cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Landscape Frameworks for the Revitalization of Urban Neighborhoods in the Context of Phytoremediation

This article exposes the possibilities of integrating phytoremediation in the larger context of urban revitalization strategies and their spatial and cultural context through exemplary case studies in research by design. The findings propose a simultaneous application of multifaceted and overlapping strategies: (1) spatial network strategies combining phytoremediation with water infrastructures and open space on multiple scales; (2) space–time strategies that include different levels of pollution and anticipated cleanup time at a larger scale; (3) capitalizing on the variety of aesthetical values of plants; (4) capitalizing on potentials of architectural heritage with possibilities of adaptive reuses; (5) staged phasing frameworks that integrate cultural, social, and educational processes; (6) interdisciplinary collaborations between scientist and designers; and (7) illustrative and engaging visual communication techniques for staging, design, and implementation. While each of these strategies is not new, they are currently practiced in isolation. A simultaneous application of this palette of strategies may embrace and synergize visual, spatial, scientific, and cultural elements as a multi-scalar and multilayered approach and thus provide a synthesis that is valuable for scientists, designers, planners, and stakeholders on the regional and municipal level. Executed, they will result in the propagation of phytoremediation as a technique to transform derelict urban landscapes.
Using Distance Education Technologies for the Supervision of Student Teachers in Remote Rural Schools

To alleviate the dire shortage of special education teachers in rural areas, teacher preparation programs must address the teaching requirements and environments in rural schools and encourage stud...
The Spooky World of Quantum Entanglement

Since its origin quantum physics has not only inspired and challenged many of the brightest minds, it perplexed the general public with its radical thinking and weird ideas. No other branch of science invoked so many philosophical reflections as quantum mechanics did. The reverberations of quantum thought is prevalent as much today as it was in the early twentieth century, when the revolutionary theory came into being in an attempt to describe the microscopic components of the material world. Quantum entanglement and teleportation are two highly pursued topics even as they seem to be more like metaphysics than the modern physics.
Carfentanil-Associated Mortality in Wayne County, Michigan, 2015-2017.

Objectives. To identify opioids associated with a spike in opioid-related mortality in Wayne County, Michigan, from July 2016 through February 2017.Methods. We reviewed records from the Wayne Count...
National practice trends for the surgical management of lung cancer in the CMS population: an atlas of care

Background: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has been established as a safe and effective alternative to an open approach for the treatment of early-stage lung cancer. Despite this, differences in utilization across the nation are present. The aims of this study were to: (I) characterize trends in the use of open surgery and VATS for the management of lung cancer across the United States, and (II) describe if particular regions of the country utilize minimally invasive surgery more frequently. Methods: We studied all Medicare beneficiaries from the ages of 65 to 99 years with full Part A and B coverage and no HMO coverage for the years of 2006 and 2014 (the most recent year available at the time of this analysis). Beneficiaries with a diagnosis of lung cancer (ICD-9 codes: 162.0 162.2 162.3 162.4 162.5 162.8 162.9) were selected. Rates of thoracoscopic surgery (CPT codes: 32663, 32666, 32667, 32668, 32669, 32670, 32671) and open lung resections (32505, 32506, 32507, 32608, 32440, 32442, 32445, 32480, 32482, 32484, 32486, 32488) were calculated by year and region. Rates in 2006 and 2014 with descriptive statistics and a univariate analysis were performed using Student’s t-test and chi-square, as appropriate. A two-sided P value Results: A total of 24,368,333 and 23,921,059 beneficiaries for the years of 2006 and 2014 were analyzed. A diagnosis of lung cancer was detected in claims of 167,418 patients (0.7%) in 2006 and 167,506 patients in 2014 (0.7%), which was not significantly different (P=0.7). Among these lung cancer patients, a surgical intervention was performed in 17,249 patients (10.3%) during 2006 and 18,603 patients (11.1%) in 2014 (P=0.01). Among those undergoing surgery, a VATS approach was performed in 2,512 patients (15%) during 2006 and 9,578 patients (54%) during 2014 (P=0.001). In 2006, California, New York, and New Jersey performed the most VATS procedures, in comparison to 2014, when New York, Florida, and California performed the highest number of VATS procedures. Conclusions: While the prevalence of lung cancer in the United States was unchanged between 2006 and 2014, the use of VATS techniques increased five-fold. Further studies to better understand the adoption or availability of new surgical techniques in lung cancer populations across geographic regions and patient populations are necessary.
Effect of Directional Stiffness on Control Reversal Speed

Aeroelastic tailoring is basically the use of directional stiffness to achieve desirable changes in our aerodynamic parameters. In this research paper, the aileron reversal speed of a fighter aircraft has been evaluated by modelling and subsequent analysis of the wing in FEMAP. The static aeroelastic analysis has been carried out at Mach 0.0 and sea level conditions and aileron deflection of 1 degree. The model was simulated at different dynamic pressures one by one and the speed of aileron control reversal was evaluated by examining the stability derivatives in the result file of FEMAP. The material properties of the wing were now changed and laminate element with 2D orthotropic material was used and wing central region was now given this composite property. The whole process of finding the aileron control reversal speed was again carried out and the results were compared with the previous case. An increase in the reversal speed was observed. This comparison would allow us to better comprehend the use and significance of directional stiffness in influencing our aerodynamic parameters of an aircraft. In the end recommendations for future work are also presented.
An alternative, curriculum-based value-added model for teacher preparation programmes: a research summary

