cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Amino Acid Deprivation Induces the Transcription Rate of the Human Asparagine Synthetase Gene through a Timed Program of Expression and Promoter Binding of Nutrient-responsive Basic Region/Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors as Well as Localized Histone Acetylation

Expression of human asparagine synthetase (ASNS), which catalyzes asparagine and glutamate biosynthesis, is transcriptionally induced following amino acid deprivation. Previous overexpression and electrophoresis mobility shift analysis showed the involvement of the transcription factors ATF4, C/EBPβ, and ATF3-FL through the nutrient-sensing response element-1 (NSRE-1) within the ASNS promoter. Amino acid deprivation caused an elevated mRNA level for ATF4, C/EBPβ, and ATF3-FL, and the present study established that the nuclear protein content for ATF4 and ATF3-FL were increased during amino acid limitation, whereas C/EBPβ-LIP declined slightly. The total amount of C/EBPβ-LAP protein was unchanged, but changes in the distribution among multiple C/EBPβ-LAP forms were observed. Overexpression studies established that ATF4, ATF3-FL, and C/EBPβ-LAP could coordinately modulate the transcription from the human ASNS promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that amino acid deprivation increased ATF3-FL, ATF4, and C/EBPβ binding to the ASNS promoter and enhanced promoter association of RNA polymerase II, TATA-binding protein, and TFIIB of the general transcription machinery. A time course revealed a markedly different temporal order of interaction between these transcription factors and the ASNS promoter. During the initial 2 h, there was a 20-fold increase in ATF4 binding and a rapid increase in histone H3 and H4 acetylation, which closely paralleled the increased transcription rate of the ASNS gene, whereas the increase in ATF3-FL and C/EBPβ binding was considerably slower and more closely correlated with the decline in transcription rate between 2 and 6 h. The data suggest that ATF3-FL and C/EBPβ act as transcriptional suppressors for the ASNS gene to counterbalance the transcription rate activated by ATF4 following amino acid deprivation.
Computationally expedient openloop stochastic control

A stochastic control solution based on a quadratic criterion and a linear model with serially correlated coefficients that evolve according to a multivariate autoregressive moving-average process is presented. The solution does not anticipate either learning or revision, although it is consistent with both if they are unforeseen. Care has been taken to minimize the computational difficulty inherent in the result.
Vector diffraction from subwavelength optical disk structures: two-dimensional modeling of near-field profiles, far-field intensities, and detector signals from a dvd

Rigorous two-dimensional vector-diffraction patterns of a focused beam incident on an optical disk, specifically, a digital versatile disk (DVD), are examined both in the near field and in the far field. An efficient finite-difference frequency-domain method is developed for calculating the electromagnetic fields in the neighborhood of subwavelength dielectric and metallic structures. The results of vector-diffraction theory are compared with those of scalar-diffraction theory for pressed DVD features that consist of pits or of bumps. The sum (data) and difference (tracking) signals from a split photodetector are also calculated for different disk features and for different polarizations. The subwavelength features of a DVD result in considerable vector-diffraction effects both in the near-field profiles and in the detector signals, depending not only on the polarization of illumination but also on whether the features are pits or bumps. This paper provides important insight into the vector-diffraction effects encountered in high-density optical data storage systems.
A simple phenomenological model of tunable SAW devices using magnetostrictive thin films

A simple phenomenological model has been developed that is useful for the approximate design of tunable SAW (surface acoustic wave) devices using magnetostrictive thin films. The model formulation, based on perturbation theory, relates the maximum magnetic-field-dependent velocity change or tunability range to the frequency of operation, film thickness, elastic properties of the film and substrate, and magnetic properties of the film. Iron-terbium-boron films deposited on quartz and lithium niobate substrates were used to verify the formula. A significant variability in the magnetic properties of the films was obtained by varying the amount of terbium (0-5 at.%) in the film (80% Fe and 15-20% B). A simple figure of merit for comparing various film-substrate combinations, independent of device dimensions, was derived and experimentally checked. >
Unfolding the Damping Behavior of Multilayer Graphene Membrane in the Low-Frequency Regime

The damping behavior of few-layered graphene membrane in the low-frequency regime of mechanical loading is investigated in the present study. Damping of graphene has significant applications in micro/nanoscale devices and macroscale dynamic systems for absorbing shock-generated energies. Damping behavior of graphene is experimentally evaluated, for the first time, by dynamic mechanical analysis at the nanoscale with cyclic mechanical loading in the range 0.1–50 μN applied at a frequency range of 10–250 Hz. This study reveals 260% higher damping on graphene membranes than a silicon surface. The damping shows excellent reproducibility and remains steady even after 100 000 cycles. The damping of multilayer graphene membrane, supported on a Si/SiO2 substrate, shows a strong dependence on the frequency of cyclic loading. The mechanism governing impressive damping of a graphene membrane is elucidated by structural changes such as ripple formation, ripple wave propagation, and z-axis compression. Damping behavio...
The Least Shrew on Konza Prairie Biological Station, Kansas

