cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intensive care unit admission predicts hospital readmission in pediatric trauma.

Abstract Background Hospital readmission in adult trauma is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization. In this study, we examine pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission as a risk factor for hospital readmission in pediatric trauma. Materials and methods This was a retrospective cohort study of patients aged 1 through 19 y in the Pediatric Health Information System database discharged with a trauma diagnosis. Patient and clinical variables included demographics, payer status, length of stay, chronic comorbid conditions, presence of mechanical ventilation, all-patient refined diagnosis-related group and calculated severity of illness, and discharge disposition. The main outcome variable was hospital readmission within 30 d of discharge. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated in both univariate and multivariate analyses with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results During the 5-year study period, 90,467 patients were admitted with a trauma diagnosis, of which 16,279 (18.0%) were admitted to the PICU. Hospital readmissions occurred in 3.1% of patients. On univariate analysis, patients admitted to the PICU on the first day of hospital admission (direct PICU admission), and those first admitted to the PICU after the day of hospital admission (delayed PICU admission), had 2-3 times the risk of hospital readmission compared with those never admitted to the PICU (4.8% versus 7.2% versus 2.7%, respectively, P Conclusions PICU admission, either direct or delayed, during hospitalization for trauma care is an independent risk factor for hospital readmission within 30 d of discharge. Further risk stratification may help focus resources on high-risk patients to improve clinical outcomes and reduce readmissions.
Astronomy: a constant surprise.

Whether ancient or new, in distant galaxies or our own cosmic back-yard, stars have dramatic similarities that hint at remarkably robust formative processes.
Unrecognized Cognitive Impairment and Its Effect on Heart Failure Readmissions of Elderly Adults

Objectives To determine whether 30-day readmissions were associated with presence of cognitive impairment more in elderly adults with heart failure (HF) than in those with other diagnoses and whether medical teams recognized cognitive impairment. Design One-year prospective cohort quality improvement program of cognitive screening and retrospective chart review of documentation and outcomes. Setting Academic tertiary care hospital medical unit with a cardiovascular focus and an enhanced discharge program of individualized patient education. Participants Individuals aged 70 and older screened before home discharge (241 admission encounters; 121 with HF as a primary diagnosis, 120 without). The HF cohort included individuals with preserved and reduced ejection fraction. Individuals who had undergone transplantation, ventricular assist device implantation, or hemodialysis or who had a primary oncology diagnosis or hospice referral were excluded. Measurements Mini-Cog administered 48 hours or less before discharge, 30-day all-cause readmission rates, documentation of dementia or cognitive impairment, and caregiver education. Results Mini-Cog scores were less than 4 (indicating cognitive impairment) in 157 encounters (82 (67.7%) with HF, 75 (62.5%) without). Mini-Cog scores were similar in rate and distribution between groups. Individuals with HF and cognitive impairment had a significantly higher 30-day readmission rate than did the other groups (26.8% vs 13.2%; P = .01; HF, no cognitive impairment, 12.8%; no HF, no cognitive impairment, 13.3%; cognitive impairment, no HF, 13.3%). In individuals with HF and cognitive impairment, those with documented caregiver education had lower readmission rates than those without (14.3% vs 36.2%; P = .03). Fewer than 9% had documentation of cognitive impairment in the medical record. Conclusion Cognitive impairment, which is frequently undocumented, may indicate greater risk of readmission for individuals with HF than those without. Screening for cognitive impairment, adapting discharge for it, and involving family and caregivers in discharge education may help reduce readmissions.
Abstract 4779: RUVBL1 and RUBVL2 are chromatin remodelers that represent prognostic and novel therapeutic targets for a subset of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs)

RUVBL1 and RUVBL2 (collectively referred to as RUVBL1/2) are AAA+ ATPases that function in various chromatin remodeling complexes. We found that RUVBL1/2 are overexpressed (n = 224) and prognostic of patient outcome in NSCLC patients (n = 697) who undergo surgical resection (combined TCGA, KMPlot.com, and SPORE P50CA70907 dataset analyses). To assess the importance and biological functions of RUVBL1/2 in NSCLC, we measured cell growth following depletion of RUVBL1/2 in 24 NSCLC lines, representing a spectrum of oncogenotypes and histologies, and 2 normal human bronchial epithelial cell lines (HBECs) using two independent RNAi reagents. Growth inhibitory phenotypes ranged from 19-87% and were “rescued” by exogenous expression of an RNAi-resistant cDNA construct, indicating “on-target” siRNA effects. Four of the 23 NSCLCs were very sensitive (>75% growth inhibition), while 88% of NSCLCs were more growth inhibited than HBECs, indicating a therapeutic window. To establish molecular biomarkers of RUVBL1/2 dependency, we correlated whole exome mutation status, whole transcriptome mRNA levels, and a number of other parameters to sensitivity to RUVBL1/2 depletion. Sensitivity to RUVBL1/2 knockdown did not correlate with the mutation status or expression of any genes. However, sensitivity to RUVBL1/2 depletion did correlate with doubling time. Flow cytometry analysis in NSCLC lines sensitive to RUVBL1/2 KD revealed that RUVBL1/2 depletion resulted in a G2/M arrest (but not apoptosis), and a decrease in cell cycle related transcripts, such as CDKN3, AURKA, CIT and CDC20, whereas resistant cell lines do not exhibit these changes. Initial ChIP-seq analysis suggests that RUVBL1/2 preferentially occupies cell cycle related genes and are depleted in nucleosome free regions (i.e. transcription start sites). These results, combined with results from others demonstrating the necessity of ATP hydrolysis for RUVBL1/29s function(s), indicate that the chromatin remodelers RUVBL1/2 are potential therapeutic targets in a subset of NSCLCs. (Supported by UTSW Green Center Fellowship, CPRIT RP120732, SPORE P50CA70907) Citation Format: Paul M. Yenerall, Rahul Kollipara, Ryan Carstens, Kenneth Huffman, Luc Girard, Jaime Rodriguez, Ignacio Wistuba, David Mangelsdorf, John Minna, Ralf Kittler. RUVBL1 and RUBVL2 are chromatin remodelers that represent prognostic and novel therapeutic targets for a subset of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4779. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4779
Complete Removal of N-Linked Glycans from Platelet GPIbα Impairs Platelet Agglutination and von Willebrand Factor Binding In Vitro.