Teacher preparation programmes (TPPs) find many ways to shape the development of their teacher candidates while bridging the research to practice gap in university and school partnerships. Recently...
Pretreatment of forest residues of Douglas fir by wet explosion for enhanced enzymatic saccharification

Abstract The logging and lumbering industry in the Pacific Northwest region generates huge amount of forest residues, offering an inexpensive raw material for biorefineries. Wet explosion (WEx) pretreatment was applied to the recalcitrant biomass to optimize process conditions including temperature (170–190 °C), time (10–30 min), and oxygen loading (0.5–7.5% of DM) through an experimental design. Optimal pH for enzymatic hydrolysis of the optimized samples and a complete mass balance have been evaluated. Results indicated that cellulose digestibility improved in all conditions tested with maximum digestibility achieved at 190 °C, time 30 min, and oxygen loading of 7.5%. Glucose yield at optimal pH of 5.5 was 63.3% with an excellent recovery of cellulose and lignin of 99.9% and 96.3%, respectively. Hemicellulose sugars recovery for xylose and mannose was found to be 69.2% and 76.0%, respectively, indicating that WEx is capable of producing relative high sugar yield even from the recalcitrant forest residues.
Shoos, Diane L. Domestic Violence in Hollywood Film: Gaslighting. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. 175 pp. $73.26 (hardcover). ISBN-13: 978-3-319-65063-0

Domestic Violence in Hollywood Film: Gaslighting outlines a continuum of domestic violence representation in mainstream Hollywood films. Intertwining feminist cultural and media studies theory with...
Technologies for safety and health management in construction: Current use, implementation benefits and limitations, and adoption barriers

Abstract The adoption and implementation of innovative solutions is an effective means to improve construction safety performance. The use of technology as a preventive tool for stemming the observed disproportionate rate of worker injuries and fatalities in the construction industry as compared with other industrial sectors has gained substantial attention over the last two decades. Previous studies have highlighted the need to advance the state of knowledge regarding the usefulness and utility of technologies for safety and health management in construction as well as factors that limit and prevent technology use in the construction industry. This paper aims to fill this gap in knowledge and practice by (1) identifying technologies used for safety and health management in the construction industry and assessing the current rate of use within the construction industry; (2) highlighting the benefits and limitations of using technologies for safety and health management, and (3) identifying the critical barriers to adopting technologies for safety and health management and propose strategies to overcome such barriers. To achieve the research aims, a survey was conducted to collect relevant data on the topic. 102 construction practitioners with pertinent knowledge of technology as it is used within their organization responded to the survey. Results of the study suggest that although slight increase in technology for safety and health management in construction adoption and use transpired due to technology ability to improve safety conditions, a notable resistance regarding its continuous use remains an issue across the industry. The study findings provide invaluable information for industry practitioners and researchers regarding limitations of technology implementation and barriers of technology adoption as well as strategies to overcome such limitations and barriers. Overcoming technology implementation limitations and adoption barriers is expected to enhance the adoption of technology for safety management in the construction industry.
Relationship of Sever’s Disease with Skeletal Maturity and Implications for Radiographic Findings

Purpose: Sever’s disease, also known as calcaneal apophysitis, is a common condition in active, growing children. This condition presents as pain in the heel and is thought to be an overuse condition of the calcaneal apophysis. There are currently no defined radiographic diagnostic criteria for evaluation of Sever’s disease, with radiographs generally showing normal appearance of the calcaneal apophysis. A better understanding of the relationship of Sever’s disease and skeletal maturity may allow for improved interpretation …
CD8 expression in anaplastic large cell lymphoma correlates with noncommon morphologic variants and T-cell antigen expression suggesting biological differences with CD8-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma

Summary Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a T-cell neoplasm characterized by uniformly strong CD30 expression and common absence of T-cell markers. Most ALCL cases express CD4, but a small subset of ALCL cases has been reported to express CD8. Little is known about the clinicopathologic and prognostic features of CD8+ ALCL. In this study, CD8 was assessed in 158 patients with systemic ALCL: CD8 was positive in 13 of 67 (19%) ALK+ and 13 of 91 (14%) ALK-negative neoplasms. In ALK+ ALCL, the CD8+ subgroup more often showed a noncommon morphologic pattern (69% vs 13%, P = .0001) and was more often positive for CD2 (100% vs 45%, P = .001), CD3 (92% vs 24%, P = .0001), and CD7 (100% vs. 39%, P = .002), but less frequently positive for CD25 (50% vs. 100%, P = .02). Patients with ALK+ ALCL and CD8+ neoplasms also had a higher relapse rate (82% vs 48%, P = .05) and more often underwent stem cell transplant (73% vs 36%, P = .04). CD8 expression did not correlate with patient overall survival or progression-free survival regardless of ALK status (all P > 0.05). We conclude that CD8+ ALCL cases appear to be biologically different from the more common CD8-negative ALCL cases. Our data suggest that CD8 positivity in ALK+ ALCL helps to identify a subset of patients more prone to relapse or more in need of stem cell transplant during their clinical course, although there was no impact on survival in this cohort.
Testing collapse models for macroscopic quantum superpositions using an atomic interferometer without entanglement (Conference Presentation)

