cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ABVD with Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) Support in Newly Diagnosed Hodgkin Lymphoma: Long-Term Safety and Efficacy Results of a Phase-II Study.

The safety and efficacy of pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) has been established in association with chemotherapeutic regimens that are repeated every 3 weeks. However, the long-term safety of pegfilgrastim in patients receiving chemotherapy regimens every 2 weeks remains under investigation. Of concern is the possibility of stem cell damage because of the long half-life that may overlap with subsequent courses of chemotherapy. ABVD chemotherapy is widely used for the treatment of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Up to 65% of patients receiving ABVD will require growth factor support to maintain dose intensity, prevent neutropenic fever, and to prevent delays in chemotherapy administration. In this study, we used primary prophylaxis of 6 mg pegfilgrastim in first and subsequent cycles of ABVD. Patients were eligible if they were older than 16 years and had previously untreated HL patients who are scheduled to receive standard ABVD chemotherapy, adequate bone marrow reserve (ANC > 1,000/uL, Platelet > 100,000/uL, left ventricular ejection fraction > 50%, serum creatinine
The Role of Racial Microaggressions, Stress, and Acculturation in Understanding Latino Health Outcomes in the USA

A growing body of literature demonstrates important negative health effects from racial microaggressions for racial/ethnic minorities. However, at present, the bulk of the literature is focused on the case of black Americans with relatively little attention as to how this may play out for other racial/ethnic groups. Here, we examine the association of health and racial microaggressions in the case of Latinos. Furthermore, we disaggregate Latinos by language preference in order to see how acculturation to the USA may moderate the effect of racial microaggressions on health outcomes for the group. In a statistical analysis of the 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we examine the association between stress from racial microaggressions and self-rated health for Latinos of different levels of linguistic acculturation. We find that more acculturated Latinos (measured in terms of language preference) are more likely to experience physical stress from perceived racial microaggressions after accounting for social and demographic factors. Further, this stress is linked to overall poorer self-rated health for the group. However, we find no such association for less acculturated, Spanish-preference Latinos.
Enzyme Architecture: Erection of Active Orotidine 5'-Monophosphate Decarboxylase by Substrate-Induced Conformational Changes.

Orotidine 5′-monophosphate decarboxylase (OMPDC) catalyzes the decarboxylation of 5-fluoroorotate (FO) with kcat/Km = 1.4 × 10–7 M–1 s–1. Combining this and related kinetic parameters shows that the 31 kcal/mol stabilization of the transition state for decarboxylation of OMP provided by OMPDC represents the sum of 11.8 and 10.6 kcal/mol stabilization by the substrate phosphodianion and the ribosyl ring, respectively, and an 8.6 kcal/mol stabilization from the orotate ring. The transition state for OMPDC-catalyzed decarboxylation of FO is stabilized by 5.2, 7.2, and 9.0 kcal/mol, respectively, by 1.0 M phosphite dianion, d-glycerol 3-phosphate and d-erythritol 4-phosphate. The stabilization is due to the utilization of binding interactions of the substrate fragments to drive an enzyme conformational change, which locks the orotate ring of the whole substrate, or the substrate pieces in a caged complex. We propose that enzyme-activation is a possible, and perhaps probable, consequence of any substrate-induc...
CRYOSPHERE | Snow (Surface)

This article is reproduced from the previous edition, volume 5, pp 2061–2072, © 2003, Elsevier Ltd.
A Review of: Poetic Inquiry: Enchantment of Place

A review of Poetic Inquiry: Enchantment of Place , an edited book by Pauline Sameshima, Alexandra Fidyk, Kedrick James, and Carl Leggo, and published by Vernon Press, 2017.
Impact of Bilateral Upper-Extremity Stenoses in the Diagnosis of Atherosclerotic Disease:

Clinically significant differences in upper-extremity blood pressures usually are the result of atherosclerotic plaque, resulting in a reduction in blood pressure to one upper extremity. Less commo...
The fitness benefits of germinating later than neighbors

Premise of the study Phenology, the seasonal timing of development, can alter biotic interactions. Emergence from dormant or quiescent stages often occurs earlier when neighbors are present, which may reduce the neighbors' competitive effects. Delayed emergence in response to neighbors also has been observed, but the potential benefits of such delays are unclear. Further, emergence time may respond to neighbors experienced by parents, which may predict future competition in offspring. Methods In the annual plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae), we quantified seed germination responses to neighbors in parental and offspring (seed) environments. To examine how observed changes in germination affect interactions with neighbors, we performed an outdoor experiment using neighbors of different sizes to represent different germination times. Key results Seeds were more likely to germinate if their parent had neighbors, but they were less likely to germinate if they themselves experienced a neighbor cue (canopy). As seeds lost dormancy over time, they gained the ability to germinate under a canopy, which suggests that they germinate later in the presence of neighbors. Neighbors of both sizes reduced growth, survival to reproduction, fecundity, and total fitness, but large neighbors increased seedling survival. Smaller neighbors provided no such benefit and had stronger negative effects. Conclusions Delayed germination in response to neighbors can reduce negative interactions and promote positive ones if it occurs late enough to expose seedlings to larger neighbors. By altering relative phenologies and, in turn, the outcomes of biotic interactions, phenological responses to environmental change may influence species interactions and community dynamics.
Foundation species patch configuration mediates salt marsh biodiversity, stability and multifunctionality