We report specific locations and attributes of least shrews (Cryptotis parva) captured over a 29-year period on the Konza Prairie Biological Station, Kansas. We used large, nonfolding Sherman live traps to survey small mammals in native tallgrass prairie habitats (by traplines and grids), woodland habitats (by traplines and grids) and planted brome fields (traplines only). Eighty-seven least shrews were captured over the 29 years of surveys (ca. 350,000 trap nights). Almost all captures (98%) occurred in prairie habitat; 80% of all captures occurred on a prairie grid during a 5-year period. Least shrews on prairie traplines were captured in a variety of topographic positions (upland, hillside slope and lowland) and in burned and unburned prairie, but not in prairie grazed by bison. We captured individuals that ranged in body size from 2.5–8.0 g. The mean body mass of all captured least shrews was 4.7 g (excluding pregnant females) and, when only adults were included (excluding pregnant females), it was 5....
Driving forces for localized corrosion‐to‐fatigue crack transition in Al–Zn–Mg–Cu

Research on fatigue crack formation from a corroded 7075-T651 surface provides insight into the governing mechanical driving forces at microstructure-scale lengths that are intermediate between safe life and damage tolerant feature sizes. Crack surface marker-bands accurately quantify cycles (Ni) to form a 10–20 μm fatigue crack emanating from both an isolated pit perimeter and EXCO corroded surface. The Ni decreases with increasing-applied stress. Fatigue crack formation involves a complex interaction of elastic stress concentration due to three-dimensional pit macro-topography coupled with local micro-topographic plastic strain concentration, further enhanced by microstructure (particularly sub-surface constituents). These driving force interactions lead to high variability in cycles to form a fatigue crack, but from an engineering perspective, a broadly corroded surface should contain an extreme group of features that are likely to drive the portion of life to form a crack to near 0. At low-applied stresses, crack formation can constitute a significant portion of life, which is predicted by coupling macro-pit and micro-feature elastic–plastic stress/strain concentrations from finite element analysis with empirical low-cycle fatigue life models. The presented experimental results provide a foundation to validate next-generation crack formation models and prognosis methods.
Simulated Method of Moments Estimation for Copula-Based Multivariate Models

This article considers the estimation of the parameters of a copula via a simulated method of moments (MM) type approach. This approach is attractive when the likelihood of the copula model is not known in closed form, or when the researcher has a set of dependence measures or other functionals of the copula that are of particular interest. The proposed approach naturally also nests MM and generalized method of moments estimators. Drawing on results for simulation-based estimation and on recent work in empirical copula process theory, we show the consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator, and obtain a simple test of overidentifying restrictions as a specification test. The results apply to both iid and time series data. We analyze the finite-sample behavior of these estimators in an extensive simulation study. We apply the model to a group of seven financial stock returns and find evidence of statistically significant tail dependence, and mild evidence that the dependence between thes...
Painful nerve injury increases plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase activity in axotomized sensory neurons.

Background: The plasma membrane Ca 2+ -ATPase (PMCA) is the principal means by which sensory neurons expel Ca 2+ and thereby regulate the concentration of cytoplasmic Ca 2+ and the processes controlled by this critical second messenger. We have previously found that painful nerve injury decreases resting cytoplasmic Ca 2+ levels and activity-induced cytoplasmic Ca 2+ accumulation in axotomized sensory neurons. Here we examine the contribution of PMCA after nerve injury in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Results: PMCA function was isolated in dissociated sensory neurons by blocking intracellular Ca 2+ sequestration with thapsigargin, and cytoplasmic Ca 2+ concentration was recorded with Fura-2 fluorometry. Compared to control neurons, the rate at which depolarization-induced Ca 2+ transients resolved was increased in axotomized neurons after spinal nerve ligation, indicating accelerated PMCA function. Electrophysiological recordings showed that blockade of PMCA by vanadate prolonged the action potential afterhyperpolarization, and also decreased the rate at which neurons could fire repetitively. Conclusion: We found that PMCA function is elevated in axotomized sensory neurons, which contributes to neuronal hyperexcitability. Accelerated PMCA function in the primary sensory neuron may contribute to the generation of neuropathic pain, and thus its modulation could provide a new pathway for peripheral treatment of post-traumatic neuropathic pain.
Age, Growth, and Mortality of Introduced Flathead Catfish in Atlantic Rivers and a Review of Other Populations

Abstract Knowledge of individual growth and mortality rates of an introduced fish population is required to determine the success and degree of establishment as well as to predict the fish's impact on native fauna. The age and growth of flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris have been studied extensively in the species' native and introduced ranges, and estimates have varied widely. We quantified individual growth rates and age structure of three introduced flathead catfish populations in North Carolina's Atlantic slope rivers using sagittal otoliths, determined trends in growth rates over time, compared these estimates among rivers in native and introduced ranges, and determined total mortality rates for each population. Growth was significantly faster in the Northeast Cape Fear River (NECFR) than in the Lumber and Neuse rivers. Fish in the NECFR grew to a total length of 700 mm by age 7, whereas fish in the Neuse and Lumber river populations reached this length by 8 and 10 years, respectively. The growth ...
Cosmology with decaying particles.