Abstract We previously reported that the lectin domain of the αMβ2 receptor on macrophages mediates the rapid clearance of transfused washed murine platelets which have been refrigerated for 2 hrs in the absence of plasma. The clearance is mediated by the recognition of exposed βN-acetylglucosamine (β-GlcNAc) residues on N-linked glycans of clustered platelet GPIbα molecules. Covering the exposed β-GlcNAc residues on GPIbα N-linked glycans via galactosylation prevents the clearance of chilled murine platelets from the circulation. The role of N-linked glycans in platelet function and survival is unclear. To dissect the role of N-linked glycosylation of GPIbα on the binding of von Willebrand factor (vWf), we use human platelets and Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, stably expressing human GPIbα/βand GPIX. Deglycosylation of platelet GPIbα N-liked glycans was achieved using the enzyme peptide-N-glycosidase F (PGNaseF), specific for complex N-linked glycans. In agglutination assays using platelets incubated with and without PNGaseF for 16hrs at 37°C, we observed 30-40 % less agglutination in response to ristocetin for platelets depleted of N-linked glycans with PNGaseF. Additionally, a 30 % reduction in vWf binding to PNGaseF-treated platelets compared with control platelets was measured by flow cytometry, using a FITC-conjugated mAb that detects surface-bound vWf. In CHO cells, GPIbα N-linked oligosaccharides were manipulated by adding swainsonine or tunicamycin, two inhibitors of N-linked oligosaccharide synthesis in the Golgi. vWf binding to platelets or to CHO cells was studied by aggregometry or by light microscopy to establish the fraction of CHO-cell aggregates. As was the case with platelets, vWf-dependent aggregation of CHO cells expressing GPIb-IX decreased three fold in response to botrocetin, but only following complete N-linked glycans depletion with tunicamycin. In contrast, partial N-linked carbohydrate modification with swainsonine did not significantly alter aggregate formation in CHO- cells expressing GPIb-IX. Complete inhibition of N-linked glycosylation decreased botrocetin-induced vWf binding to CHO- cells expressing GPIb-IX by ~50%, as determined by flow cytometry. No change was observed following swainsonine treatment. Surface expression of GP1bα remained unchanged after both tunicamycin and swainsonine treatment, and with PGNaseF treatment of platelets. These results confirm that 1) N-linked glycans are not required for GPIbα surface expression, and 2) indicate that N-linked glycans likely play a role in vWf binding to platelet GPIbα.
Multiple Model Approach for CSTR Control

Abstract A method for combining multiple local models to describe a nonlinear system. The local model weights are based on the linear interpolation of the current operating point from the closest local model operating points defined as the filtered value of the current process input. This local modeling method can be used to describe systems with changing system gains and dynamics, as well as input multiplicity. A case study for a benchmark CSTR reactor is presented. Local linear models are used to synthesize IMC based PID controllers.
Studies on the Uptake, Disposition and Metabolism of Pentachlorophenol and Pentachloroanisole in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and pentachloroanisole (PCA) were rapidly taken up by rainbow trout when the concentrations of these compounds in water were 0.025 μg/ml. Following a 24 hr exposure of trout to 14C-PCP the liver, blood, fat and muscle contained 16, 6.5, 6.0 and 1.0 μg/g PCP, respectively. Exposures of trout to 14C-PCA resulted in tissue concentrations of a similar magnitude to PCP with the exception of fat where PCA concentrations attained levels of up to 80 μg/g. Elimination studies indicated that PCA was retained in most tissues for a considerably longer period of time than PCP. The half-lives for PCP residues in blood, liver, fat and muscle were 6.2, 9.8, 23 and 6.9 hr respectively, while the half- lives for PCA in the same tissues were 6.3, 6.9, 23 and 6.3 days. Thin-layer chromatographic and GC-MS analyses of the PCP-exposed trout failed to demonstrate methylated PCP (PCA) in any of the tissues studied. Bile from trout exposed to PCP showed high concentrations (250 μlg) of PCP-glucuronide. The bile of trout exposed to PCA contained both PCA and PCP-glucuronide. The presence of PCP-glucuronide in bile indicated some demethylation of PCA in vivo by rainbow trout.
Abstract 18059: Utility of Infarct Edge Homogenization in Controlling Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients With Underlying Ischemic Heart Disease