Foundation species enhance biodiversity and multifunctionality across many systems; however, whether foundation species patch configuration mediates their ecological effects is unknown. In a 6-month field experiment, we test which attributes of foundation species patch configuration - i.e. patch size, total patch area, perimeter, area-perimeter ratio, or connectivity - control biodiversity, stability and multifunctionality by adding a standardised density of mussel foundation species in patches of 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, 90 or 180 individuals to a southeastern US salt marsh. Over 67% of response variables increased with clustering of mussels, responses that were driven by increases in area-perimeter ratio (33%), decreases in perimeter (29%), or increases in patch size (5%), suggesting sensitivity to external stressors and/or dependence on foundation species-derived niche availability and segregation. Thus, mussel configuration - by controlling the relative distribution of multidimensional patch interior and edge niche space - critically modulates this foundation species' effects on ecosystem structure, stability and function.
The New Orleans Alcohol Use in HIV Study: Launching a Translational Investigation of the Interaction of Alcohol Use with Biological and Socioenvironmental Risk Factors for Multimorbidity in People Living with HIV

BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are highly prevalent in people living with HIV (PLWH) and are associated with increased HIV risk behaviors, suboptimal treatment adherence, potential interaction with medication pharmacodynamics, and greater risk for disease progression. Preclinical studies show that chronic binge alcohol administration accelerates disease progression and aggravates pathogenesis in the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaque model despite viral suppression by antiretroviral therapy. METHODS To translate preclinical findings in the rhesus macaque model of chronic binge alcohol administration and SIV infection and to address areas of uncertainty surrounding the biological mechanisms and socioenvironmental modifiers that contribute to the relationship between alcohol use and HIV-associated comorbidities, precocious aging, and disease progression, we designed a translational multiproject, longitudinal, cohort study, and the New Orleans Alcohol Use in HIV (NOAH) Study. The NOAH Study is led by a multidisciplinary team of scientists, with a research focus on the interaction of AUD and HIV. The overarching hypothesis is that alcohol use will lead to adverse health outcomes in PLWH. In this report, we describe the study design and baseline descriptive characteristics of our cohort. RESULTS Three-hundred and sixty-five participants completed the baseline testing. The cohort is predominantly male (69%) and African American (83.5%). The majority of participants report incomes below 200% of the federal poverty level. CD4 counts <200 cells/μl were found in 12.8% and viral loads <50 copies/ml were found in 73.6%. These HIV status variables did not differ based upon alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS The NOAH Study facilitates bidirectional translational investigation of alcohol's impact on PLWH. Translation of preclinical findings to PLWH permits confirmation of basic biological mechanisms in humans and also allows incorporation of sociobehavioral factors that may affect biology but are challenging to replicate in preclinical models.
Mutation systems

We propose mutation systems as a model of the evolution of a string subject to the effects of mutations and a fitness function. One fundamental question about such a system is whether knowing the rules for mutations and fitness, we can predict whether it is possible for one string to evolve into another. To explore this issue, we define a specific kind of mutation system with point mutations and a fitness function based on conserved strongly k -testable string patterns. We show that for any k greater than 1, such systems can simulate computation by both finite state machines FSMs and asynchronous cellular automata. The cellular automaton simulation shows that in this framework, universal computation is possible and the question of whether one string can evolve into another is undecidable. We also analyse the efficiency of the FSM simulation assuming random point mutations.
Adverse childhood experiences and their relationship to complex health profiles among child welfare-involved children: A classification and regression tree analysis.

Objective To identify the clustering of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) that best characterize child welfare-involved children with known complex health concerns. Data source Multi-informant data were obtained from Wave I of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW II). Study design This study used a cross-sectional design and classification and regression tree (CART) analyses. Data collection Data were collected from families with children, aged birth to 17, investigated for child maltreatment and their child protective services caseworkers, including demographic characteristics of the children, their histories of adversity, and a wide range of health concerns. Principal findings Results indicate that for children between the ages of six and 17, experiences of physical abuse alone, as well as experiences of physical abuse combined with having a caregiver with mental illness, are most strongly associated with complex health concerns. For children aged 2-5 years, results suggest that caregiver mental illness is a key adverse experience associated with complex health concerns. Conclusions Identifying specific combinations of ACEs may be a critical next step for child- and youth-serving agencies to allow providers to better calculate risk of health problems among children exposed to adversity.
Location Prediction for Tweets.

