cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Central nervous system manifestations in acute myocardial infarction

Abstract Recognition of the clinical characteristics of acute coronary artery thrombosis, with cardiac infarction, has become common-place since the pioneer work of Herrick. 1 Pain, the most alarming aspect of such seizures, has been emphasized in dramatic language. 1–4 In spite of recent emphasis on the fact that the attacks may be painless, an important reason for overlooking an acute attack is the absence of pain as a major symptom. 5–7 On the other hand, pain in the chest is likely to lead to a diagnosis of cardiac infarction without critical exclusion of other possible causes. 5, 6 Because of the many obstacles in the way of correct interpretation of atypical cases of infarction of the heart we have undertaken a retrospective study of autopsy material. This paper presents a group of cases in which the symptoms indicated acute cerebral disease, but autopsy revealed a recent myocardial infarct and no acute cerebral vascular lesion.
Exploration of Engineering Students' Values with Respect to Behaviors in Group Work.

In order to train young professionals, instructional methodologies in engineering need not only teach students knowledge, but must also instill the values and teach the behaviors— competencies students can demonstrate—required of professional practice. Herein, we focus on understanding the values and behaviors of students with respect to working as a member of an engineering group as a part of a course project. Our hypotheses are (1) that the students’ values with respect to the behavior of individuals in a group will remain stable through the academic year and (2) there will be behavioral predictors to group-based values. Our findings agree with the literature on societal groups which indicate that values should remain constant over time; we see here with our cohort of students that values not only remain stable, but also, students maintain high agreement through the academic year. With respect to behavior predictors, the behaviors that repeatedly correlated or predicted positive group values were related to interpersonal skills rather than knowledge or learning. This finding is important as it points to a noted necessity to foster strong interpersonal skills among students. Students need to recognize that how they interact with their group is just as important as the skills being brought to the group. The results presented herein are a first step toward creating a “personalized” instructional approach that focuses on aligning individual values and behaviors when working in an engineering group.
Effects of Long-Term Poultry Litter Application to Cotton on Succeeding Corn Crop Production

ABSTRACT Long-term application of organic manures in crop production often leads to environmental problems. After applying poultry litter on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) from 1994 to 1998, a test crop of corn (Zea mays L.) was planted in 1999 to understand the poultry litter's long-term effects on succeeding crop. The experiment was conducted on a Decatur silt loam soil (Clayey, Kaolinitic thermic, Typic paleudult) at Belle Mina, AL. Treatments on cotton included three sources of nitrogen: urea, fresh poultry litter (FPL), and composted poultry litter (CPL); three nitrogen rates: 40, 80, and 120 kg N ha−1; with and without nitrification inhibitor carboxymethyl pyrazole (CMP). The test crop, corn, received no fertilization except for super imposed N treatments in the control plots. The residual effects of 40 kg N ha−1 FPL and CPL increased corn yields by 9% and 24%, respectively, compared to control; similar responses at 120 kg N ha−1 of FPL and CPL were 81% and 202%, respectively. The differences betwee...
Gelatin/sulfated polysaccharides blends: An approach to mimic hydrogel behavior in articular cartilage

Due to the lack of regeneration capacity of Articular cartilage and very limited therapies available, it is necessary to design a construct which can mimic hydrogel behavior in articular cartilage. Gelatin and sulphated polysaccharide blends are used for that purpose of this study. Swelling behavior of these hydrogel is observed in both deionized water and phosphate buffer salin (PBS). For mechanical properties characterization, different characterization techniques such as compression, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope, FTIR are used. These blend solutions were also electrospun to produce microfiber scaffolds.
A review of pharmacologic options for previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult leukemia and has a heterogeneous clinical course. Some patients experience an indolent disease course, which does not require treatment or affect their overall quality of life. Other patients present with symptomatic advanced disease that rapidly progresses and requires therapy. For these patients, chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment and has undergone significant evolution in the past few decades. From alkylating agents to purine analogs, response rates have greatly improved with new chemotherapy regimens. The development of chemoimmunotherapy regimens has also transformed the treatment of CLL. This article will review front-line treatment options for CLL and discuss the updated National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. J Oncol Pharm Practice (2011) 17: 91—103.
Achievement Orientation in Early Adolescence: Developmental Patterns and Social Correlates

Early adolescence is an important time during which to examine achievement-related concerns and behavior. In this article the development of several achievement-related phenomena-achievement motivation, fear of success, gender role ideology, and patterns of school performance-are discussed, as well as social correlates of achievement during early adolescence. The importance of considering curvilinear relations among variables is emphasized, especially with regard to developmental hypotheses involving psychological phenomena during adolescence.
beta-Amyloid peptides destabilize calcium homeostasis and render human cortical neurons vulnerable to excitotoxicity