"Testing collapse models for macroscopic quantum superpositions using an atomic interferometer without entanglement" was recorded at Photonics West 2020, in San Francisco, California.
Understanding Transgender Identities: Four Views: edited by James K. Beilby and Paul Rhodes Eddy, Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2019, 258 pp., $24.99 (paperback)

Understanding Transgender Identities: Four Views is best understood as a roundtable discussion of four Christian theologians and scholars with different approaches to understanding transgender iden...
Mussel acclimatization to high, variable temperatures is lost slowly upon transfer to benign conditions.

ABSTRACT Climate change is increasing the temperature variability animals face, and thermal acclimatization allows animals to adjust adaptively to this variability. Although the rate of heat acclimatization has received some study, little is known about how long these adaptive changes remain without continuing exposure to heat stress. This study explored the rate at which field acclimatization states are lost when temperature variability is minimized during constant submersion. California mussels (Mytilus californianus) with different acclimatization states were collected from high- and low-zone sites (∼12 versus ∼5°C daily temperature ranges, respectively) and then kept submerged at 15°C for 8 weeks. Each week, the cardiac thermal performance of mussels was measured as a metric of acclimatization state: critical (Tcrit) and flatline (Tflat) temperatures were recorded. Over 8 weeks of constant submersion, the mean Tcrit of high-zone mussels decreased by 1.07°C from baseline, but low-zone mussels9 mean Tcrit was unchanged. High- and low-zone mussels9 mean maximum heart rate (HR) and resting HR decreased ∼12 and 35%, respectively. Tflat was unchanged in both groups. These data suggest that Tcrit and HR are more physiologically plastic in response to the narrowing of an animal9s daily temperature range than Tflat is, and that an animal9s prior acclimatization state (high versus low) influences the acclimatory capacity of Tcrit. Approximately 2 months were required for the cardiac thermal performance of the high-zone mussels to reach that of the low-zone mussels, suggesting that acclimatization to high and variable temperatures may persist long enough to enable these animals to cope with intermittent bouts of heat stress.
MenB-FHbp Vaccine Protects Against Diverse Meningococcal Strains in Adolescents and Young Adults: Post Hoc Analysis of Two Phase 3 Studies.

Two phase 3 studies in adolescents and young adults demonstrated that MenB-FHbp, a meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) vaccine, elicits protective immune responses after 2 or 3 doses based on serum bactericidal antibody assays using human complement (hSBA) against 4 primary and 10 additional diverse, vaccine-heterologous MenB test strains. Lower limits of quantitation (LLOQs; titers 1:8 or 1:16; titers ≥ 1:4 correlate with protection) were used to evaluate responses to individual strains and all 4 primary strains combined (composite response). A post hoc analysis evaluated percentages of subjects with protective responses to as many as 8 strains combined (4 primary plus additional strains). Immune responses were measured using hSBAs against 4 primary strains in adolescents (n = 1509, MenB-FHbp; n = 898, hepatitis A virus vaccine/saline) and young adults (n = 2480, MenB-FHbp; n = 824, saline) receiving MenB-FHbp or control at 0, 2, and 6 months. Ten additional strains were evaluated in subsets of subjects from approximately 1800 MenB-FHbp recipients across both studies. Percentages of subjects with hSBA titers ≥ LLOQ for different numbers of primary strains or primary plus additional strains combined (7 or 8 strains total per subset) were determined before vaccination, 1 month post-dose 2, and 1 month post-dose 3. Across the panel of primary plus additional strains, at 1 month post-dose 3, titers ≥ LLOQ were elicited in 93.7–95.7% of adolescents and 91.7–95.0% of young adults for ≥ 5 test strains combined and in 70.5–85.8% of adolescents and 67.5–81.4% of young adults for ≥ 7 strains combined. Among adolescents, 99.8%, 99.0%, 92.8%, and 82.7% had titers ≥ LLOQ against at least 1, 2, 3, and all 4 primary strains, respectively; corresponding percentages for young adults were 99.7%, 97.7%, 94.0%, and 84.5%. Results support the ability of MenB-FHbp to provide broad coverage against MenB strains expressing diverse FHbp variants. ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers NCT01830855, NCT01352845.
Rapid Benefit Indicator Tools