Geographic information provides an important insight for many data mining and social media systems. However, users are reluctant to provide such information due to various concerns, such as inconvenience, privacy, etc. In this paper, we aim to develop a deep learning based solution to predict the geographic information for tweets. The currently approaches bear two major limitations, including (a) hard to model the long term information and (b) hard to explain to the end users what the model learns. To address these issues, our proposed model embraces three key ideas. First, we introduce the multi-head self-attention model for text representation. Second, to further improve the result on informal language, we treat subword as a feature in our model. Lastly, the model is trained jointly with the city and country to incorporate the information coming from different labels. The experiment performed on W-NUT 2016 Geo-tagging shared task shows our proposed model is competitive with the state-of-the-art systems when using accuracy measurement, and in the meanwhile, leading to a better distance measure over the existing approaches.
Detecting gravitational self-lensing from stellar-mass binaries composed of black holes or neutron stars

We explore a unique electromagnetic signature of stellar-mass compact-object binaries long before they are detectable in gravitational waves. We show that gravitational lensing of light emitting components of a compact-object binary, by the other binary component, could be detectable in the nearby universe. This periodic lensing signature could be detected from present and future X-ray observations, identifying the progenitors of binaries that merge in the LIGO band, and also unveiling populations that do not merge, thus providing a tracer of the compact-object binary population in an enigmatic portion of its life. We argue that periodically repeating lensing flares could be observed for ~100 ksec orbital-period binaries with the future Lynx X-ray mission, possibly concurrent with gravitational wave emission in the LISA band. Binaries with longer orbital periods could be more common and be detectable as single lensing flares, though with reliance on a model for the flare that can be tested by observations of succeeding flares. Non-detection of such events, even with existing X-ray observations, will help to constrain the population of EM bright compact-object binaries.
Understanding Persistence of At-Risk Students in Higher Education Enrollment Management Using Multiple Linear Regression and Network Analysis

This article presents research on persistence among at-risk students using network analysis following multiple linear regression (MLR). Data on a population of enrolled undergraduate students at an...
Gentrification, Geography, and the Declining Enrollment of Neighborhood Schools:

This study examines patterns and relations between gentrification and urban schooling across U.S. cities using longitudinal data from 2000 to 2014. The first section presents new statistics on the ...
Surface charge (zeta-potential) of nanoencapsulated food ingredients

Abstract Zeta-potential (or ζ-potential), is usually referred to as the abbreviation for the electrokinetic potential in colloidal systems. By definition, ζ-potential is noted as the electrical potential at the edge of electric double layer versus the bulk electric potential. In colloidal systems, ζ-potential is widely used as an indicator to reflect the stability. Large ζ-potential values are associated with strong electrostatic repulsions between colloidal particles, which simultaneously prevents particles from aggregation. In food matrices, where a variety of macromolecules interact with each other, ζ-potential has been applied as a powerful parameter to predict the matrix stability. In this chapter, we will discuss the origin, principals, and measurements of ζ-potential. Moreover, classic examples of applying ζ-potential to understand food matrices and bioactive-loaded nanocarriers will be covered.
Differential effects of voluntary exercise on development and expression of methamphetamine conditioned hyperactivity and sensitization in mice

Abstract The present experiments determined the effects of voluntary home-cage wheel running on the development (Experiments 1 and 2a) and expression (Experiment 2b) of conditioned hyperactivity and long-term sensitization in male, Swiss-Webster mice. Mice experienced 3 weeks of wheel running (exercise) or not (sedentary) either beginning prior to (Experiments 1 and 2a), or immediately following (Experiment 2b), the acquisition phase. During the acquisition phase, mice (n = 12–15/group) received injections (subcutaneous) of either vehicle (saline) or methamphetamine (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg, Experiment 1; 1.0 mg/kg, Experiments 2a and 2b) immediately prior to 5 locomotor-activity sessions. The extinction phase began 48 hours (h) (Experiment 1) or 3 weeks (Experiments 2a and 2b) after acquisition and all mice received vehicle injections prior to 4 locomotor-activity sessions. Tests of long-term sensitization occurred 72 h after the last extinction session and involved an escalating, methamphetamine-dose regimen (0.25 ➔ 1.0 mg/kg), 1 dose/session for 3 sessions. While pre-acquisition wheel running failed to alter development of conditioned hyperactivity after training with the 0.5 mg/kg methamphetamine dose, it blunted the development of conditioned hyperactivity, and blocked (Experiment 1) or attenuated (Experiment 2a) induction of long-term sensitization after training with the 1.0 mg/kg methamphetamine dose. Furthermore, while post-acquisition wheel running retarded extinction of conditioned hyperactivity, it did not alter expression of conditioned hyperactivity or long-term sensitization (Experiment 2b). Collectively, the results suggest that the impact of voluntary exercise on context-drug associations and long-term sensitization is critically dependent on the timing of exercise relative to drug conditioning.
Student Performance on and Perceptions of Collaborative Two-Stage Exams in a Material and Energy Balances Course

Two-stage exams, in which students first complete an exam individually and then again as a group, have been used successfully in many disciplines to promote collaboration, learning, and retention of learning. However, it is unknown what the impacts of two-stage exams would be with chemical engineering students. In this study, two-stage exams were implemented in a material and energy balances course, and student performance on and perceptions of the individual and group components are compared.
Climate Signals in the Isohaline Coordinate

