cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gal80 Dimerization and the Yeast GAL Gene Switch

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gal80 protein has two binding partners: Gal4 and Gal3. In the absence of galactose, Gal80 binds to and inhibits the transcriptional activation domain (AD) of the GAL gene activator, Gal4, preventing GAL gene expression. Galactose triggers an association between Gal3 and Gal80, relieving Gal80 inhibition of Gal4. We selected for GAL80 mutants with impaired capacity of Gal80 to bind to Gal3 or Gal4AD. Most Gal80 variants selected for impaired binding to Gal4AD retained their capacity to bind to Gal3 and to self-associate, whereas most of those selected for impaired binding to Gal3 lost their ability to bind to Gal4AD and self-associate. Thus, some Gal80 amino acids are determinants for both the Gal80-Gal3 association and the Gal80 self-association, and Gal80 self-association may be required for binding to Gal4AD. We propose that the binding of Gal3 to the Gal80 monomer competes with Gal80 self-association, reducing the amount of the Gal80 dimer available for inhibition of Gal4.
Third Places and the Social Life of Streets

Urban sociologist Ray Oldenburg defines a third place as a place of refuge other than the home or workplace where people can regularly visit and commune with friends, neighbors, coworkers, and even strangers. Because little is known about the place-based physical qualities of third places that support sociability and place attachment, this article examines how four urban design characteristics distinguish third-place businesses from other businesses on the Main Street. The article discusses a study conducted at Main Streets in two cities and one town in Massachusetts. As part of the study, visual surveys measured urban design qualities of businesses on the Main Streets, and interviews helped determine user perceptions. The findings suggest that third places are relatively high in both personalization (distinctiveness, recognizability) and permeability to the street, but seating and shelter provisions are perhaps the most crucial urban design characteristics that contribute to sociability on the Main Street.
All in a Day's Work: What's a Reference Librarian to Do?

Summary Although reference librarians today have much in common with yesterday's counterparts, their days are much more hectic. Technological advances, changes in law and society, demands from a diverse group of library users, and an increased workload make time and stress management important issues to explore. This article examines reference librarianship in the academic environment, discusses how reference librarianship has changed, and offers suggestions on coping with the stresses those changes have caused.
The essence and efficiency limits of bulk-heterostructure organic solar cells: A polymer-to-panel perspective

Bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaic (BHJ-OPV) technology promises high efficiency at ultralow cost and weight, with potential for nontraditional applications such as building-integrated photovoltaic (PV). There is a widespread presumption that the complexity of morphology makes carrier transport in OPV irreducibly complicated and, possibly, beyond predictive modeling. However, understanding the complex morphology is important because it not only dictates cell efficiency but also the panel performance and the operating lifetime. In this paper, we derive the fundamental thermodynamic as well as morphology-specific practical limits of BHJ-OPV efficiency and lifetime. We find that performance improvement relies not only on morphology engineering but also on increasing the effective mobility–lifetime (μτ) product, the cross-gap between donor/acceptors, and reducing the series resistance. Even if the OPV fails to achieve the highest efficiency anticipated by the thermodynamic limit, its novel form factor, lightweight, and transparency can make it a commercially viable option for many applications.
Molecular Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Single‐Site Zeolite‐Supported Rhodium Complex for Acetylene Cyclotrimerization

By anchoring metal complexes to supports, researchers have attempted to combine the high activity and selectivity of molecular homogeneous catalysis with the ease of separation and lack of corrosion of heterogeneous catalysis. However, the intrinsic nonuniformity of supports has limited attempts to make supported catalysts truly uniform. We report the synthesis and performance of such a catalyst, made from [Rh(C{sub 2}H{sub 4}){sub 2}(CH{sub 3}COCHCOCH{sub 3})] and a crystalline support, dealuminated Y zeolite, giving {l_brace}Rh(C{sub 2}H{sub 4}){sub 2}{r_brace} groups anchored by bonds to two zeolite oxygen ions, with the structure determined by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and the uniformity of the supported complex demonstrated by {sup 13}C NMR spectroscopy. When the ethylene ligands are replaced by acetylene, catalytic cyclotrimerization to benzene ensues. Characterizing the working catalyst, we observed evidence of intermediates in the catalytic cycle by NMR spectroscopy. Calculations at the level of density functional theory confirmed the structure of the as-synthesized supported metal complex determined by EXAFS spectroscopy. With this structure as an anchor, we used the computational results to elucidate the catalytic cycle (including transition states), finding results in agreement with the NMR spectra.
Feature-Rich Statistical Translation of Noun Phrases

We define noun phrase translation as a subtask of machine translation. This enables us to build a dedicated noun phrase translation subsystem that improves over the currently best general statistical machine translation methods by incorporating special modeling and special features. We achieved 65.5% translation accuracy in a German-English translation task vs. 53.2% with IBM Model 4.
Murine Tooth Organ Transplantation after in vitro Culture