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), abnormal accumulations of beta-amyloid are present in the brain and degenerating neurons exhibit cytoskeletal aberrations (neurofibrillary tangles). Roles for beta-amyloid in the neuronal degeneration of AD have been suggested based on recent data obtained in rodent studies demonstrating neurotoxic actions of beta- amyloid. However, the cellular mechanism of action of beta-amyloid is unknown, and there is no direct information concerning the biological activity of beta-amyloid in human neurons. We now report on experiments in human cerebral cortical cell cultures that tested the hypothesis that beta-amyloid can destabilize neuronal calcium regulation and render neurons more vulnerable to environmental stimuli that elevate intracellular calcium levels. Synthetic beta-amyloid peptides (beta APs) corresponding to amino acids 1–38 or 25–35 of the beta-amyloid protein enhanced glutamate neurotoxicity in cortical cultures, while a peptide with a scrambled sequence was without effect. beta APs alone had no effect on neuronal survival during a 4 d exposure period. beta APs enhanced both kainate and NMDA neurotoxicity, indicating that the effect was not specific for a particular subtype of glutamate receptor. The effects of beta APs on excitatory amino acid (EAA)-induced neuronal degeneration were concentration dependent and required prolonged (days) exposures. The beta APs also rendered neurons more vulnerable to calcium ionophore neurotoxicity, indicating that beta APs compromised the ability of the neurons to reduce intracellular calcium levels to normal limits. Direct measurements of intracellular calcium levels demonstrated that beta APs elevated rest levels of calcium and enhanced calcium responses to EAAs and calcium ionophore. The neurotoxicity caused by EAAs and potentiated by beta APs was dependent upon calcium influx since it did not occur in calcium-deficient culture medium. Finally, the beta APs made neurons more vulnerable to neurofibrillary tangle-like antigenic changes induced by EAAs or calcium ionophore (i.e., increased staining with tau and ubiquitin antibodies). Taken together, these data suggest that beta-amyloid destabilizes neuronal calcium homeostasis and thereby renders neurons more vulnerable to environmental insults.
Behavioral approaches to smoking cessation—I. A decade of research progress 1969–1979☆

Abstract This article describes a topical bibliography presented in the subsequent article in this journal, covering the past decade of research into behavioral approaches to smoking cessation. Using multiple searches including Psychological Abstracts , over 300 references were compiled from over 50 psychology, medicine, and related behavioral science journals. All references were comprehensively coded to each of 28 topical areas of interest to behavioral researchers and clinicians. Topics include specific behavioral smoking cessation techniques (e.g. aversive smoking, relaxation techniques, stimulus control), treatment problems (e.g. maintenance problems and procedures, treatment “side-effects”) and important research issues (e.g. predictors of treatment success, physiological correlates of smoking behavior, therapist and treatment factors influencing outcome). An index defining each topic and listing by number all articles related to each topic is included with the bibliography. With this index, users with specialized interests can quickly locate all citations concerning a particular topic or combination of topics. Directions for using the bibliography are given along with guidelines for extending and adopting it for personal use.
Islet Secretion in a New Experimental Model for Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes

An animal model of diabetes mellitus has been developed in which neonatal rats are injected with streptozotocin at 2 days of age. After transient hyperglycemia followed by near normal glycemia, these animals develop nonketotic diabetes at about 6 wk of age that does not require insulin treatment. Secretion form the endocrine pancreas of 6-15-wk-old rats was evaluated with the isolated, perfused pancreas technique. Insulin secretion responded very poorly to high perfusate glucose concentrations, but in the presence of theophylline this meager response was enhanced. In contrast, arginine elicited an insulin response comparable to that of the control rats. Isoproterenol stimulated insulin secretion more in the diabetic model than in the controls, and tolbutamide failed to evoke insulin secretion. Glucagon secretion in response to arginine and isoproterenol was similar in both groups, but was suppressed less efficiently be glucose in the model than in controls. Evidence for enhanced basal secretion of somatostatin was also found. Thus, these hyperglycemic rats have a selective defect in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion with preservation of responses to other agents. In addition, abnormalities in the secretion of glucagon and somatostatin have been found.
Implementing a Collaborative Online Course to Extend Access to HPC Skills

Progress in science and engineering is increasingly tied to the effective use of computational modeling on high-performance computing systems. Expertise in parallel computing techniques is therefore required, given the current architecture of those systems. Many campuses don't offer such a course because of course load limits, a lack of faculty expertise, and/or lack of access to appropriate computing resources. As part of the XSEDE project, an initial MOOC-style course on parallel computing proved to be ineffective at resolving this problem. A subsequent blended online course with collaborating faculty from multiple institutions where students receive academic credit has proven to be a much more effective approach to creating a STEM workforce with the requisite parallel computing knowledge.
Development of Professional Expertise: Enhancing the Development of Professional Performance: Implications from the Study of Deliberate Practice