Salinity can be used as a Lagrangian coordinate to identify heaving modes of the isohaline surface in the world oceans. Most numerical models currently in use are based on the volume conservation approximation. Although in the GODAS website, the unit of salinity is in psu (practical salinity unit), it is inconceivable how a volume-conserving model can produce salinity in units of psu. Nevertheless, we will use psu as the salinity unit in analyzing the GODAS data in this chapter.
Guideline-Directed Therapy In An Elderly Homebound Population of Heart Failure Patients

Introduction Adherence to guideline-directed therapy in heart failure patients is an important goal. Traditionally, elderly patients have difficulties attaining target doses of these therapies and this may be exaggerated in a homebound population. Hypothesis We assessed the differences in use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEis)/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) and Beta-Blockers (BBs) in homebound heart failure patients in 2 age groups (≥75 years old and Methods A total of 471 heart failure patients during January 2016-March 2020 were reviewed via electronic medical record (Refer to Table 1 for Characteristics). Homebound patients are characterized as those seen for medical visits at home or at a non-medical facility. Both groups were reviewed for the administration and dosage of ACEis/ARB and BBs. Due to the use of multiple ACEis and ARBs, daily doses were converted to a Lisinopril Equivalent Dose (LED) for a singular continuous variable for comparison. Similarly, beta-blocker daily dosages were converted to a Carvedilol Equivalent Dose (CED). Proportions of patients who reached target doses of Lisinopril (20-40 mg) and Carvedilol (25 mg BID) in both age groups were compared via t-test. Results Group 1 consisted of n=308 patients (65.4%). Group 2 consisted of n=163 patients (34.6%). Group 1 patients on ACEi/ARB and BB were 81.5% and 57.8%, respectively. Group 2 patients were on ACEi/ARB and BB at similar percentages (81.0% and 57.1%, respectively). Group 1 had a mean LED of 21.7±12.5 mg and a mean CED of 22.2±15.2 mg, with 49.0% reaching the target LED and 11.0% reaching the target CED. Group 2 had a mean LED of 23.2±12.5 mg and a mean CED of 24.5±17.6 mg, with 51.5% reaching the target LED and 12.9% reaching the target CED (Refer to Table 1). Both group means reached the target daily dose of Lisinopril (p=0.2440) but did not reach the minimum target daily dose of carvedilol (p=0.3087) (Refer to Figure 1). Conclusions Patients within both younger and older age demographics are able to reach similar daily doses of guideline-directed heart failure medication. Target doses of BBs were less frequently attained probably due to the frequent presence of numerous comorbidities.
High Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Mental Illness Among Victims of Sudden Death.

Objectives Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and is associated with sudden death. Mental illness among individuals with DM may confound medical care. This study assessed the association of mental illness with DM and poorly controlled DM in sudden death victims. Methods We screened out-of-hospital deaths ages 18 to 64 years in Wake County, North Carolina from 2013 to 2015 to adjudicate sudden deaths. We abstracted demographics and clinical characteristics from health records. Mental illness included anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or depression. Poorly controlled DM was defined as a hemoglobin A1c >8 or taking ≥3 medications for glycemic control. Logistic regression assessed the association between DM and mental illness. Results Among victims with available records, 109 (29.4%) had DM. Of those, 62 (56.9%) had mental illness. Mental illness was present in 53.42% and 63.89% of victims with mild and poorly controlled DM, respectively. Mental illness was associated with DM (adjusted odds ratio 2.46, 95% confidence interval 1.57-3.91). Victims with poorly controlled DM were more likely to have mental illness (adjusted odds ratio 2.66, 95% confidence interval 1.14-6.18). Conclusions DM is a common comorbid condition in sudden death victims. Among victims, mental illness is associated with the control of DM. Early management of comorbid mental illnesses may improve the care of patients with DM and reduce the incidence of sudden death.
El músico como intelectual: Adolfo Salazar y la creación del discurso de la vanguardia musical española, 1914–1936: by Francisco Parralejo Masa, Madrid, Sociedad Española de Musicología, 2019, 484 pp., €35 (paperback), ISBN 978-84-8687-886-3

Anyone researching Spanish musical culture of the first half of the twentieth century will encounter the critic Adolfo Salazar with striking regularity. These specialists quote his books and articl...
Mixing in equatorial oceans

