cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of tissue damage on virtual electrode polarization pattern

The virtual electrode polarization (VEP) effect is believed to play the key role in pacing and defibrillation. However, under certain conditions, including clinical, its existence and importance remain unknown. We investigated how tissue damage under the pacing electrode might affect the VEP on the basis of a 2D passive bidomain model with tissue damage represented as a local increase of intracellular conductivity (cell uncoupling) and/or electroporation. The model predictions were compared to experiments. 10 ms stimuli of increasing strength were applied to the ventricular surface of a rabbit heart; VEP patterns were recorded by a fluorescent mapping setup and tissue damage under the electrode was estimated from the micrographs of the pacing site. The bidomain simulations showed that local decrease in either transmembrane resistance or intracellular conductance lead to fainting and subsequent elimination of the characteristic "dog-bone" pattern of VEP. The experiments confirmed that tissue damage around the pacing electrode could obscure theoretically predicted VEP pattern. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that VEP pattern is strongly modulated by the tissue damage.
Selling Sanity Through Gender: The Psychodynamics of Psychotropic Advertising

This paper provides a brief visual history of the ways women patients, and specifically women patients whose marital status is identified in conjunction with their “illness,” have been constructed as abnormal in the images of advertisements designed to promote psychotropic medications to an audience of psychiatrists. The advertisements I discuss come from the two largest circulation American psychiatric journals, The American Journal of Psychiatry and Archives of General Psychiatry, between the years 1964 and 2001. I use the ads to focus on two concomitant narratives. On one hand, I show how the advertisements situate the rise of “wonder drugs” in the context of an era described as the “golden age of psychopharmacology,” during which time drug treatments helped revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety, depression, and other outpatient mental illnesses in the United States. On the other hand, the advertisements also illustrate the ways in which these new scientific treatments could not function free of the culture in which they were given meaning. In the space between drug and wonder drug, or between medication and metaphor, the images thus hint at the ways psychotropic treatments became imbricated with the same gendered assumptions at play in an American popular culture intimately concerned with connecting “normal” and “heteronormal” when it came to defining the role of women in “civilization.”
Multiplex Relative Risk and Estimation of the Number of Loci Underlying an Inherited Disease

Knowledge of the number of causative loci is necessary to estimate the power of mapping studies of complex diseases. In the present article, we reexamine a theory developed by Risch and its implications for estimating the number L of causative loci affecting a complex inherited disease. We first show that methods based on Risch’s analysis can produce estimates of L that are inconsistent with the observed population prevalence of the disease. We demonstrate this point by showing that the maximum-likelihood estimate for L produced by the method of Farrall and Holder for cleft lip/cleft palate data is not consistent with the prevalence under the multiplicative model. We show how to incorporate disease prevalence and develop a maximum-likelihood method for estimating L that uses the entire distribution of numbers of affected individuals in families containing an affected individual. This method avoids the potential inconsistencies of the Risch method and has greater precision. We apply our method to data on cleft lip/cleft palate and schizophrenia.
Radiochromic film dosimetry: Recommendations of AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group 55

Recommendations of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) for the radiochromic film dosimetry are presented. These guidelines were prepared by a task group of the AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee and have been reviewed and approved by the AAPM Science Council.
Using Cocreation to Engage Everyday Creativity in Reusing and Repairing Apparel

With textile waste growing, it is increasingly important to consider creative ways to reuse and repair clothing. The purpose of this study was to use co-creative methodology to explore what opportu...
Factors that Determine Growth Rates

The chronological appearance and function of the woody legumes in many of the C4 grassland communities is still not completely understood or accepted by all ecologists or rangeland scientists. Vachellia, particularly V. farnesiana and V. rigidula; S. berlandieri; and Prosopis glandulosa appear to be early successional species that establishes on low nutrient or low nitrogen soils (Van Auken et al. 1985) or in grassland communities that have had high levels of disturbances via extensive continuous domestic grazing and no or few fires or probably both (Archer et al. 1988; Van Auken 2009). Two factors or conditions that may be limiting and that are very important for the establishment and growth of these species or community are surface light levels and soil nitrogen levels. These are factors suggested by Tilman as potentially responsible for the sequence of species in the resource ratio theory of community development in succession (Tilman 1985).
Vehicle Sound Power Measurement Using the Acoustic Intensity Method

The use of the two microphone Acoustic Intensity Method of obtaining accurate measurement of over-all sound power of large wheel loaders is described. This system is in operation, within a factory environment, at the Caterpillar Aurora Plant. Its primary purpose is to assure that specified vehicle sound limits are being maintained. The system also provides diagnostic opportunities if units fail the validation test. The system will test various size vehicles in a minimum amount of area, in a timely manner and at moderate cost. Space allocated for the Acoustic Intensity test area can be used for other productive purposes when not being used for sound testing.
Effect of Supplementation Frequency on Diet Digestion and Nitrogen Metabolism of Growing Lambs Fed Low-Quality Forage1