Sources of large individual differences in professional achievement are still inadequately understood. Experience in a domain of activity appears to be necessary to perform adequately, but extensive experience does not invariably lead people to attain superior (expert) performance. When individuals are first introduced to a professional domain after completing their training, preparation, or education, they are often confused and must rely on advice from more-experienced colleagues to complete their responsibilities. After months or even years of mentored experience, their independent work reaches an acceptable level. Virtually everyone in a given domain of activity tends to improve with experience during this initial phase. After this point there are, however, considerable individual differences in development. Some professionals continue to improve steadily during many years or even decades, and are eventually recognized by their peers as having attained the highest levels as experts or masters. In contrast, most professionals in a domain reach a stable, average, undistinguished level of achievement within a relatively short time frame and maintain this mediocre level for the rest of their careers. The nature of these individual differences in attained achievement is still controversial. The most common and traditional explanation is that individuals' achievements in any domain are limited by innate factors that cannot be changed through experience and training; hence, limits of attainable performance are determined by the person's basic endowments, such as physical and anatomical characteristics, mental capacities, and inborn talents.
Discriminative Stimulus Functions of Drugs: Interpretations

In any study of drugs, it is difficult if not impossible to ignore the fundamental pharmacologic principle that no drug has a single action. Tht, principle is important not only because it is relevant to specific experimental problems but also because it so precisely parallels a principle of overriding importance in the analysis of behavior: no stimulus has a single action. We ordinarily speak of this behavioral principle in terms of the multiple functions of stimuli, and it is illustrated in any experiment concerned with controlling relationships between stimuli and responses. For example, an experiment that deals with an elicitation relationship must be designed carefully to avoid confounding elicitation with the potential reinforcing or discriminative effects of the eliciting stimulus. The principle is also illustrated in the organization of this book, which, in speaking of the stimulus properties of drugs, separates these into discriminative and eliciting and reinforcing properties.
Shape Optimization of 2D Compliant Links for Design of Inherently Safe Robots

In this paper, we represent a preliminary work towards the design of compliant mechanisms for human safe co-robots. We developed a shape optimization framework for design of planar compliant links for inherently safe robotic manipulators. It is well known intentionally introducing compliance to mechanical design can increase safety of robots. However traditional approaches such as elastic joints or uniform compliant links, were either at the cost of significantly reduced performance or with increased extra complexity and cost. Here, we propose a novel method to design compliant robotic links with a safety constraint which is quantified by Head Injury Criterion (HIC). The robotic links are modeled as a 2D beam with a variable width. Given a safety threshold i.e. HIC constraint, the width of the beam is optimized to give a uniform distribution of HIC along the longitudinal direction of the link. Links with a uniform HIC distribution have a better control performance. Finally, this solution is validated by an huamn-robot impact simulation program built in Matlab.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Three-dimensional arrays of graphenated carbon nanotubes

Graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are fascinating materials, both scientifically and technologically, due to their exceptional properties and potential use in applications ranging from high-frequency electronics to energy storage devices. This manuscript introduces a hybrid structure consisting of graphitic foliates grown along the length of aligned multiwalled CNTs. The foliate density and layer thickness vary as a function of deposition conditions, and a model is proposed for their nucleation and growth. The hybrid structures were studied using electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The foliates consist of edges that approach the dimensions of graphene and provide enhanced charge storage capacity. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated that the weight-specific capacitance for the graphenated CNTs was 5.4× that of similar CNTs without the graphitic foliates. Pulsed charge injection measurements demonstrated a 7.3× increase in capacitance per unit area. These data suggest that this unique structure integrates the high surface charge density of the graphene edges with the high longitudinal conductivity of the CNTs and may have significant impact in charge storage and related applications.
The stories they tell: How third year medical students portray patients, family members, physicians, and themselves in difficult encounters.

AbstractBackground: Physicians have long had patients whom they have labeled “difficult”, but little is known about how medical students perceive difficult encounters with patients.Methods: In this study, we analyzed 134 third year medical students’ reflective essays written over an 18-month period about difficult student–patient encounters. We used a qualitative computerized software program, Atlas.ti to analyze students’ observations and reflections.Results: Main findings include that students described patients who were angry and upset; noncompliant with treatment plans; discussed “nonmedical” problems; fearful, worried, withdrawn, or “disinterested” in their health. Students often described themselves as anxious, uncertain, confused, and frustrated. Nevertheless, they saw themselves behaving in empathic and patient-centered ways while also taking refuge in “standard” behaviors not necessarily appropriate to the circumstances. Students rarely mentioned receiving guidance from attendings regarding how t...
Dynamics of an Optically Generated Electric Field in a Quantum Dot Molecule Device Using Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Measurements