Abstract The equatorial oceans not only dominate global heat uptake from the atmosphere, but spawn global scale weather and climate phenomena, such as the El Nino Southern Oscillation and the Madden–Julian Oscillation. Mean flow structures range from energetic, highly-sheared currents in the eastern cold tongues of Atlantic and Pacific forced by steady trade winds to intermittent thin layers of high shear in the western Pacific and Indian Oceans, where westerly wind bursts sporadically force subsurface turbulence. In boreal fall, tropical instability waves add a layer of complexity that includes not only additional wave shear, but advection and mixing through frontogenesis. One distinction between midlatitude mixed layers and the upper waters of the cold tongues is the penetration of diurnally-forced mixing beneath the mixed layer. This is due to the balance between current shear, forced by the trade winds, and stratification maintained by the combination of surface heating and equatorial upwelling, which acts to maintain near-critical gradient Richardson number. This review covers the past 40 years of equatorial measurements of turbulence, beginning with a few turbulence profiles made randomly in time progressing to the more comprehensive but duration-limited shipboard experiments, continuing to more recent extended time series from turbulence sensors on long-term moorings. We review the ‘deep cycle’ of mixing in the cold tongues and how the concepts of marginal instability and self-organised criticality apply. This is contrasted with the central roles of inertia-gravity waves and westerly wind bursts in the western Pacific and Indian Oceans. The importance of turbulence to variations in mixed-layer temperatures on seasonal and interannual timescales has been made clear through long-time series measurements, spanning more than a decade at 0∘, 140∘W. The representation of turbulence in global models presents ongoing challenges.
Study of the acetonitrile poisoning of platinum cathodes on proton exchange membrane fuel cell spatial performance using a segmented cell system

Abstract Due to the wide applications of acetonitrile as a solvent in the chemical industry, acetonitrile can be present in the air and should be considered a possible pollutant. In this work, the spatial proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance exposed to air with 20 ppm CH 3 CN was studied using a segmented cell system. The injection of CH 3 CN led to performance losses of 380 mV at 0.2 A cm −2 and 290 mV at 1.0 A cm −2 accompanied by a significant change in the current density distribution. The observed local currents behavior is likely attributed to acetonitrile chemisorption and the subsequent two consecutive reduction/oxidation reactions. The hydrolysis of CH 3 CN and its intermediate imine species resulted in NH 4 + formation, which increased the high-frequency resistance of the cell and affected oxygen reduction and performance. Other products of hydrolysis can be oxidized to CO 2 under the operating conditions. The reintroduction of pure air completely recovered cell performance within 4 h at 1.0 A cm −2 , while at 0.2 A cm −2 the cell recovery was only partial. A detailed analysis of the current density distribution, its correlation with spatial electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data, possible CH 3 CN oxidation/reduction mechanisms and mitigation strategies are presented and discussed.
CHAPTER 16 – Nonlogical Methods for Commonsense Reasoning

This chapter uses the event calculus for commonsense reasoning, which is based on first-order logic. It reviews several other important approaches to commonsense reasoning: qualitative reasoning, analogical processing, probabilistic reasoning, and the society of mind. Qualitative reasoning is concerned with explaining and predicting the behavior of physical systems. The task is to take as input a description of a physical system and an initial state and produce as output the possible behaviors of the system given the initial state. Here QSIM is explained, a physical system is described by a qualitative differential equation (QDE), which corresponds to an infinite set of ordinary differential equations. A QDE consists of a set of variables and a set of constraints on those variables.
Charged residue changes in the carboxy‐terminus of α‐tropomyosin alter mouse cardiac muscle contractility

Striated muscle tropomyosin (TM) is an essential thin filament protein that is sterically and allosterically involved in calcium-mediated cardiac contraction. We have previously shown that overexpressing the β-TM isoform in mouse hearts leads to physiological changes in myocardial relaxation and Ca2+ handling of myofilaments. Two important charge differences in β-TM compared to α-TM are the exchange of serine and histidine at positions 229 and 276 with glutamic acid and asparagine, respectively, imparting a more negative charge to β-TM relative to α-TM. Our hypothesis is that the net charge at specific sites on TM might be a major determinant of its role in modulating cardiac muscle performance and in regulating Ca2+ sensitivity of the myofilaments. To address this, we generated transgenic (TG) double mutation mouse lines (α-TM DM) expressing mutated α-TM at the two residues that differ between α- and β-TM (Ser229Glu + His276Asn). Molecular analyses show 60–88% of the native TM is replaced with α-TM DM in the different TG lines. Work-performing heart analyses show that α-TM DM mouse hearts exhibit decreased rates of pressure development and relaxation (+dP/dt and –dP/dt). Skinned myofibre preparations from the TG hearts indicate a decrease in calcium sensitivity of steady state force. Protein modelling studies show that these two charge alterations in α-TM cause a change in the surface charges of the molecule. Our results provide the first evidence that charge changes at the carboxy-terminal of α-TM alter the functional characteristics of the heart at both the whole organ and myofilament levels.
The Predictive Value of the Signs of January Returns: Evidence of a New January Effect

Many investment practitioners rely on the 'January Barometer', namely, they believe in the theory of 'as goes January, so goes the year', which is fundamentally related to the well-known January effect. Unlike many prior studies that examined the well-known January effect per se, we investigate the issue of whether or not the signs of January returns have superior predictive value for future stock returns vis-a-vis the predictive value of the signs of returns in any other calendar month. Using NYSE equal-weighted stock index, we confirm the existence of the January effect in the sample period of 1941-2002 with both unconditional and conditional evidence, and we document two additional manifestations of the well-known January effect. We also introduce a new type of January effect, namely the signs of January returns have superior predictive value vis-a-vis the signs of any other calendar month's returns for the purpose of predicting the next 12-months' returns.
The Emergence of Organizational Forms: A Community Ecology Approach1