Abstract Twenty-four white-faced wether lambs (average BW 32.3 ± 0.57 kg) were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 8) and individually fed a protein supplement every 24, 48, or 72 h to test the effects of supplementation frequency on diet digestibility and nitrogen metabolism. Supplements provided 1, 2, and 3x the daily maintenance protein requirements. Means were compared using ANOVA testing of a completely randomized design. Supplementation frequency did not affect DM intake (P=0.2827) or digestibility of DM (P=0.8223), OM (P=0.8982), ADF (P=0.8823), and NDF (P=0.6787). Supplementation frequency did not affect apparent diet ME (P=0.8859). Lambs consumed levels of ME near their MEm requirement and refused additional ME given as straw. Nitrogen metabolism was not affected by supplementation frequency (P>0.05). Lambs in all treatments maintained similar but positive nitrogen balance (P=0.3946). Rate and interval of protein supplementation over a relatively short period of time did not negatively affect diet digestibility or nitrogen balance by lambs fed a basal diet of straw.
Improving the accuracy of smart devices to measure noise exposure

Occupational noise exposure is one of the most frequent hazards present in the workplace; up to 22 million workers have potentially hazardous noise exposures in the U.S. As a result, noise-induced hearing loss is one of the most common occupational injuries in the U.S. Workers in manufacturing, construction, and the military are at the highest risk for hearing loss. Despite the large number of people exposed to high levels of noise at work, many occupations have not been adequately evaluated for noise exposure. The objective of this experiment was to investigate whether or not iOS smartphones and other smart devices (Apple iPhones and iPods) could be used as reliable instruments to measure noise exposures. For this experiment three different types of microphones were tested with a single model of iPod and three generations of iPhones: the internal microphones on the device, a low-end lapel microphone, and a high-end lapel microphone marketed as being compliant with the International Electrotechnical Commission's (IEC) standard for a Class 2-microphone. All possible combinations of microphones and noise measurement applications were tested in a controlled environment using several different levels of pink noise ranging from 60-100 dBA. Results were compared to simultaneous measurements made using a Type 1 sound level measurement system. Analysis of variance and Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) test were used to determine if the results differed by microphone or noise measurement application. Levels measured with external microphones combined with certain noise measurement applications did not differ significantly from levels measured with the Type 1 sound measurement system. Results showed that it may be possible to use iOS smartphones and smart devices, with specific combinations of measurement applications and calibrated external microphones, to collect reliable, occupational noise exposure data under certain conditions and within the limitations of the device. Further research is needed to determine how these devices compare to traditional noise dosimeter under real-world conditions.
Genitourinary malacoplakia in renal transplant recipients: pathogenic, prognostic and therapeutic considerations

AbstractThe management of genitourinary malacoplakia in renal transplant recipients has been unsatisfactory previously, as evidenced by an unacceptably high rate of graft loss and mortality. To optimize future management of this problem we studied 2 poorly recognized factors in the pathogenesis and prognosis of genitourinary malacoplakia in transplant recipients: 1) the probable role of azathioprine as the specific immunosuppressive agent responsible for the pathogenesis of malacoplakia, and 2) the importance of the localization of the disease and its impact on the ultimate prognosis. A new therapeutic regimen is suggested, which includes long-term antibiotics combined with an immediate modification of azathioprine therapy and early graft nephrectomy in selected cases with renal parenchymal involvement.
‘An Undying Underground Stream’: Hardy and John Cowper Powys

In the case of John Cowper Powys (1872–1963), novelist, as well as philosopher, poet and lecturer-extraordinaire, the decisive influence of Hardy is never in question; for Powys never tired of describing it — in poems, essays and letters, but most particularly in his novels, which appeared between 1915 and 1936. But how Hardy’s influence manifests itself, especially in the five novels of 1925–36 set in Dorest and Somerset, is a complicated question, in part because Powys himself was so determined to provide an answer. The novels of Scott, Dostoevsky and Dickens, as well as the poems of Wordsworth, were by Powys’s own admission as important as the Wessex Novels as purely literary influences. But then Hardy was much more than a purely literary influence on Powys; for, as Powys suggests in his Autobiography (1934), as well as in many other references to Hardy between 1915 and 1936, Hardy was a poetic father and mentor in an immediate and conscious sense. This can be said because in the Autobiography, as shall be seen, Powys makes repeated associations between his Dorset-born and Dorset-bred biological father, the Reverend Charles Francis Powys, from whom he was estranged for much of his life, and the Dorset-born and-bred Thomas Hardy, whom he knew personally and on whom he in large part consciously modelled himself as a novelist.
The pathology of human Lassa fever

