cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Formation of fetal cotyledons in the hemochorial placenta: A theoretical consideration of the functional implications of such an arrangement

Abstract The principal stages of organogenesis of the hemochorial placenta are known in a descriptive sense. These are recognized, after implantation, as previllous, villous, and cotyledonary. The previllous stage is first without maternal blood but shortly, uterine veins, and later endometrial capillaries, are tapped and lakes of maternal blood and products of fetal tissue breakdown form embryotrophe in the syncytium. This material is believed to be a source of nourishment for embryonic tissues. When the conceptus becomes surrounded by an abundance of villi of cytotrophoblastic columns that give rise continuously to a covering layer of syncytial tissue, this is called the chorion frondosum. It has been seen as late as 45 days conception age in a human conceptus. No one knows now the nature (arterial, venous) of maternal blood flow about these early fetal tissues. However, by the eighty-fourth day, definitive hollow tambour-like fetal cotyledons exist and these become larger, in these dimensions, as gestation continues. To account for the transformation of chorion frondosum into fetal cotyledons (40 to 60 cotyledons altogether, and about 150 undeveloped rudimentary ones that are residual anchoring villi with numerous free villi from the chorion frondosum) the view is advanced in this essay that when endometrial spiral arterioles are tapped (sometime after the fortieth day) the local force of blood pressure causes organization of the local fetal cotyledons, and that this is essentially a hemodynamic molding process acting on the tissues of the chorion frondosum. It involves (a) cavitation , (b) crowning and extension of anchoring villi , and (c) completion by development of the supplying vascular pattern out of the original blastoderm, now the chorioallantoic plate. Physiologic data from the literature (local blood pressure differences and oxygen tension differences within the intervillous space and cineangiography) are cited to support this functional concept of the last stages of definitive morphogenesis of the placenta. This theory raises questions concerning what metabolic factors limit trophoblastic invasiveness. It offers a solution by which physiologists may account for hydrostatic forces of a conventional sort in maternal-fetal exchange of water and many dissolved substances since the cotyledons are local regions of high maternal blood pressure with respect to fetal blood pressure, and the non-cotyledonary anchoring villi are areas of low maternal blood pressure with respect to fetal blood pressure. Each cotyledon is a terminal arterial glomus from which blood filters slowly through the surrounding fetal villi into the intervillous space proper. Without such a concept one is confronted with the currently prevailing view of uptake of water by fetal blood into capillaries where pressure is high (15 mm. Hg or more) from regions where the pressure is commonly regarded as being low (intervillous space, 5 to 10 mm. Hg).
A Comparison of Interactive Planning and Soft Systems Methodology: Enhancing the Complementarist Position

Flood and Jackson (1991) explain the diversity of systems-based methods with a pluralistic “System of Systems Methodologies” by categorizing the various methods according to the problem context for which they are deemed to be best suited. The two methods classified as most appropriate for complex-pluralistic problems, Ackoff's Interactive Planning and Checkland's Soft System Methodology, are compared according to their underlying theory, problem-solving techniques, and outcomes. Despite their shared focus on the same problem context, the two methods are derived from different ontological assumptions which yield different techniques and outcomes. An argument is presented for conducting additional comparisons of methods that address the same problem context.
Restricted permutations related to Fibonacci numbers and k-generalized Fibonacci numbers

We give enumerations of various families of restricted permutations involving the Fibonacci numbers or k-generalized Fibonacci numbers.
Moral judgement changes among undergraduates in a capstone internship experience

This mixed-methods study explored the moral growth of undergraduates in a recreation management internship experience. The quantitative phase reported moral judgement gains in Personal Interest and Post-conventional schema, and N-2 scores, as measured by the Defining Issues Test 2 (DIT-2), among 33 interns. The case-study method used a pattern matching technique to show congruence between the theoretical patterns of Neo-Kohlbergian theory of moral development and observed patterns of judgement and action among 10 intern cases representing low and high levels of post-conventional reasoning as measured by the DIT-2.
Stability and Heritability of Pith in Sugarcane and Its Influence on Yield

Selection for reduction or elimination of pith is common in sugarcane breeding programs. Pith is considered to be associated with reduced sugar yield. The purposes of this experiment were to investigate the relationship of pith to juice extraction and evaluate the stability of expression of pith over diverse environments. Twenty-four sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) clones were grown at three locations in southern Florida, and evaluated for pithiness and the effect of pith on juice yield. Pith was greatest at the best cane-growing location. Significant genotype × environment interaction was attributed to only six clones. Ranking of clones for pith changed with locations, but pithy clones tended to be pithy in all environments. Broad-sense heritabilities for pith, Brix, diameter, and stalk weight ranged from 0.88 to 0.92. Pith was not correlated with juice extraction.
The need for integration of accounting systems and the design of electronic data-processing systems