Interdot transitions in the emission spectra of a quantum dot molecule may be used as a sensitive nanoscale probe to measure electric fields. Here, we demonstrate this potential by monitoring the temporal behavior of photovoltaic band flattening in a Schottky diode structure using a two-color excitation scheme. First, a continuous wave laser is tuned to an excitation energy below the wetting layer (WL) emission energy to create the interdot transition that is used to monitor the electric field in the device. A second modulated laser, at higher energy, is then used to create the optically generated electric field (OGEF) which leads to the photovoltaic band flattening. It is found that the rise time of this OGEF is ∼2.85 μs and the decay, or fall time, is on the order of ∼110 μs, most likely determined by device-dependent carrier transport, trapping, and tunneling rates. We also find that, at higher applied fields, the OGEF tends to decay faster and the measured values are consistent with the photovoltaic band-flattening effects reported previously in nanostructure devices.
Training Effect of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Project in Sichuan in 2009

Objective To evaluate the training effect of occupational disease control and prevention project,thus to provide references for better implementational of alike trainings. Methods Statistical analysis was performed on data of the training project carried out by Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention( SCCDC). Results Altogether 8 terms of training courses were held,with 826 staff trained in 31 days. Occupational disease diagnostician,occupational health examination physician were mainly with intermediate profession title and bachelor degree,and occupation health and radiation health staff were mainly with junior or below title and education specialist. The 32 teachers were aged mainly 41 – 50 and titled vice senior. The average score was 93. 67( full score 100). Conclusion SCCDC should further strengthen the management of training and improve teaching level,training mode and thus to enhance the training effect.
Endogenous regulation of the attraction of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

Even when host attractants are present, there are times when endogenous physiological mechanisms prevent female mosquitoes from responding to them and engaging in host-seeking behavior. These times include a brief postemergence period, periods of the day determined by a circadian clock, and following a blood meal before and after eggs develop, which are controlled by nervous and humoral mechanisms. Other factors such as age, nutrition, and mating status can further modulate host-seeking behavior. The interplay of these factors affects the frequency at which mosquitoes will approach a host and feed on its blood, thus affecting the rates of parasite acquisition and transmission
Analyzing ECGs: Putting it together with case studies

This chapter provides a series of cases to help integrate the principles from the preceding chapters and illustrate how ECG interpretation can be used in clinical management. The differential diagnosis for specific ECG findings will be emphasized.
Nicotine produces long-term increases in cocaine reinforcement in adolescent but not adult rats

Abstract Studies have shown that many smokers begin using nicotine during adolescence, yet the influence of early nicotine use on the response to other drugs of abuse in adulthood is not fully understood. In the current study, nicotine was administered to adolescent and adult rats for seven days. Thirty days later, cocaine-induced locomotor activity and cocaine self-administration were examined when the rats pretreated as adolescents were adults. Rats exposed to nicotine during early adolescence were sensitized thirty days later to the locomotor-activating effects of cocaine and self-administered a greater number of cocaine infusions than adolescent rats pretreated with vehicle. As a result of this increased intake, the cocaine self-administration dose-response curve was shifted upward indicating an increase in cocaine reinforcement. Rats pretreated with nicotine as adults, however, did not show a difference in locomotor activity or cocaine self-administration thirty days later compared to adult rats pretreated with vehicle. These findings suggest that early exposure to nicotine has long-term consequences on cocaine use. These data further suggest that nicotine use may carry a greater risk during adolescence than adulthood and adolescents who smoke may be particularly vulnerable to stimulant use. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Adolescent plasticity.
Goldberg-Shprintzen Syndrome & Cerebral Dysgenesis

A 5-year-old girl with Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome and an abnormal CT scan suggesting neuronal migration defect or brain dysgenesis is reported from the Departments of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Habilitation Center, and Kitami Red Cross Hospital, Japan.
Kesterite-based next generation high performance thin film solar cell: current progress and future prospects

Kesterites, Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) and Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS), have been considered as highly prospective candidates for solar cell applications. The non-toxic and earth-abundant elements along with tunable bandgap of CZTSSe indicate a high potential to replace the reported high efficient Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 and CIGS/CIGSSe devices in order to meet the increasing demand of solar cell market. In this review, the structural, optical and electrical properties of CZTS/CZTSSe were analyzed based on recent research in this field. Various vacuum/non-vacuum CZTS/CZTSSe synthesis and fabrication routines were also analyzed. The vacuum based deposition methods have yielded an efficiency of 11.6 % solar cells, while the non-vacuum paths, especially the ink-based approach offered a more convenient synthesis and fabrication choice with an advanced efficiency of 12.6 %. Analysis indicated that the barriers to application of this material system is still remained in both material synthesis and device fabrication. Further elucidation on possible mechanism of solution-based synthesis and some of the key barriers of improving the device efficiency are required to being pushed forward.
Comparison of Two Induction Regimens, High Dose Cytarabine /Mitoxantrone vs Hyper-CVAD, for Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma.