Given the many interconnections between socio-economic and ecological systems, for Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) to be effective, decision makers must consider metrics for both. Supply side tools and assessments characterize ecosystem condition, functioning, and potential to provide ecosystem goods and services (EGS). Demand side tools, including economic valuation, assess people’s preferences for EGS and sometimes estimate the monetary amount people are willing to pay for a good or service. However, economic valuation is often omitted from assessments, due to lack of data or expertise; and economic valuation alone may not sufficiently capture all important aspects of some decisions. Benefit-relevant indicators have evolved as a way to measure the connection between goods or services that may be provided by an ecosystem, and people who may benefit from those services, while stopping short of valuation (Olander et al., Ecol Indic 85:1262–1272, 2018). Like economic valuation, benefit-relevant indicators can help assess trade-offs and compare alternative outcomes (National Ecosystem Services Partnership, Federal resource management and ecosystem services guidebook. National Ecosystem Services Partnership, Duke University, Durham, 2016). The Rapid Benefit Indicators (RBI) approach is an easy-to-use process for choosing a structured set of non-monetary benefit-relevant indicators for assessment (Mazzotta et al., Integr Environ Assess Manag 15:148–159, 2019). The RBI approach indicators are intended to be applied in conjunction with existing ecosystem service assessment approaches and tools, to connect changes in the availability of EGS to the locations where, and how, people benefit from those goods and services. Though developed for use with urban freshwater wetland restoration, the general RBI approach and indicator framework may be adapted and applied to other environmental changes or ecological systems. This chapter will detail the RBI approach and highlight how RBI tools can inform resource management decisions.
Detection of Stars Within ?0.8 in of Kepler Objects of Interest

We present an algorithm to search for the faint spectrum of a second star mixed with the spectrum of a brighter star in high resolution spectra. We model optical stellar spectra as the sum of two input spectra drawn from a vast library of stars throughout the H-R diagram. From typical spectra having a resolution of R = 60,000, we are able to detect companions as faint as 1% relative to the primary star in approximately the V and R bandpasses of photometry. We are also able to find evidence for triple and quadruple systems, given that any additional companions are sufficiently bright. The precise threshold percentage depends on the signal-to-noise of the spectrum and the properties of the two stars. For cases of non-detection, we place a limit on the brightness of any potential companions. This algorithm is useful for detecting faint orbiting companions and background stars that are angularly close to a foreground target star. The size of the entrance slit to the spectrometer, 0.87 × 3 arcsec (typically), sets the angular domain within which the second star can be detected. We analyzed Keck-HIRES spectra of 1160 California Kepler Survey objects of interest (KOI) searching for the secondary spectra, with the two goals of alerting the community to two possible host stars of the transiting planet and to dilution of the light curve. We report 63 California KOI showing spectroscopic evidence of a secondary star.
On the robustness of inference of association with the gut microbiota in stool, swab and mucosal tissue samples

The gut microbiota plays an important role in human health and disease. Stool, swab and mucosal tissue samples have been used in individual studies to survey the microbial community but the consequences of using these different sample types are not completely understood. We previously reported differences in microbial community composition with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing between stool, swab and mucosal tissue samples. Here, we extended the previous study to a larger cohort and performed shotgun metagenome sequencing of 1,397 stool, swab and mucosal tissue samples from 240 participants. Consistent with previous results, taxonomic composition of stool and swab samples was distinct, but still more similar to each other than mucosal tissue samples, which had a substantially different community composition, characterized by a high relative abundance of the mucus metabolizers Bacteroides and Subdoligranulum, as well as bacteria with higher tolerance for oxidative stress such as Escherichia. As has been previously reported, functional profiles were more uniform across sample types than taxonomic profiles with differences between stool and swab samples smaller, but mucosal tissue samples remained distinct from the other two types. When the taxonomic and functional profiles of different sample types were used for inference in association with host phenotypes of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), antibiotics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use, hypothesis testing using either stool or swab gave broadly similar results, but inference performed on mucosal tissue samples gave results that were generally less consistent with either stool or swab. Our study represents an important resource for the experimental design of studies aimed to understand microbiota perturbations specific to defined micro niches within the human intestinal tract.
Clinical characteristics of localized Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children

Objective:To explore the clinical features of cephalic and facial limited langerhans cell histiocytosis （LCH） in children for improving its diagnosis and treatment. Methods:Clinical data of 8 children with cephalic and facial limited LCH were retrospectively analyzed, including the onset time of disease, lesion location, imaging data, clinical manifestations and treatment strategies. Results:One case was preliminarily diagnosed as chronic inflammation with nasal back lesions, then conformed by repeated surgical pathology. Six cases were found to have simple cephalic and facial lumps without pain and swelling. One case was found to have temporal lump with suppurate in the lateral auditory canal. Five cases were treated with surgical excision of lesions. Three cases were treated with surgical excision of lesions, and continued with chemotherapy after confirmed pathological diagnosis. All cases were followed up for 2-3 years with good prognosis. Conclusion:Cephalic and facial limited LCH in children was easy to be misdiagnosed and should be regarded as animportant differential diagnosis of cephalic and facial lumps. Good outcome is achieved by treatment with surgical resection combined with adjuvant chemotherapy.
Citizen Assessment of Electoral Reforms: Do Evaluations of Fairness Blunt Self-Interest?