Introduction: Point source ablation may be effective in eliminating stable ventricular tachycardia (VT), where actual mapping and ablation are possible. Ablating patients with unstable VT is more complicated and may require aggressive intervention. While small linear lesions have been utilized, the actual utility of longer linear homogenization for eliminating ventricular arrhythmias has not been examined. Methods: Therefore, the results of 86 patients undergoing VT ablation at Mayo Clinic were examined. 42 had underlying ischemic heart disease with an EF of 33.5 ± 16.8 had VT with a cycle length of 326 ± 165 ms, and had 2.5± 1.6 episodes of VT in the preceding three months. 32 required shocks for that tachycardia. Results: Of these, 21 patients (16 male, 5 female Age 67±18) underwent detailed linear ablation at the scar margin in an effort to homogenize that region. This was drawn into the infarct scar by decreasing the upper voltage boundary to 2.0. In these patients, 18 showed elimination of clinical VT. In addition, 12 showed a decrease in VT from 10 ± 8.7 episodes down to 2.5 ± 1.2 episodes of actual ventricular arrhythmias. The shock requirement decreased from 8.6 ±4.7 to 1.5 ±2.7. These patients had 7 ± 3.5 different VTs at the time of ablation. These data suggest not only a decrease the occurrence of VT, but an improved control of the arrhythmia as manifested by decreased frequency of episodes and a decrease in shock. This suggests a straightforward alternative to point source ablation or to the requirement of detailed LAVA intervention. Conclusion: Linear infarct edge homogenization is a straightforward means of ablating ventricular tachycardia’s, even when unstable. This approach may be simpler than seen with LAVA interventions.
What is the reality of wildlife trade volume? CITES Trade Database limitations

Abstract Five selected forms (claws, skins, skulls, teeth, and trophies) of American black bear (Ursus americanus) were used to demonstrate how variable the volume of total international trade can be based on different approaches. Records from the comparative tabulations of the CITES Trade Database were presented in three ways: (1) identical data from both the exporter and the importer (4%), (2) traded volume reported by the exporter and importer differed (21%), and (3) traded volume reported either by exporter or importer only (75%). Six types of calculations were used to assess the total trade volume of selected American black bear forms. Proportional deviances of alternatively calculated traded volumes from their respective maxima significantly differed between individual calculations. However, these deviances were consistent between forms. The average difference between maximum and minimum calculated traded volume was 63 ± 23%. The most striking difference was found in trophies, where this difference represented 108,269 trophies in absolute terms. Specific changes to improve the usability of the CITES Trade Database are recommended and include the following: (1) combining the permit number with export and import reports to allow unmistakable identification of the entire trade flow, (2) unambiguous specification of the method of calculating volumes of both gross and net trade tabulations in the database guide, (3) better specification and avoidance of possible confusion of terms (forms), and (4) prohibition of automatically assigning value to empty fields.
Viral Related Malignancies

Between 15% and 20% of all global malignancies are attributable to an infectious agent.1 These range from bacterial infections such as Helicobacter pylori (associated with stomach carcinoma and gastric lymphoma), to parasitic infections such as Opisthorchis viverrini (a liver fluke associated with cholangiocarcinoma) and Schistosoma haematobium (a blood fluke associated with bladder carcinoma), to viral infections such as the hepatitis viruses (associated with hepatocellular carcinoma), herpes viruses (associated with a range of cancers including various lymphomas and Kaposi’s sarcoma), and human papillomaviruses (associated with cervical and skin cancers).2 This chapter will focus on viral-associated malignancies with cutaneous findings that occur in immunocompromised hosts.
Scripps Institution of Oceanography — Present and Future

Changing geopolitical structures, environmental concerns, economic competition in the international arena and the debate on energy and resources are all factors which affect the future of marine science. Scripps Institution of Oceanography scientists are aware of these factors and are increasingly concerned with questions of global change and the role the oceanss’ play in this process. Scripps’ scientists are actively involved in planning and implementing global scale ocean observation programs. Part of Scripps’ future thrust will be to encourage collaboration and forge links among marine institutions of various Pacific rim countries. This interaction is considered to be vital to global scale ocean research efforts.
Analogical learning of visual/conceptual relationships in sketches

This paper explores the use of analogy to learn about properties of sketches. Sketches often convey conceptual relationships between entities via the visual relationships between their depictions in the sketch. Understanding these conventions is an important part of adapting to a user. This paper describes how learning by accumulating examples can be used to make suggestions about such relationships in new sketches. We describe how sketches are being used in Companion Cognitive Systems to illustrate one context in which this problem arises. We describe how existing cognitive simulations of analogical matching and retrieval are used to generate suggestions for new sketches based on analogies with prior sketches. Two experiments provide evidence as to the accuracy and coverage of this technique.
Structure Maps for Constrained Structures at High Pressures from Powder Diffraction