This article introduces a new ecological approach to the study of form emergence based on the notion of an organizational community—a bounded set of forms with related identities. Applying the approach to 48 organizational forms in the health care sector, this study suggests that the development of novel forms is affected by the positioning of their identities with respect to existing form identities in the community, by the aggregate density and size of organizations matching those existing identities, and by the amount of attention directed at identity attributes by sector participants. Findings show that the process of form emergence is subject to population‐dependent effects akin to those noted previously for organizational entries within established populations. The aggregate density and size of organizations with similar identities increase the probability of form emergence to a point (cross‐form legitimation), but highly saturated regions of the identity space tend to be uninviting to new forms (cr...
Double-outlet right ventricle with pulmonic stenosis. Surgical considerations and results of operation.

The results of complete repair of double-outlet right ventricle with pulmonic stenosis in 22 Mayo Clinic patients were analyzed. The overall mortality rate was 32%. Since 1960, the mortality rate has been reduced to 16%. Anomalies of the distribution of the right coronary artery, a second ventricular septal defect of the atrioventricular canal type, and significant residual pulmonic stenosis were associated with a higher mortality rate. The difficulties in the diagnosis of this uncommon condition are emphasized. Complete repair is best carried out after the patient is 4 years old. A systemic-to-pulmonary arterial shunt is the procedure of choice for those who are younger than this. In the occasional patient with anomalous distribution of the right coronary artery which precludes adequate relief of the pulmonic stenosis, use of an aortic homograft from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery should be considered.
Galaxy peculiar velocities from large-scale supernova surveys as a dark energy probe

Upcoming imaging surveys such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope will repeatedly scan large areas of sky and have the potential to yield million-supernova catalogs. Type Ia supernovae are excellent standard candles and will provide distance measures that suffice to detect mean pairwise velocities of their host galaxies. We show that when combining these distance measures with photometric redshifts for either the supernovae or their host galaxies, the mean pairwise velocities of the host galaxies will provide a dark energy probe which is competitive with other widely discussed methods. Adding information from this test to type Ia supernova photometric luminosity distances from the same experiment, plus the cosmic microwave background power spectrum from the Planck satellite, improves the Dark Energy Task Force figure of merit by a factor of 1.8. Pairwise velocity measurements require no additional observational effort beyond that required to perform the traditional supernova luminosity distance test, but may provide complementary constraints on dark energy parameters and the nature of gravity. Incorporating additional spectroscopic redshift follow-up observations could provide important dark energy constraints from pairwise velocities alone. Mean pairwise velocities are much less sensitive to systematic redshift errors than the luminosity distance test or weak lensing techniques, andmore » also are only mildly affected by systematic evolution of supernova luminosity.« less
Weaving a tapestry: creating a satellite workshop to support HS CS teachers in attracting and engaging students

In this paper, we describe the Tennessee Technological University (TTU) Tapestry Workshop for high school (HS) teachers. The Tapestry Workshop initiative - a collaborative partnership between TTU, the University of Virginia (UVA) and HS teachers - shares strategies, practices, and innovative ideas for teaching Computer Science (CS) effectively. This three-day professional development workshop utilized informational, technical, networking, activity-, and discussion-oriented sessions geared towards attracting and engaging a diverse body of CS students. The workshop was a worthwhile professional development activity for both the organizers and attendees and contributed to the initiation of a local HS CS program.
Characteristics of 600 V / 450 A IGBT module assembled by Ag sintering technology

Up to now, more than 180 countries including China, Japan, EU and others have signed the Kyoto Protocol, then “Energy-saving and Carbon reduction” becomes a popular slogan and an important mission to protect the environment and to pursue the national sustainability. Taiwanese government is pushing the R&D institutes like ITRI to develop the renewable energies and smart grid technologies, and is also making many environmental policies as well for driving the people to purchase the eco-products like electric car, hybrid car and household appliances to reach the goal of Carbon reduction, and the industries are also actively involved in the mass production of the key components such as high power IGBT modules for EV / HEV, intelligent power module (IPM) for air-conditioner, and MOSFET SiP modules for the power management of consumer electronics and hand-held machine tools. ITRI has already achieved a 600 V / 450 A IGBT module composed of IGBTs and freewheel diodes (FWD) for EV / HEV applications. Previously, a Pb-free solder perform with a thickness of 100 µm was adopted to attach 2 IGBTs and 2 FWDs on one Al 2 O 3 direct bonded copper (DBC) substrate in a vacuum reflow oven, and 3 DBCs were then soldered on a Cu baseplate by a solder perform as well, by this structure, the junction temperature of the IGBT device is very close to 150°C and may deteriorate the long-term reliability. Therefore, a Ag paste sintering method was used to replace the conventional soldering process to improve the thermal dissipation and to lower the junction temperature. With an optimized process condition, a voidless die attaching joint was gained, and the die shear strength was as high as 27 MPa. Furthermore, a reduction of 22% of thermal resistance was measured by using Ag sintering, and the electrical performance of the newly developed power module was fully reported in this study.
Binding of drugs to plasma proteins of swine during the perinatal period.