Pathological findings have been described in only a small number of cases of Lassa fever since the virus was first isolated in 1969. Morphologically, eosinophilic necrosis of hepatocytes was the most frequent finding and focal necroses, often extensive, were present in most cases. These findings are similar to the lesions previously described in Argentinian and Bolivian haemorrhagic fever. Focal interstitial pneumonitis, focal tubular necrosis in the kidney, lymphocytic infiltration of the splenic veins, and partial replacement of the splenic follicles by amorphous eosinophilic material have been described, but the significance of these findings is unclear. More detailed and sophisticated investigations are required in the future if pathogenetic mechanisms are to be unravelled.
Imagination and Fantasy

This article reviews the development of imagination and fantasy in early childhood. Imagination and fantasy are first observed in the pretend play of toddlers. At first, children’s pretend play is initiated by parents and siblings, but by age 3 years, children often generate their own play themes and participate in sophisticated role play with others. Preschool-aged children engage in both realistic role play and fantastical pretend play, develop beliefs in fantastical beings such as Santa Claus, and sometimes create imaginary companions. These imaginary worlds allow children to mentally rehearse social scenarios, which aids in developing an understanding of the world around them. Throughout the preschool years, children develop an increasingly rich understanding of the distinction between reality and fantasy.
Assessing Telemedicine Utilization by Using Medicaid Claims Data

Objective:This study characterized telemedicine utilization among Medicaid enrollees by patients’ demographic characteristics, geographic location, enrollment type, eligibility category, and clinical conditions.Methods:This study used 2008–2009 Medicaid claims data from 28 states and the District of Columbia to characterize telemedicine claims (indicated by GT for professional fee claims or Q3014 for facility fees) on the basis of patients’ demographic characteristics, geographic location, enrollment type, eligibility category, and clinical condition as indicated by ICD-9 codes. States lacking Medicaid telemedicine reimbursement policies were excluded. Chi-square tests were used to compare telemedicine utilization rates and one-way analysis of variance was used to estimate mean differences in number of telemedicine encounters among subgroups.Results:A total of 45,233,602 Medicaid enrollees from the 22 states with telemedicine reimbursement policies were included in the study, and .1% were telemedicine use...
Why aren't physicians prescribing more buprenorphine?

Abstract Background & objective Buprenorphine is an underutilized pharmacotherapy that can play a key role in combating the opioid epidemic. Individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) often struggle to find physicians that prescribe buprenorphine. Many physicians do not have the waiver to prescribe buprenorphine, and a large proportion of physicians that are waivered do not prescribe to capacity. This study aimed to quantitatively understand why physicians do not utilize buprenorphine for the treatment of OUD more frequently. Methods Physicians ( n =558) with and without the waiver to prescribe buprenorphine were surveyed about perceived drawbacks associated with prescribing buprenorphine. Furthermore, resources were identified that would encourage those without the waiver to obtain it, and those with the waiver to accept more new patients. The survey was distributed online to physicians in the spring/summer of 2016 via the American Society for Addiction Medicine and American Medical Association listservs. Results and conclusions A logistic regression analysis was used to identify reasons that respondents indicated no willingness to increase prescribing ( χ 2 (4)=73.18, p p =0.008), lack of time for additional patients (OR 5.54, 95% CI, 3.5 to 8.7, p p =0.006). Differences between non-waivered and waivered physicians concerning attitudes toward buprenorphine treatment as well as resources that would increase willingness to prescribe are also discussed. Identifying barriers to buprenorphine utilization is crucial in expanding treatment options for individuals with OUD.
PROSPECTS FOR NONBIOLOGICAL STORAGE OF SOLAR ENERGY

Schemes for the storage of solar energy by nonbiological processes are divided into three classes: (1) direct thermal conversion, (2) conversion to electrical power by photovoltaic devices, and (3) storage by production of high energy chemical intermediates. The use of high energy intermediates may be contemplated either as a means of producing electric power directly or for the storage of energy in chemical form for substantial periods of time. This latter use is discussed in detail with emphasis on photoisomerization and the photolysis of water and hydrogen bromide.
Review: Archaeology of the Digital: Complexity and Convention