Structure maps follow the evolution of unit cell symmetry and elements of crystal structure such as site occupancies, interatomic distances and angles as a function of composition, temperature, pressure and other variables. Diffraction data provide a relatively unambiguous means of deriving atomic level information for the construction of these maps, which may be related to phase diagrams. For many high-pressure studies at room temperature however, phases often persist in a metastable state far outside their stability fields or may be greatly affected by deviatoric stress. So, maps detailing changes in phase may bear little resemblance to equilibrium phase diagrams; their purpose is to follow a material’s response at the atomistic level to changes in composition and/or environment, and ultimately to relate these to changes in physical properties.
The Efficacy of Clofibrate (CPIB) in Familial Hyperlipoproteinemias

This presentation will describe the use of diet, Clofibrate, and one other drug on the treatment of different kinds of familial hyperlipidemia. The latter disorders were classified as different types of hyperlipoproteinemia (1). The use of such grouping of patients has many distinct advantages. Probably these are greatest in pharmacologic or dietary experiments and the extension of the results to practical management of affected patients. This has been demonstrated in the systematic trial of Clofibrate (CPIB, Atromid-S®) on each of the five major types of familial hyperlipoproteinemia. The companion effects of drug and diet have also been carefully evaluated. A fuller description of each type of hyperlipoproteinemia is presented elsewhere in this symposium (2).
Low-Dimensional Spectral Truncations for Taylor-Couette Flow

Experiments have shown that low-dimensional attractors exist in chaotic fluid flows, implying that only a small number of degrees of freedom are active. Current spectral computational techniques demand that the solution be represented as a sum of separable functions of space and time; hence, many more modes than the dimensionality of the attractor are needed to resolve the solution. The question we address in this paper is whether one can exploit the fact that the dynamics is low dimensional to substantially reduce the number of computational modes, without sacrificing quantitative accuracy. To do so would be of great practical importance. Using the formalism of inertial manifold theory, we discuss a novel procedure for constructing a low-dimensional truncation of the Navier-Stokes equations with no adjustable parameters, in which an initially small set of basis functions is augmented as needed during time integration. The method will be applied to temporally quasiperiodic and chaotic Taylor-Couette flows, with the choice of basis functions based on previous numerical work. Implementation is in progress.
Nickel and Cobalt Production

Abstract The production of nickel and cobalt from primary sources involves beneficiation, and hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processing. Nickel is recovered from lateritic oxides either as ferronickel from saprolite ores or as an intermediate mixed sulfide or hydroxides from limonite ores. Sulfide ores are converted into matte. Intermediate products are refined into high-purity nickel. Cobalt in nickel ores is recovered during refining. A majority of cobalt is now produced from copper–cobalt ores in central Africa as an intermediate product, which is sent to existing cobalt refineries. Recycling of nickel and cobalt also occurs at significant levels through the reuse of alloy materials.
Checking pregnancy status of young girls in advance of radiological intervention – Time for a re-think?

Article 62 of European Council Directive 2013/59/EURATOM requires establishment of the pregnancy status of a female patient, in advance of radiology of the abdomen, unless it can be ruled out for obvious reasons or is not relevant. Children under the age of 15 years are a particularly vulnerable population when it comes to establishing their pregnancy status. They are generally, by necessity, questioned in the company of their parent or guardian which, in itself, is likely to inhibit a truthful answer. Furthermore, conversations regarding such matters require a degree of privacy not afforded by the vast majority of busy and over-crowded Radiology waiting rooms. No specific training exists in relation to how the subject is broached by staff performing the enquiry and as a result the questions are often phrased in a leading way. It has also been shown that many adolescents, in particular those less than 15 years of age, are emotionally incapable of thinking of themselves as sexually active. This, together with the fact that a percentage of patients presenting may be disabled, makes the entire process particularly difficult. We propose that the need to establish pregnancy status in this population be based on prevalence rate of pregnancy in the state. For example, in Ireland, live birth rates in teenage girls have been found to be an order of magnitude lower than the failure rate of common contraceptives. This, on its own represents an obvious reason to not require establishing pregnancy status in this population.
Mechanisms governing metal vacancy formation in BaTiO3 and SrTiO3

Barium titanate (BTO) and strontium titanate (STO) are often treated as close analogues, and models of defect behavior are freely transferred from one material to the other with only minor modifications. On the other hand, it is often reported that B-site vacancies (vB) are the dominant metal vacancy in BTO, while A-site vacancies (vA) dominate in STO. This difference precludes the use of analogous defect models for BTO and STO, begging the question: how similar are the defect chemistries of the two materials? Here, we address this question with density functional theory calculations using a state-of-the-art hybrid exchange correlation functional, which more accurately describes the electronic structure and charge localization than traditional functionals. We find that vA is the dominant metal vacancy in STO but that different combinations of vA, vB, and vB-vO complexes are present in BTO depending on processing and doping. Mechanistically, this occurs for two reasons: thermodynamic differences in the accessible processing conditions of the two materials and energy differences in the bonds broken when forming the vacancies. These differences can also lead to widely differing responses when impurity dopants are intentionally added. Therefore, the response of metal vacancy behavior in BTO and STO to the inclusion of niobium and iron, two typical dopants in these systems, is examined and compared.
Tosanoides aphrodite, a new species from mesophotic coral ecosystems of St. Paul’s Rocks, Mid Atlantic Ridge (Perciformes, Serranidae, Anthiadinae)