We consider a cosmological model in which an unstable massive relic particle species (denoted by X) has an initial mass density relative to baryons ..beta../sup -1/equivalentrho/sub X//rho/sub B/>>1, and then decays recently (red-shift z< or approx. =1000) into particles which are still relativistic today (denoted by R). We write down and solve the coupled equations for the cosmic scale factor a(t), the energy density in the various components (rho/sub X/,rho/sub R/,rho/sub B/), and the growth of linear density perturbations (deltarho/rho). The solutions form a one-parameter (..beta..) family of solutions; physically ..beta../sup -1/approx. =(..cap omega../sub R//..cap omega../sub NR/)(1+z/sub D/) = (ratio today of energy density of relativistic to nonrelativistic particles) x (1+ red-shift of decay). We discuss the observational implications of such a cosmological model and compare our results to earlier results computed in ''the simultaneous decay approximation.'' In an appendix we briefly consider the case where one of the decay products of the X is massive and becomes nonrelativistic by the present epoch.
Survival Outcomes in Men Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy After Primary Radiation Treatment for Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate

Abstract Purpose Salvage radical prostatectomy (SRP) is a treatment modality for patients with radio-recurrent prostate cancer but is currently underutilized. We analyzed the survival outcomes in patients receiving SRP for radio-recurrent prostate cancer. The secondary outcome was effect of lymph node dissection on survival following SRP. Materials and Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 registry was used to identify patients that underwent radical prostatectomy between 1988 and 2010. Search identified 2628 patients with prostate cancer that underwent surgery after radiation. Following exclusion, 364 patients remained. Endpoints included overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Effect of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) status and number of nodes retrieved were also studied. Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank tests, and Cox-proportional hazard models were used, and P Results OS was 77.5% at 10 years and 37.3% at 20 years; CSS was 88.6% at 10 years and 72.7% at 20 years. The hazard of mortality was higher in men who did not undergo PLND with a hazard ratio of 1.4 for OS (P = .2) and 2.7 for CSS (P = .01). No significant increase in OS or CC was seen with increasing number of lymph nodes retrieved. Some limitations are inherent to the SEER database and include the lack of hormone manipulation status and PSA data. Conclusions Excellent long-term survival can be achieved with SRP. PLND improves CSS but increasing nodal yield does not significantly improve survival. Small sample sizes limit the overall power of this study.
Interfacial Gas Desorption and Diffusion during the Low Thermal Stress Fusion of III/V Materials to Si

A Low Thermal Stress (LTS) process, involving the removal of most of the InGaAs(P) material, was used to allow for wafer-fusion of InGaAs(P) samples to Si. The formation and behavior of bubbles of trapped gas between the thinned layer of InGaAs(P) material and the thick Si substrate were studied due to the yield problems such bubbles represent. Observations revealed a low temperature regime <300°C, during which significant gas generation occurred but only weak, reversible bonds were formed. The higher temperature regime, 300°-650°C, was characterized by no significant increase in bubble density, but resulted in a reduction or complete blockage of gas escape during storage. Further investigation of the higher temperature regime indicated continued production of gas, but with a tendency of the gases produced above 300°C to escape from the interface without the formation of bubbles under normal conditions. This information led to the development of a scalable LTS process requiring no modification of the wafers prior to bonding and utilizing sample pre-heating to 300°C before InGaAs(P) removal and subsequent high temperature treatment to 650°C for permanent bond formation.
‘Balik Kampung’: The Practice of Transborder Retirement Migration in Johor, Malaysia

For a segment of elderly Singaporean Malays who find growing old in Singapore costly, shifting to kampungs in Johor, Malaysia to retire is a viable solution, considering the low cost of living, accessible modern facilities, relatively developed infrastructure as well as its geographical proximity which allows for occasional return to Singapore. Some questions then emerge out of this practice. First, what is the kind of lifestyle that elderly, retired Singaporean Malays have to contend with in choosing to live in such settings? What kind of support do they receive as elderly migrants living away from home? The author embarked on a year-long ethnographic research in a particular Kampung Makmur, Johor to capture the dynamics of retirement migration for this particular group of elderly. The research elucidates several aspects of retirement migration—the working of the migrant network within the kampung organization, the everyday lived realities and practice of migrants to secure elder care and the process of migrant integration. Drawing on social capital and network, this research proposes that ‘social capital projects’ are undertaken by the elderly retirees to secure emotional and physical care in the kampung.
Hope, Growth and Progress: Three Cornerstones of Pragmatism