A short time ago Henry Dreyfuss, the man who designed your telephone and many other commercial products, gave an address on the principles of good industrial design. Mr. Dreyfuss emphasized his fundamental point by quoting an old Greek philosopher, who said that "the measure of all things is man."
Considerations for new tactical computer systems

The real-time command and control environments characteristic of tactical military systems and industrial process control systems place unique and conflicting design requirements on a support computer system. These requirements include fast context switching, selective protection of programs and their files, controlled sharing of program and files, high processing speed, flexible, yet fast priority structure for interrupts and program execution, flexible high-speed I/O and flexible intercommunication and control for interacting programs. This paper describes a new computer system now being prototyped to satisfy these requirements. The system design includes a number of unique features relating to the efficient implementation of a flexible virtual memory addressing system for the stringent real-time environment.
Search for an intermediate-range composition-dependent force coupling to N − Z

We report a search for composition dependence in the forces acting on two test masses made primarily of lead and copper, due to an attracting mass made primarily of lead. The test masses are mounted on a torsion balance of high symmetry. The attracting mass is a 320-kg lead ring in an aluminum shell, positioned so that the torsion balance lies on the ring's axis at a distance from its center approximately equal to $\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}$ times the ring's mean radius. When the ring is moved periodically between symmetric positions on opposite sides of the balance, the resulting change in gravitational field experienced by the balance is spatially uniform to a very high degree: all derivatives of the change in field at the center of the balance vanish through third order. We find the apparent gravitational force per unit mass on the two test masses due to the attracting ring mass to be equal to within 1.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2 ppm. Assuming a parametrization of a composition-dependent force in the notation of Fischbach, we find $\ensuremath{\xi}=(5.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ for ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{5}=90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ ($N\ensuremath{-}Z$ coupling), $\ensuremath{\xi}=(\ensuremath{-}1.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ for ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{5}=0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ ($B$ coupling).
Electromyographic Analysis of Cashiers in Seated and Standing Postures in a Store Environment

A field study was conducted at a European retailer in order to investigate the effects of sitting and standing on muscle activity of cashiers throughout the workday. Electromyography (EMG) data were collected from the neck/shoulders, lower back, and lower leg muscles as cashiers worked at either a standing or seated checkstand for a 4 hour work shift. A trend towards higher muscle activity was observed in the neck/shoulders in the seated checkout compared to the standing checkout, while muscle activity was mixed in the low back. Lower leg activity was higher when standing compared to sitting, however the percent maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) for the leg muscles was very low (less than 2% of MVC). These field results showed similar trends to previously reported laboratory results (Lehman et al., 2001). Cashiers preferred to alternate working posture between sitting and standing.
Metabolism of 3H-estrone sulfate perfused in vivo through a rhesus monkey liver

Abstract The liver of a rhesus monkey was perfused in vivo with [3H]-estrone sulfate (E1SO4). The injection was made via the portal vein and blood was collected from the hepatic vein, using a heart catheter. Analysis for free and conjugated metabolites was done. The sulfate fraction represented 2 3 of the recovered activity, indicating a slow rate of desulfiirylation. Conversion of estrone sulfate to free estrogens was indicated. 2-hydroxy-estrogens were found in substantial amounts in the conjugate fractions. Double conjugates of estriol and 2-hydroxy-estriol in the form of sulfoglucosiduronates were indicated. Evidence for retention of E1SO4 by the monkey liver was presented.
Haemostatic markers are associated with measures of vascular disease in adults with hypertension.

Haemostatic markers have been implicated in the development and progression of vascular disease. We investigated the associations of several haemostatic markers (fibrinogen, D-dimer, FV, FVII, FVIII, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and antithrombin III) with two quantitative measures of vascular disease in adults with hypertension. Participants included 1051 African Americans (65±9 years, 72% women) and 894 non-Hispanic whites (61±9 years, 55% women) belonging to hypertensive sibships. Phenotypes of vascular disease included the ankle—brachial index (ABI), a measure of peripheral arterial disease, and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), a surrogate of glomerular endothelial function. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess whether plasma levels of haemostatic markers were associated with measures of arteriosclerosis, after adjustment for conventional risk factors and medication (statin, aspirin and oestrogen) use. Higher fibrinogen and D-dimer were significantly associated with lower ABI in African Americans (P<0.001 and 0.004 respectively) and in non-Hispanic whites (P<0.001 and 0.010 respectively). Higher fibrinogen (P<0.001), D-dimer (P=0.003), FVIII (P<0.001) and vWF (P<0.001) were significantly associated with higher UACR in African Americans, whereas, in non-Hispanic whites, higher fibrinogen (P=0.020) and FVII (P=0.006) were significantly associated with higher UACR. Our findings indicate that in adults with essential hypertension, several markers in the haemostatic pathway are independently associated with ABI and UACR, two measures of vascular disease.
Determination of trichlorfon and dichlorvos residues in shrimp using gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection

A method capable of quantifying trichlorfon and dichlorvos in shrimp at concentrations of 20−80 ng/g has been developed. Ground shrimp is homogenized in ethyl acetate and centrifuged. The supernatant is dried completely on a rotatory evaporator. The extract is dissolved in petroleum ether, concentrated on a solid phase extraction column, and analyzed by gas chromatography using a cool on-column inlet and a nitrogen−phosphorus detector. The analytes are separated from matrix components using a thermal gradient on a (cyanopropyl)phenyl-methylpolysiloxane column. The method was validated with control shrimp fortified at 20, 40, and 80 ng/g trichlorfon and dichlorvos. The average recoveries and intralaboratory coefficients of variations were 50−83% and 15−21% respectively. Keywords: Trichlorfon; dichlorvos; shrimp; gas chromatography; nitrogen−phosphorus detector
Hydrogenation of testosterone sulfate by the Δ4-3-ketosteroid reductase of rat liver microsomes

Abstract TPNH2 is oxidized in the presence of testosterone or testosterone sulfate and a microsomal preparation from the liver of female rats. In the presence of iorganic phosphate, DPNH2 also acts as a hydrogen donor. Evidence is presented that testosterone sulfate is converted predominantly to the 4,5-dihydro derivative, 3-keto-5α-androstane - 17-yl sulfate.
Management of branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas: observation with MR imaging

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the clinical outcomes of conservative management by observation with MRI of patients with branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMNs). Materials and Methods Twenty-three consecutive patients, who were followed up by MRI with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) over a period of more than 9 months after initial MRI examinations, were enrolled in this study. On MRI, number of lesions, the maximum diameter of BD-IPMNs, lesion location, the presence of associated dilatation of main pancreatic duct (MPD), the presence of enhancing mural nodules within the lesion and the presence of interval change were retrospectively reviewed on initial and follow-up MR images in consensus by two radiologists. All patients were evaluated to search for evidence of malignant progression of disease. Results The follow-up period ranged from 10 to 96 months (mean, 37 months). On initial MRI with MRCP, a total of 39 lesions were found in 23 patients. The maximum diameter of BD-IPMNs ranged between 6 and 32 mm, with a mean of 12 mm. Thirty-four lesions (87%) of 19 patients remained unchanged in the maximum diameter. Five lesions (13%) of four patients showed an increase in the maximum diameter. Enhancing mural nodules were not found in any individual, neither on the initial MRI study nor on the follow-up studies. There was no patient who had evidence of local aggressive growth of tumor or evidence of metastases to distant sites. Conclusion Our study suggests that branch-duct IPMNs without enhancing mural nodules are essentially benign and should be managed nonoperatively through observation by MRI.
Metaphors and meaning: An intercultural analysis of the concept of teamwork

This paper develops a conceptual framework to explain different understandings of the concept of teamwork across national and organizational cultures. Five different metaphors for teamwork (military, sports, community, family, and associates) were derived from the language team members used during interviews in four different geographic locations of six multinational corporations. Results indicated that use of the teamwork metaphors varies across countries and organizations, after controlling for gender, team function, and total words in an interview. Analyses of specific relationships between national cultural values and categories of metaphor use and between dimensions of organizational culture and categories of metaphor use revealed patterns of expectations about team roles, scope, membership, and objectives that arise in different cultural contexts. We discuss the implications of this variance for future research on teams and the management of teams in multinational organizations.
Analysis of the Archives' most frequently cited articles.

When subscribers to Hermann Knapp'sArchives of Ophthalmology(then called theArchives of Ophthalmology & Otology) received volume 1, No. 1, in 1869, they were treated to a remarkable group of articles (Figure). Included in this issue was Henry Willard Williams' description of the use of a suture in closing the cataract wound. Williams was the first to use a suture in intraocular surgery, and his article continues to be cited to this day. Further, there was Hermann Knapp's report on his third series of 100 cases of cataract extraction by the "peripheric-linear method," which served as a benchmark for evaluation of the results of cataract surgery for the next quarter of a century. Knapp also provided, complete with color plate, the third case to be described in the medical literature of an embolism of a retinal artery, an article cited for a century afterward. Richard Liebreich described a modification
Transport ATPases into the year 2008: a brief overview related to types, structures, functions and roles in health and disease