Seventy-three consecutive adult patients with newly diagnosed ALL and lymphoblastic lymphoma were treated with either high-dose cytarabine /mitoxantrone (Ara-C/Mito) or Hyper-CVAD between January 1994 and January 2005 at the Westchester Medical Center. The regimens were chosen according to investigators’ preferences. The two induction regimens were either Ara-C 3 g/m2/d for 5 days and mitoxantrone 80 mg/m2 on day 2 (52 patients) or Hyper-CVAD regimen (21 patients) containing four cycles of Hyper-CVAD alternating with four cycles of high-dose methotrexate and Ara-C. All patients who were in CR received consolidation and maintenance therapy after induction. In Ara-C/Mito group, 45 (87%) of 52 patients achieved a complete remission (CR), 2 (4%) had resistant disease and 5 (9%) had died during remission induction in median follow-up of 48 months (range, 0.5 – 109 months). In Hyper-CVAD group, 16 (76%) of 21 patients achieved a CR, 4 (19%) had resistant disease and 1 (5%) had died during remission induction in median follow-up of 12months (range, 0.5 – 43 months). The difference of CR rate between the two groups was not statistically significant. (p=0.31). The overall survival (OS) of AraC/Mito group was 21 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 13 – 38 months), with a 3-year and 5-year OS of 36%, and 30%, respectively. In Hyper-CVAD group, OS was 26 months (95% CI, 26 -NR ), with a 3-year OS of 40%. The difference of OS between the two groups was not statistically significant (p=0.24). In Ara-C/Mito, median CR duration was 34 months (95% CI, 13-) and in Hyper-CVAD, median CR duration was not reached. In a combined multifactorial analysis of the two groups for prognostic factors, Age (<35) was the only favorable factor toward OS (p=0.03). Other prognostic factors including cytogenetics, cell type, WBC, LDH, were not statistically significant. In conclusion: Ara-C/Mito and Hyper-CVAD appear to be comparable in terms of CR rate, toxic death, and OS in this single institution retrospective analysis. It will be interesting to compare the two induction regimens in a large multicenter randomized study. | Regimen | N | Med F/U | CR | CR duration | OS | 3yr OS | 5yr OS | |:-------------------------------- | -- | ------- | ------ | ----------- | --- | ------ | ------ | | NR: median not reached. M: month | | AraC /Mito | 52 | 48m | 87% | 34m | 21m | 36% | 30% | | Hyper-CVAD | 21 | 21m | 76% | NR | 26m | 40% | NR | | | | | p=0.31 | | | p=0.24 | | AraC/Mito vs Hyper-CVAD
Charge transport in InN nanowires investigated by scanning probe microscopy

Over the past decade there has been an increasing interest in developing nanoscale nitride devices with enhanced functionalities and much improved performance compared to traditional devices [1]. In the past few years, InN materials have drawn high research interest following discovery of their surprisingly low bandgap (0.7–0.9 eV), high carrier mobility, and surface electron accumulation. Considerable recent research interest has also been focused toward synthesizing InN NWs and exploiting their unique material properties to develop novel multifunctional devices. In spite of their promise, there are only a few reports on the synthesis and characterization of InN NWs, partly due to the difficulty in achieving good material quality. Recently, Cai et al. reported on the synthesis of high quality InN nanowires (NWs) with uniform diameter and good crystalline properties [2]. However, unique surface electronic properties of these NWs are not yet fully understood, since direct experimental evidences are lacking so far.
Handheld Learning: Authentic Assessment Using iPads

Abstract This chapter focuses on experiential learning and assessment in an information literacy instruction program at a community college campus without a dedicated library instruction classroom. To address student learning needs, librarians developed collaborative, active learning exercises and assessment using iPads. After a librarian demonstrates searching in a relevant database, groups of students are assigned an iPad, a topic, and a database. They work together to find a relevant article and use the database’s email function to send the article to the librarian instructor, who evaluates their work using a rubric. Students are able to complete this task with a high degree of accuracy, and gain valuable experience compared to previous assessment techniques. Best practices for outreach (such as to faculty and other campus groups like the Information Technology department) and managing technical issues in the classroom are also discussed.
Scheduling parallel tasks with energy and time constraints on multiple manycore processors in a cloud computing environment

