuations are compared with fracture mechanics theory to estimate local fault properties. We determine fracture energy for secondary rupture fronts, which appear behind the main front where local slip occurred already. Measured fracture energy is consistent with indirect estimates from rupture termination in independent experiments but is orders of magnitude lower than reported values from rotary shear friction experiments, which may be due to large differences in overall slip.