cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rising environmental temperatures and biogeography: poleward range contraction of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis L., in the western Atlantic

Aim We tested whether the contraction of the equatorward boundary of an intertidal organism, the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, was due to high summer temperatures limiting mortality. Location The Atlantic coast of the United States. Methods Field transplant experiments were conducted at three locations along the US Atlantic coast. Survival and heat shock protein 70 expression were determined at biweekly intervals. Air and water temperature profiles were used to model current and historical patterns of mortality, and to determine rates of temperature change. Results High levels of mortality and expression of the inducible heat shock protein 70 were observed after multiple consecutive aerial exposures of 32 � Co r greater. Since 1960, seasonal air and water temperatures have increased along the eastern US seaboard, and south of Lewes, DE (38.8� N) summer sea surface temperature increases have exceeded the upper lethal limits of this organism. Main conclusions Along the southern portion of its range, intertidal populations of M. edulis have experienced catastrophic mortality directly associated with summer high temperatures. Over the past 50 years, a geographic contraction of the southern, equatorward range edge of M. edulis has occurred, shifting the range edge approximately 350 km north of the previous limit at Cape Hatteras, NC (35.2� N).
Lmx1b, a LIM homeodomain class transcription factor, is necessary for normal development of multiple tissues in the anterior segment of the murine eye

Proper development of the anterior segment of the mammalian eye is critical for normal ocular function. Indeed, several congenital syndromes associated with anterior segment anomalies can lead to impaired vision and glaucoma. One such syndrome is nail patella syndrome (NPS), caused by haploinsufficiency for the LIM-homeodomain transcription factor LMX1B. Although mutations in LMX1B cosegregate with NPS, whether these mutations cause the glaucoma associated with NPS is not known. Here, we provide evidence that the LIM-homeodomain transcription factor lmx1b is an essential regulator of murine anterior segment development. Mice that are homozygous for a targeted mutation of lmx1b display iris and ciliary body hypoplasia, and cornea stromal defects. In addition, two cDNAs normally downregulated in presumptive cornea, mf1 and mfh1, exhibit persistent expression, while keratocan, a keratin sulfate proteoglycan expressed by keratocytes, is not detected in mutant corneas. Moreover, ultrastructural examination of homozygous mutants indicates that corneal collagen fibrillogenesis is perturbed. Taken together, our studies suggest a developmental etiology for glaucoma in NPS patients and highlight lmx1b as an essential regulator of anterior segment morphogenesis and patterning. genesis 26:15-25, 2000.
Why Do They Return? Abused Wives in Shelters

question, Why do abused wives re main with their husbands? (Gelles, 1976, p. 659). A multitude of psycho logical, sociopsychological, and social factors, such as traditional sexual ideology (Pagelow, 1981), fear (Mar tin, 1976), poor self-image (Truninger, 1971), hope that the husband will re form (Roy, 1977), and the impact of the husband's expressions of love or sorrow (Gayford, 1975; Dobash and Dobash, 1979, p. 147; Conroy, 1982) have been considered as influences on decisions women make either to
Priority of Activity-Friendly Community Issues Among Key Decision Makers in Hawaii

Background: The U.S. Community Guide to Preventive Services strongly recommends changes in urban design, land use and accessibility to increase physical activity. To achieve these goals, policy change is often needed. This study assessed attitudes of decision makers in Hawaii to determine if physical activity related issues are among their priorities. Methods: State and county officials (n = 179) were mailed surveys. Respondents listed the three most important problems (open-ended) in Hawaii and rated the importance of 23 specified problems, of which six directly related to physical activity. Results: The survey was completed by 126 (70.4%) respondents. The most frequently mentioned categories for the open-ended questions were affordable housing, environment/sustainability, sprawl/traffic/population growth, and healthcare. Among the closed-ended physical activity related items, increasing traffic was ranked highest (43.9%) and fourth overall. Less than 12% of decision makers rated other physical activity ...
The higher order unscented filter

This article proposes a technique for the selection of the /spl sigma/-set for a probability distribution approximation filter, i.e., the unscented filter. The /spl sigma/-set is selected so as to capture the higher order input statistics. The Taylor series expansion is used to illustrate that the 3/sup rd/ order and higher statistics of the nonlinear transformation can be reproduced while the unscented filter captures the statistics up to the 3/sup rd/ order only. Two benchmark problems are used to corroborate the proposed solution.
Blackbody pumped N2-CO2 transfer laser

The power and intrinsic efficiency of a small N2-CO2 fluid mixing transfer laser has been measured. Powers of 1.4 watts and intrinsic efficiencies for 0.7 percent were found for N2 oven temperatures of 1473 K. Laser output was optimized for He, CO2 and N2 partial pressures, output mirror reflectivity, nozzle diameter and oven temperature.
Development of no-flow underfill for board level assembly