In this paper, I argue that hope, growth and progress are three critical concepts in pragmatist thinking, cornerstones in a philosophy of lived experience that are capable of continually informing and enriching practice. I discuss recent works by Naiko Saito, James Scott Johnston, Stephen Fishman and Lucille McCarthy that address the meaning of hope, growth and progress in John Dewey’s educational philosophy. What these authors’ treatments are not always clear about, though, is how to operationalize (or make concrete) these three concepts as policy resources in contemporary educational debates. While Dewey often discussed the vital relationship between the school and the home, not one of these three authors speaks to the important question of how Dewey might respond to the relatively recent controversy over homeschooling. I attempt to outline a Deweyan defense of homeschooling in the spirit of the three cornerstones of pragmatism: hope, growth and progress.
Biomodeling of pancreatic tumor mass.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States. It is identified by its rapid, invasive progression with a profound resistance to treatments such as chemotherapy. Unfortunately, there is a lack of information on how to effectively inhibit and control the rapid growth of pancreatic tumors, as well as limited information for diagnostics. With current methods, pancreatic cancer will continue to prevail as a leading cause of cancer death. We propose to study the complexity of pancreatic tumors with a systematic and analytical approach. Cancer is an abnormal growth of tissue caused by uncontrolled cell division. Observing the growth of these cells would prove to have a good basis to monitor the growth of a tumor. Here we create a 3-D simulation of tumor growth through mathematical modeling, using data from pancreatic cells grown in vitro. Using 3-D models will help to understand pancreatic tumors at cellular and molecular levels. The project aims to observe realistic growth of the tumor, accomplished from growing tumor cells on a monolayer in order to find parameters for our 3D mathematical model. This method will prove more beneficial than testing only on a monolayer cell line. Although cell death and the toxicity of drug dosage can be tested using a cell monolayer alone, it does not meet the demands of testing drug delivery in a realistic tumor environment that the mathematical model would provide. The monolayer lacks the dimensions that the drug would have to travel if it were delivered to a real in vivo tumor. A possible continuation of this project in the future could be to utilize the mathematical based approach to predict optimal therapy for the pancreatic tumor in order to develop models that can better test patient care for tumors. Computer modeling, another stepping stone through mathematical modeling, will possibly lead to testing the toxic effects of drugs on a 3-D model through computer modeling will aid in understanding the delivery of drugs throughout the tumor in vivo.
LARGE-ANGLE pp SCATTERING AS AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST OF THE MINIMAL INTERACTION HYPOTHESIS.

Recently a lower bound of the general form ∼ exp [Csγ lns] has been suggested for the pp scattering amplitude at fixed angle, where γ≥1/2. We discuss in this note the characteristic features in the pp differential cross-section should the minimal interaction hypothesis be valid. We compare this form with the experimental data for the cases γ=1/2 and γ=1, and find that the present data beyond the recently observed «break» in the 90 degree data are compatible with both cases although γ=1/2 gives a slightly better fit to the data. Should the lowerbound behavior indeed saturate the amplitude in the large momentum transfer region, then the break can be attributed to the transition between the region where the lower bound contribution dominates and the smaller |t| region where specifict-channel exchange mechanisms are dominating.
The Kanyok of Zaire: Serpents and lightning

The eighteenth-century Kanyok were increasingly drawn into the expanding Luba economic, political, and cultural orb. Of all the Kanyok leaders, the chiefs at Mulundu were the most successful in profiting from the opportunities afforded by the enlarged Luba trade and tribute system and in avoiding the dangers presented by an aggressive Luba domain. The Mulundu regime owed its success to a series of dynamic chiefs who continued to borrow Luba political ceremonies and symbols, but who also maintained an independent base of authority. In part they relied on their own personal shrewdness and strength, and in part, they drew on traditional Kanyok or Bantu theories and rituals to improve their positions. During the seventeenth century, when they had consolidated their wealth and political control, ambitious Kanyok rulers had emphasized and exaggerated their ties to powerful and prestigious neighbors. Not only had these Kanyok chiefs sought to enter the Luba trade and tribute network, claim Luba ancestry, borrow Luba titles, and tell stories about dancing the tomboka at the court of a Luba chief, they had even argued, anachronistically, that earlier matrilineal heroes such as Citend and Mwen a Ngoi had Luba connections. By the last decades of the eighteenth century, however, economic exchanges, once welcomed as opportunities to profit from the extensive Luba tribute system, frequently were interpreted as taxation or even extortion; the ceremonies of tomboka, initially performed as indispensable rituals of investiture, were sometimes viewed as marks of denigrating subordination; and legends of Luba hunters, originally fashioned to offer prestige and independence to patrilineal big men, increasingly were discredited as instruments of cultural and ideological oppression.
Contribution of the Hyperpolarization-Activated Current (I h) to Membrane Potential and GABA Release in Hippocampal Interneurons