Abstract The binding of 14 C-labeled salicylic acid, pentobarbital, thiopental, barbital and nicotine to plasma of swine was studied as a function of perinatal age by equilibrium dialysis. Binding was studied at several drug concentrations, and three age-related profiles were observed. One profile, exhibited by the binding in plasma of the fetal and newborn pig, was characterized by a rapid increase in binding during the first week postpartum. The age-related increase in binding of salicylic acid was probably a function of the distinct fetal and neonatal hypoalbuminemia occurring in this species at birth and to the rise in albumin concentrations during the first 2 weeks postpartum. The binding of pentobarbital and thiopental presented a second developmental profile, characterized by high fractional binding at low drug concentrations and low binding at high drug concentrations in fetal plasma. This concentration-dependent spread in binding values decreased markedly to attain a pattern similar to that of the adult by the first week postpartum. A third profile, characterized by low fractional binding at all ages, was observed for nicotine and barbital. The biphasic binding profile obtained with pentobarbital and thiopental was probably not related to lipoprotein content of plasma or to interference with binding to albumin caused by the binding of endogenous substances, such as fatty acids or bilirubin.
Contractile Response to Endothelin in Myocytes Expressing Troponin I Ser43/45 Substitution Mutants

Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by the neurohormone, endothelin increases peak shortening and accelerates relaxation in adult rat cardiac myocytes. Endothelin-activated PKC also phosphorylates cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and our laboratory previously demonstrated a temporal role for the cTnIThr144 and cTnISer23/24 phosphorylation sites in the accelerated relaxation response to endothelin. The goal of the present study is to determine whether cTnISer43/45, a third potential target for PKC-mediated phosphorylation, plays a significant role in the contractile response to endothelin. Contractile function in adult rat cardiac myocytes expressing either cardiac troponin I with Ser43/45Ala (cTnIS43/45A) or Ser43/45Asp (cTnIS43/45D) substitutions was measured 4 days after gene transfer. Western analysis demonstrated 85-90% replacement of endogenous cTnI with cTnIFLAG, cTnIS43/45AFLAG, or cTnIS43/45DFLAG by 4 days post-gene transfer. The amplitude of sarcomere shortening increased 13.2+4.6% and the return velocity, a measure of relaxation rate increased 14.4+6.3% (n=14) in response to 10 nM endothelin over 15 min. In myocytes expressing cTnIS43/45A or cTnIS43/45D, the relaxation response to endothelin was similar to myocytes expressing cTnI or cTnIFLAG over the same time interval. The substitution mutant, cTnISer43/45Ala/Thr144Pro (cTnIA2P) was then studied to further investigate the role of individual cTnI phosphorylation sites in the endothelin response. Gene transfer of cTnIA2P produced significant cTnI replacement in preliminary studies of adult myocytes. However, in contrast to cTnIS43/45A or cTnIS43/45D, the accelerated relaxation response to 15 min of 10 nM endothelin was reduced in myocytes expressing cTnIA2P compared to cTnI-expressing myocytes (-2.3+ 4.7%, n=3). These preliminary results suggest Thr144, but not Ser43/45 plays a role in accelerating relaxation rate during the initial response to PKC activation by endothelin.
Structure and Dynamics of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 1 VP1-Unique N-Terminal Domain and Its Role in Capsid Trafficking

The importance of the phospholipase A2 domain located within the unique N terminus of the capsid viral protein VP1 (VP1u) in parvovirus infection has been reported. This study used computational methods to characterize the VP1 sequence for adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes 1 to 12 and circular dichroism and electron microscopy to monitor conformational changes in the AAV1 capsid induced by temperature and the pHs encountered during trafficking through the endocytic pathway. Circular dichroism was also used to monitor conformational changes in AAV6 capsids assembled from VP2 and VP3 or VP1, VP2, and VP3 at pH 7.5. VP1u was predicted (computationally) and confirmed (in solution) to be structurally ordered. This VP domain was observed to undergo a reversible pH-induced unfolding/refolding process, a loss/gain of α-helical structure, which did not disrupt the capsid integrity and is likely facilitated by its difference in isoelectric point compared to the other VP sequences assembling the capsid. This study is the first to physically document conformational changes in the VP1u region that likely facilitate its externalization from the capsid interior during infection and establishes the order of events in the escape of the AAV capsid from the endosome en route to the nucleus.
Effects of parental alcoholism and life stress on hispanic and non-hispanic caucasian adelescents: A prospective study

Investigated ethnicity and parental alcoholism as factors that might influence the stress vulnerability of adolescents. It extended an initial cross-sectional study of this same sample by adding two annual assessments which allowed for additional cross-sectional analyses and longitudinal tests. Hispanic and Caucasian adolescents (N = 306 at Time 1) completed measures of their own life stress, family conflict, and alcohol use. Their parents reported on adolescents' internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Cross-sectional analyses at Time 2, and prospective analyses involving Time 1 and Time 2 measures were, for the most part, consistent with the original study's results. Caucasian adolescents and children of alcoholic parents appeared to be more vulnerable to stress than Hispanic adolescents and children of nonalcoholic parents. Family conflict was a partial explanation for this increased vulnerability.
Hormone Induced Hip Dysplasia in Dogs