During a recent expedition to St. Paul's Rocks, Atlantic Ocean, a distinctive and previously unknown species of Anthiadinae was collected at a depth of 120 m. A genetic analysis indicated the undescribed species is a member of the genus Tosanoides, which was only known to occur in the Pacific Ocean. This new taxon is distinguishable from all other Tosanoides species by the following combination of characters: soft dorsal fin rays 15-16; anal fin rays 9; ventral scale rows 9-10; last dorsal spine the longest (instead first through fourth). Here Tosanoidesaphroditesp. n. is described and illustrated, only known from St. Paul's Rocks.
Hox in the Niche Controls Hairy-geneity

Patterns of mammalian hair growth vary in different regions of the body, but the mechanisms controlling this heterogeneity are unclear. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Yu et al. (2018) show that Hoxc gene expression in hair follicle mesenchyme varies along the anterior-posterior body axis and contributes to regional differences in hair growth.
Erratum for McCarthy et al., "Identification of a Shared Cytochrome p4502E1 Epitope Found in Anesthetic Drug-Induced and Viral Hepatitis".

Volume 3, no. 5, e00453-18, 2018, [https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00453-18][1]. This article was published on 10 October 2018 with the fourth author’s surname misspelled. The byline was updated in the current version, posted on 30 November 2018. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00453-18
From Archive, to Access, to Experience––Historical Documents as a Basis for Immersive Experiences

Libraries have been the key to preserving culture and historic legacy for centuries. One such treasure cataloged in The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) Libraries is a collection of over ...
Characteristics of cataract surgery patients influencing patient satisfaction scores.

Purpose To determine factors that influence patient satisfaction scores in individuals who have recently had cataract surgery. Setting Byers Eye Institute, Palo Alto, California, USA. Design Prospective case series. Methods Selected questions from the Press Ganey survey and the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 were administered to each patient immediately after completion of a clinic visit. The correlation between patient-specific variables and the answer to the survey question “likelihood of recommending our practice to others,” a surrogate for overall patient satisfaction, was assessed using the Student t test. A logistical regression model was used to adjust for potentially confounding variables. Results One hundred forty-three patients were recruited from 4 providers; 57 (39.8%) were men, and the mean age was 70.0 years ± 11.6 (SD). The main outcome was the proportion of scores less than 5, or “very good,” for the likelihood of recommending the practice to others. There was a statistically significant association between a non-5 patient satisfaction score and self-reported ethnicity of Asian or Pacific Islander compared with other ethnicities (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-5.1; P = .049); other possible correlates were not statistically significant. The relationship persisted after adjustment for potential confounding variables (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1-6.3; P = .027). Conclusion In postoperative cataract patients, Asian or Pacific Islander ethnicity, a factor out of the control of the provider and clinic staff, was associated with a lower overall Press Ganey patient satisfaction score compared with patients of all other ethnicities.
Public–Private Partnerships in Global Health — Driving Health Improvements without Compromising Values

Public–Private Partnerships in Global Health Some global health policymakers increasingly look at public–private partnerships with suspicion. The controversy surrounding this issue was magnified wh...
SiPterposer: A Fault-Tolerant Substrate for Flexible System-in-Package Design

As Moore’s Law scaling slows down, specialized heterogeneous designs are needed to sustain computing performance improvements. Unfortunately, the non-recurring engineering (NRE) costs of chip design—designing interconnects, creating masks, etc.—are often prohibitive. Chiplet-based disintegrated design solutions could address these economic issues, but current technologies lack the flexibility to express a rich variety of designs without redesigning the communication substrate. Moreover, as the number of chiplets increases, yield suffers due to 2.5D assembly defects. This work addresses these problems by presenting a flexible communication fabric that supports construction of arbitrary network topologies and provides robust fault-tolerance, demonstrating near-100% chip assembly yield at typical bonding defect rates. We achieve these goals with less than 3% additional power and zero exposed latency overhead for various real-world applications running on an example SiP.
Examining the effect of weight conscious drinking on binge drinking frequency among college freshmen.