Intrinsic GABAergic interneurons provide inhibitory input to the principal neurons of the hippocampus. The majority of interneurons located in stratum oriens (s.o.) of the CA1 region express the hy...
Population Structure of Everglades Rodents: Responses to a Patchy Environment

This study investigated (1) how individuals respond to patchy environments, and (2) how these responses may collectively produce attributes that characterize local and regional populations. Mark-recapture trapping was used to monitor populations of Peromyscus gossypinus, Sigmodon hispidus , and Oryzomys palustris occurring on a constellation of six discrete patches (tropical hardwood hammocks) in the Everglades of south Florida. In the wet season the populations were compressed onto the hammocks where the three species occurred together at high densities in 1975. In 1976 there were fewer Peromyscus and Sigmodon in the wet season than in the other years, while the density of Oryzomys matched its 1975 level. All reproduction occurred in the wet season. In the dry season Sigmodon moved off the hammocks and occupied the prairie, Oryzomys disappeared (presumably to seek refuge in mesic sites off the study area), and Peromyscus remained on the hammocks (although frequently caught on the prairie). Sigmodon and Oryzomys recolonized the hammocks at the beginning of the wet season, although no individuals captured on the hammocks in 1975 returned in 1976. Of the three species, Oryzomys showed the greatest degree of interhammock movements; Peromyscus was the least vagile. Interhammock movements by individual Peromyscus were dependent on sex, season, and hammock size. The largest hammock, 0.25 ha, apparently promoted and accomodated fewer vagrant Peromyscus than the smaller hammocks. Saturation of habitat appears determined by the interplay of the size and spacing of the hammocks and the structure of each species population.
Composition and growth of subtidal parvosilvosa from Californian kelp forests

1. Ecological studies of the kelp forests of Pacific North America have understandably stressed the larger vegetational components. An important vegetational component, previously neglected, is a taxonomically complex “turf” or parvosilvosa (Gislen 1930), composed of small algae and microscopic reproductive or developmental forms of larger algae. 2. This report considers the ecological importance of this smaller plant component within the framework of the overall vegetational structure. Both diving studies and the cultivation of experimental material in the laboratory under controlled conditions have been utilized to probe the questions involved. 3. Rocks and shells covered with representative algal turf have been cultured in the laboratory in naturally or artificially-illuminated tanks provided with a continuous supply of filtered seawater, and the resulting species composition has been compared with that occurring in nature. 4. Both luxuriant forms of previously collected material and new forms have been observed in these cultures. Certain of these algae grow extremely well in culture and in some cases continue to reproduce, generating successive crops of plants. Growth rates under laboratory conditions for a few species have been measured and approach what might be expected in the field. 5. Elective culture results suggest that many benthic algae may well exist for periods of time as “resting” or “resistant” stages, awaiting favorable environmental conditions. Stages such as those postulated have been produced in the laboratory. 6. Complete taxonomic or ecological surveys of subtidal areas, and particularly the deeper benthic regions near the lower limits of plant distribution would benefit from culture studies of the type described. Subtidal benthic algae also lend themselves readily to experimental manipulation, and the results obtained to date, although preliminary, suggest possible experimental approache to subtidal ecology.
THE VECTOR METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF FIBER AXIS DENSITY DISTRIBUTION

The vector method of texture analysis which can minimizethe required number of experimental pole figures has been applied to the de-termination of the fiber texture vectors.The coefficient matrix σ_(pn)(hkl)was calculated by means of Monte-Carlo method for the first time.It showsthat the fiber axis density distribution for a cubic material may be quantitati-vely derived from only one complete or even one incomplete pole figure.
Investigation on the Source of Angiostrongyliasis in Luoding City,Guangdong Province