Transport ATPases can be lumped into four distinct types, P, F, V, and ABC, with the first three designated 20 years ago (Pedersen, P.L. and Carafoli, E., Trends Biochem. Sci. 12, 146–150, 1987) and the ABC type included more recently. The mini-reviews (>20) that comprise this volume of the Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes describe work presented at the 2007 FASEB Conference (6th) on Transport ATPases (Kathleen Sweadner, Chair; Rajini Rao, Co-Chair). Since these conferences began in 1997, the “transport ATPase field” has seen tremendous progress. Advances include a much better understanding of the structure, mechanism, and regulation of each of the four major ATPase types as well as their physiological and medical relevance. In fact, the transport ATPase field has entered a new era in which work on these enzymes is likely to contribute to new therapies for multiple diseases that affect both people and animals. Among these are cancer and heart disease, mitochondrial diseases, osteoporosis, macromolecular degeneration, immune deficiency, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, ulcers, nephro-toxicity, hearing loss, skin disorders, lupus, and malaria. In addition, as several members of the transport ATPase family include those involved in drug resistance their study may help alleviate this recurring problem in drug development. Finally, the transport ATPase field is also paving the way for nanotechnology focused on nano-motors with work on the F-type ATPases (F0F1) leading the way. These ATPases driven in reverse by a proton gradient have the capacity to interconvert electrochemical energy into mechanical energy and finally into chemical energy conserved in the terminal bond of ATP. In mammalian mitochondria these events occur on a larger complex or “nano-machine” called the “ATP synthasome” that consists of the ATP synthase in complex formation with carriers for Pi and ADP/ATP.
Influence of Design and Operating Practices on Excitation of Generator Step-Up Transformers

The damage resulting from overexcitation of generator step-up transformers could have an impact on generator reserve requirements unless suitable steps are taken by the industry. This paper discusses transformer design theory relating to overexcitation, utility operating practices, and overexcitation experiences; also, an estimate is made of the probability of overexcitation occurrence for units rated 150 MW and larger. Automatic corrective action is recommended, and a logic circuit is presented to accomplish this objective.
The Heart of the Politics of Race: Centering Black People in the Study of White Racial Attitudes

This piece confronts a serious deficiency in the literature on racial politics. The defining works of White racial attitudes fail to grapple with the complexities of African American political thou...
RIFAMPIN AND PENICILLIN THERAPY FOR ELIMINATING NASAL COLONIZATION OF TYPE III GROUP B STREPTOCOCCI (GBS) IN INFANT RATS

Multiple antibiotic strategies have been used in attempts to eradicate GBS from colonized infants and women. However, no chemoprophylactic regimen has been successful in reliably eliminating GBS carriage. Because rifampin (Rif) has been utilized successfully to terminate nasopharyngeal colonization with meningococci, H. influenzae, or S. pyogenes, we tested the in vitro sensitivity of GBS to Rif and the ability of Rif to eliminate GBS from nasally colonized infant rats. The MIC of Rif for 18 strains of type III GBS ranged from 0.1-0.4 μg/ml. Atraumatic nasal inoculation of 1-2 day-old rats with 107-108 colony forming units of GBS (MIC = 0.1 μg/ml) twice daily for 4 days resulted in 100% GBS carriage for at least 7 days. Colonized animals were divided into 4 treatment groups: 1) saline, 2) oral Rif (20 mg/kg/dose q 12 hrs × 4 days), 3) intraperitoneal (IP) penicillin (PCN) (50,000 units/kg/dose q 12 hrs × 4 days), or 4) IP PCN & oral Rif. All 73 saline controls and 26/29 PCN-treated animals had continued GBS nasal carriage 36 hours after completion of therapy (p=NS). In contrast, only 10/37 Rif-treated animals and 5/42 PCN & Rif-treated animals remained GBS-positive. No rifampin-resistant GBS emerged. Rif or PCN & Rif is significantly more effective in eradicating GBS carriage, compared to saline or PCN (p<0.0001). These data demonstrate that, unlike PCN, Rif (with or without PCN) is effective in eliminating GBS from nasally colonized infant rats. Clinical trials with rifampin appear indicated.
Enzyme therapy and spinal cord regeneration: A fluorescence microscopic evaluation

Abstract Enhanced spinal cord regeneration and return of function has been claimed to follow enzyme therapy. We investigated the effects of mucolytic and proteolytic enzymes on central catecholaminergic fibers after spinal cord transection. The transections were carried out at midthoracic level using 62 young adult female rats. After surgery all animals received daily administration of lydase, or a combination of trypsin and elastase, or saline into the wound site for 14 days. Two weeks, 4 weeks, or 6 months after transection the animals were killed, and spinal cords were removed and processed for fluorescence microscopy. By 2 or 4 weeks, there was no significant growth of fluorescent axons into the lesion gap. In all three treatment groups, some fibers had entered the lesion gap by 6 months, but none had traversed the entire gap. Under the conditions of our experiment, enzyme therapy did not significantly enhance axonal growth in catecholaminergic pathways of the transected spinal cord.
Detection of [Ol] 1S-1D in Comet IRAS-Araki-Alcock

Abstract Spectra of the [ OI ] 1 D- 3 P “red” doublet and the 1S-1D “green” line in Comet IRAS-Araki-Alcock (1983d) were obtained during its close approach to the Earth. This is the first unequivocal photoelectric detection of the green line in a cometary spectrum. The population ratio of the O (1S) state to the O (1D) state in the inner coma is ≦0.03. This ratio eliminates CO or CO2 and points strongly to H2O as the primary parent for excited oxygen atoms.
A new class of retinoids with selective inhibition of AP-1 inhibits proliferation