Archaeology of the Digital: Complexity and Convention Canadian Centre for Architecture, Montreal 10 May–16 October 2016 Archaeology of the Digital: Complexity and Convention was the third and final in a series of exhibitions curated by Greg Lynn, an architect based in Los Angeles, at the Canadian Centre for Architecture. The first was a blockbuster display of four projects by Lynn's mentors and heroes; the second was a more eclectic set of six projects by Lynn's buddies.1 The third exhibition resembled the second in that it presented a diverse set of projects—fifteen, spanning twenty years—by architects roughly Lynn's age.2 A perceptive curatorial move, however, shifted the third show into a different register. Rather than clustering materials by project, the exhibition spread a jumble from all fifteen projects—drawings, models, animations, renderings, and everything in between—throughout the gallery space, with little discernible order (Figure 1). Labels with architects’ names were there if one looked for them, but they were unobtrusive enough that, looking up from the labels and across the room, a visitor might have mistaken the work as the output of a single firm. Such evenness prevailed not only at the scale of the room but also over the six rooms of the exhibition as a whole. The overall effect was to immerse the visitor within the nerdy world of recent architectural production. Figure 1 Installation view of Archaeology of the Digital: Complexity and …
423 HIV-INFECTED MALES AND THE RISK OF DEVELOPING PROSTATE CANCER.

Background Leptin is an up-regulator of cytokine-induced inflammatory responses. Several actions of leptin, including the stimulation of normal and tumor growth, migration and invasion, and enhancement of angiogenesis, suggest that this hormone can promote an aggressive cancer phenotype. This effect may involve activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB. Our recent findings with leptin in prostate cancer (The Cancer Journal, May/June, 2006) revealed a strong association of high serum leptin, short leptin receptor, and long leptin gene microsatellite alleles with high body mass index (BMI). We propose that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with low leptin levels in serum will be at low risk of prostate cancer. Methods DNA from 48 HIV-infected patients over the age of 50 and receiving hihgly active antiretroviral therapy and 68 non-HIV-infected patients with prostate cancer were subjected to polymerase chain reaction analysis. Serum leptin levels, BMI, leptin gene, and leptin receptor gene polymorphisms were studied in all HIV-infected males and prostate cancer patients. Genotyping was done on an ABI genetic analyzer (3100AVANT), and data were analyzed using SPSS 10.1 software. Results Comparative analyses of serum leptin levels, BMI, and genotype frequencies of the leptin receptor (LEPR) and leptin gene (OBD7S1875) are summarized in Table 1. Only 1 (68 year old) of 48 HIV-infected males over the age of 50 in our patient population has been diagnosed with prostate cancer and prostate-specific antigen values in the remainder as well within the normal range. The HIV patient with prostate cancer shows heterozygous genotypes for both the leptin gene and receptor polymorphisms found in patients with prostate cancer. Conclusions These current data reveal low BMI, low serum leptin levels, long receptor alleles, and short gene alleles of leptin in HIV-infected males and correlates with a possible lower prevalence of prostate cancer in these patients. Leptin modulation and association with specific genotypes may relate to the progression of prostate cancer.
Role of CD81 and CD58 in minimal residual disease detection in pediatric B lymphoblastic leukemia.

Introduction Minimal residual disease (MRD) in B lymphoblastic leukemia has been demonstrated to be a powerful predictor of clinical outcome in numerous studies in both children and adults. In this study, we evaluated 86 pediatric patients with both diagnostic and remission flow cytometry studies and compared expression of CD81, CD58, CD19, CD34, CD20, and CD38 in the detection of MRD. Methods We evaluated 86 patients with B lymphoblastic leukemia who had both diagnostic studies and remission studies for the presence of MRD using multicolor flow cytometry. We established our detection limit for identifying abnormal lymphoblasts using serial dilutions. We also compared flow cytometry findings with molecular MRD detection in a subset of patients. Results We found that we can resolve differences between hematogones and lymphoblasts in 85 of 86 cases using a combination of CD45, CD19, CD34, CD10, CD20, CD38, CD58, and CD81. Our detection limit using flow cytometry is 0.002% for detecting a population of abnormal B lymphoblasts. Comparison with MRD assessment by molecular methods showed a high concordance rate with flow cytometry findings. Conclusions Our study highlights importance of using multiple markers to detect MRD in B lymphoblastic leukemia. Our findings indicate that including both CD58 and CD81 markers in addition to CD19, CD34, CD20, CD38, and CD10 are helpful in MRD detection by flow cytometry.
Camera field-of-view and fish abundance estimation: A comparison of individual-based model output and empirical data