In this paper, no-flow underfill formulations are developed to provide reworkability, high impact resistance, and good reliability for board level components. The designed underfill materials are characterized with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermal mechanical analyzer (TMA), and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The potential reworkability of the underfills is evaluated using a die shear test at elevated temperature. The 3-point bending test and the DMA frequency sweep indicate that the developed materials have high fracture toughness and good damping properties. CSP components are assembled on a board using a no-flow underfill process and a high interconnect yield is achieved. Reworkability of the underfills is demonstrated. Reliability of the components is evaluated in air-to-air thermal shock (AATS). The developed formulations have potential high reliability for board level components.
Implementing a TQM Strategy Through Surveying Employee Attitudes and Perceptions

Competition and consumer demand for quality are driving companies toward a new view of quality as a vital strategy for success. A new business philosophy of Total Quality Management (TQM) is the direct outcome of these forces. Before implementing a TQM system the firm must first assess its current quality posture. Surveying employee attitudes and perceptions about quality and related issues is the first step in implementing a TQM system. Part One provides an overview of the design, administration, and analysis of the survey as well as implications of survey results for the firm's quality program. Part Two provides a detailed discussion of sampling procedures, sample size decisions, and analysis of the results of the survey. Part Two also includes a sample questionnaire which can be used in employee attitudes surveys.
Thermodynamic properties of actinide carbides

Abstract This paper is a survey of the literature on the thermodynamic properties of the actinide carbides since the review of Holley and Storms (1967). For uranium sesquicarbide and plutonium monocarbide there are sufficient new data to permit computation of the relevant thermodynamic functions as a function of temperature.
Lessons Learned from the Reimbursement Profile of a Mature Private Medical Toxicology Practice: Office-Based Practice Pays

We previously reported the financial data for the first 5 years of one of the author’s medical toxicology practice. The practice has matured; changes have been made. The practice is increasing its focus on office-based encounters and reducing hospital-based acute care encounters. We report the reimbursement rates and other financial metrics of the current practice. Financial records from October 2009 through September 2013 were reviewed. This is a period of 4 fiscal years and represents the currently available financial data. Charges, payments, and reimbursement rates were recorded according to the type and setting of the medical toxicology encounter: forensic consultations, outpatient clinic encounters, nonpsychiatric inpatient consultations, emergency department (ED) consultations, and inpatient psychiatric consultations. All patients were seen regardless of ability to pay or insurance status. The number of billed Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for office-based encounters increased over the study period; the number of billed CPT codes for inpatient and ED consultations reduced. Office-based encounters demonstrate a higher reimbursement rate and higher payments. In the fiscal year (FY) of 2012, office-based revenue exceeded hospital-based acute care revenue by over $140,000 despite a higher number of billed CPT encounters in acute care settings, and outpatient payments were 2.39 times higher than inpatient, inpatient psychiatry, observation unit, and ED payments combined. The average payment per CPT code was higher for outpatient clinic encounters than inpatient encounters for each fiscal year studied. There was an overall reduction in CPT billing volume between FY 2010 and FY 2013. Despite this, there was an increase in total practice revenue. There was no change in payor mix, practice logistics, or billing/collection service company. In this medical toxicology practice, office-based encounters demonstrate higher reimbursement rates and overall payments compared to inpatient and ED consultations. While consistent with our previous studies, these differences have been accentuated. This study demonstrates the results of changes to the practice—reduced inpatient/ED consultations and increased outpatient encounters. These practice changes resulted in higher overall revenue despite a lower patient volume. In this analysis, the office-based practice of medical toxicology has higher reimbursement rates, nearly 2.5 times higher, when compared to hospital-based acute care consultations.
Simulation as a service (SMaaS): a cloud-based framework to support the educational use of scientific software

Large manufacturers increasingly leverage modelling and simulation to improve quality and reduce cost. Small manufacturers have not adopted these techniques due to sizable upfront costs for expertise, software and hardware. The software as a service (SaaS) model provides access to applications hosted in a cloud environment, allowing users to try services at low cost and scale as needed. We have extended SaaS to include high-performance computing-hosted applications, thus creating simulation as a service (SMaaS). Polymer portal is a first-generation SMaaS platform designed to integrate access to multiple modelling, simulation and training services. Polymer portal provides a number of features including an e-commerce front end, common AAA service, and support for both cloud-hosted virtual machine (VM) images and high-performance computing (HPC) jobs. It has been deployed for six months and has been used successfully for a number of training and simulation activities. This paper describes the requirements, challenges, design and implementation of the polymer portal.
A Role for Stat1 in the Regulation of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Interleukin-1β Expression