Molar tooth organs were transplanted from fetal and neonatal mouse donors as well as from cap-stage molar tooth organs following ten days of in vitro culture. Tooth organs from neonatal donors appeared to develop better than those from fetal donors in syngeneic recipients. Cultured allogeneic molar tooth organs appeared to survive longer than uncultured controls.
Preliminary results for an operational definition and methodology for predicting large vocabulary DUR confusability from phonetic transcriptions

The inherent complexity of a vocabulary for discrete-utterance recognition (DUR) is qualitatively easy to surmise when the vocabulary size is small. For large vocabularies a quantifying methodology is needed. We propose an operational definition and methodology for empirically deriving a measure of confusability based only on phonetic transcriptions. There are five components - 1) an appropriate (for DUR) set of alphaphonetics and a transcription data-base and methodology, 2) a phonemic distance metric, 3) a mechanism for aligning transcriptions, 4) an utterance-level, pairwise-confusion metric, and 6) a vocabulary confusion measure. These five facets are briefly described, and preliminary results for the first 700 words of the Brown Corpus are presented.
A quasi-optical amplifier

A quasi-optical amplifier suitable for Gaussian-beam applications is presented. The amplifier is based on the integrated horn antenna and uses polarization duplexing to isolate the output beam from the input beam. A prototype hybrid amplifier is reported with a measured gain of 10.5 dB at 5.92 GHz. The amplifier design is uniplanar, is compact, and is compatible with the fabrication process of high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) at millimeter-wave frequencies. >
Enhanced synthesis of isoamyl acetate using an ionic liquid-alcohol biphasic system at high hydrostatic pressure

Abstract Isoamyl acetate has a banana flavor that can be considered a “natural” ingredient when synthesized using a lipase-catalyzed reaction. Production of isoamyl acetate was up to 10-fold higher with free lipase versus immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) after 3 h at 300 MPa and 80 °C in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoro-phosphate, isoamyl alcohol biphasic system. Rate of catalysis by free CALB was 15-fold greater at 500 MPa, 40 °C than at 0.1 MPa, 40 °C and 14-fold at 500 MPa, 80 °C than at 0.1 MPa, 80 °C. Activation energy of free lipase calculated between 40 and 80 °C at 0.1 MPa (55.6 ± 4.2 kJ mol−1) or 300 MPa (56.2 ± 4.6 kJ mol−1) was not significantly different. Similarly, activation volume (ΔV‡) of free lipase calculated between 0.1 and 500 MPa at 40 °C (−16.1 ± 1.5 cm3 mol−1) or 80 °C (−16.7 ± 1.4 cm3 mol−1) was not significantly different. After treatment at high pressure and upon pressure release, the free lipase was temporarily suspended in a semi-solid IL phase. This study is the first to combine the use of a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) for enhanced enzyme catalysis.
A Perspective on Adaptive Control of Power Systems

Potential applications of adaptive control theory to electrical power systems control are explored. In the first part of the paper, the status of adaptive control theory is reviewed. Current mechanisms and methods of electrical power systems control are then examined. The two areas in adaptive power system control that have received the most attention are adaptive generator exciter control and adaptive load-frequency control. Nine recent papers on adaptive exciter control are described, as also are three papers on adaptive load-frequency control. Potential applications of adaptive control to other power system control problems are noted.
Isotopic fingerprints of microbial respiration in aragonite from Bahamian stromatolites

Authigenic aragonite preserves a carbon isotopic record of heterotrophic microbial influences on dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in microenvironments within shallow subtidal stromatolites from Highborne Cay, Bahamas. A greater amount of aragonite precipitates when and where respiration, rather than photosynthesis, influences local DIC, which is consistent with sulfate reduction promoting carbonate precipitation and calcium release during decay of exopolymeric substances. Thus, heterotrophs play a more direct role than phototrophs in stromatolite lithification. Cyanobacteria are spatially associated with aragonite containing heterotrophic isotopic signatures. Hence, the absence of an autotrophic isotopic signature in the rock record does not imply the absence of photosynthetic organisms.
Identifying how and for whom cognitive-behavioral stress management improves emotional well-being among recent prostate cancer survivors.

Objective The outcomes of a 10-week cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM) group intervention were evaluated in prostate cancer survivors. A model was tested in which CBSM-related improvements in emotional well-being were attained through changes in men's perceptions of their condition, as conceptualized by information processing explanations of self-regulation theory. The model also tested whether life stress and treatment-related side effects moderated intervention effects. Methods Men treated for localized prostate cancer (n = 257) within the past 18 months were randomized to CBSM or a half-day psycho-educational seminar. At pre-intervention and 12-week follow-up, emotional well-being, illness perceptions, life stress, and sexual and urinary function were assessed using validated questionnaires. Results After controlling for covariates, CBSM participants showed greater improvements in emotional well-being relative to control participants (β = 0.13, p < 0.05). For men reporting higher stress upon study entry, CBSM-related improvements were partially explained by changes in some, but not all, illness perceptions. Sexual and urinary dysfunction did not influence CBSM-related gains. Conclusions Prostate cancer perceptions may be an important target for enhancing emotional well-being, particularly for men experiencing general life stress. However, interventions that explicitly target mental representations of cancer may be needed to modify perceptions of the disease. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis and lameness in broilers: a review