Abstract— Hip dysplasia occurred in five of seventeen genotypically normal dogs which were given estradiol for a prolonged period of time. Dysplasia occurred much more frequently in males and in dogs given higher levels of estrogen in early life. The incidence of hip dysplasia was increased in a group often genetically predisposed dogs including three males given estradiol and seven females given testosterone. Resume— On donna de l'oestradiol a dix-sept chiens de genotype normal pendant une longue periode de temps: cinq d'entre eux presentment de la dysplasie de la hanvhe. Cette affection se produisit bien plus frequemment chez les mâles et chez les chiens qui avaient recu des quantites d'osetrogene plus importantes dans le jeune âge. La dysplasie de la hanche fut plus frequente dans un groupe de dix chiens geneiquement predisposes, parmi lesquels trois mâles avaient recu de l'oestradiol et sept femelles, de la testosterone. Zusammenfassung— Huftendysplasie trat bei funf von siebzehn normalen Hunden auf, ide uber langere Zeit Gaben von Ostradiol erhielten. Viel haufiger trat die Dysplasie bei mannlichen Tieren und bei denjenigen Hunden auf, die hohere Dosen Osteogen schon als Welpen erhielten. Das Auftreten der Huftendysplasie wurde haufiger in einer Gruppe von zehn genetisch pradisponierten Hunden, darunter drei Ruden, die Ostradiol, und sieben Weibchen, die Testosterone erhielten, beobachtet.
The temperature-vorticity analogy in boundary layers

Abstract Under certain generally-accepted assumptions, the analogy between temperature and vorticity for the viscous, two-dimensional flow of a fluid with constant properties can be extended to compressible boundary-layer flows. Within the scope of the assumptions, temperature is linearly related to shear stress, rather than to vorticity. The consequences of such a relationship are discussed for both laminar and turbulent flows. The temperature-shear-stress analogy is analyzed for the flow over a semi-infinite flat plate with a point heat source of strength Q located at the leading edge. Velocity and temperature profiles are presented for compressible laminar flow. They are non-similar, and depend upon the parameter S = ( Q / k ∞ T ∞ ) R x −1/2 . Furthermore, they resemble the profiles of a compressible boundary layer on an insulated flat plate with M ∞ 2 ∝ S and with no heat source. Experimental results were obtained which agree well with the theoretical calculations for laminar flows. However, the data do not follow the predictions of the temperature-vorticity analogy in transitional and turbulent-flow regimes, thereby demonstrating the inadequacy of the assumptions used in the theory. It was also found that the Reynolds number at which transition began could be adjusted by varying the strength of the heat source, with heat addition by means of the point source serving to delay transition to turbulence. It is suggested that there may be an important connection between the effects of Mach number and of point source heat addition upon the stability and transition characteristics of compressible boundary layers.
Phosphorus, Nitrogen, and Silica as Controls on Phytoplankton Biomass and Species Composition in Lake Champlain (USA-Canada)

Abstract The long-standing assumption that the phytoplankton in Lake Champlain are phosphorus limited was tested through measurement of physiological indicators of phosphorus status (alkaline phosphatase activity and orthophosphate turnover time) and enrichment experiments conducted four times during the growth season. Phosphorus addition to experimental carboys incubated 4–5 days in situ substantially increased phytoplankton biomass relative to controls in June, but had only a mild impact in July and September, and no effect in May. Nitrogen addition augmented biomass in one of four experiments (in June), while silica had no impact at any time. In summer and fall, addition of N and P in combination always yielded more phytoplankton biomass than singular P addition. In spring, even combined addition of N, P, and Si failed to stimulate phytoplankton growth. The phytoplankton groups responding to fertilization were largely the same as those that flourished in controls (diatoms and green algae), suggesting that enclosure was a more powerful determinant of species composition than nutrient inputs. Orthophosphate turnover times and levels of alkaline phosphatase activity in the lake indicated spatial and temporal variability in phytoplantkon P status, with P sufficiency as common as P deficiency. We conclude that multiple interacting factors influence the abundance and species composition of phytoplankton in Lake Champlain. In spring, phytoplankton growth is not limited by N, Si, or P, but by some factor yet to be determined (perhaps light or temperature). In summer, P is the principal limiting nutrient, but N exerts an influence that deserves further investigation.
Intervening sequences in a Dictyostelium gene that encodes a low abundance class mRNA

Using S1 nuclease protection experiments and DNA sequencing, we have identified two intervening sequences (introns) within a Dictyostelium gene that codes for a low abundance class mRNA. The two introns are located within the protein coding region of this gene. Both are small (approximately 100 bp) and extremely (approximately 95%) A + T rich. The splice junction sequences are similar to the splice sites in other eukaryotes. Finally, we have shown that these introns are transcribed as part of a higher molecular weight nuclear precursor.