Retinoids regulate many biological processes, including differentiation, morphogenesis and cell proliferation. They are also important therapeutic agents, but their clinical usefulness is limited because of side effects. Retinoid activities are mediated by specific nuclear receptors, the RARs and RXRs, which can induce transcriptional activation through specific DNA sites or by inhibiting the transcription factor AP-1 (refs 12-15), which usually mediates cell proliferation signals. Because the two types of receptor actions are mechanistically distinct, we investigated whether conformationally restricted retinoids, selective for each type of receptor action, could be identified. Here we describe a new class of retinoids that selectively inhibits AP-1 activity but does not activate transcription. These retinoids do not induce differentiation in F9 cells but inhibit effectively the proliferation of several tumour cell lines, and could thus serve as candidates for new retinoid therapeutic agents with reduced side effects.
Binding of carboxylates to gold nanoparticles: A theoretical study of the adsorption of formate on Au20

Abstract Using density functional theory, Au 20 –formate complexes are investigated as a model of carboxylate–gold nanoparticle binding. Formate preferentially interacts with low-coordinated apex gold atoms. In the gas phase, only two anions bind to the Au 20 core; incremental binding energies decrease sharply as the number of complexed carboxylates increases. As additional carboxylates bind, electron density builds up on uncomplexed apex atoms. In implicit water solvent, the incremental binding energies for the first four carboxylates are essentially constant (68–77 kJ/mol at the BP86/TZP level of theory); the fifth and sixth carboxylates are non-bonding.
Data Readiness Level For Unstructured Data With A Focus On Unindexed Text Data

As we entered into the so called big data era, the amount of data organizations are dealing with are greater than ever before. When time or computational resources is a constraint, dealing with large amount of data can be painful for many organizations. In this paper, we proposed a new concept called Data Readiness Level(DRL). It will measures the readiness of a file very quickly. We define readiness as ready for immediate analytical purposes. DRL is pair-wised measure, one is PKSS value, another is PVI value. One can see PKSS as the degree of similarity to the objective. PVI exhibits how much valuable information the file has. In the real word, not every data contains valuable information. Even if it is, it is not guaranteed that it will be relevant the objective. For example, an atmospheric data from NOAA often times contain many valuable information. However, if our objective is to search psychology literatures, then the atmospheric data is not what we really want. With the aid of DRL, users can simply analyze those data with higher DRL values when time is a constraint. We collected 40,000 PDF files by hand from IEEE Xplore digital library. Overall, the experimental result was quite remarkable.
The partition polynomial of a finite set system

Abstract We introduce the partition polynomial of a finite set system, which generalizes the matching polynomial of a graph, and elucidate some of its properties. Among these are its connections with the matching polynomial and with a generalized chromatic polynomial and various structural conditions which imply that the partition polynomial has only real roots. The properties of the partition polynomial with respect to composition of set systems also prove interesting; the main result is an extension of the Heilmann-Lieb Theorem to this context.
Cochlear implantation in patients with compromised healing

Abstract Background: The indications for cochlear implantation (CI) are continually evolving and, as experience accumulates, the relative contraindications for CI continue to decrease. However, there is little information regarding CI in patients who may be considered to be at risk for poor wound healing due to immunosuppression or intercurrent disease. Objective: To assess and report the complication rates, postoperative course, postimplant rehabilitation, and long-term performance of patients considered at risk due to presumably impaired healing capability. We hypothesized that these patients had outcomes similar to other implanted patients. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of 277 patients who have received CI at the University of Miami Ear Institute between 1990 and 1999. The clinical courses of 6 patients on immunosuppressive medications and 7 patients with diseases believed to be associated with poor healing are reported. Results: Long-term follow-up (mean, 33 months) showed postoperative complication rates, performance, and rehabilitation compliance that were similar to published reports of noncompromised patients. Conclusion: CI of selected patients with potentially reduced healing capabilities is safe and effective. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;123:738-41.)
CpG methylation as a tool to characterize cell-free Epstein-Barr virus DNA

Background In order to differentiate Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) virion DNA versus viral DNA released from tumor cells, we have taken advantage of the observation that viral episomal genomes of herpesviruses are methylated in latently infected cells whereas un-methylated genomes are synthesized and packaged into virions during the lytic phase. We used paramagnetic beads linked to methylCpG binding protein to separate virion and cell-derived viral DNA. DNA isolated from EBV (Figure 1A) virions failed to bind to the methylCpG binding protein and were detected only in the non-captured (NC) fractions, while DNA isolated from latently infected cell lines were detected predominantly in the bound fractions ( E2000, high salt elute). Unmethylated EBV DNA, presumably virion DNA, was detected in the plasma of 3 AIDS patients without lymphoma, while methylated DNA was detected in the blood of 3 patients with EBV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) (without HIV infection) (Figure 1B). Conclusions Tumor derived viral DNA can be distinguished from virion associated viral DNA based on preferential binding to methylCpG binding protein. Tumor derived viral DNA was predominantly present in the blood from patients with Hodgkin-Lymphoma, but not in patients
Using New Insulin Strategies in the Outpatient Treatment of Diabetes Clinical Applications