Because the induction of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is critical to antibacterial host defenses and its excessive generation is a prominent component of sepsis, regulation of this proinflammatory cytokine is a critical factor in the immune response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We previously showed that LPS-induced IL-1β expression was regulated by a Stat1-dependent, nitric oxide (NO)-mediated mechanism. Subsequent in vivo studies showed that whereas Stat1 had a role in the downregulation of IL-1β expression, it had a more significant effect on its initial induction. Although both interferon-β (IFN-β) and IFN-γ activate Stat1, the early appearance of IFN-β in the circulation after LPS administration suggested its pivotal role in Stat1-mediated IL-1β expression in vivo. Further in vitro analysis of peritoneal macrophages from IFN-β –/–, Stat1–/–, and caspase-1–/– mice and their wild-type controls following LPS stimulation demonstrated that IL-1β mRNA was expressed in these mice but not in macrophages from MyD88–...
The Economics of Reform in the Middle Ages

Scholarship has long recognized the primary economic mission of eleventh-century Church reform as the restitution and protection of ecclesiastical property. Most monographs on the subject of reform regard the economic changes of the period as fundamental to wider negotiations of power. While the study of land tenure offers one context in which to examine how customary authority and canon law intersect, more recent work reveals a much more complex landscape of economic concerns. In particular, some excellent studies published in the last two decades consider the relationship between reform polemic and its manifestation on the ground. The interpretive shift towards a focus on local reform movements and the move towards studying the economic aspects of reform should often go hand in hand. In this way, we may arrive at a more holistic understanding of the economic issues raised during the most intense period of reform, from 1046 (Synod of Sutri) to 1122 (Concordat of Worms).
A real-time distributed scheduling service for middleware systems

The latest version of real-time CORBA defines a distributable thread primitive to support real-time computing in a dynamic distributed environment. However, this standard does not provide support for making and enforcing global decisions. This paper describes the framework for a distributed scheduling service (DSS) that provides globally sound decision-making and scheduling enforcement to real-time distributed systems. The paper describes the design and implementation of the framework, as well as preliminary performance results.
A Preconditioned Recycling GMRES Solver for Stochastic Helmholtz Problems

We present a parallel Schwarz type domain decomposition preconditioned recycling Krylov subspace method for the numerical solution of stochastic indefinite elliptic equations with two random coefficients. Karhunen-Loeve expansions are used to represent the stochastic variables and the stochastic Galerkin method with dou- ble orthogonal polynomials is used to derive a sequence of uncoupled deterministic equations. We show numerically that the Schwarz preconditioned recycling GMRES method is an effective technique for solving the entire family of linear systems and, in particular, the use of recycled Krylov subspaces is the key element of this successful approach.
Organizational-DDM risk management model and algorithm for virtual enterprise

In view of the virtual enterprisespsila characteristics of organization and operation, the idea of distributed decision-making (DDM) is applied to the management of the virtual enterprisespsila risks, with an organizational-DDM risk management model developed for those virtual enterprises which are in relation to enforced-team, and describes how to reserve the best risk-controlling funds according to the forecasted risks in different operation stages from the beginning, and how to take best measures to control the risk and the investment of each stage especially the specific risk which is possible at a certain operation stages. To solve the model, a genetic algorithm is developed. The computing results on simulative examples show the effectiveness and feasibility of the model and algorithm for the risk management of virtual enterprises.
H Controller Design via State Feedback for Uncertain Discrete-time Singularly Perturbed Systems

This paper considers the state feedback Hinfin control problem for standard discrete-time singularly perturbed systems with polytopic uncertainties. Two methods for designing Hinfin controllers are given in terms of solutions to a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), where one of them is with the consideration of improving the upper bound of singular perturbation parameter epsiv. Moreover, a method of evaluating the upper bound of singular perturbation parameter epsiv with meeting a prescribed Hinfin performance bound requirement is also given. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Dynamics and patterns of deforestation in the western Amazon: the Napo deforestation front, 1986–1996

Although much emphasis has been given to the Brazilian Amazon in the analysis of tropical deforestation, information on other areas of the Amazon is scarce. This study examines the deforestation and level of forest fragmentation in one of the two deforestation fronts in the Amazon region outside Brazil: the Napo region of western Amazonia. Data were generated using satellite imagery for the years 1986 and 1996. Results show that while the extent and rate of deforestation in the region are important, they are less than previously reported. Forest fragmentation, however, adds a significant level of impact by affecting a very large proportion of the remaining forest cover. Better understanding of the dynamics and patterns of deforestation at regional, national and global levels requires the study of a representative number of areas. A regional focus, like that used here, facilitates this because most deforestation occurs in a small number of high-intensity deforestation fronts. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Logic Design Concepts