Abstract When multiple manycore processors in a data center for cloud computing are shared by a large number parallel tasks simultaneously, we are facing the problem of allocating the cores to the tasks and scheduling the tasks, such that the system performance is optimized or the energy consumption is minimized. Furthermore, such core allocation and task scheduling should be conducted with energy constraints or performance constraints. The problems of energy and time constrained scheduling of precedence constrained parallel tasks on multiple manycore processors in a cloud computing environment are defined as optimization problems. Lower bounds for optimal solutions are generalized from a single parallel computing system to multiple parallel computing systems. Our approach in this paper is to design and analyze the performance of heuristic algorithms that employ the equal-speed method. Pre-power-determination algorithms and post-power-determination algorithms are developed for both energy and time constrained scheduling of precedence constrained parallel tasks on multiple manycore processors with continuous or discrete speed levels. The performance of these algorithms are evaluated analytically and experimentally. Our main strategy is to embed the equal-speed method into our algorithms, which not only makes our analysis possible, but also yields good performance of our algorithms.
Safety and Efficacy of Dual Versus Triple Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Abstract Background Choosing an antithrombotic regimen after coronary intervention in patients with concomitant indication for anticoagulation is a challenge commonly encountered by clinicians. Methods We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized, controlled trials comparing outcomes of triple therapy (dual antiplatelet therapy and anticoagulant) with dual therapy (single antiplatelet therapy and anticoagulant) in patients taking long-term anticoagulants after percutaneous coronary intervention. Major bleeding was the primary outcome. Random effects overall risk ratios (RRs) were calculated using the DerSimonian and Laird model. Results Nine observational studies and 2 randomized controlled trials with a total of 7276 patients met our selection criteria. At a mean follow-up of 10.8 months major bleeding was higher in the triple therapy cohort compared with dual therapy (6.6% vs 3.8%; RR 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-1.98; P P = .93), major adverse cardiac events (RR 1.03; 95% CI, 0.8-1.32; P = .83), thromboembolic events (RR 1.02; 95% CI, 0.49-2.10; P = .96), myocardial infarction (RR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.67-1.09; P = .21), stent thrombosis (RR 0.77; 95% CI, 0.46-1.3; P = .33), and target vessel revascularization (RR 0.87; 95% CI, 0.66-1.15; P = .33). Conclusion In patients receiving anticoagulant therapy, a strategy of single antiplatelet therapy confers a benefit of less major bleeding with no difference in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, major adverse cardiac events, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, or thromboembolic event rate compared with dual antiplatelet therapy.
Do Pediatric Patients Have a Right to Know

Although some cancer treatments may cause infertility and thus future psychological harm, it’s up to minors’ parents whether they’re told about this risk.
Integrating emerging memory technologies into undergraduate logic design course: The impact of context based teaching

This work is an attempt to explore the role of context in teaching and also to present a brief knowledge module intending emerging technologies related to core conventional courses to stimulate students towards research. In our knowledge module, we report the introduction of novel method of teaching based on context which is music in our case. The topic of our module includes two emerging memory devices, STT-MRAM and FeRAM. The knowledge module based on these two devices was delivered in two distinct ways to check the outcome of context based teaching. The main aim of our module was twofold. One of them was to stimulate interest in students towards research and innovation. Another one was to examine how the motivation can be increased by applying a context in the topic rather than using conventional teaching. We accumulated students feedback through a pre and two post module surveys. Both feedback revealed that participants were interested in learning emerging technologies, and a context based approach in one of the modules makes it more effective in attaining its goals.
A Quantitative Model for the Prediction of Sooting Tendency from Molecular Structure

Particulate matter emissions negatively affect public health and global climate, yet newer fuel-efficient gasoline direct injection engines tend to produce more soot than their port-fuel injection counterparts. Fortunately, the search for sustainable biomass-based fuel blendstocks provides an opportunity to develop fuels that suppress soot formation in more efficient engine designs. However, as emissions tests are experimentally cumbersome and the search space for potential bioblendstocks is vast, new techniques are needed to estimate the sooting tendency of a diverse range of compounds. In this study, we develop a quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model of sooting tendency based on the experimental yield sooting index (YSI), which ranks molecules on a scale from n-hexane, 0, to benzene, 100. The model includes a rigorously defined applicability domain, and the predictive performance is checked using both internal and external validation. Model predictions for compounds in the external t...
A mobile phone-operated droplet magnetofluidic assay platform for nucleic acid amplification testing

Nucleic acid amplification is a powerful technique for rapid pathogen detection due to its high analytical sensitivity, specificity and speed, but the complexity of multistep assay preparation confines their use to laboratories maintained by medical scientists and specialized equipment. Using a droplet magnetofluidic approach to miniaturization for nucleic acid testing at the point of care, we report the development of a mobile phone-enabled sample-to-answer nucleic acid testing platform. Fluidic processing is drastically simplified by a novel cartridge design that facilitates sequential magnetic particle extraction and reconstitution with a single rotary actuator. The frontend design employs a mobile app designed to facilitate process automation through Bluetooth communication and data acquisition via integrated CMOS sensor. To validate the performance and clinical relevance of the assay platform, we tested 13 potentially Chlamydia trachomatis (CT)-infected patients in a hospital emergency department and obtained results which fully correlated with laboratory-based NAAT. This work illustrates a novel and broadly expandable approach to molecular diagnostic assay automation by utilizing the strengths of magnetofluidics and smartphone technology.
FUNDAMENTALS OF CARDIOLOGY: PLANNING, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF A TRAINING COURSE FOR NON-CARDIOLOGISTS