Understanding when to use insulin and how to apply the principles of physiologic insulin replacement using existing and new insulins is a key step to improving diabetes care. Insulin analogues and premixed insulins increase physicians' and patients' ability to lower hemoglobin A1C levels with fewer episodes of hypoglycemia. Earlier use of insulin and more aggressive dose escalation are important steps in achieving treatment goals. This article discusses using bedtime insulin with oral agents, basal-prandial insulin strategies, and the new insulin analogues.
Teaching NeuroImages: Ganglion cyst causing pure sensory ulnar neuropathy at the wrist

A 32-year-old woman presented with left wrist pain and tender mass at the wrist for 1 month. She described left 4th and 5th digit tingling which worsened with palpation of the mass. Sensory nerve action potential of the digital sensory branch of the left ulnar nerve was of low amplitude and
Motivational Style: An Important Consideration in Programs for EMR-Labeled Children.

Abstract Educators have concluded that the nature of the special learning needs of EMR children are cognitive in nature. In keeping, the activities recommended for the special class have reflected this conclusion, an assumption questioned herein. Rather, it is posited that low IQ, low SES, minority status children have learning problems arising out of emotional and/or motivational differences rather than cognitive differences. The argument presented concludes that unless needs for attention are satiated, the failure set reversed, and dysfunctional problem-solving approaches altered the probability of academic success is low regardless of the administrative arrangement in which that child's education is provided.
Reactive ion etching of trenches in 6H-SiC

In this paper, we report the reactive ion etching (RIE) of trenches in 6H-silicon carbide using SF6/O2. The plasma parameters: etchant composition, gas flow rate, chamber pressure, and radio frequency power were optimized to obtain a maximum etch rate of 360A/min. The etch rate of SiC was found to exhibit a direct correlation with the dc self bias except when the O2 percentage was varied. Trenches were fabricated using the optimized conditions. It was found that the trench surface was extremely rough due to the aluminum micromasking effect. To overcome this effect, a TeflonTM sheet was used to cover the cathode during the experiment. The trenches fabricated using this modification were found to have smooth etched surfaces and sidewalls. The angle of anisotropy of these trenches was approximately 80° which is suitable for device applications.
Implicit Biases in Blame Allocation of Accidents across Organizational Components (Worker, Supervisor and Organization):

The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between implicit biases and blame allocation of accidents across organizational components (workers, supervisors, and organization). The ‘European American-African American’ and created ‘Latino-African American’ Implicit Association Tests (IAT) were used to measure the participants' implicit biases. The Accident Blame Allocation instrument was used to measure the participants' blame allocations, which included accident scenarios with pictures of male and female faces of European Americans, African Americans and Latinos. A total of 102 students, aged from 18 to 23, participated in the study. Results of the two IATs showed that the participants did not have obvious preference tendencies toward any ethnicity, and the ‘European American-African American’ and ‘Latino-African American’ IATs have a positive correlation with score of 0.48 (p < 0.0001). Results of this study showed that implicit bias did not significantly correlate with accident blame allo...
One-step synthesis and characterization of poly(o-toluidine) nanofiber/metal nanoparticle composite networks as non-enzymatic glucose sensors

Abstract Composite networks of poly(o-toluidine) (POT) nanofibers (NFs) and gold (Au)/copper (Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) were facilely synthesized through a one-step seeding polymerization reaction and a redox/complexation process that took place between monomers and corresponding metal salt cations in aqueous medium at ambient temperature. In order to ensure the polymeric NF morphology formation and to enhance the overall oxidative potential of the different reaction media, vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) sol–gel NFs were played critical roles both as well-known seeding agents and also as the auxiliary oxidative agent. The homogenous embedment/distribution of Au and Cu NPs within 1D POT NF matrix enhanced the electron transfer process and prevented the possible catalyst NPs deformation. Furthermore, without the need of glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme, POT-Au/Cu nanocomposites exhibited excellent bio sensitivity for glucose within a wide linear operation range of 1–30 mM ( R = 0.99846). Multiple electrochemical cycling stability, high tolerance for chloride (Cl − ) ions and high selectivity for glucose were also achieved by the these nanocomposites, since their electrodes showed negligible response to the common interfering reagents, i.e. uric acid (UA), l -ascorbic acid (AA) and 4-acetamidophenol (AP), at their physiological levels. Thus, this facile and effective seeding polymerization approach via one-step redox/complexation process can be utilized as a general methodology and effective fabrication tool to synthesize metal NP embedded nanofibrous conducting polymer (CP) networks as the building blocks for new generation non-enzymatic biosensors.
Nondestructive three-dimensional characterization of grain boundaries by X-ray crystal microscopy