Objective To investigate the prevalence and distribution of angiostrongyliasis in the mountain areas in Guangdong province;to provide a scientific basis for working out the effective control strategies of angiostrongyliasis in this area.Methods Gastropods collected in these areas were broken by homogenization,and the samples were allowed to precipitate at room temperature The dregs were smeared onto microscopic slides and observed under a microscope.Results Angiostrongylus cantonensis was found in Ampullarium crosseana Hidalgo,Achatina fulica and other snails,and the positive rates for these three types of snails were 13.21%(14/106),2.00%(2/100)and 1.43%(1/70),respectively.No worm was found in 10 Cipangoludina chinensis.Conclusion Ampullarium crosseana Hidalgo,Achatina fulica and river snails inhabiting in the mountain areas of Luoding city are the intermediate host of Angiostrongylus cantonensis.
Future Directions in Telemedicine Applications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Health-care systems are forced to shift to different models of care delivery due to continuous increases in health-care costs in developed countries. Value-based health care (VBHC), an approach to improve individual patient outcomes at reduced costs, is thought to be the solution to stop increases in health care spending while maintaining quality. In this chapter, we show the potential of telemedicine to contribute to novel systems of care delivery. We focus on five telemedicine areas that have a high potential for enhancing value in care: (1) communication, (2) remote monitoring, (3) education, (4) wellness, and (5) big data analytics and personalized medicine. Furthermore, we show an example of an existing telemedicine infrastructure that was developed at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
Balancing the Old with the New: Creating a Typology for Explicit-Implicit CSRS Interaction

In this article the authors articulate four separate models that consider the inter-relationships between Explicit and Implicit Corporate Social Responsibility. These models suggest that the transition from a traditional and 'quiet' social responsibility approach to a strategic and more expressive communication is design is variable and influenced by both institutional and firm level factors. At the institutional level, market liberalization, social legacy, localization forces and cultural legitimacy may all help predict where firms exist along the Explicit-Implicit continuum. Organizationally, strategy, social significance, market size and space, and self-determinism to moderate the extent to which firm adopts or resists Explicit CSRS. By considering these models and their related factors individually, the authors present a rich framework to educate future research in social responsibility and social change.
Epstein-Barr virus induced lymphoproliferative tumors in severe combined immunodeficient mice are oligoclonal

Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice reconstituted with lymphocytes from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) negative human donors develop aggressive tumors after the chimeric mice are infected with EBV. The tumors were composed of human B cells that expressed EBV encoded antigens (latent membrane protein and EBV nuclear antigen2). Southern blot analysis of DNA from 16 SCID/hu tumors with human Ig gene probes showed that each tumor contained multiple heavy and light chain gene rearrangements. Ig kappa gene rearrangements were frequent, while clonal lambda gene rearrangements were infrequent. Analysis of EBV terminal repeat sequences indicated two or more fused termini in each tumor, consistent with a multiclonal origin. Linear terminal repeat segments and viral antigens (EA-D and EA-R) associated with EBV replication were not detected in the tumors. High levels of human Igs in the SCID/hu serum were oligoclonal and primarily contained kappa light chains. Before the appearance of overt tumors, circulating cells with human and EBV DNA could be detected in the SCID/hu mice by the polymerase chain reaction. We conclude that EBV infection in SCID/hu chimeric mice produces a limited number of transformation events, which give rise to oligoclonal tumors resembling EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders in some immune-deficient patients.
Abstract 4310: Regular intake of high-fat diet exacerbates oxidative stress-mediated DNA hypermethylation and activation of Nrf2-Keap1 signaling in UVB-induced skin tumors in SKH-1 hairless mice

Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an essential metabolic process for maintaining normal cellular homeostasis; however elevated and sustained levels of ROS contribute in many human diseases, including cancer. Sustained and excessive cellular ROS result in genetic as well as epigenetic alterations, leading to deregulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a ubiquitous transcription factor, capable of eliciting the coordinated induction of cytoprotective genes in response to oxidative stress. Upon oxidative insult, Nrf2 rapidly translocate to nucleus, activates genes encoding anti-oxidative enzymes such as heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Earlier, we have shown that regular intake of high-fat diet (HF-diet) enhances tumor development in UV-exposed SKH-1 hairless mouse skin compared to control-diet (C-diet) fed mice. Administration of HF-diet along with exposure of UVB radiation (180 mJ/cm2, 3x/week for 24 weeks) resulted in sustained oxidative stress as evident by depletion in antioxidant defense capabilities. The levels of reduced glutathione (40%, p Citation Format: Tripti Singh, Ram Prasad, Santosh K. Katiyar. Regular intake of high-fat diet exacerbates oxidative stress-mediated DNA hypermethylation and activation of Nrf2-Keap1 signaling in UVB-induced skin tumors in SKH-1 hairless mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4310.
Realist Constructivism: Rethinking International Relations Theory

Realism and constructivism, two key contemporary theoretical approaches to the study of international relations, are commonly taught as mutually exclusive ways of understanding the subject. Realist Constructivism explores the common ground between the two, and demonstrates that, rather than being in simple opposition, they have areas of both tension and overlap. There is indeed space to engage in a realist constructivism. But at the same time, there are important distinctions between them, and there remains a need for a constructivism that is not realist, and a realism that is not constructivist. Samuel Barkin argues more broadly for a different way of thinking about theories of international relations, that focuses on the corresponding elements within various approaches rather than on a small set of mutually exclusive paradigms. Realist Constructivism provides an interesting new way for scholars and students to think about international relations theory.
GHz integrated acousto-optics