This chapter presented an overview of basic logic design. The focus was mostly on the design techniques and not on their theoretical background. We covered combinational and sequential circuits at the gate and RT levels. At the combinational gate-level, we discussed Karnaugh maps, but mainly concentrated on the use of iterative hardware and packages. In the sequential part, state machines were treated at the gate level; we also discussed sequential packages such as counters and shift-registers. The use of these packages facilitates RT level designs and use of HDLs in design.
On the Feasibility of Benefit-Cost Analysis

The correct conduct of benefit-cost analyses requires that consistency be maintained between benefit-cost measures and rationing-supply acquisition policies. This article demonstrates the technical and political difficulties that are associated with maintaining this required consistency. Given these difficulties, we question the feasibility of conducting correctly benefit-cost studies.
Pharmacist Refusals: Dispensing (With) Religious Accommodation under Title VII

Pharmacists with greater frequency are refusing to fill certain prescriptions on religious grounds. These employees contend that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act requires pharmacies to accommodate refusing pharmacists by allowing other pharmacists to fill objectionable prescriptions. Some employers embrace this view and accommodate refusing pharmacists by sending customers to other pharmacies to have their prescriptions filled. This Note examines Title VII's requirement that employers provide reasonable accommodations for employees' religious beliefs unless those accommodations would create an undue hardship on the business. Part I outlines the two-prong analysis for evaluating religious accommodation claims once a prima facie case of religious discrimination is established. Part II applies that two-prong analysis to explore the various accommodations available for refusing pharmacists. For each accommodation that objecting pharmacists are likely to find reasonable, the Note demonstrates that the accommodation usually imposes a greater than de minimis cost on the employer, and hence would not be required under Title VII. The Note concludes by observing that some employers choosing to accommodate pharmacists beyond the obligations of Title VII may be using the law as a pretense to justify policies that some customers and pressure groups find objectionable. This Note's exploration of the actual requirements for religious accommodation under Title VII therefore serves as a valuable tool to distinguish between employers' legal obligations and their voluntary employment practices.
A Modern Treatment of the Ricardian Economy: II. CApital and Interest Aspects of the Pricing Process

Back to the beginning, 217. — Time and interest, 219. — Failure of the labor theory, 220. — A simple corn economy, 222. — The special timeless case, 222. — The extreme Torrens-Ricardo Case, 223. — Land scarcity and falling interest, 225. — A long-run, constant floor for interest, 227. — The land theory restated, 228. — A final word, 230.
The Homogeneity and Discreteness of Membrane Domains

This volume has given us an excellent opportunity to examine the flow and interactions of cellular membranes. It is clear that scientists with diverse interests are now involved in “membranology,” and their special expertise adds new dimensions to the field. Endocrinologists, immunologists, physical chemists, and cell biologists are all reviewing their systems in a common forum.
An improved synthetic medium for oospore production and germination of several Phytophthora species.

Growth of Phytophthora arecae, P. cactorum, P. cambivora, P. capsici, P. cinnamomi, P. citricola, P. citrophthora, P. colocasiae, P. cryptogea, P. drechsleri, P. erythroseptica, P. fragariae, P. he...
Age at onset of first signs or symptoms predicts age at loss of ambulation in Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy: Data from the MD STARnet.

PURPOSE We investigated the prognostic utility of onset age at first signs and symptoms (SS) to predict onset age at loss of ambulation (LOA) for childhood-onset Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophies (DBMD). METHODS Our cohort comprised male cases with DBMD ascertained by the population-based Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance, Tracking, and Research Network (MD STARnet). Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models for associations between onset ages of first SS and LOA. Covariates controlled for were corticosteroid use, family history of DBMD, birth year, race/ethnicity, and MD STARnet site. Onset age at first SS was considered as a continuous and as a categorical variable. RESULTS A one-year increase in onset age at first SS was significantly associated with a 10% reduction in annual risk of LOA (HR = 0.90, CI = 0.87-0.94). Treating onset age at first SS as a categorical variable yielded a similar association (≥ 5 years: referent; ≥ 3 to < 5 years: HR = 1.36, CI = 1.02-1.81; 18 months to < 3 years: HR = 1.72, CI = 1.31-2.26; < 18 months: HR = 1.52, CI = 1.14-2.02). CONCLUSIONS Earlier onset age at first SS is associated with earlier onset age at LOA and may have clinical utility in differentiating childhood-onset Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies.
Near-infrared Optical-resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy with 1046 nm Illumination

Due to weaker scattering, near-infrared light can penetrate deep in tissue. We demonstrate near-infrared optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy with 1046 nm illumination and validate its deep imaging capability both in phantoms and in vivo.
Transient inward current, delayed afterdepolarizations, and calmodulin kinase