Objective: To examine the effect of weight-conscious drinking and compensatory behavior temporality on binge drinking frequency of college freshmen. Participants: Freshmen (n = 1149) from eight US ...
A Review of Hypertensive Retinopathy and Chorioretinopathy

Hypertensive retinopathy and choroidopathy have important short- and long-term implications on patients' overall health and mortality. Eye care professionals should be familiar with the severity staging of these entities and be able to readily recognize and refer patients who are in need of systemic blood pressure control. This paper will review the diagnosis, staging, treatment, and long-term implications for vision and mortality of patients with hypertensive retinopathy and choroidopathy.
CHAPTER 331 – Apostosis Signaling: A Means to an End

Apoptosis is defined by its morphological features of membrane blebbing, cellular shrinkage, and chromosomal condensation. Endonuclease activation that results in a characteristic 200-bp nucleosomal DNA ladder is a common feature of apoptosis, although not definitive. Intense research has indicated that the cellular events leading to apoptosis are complex and varied, often depending on the cell type and stimulus utilized. However, several aspects of these death pathways are common among various stimuli and cell types. Programmed cell death is a fundamental biological process of all multicellular organisms and plays important roles in tissue homeostasis, host defense, development, metamorphosis, and morphogenesis. In animals, programmed cell death occurs via apoptosis, a morphologically defined form of cell death that has a number of biochemical features. In addition to its physiological roles, apoptosis contributes to several pathological conditions, such as cancer, AIDS, aging, and cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and autoinmiune diseases. The mechanisms that govern a cellular decision to live or die are complex and tightly regulated by a plethora of molecules with distinct roles in the signaling process. Generally, cell death occurs after an initial apoptotic signal spurs a cascade of subsequent events from which a cell cannot recover.
Are SNAP benefits adequate? A geographical and food expenditure decomposition

Abstract The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) provides resources to supplement household food expenditures in order to achieve a nutritious diet. Determining the amount of support required - or extent of food expenditure poverty -- entails comparing available resources for food to a nutrition-determined threshold. Clearly the value of the threshold will affect the degree of food expenditure poverty. If the threshold value is inaccurate, the calculated degree of poverty will be inaccurate. USDA uses a threshold for setting SNAP benefits that does not vary geographically or temporally, so consequently (food expenditure) poverty may be understated or overstated in different regions and time periods. This article compares food expenditure poverty estimates for SNAP participants when geographical differences in the threshold are ignored versus not ignored. In addition, the article decomposes household food expenditures into Food-Away-From-Home (FAFH), Food-at-Home (FAH), personal funded FAH, and SNAP funded FAH in order to assess the degree to which each of these contribute to reducing food expenditure poverty. The general findings are that all food expenditure poverty measures are worse when geographical differences are taken into account. In addition, the analysis shows that FAH expenditures, and in particular SNAP FAH expenditures, contribute the most to reducing food expenditure poverty in SNAP households. The policy implications are that food expenditure poverty is currently underestimated in the US by ignoring geographical differences in thresholds, but the food expenditure poverty would be even worse without SNAP benefits. Geographical adjustments to the national threshold could help reduce food expenditure poverty across regions.
Orthotopic Heart Transplantation in a Patient With Gitelman Syndrome and Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Gitelman syndrome (GS) is a rare hereditary tubulopathy affecting the distal tubule leading to significant electrolyte disturbances.1 Although generally a benign condition, rare associations with a...
Is Space Discrete? An Inquiry into the Reality of Planck Length and its Philosophical Implications

In this paper, I examine the philosophical assumptions subtending the newly emerging concept of the smallest possible chunk of discrete space ” Planck length, employing the method of historical analysis, hermeneutics, and phenomenological investigation.With the metaphysical presuppositions undergirding Planck length revealed, I attempt a discussion of the philosophical implications of the discrete space.
Orbital pericentres and the inferred dark matter halo structure of satellite galaxies

Using the phat-ELVIS suite of Milky Way-size halo simulations, we show that subhalo orbital pericenters, $r_{\rm peri}$, correlate with their dark matter halo structural properties. Specifically, at fixed maximum circular velocity, $V_{\rm max}$, subhalos with smaller $r_{\rm peri}$ are more concentrated (have smaller $r_{\rm max}$ values) and have lost more mass, with larger peak circular velocities, $V_{\rm peak}$, prior to infall. These trends provide information that can tighten constraints on the inferred $V_{\rm max}$ and $V_{\rm peak}$ values for known Milky Way satellites. We illustrate this using published pericenter estimates enabled by Gaia for the nine classical Milky Way dwarf spheroidal satellites. The two densest dSph satellites (Draco and Ursa Minor) have relatively small pericenters, and this pushes their inferred $r_{\rm max}$ and $V_{\rm max}$ values lower than they would have been without pericenter information. For Draco, we infer $V_{\rm max} = 23.5 \, \pm 3.3$ km s$^{-1}$ (compared to $27.3 \, \pm 7.1$ km s$^{-1}$ without pericenter information). Such a shift exacerbates the traditional Too Big to Fail problem. Draco's peak circular velocity range prior to infall narrows from $V_{\rm peak} = 21 - 49$ km s$^{-1}$ without pericenter information to $V_{\rm peak} = 25-37$ km s$^{-1}$ with the constraint. Over the full population of classical dwarf spheroidals, we find no correlation between $V_{\rm peak}$ and stellar mass today, indicative of a high level of stochasticity in galaxy formation at stellar masses below $\sim 10^7$ M$_\odot$. As proper motion measurements for dwarf satellites become more precise, they should enable useful priors on the expected structure and evolution of their host dark matter subhalos.
Authoritarianism for and against Trump