This review focuses on a specific cause of lameness known as bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) in broilers. Rapid increases in body weight impose excessive torque and shear stress on structurally immature epiphyseal and physeal cartilage, primarily in the proximal femora, proximal tibiae, and flexible thoracic vertebrae. Excessive mechanical stress creates osteochondrotic clefts among the chondrocytes of susceptible growth plates. These wound sites are colonized by hematogenously distributed opportunistic bacteria, culminating in the gross abscesses and necrotic voids that are pathognomonic for terminal BCO. Lameness attributable to characteristic BCO lesions can be reproduced by rearing broilers on wire flooring to create persistent footing instability and physiological stress, without the need to inoculate the birds with pathogenic bacteria that presumably are present but quiescent within the bird's microbial communities or in the environment. Experiments using the wire-flooring model revealed innate differences in the susceptibility of broiler lines to BCO, and demonstrated that BCO incidences can be reduced by prophylactically providing probiotics in the feed, by prophylactically adding 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 to the drinking water, or by therapeutically adding the antibiotic enrofloxacin to the drinking water. Hatchery and chick quality issues clearly influence the susceptibility of broilers to BCO. When broilers remain in a sitting posture for prolonged periods, the major arteries supplying their legs may be compressed. These episodes of inadequate blood flow may prevent chondrocyte maturation and trigger focal necrosis, thereby making the epiphyseal and physeal cartilage highly susceptible to osteochondrosis and BCO. Much remains to be revealed regarding the pathogenesis of BCO. Further revelations will be facilitated by the availability of the now-validated wire-flooring models that consistently trigger high incidences of BCO in experimental flocks.
An introduction to open source software concepts and communities: conference tutorial

Intended Audience: Instructors who are curious about open source software and how to incorporate it into their classes. This tutorial is intended to provide instructors with working knowledge of open source software concepts and communities. In this brief introduction, we will: • talk about what open source is and why it is gaining traction in the business world; • explore how instructors (and their students) can benefit by incorporating open source into the curriculum; • review what differentiates open source from proprietary software; and • discuss how teaching open source in an open way aligns with many current pedagogical practices, such as continuous assessment and cooperative learning.
Endoscopic Management of Achalasia

Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by impaired LES relaxation and absent peristalsis in the distal esophagus. Note, however, that absent peristalsis means that there is no progressively sequenced esophageal contraction; it does not imply the complete absence of esophageal contractions or intraluminal pressure. In fact, spastic contractions and panesophageal pressurization of the esophagus are often seen in patients with achalasia, and these criteria are now part of the Chicago classification for subtypes of achalasia (Bredenoord AJ, Fox M, Kahrilas PJ et al, Neurogastroenterol Motil:24(Suppl 1):57, 2012). The scope of endoscopic treatment for achalasia has also evolved over the past 5 years with the emergence of per-oral endoscopic myotomy.
Nonrespiratory Sinus Arrhythmia

Scenario: This continuous lead II rhythm strip was obtained in a 25-year-old woman admitted to the intensive care unit for intracerebral hemorrhage. The patient presented to the emergency department with a headache after a skateboarding accident. The patient stated that she “bumped” her head during the accident. The bedside monitor alarmed for bradycardia/pause. Upon assessment, the patient was alert, oriented, and hemodynamically stable. ECG PUZZLER A regular feature of the American Journal of Critical Care, the ECG Puzzler addresses ECG interpretation for clinical practice. We welcome letters to the Editors regarding this feature.
El legado problemático del caso Brown v. Board of Education

ResumenEl proposito: Este articulo presenta una reflexion sobre el 60o aniversario de la decision judicial de la Corte Suprema en el caso Brown v. Board of Education y discute las lecciones significativas aprendidas de esta y las subsiguientes decisiones de la corte. El argumento: Afirmamos que un nuevo dialogo fundamentalmente diferente referido al legado del caso Brown es necesario si apuntamos a entender de manera critica el pasado, el presente y el futuro de las relaciones raciales como telon de fondo de las cuestiones de segregacion escolar en este pais. Implicaciones: El legado problematico de Brown provee una oportunidad para interrogar la cuestion de por que nosotros como un pais continuamos teniendo fe en este caso en particular como solucion por la inequidad racial. Invitamos a los lectores a “soltar” simbolicamente a Brown para imaginar nuevas posibilidades de la justicia racial, la oportunidad educacional, y la reforma social.
Age Variation in Mating Strategies and Mate Preferences: Beliefs versus Reality:

We conducted three studies to (1) investigate individuals' beliefs about change in mating desires over the course of emerging adulthood and (2) determine whether those beliefs reflect actual variat...
Modeling of transient ejector performance with application to a pulse refrigeration system