Abstract Camera technology is evolving rapidly as computing and sensor technology reduces in size and increases in processing speed. This convergence of high speed computing and optics has resulted in the creation of full-spherical cameras and their application in marine environments has begun. Thus, there is a need to understand how large increases in camera field-of-view (FOV) impacts data collection and statistical inference, particularly when dealing with long-term time-series data. Data collected in this survey consisted of a single year of sampling and were insufficient to describe relationships for single species, therefore we species were grouped based on lineage and behavior into snappers, jacks, and mixed-reef groups. The empirical and theoretical models presented here demonstrate an asymptotic relationship between single-camera MaxN and four-camera MaxN counts for snappers and to a lesser extent the mixed reef groups composed primarily of groupers. In contrast the jack group showed a linear relationship between counts. This result suggests that accuracy of the counts can be improved by increasing camera field-of-view to 360° or full-spherical. Habitat complexity was demonstrated to be positively related to fish counts but had no effect on the relationship between camera FOV and fish counts. This could be the result of several things, 1) fish behavior is more critical in driving aggregative behaviors that modify the relationship between FOV and fish counts, 2) abundances observed in this region are not high enough for habitat effects to have impacted the relationship, or 3) a mixture of these effects. Further exploration of these relationships is needed that would improve sample sizes, more observations at high counts, and that establish species specific relationships. This work provides empirical footing to further develop the relationship between MaxN-type estimators relative to camera FOV and additionally includes insight into the effects of habitat. Critically, this work provides a method to relate counts produced from 360° systems to those produced with restricted FOV.
Preservice teachers’ experiences teaching an adult community music ensemble:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of four preservice music teachers as leaders of adult chamber ensembles. Through examination of these teachers’ reflections, we sought t...
Large-Scale Atomistic Simulations of Fracture

This paper discusses the use of realistic, microscopic, molecular dynamics simulations of crack initiation and propagation in metallic systems. Some of the outstanding problems are outlined and the atomistic approach is compared and contrasted to continuum elasticity theory. Representative snapshots of some of the latest work on two-and three-dimensional systems are displayed and discussed. Attention is also given to the problems posed by alloys and grain boundaries. Finally, a critique of the current state-of-the-art is given and some speculations are offered about future trends.
What Motivates Morphological Copying?: A Review article of Martine Vanhove, Thomas Stolz, Aina Urdze, and Hitomi Otsuka (eds.). 2012: ‘Morphologies in Contact’

Based on the papers included in the reviewed volume, this article puts forward a number of questions that are important for the theory of language change under contact. While there exist reliable methodologies to determine whether a given form represents the effect of language contact or not, and a slightly less reliable methodologies to establish whether a given function is a product of language contact, there is a relative paucity of studies discussing the motivation for language change under contact with respect to the functions encoded in the language.
Commentary: Integrating non-targeted and targeted chemical screening in Great Lakes fish monitoring programs

Abstract The Great Lakes are a vital resource for drinking water and recreation and provide a major fishery for millions of people. As part of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, the US and Canadian governments have been charged with the protection of this system. Persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBTs) contaminants were found to be affecting the lake water quality as early as the late 1960s, and various programs sponsored by the US and Canada have been created to monitor PBTs such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). These programs have refined measurement techniques to quantify trace level contaminants using a targeted analytical approach. However, new PBTs are being detected in the environment, and the traditional targeted methodology is inadequate for understanding the complex chemical mixture affecting Great Lakes wildlife. Fortunately, new analytical technologies are emerging that allow for comprehensive screening of PBTs beyond targeted methods. The current commentary presents an outline of a new framework for contemporary monitoring programs. The goal is to facilitate the compilation of legacy, emerging PBT, and archive PBT signatures by utilizing the basic practices of traditional targeted analysis. This example focuses on fish monitoring programs, and how they are ideally suited for legacy monitoring as well as data-driven discovery of new chemicals of concern.
Post-operative Bleeding Increases the Rate of Right Ventricular Failure and In-Hospital Mortality after LVAD Implantation

Purpose Surgical bleeding in the immediate post-operative period presents a frequent challenge in the management of LVAD recipients. We hypothesized that implementing an aggressive approach to surgical hemostasis would reduce the rate of early mortality. Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective review of 78 patients who underwent LVAD implantation between 9/13/11 and 8/24/17. Logistic regressions were utilized to estimate the odds ratio for RVAD requirement and in-hospital mortality based on risk factors of six-hour chest tube output and return to operating room for bleeding. Chest tube output of greater than 600 cc in the first six hours was considered to be significant. Results When comparing chest tube outputs in the first six hours, there were no significant differences in age, gender, heart failure etiology, or device type in patients with >600 cc and those with lower outputs. Greater than 600 cc chest tube output in the first six hours was an independent predictor for RVAD requirement (15.2% vs. 2.3%, p=0.04) and in-hospital mortality (24.2% vs. 4.7%, p=0.012) than those with lower outputs. Patients who returned to the operating room for bleeding complications experienced a similar in-hospital mortality rate (17.6% vs. 9.3%, p=0.28) but had a higher RVAD requirement (14.7% vs. 2.3%, p=0.04). Multivariate analysis showed a statistical significance for in-patient mortality in patients with chest tube output >600 cc in the first 6 hours (p = 0.013). There was a close correlation between the amount of chest tube output during the first six hours and the risk of in-hospital mortality ( Figure 2 ). Conclusion Minimizing the degree of post-operative bleeding after LVAD surgery may result in a reduced rate of right ventricular failure and in-hospital mortality. These findings suggest that efforts should be undertaken to identify surgical strategies for achieving improved hemostasis at the time of implantation.
It’s Only a Game, Let’s Leave Politics Out of It: Mega-Sporting Events, Broadcasting Rights, and Network News Bias