The election of Donald Trump to the presidency has invited renewed scholarly attention to the underlying social and economic factors surrounding presidential campaigns in the United States. It has been suggested that Trump won due to the failure of globalization, which marginalized a significant segment of the White working class. White nationalism was also believed to be a major force for Trump’s success in 2016, in addition to his populist campaign style. In the present paper, we examine these claims using the 2016 American National Election Study data and show that the social-economic and populist explanations of the rise of Trump are insufficient, even misleading. In order to explain the election of Trump, one has to examine the deep-seated belief system of his voters. Our empirical models reveal that Trump voters had a strong authoritarian value orientation. However, the effect of the authoritarian belief system on Trump’s election was also conditional. Racial minorities were more likely to have authoritarian predispositions than Whites. While the White authoritarians certainly helped elect Trump, minority authoritarians, whose racial group was attacked by the Trump campaign, were more likely to vote against Trump than other non-authoritarian fellow group members.
Competency-Based Nursing: Reducing Cost While Maintaining or Improving Quality

The advent of COVID-19 and subsequent social disruption has exacerbated existing nursing workforce shortages. As nursing education programs and healthcare providers struggle to meet the care needs of their respective communities, the ever-present challenge of replenishing nursing candidates persists--particularly when those candidates face financial hardships to complete their education. In an effort to mitigate financial hardships, competency-based education (CBE) nursing offers the opportunity for students to self-pace their learning and potentially complete their education more quickly. In addition to CBE programs typically being more affordable that traditional "seat time" credit-based programs, students can potentially yield even more significant savings. Therefore, considering some healthcare providers, accreditors, and candidates may be concerned with CBE program quality, this study assesses the merit of that assertion. Through a comparative of analysis of Western Governors University's (WGU) CBE Nursing Program to similar traditional education state nursing programs, this research finds that CBE nursing programs can reduce cost while maintaining or even improving program quality by a measure of NCLEX pass rates.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients with Symptomatic Carotid Webs: A Matched Case Control Study.

Abstract Background and purpose The baseline characteristics of patients with symptomatic carotid web (CaW) are unclear. We investigate demographic and cerebrovascular risk factors in patients with this overlooked stroke etiology. Methods We identified consecutive patients diagnosed with symptomatic CaW at a comprehensive stroke center from July 2014-December 2018. These patients were matched at a 1:4 ratio (based on age and NIHSS scores) to create a control group of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with non-CaW etiologies from the local GetWithTheGuidelines stroke database. Results Thirty patients with symptomatic CaW were compared to 120 AIS patients with non-CaW etiologies. Symptomatic CaW patients were more likely to be female (73.3 vs. 44.2%; p = 0.004) and black (86.7 vs. 64.2%; p = 0.02). Symptomatic CaWs patients had a fewer absolute number of modifiable cerebrovascular risk factors (1.7±1.1 vs. 2.5±1.2; p = 0.002), lower rates of hypertension (43.4 vs. 63.3%; p = 0.04), and a more favorable lipid profile with lower average LDL (89.5±30.3 vs. 111.2±43.7 mg/dL; p = 0.01) and higher average HDL (47.9±11.3 vs. 42.2±13.8 mg/dL; p = 0.01) as compared to strokes with non-CaW etiology. Symptomatic CaW patients were more likely to have a large vessel occlusion (80.0 vs. 51.7%; p = 0.005), despite similar e-ASPECTS between the groups (8.1±2.1 vs. 8.3±2.2; p = 0.30). On multivariable analysis, symptomatic CaW was an independent predictor of independence at discharge (OR 3.72; 95%CI 1.27–10.94). Conclusion A gender and racial predilection of symptomatic CaWs may exist as females and blacks were were found to be more likely affected. Symptomatic CaW patients have a more benign cerebrovascular risk factor profile corroborating the proposed mechanism of local stasis and thromboembolism. Despite presenting more commonly with LVO, symptomatic CaW was associated with good functional outcome, warranting further studies.
Involution and Prolongation

Let Σ be a closed differential system, and also let X be an irreducible component in the variety 𝒱 (Σ). For any q, 0 ≤ q ≤ p, we let G (X) c G (M) denote the totality of q-planes contained in some p-plane in X. Note that the q-planes in Gq (X) are acutally integral. The characters sq (X) and s’q(X), 0 ≤ q ≤ p, are defined as follows: the sum \( \sum\limits_{i = 0}^q {{s_i}} \left( X \right)\) is the maximum dimension of the polar systems of integral q-elements in 𝒱 q (Σ) near a point of Gq (X); the sum \( \sum\limits_{1 = 0}^q {{{s'}_i}} \left( X \right)\) is the maximum dimension of the polar systems of the Eq’s in Gq (X). We then have the following basic result: the irreducible component X contains an ordinary integral element if and only if $$ {s_q}\left( X \right) = {s'_q}\left( X \right),\quad 0 \leqslant q \leqslant p - 1$$ . At the end of §1 we give a proof of Cartan’s test using this result.
Creating New Opportunities for Rural Producers: Impact Evaluation of a Pilot Program in Colombia