An ejector-based pulse refrigeration system (PRS) t hat may be powered by solar or waste heat, and which is suitable for terrestrial and mic ro-gravity environments was previously proposed. This paper addresses the design of the ej ector for the PRS which is driven by transient pressure waves from a set of constant vol ume boilers and which must entrain secondary flow under unsteady conditions. The ejector eliminates the need for a circulation pump, thus reducing system mass and increasing reliability. The design approach uses geometric scaling ratios from existing ejector base d cooling systems, together with computational analysis to predict performance. The design and manufacture of two ejector prototypes are described, and CFD results are prese nted.
Mechanistic and quantitative insight into cell surface targeted molecular imaging agent design

Molecular imaging agent design involves simultaneously optimizing multiple probe properties. While several desired characteristics are straightforward, including high affinity and low non-specific background signal, in practice there are quantitative trade-offs between these properties. These include plasma clearance, where fast clearance lowers background signal but can reduce target uptake and binding, where high affinity compounds sometimes suffer from lower stability or increased non-specific interactions. Further complicating probe development, many of the optimal parameters vary depending on both target tissue and imaging agent properties, making empirical approaches or previous experience difficult to translate. Here, we focus on low molecular weight compounds targeting extracellular receptors, which have some of the highest contrast values for imaging agents. We use a mechanistic approach to provide a quantitative framework for weighing trade-offs between molecules. Our results show that specific target uptake is well-described by quantitative simulations for a variety of targeting agents, whereas non-specific background signal is more difficult to predict. Two in vitro experimental methods for estimating background signal in vivo are compared – non-specific cellular uptake and plasma protein binding. Together, these data provide a quantitative method to guide probe design and focus animal work for more cost-effective and time-efficient development of molecular imaging agents.
A telecommunications model for managing complexity of voice and data networks and services

The telecommunication industry (TI) is challenged by a significant increase in the complexity of information transfer due to a recent proliferation of data mining technologies, techniques and applications. As the result, TI is facing a fundamental paradigm shift, with the convergence of voice and data services as well as ever expanding technologies to its users. This technological movement towards a convergence of telephony and computer technologies, web-based networks, and wired and wireless services is creating areas of tremendous opportunities. These areas of opportunity are for continuous quality improvements and applications of the voice and data convergence mining techniques and their implementations. The TI's implementation of the data mining algorithms reduces information overload, increases data integrity and accuracy, and effectively manages its global networks.
A survey of optimization algorithms for wireless sensor network lifetime maximization

The survey examines research on the WSN lifetime maximization problem.Differences between WSNs having various characteristics are explored.Algorithms that solve extensions to WSN lifetime problems are compared.Future research challenges in the WSN optimization field are outlined. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) consist of a set of sensors and collection sinks that gather and analyze environmental conditions. Spurred by the growing need for data collection and transmission, WSN research topics have gained interest in recent years. WSNs are often deployed in hostile or inaccessible locations in which sensor replacement or repair is impractical. This survey explores various research approaches and extensions to the problem, which include online routing, clustering approaches, and lifetime maximization on specially structured networks. We additionally consider the impact of having mobile and/or multiple sinks and delay-tolerant routing. Finally, we expand our analysis to examine multicriteria optimization problems, and outline future research challenges in the field.
Making Effective Use of Article 260 TFEU

Much has been written on Article 260 TFEU, and the refrain continues along the lines that it is a potentially effective instrument for securing compliance with EU law which has yet to materialise. Some have started to question whether pecuniary sanctions can ever be an effective tool and have eyed the political procedure in Article 7 TEU with a glimmer of hope. But since money talks and the conditions in Article 7 TEU are onerous, it seems premature to discard the value of Article 260 TFEU just yet. But what then is the problem and is it possible to do anything about it? That is the topic of this chapter, which examines the design of the system and its application by the Commission and the Court.
Deep Anisotropic Etching of Gaas with Chlorine-Based Chemistries and SU-8 Mask Using Rie and High Density ICP Etching Methods

GaAs-based micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are emerging technologies, which will lead to integration of new sensing and actuating devices with microwave and millimeter-wave electronics. However, developing the capability of selective deep etching of GaAs is a critical issue to be solved. This paper presents a study of a highly anisotropic deep GaAs etching. Two different plasma etching methods were studied for GaAs etching with chlorine-based chemistries: reactive ion etching (RIE) with Cl2/BCl3/SiCl4mixtures and high-density inductive coupled plasma (HDICP) etching with Cl2/BCl3 mixtures. A negative acting photoresist, SU-8, which allows high resolution, high aspect ratio patterning with strong resistance to etchants, was selected as the etching mask for this work. Process parameters were varied for best results, and the effects of the process parameters are presented. Issues such as etch selectivity of SU-8 and GaAs, reflow of SU-8, and loading effects were also investigated. An optimized etching process was developed to achieve a deep etch in excess of 300µm of GaAs with a single layer of SU-8 photoresist.
Pharmacists and Pediatric Medication Adherence: Bridging the Gap