The question guiding our project is whether corporations’ broadcasting rights to mega-sporting events influenced the degree of critical coverage of the events reported by their respective networks’ news divisions. The question is answered through a content analysis of NBC, ABC, and CBS evening news coverage of the men’s 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics, both held in Brazil, examining the quantity and content of reports highlighting the controversial features of these two major events. The data suggest that broadcasting rights may influence the quantity and quality of critical coverage; however, this relationship does not apply uniformly across networks. The findings have important implications for the capacity of comprehensive and critical coverage provided by some network news divisions while not undermining the financial interests of their corporate owners.
When theory met data: Factor structure of the BRIEF2 in a clinical sample

Objective: The BRIEF2 is the recent revision of a frequently employed measure of executive behaviors; however, no research has yet addressed the validity of the new measure’s theoretical design.Met...
Glioblastoma with brainstem leptomeningeal pseudoprogression following radiation therapy

In brain tumor patients, worsening of imaging findings in the first 6 months after surgical debulking and chemoradiation can occur in the absence of tumor growth, a phenomenon known as pseudoprogression. Awareness of pseudoprogression is important as it can lead to unnecessary additional changes in patient management. In this case, a patient with bilateral frontal glioblastoma presented with new post-treatment brainstem leptomeningeal enhancement which was distant from the original tumor site, concerning for disease progression. However, the patient was asymptomatic and correlation of leptomeningeal enhancement locations with radiation therapy dose maps revealed high doses at the affected site, supporting a diagnosis of treatment effect which was confirmed by resolution on follow-up imaging after treatment with steroids. Parenchymal pseudoprogression in brain tumor patients is well-documented, but worsening leptomeningeal enhancement following therapy may also represent treatment effects. If spatially remote leptomeningeal enhancement occurs, correlation with radiation dose maps may be useful in suggesting a diagnosis of treatment effect over tumor progression.
The Politics of Culture

Using Van Dijk’s sociocognitive theory as a framework for discourse analysis, the state-mandated standards were examined to determine how the educational culture is impacted by the social studies curriculum. The process to revise the curriculum in Texas is highly politicized and outside interest groups, such as Mel and Norma Gabler’s Educational Research Analysts, have inserted their own cultural perspective over the last 50 years. The article considers the impact of this influence and discusses the norms and power structures produced. Keywords: discourse analysis, social studies, Texas, culture
Survey of Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection Status in Host Animals and Populations in Shenzhen, 2016-2017.

Abstract The study was to understand Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection status in host animals and populations in Shenzhen. In 2016–2017, 10 different ecological environments were selected, and ...
Using RAD Data to Confirm Parentage of Polyploids in a Reticulate Complex of Ferns

Reticulate evolution, in which phylogenetic relationships are not strictly bifurcating (tree-like), is a common feature of fern evolution. Ferns are prone to hybridization and whole genome duplication, two processes that can make untangling phylogenetic relationships among species challenging. Next-generation sequencing technologies have greatly increased the amount of data available for analyzing various aspects of evolutionary history, and here we test the ability of one next-generation sequencing approach to identify the progenitors of allopolyploids. We produced and analyzed double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA (ddRAD) sequences from six species of North American Dryopteris, including two allopolyploids and their respective diploid parents. The relationships of these species have been confidently established in previous studies, and our goal was to determine the extent to which RAD data are capable of identifying these known relationships. Analyses of the genetic structure in our samples reliably separated the diploids from one other, but in general each polyploid sample resembled one or the other of its progenitors, or had genetic variation unassignable to either parent. None of the polyploid samples had unambiguous genetic contributions from both known parents, as we had expected. These results may have been influenced by small overall sample size, different numbers of samples from the two diploid parents in each pair, and the large divergence times between the diploids. These are all potentially important issues to consider when designing similar studies, and our results therefore have useful implications for researchers interested in using a RAD approach to study polyploid complexes.
Mechanism of carbon particle-induced latent leakage between metal lines