A large literature shows that citizens care about the procedural fairness of rules and institutions. This body of work suggests that citizen evaluations of institutional changes should be constrained by fairness considerations, even if they would personally benefit from the reforms. We test this expectation using two panel studies to examine whether citizens become more accepting of proposals rated as unfair (in wave one) after we experimentally manipulate (in wave two) whether the proposals aid their party’s electoral prospects. Using this approach, we are able to establish what citizens see to be fair or unfair separate from their evaluation of a given rule change. We find that supporters of both parties are consistently more favorable toward reforms their fellow partisans and, crucially, they themselves, claim reduce electoral fairness when framed as advancing their partisan interests. The results provide important insights into how citizens evaluate electoral processes, procedural fairness, and, hence, the acceptable limits of institutional change.
Energy Renewal: Isothermal Utilization of Environmental Heat Energy with Asymmetric Structures.

Through the research presented herein, it is quite clear that there are two thermodynamically distinct types (A and B) of energetic processes naturally occurring on Earth. Type A, such as glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, apparently follows the second law well; Type B, as exemplified by the thermotrophic function with transmembrane electrostatically localized protons presented here, does not necessarily have to be constrained by the second law, owing to its special asymmetric function. This study now, for the first time, numerically shows that transmembrane electrostatic proton localization (Type-B process) represents a negative entropy event with a local protonic entropy change (ΔSL) in a range from -95 to -110 J/K∙mol. This explains the relationship between both the local protonic entropy change (ΔSL) and the mitochondrial environmental temperature (T) and the local protonic Gibbs free energy (ΔGL=TΔSL) in isothermal environmental heat utilization. The energy efficiency for the utilization of total protonic Gibbs free energy (ΔGT including ΔGL=TΔSL) in driving the synthesis of ATP is estimated to be about 60%, indicating that a significant fraction of the environmental heat energy associated with the thermal motion kinetic energy (kBT) of transmembrane electrostatically localized protons is locked into the chemical form of energy in ATP molecules. Fundamentally, it is the combination of water as a protonic conductor, and thus the formation of protonic membrane capacitor, with asymmetric structures of mitochondrial membrane and cristae that makes this amazing thermotrophic feature possible. The discovery of energy Type-B processes has inspired an invention (WO 2019/136037 A1) for energy renewal through isothermal environmental heat energy utilization with an asymmetric electron-gated function to generate electricity, which has the potential to power electronic devices forever, including mobile phones and laptops. This invention, as an innovative Type-B mimic, may have many possible industrial applications and is likely to be transformative in energy science and technologies for sustainability on Earth.
Guiding light in discourse studies: a tribute to Deborah Schiffrin (1951–2017)

This tribute characterises the scholarly life of interactional sociolinguist Deborah Schiffrin (1951–2017), locating her contribution to the 1992 Berkeley Women and Language Conference (‘Gender displays among family, friends, and neighbors: taking the role of another’) within her lifelong exploration of the intricate interrelated workings of language, identity and the world. Debby’s deep understanding of linguistics and sociology undergirded and nurtured nuanced, multidimensional analyses of individual utterances in their connection to systematic patterns within larger communities of practice. Her broad, multifaceted and deep legacy in discourse studies inspires all who seek to examine identity as performed and situated within myriad social worlds and their associated discourses.
Dileptons and photons from coarse-grained microscopic dynamics and hydrodynamics compared to experimental data

Abstract We compute the radiation of dileptons and photons using relativistic hydrodynamics and a coarse-grained version of the microscopic event generator UrQMD, both of which provide a good description of the hadron spectra. The currently most accurate dilepton and photon emission rates from perturbative QCD and from experimentally-based hadronic calculations are used. Comparisons are made to data on central Pb Pb and Pb Au collisions taken at the CERN SPS at a beam energy of 158 A GeV. Both hydrodynamics and UrQMD provide very good descriptions of the photon transverse momentum spectrum measured between 1 and 4 GeV, but very slightly undersestimate the low mass spectrum of e+e− pairs, even with greatly broadened ϱ and ω vector mesons.
Exergames: Theoretical Perspective

Abstract This article is based on an invited presentation for the Exergame Preconference Symposium held in Houston, TX, May 19–20, 2014 that was hosted by Tom Baranowski, PhD, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine. Its purpose is to provide insight into the ways in which theory can be used to guide exergame research.
Multispectral image fusion for the small aircraft transportation system