This paper presents the impact evaluation a program that targeted 57 small organizations of agricultural producers at risk of getting involved in illegal drug production in Colombia. It aimed at increasing their competitiveness by facilitating the commercialization of new licit alternative sources of income. We use panel data constructed from two annual censuses collected by the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime to evaluate the program. Specifically, we employ propensity score matching, regression discontinuity and Bayesian decision theory to assess the impact of the program. Our estimates suggest that the program was successful on increasing total sales, productive capacity area, and product's quality of the treated producers. Moreover, the program was more successful when combined with other programs that gave further incentives to abandon illegal drug production definitely.
A duration analysis of privatization in the telecom sector

The paper attempts to identify the telecom-sector performance indicators, relevant economic variables, and institutional characteristics of a country that effect the process of privatization of state-owned telecom enterprises. Using standard duration analysis of a panel data, we demonstrate that the privatization incentives are not only shaped by the mobility of financial capital in a country but are also influenced by the degree of competitiveness of private sector participation in policy-making process. The empirical results also reveal the significant impact of productive efficiency in telecom service provision on its course to privatization.
Controlled carbometallation : II. The addition reaction of trimethylalane-titanocene dichloride with acetylenes

Abstract An organometallic complex obtained by mixing Me 3 Al and Cl 2 TiCp 2 reacts with acetylenes to form monocarbometallated products in favorable cases, while dehydrometallation and polymerization compete in the cases of dialkylacetylenes having propargylic hydrogens and terminal acetylenes, respectively.
The landlord's dilemma: Asking rent strategies in a heterogeneous housing market

Abstract This paper investigates the asking rent behavior of a landlord with a vacancy who faces a known, downward sloping rental probability function. The shape of this function is shown to be strongly dependent on the form of the underlying acceptance rent distribution and on the rate at which prospective tenants visit the unit. A particular family of asking rent strategies is examined. It is shown that all of these strategies exhibit a declining sequence of asking rents, and that the landlord in choosing among them must balance his desire for rental income against his aversion to waiting.
Detection by PCR of reductive dehalogenase motifs in a sulfidogenic 2-bromophenol-degrading consortium enriched from estuarine sediment

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were developed based on three known reductive dehalogenase (RDH) genes (pceA from Dehalospirillum multivorans, cprA from Desulfitobacterium dehalogenans, tceA from Dehalococcoides ethenogenes) and used to amplify bands of the appropriate size from a microbial consortium inoculated with contaminated estuarine sediment and enriched under sulfidogenic conditions using 2-bromophenol (2-BP) as the sole carbon source. These PCR fragments were found to contain many of the conserved amino acids and motifs present in the known RDH genes. The three cloned PCR products (2bprdh61, 2bprdh63, 2bprdh81 – designated 2-bromophenol RDH) shared 21 of the 31 conserved amino acids present in the C-terminus of the RDHs in GenBank. (The N-terminus of the RDH protein shares very little homology for the known RDH genes.) All 2-BP PCR products and the known RDH genes were found to contain two iron–sulfur cluster binding domains as well as conserved PCR priming sites. Southern hybridization of genomic DNA revealed multiple bands, implying additional RDH-like motifs in the sulfidogenic 2-BP-degrading consortium. In order to gain information on upstream regions of the RDH-like motifs, DNA fragments containing 2bprdh61, 2bprdh63, and 2bprdh81 were cloned and sequenced via an inverse PCR approach. The results indicated the presence of transposase gene homologues upstream of 2-bprdh61A and 2-bprdh81A. Therefore, some RDH-like PCR products in our consortium are possibly pseudogenes and some RDH genetic diversity may be generated by transposition.
A distribution-moment approximation for kinetic theories of muscular contraction

Abstract A rational mathematical procedure is proposed for approximating solutions to the partial differential equations of cross-bridge kinetics in theories of muscular contraction of the type first proposed by A. F. Huxley. The essence of the procedure is to approximate the exact bond-distribution functions by distributions of prescribed form, and this leads to a set of first-order ordinary differential equations on the low-order moments of the approximate distributions. Thus the procedure effectively results in a lumped-parameter model of muscle approaching the structural simplicity of the classic two-element model, but one which exhibits more realistic behavior. The approximation is worked out in detail for Huxley's original (1957) two-state model (modified slightly to produce a more realistic stretch response), compared with exact solutions of the model, and used to predict muscle behavior under various conditions. It is anticipated that this approximation, with its attendant conceptual and computational simplifications, will make recent theoretical advances in molecular contraction mechanics more accessible for applications in macroscopic muscle dynamics. Generalizations of the procedure to the case of length-dependent behavior are discussed.
Parity, charge conjugation, and time reversal in the gravitational interaction

Some consequences of possible violation of parity ($P$), charge conjugation ($C$), time reversal ($T$), and $\mathrm{TCP}$ invariance in the gravitation interaction are discussed and compared with existing experimental evidence. The evidence is suggestive of $\mathrm{TCP}$ (or $\mathrm{CP}$ or $C$) invariance, but one cannot rule out separate violation of $P$, $C$, and $T$.