Pediatric medication nonadherence is a major problem in the United States health care system. Age of the child, lack of understanding about the disease or treatment, culture, socioeconomic status, family structure, schedule of medications, and taste can all contribute to this problem. Strategies that target interventions to the individual patient and family can be most effective. Pharmacists are at the forefront of patient care and can help children become more adherent to their medications through counseling and building a trusting relationship with the family. This article highlights some common problems to adherence and some solutions to increase adherence.
Abstract IA22: The role of ATM in tumor and endothelial cells in mediating the response of cancer to radiation therapy

Fibroblasts isolated from patients with ataxia telangiectasia are exquisitely sensitive to ionizing radiation and mice lacking the gene mutated in ataxia telangiectasia (ATM) are sensitive to total-body irradiation. Kinase inhibitors of ATM can sensitize tumor cells to radiation, but these inhibitors may also sensitize normal tissues to radiation toxicity. Endothelial cell damage can contribute to the development of long-term side effects after radiation therapy, but whether endothelial cell death plays an important role in tumor response to radiation therapy has remained unclear. To clarify the role of endothelial cells in the response of cancer to radiation therapy, we employed dual recombinase technology using both FlpO and Cre recombinases to generate primary sarcomas in mice with endothelial cell-specific deletion of Atm. Deletion of Atm in proliferating tumor endothelial cells increased endothelial cell death after radiation therapy and enhanced the response of primary sarcomas to radiation as measured by tumor growth delay. However, deletion of Atm from endothelial cells failed to enhance sarcoma eradication as no difference was observed when a higher radiation dose was utilized with local control as the endpoint. In contrast, deletion of Atm from tumor cells increased sarcoma eradication by radiation therapy. These results demonstrate that tumor cells, rather than endothelial cells, are critical targets that regulate sarcoma eradication by radiation therapy. Interestingly, Atm deletion in quiescent endothelial cells of the heart did not sensitize mice to radiation-induced myocardial necrosis. However, in mice lacking p53 in endothelial cells, which are sensitized to radiation-induced injury to the heart, deletion of ATM in addition to p53 further enhanced radiation sensitivity following whole-heart irradiation. Taken together, these genetic experiments suggest that targeting ATM during radiotherapy may provide a therapeutic gain for tumors lacking p53 function particularly when the tumor is located at an anatomic site where the adjacent normal tissue is quiescent. To test this model in mice using a pharmacological approach, we treated mice with BEZ235, which is a small molecule inhibitor of several PI3-kinase family kinases including ATM. BEZ235 sensitized primary sarcomas to radiation therapy, but only enhanced radiation-induced heart disease when p53 was deleted from endothelial cells. These results suggest that inhibiting ATM kinase during radiation therapy is a viable strategy for radiosensitization of some tumors. Citation Format: David Kirsch. The role of ATM in tumor and endothelial cells in mediating the response of cancer to radiation therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on DNA Repair: Tumor Development and Therapeutic Response; 2016 Nov 2-5; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2017;15(4_Suppl):Abstract nr IA22.
Annual Summary of Vital Statistics: 2013-2014.

The number of births in the United States increased by 1% between 2013 and 2014, to a total of 3 988 076. The general fertility rate rose 1% to 62.9 births per 1000 women. The total fertility rate also rose 0.3% in 2014, to 1862.5 births per 1000 women. The teenage birth rate fell to another historic low in 2014, 24.2 births per 1000 women. The percentage of all births to unmarried women declined to 40.2% in 2014, from 40.6% in 2013. In 2014, the cesarean delivery rate declined to 32.2% from 32.7% in 2013. The preterm birth rate declined for the seventh straight year in 2014 to 9.57%; the low birth weight rate was unchanged at 8.00%. The infant mortality rate decreased to a historic low of 5.82 infant deaths per 1000 live births in 2014. The age-adjusted death rate for 2014 was 7.2 deaths per 1000 population, down 1% from 2013. Crude death rates for children aged 1 to 19 years did not change significantly between 2013 and 2014. Unintentional injuries and suicide were, respectively, the first and second leading causes of death in this age group. These 2 causes of death jointly accounted for 46.5% of all deaths to children and adolescents in 2014.
Totalitarianism: An outdated paradigm for post-Mao China?