Flight operations in poor visibility conditions are implicated in many accidents, including controlled flight into terrain incidents, thunderstorm encounters enroute, runway incursions and collisions during taxi operations. General aviation has no low-cost enhanced vision technology readily available to provide pilots a view of their surroundings at night or in haze. Fusion of thermal-based systems and reflectivity-based systems (such as back-thinned charge-coupled device cameras) promises to improve pilots' situation awareness by providing pilots with extended information about their surroundings. We investigated both pseudocolor and gray scale intensity fusion techniques using infrared images of airport scenes and visible light images from a black and white camera. Individual image enhancements, such as edge enhancements, were also evaluated. Evaluations were performed on fused captured images produced by programming the techniques on a personal computer.
Unusual 5 S ribosomal RNAs: An analysis of an individual segments can reveal phylogenetic relatedness

Abstract Sequence comparisons of 5 S and other ribosomal RNAs by segments can be useful in understanding anomalous primary and secondary structures and in assessing phylogenetic relationships. In a segmented analysis, the 5′-half of the Chlamydomonas reinhardii chloroplast 5 S ribosomal RNA is found to have a very close sequence homology to the green plant chloroplast and cyanobacterial 5 S RNAs; however, the 3′-half has a highly unusual sequence. Further comparisons of homologies between regions of the 5 S RNAs from C. reinhardii and the green plant chloroplasts suggest that genetic rearrangements within the 5 S DNA may have produced the unusual sequence at the 3′-half. Segmented analyses of the C. reinhardii and green plant chloroplast 5 S RNAs suggest a close relationship which is not revealed by overall sequence comparisons.
Quinidine toxicity and its treatment. An Experimental study.

Abstract Quinidine toxicity was studied in the intact anesthetized dog. Large doses of quinidine resulted in a decrease in the heart rate, cardiac output, mean aortic blood pressure, ventricular contractility, and calculated total systemic peripheral vascular resistance. The right ventricular enddiastolic pressure increased in all dogs. The P-R interval and QRS duration were also increased. Reduction in the calculated total systemic peripheral vascular resistance was the most persistent toxic effect. Calcium, molar sodium lactate, disodium calcium versenate, methoxamine, levarterenol, and angiotensin were used in an attempt to reverse the hemodynamic alterations induced by quinidine. Of these agents, angiotensin was the most effective in reversing the signs of quinidine toxicity. The infusion of angiotensin in combination with disodium calcium versenate proved to be even more effective than the infusion of angiotensin alone. This combination is recommended for the treatment of severe quinidine intoxication.
EVIDENCE FOR DEVIATION IN THE METABOLISM OF TYROSINE IN RHEUMATIC FEVER. PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION.

Abstract In 17 cases of rheumatic fever, I case of rheumatoid arthritis, I case of psoriasis with rheumatic manifestations and one case of ulcerative colitis compared to 9 control cases, were noted: (1) An increased ratio of phenylalanine to tyrosine in plasma. (2) An increase in the urinary output of phenolic acids.(3) The appearance of a substance in high amounts in urine. Evidence is afforded that this substance is 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyllactic acid.
Economic Analysis of Climate Change Best Management Practices in Vermont Agriculture

Climate change impacts local agricultural systems in detectable and distinguishable ways from large-scale shifts in water, land, and weather patterns to regionally specific distributions of weeds, pests, and diseases. Best management practices for adapting to and mitigating the effects of climate change include modifications to farm production through adjusted intensity and product types and changing land use through crop siting and tillage practices. Farmer perceptions of risk and profitability of best management practices are key determinants of adoption, which traditional incentive programs like the Environmental Quality Incentive Program attempt to address by providing financial and technical support. To ensure that payments offered through these programs that maximize adoption, regional incentive payments must be based upon locally established costs. This paper focuses on the cost of implementing and maintaining climate change specific best management practices (CCBMPs) for twelve diverse farms in Vermont. Specifically, three CCBMPs for Vermont are examined: cover cropping, management intensive rotational grazing (MIRG), and riparian buffer strips. Results show the average cost for cover cropping is $129.24/acre, MIRG is $79.82/acre, and a tree based riparian buffer strip cost $807.33/acre. We conclude that existing incentive payments for cover cropping and MIRG are below costs, likely resulting in under-adoption.
Perceptions of Anatomy Education--A Student's View.

Changes in anatomy education over the last two decades have, in large part, led to less emphasis on gross anatomy in the medical curriculum. This has led many to question whether streamlined anatomy courses truly provide adequate preparation for medical practice. Rather than wondering about the effects of these changes, we should be actively seeking answers and promoting understanding between professors, clinicians, and students about what anatomy education is and what it should be. Anat Sci Ed 1:133–134, 2008. © 2008 American Association of Anatomists.
Effects of Carbon Nanotube-Tethered Nanosphere Density on Amperometric Biosensing: Simulation and Experiment