Primary care providers are often the first line of defense against disease. Given the increasing incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), it is essential that this cadre of non-cardiologists be aware of changes in clinical guidelines for early identification, management and
The Molecular Biology of Pathogenesis in Ustilago Maydis

The basidomycete order Ustilaginales is an important group of plant pathogens often referred to as the smut fungi. Ustilago maydis (DC) Cda., the causal agent of common smut of corn (Zea mays, (1)), offers an attractive system in which to gain an understanding of host-parasite interactions at the molecular level. Growing as a haploid yeast on defined media, U. maydis is amenable to both classical genetic analysis (2–4) and molecular manipulation (5,6). These studies can be extended to include interactions with the genetically well-characterized host, Z mays. Although this pathogen no longer imposes a production constraint in North America, where resistant hybrid corn is grown, it continues to be a problem in third world countries where susceptible varieties are still cultivated. Furthermore an understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis in this system may yield insight into other more economically important and difficult to study fungal diseases. Here we give a brief description of the disease, discuss classical and molecular genetic approaches to its study, present an update on mating type control and iron uptake where these studies are being productively applied, and address other areas that may give insight into the plant/fungus interaction.
Northern Plains Village

Relative Time Period: Follows, but partly concurrent, with the Plains Woodland tradition, precedes the historic period.
Meckel’s Diverticulum

Located on the anti-mesenteric border of the distal ileum, Meckel’s diverticulum is the most commonly encountered congenital anomaly of the GI tract. Patients with a Meckel’s diverticulum may develop symptoms related to diverticulitis, bowel obstruction or GI bleeding. An inflamed diverticulum will present with localized peritonitis and can be identified with ultrasound or CT scan imaging. To investigate whether GI bleeding is due to a Meckel’s diverticulum, patients are typically evaluated with a nuclear medicine technetium 99 m pertechnetate scan, known as a Meckel’s scan. Presence of a symptomatic diverticulum is most often confirmed by diagnostic laparoscopy, and treatment involves either diverticulectomy or segmental small bowel resection.
Abstract 4783: Selective antitumor activity of NSC311152 toward medullary thyroid cancer by downregulating the transcription of RET oncogene

The RET (REarranged during Transfection) proto-oncogene encodes a tyrosine-kinase receptor specifically expressed in tissues originated from neuroectodermal tissues. Dominant-activating mutations in this RET proto-oncogene is often associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2A and 2B and Familial Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma syndromes, characterized by the occurrence of medullary thyroid carcinomas. Human medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line TT cell line harbours a MEN2A-type mutation, so this cell line could be a useful cell system to investigate the antitumor activity of new agents interfering with the function of RET oncogene in medually thyroid cancer. Recently, ellipticine and its derivatives were identified as excellent RET G-quadruplex stabilizing agents. Furthermore, these compounds also interfered with the transcriptional mechanism of the RET gene in TT cells, subsequently decreasing the endogenous RET protein expression. In present study, we demonstrated the specificity of NSC311152 by using papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cells, the K1, which carry BRAF and PIK3CA mutations but lacks the dominant-activating mutations in this RET proto-oncogene. NSC311152 selectively suppresses cell proliferation by inhibiting the intracellular Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways in the TT cells. The systemic administration of NSC311152 in a mouse MTC xenograft model significantly inhibited the tumor growth through RET downregulation, whereas NSC31152 only showed a moderate antitumor activity against K1 xenograft tumors. Citation Format: Daekyu Sun, Vishnu Muthuraj Kumarasamy, Tariq Alqahtani. Selective antitumor activity of NSC311152 toward medullary thyroid cancer by downregulating the transcription of RET oncogene [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4783.
Crotalus atrox disintegrin reduces hemorrhagic transformation by attenuating matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity after middle cerebral artery occlusion in hyperglycemic male rats.

Hemorrhagic transformation after ischemic stroke is an independent predictor for poor outcome and is characterized by blood vessel rupture leading to brain edema. To date, no therapies for preventing hemorrhagic transformation exist. Disintegrins from the venom of Crotalus atrox have targets within the coagulation cascade, including receptors on platelets. We hypothesized that disintegrins from C. atrox venom can attenuate hemorrhagic transformation by preventing activation of matrix metalloproteinase after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in hyperglycemic rats. We subjected 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 240-260 g to MCAO and hyperglycemia to induce hemorrhagic transformation of the infarction. At reperfusion, we administered either saline (vehicle), whole C. atrox venom (two doses were used), or fractionated C. atrox venom (HPLC Fraction 2). Rats were euthanized 24 hr post-ictus for measurement of infarction and hemoglobin volume. Reversed-phase HPLC was performed to fractionate the whole venom and peaks were combined to form Fraction 2, which contained the disintegrin Crotatroxin. Fraction 2 protected against hemorrhagic transformation after MCAO, and attenuated activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9. Administering matrix metalloproteinase antagonists prevented the protection by Fraction 2. The results of this study indicate that disintegrins found in C. atrox venom may have therapeutic potential for reducing hemorrhagic transformation after ischemic stroke. Moreover, the RP-HPLC fractions retained sufficient protein activity to suggest that gentler and less efficient orthogonal chromatographic methods may be unnecessary to isolate proteins and explore their function.
Drugs of Abuse