China’s considerable changes since the early 1980s suggest the need to assess the nature of the post-Mao reform and change. Many scholars on China in recent years have not thought totalitarianism to be a useful term anymore. The article attempts to assess the validity of the totalitarian model, investigate and analyze the major changes in post-Mao China, and evalaute the significance of the changes and the nature of the post-Mao reform, so as to determine whether the post-Mao regime can still be described as totalitarian or has been transformed into something else. The article demonstrates that the dynamic core and essential features of the Chinese communist regime have not fundamentally changed. China has just repeated the “dynastic cycle” of communist totalitarianism from Mao’s regime to Deng’s regime, though Deng’s regime has many differences from Mao’s at the operative level. The paradigm of totalitarianism, rather than outmoded, is still useful and applicable to the study of the Chinese communist regime.
Multidomain Phase-Field Modeling of Negative Capacitance Switching Transients

Continuum phase-field simulations show how a multidomain ferroelectric capacitor in series with a resistor can exhibit a transient response in which the ferroelectric behaves as a negative capacitor. We show that accelerating domain growth leads to negative capacitance (NC), and this happens even when there is no initial switching of the domains. The observed behavior is in close agreement with experimental results of NC transients seen recently in a number of ferroelectric material systems.
Impact of the modified Atkins diet on cardiovascular health in adults with epilepsy.

Abstract Aim The current study investigated biochemical and vascular markers of cardiovascular health in adult patients with epilepsy treated with long-term (greater than 1 year) ketogenic diet therapy compared with controls. Method Anthropometric measures, serum fasting lipid panel, apolipoproteins A-1 and B, lipoprotein sub-fractions as well as common carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and plaque presence were assessed in 20 adult patients with epilepsy on a modified Atkins diet (MAD) for > 1 year started as an adult compared with 21 adult patients with epilepsy naive to diet therapy. Results Patients treated with MAD had significantly lower weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumference, percent body fat, and serum triglyceride levels when compared with control patients. In contrast, they had significantly higher serum levels of small low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) particles and were significantly more likely to have LDL pattern B in which small LDL particles predominate when compared with controls. However, there was no significant difference in cIMT or plaque presence between groups. Conclusion Our results provide clinical evidence demonstrating the cardiovascular safety of a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet used in adults with epilepsy for at least 12 months. It also highlights potential markers of cardiovascular risk – small dense LDL particles – that should be closely monitored in adults treated with diet therapy long-term.
P24 Too old for technology? qualitative feedback of pre-registration adult nursing students’ evaluations, on using non-digital technology, to simulate the ageing process and sensory impairments

The aim of the project was to elicit and share students’ feedback, on using non-digital technology, within a clinical skills session, to help deliver an improved experience for the students and facilitators, in future simulation sessions. With an increasing population being diagnosed with dementia (Alzheimer’s Society, 2014), a robust programme on dementia care has been embedded into the pre-registration nursing curriculum, reflecting the national dementia training framework (Skills for Health, Health Education England and Skills for Care, 2015). An integral part of the students’ second year learning experience, in this programme, is to examine the ageing process and how it differs from dementia. The students undertake various clinical and non-clinical related tasks whilst wearing specially designed suits that simulate the ageing process, creating a practical insight into how people might live with various physical and sensory impairments and how this may impact on the overall well-being of that person. The students then reflect on how this experience may influence the way they carry out their nursing practice in the future. This is a dynamic approach to using simulation and technology which actively involves the students in their learning opportunity, utilising a collaborative engagement between them and then sharing their different experiences within the group. The overall evaluation was very positive, both from the students’ and the facilitators’ perspective. Through the insight gained from the use of this technology, the students reported that they now felt more confident in sharing their experiences in their practice environments which could help improve service user care, as well as being more conducive to embrace other simulation resources in the future. The facilitators felt that this form of simulation was extremely engaging but more was needed to be put into place for further training amongst the faculty, to encourage wider use. In addition to the students’ positive experience, it highlighted the potential of utilising this research based non-digitalised technology across more healthcare programmes. Furthermore, it was noted that focussed training was needed, for the facilitators, regarding briefing and debriefing in simulation. Consequently, there is now a strategy in place, to train more faculty staff and stakeholders, in the use of this simulation resource and embed its use into as many of the Faculty’s healthcare programmes, as possible, where it is appropriate. For information about simulation resource: http://www.age-simulation-suit.com/ (Accessed: 8 May 2017) References . Alzheimer’s Society. Dementia UK: Update 2014. Available at: http://bit.ly/2goCxJ1 (Accessed: 8 May 2017) . Skills for Health, Health Education England and Skills for Care. Dementia core skills education and training framework 2015. Available at: http://bit.ly/2bdCnPK (Accessed: 8 May 2017)
Axiom Systems for Quantification Theory

We now wish to show how we can use our earlier completeness results to establish the completeness of the more usual formalizations of First Order Logic. We first consider an axiom system Q1 which (except for rather minor details) is a standard axiom system. Its completeness is easily obtained as a consequence of our Unifying Principle. We prefer, however, to emphasize a completeness proof along the following lines. We consider a succession of axiom systems, starting with Q1 and ending with a system Q* 2 each of which seems ostensibly weaker than the preceding. The completeness of Q* 2 easily implies the completeness of Q 1 but it is not immediately obvious that everything provable in Q 1 is provable in Q*2. However, the completeness of Q*2 is an almost immediate consequence of the (strong form) of the Fundamental Theorem. The arguments of this chapter are wholly constructive. We give an effective procedure whereby given any associate of {~X}, a proof of X can be found in Q*2 (and hence also in Q1). We also know from the preceding chapter how given a closed tableau for {~ X} we can find an associate of {~X}. Combining these two constructions, we see how given any proof of X by the tableau method, we can find a proof of X in each of the axiom systems of this chapter.
Collaboration to teach the critical thinking skills needed to become a successful Internet searcher: The planning of a WWW search engine workshop