Cardiac arrhythmias occur in a wide variety of conditions where increased intracellular Ca 2+ is known to occur, including myocardial ischemia, cardiac glycoside toxicity, congestive heart failure, and excessive prolongation of action potential duration. The multifunctional Ca 2+ /calmodulin dependent protein kinaseⅡ(CaM kinase) is an important physiologic target for intracellular Ca 2+ and regulates key control points for intracellular Ca 2+ homeostasis, including L-type Ca 2+ current, release and uptake of Ca 2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Since CaM kinase is uniquely positioned to affect Ca 2+ sensitive ionic currents and resultant arrhythmias, CaM kinase may also be an effective antiarrhythmic drug target. The transient inward current (I ti ) triggers delayed afterdepolarizations, which are a likely cause of Ca 2+ overload arrhythmias. The identity of I ti is controversial, but appears to result from different ionic currents depending on the experimental conditions. These currents are likely activated by intracellular Ca 2+ because I ti always follows excessive intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations ([Ca 2+ ] i). The studies from our laboratory indicate that three different [Ca 2+ ] i sensitive currents, which could contribute to I ti , are present in rabbit ventricular myocytes. These currents are the Na +/Ca 2+ exchanger, the Ca 2+ activated Cl - current, and the Ca 2+ activated non-selective cation current. We also found that I ti was suppressed by CaM kinase inhibitory peptides in the presence of physiologic solutions. These data support the hypothesis: CaM kinase can augment I ti during clinically relevant conditions, which are associated with increased [Ca 2+ ] i, and thus act as a proarrhythmic signaling molecule.
Debugging for Back Pressure Steam-Driven Induced-Draft Fan

The steam water flow and air-gas system flow for back pressure steam-driven induced-draft fans are introduced.The rotation speed,power consumption and control strategy of the induced-draft fan before and after retrofit are compared.According to the stall of variable speed fan in the mode of fixed speed fan and variable speed fan parallel operation during the debugging of the back pressure steam-driven induced-draft fan (IDF),the method for judging whether the variable speed induced-fan is loaded and the method for adjusting the operation mode and control strategy are proposed.The shortage of power capacity for one turbine induced-draft fan when the unit is in low load or in runback mode is analyzed with the remedial measures promoted.The merits and demerits of the retrofit for back pressure steam-driven induced-draft fans are summarized for reference.
On-line intraoperative quantitation of regional myocardial perfusion during coronary artery bypass graft operations with myocardial contrast two-dimensional echocardiography.

We hypothesized that the success of coronary artery bypass graft operations could be assessed by means of on-line quantitative myocardial contrast echocardiography. Accordingly, myocardial contrast echocardiography was performed at baseline and after each placement of venous graft in 21 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft operations. Time-intensity plots were generated on-line with the use of a dedicated computer system, and areas under the curve were assessed for each injection. Successful on-line quantitation of myocardial contrast echocardiography data was performed in 17 patients; this allowed comparison before and after coronary artery bypass graft operations for 21 grafts, with agreement between expert visual analysis and quantitative data in 91 % of these cases. Three distinct perfusion patterns were noted on myocardial contrast echocardiography: (1) reduced contrast effect before coronary artery bypass graft operations with improvement after coronary artery bypass graft operations (n = 11); (2) adequate contrast effect before coronary artery bypass graft operations with no change after coronary artery bypass graft operations (n = 9) (for patients in group 2, the mean percentage of coronary stenosis was less than the mean for patients in group 1—67% ± 25 % vs. 88 % ± 20 %, p = 0.05); and (3) no contrast effect either before or after coronary artery bypass graft operations in one patient with previous infarction. One third of the time (34 of 95 injections), on-line quantitation was unsuccessful. Failure was related three times more often to problems associated with myocardial contrast echocardiography, such as attenuation and inadequate quality of bubbles, than to computer failure. Despite its limitations, on-line quantitative myocardial contrast echocardiography is feasible in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft operations and provides important objective information regarding the success of revascularization.
Investigating the role of implicit prototypes in the prototype willingness model.

One useful theory to predict health behavior is the prototype-willingness model (PWM), which posits that people are more willing to engage in behavior to the extent that they have a positive view of the prototypical person who performs that behavior. The goal of the present research is to test whether adding an implicit measure of prototype favorability might improve explanatory power in the PWM. Two studies examined whether implicit prototype favorability uniquely predicted White women’s intentions to engage in healthy sun behavior over the next 3–6 months, and their willingness to engage in risky sun behavior, should the opportunity arise. The results suggested that implicit prototype favorability, particularly implicit prototypes of those who engage in risky UV-related behaviors, uniquely predicted intentions to engage in healthy sun behavior and willingness to engage in risky sun behavior in the PWM.
Droplet manipulation on a structured shape memory polymer surface