Integrating nanoscale electromechanical transducers and nanophotonic devices potentially can enable new acousto-optic devices to reach unprecedented high frequencies and modulation efficiency. We demonstrate acousto-optic modulation of a photonic crystal nanocavity using acoustic waves with frequency up to 19 GHz, reaching the microwave K band. Both the acoustic and photonic devices are fabricated in piezoelectric aluminum nitride thin films. Excitation of acoustic waves is achieved with interdigital transducers with periods as small as 300 nm. Confining both acoustic wave and optical wave within the thickness of the membrane leads to improved acousto-optic modulation efficiency in the new devices than that obtained in previous surface acoustic wave devices. Our system demonstrates a novel scalable optomechanical platform where strong acousto-optic coupling between cavity-confined photons and high frequency traveling phonons can be explored.
In Search of Useful Collection Metadata: Using OpenRefine to Create Accurate, Complete, and Clean Title-level Collection Information

University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), like many libraries, recently migrated to a new knowledgebase and integrated library system (ILS) and found they had to clean up a great deal of messy serial title list data. In their search for solutions, they discovered the free, open source tool OpenRefine, a software program specifically designed for data normalization, transformation, and cleaning. This article describes the steps that UNCG used to take a publisher's title list file and transform it into a file format usable by their ILS. In doing so, this article will discuss major types of functionality in OpenRefine: downloading the software, importing data correctly, using the interface, transforming data on a column and cell level, exploring and normalizing data, and exporting files out of OpenRefine. At the end of this article, the readers should understand how to use OpenRefine on a basic level and be able to begin to use it on their own data.
Cyclin D1 expression and polysomy in lymphocyte-predominant cells of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma

Cyclin D1 protein expression in lymphocytes is classically associated with mantle cell lymphoma. Although increasingly recognized in other lymphoproliferative disorders, cyclin D1 expression and CCND1 gene abnormalities have not been well studied in nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL). Using a double stain for CD20/cyclin D1, we quantified cyclin D1 expression in 10 cases of NLPHL and correlated those findings with SOX11 expression, CCND1 gene abnormalities, and clinical data. For comparison, we examined 5 cases of T cell-/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (THRLBCL). All cases of NLPHL stained for cyclin D1 showed at least rare positivity in lymphocyte-predominant (LP) cells. In 4 cases, at least 20% of LP cells were positive for CD20/cyclin D1. Neither SOX11 expression nor CCND1 gene rearrangement was found in any of the cases, but fluorescence in situ hybridization showed a proportion of the large cells with 3 to 4 copies of nonfused IGH and CCND1 signals or 3 intact CCND1 break-apart signals. Further study with CCND1/CEP11 showed polysomy in 6 of 9 cases with cyclin D1 expression and 5 of 16 NLPHL not examined for cyclin D1. Two of 5 cases of THRLBCL showed rare positive staining for CD20/cyclin D1; 1 case showed polysomy with CCND1/CEP11. Results show that cyclin D1 may be expressed in LP cells without SOX11 expression or CCND1 translocation. Polysomy with increased copies of CCND1 may account for cyclin D1 expression in some cases. Cyclin D1 expression is not useful for distinguishing NLPHL from THRLBCL and has no apparent clinical significance in NLPHL.
Splitting of strengths in neutron removal from 13 O

Using mirror symmetry and wave functions for 12Be and 13B, I have estimated the splitting of strength expected for 0+ and 2+ final states of 12O in neutron removal from 13O. Results indicate that most of the peak observed near 2.0 MeV in that reaction corresponds to a 2+ state. About 80% of the total 2+ strength should reside in a 2+ state (or states) near 5 MeV.
Independent effects of step length and foot strike pattern on tibiofemoral joint forces during running.

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of step length and foot strike pattern along with their interaction on tibiofemoral joint (TFJ) and medial compartment TFJ kinetics during running. Nineteen participants ran with a rear foot strike pattern at their preferred speed using a short (−10%), preferred, and long (+10%) step length. These step length conditions were then repeated using a forefoot strike pattern. Regardless of foot strike pattern, a 10% shorter step length resulted in decreased peak contact force, force impulse per step, force impulse per kilometre, and average loading rate at the TFJ and medial compartment, while a 10% increased step length had the opposite effects (all P < 0.05). A forefoot strike pattern significantly lowered TFJ and medial compartment TFJ average loading rates compared with a rear foot strike pattern (both <0.05) but did not change TFJ or medial compartment peak force, force impulse per step, or force impulse per km. The combination of a shorter step...
Acquiring and Improving Skills in Diagnostic Endosonography