Abstract What skills will librarians of the future require to ensure that our patrons' needs are met? One that comes immediately to mind is the ability to maximize shrinking budgets by collaborating with other agencies. A second skill that librarians of the future will require is the ability to take advantage of a networked environment. The following is a description of a collaboratively planned seminar designed to identify and teach World Wide Web (WWW) search skills. This workshop was created with an eye to “The Learning Library of the Future.”
Why polyploid exceptionalism is not accompanied by reduced extinction rates

In spite of their success during the past several millions of years, recent analyses indicate that polyploid species may have higher extinction rates than their diploid relatives. The idea that neopolyploid species are relatively short-lived is antithetical to the notion of polyploid exceptionalism. I propose that young, established polyploid species have unusually high extinction rates due to demographic and genetic challenges and that early demise accounts for the elevated extinction of polyploid species as a whole. Polyploid species are composed of conspecific lineages (each of an independent origin). Each origin is associated with a genetic and demographic bottleneck which reduces their abilities to cope with environment perturbations. The greater the number of independently originated lineages, the longer a polyploid species is likely to persist, given that the lineages are genetically/ecologically divergent. Autopolyploids appear to have much higher extinction rates than allopolyploids, even though the formation frequency in autopolyploids may be orders of magnitude greater. Niche differences between polyploids and their progenitors may be enhanced via the differential survival of the most divergent polyploids relative to their progenitors. It seems to be the rarely successful polyploid that flourishes during times of environmental alteration and that leaves an enduring genomic legacy.
Teleneurology Network to Improve Access to Neurologists for Patients in Rural Areas: A Real-World Experience.

Background: The need for neurologists has been steadily increasing over the past few years. The implementation of teleneurology networks could serve as a potential solution to this need. Methods: A retrospective review of the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) Teleneurology records for all consults performed between August 2014 and July 2018 was conducted. Collected data included number of consults, baseline characteristics, final diagnosis, and number of providers and hospitals over the study period. Results: A total of 4,542 Teleneurology consults were performed during the study period. The most common diagnosis was cerebrovascular disease, followed by seizure disorders. The number of consults per month increased throughout the study period from three in August 2014 to 257 in July 2018. The number of community hospitals covered has increased from 3 hospitals in August 2014 to 14 hospitals throughout the state of South Carolina in July 2018. Conclusion: Over 4 years, the MUSC teleneurology program has evolved into a robust partnership with 14 partner hospitals, and is now delivering more than 250 expert neurology consultations monthly to patients throughout the state of South Carolina.
The Sandcastle Classroom

This essay positions the classroom as a work of art. More specifically, the author suggests that the classroom is a form of temporary art not unlike a sandcastle. Relying heavily on John Deweyâ€™s Art as Experience, and finding auxiliary support from authors such as Elaine Scarry, Drew Leder, and Kenneth Burke, this essay argues that art and teaching occur simultaneously and are inseparable. Comparing teaching to building a sandcastle and other types of art, an examination of the role of the teacher as an artist, the course content as the message, the space of the classroom as the medium, and the students as the audience build the foundation for this artful perspective of teaching. Finally, the collaborative experience of the teacher and student illustrate the long term effects of this aesthetic perspective reinforcing the value of purposeful and artistic classroom instruction and course creation.
From the book review editor

The role of a book review is to serve the authors by bringing visibility to (and increasing the impact of) their work. For readers, it offers a snapshot so they can decide whether or not to invest in the book. For Communication Design Quarterly (CDQ), book reviews should aim for an audience made of practitioners, teachers, and researchers. So, to resist the bifurcation between academic scholarship and practitioners, we recognize that many of our readers' concerns are shared. Books that are selected for review should be useful for scholars and practitioners alike. Similarly, reviews should aim to address shared concerns.
Cocaine memory reactivation induces functional adaptations of fast-spiking interneurons in the rat medial prefrontal cortex