The results from an emerging method of nondestructive grain boundary characterization, with unprecedented sensitivity to neighbor-grain misorientation and grain boundary morphology are reported. The method utilizes differential aperture X-ray microscopy to determine the local crystallographic orientation of submicron volumes within polycrystalline materials. Initial measurements are described for a recrystallized Ni sample where the grain boundary type was identified at 85 grain boundaries within the framework of an ideal coincident site lattice (CSL) model. The remarkable resolution of this method is demonstrated by the <0.03° deviations of misorientation measured for Σ3 (twin) boundaries. Because of its high angular and spatial resolution, this new approach to grain boundary characterization can provide quantitative tests of grain boundary models with new insights for grain boundary engineering efforts.
Optical properties of porous nano-composites of zinc (hydr)oxide with graphite oxide

The optical properties of zinc (hydr)oxide and the composites of zinc (hydr)oxide with 2% and 5% graphite oxide were investigated by three spectroscopic techniques: absorption, fluorescence and photocurrent techniques. The obtained energy gaps (from 2.85 eV to 2.95 eV) of the composites were smaller than that for zinc oxide (~3.2 eV) and zinc (hydr)oxide (~3.00 eV). The band gap narrowing of the composite materials is due to presence of defects, less confinement, and larger particles. The bonds between zinc (hydr)oxide lattice and the carbon of graphene phase also contribute to this phenomenon.
Real-time Visualization of Processive Myosin 5a-mediated Vesicle Movement in Living Astrocytes

Recycling endosomes in astrocytes show hormone-regulated, actin fiber-dependent delivery to the endosomal sorting pool. Recycling vesicle trafficking was followed in real time using a fusion protein composed of green florescent protein coupled to the 29-kDa subunit of the short-lived, membrane-bound enzyme type 2 deiodinase. Primary endosomes budded from the plasma membrane and oscillated near the cell periphery for 1–4 min. The addition of thyroid hormone triggered the processive, centripetal movement of the recycling vesicle in linear bursts at velocities of up to 200 nm/s. Vesicle migration was hormone-specific and blocked by inhibitors of actin polymerization and myosin ATPase. Domain mapping confirmed that the hormone-dependent vesicle-binding domain was located at the C terminus of the motor. In addition, the interruption of normal dimerization of native myosin 5a monomers inactivated vesicle transport, indicating that single-headed myosin 5a motors do not transport cargo in situ. This is the first demonstration of processive hormone-dependent myosin 5a movement in living cells.
Placental transfer and pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of [14C]p-nitrophenol in rats.

The pharmacokinetics and placental transfer of a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg (10 µCi/kg, 16% of acute oral LD50) of uniformly phenyl-labeled [14C]p-nitrophenol were investigated in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at 14–18 days of gestation. Three animals were killed on gestation day 18, at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, and 48 h after dosing. Radioactivity was rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the maternal and fetal tissues. The gastrointestinal tract contents retained 20% and 2% of the dose at 0.5 h and 4 h after dosing. The peak maternal plasma concentration of radioactivity (µg p-nitrophenol equivalent/ml) was 7.17 compared with 0.37 for fetal plasma at 0.5 h. Maximum concentration of radioactivity (µg p-nitrophenol equivalent/g fresh tissue) was detected in most tissues 0.5 h after dosing and was in descending order: kidney 23.27, liver 12.37, placenta 3.56, fetus 2.17, and brain 1.99. Radioactivity was eliminated from plasma and all tissues beiexponentially. The half-lives of elimination of 14C were 34.65 h and 69.30 h for maternal and fetal plasma, respectively. p-Nitrophenol, detected by HPLC, was the major compound identified in plasma and tissues. While p-nitrophenol disappeared biphasically from maternal plasma and kidney, it was eliminated monophasically from brain, placenta, and liver. p-Nitrocatechol and p-aminophenol were detected in the liver with peak concentrations at 0.5 h of 1.13 and 1.00 µg/g fresh tissue, respectively. While the change in the concentration of p-nitrocatechol with time was monophasic, that of p-aminophenol showed a biphasic pattern with elimination half-lives of 1.93 h and 4.95 h, respectively. Radioactivity was rapidly excreted in the urine mostly as polar metabolites, while only 3% of the dose was recovered in the feces. Radioactive materials excreted in the urine comprised: glucuronides 4%, sulfates 8%, hot-acid hydrolysates 11%, nonconjugated compounds 16%, and water-soluble metabolites 61%. This study demonstrated that although orally administered p-nitrophenol is a rapidly absorbed and excreted compound, it is transported to the maternal brain and the fetus and may pose a health risk following exposure to toxic doses during pregnancy.
Circumstances Surrounding Homicides by Older Offenders

This article reports the findings of an extensive study of nonjustifiable homicides committed by persons age 60 or older in three large American cities. The relationship between victim and assailant (spouse, relative, or acquaintance) and the circumstances surrounding the homicide event, including location, situation leading up to the assault, use of alcohol or drugs by either the victim or assailant immediately before the incident, and mode of assault or weapon used, are described. Analysis of the homicide-suicide phenomenon is also included. Of particular interest is the fact that all homicide-suicide incidents reported involved a suicide by a husband after murder of his wife.
Equation error approach for elliptic inverse problems with an application to the identification of Lamé parameters