Nascent nanofabrication approaches are being applied to reduce electrode feature dimensions from the microscale to the nanoscale, creating biosensors that are capable of working more efficiently at the biomolecular level. The development of nanoscale biosensors has been driven largely by experimental empiricism to date. Consequently, the precise positioning of nanoscale electrode elements is typically neglected, and its impact on biosensor performance is subsequently overlooked. Herein, we present a bottom-up nanoelectrode array fabrication approach that utilizes low-density and horizontally oriented single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as a template for the growth and precise positioning of Pt nanospheres. We further develop a computational model to optimize the nanosphere spatial arrangement and elucidate the trade-offs among kinetics, mass transport, and charge transport in an enzymatic biosensing scenario. Optimized model variables and experimental results confirm that tightly packed Pt nanosphere/...
Differential responsivity of verbal and visual recognition memory to physostigmine and ACTH.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and physostigmine have been used to augment memory functions in impaired and intact individuals. It is recognized riow that the range of effective doses may be narrow and variable between subjects (Ferris et al. 1976: Brinkman and Gershon 1983). We report a single case study suggesting that the effective therapeutic ranges for nonverbal and verbal memory---even different verbal memory procedures-may be different in the same subject. Different responsivity might be inferred from previous single dose studies in which either verbal memory or nonverbal memory but not both, showed improvement (Veith et al. 1978; Branconnier et al. 1979; Brinkman and Gershon 1983). The appropriate methodology is to use more than one dose (Brinkman and Gershon 1983), and our single case study accomplishes this direct comparison.
Auxetic honeycombs with lossy polymeric infills for high damping structural materials

Structural grade materials with Young’s Modulus in the gigapascal range generally have very low damping, leading to requirement for auxiliary damping treatments in many applications. This article examines whether a high Young’s Modulus and damping level can simultaneously be realized by introducing lossy polymeric infills into auxetic aluminum honeycombs. Using finite element analysis, auxetic honeycombs with varying cell geometry and infill stiffness, loaded in the x- and y-directions, are examined. From the results, it is observed that the best performance is achieved when auxetic honeycombs with shallow inclined walls and short vertical walls are loaded in the x-direction. Young’s Modulus in excess of 10 GPa is achievable in combination with a loss factor of 5%. If a higher loss factor of 10% is required, Young’s Modulus in the range of 5.5–6.5 GPa can still be realized. The high loss factors achieved are attributed to the very high local strain levels in the polymeric infill in the central region of t...
Neonatal gonocytes co-cultured with sertoli cells on a laminin-containing matrix resume mitosis and elongate

We co-cultured gonocytes and Sertoli cells isolated on the day of birth and observed the appearance, 1 and 3 days after the start of culture, of gonocytes that had developed cellular processes and that were labeled by [3H]thymidine, respectively. These events occurred in the absence of hormones, etc. and with a time course very similar to that seen in vivo. In other incubations, we found that the presence of laminin in the underlying substrate was critical in promoting proliferation and elongation of gonocytes. These observations strongly suggest that interactions between gonocytes and other testicular cells/factors in the co-cultures promote maturation of these germ cells in vitro, and thus provide new evidence to support the concept that paracrine mechanisms are important during testicular development as well as in adults.
Encountering Revolution: Haiti and the Making of the Early Republic

Encountering Revolution looks afresh at the profound impact of the Haitian Revolution on the early United States. The first book on the subject in more than two decades, it redefines our understanding of the relationship between republicanism and slavery at a foundational moment in American history. For postrevolutionary Americans, the Haitian uprising laid bare the contradiction between democratic principles and the practice of slavery. For thirteen years, between 1791 and 1804, slaves and free people of color in Saint-Domingue battled for equal rights in the manner of the French Revolution. As white and mixed-race refugees escaped to the safety of U.S. cities, Americans were forced to confront the paradox of being a slaveholding republic, recognizing their own possible destiny in the predicament of the Haitian slaveholders. Historian Ashli White examines the ways Americans-black and white, northern and southern, Federalist and Democratic Republican, pro- and antislavery-pondered the implications of the Haitian Revolution. Encountering Revolution convincingly situates the formation of the United States in a broader Atlantic context. It shows how the very presence of Saint-Dominguan refugees stirred in Americans as many questions about themselves as about the future of slaveholding, stimulating some of the earliest debates about nationalism in the early republic.
Mechanisms of lung injury by systemically administered chemicals.

In this paper we will attempt to provide some explanations for the organ selectivity of four different pneumotoxicants (monocrotaline, naphtalene, 3-methylindole, and 4-ipomeanol)
Quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR) of lipophilic acids and related compounds on bacterial and mammalian cells.

SUMMARY It is shown by means of regression analysis that the lipophilic character of the molecule as expressed by log P in octanol/water is very important in determining the relative activities of these compounds in all of the three systems examined. In addition, molecular weight is also important in some of the systems. In general, activity increases with increasing lipophilicity and molecular weight for the limited number of compounds studied. The role of degree of ionization of these acidic drugs may affect both penetration and intrinsic activity in different ways. The finding by Sheu et al., (1) that long-chain fatty acids inhibit gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) but not gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli, due to the protective layer of lipopolysaccharide, is in agreement with the correlations obtained for many different series of antibacterial agents by Lien, Hansch & Anderson (2).
Clinical experience with intramuscular sulbactam/ampicillin in the outpatient treatment of various infections. A multicentre trial.