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by Molly Broderick and Teresa Dodd-Butera, volume 2, pp 413–414, © 2005, Elsevier Inc.
Market Efficiency and Fraud on the Market: The Promise and Peril of Halliburton

This spring, the Supreme Court will hear Halliburton v. Erica P. John Fund, the most important securities law case in a quarter century. The Court will reconsider Basic v. Levinson and the fraud-on-the-market doctrine, the doctrine that has made the modern securities fraud class action possible. I argue that — contrary to the claims of the parties and of several of the Justices — the Court need not pass judgment on the efficient capital markets hypothesis in order to pass judgment on the fraud-on-the-market doctrine. It is possible to accept the efficient capital markets hypothesis and reject the fraud-on-the-market doctrine, or to reject the efficient capital markets hypothesis and accept the fraud-on-the-market doctrine. I further demonstrate that it is not only unnecessary, but would also be profoundly unwise for the Justices to wade into the debate over market efficiency. While market efficiency is of little relevance to the debate over the fraud-on-the-market doctrine, it is central to numerous other contemporary legal debates, many of which are of far more fundamental importance than the fraud-on-the-market doctrine. Any Supreme Court pronouncements on market efficiency would be certain to resurface in these debates in ways the authors would not intend.
Immunodeficiency Induced by Plasma Cell Tumors: Comparison of Findings in Human and Murine Hosts

Summary Patients with multiple myeloma exhibit a unique pattern of immunodeficiency, and mice bearing plasma cell tumors present a marked inability to respond to certain immune stimuli. Comparison of human and mouse studies underscores the striking similarity of these phenomena and provides a clearer picture of the mechanism by which malignant plasma cells depress the immune system.
ORCID Pop-ups: Starting Small to Disseminate at Large

In this lightning talk for the North Carolina Serials Conference, Lynnee Argabright describes the efforts of the ORCID team at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. In addition to discus...
Incoherent scatter radar observations of 10–100 keV precipitation: review and outlook

Abstract In this chapter, we review incoherent scatter radar-based techniques for quantifying energetic particle precipitation that impacts the E- and D-regions of the ionosphere and the middle and upper atmosphere. We review particle transport models and techniques, relevant E- and D-region chemistry models, and methods to estimate the differential number flux of energetic precipitation based on incoherent scatter radar observations of enhanced electron density. Previous incoherent scatter radar results of energetic particle precipitation associated with pulsating aurorae and auroral substorms are reviewed. Routine D-region observations have been conducted at the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar since 2007, and since 2015, this radar has been run during intervals in conjunction with the Van Allen Probes and the Arase satellite. We present preliminary results from a case study from January 13, 2015, which shows energetic precipitation coincident with a near conjunction with the Van Allen Probes. We conclude with open questions that can be addressed using incoherent scatter radar.
Coarsened mixtures of hierarchical skew normal kernels for flow cytometry analyses

Flow cytometry (FCM) is the standard multi-parameter assay for measuring single cell phenotype and functionality. It is commonly used for quantifying the relative frequencies of cell subsets in blood and disaggregated tissues. A typical analysis of FCM data involves cell classification---that is, the identification of cell subgroups in the sample---and comparisons of the cell subgroups across samples or conditions. While modern experiments often necessitate the collection and processing of samples in multiple batches, analysis of FCM data across batches is challenging because differences across samples may occur due to either true biological variation or technical reasons such as antibody lot effects or instrument optics across batches. Thus a critical step in comparative analyses of multi-sample FCM data---yet missing in existing automated methods for analyzing such data---is cross-sample calibration, whose goal is to align corresponding cell subsets across multiple samples in the presence of technical variations, so that biological variations can be meaningfully compared. We introduce a Bayesian nonparametric hierarchical modeling approach for accomplishing both calibration and cell classification simultaneously in a unified probabilistic manner. Three important features of our method make it particularly effective for analyzing multi-sample FCM data: a nonparametric mixture avoids prespecifying the number of cell clusters; a hierarchical skew normal kernel that allows flexibility in the shapes of the cell subsets and cross-sample variation in their locations; and finally the "coarsening" strategy makes inference robust to departures from the model such as heavy-tailness not captured by the skew normal kernels. We demonstrate the merits of our approach in simulated examples and carry out a case study in the analysis of two multi-sample FCM data sets.