The premise of this book is to make the reader better at endosonographic diagnosis. This process is iterative and never stops. The inside of the colon is at first amazing to the novice endoscopist but soon routine takes over. Indeed, the number of new features or diagnostic challenges the trainee will encounter trails off fast. Not so in endosonography. There is always something new to learn, and the more you know, the more you will see. This is a spiral staircase with the following repeating steps: concrete experience, observation and reflection, formation of abstract concepts, and testing in new situations [1]. In this introductory chapter we begin with a discussion of cognitive biases, which not only lead to wrong diagnoses but also impede learning. After a look at artifacts, we briefly review anatomic features that often are neglected and then make a pitch for the better use of Doppler studies. Some regional anatomy will be reviewed in subsequent organ-specific chapters. Furthermore, we review image retrieval web sites that are useful for decision support, lectures, and publications, and identify textbooks and journals of interest. Finally, we discuss the future of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, the cornerstone of diagnostic endosonography.
Auditors’ Evaluation of Management’s Competence After Failure in Internal Control

Ineffective internal control systems can result in materially misstated financial statements, and auditors are the primary external evaluators of their clients’ control systems. COSO’s 2013 Internal Control Framework emphasizes the importance of management’s competence in a strong internal control system and suggests that management’s competence is conveyed by the quality of management’s actions. However, the Culpable Control Model (CCM) in psychology literature suggests that auditors may unintentionally overlook the quality of management’s actions and focus on the signals conveyed by actions or absence of actions about whether management was aware of potential control issues. The CCM also suggests that auditors should make judgments that are more consistent with the Framework if they previously make a non-required communication to management regarding the potential control issues. Reducing auditors’ unintentional deviation from the Framework is important because auditors’ view of management’s competence may affect auditors’ evaluation of controls. I find support for these predictions in two experiments using a total of 195 Big-4 audit seniors as participants. I discuss important implications of my findings for theory and practice.
Pollutant concentrations and emission rates from natural gas cooking burners without and with range hood exhaust in nine California homes

Combustion pollutant concentrations were measured during the scripted operation of natural gas cooking burners in nine homes. Boiling and simmering activities were conducted on the stovetop and in the oven with and without range hood exhaust ventilation or air mixing via a forced air system. Time-resolved concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particles with diameters of 6 nm or larger (PN), carbon monoxide (CO), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were measured in the kitchen and bedroom area of each home. Four of the nine homes had kitchen 1 h NO2 exceed the national ambient air quality standard (100 ppb). In all homes, the highest 1 h integrated PN exceeded 2 × 105 cm−3-h, and the highest 4 h PN exceeded 3 × 105 cm−3-hr in the kitchen. Range hood performance varied widely, but one with a large capture volume and a measured flow of 108 L/s reduced concentrations 80–95%. Increased awareness of the need to ventilate when cooking, along with building standards for minimum range hood flow rates and volume, could substantially reduce exposures to NO2 and ultrafine particles in homes.
Mothering matters: Maternal style predicts puppies’ future performance

Bray et al. (2017, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(32), 9128–9133) recently showed that maternal interactions between service dog mothers and their puppies were predictive of puppies’ future success as a candidate service dog. These findings prompt questions into the role of genetics and early experiences and may provide useful selection tools for working dog breeding programs.
Inverse association for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease subsequent to both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers in a large, urban, single-centre, Midwestern US patient population.

BACKGROUND Although literature demonstrates a decreased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in individuals with various cancers, including squamous cell cancers (SCC) and basal cell cancers (BCC) comprising non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC), there is a paucity of literature to substantiate an association between malignant melanoma (MM) and AD. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether an association exists between MM and AD as well as for NMSC and AD. METHODS A large urban, Midwestern, US, single-centre, medical record (EMR) data repository was searched between January 2001 and December 2015, to identify all patients at age ≥60 and <89 years with a clinic follow-up of at least 1 year and no diagnosis for AD, MM or NMSC at the time of the study entry. Data collected included age, gender, race and duration of follow-up. MM and NMSC were detected by ICD-9 codes and ICD-10 codes. Incident diagnosis of AD was also detected by ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to obtain crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS Data for a total of 82 925 patients with known race and gender and were detected. After adjusting for confounding factors (race, gender, age, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease and diabetes), there was a significant decreased risk of subsequent AD in patients with MM (OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.16-0.96; P = 0.042) as well as in patients with BCC (OR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.08-0.45; P < 0.0001) and for patients with SCC (OR: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01-0.56; P = 0.013). CONCLUSION These findings add to the growing body of evidence for a decreased risk of AD in patients with various cancers and highlight the need for ongoing research to elucidate both neurologic and biologic mechanisms that may underlie this apparent inverse association.