While methods for dynamic tuning of surface wettability to manipulate water droplets have been widely explored for many applications including digital microfluidics, those based on dynamically changeable surface morphology have remained challenging to achieve. In this work, we present a structured shape memory polymer (SMP) surface which shows dynamically tunable surface wettability through changeable surface morphology in order to manipulate water droplets. The structured SMP surface involves a SMP pillar array consisting of nanotextured small and large pillars which can change its morphology between permanent and temporary shapes upon thermomechanical loading. Specifically, the structured SMP surface dynamically creates a surface morphological gradient and changes its surface wettability during thermally induced shape recovery of the SMP pillar array. Different wetting characteristics of the structured SMP surface between permanent and temporary shapes are theoretically predicted and experimentally verified. Based on these measured wetting characteristics, the structured SMP surface is designed to demonstrate that the morphological difference between two shapes under a water droplet overcomes contact angle hysteresis, resulting in driving a water droplet, when combined with the thermal Marangoni effect.
Stereotypes, Warnings, and Identity-Related Variables Influence Older Adults' Susceptibility to Associative False Memory Errors.

Background and objectives Activating ageist stereotypes can impair older adults' ability to remember information. This effect has been shown to be strongest for older adults who possess certain characteristics (e.g., young-old, highly educated). The present study extended this line of research to investigate the relationship between stereotyping and false memory susceptibility in older adults. Research design and methods We first presented older adults with lists of associated words in an incidental learning paradigm. Afterward, we manipulated whether participants were presented with stereotypes about aging and whether they were given warnings about the associative nature of the lists. Participants then completed a yes/no recognition test and answered demographic questions. Results Older adults in the stereotyped group were more likely to falsely recognize non-presented theme words than older adults in the control group. Further, those who were highly educated and/or retired were most likely to experience this false memory susceptibility. Discussion and implications Similar to the research on veridical memory, these findings suggest that the effects of ageist stereotyping on older adults' false memory susceptibility may be best understood in terms of the individual differences that older adults possess. Identifying the types of people who are at risk of experiencing stereotype threat is an important step toward helping older adults avoid memory impairment in the presence of common stereotypes.
Table Talk: development of an observational tool to assess verbal feeding communications in early care and education settings.

Objective Children’s dietary intake impacts weight status and a range of short- and long-term health outcomes. Accurate measurement of factors that influence children’s diet is critical to the development and evaluation of interventions designed to improve children’s diets. The purpose of the current paper is to present the development of the Table Talk observational tool to measure early care and education teachers’ (ECET) verbal feeding communications. Design An observational tool to assess ECET verbal communication at mealtimes was deigned based on the extant literature. Trained observers conducted observations using the tool during lunch for both lead and assistant ECET. Descriptive statistics, test–retest for a subgroup, interclass correlations for each item, and comparisons between leads and assistants were conducted. Setting Head Start centres, Southern USA. Subjects Seventy-five Head Start educators. Results On average, 17·2 total verbal feeding communications (sd 8·9) were observed per ECET. For lead ECET, the most prevalent Supportive Comment was Exploring Foods whereas for assistants Making Positive Comments was the most prevalent. Overall, lead ECET enacted more Supportive Comments than assistant ECET (F(2,72)=4·8, P=0·03). The most common Unsupportive Comment was Pressuring to Eat, with a mean of 3·8 (sd 4·3) and a maximum of 25. There was no difference in Unsupportive Comments between lead and assistant ECET. Conclusions Table Talk may be a useful tool to assess verbal feeding communications of ECET, with potential applications such as informing ECET training and assessing intervention efforts.
A Novel Heart-Centered, Gratitude-Meditation Intervention to Increase Well-Being among Adolescents

Population studies paint a dismal picture of the mental health status of adolescents, in the US and worldwide. Positive psychology, which takes a preventative approach to keeping individuals in higher states of well-being, is being implemented increasingly among youth, with the goal of avoiding future mental health and psychological problems. In this study, a novel intervention, which fused the practice of meditation with gratitude visualizations, was tested among adolescents. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to determine the extent to which the intervention affected life satisfaction, school satisfaction, and measured gratitude, among a culturally diverse cohort of adolescents. Instrumentation consisted of three positive psychology measures—the Student Life Satisfaction Scale, the School Satisfaction Subscale, and the Gratitude Questionnaire-Six-Item Form. Participants were randomly assigned either to the delayed-intervention, no-treatment control group or to the experimental group. The four-week intervention was manualized primarily from the heart-centered gratitude visualizations outlined in a happiness and positive emotions handbook, The Jewels of Happiness: Inspiration and Wisdom to Guide Your Life-Journey. The intervention significantly affected life satisfaction, school satisfaction, and gratitude of the experimental group, when compared to the control group. Medium to large effect sizes were detected using the ANCOVA statistical test.
Receptive Vocabulary, Cognitive Flexibility, and Inhibitory Control Differentially Predict Older and Younger Adults' Success Perceiving Speech by Talkers With Dysarthria.