In a multicentre trial in Turkey, the efficacy and safety of sulbactam/ampicillin in the treatment of genitourinary tract, respiratory tract, ear, nose and throat, and skin and soft- tissue infections in a total of 532 patients were evaluated. Standard doses of sulbactam/ampicillin (0.25/0.5g) were administered intramuscularly bid for 4 to 15 days (mean 7.5 days).
Atomic inner-shell level energies determined by absorption spectrometry with synchrotron radiation

Absolute energies of the $\mathrm{Ar}K$, $\mathrm{Kr}K$, and $\mathrm{Xe}{L}_{1}$, ${L}_{2}$, and ${L}_{3}$ levels have been determined from absorption edges measured with synchrotron radiation. The double-crystal x-ray monochromator was calibrated by a method that ties the energy scale directly to the crystal lattice constant and $\mathrm{hc}$. Theoretical model spectra were constructed from \ensuremath{\ge} 4 Lorentzians representing the lowest-energy one-electron electric-dipole transitions to bound excited states, and an arc tangent representing transitions to higher bound states and to the continuum. The transition energies were found by minimizing ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$ for the fit of the theoretical spectrum shape to the data. Energy differences from optical spectral series were used to relate the excited-state energies to the vacuum level. Results are compared with earlier measurements and with theory.
Interactions of amiloride and other blocking cations with the apical Na channel in the toad urinary bladder.

A simple model of the action of amiloride to block apical Na channels in the toad urinary bladder was tested. According to the model, the positively charged form of the drug binds to a site in the lumen of the channel within the electric field of the membrane. In agreement with the predictions of the model: (1) The voltage dependence of amiloride block was consistent with the assumption of a single amiloride binding site, at which about 15% of the transmembrane voltage is sensed, over a voltage range of ±160 mV. (2) The time course of the development of voltage dependence was consistent with that predicted from the rate constants for amiloride binding previously determined. (3) The ability of organic cations to mimic the action of amiloride showed a size dependence implying a restriction of access to the binding site, with an effective diameter of about 5 angstroms. In a fourth test, divalent cations (Ca, Mg, Ba and Sr) were found to block Na channels with a complex voltage dependence, suggesting that these ions interact with two or more sites. at least one of which may be within the lumen of the pore.
Pulsa De-Nura: The Innovation of Modern Magic and Ritual

Every year as the fourth of November approaches, the majority of Israeli society and world Jewry recall one of the most devastating tragedies to take place in the history of the State of Israel. For on November 4, 1995, a Jewish zealot assassinated the then-Prime Minister of Israel, Yitzhak Rabin.' The scene is vividly etched in the collective mind, and the consequences are well known. Yet, what remains enigmatic is not the question of why the opposition wanted to prevent Rabin from pursuing his peace initiative, but rather the question: What motivated a fellow Jew to pick up a gun and kill the democratically elected leader of the State of Israel?2 This question takes on even greater significance when we consider that traditional Jews are obligated by Jewish law to observe an annual day of fasting called Tzom Gedaliah, which memorializes the assassination of yet another Jewish political leader, Gedaliah ben Ahikam, the Babylonian-appointed governor of Judah, over 2,500 years ago. Gedaliah's murder was the impetus for the final dispersion of the Jewish remnant in the Land of Israel and thus, Jewish spiritual leaders of the past decided to mark it annually as a day of fasting and selfreflection. Two and a half millennia later, the fast is still observed by traditional Jews, indicating how dreadful the impact of the assassination was upon the nation.: In view of the tragic consequences of Gedaliah's death, questions remain: How could such a thing happen again? What were the circumstances that created the atmosphere allowing such a tragedy to take place in our own time? As we try to uncover answers, we find ourselves involved in a multi-layered investigation. In order to understand the atmosphere leading up to the assassination, we must recognize that overall, anti-Rabin actions were undertaken by two types of political groups motivated by two distinctly different underlying principles.4 One group engaged in anti-Rabin
Two-dimensional gel analysis of chick lens proteins.

Abstract Two-dimensional analyses of the chick lens water-soluble and water-insoluble proteins were conducted according to the method of O'Farrell (1975) . The results define the isoelectric properties of the water-soluble and the urea-soluble polypeptides and demonstrate differences in composition for cortical and nuclear proteins. Chick lens vimentin consists of at least two isoelectric variants, and its breakdown products were identified. Chick lens actin is primarily of the γ-type. The 47 K polypeptide specific for fiber cells shows considerable charge heterogeneity, and its most acidic component is found primarily in the nuclear fiber cells. This study also shows that apparently single bands resolved by one-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the urea-soluble fraction consist of different proteins, and that the composition of such bands may further be altered by ph. This is especially relevant to the composition of the 47 and 50 K bands.
Childbirth Practices: From Darkness Into Light

Some now seemingly bizarre childbirth practices of the Middle Ages, such as “child-breaking,” baptism in utero, excessive modesty, and use of the obstetric chair and tools, are described. Also outlined are the slow, painful steps in the climb out of these dark times: education for midwives, permitting the male in the lying-in room, aseptic technique, und the use of anesthesia.