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized extracellular matrix structures that ensheathe parvalbumin-containing fast-spiking interneurons (PV FSIs) and play a key role in neuroplasticity. We previously showed that PNNs within the prelimbic prefrontal cortex (PL PFC) are required for the maintenance of cocaine-associated memories following cocaine memory reactivation. However, how cocaine memory reactivation affects PNNs, PV, and corresponding changes in PV FSI function are unknown. In this study, we characterized the electrophysiological properties of PV FSIs and corresponding changes in PNN and PV intensity within the PL PFC prior to and after cocaine memory reactivation. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to acquire cocaine-conditioned place preference (CPP) and, following cocaine-CPP memory reactivation (30 m, 2 h, and 24 h post-reactivation), we measured PNN intensity (determined by Wisteria floribunda agglutinin [WFA] staining) as well as PV intensity using immunohistochemistry. The intensity of PV staining was reduced at all time points following memory reactivation with no changes in WFA intensity. Using whole-cell electrophysiology we found a reduction in the number of action potentials at 30 m and 2 h that returned to control levels by 24 h. The attenuation in firing was accompanied by a presumed compensatory increase in excitatory synaptic transmission, which was corroborated by an increase in VGluT1 puncta apposing PV/PNN neurons. Collectively, our results indicate that cocaine memory reactivation decreases PV intensity, which may play a role in decreasing excitation of PV FSIs. Thus, the inhibitory tone onto pyramidal neurons may be decreased following memory reactivation, resulting in an increase in PFC output to promote cocaine-seeking behaviors.
Calculated infrared and Raman signatures of Ag+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Hg2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ sodalites

Abstract We explore the potential of vibrational spectroscopy, an inexpensive analysis technique, for the purpose of detecting of heavy metals in water using sodalite. Computations via density functional theory of the infrared and Raman spectra of anion-free sodalites that have been exchanged with lead (II), cadmium (II), and mercury (II) ions predict a peak in the 850–880 cm−1 range in both the infrared and Raman spectra that is characteristic of anion-free sodalites that have been exchanged with these three heavy metal cations. This peak is distinguishable from the infrared spectra of anion-free sodalites that have been exchanged with potassium, magnesium, and calcium ions, which are naturally present in drinking water. Unfortunately, no peak in this range exists for chloro-, bromo-, or hydroxy-sodalites, and peaks in this range may be masked by the presence of magnesium hydroxysodalites, which would be expected to form in water testing applications. In addition, the signal-to-noise ratio is likely too low to provide a useful test for heavy metal contamination at the levels required for municipal water testing.
Explaining second language utterance fluency: Contribution of cognitive fluency and first language utterance fluency

Given that utterance fluency in a second language (L2) is associated with not only L2 cognitive fluency but also utterance fluency in the first language (L1), the study examined to what extent different measures of L2 utterance fluency can be explained by L2-specific cognitive fluency and/or the corresponding L1 utterance fluency measures. Utterance fluency measures on speed, breakdown, and repair phenomena and cognitive fluency measures including speed of lexical retrieval, syntactic encoding, and articulation were collected in the L1 and the L2 from 44 Chinese learners of English. The results show that most L2 utterance fluency measures are accounted for by the combination of L2-specific cognitive fluency measures and the equivalent L1 utterance fluency measure, whereas the number of mid-clause silent pauses and corrections, and mean syllable duration are largely explained by L2-specific cognitive measures, suggesting that they reflect L2-specific knowledge and cognitive skills. In contrast, mean silent pause duration and the number of filled pauses are mainly explained by the corresponding L1 utterance fluency measures.
Pneumonia caused by Nocardia nova and Aspergillus fumigatus after cardiac transplantation.

Nocardia nova, a newly established species of theNocardia asteroides complex, has recently been characterized as a human pathogen. This report of a case of pneumonia caused byNocardia nova andAspergillus fumigatus in a patient after cardiac transplantation is the first reported infection caused byNocardia nova following its detailed description. Accurate identification and susceptibility testing of theNocardia nova isolate allowed successful oral therapy with clarithromycin when therapy with sulfisoxazole was not tolerated.
11 – Neuromyelitis Optica

Publisher Summary Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory, immune-mediated disease that targets the optic nerves and spinal cord. Clinically, NMO is characterized by severe attacks of optic neuritis (ON) and/or transverse myelitis. The clinical onset is often abrupt and may produce a prodrome that can include headache and low-grade fever. Upper respiratory symptoms or gastrointestinal symptoms often precede the neurologic events. Usually, the first clinical manifestation of NMO is ON, which is seen in 56–76% of patients. The attacks of ON can be recurrent or simultaneously bilateral. europathologically, NMO lesions demonstrate perivascular and parenchymal leukocyte accumulation, hemorrhagic exudation, and finally, fibrosis and tissue necrosis. The underlying pathophysiology of NMO is not completely understood; however, there is strong evidence to support a role for humoral immunity. The differential diagnosis of NMO is quite extensive given the number of physiologic etiologies that can lead to ON, transverse myelitis, or a combination of the two. In constructing a differential for NMO, one must first include diseases falling into the spectrum of inflammatory demyelinating diseases. These include isolated ON, isolated transverse myelitis, acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis, Balo's concentric sclerosis, relapsing myelitis, and benign MS.
Systematic analysis of chemotherapy agents for home-based administration.

e14012Background: Improvement in supportive care medications, feasibility of outpatient management, and regulatory changes have led to a dramatic shift in the primary location of chemotherapy deliv...