The method of equation error can be posed and analyzed in an abstract setting that encompasses a variety of elliptic inverse problems, in which a coefficient in an elliptic partial differential equation is to be estimated from a measurement of the solution to a boundary value problem. Stability in the presence of measurement error is obtained by regularization, and since the abstract setting admits the use of total variation regularization, rapidly varying or even discontinuous coefficients can be estimated. The proposed method effectively identifies Lame' parameters in the system of linear isotropic elasticity.
Multivariable modeling of radiotherapy outcomes, including dose-volume and clinical factors

Purpose: The probability of a specific radiotherapy outcome is typically a complex, unknown function of dosimetric and clinical factors. Current models are usually oversimplified. We describe alternative methods for building multivariable dose–response models. Methods: Representative data sets of esophagitis and xerostomia are used. We use a logistic regression framework to approximate the treatment–response function. Bootstrap replications are performed to explore variable selection stability. To guard against under/overfitting, we compare several analytical and data-driven methods for model-order estimation. Spearman’s coefficient is used to evaluate performance robustness. Novel graphical displays of variable cross correlations and bootstrap selection are demonstrated. Results: Bootstrap variable selection techniques improve model building by reducing sample size effects and unveiling variable cross correlations. Inference by resampling and Bayesian approaches produced generally consistent guidance for model order estimation. The optimal esophagitis model consisted of 5 dosimetric/clinical variables. Although the xerostomia model could be improved by combining clinical and dose–volume factors, the improvement would be small. Conclusions: Prediction of treatment response can be improved by mixing clinical and dose–volume factors. Graphical tools can mitigate the inherent complexity of multivariable modeling. Bootstrap-based variable selection analysis increases the reliability of reported models. Statistical inference methods combined with Spearman’s coefficient provide an efficient approach to estimating optimal model order.
FCAPT uvby Photometry of the mCP Stars HR 1297, 25 Sex, BX Boo, and 49 Her

I obtained additional differential Stromgren uvby observations of four magnetic CP stars HR 1297, 25 Sex, BX Boo, and 49 Her with the Four College Automated Photoelectric Telescope (FCAPT). The seasonal light curves of 25 Sex do not show definite differences. The period of Manfroid & Renson of 4.37900 days is confirmed. The other three stars usually have light curves in phase or nearly so, but there are differences between observing seasons. As the local properties of the photosphere change very slowly with time for these stars that have radiative atmospheres and strong magnetic fields, we are viewing slightly different hemispheres at the same phase. To produce this result, their rotational axes precess about their magnetic axes. For HR 1297, which has moderate amplitudes of variation, the period of Adelman is refined to 15.7505 days. The additional observations of BX Boo do not change the best estimate of its period, 2.88756 days. Although its amplitudes of variation are less than those of HR 1297, there are similar differences between observing seasons. For 49 Her the period of 0.93663 days of Adelman et al. is verified. There are probably small season-to-season light curve differences. Of the mCP stars for which I have FCAPT Stromgren observations, at least 13% exhibit variability among their light curves for different years.
'Lucky to be so bilingual': Québécois and Chicano/a literatures in a comparative context

AbstractChicano/a and Quebecois literatures, both 'borderland' phenomena, share many signal features. This article advocates for increased comparative study of these two cultures, and outlines fundamental points for consideration. Perhaps most important is the common history shared by both Chicano/as and Quebecois, who lost majority status during the colonial era and became minority cultures, politically and culturally dominated by Anglophone populations. In both cases, resistance to this domination emphasized both religious and linguistic difference, valorizing the Catholic faith and 'non-standard' forms of French and Spanish, in the face of considerable prejudice and discrimination. These forms of resistance have had their own outcomes: Catholicism's often rigid definition of gender roles has inspired a contestatory literary tradition with significant participation from gay and lesbian writers. These writers, including Gloria Anzaldua and Susanne de Lotbiniere-Harwood, are among those whose hybrid work ...
Kernel reconstruction: An exact greedy algorithm for compressive sensing

Compressive sensing is the theory of sparse signal recovery from undersampled measurements or observations. Exact signal reconstruction is an NP hard problem. A convex approximation using the l 1 -norm has received a great deal of theoretical attention. Exact recovery using the l 1 approximation is only possible under strict conditions on the measurement matrix, which are difficult to check. Many greedy algorithms have thus been proposed. However, none of them is guaranteed to lead to the optimal (sparsest) solution. In this paper, we present a new greedy algorithm that provides an exact sparse solution of the problem. Unlike other greedy approaches, which are only approximations of the exact sparse solution, the proposed greedy approach, called Kernel Reconstruction, leads to the exact optimal solution in less operations than the original combinatorial problem. An application to the recovery of sparse gene regulatory networks is presented.