Purpose Previous research has demonstrated equivocal findings related to the effect of listener age on intelligibility ratings of dysarthric speech. The aim of the present study was to investigate ...
Ocotea heribertoi (Lauraceae), A New Species of Rain Forest Canopy Tree from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico

Abstract: Ocotea heribertoi is a remarkable new species from very high precipitation rain forests of the Chimalapa-Uxpanapa region of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Oaxaca and Veracruz, Mexico. It sports the largest known globose fruit within this large genus, borne in an unusual cupule, while the combination of vegetative and floral features indicate that it is apparently not closely related to any described species.
Apolipoprotein E isoform dependently affects Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is the major carrier protein that mediates the transport and delivery of cholesterol and other lipids in the brain. Three isoforms of ApoE (ApoE2, ApoE3, ApoE4) exist in humans, and their relative expression levels impact HIV-1 infection, HIV-1/AIDS disease progression, and cognitive decline associated with HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder. Because HIV-1 Tat, a viral protein essential for HIV-1 replication, can bind to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) that controls ApoE uptake in the brain, we determined the extent to which different isoforms of ApoE affected Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation. Using U87MG glioblastoma cells expressing LTR-driven luciferase, we determined the extent to which LRP1 as well as ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4 affected Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation. A specific LRP1 antagonist and siRNA knockdown of LRP1 both restricted significantly Tat-mediated LTR transactivation. Of the three ApoEs, ApoE4 was the least potent and effective at preventing HIV-1 Tat internalization and at decreasing Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation. Further, Tat-mediated LTR transactivation was attenuated by an ApoE mimetic peptide, and ApoE4-induced restriction of Tat-mediated LTR transactivation was potentiated by an ApoE4 structure modulator that changes ApoE4 into an ApoE3-like phenotype. These findings help explain observed differential effects of ApoEs on HIV-1 infectivity and the prevalence of HAND in people living with HIV-1 infection and suggest that ApoE mimetic peptides and ApoE4 structure modulator might be used as a therapeutic strategy against HIV-1 infection and associated neurocognitive disorders.
Relationship of Parental Involvement in Teens' Career Development to Teens' Attitudes, Perceptions, and Behavior.

A representative sample of United States high school seniors was employed to investigate relationships between parents' involvement in their teens' career development and (a) demographic variables, (b) teens' attitudes about education, (c) perceptions of their future, and (d) school and leisure behavior. Gender was related to parental involvement, with female teens indicating more involvement. Parental involvement was positively related to constructive school attitudes, favorable perceptions of the future, and productive behavior. Involvement was negatively related to substance use and behavior problems. Implications for counselors and educators were generated from results
Metal Transformation by a Novel Pelosinus Isolate From a Subsurface Environment.

The capability of microorganisms to alter metal speciation offers potential for the development of new strategies for immobilization of toxic metals in the environment. A metal-reducing microbe, “Pelosinus lilae” strain UFO1, was isolated under strictly anaerobic conditions from an Fe(III)-reducing enrichment established with uncontaminated soil from the Department of Energy Oak Ridge Field Research Center, Tennessee. “P. lilae” UFO1 is a rod-shaped, spore-forming, and Gram-variable anaerobe with a fermentative metabolism. It is capable of reducing the humic acid analog anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) using a variety of fermentable substrates and H_2. Reduction of Fe(III)-nitrilotriacetic acid occurred in the presence of lactate as carbon and electron donor. Ferrihydrite was not reduced in the absence of AQDS. Nearly complete reduction of 1, 3, and 5 ppm Cr(VI) occurred within 24 h in suspensions containing 10^8 cells mL^(−1) when provided with 10 mM lactate; when 1 mM AQDS was added, 3 and 5 ppm Cr(VI) were reduced to 0.1 ppm within 2 h. Strain UFO1 is a novel species within the bacterial genus Pelosinus, having 98.16% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the most closely related described species, Pelosinus fermentans R7^T. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 38 mol%, and DNA-DNA hybridization of “P. lilae” UFO1 against P. fermentans R7^T indicated an average 16.8% DNA-DNA similarity. The unique phylogenetic, physiologic, and metal-transforming characteristics of “P. lilae” UFO1 reveal it is a novel isolate of the described genus Pelosinus.
Targeting the Kidney in Acute Heart Failure: Can Old Drugs Provide New Benefit? Renal Optimization Strategies Evaluation in Acute Heart Failure (ROSE AHF) Trial

Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is the most common cause of hospital admission in persons aged >65 years, accounting for 1 000 000 admissions and >6 million hospital days.1 The total cost of HF care in the United States is currently estimated at $21 billion and is projected to increase to $53 billion in 2030 with the majority of costs (80%) related to ADHF hospitalizations.2 The prognosis of patients admitted with ADHF is dismal, with a 20% to 30% readmission rate and a 20% to 30% mortality rate within 6 months after admission.3 Studies have established the prognostic importance of renal function in patients with HF. Analysis from the second prospective randomized study of Ibopamine on mortality and efficacy4 was one of the first to demonstrate that estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was the strongest predictor of mortality in ADHF. In the ADHF national registry (ADHERE), 63% of patients with ADHF had moderate renal dysfunction (GFR<60 mL/min m2) on admission and in-hospital mortality was strongly associated with the severity of renal dysfunction.5 A meta-analysis of 16 studies characterizing the association between renal impairment and mortality in patients with HF indicated that 1-year mortality increased incrementally across the range of renal function with a 7% increase in risk for every 10 mL/min decrease in GFR.6 As recently reviewed,7 numerous more recent studies have confirmed the association of renal dysfunction with adverse short- and long-term outcomes in ADHF, an association which seems equally robust in patients with ADHF with reduced or preserved ejection fraction. In patients hospitalized with ADHF, several studies demonstrated that acute kidney injury (AKI) during treatment of ADHF is common, with increases in creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dL occurring in 25% to 30% of patients. Regardless of baseline renal function, AKI is associated …
“One Side Celebrates and the Other Side is Grieving”: Learning and Unlearning in Native American/Indigenous Studies Courses

Currently, few studies examine the learning and unlearning that takes place in Native American and Indigenous Studies (NAIS) courses with non-Native and predominately white undergraduate college students in the United States (US). Due to the unique history, political status, Native nationhood, and sovereignty of the United States' Indigenous Americans, there are unique issues associated with Native American studies content that differs from other diversity-focused courses. For many US-based college students, the opportunity to openly explore the historical and contemporary experiences of groups that are culturally and linguistically different from their own home culture often occurs when taking college courses (Chang 2002). The purpose of the current study was to understand how taking NAIS courses influences undergraduate college students' attitudes towards Indigenous people, their history, and contemporary experiences. This qualitative analysis focuses on NAIS courses as the site of inquiry and is part of a larger mixed methods research study.
Psychosis Literacy Among Latinos With First-Episode Psychosis and Their Caregivers

Objective:The study examined psychosis literacy among Latinos with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and their caregivers. The authors tested a model that knowledge of psychosis and attribution of illn...
Waveform Design for Improved Doppler Accracy

A waveform design procedure for improving the estimation of Doppler frequencies in active remote sensing applications is presented. The bound on frequency estimation is analyzed in terms of a continuous waveform, and the optimal waveform is inferred. Several waveform designs are analyzed, showing that a near-optimal dual-pulse waveform can achieve greater estimation accuracy than a single-pulse waveform using the same signal energy.
Faculty Perceptions And Knowledge Of Career Development Of Trainees In Biomedical Science: What Do We (Think We) Know?

The Broadening Experiences in Scientific Training (BEST) program is an NIH-funded effort testing the impact of career development interventions (e.g. internships, workshops, classes) on biomedical trainees (graduate students and postdoctoral fellows). BEST Programs seek to increase trainees' knowledge, skills and confidence to explore and pursue expanded career options, as well as to increase training in new skills that enable multiple career pathways. Faculty mentors are vital to a trainee's professional development, but data about how faculty members of biomedical trainees view the value of, and the time spent on, career development are lacking. Seven BEST institutions investigated this issue by conducting faculty surveys during their BEST experiment. The survey intent was to understand faculty perceptions around professional and career development for their trainees. Two different, complementary surveys were employed, one designed by Michigan State University (MSU) and the other by Vanderbilt University. Faculty (592) across five institutions responded to the MSU survey; 225 faculty members from two institutions responded to the Vanderbilt University survey. Participating faculty were largely tenure track and male; approximately 1/3 had spent time in a professional position outside of academia. Respondents felt a sense of urgency in introducing broad career activities for trainees given a recognized shortage of tenure track positions. They reported believing career development needs are different between a graduate student and postdoctoral fellow, and they indicated that they actively mentor trainees in career development. However, faculty were uncertain as to whether they actually have the knowledge or training to do so effectively. Faculty perceived that trainees themselves lack a knowledge base of skills that are of interest to non-academic employers. Thus, there is a need for exposure and training in such skills. Faculty stated unequivocally that institutional support for career development is important and needed. BEST Programs were considered beneficial to trainees, but the awareness of local BEST Programs and the national BEST Consortium was low at the time surveys were employed at some institutions. It is our hope that the work presented here will increase the awareness of the BEST national effort and the need for further career development for biomedical trainees.