Abstract Leakage between metal lines is a common and frequently-encountered problem for microelectronic devices which can usually be detected electrically at probe or final test. However, a latent issue of leakage between metal lines escapes such test screening and causes failure at reliability test or even in customer application. Such an issue was discovered at reliability test. An amorphous carbon particle between adjacent metal lines was found. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) analysis revealed a significant fraction of sp2 bonding in the particle. The particle received thermal energy from wafer processing and the reliability test, which caused pyrolysis of the particle, and in turn densification, carbon enrichment, and likely graphitization of the particle catalyzed by the metals. The resultant conductivity increase led to the latent leakage between the metal lines. Preventive measures to counter the issue are stated.
Cortical Spreading Depression in the Setting of Traumatic Brain Injury

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a pathophysiologic phenomenon that describes an expanding wave of depolarization within the cortical gray matter. Originally described over 70 years ago, this spreading depression disrupts neuronal and glial ionic equilibrium, leading to increased energy demands that can cause a metabolic crisis. This results in secondary insult, further perpetuating brain injury and neuronal death. Initially not thought to be of clinical significance, the view of CSD was modified with the advent of intracranial electroencephalography, or electrocorticography. With these improved monitoring techniques, CSD has been identified as a major mechanism by which traumatic brain injury (TBI) imparts its negative sequalae. TBI is a heterogenous disease process that runs the gamut of clinical presentations. This includes concussion, epidural and subdural hematoma, diffuse axonal injury, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Nonetheless, CSD appears to be frequently occurring among the various types of TBI, thus allowing for the potential development of targeted therapies in an otherwise ill-fated patient cohort. Although a complete understanding of the interplay between CSD and TBI has not yet been achieved, the authors recount the efforts that have been employed over the last several decades in an effort to bridge this gap. In addition, our current understanding of the role neuroimmune cells play in CSD is discussed in the context of TBI. Finally, current therapeutic strategies using CSD as a pharmacologic target are explored with respect to their clinical use in patients with TBI.
A Field Operational Test of Adaptive Cruise Control System Operability in Naturalistic Use

This paper describes the results from a field operational test which tested for differences in the longitudinal control of headway between manual driving and driving with an adaptive cruise control (ACC) system. It was found that the ACC mode of driver assistance contributed to longer following distances and improved driver comfort and convenience. Recommendations for improving the ACC function are also presented.
The Impact of High-Pressure Processing on the Structure and Sensory Properties of Egg White-Whey Protein Mixture at Acidic Conditions

This study aims to unveil the impact of high-pressure processing (HPP) on the structure and sensory properties of the mixture of egg white and whey protein at acidified conditions. Under HPP treatment, we hypothesized that egg white protein can form gel structures and encapsulate or crosslink with the whey protein, thus masking the interaction sites of whey protein with salivary protein and reduce its astringency at pH 3.5. Various characterization techniques, including turbidity measurements, zeta size, optical and scanning microscopy, native and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, were used to illustrate the structural changes of the proteins and the interactions between the egg white and whey proteins. The results show that HPP treatment at 450 MPa and 600 MPa can induce significant changes to the egg white-whey protein mixture in terms of size, microstructure, secondary structure, and crosslinking. We also confirmed by electrophoresis that the egg white and whey protein form complexes through covalent bonding that feature a molecular weight of ~ 90 kDa under HPP treatment at a pH value of 3.5. Although the egg white forms microgel and may partially encapsulate the whey protein, sensory studies showed such complexation does not reduce the astringency of whey protein at acidified conditions (control astringency score = 9.0). On the contrary, the HPP-treated samples showed a higher astringency (astringency score = 11.1–11.3), possibly due to the exposure of more hydrophobic sites on the proteins.
Boeing 737 MAX: Expectation of Human Capability in Highly Automated Systems

The tragedy of Lion Air Flight 610 and Ethiopian airlines flight 302 offer important insights into the dangers of advancing automation without a complete understanding of the context in which the system will be used. This paper recounts the story of Lion Air flight 610, and provides a brief analysis of the organizational, market, and cultural factors that resulted in the crash. The analysis highlights how a series of failures in each of the factors can compound to result in catastrophic consequences. The lessons learned are applied to the nuclear industry to describe how similar failures could manifest in the nuclear industry if designers, regulators, and operators don’t carefully consider similar factors.
Integrating Intervention Approaches: Development and Initial Testing of an Early Childhood Education Intervention:

Early care and education program interventions often focus on providing training, sometimes combined with coaching, to classroom educators. However, such interventions are uneven in their effective...
Gold Nanoparticles Mediated Drug-Gene Combinational Therapy for Breast Cancer Treatment.

Background Cancer is a complex heterogeneous disease to which singular modes of treatment mostly fail to produce a desired therapeutic efficacy. Targeting different cellular pathways using combinational therapies has been gaining popularity in cancer treatment, with the added benefit of reducing dosage and side effects. Methods A gold nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery nanoplatform was developed for co-delivery of doxorubicin and polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) siRNA. Gold nanoparticles were coated with polyethyleneimine to facilitate assembly of PLK1 on the surface. Doxorubicin was loaded on nanoparticles through a pH-sensitive linker with a thiol group at one terminal end for controlled release. Results The therapeutic efficiency of this co-delivery system was evaluated in 2D and 3D cultured systems. The reduced IC50 value clearly demonstrated the synergistic effect of combined drug and gene delivery over their individual delivery in a cancer treatment model. Conclusion This study may provide an adaptable, facile platform to investigate drug-siRNA combinations for cancer inhibition.
The nonequilibrium quantum many-body problem as a paradigm for extreme data science

Generating big data pervades much of physics. But some problems, which we call extreme data problems, are too large to be treated within big data science. The nonequilibrium quantum many-body problem on a lattice is just such a problem, where the Hilbert space grows exponentially with system size and rapidly becomes too large to fit on any computer (and can be effectively thought of as an infinite-sized data set). Nevertheless, much progress has been made with computational methods on this problem, which serve as a paradigm for how one can approach and attack extreme data problems. In addition, viewing these physics problems from a computer-science perspective leads to new approaches that can be tried to solve more accurately and for longer times. We review a number of these different ideas here.
A comprehensive examination of factors impacting collegiate athletes' utilization of psychological assessment and intervention services

Although collegiate athletes underutilize mental health programming, investigators have rarely examined factors that may influence their participation in such programs. The current study examined how structured interviews and demographic factors influence collegiate athletes to use psychological programming. Two-hundred and eighty-nine collegiate athletes were referred to the study. They were screened for mental health and randomly assigned to one of two semi-structured interviews based on experimental phase. Participants in Phase I received standard engagement (SE; N = 35) or SE+discussion of mental health (DMH; N = 44). Phase II participants received SE+DMH (N = 82) or SE+DMH + discussion of personal ambitions (DPA; N = 66). Phase III participants received SE+DMH+discussion about their culture of choice (DCC) (N = 25) or SE+DMH+discussion of sport culture (DSC) (N = 37). After receiving the respective interview participants were offered psychological assessment and intervention. Chi squared analyses revealed class standing, mental health symptom severity, referral type, and type of engagement interview influenced program commitment/utilization. Logistic regression analyses indicated SE+DMH+DPA and SE+DMH+DSC uniquely improved assessment attendance whereas referrals from the athletic department and coaches/teammates, participation in sport performance workshops, and senior status uniquely improved assessment and intervention attendance.
Dynamic psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with mental health in Emergency Medical Service (EMS) personnel.

Abstract Background EMS personnel have a heightened risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression relative to other occupational populations necessitating a greater understanding of the risk and protective factors that operate each day in relation to this risk. This study examined dynamic psychosocial factors and their relationship with daily mental health symptoms among EMS workers. The psychosocial factors examined consisted of occupational stressors, sleep disturbance, social conflict, meaning made from the day's challenges, recovery activities, social support, and perceived prosocial impact. Method Seventy-nine EMS workers recruited from an emergency medical service provider in Central New York completed a daily assessment for 8 days asking questions about occupational stressors encountered, sleep efficiency, social conflicts, meaning made from the day's challenges, recovery activities engaged in, social support received, and perceived prosocial impact. Results Daily occupational stressors were associated with elevated daily PTSD symptom severity (b = 0.13, SE = 0.06, p = .023). Social conflicts were associated with greater depression symptom severity (b = 0.75, SE = 0.14, p Limitations A relatively modest sample size and small sampling window may constrain the generalizations made from this study. Conclusions Occupational stressors and social conflicts are key risk factors related to the daily expression of PTSD and depression symptom severity in EMS workers. The meaning made from the day's challenges and the recovery activities engaged in may protect against depression. These results reveal several dynamic psychosocial factors that aid in understanding features of the work day that contribute to the mental health burden observed among EMS personnel.
Ductus arteriosus aneurysm with left pulmonary artery obstruction.

The echogenic mass in the pulmonary artery is a rare finding in newborns. Differential diagnoses include pulmonary artery thrombosis, ductal aneurysm, and malignant tumor. We report a newborn case who presented with mild desaturation and was found to have a large echogenic mass at the pulmonary bifurcation on echocardiography, which caused partial flow obstruction in the proximal left pulmonary artery. Along with the findings of cardiac computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, the diagnosis of ductus arteriosus aneurysm (DAA) was made. This DAA spontaneously regressed without any intervention at 4 months follow-up.