cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Options for Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs commonly in neonates and is associated with increased mortality. Recent advances in neonatal intensive care have resulted in improved patient survival, but this had not been paralleled by improved outcomes for neonates with AKI. Management of AKI remains supportive with no effective pharmacologic therapy to hasten the recovery process. Emphasis is placed on the prevention and minimization of further renal insults once AKI is established. Routine, regular assessments of renal function with identification of high risk patients and those with incipient AKI are essential so prevention strategies can be promptly initiated. Effective prevention strategies include prompt restoration/preservation of organ perfusion with fluid resuscitation to ensure an adequate effective circulating volume and inotropic support as needed to maintain hemodynamic stability while also avoiding/minimizing nephrotoxin exposure. In established AKI, efforts are focused on maintaining organ perfusion while closely monitoring cumulative fluid balance from admission and remaining cognizant of the need to minimize the degree of fluid overload as this has also been associated with poor outcomes. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has become the preferred therapy for managing fluid overload and metabolic disturbances in critically ill children and adults but is still considered by many to be a heroic intervention for neonates due in large part to numerous technical challenges. The recent development of two miniaturized machines specifically designed to deliver CRRT and hemodialysis (HD) to neonates will hopefully change this paradigm making it easier for nephrologists and intensivists to safely offer and provide this therapy to neonates. Prospective studies are needed to assess whether early initiation of RRT with correction of fluid imbalance results in improved patient survival and renal recovery.
ANESTHESIA FOR THE UNCOOPERATIVE CHILD.

Even an experienced anesthetist may have difficulty coping with a resistant, apprehensive, uncooperative child, and the situation is even more difficult for the person who does not work with children regularly. Some approaches and technics for handling such situations are discussed here. Particularly important are the preoperative visit to the child and the need to encourage him to discuss his feelings about receiving an anesthetic and about the impending operation.
A practical and unified elastoplastic-viscoplastic model of soils

Most existing constitutive models either cannot fully describe the mechanical properties of soils due to their simplicity,or cannot be applied easily due to their complexity and the difficulty of calibrating too many parameters.Based on the theories of nonlinear elasticity,elastoplasticity,modified Masing rules and the Singh-Mitchell creep model as well as the generalized Masing rules for 3D application,a simple,practical and unified elastoplastic-viscoplastic model considering the nonlinearity,cyclic hysteresis and creep behavior of soils is proposed.It has been validated through the tests.The present model is simple and convenient because the parameters have clear physical meanings and are easy to calibrate.
Mathematics Pedagogical Design Capacity from Planning through Teaching

As teachers prepare formathematics lessons they make instructional plans based on their knowledge andavailable resources. A teacher's capacity to mobile resources to design lessonsis known as his or her pedagogical design capacity. This study analyzes shiftsin the pedagogical design capacity of four teachers as they transition fromlesson planning to lesson implementation in the classroom. Results indicatethat teachers' pedagogical design capacities are reflected differently from thetime of lesson planning to the time of instructional delivery, with a shifttoward less curricular reliance during implementation. Findings indicate that teacherswould benefit from support to know how to make changes while teaching in waysthat will best support students' mathematical learning. Additional workfocusing on the role of context as related to pedagogical design capacity wouldprovide further insight for understanding teachers' abilities to use resourcesfor mathematics instruction.
A Within-Subject Comparison of Bimodal Hearing, Bilateral Cochlear Implantation, and Bilateral Cochlear Implantation With Bilateral Hearing Preservation: High-Performing Patients.

A comparison of bimodal hearing and bilateral cochlear implants (CIs) was completed using a within-subjects, repeated-measures study for eight adult sequential recipients who despite achieving incredibly high performance with the first CI, self-selected for bilateral implantation. Speech understanding was assessed with the minimum speech test battery (MSTB) as well as sentences in semi-diffuse noise using the R-SPACE™ system. Conditions included unilateral hearing aid (HA) in the non-implanted ear, unilateral CI, bimodal (CI+HA), and bilateral CI. Additionally, three participants had bilateral hearing preservation and were also tested with bilateral CIs and bilateral HAs (BiBi). All testing was completed in the bimodal hearing configuration and repeated at least six months following activation of the second CI. Bilateral CIs afforded significant individual improvement in a complex listening environment even for individuals demonstrating near perfect sentence scores with both the 1st CI alone as well as the bimodal condition. The 3 BiBi participants demonstrated additional significant benefit over the bilateral CI condition—presumably due to the availability of interaural time difference cues. These data suggest that for noisy environments, adding a second implant can significantly improve speech understanding—even for high performing unilateral CI with bimodal hearing. In diffuse noise conditions, bilateral acoustic hearing can yield even greater benefit beyond that offered by bilateral implantation.
Epidemic and spatial distribution of Schistosomiasis in Hubei province from 2008 to 2012

Objective To analyze the epidemic situation and spatial distribution of schistosomiasis in Hubei province.Methods Data on schistosomiasis endemic in humans were retrospectively collected at the county level from 2008 to 2012.Data on endemic schistosomiasis were matched to Geographic Information System (GIS) and geospatial databases to constitute the spatial database for analysis on schistosomiasis.Spatial aggregation of Schistosoma (S.)japonicum infection was analyzed by global spatial autocorrelation,using the Moran' s I index and local spatial autocorrelation of the Getis-Ord Gi* index.Results Both the number of schistosomiasis patients and the rate of infection on S.japonicum decreased from 2008 to 2012.Results from the global autocorrelation analysis on the prevalence of human S.japonicum infection for 5 years were statistically significant (Moran' s I＞0,P＜0.01).From local autocorrelation analysis,data showed that the number of highly aggregated areas ranged from eight to eleven within the five-year period.The highly aggregated areas were mainly distributed in eight counties,namely Jingzhou district,Shashi district,Jiangling county,Gongan county,Shishou city,Jianli county,Honghu city,and Chibi city.Conclusion Spatial agglomerations were present in the distribution of human S.japonicum infection from 2008 to 2012.Highly cluster areas were mainly distributed in the Yangtze River Basin of Jianghan Plain area. Key words: Schistosomiasis; Geographic information system; Spatial autocorrelation
Numerical Solution of Finite Element Equations

Most problems in engineering mechanics are either continuous or discrete problems. Continuous problems involve infinite number of degrees of freedom, while discrete problems involve finite number of degrees of freedom. All discrete and continuous problems are classified as equilibrium (static), eigenvalue, and propagation (transient) problems. The finite element method is applicable for the solution of all three categories of problems. It is a numerical procedure that replaces a continuous problem by an equivalent discrete one. The matrix notation is used in formulating and solving problems using the finite element procedure. When matrix notation is used in finite element analysis, the organizational properties of matrices allows systematic compilation of the required data and the finite element analysis is then defined as a sequence of matrix operations that can be programmed directly for a digital computer. This chapter introduces matrix techniques that are useful for the solution of finite element equations along with a description of the relevant Fortran computer programs.
The function of morality

What is the function of morality? On this question, something approaching a consensus has recently emerged. Impressed by developments in evolutionary theory, many philosophers now tell us that the function of morality is to reduce social tensions, and to thereby enable a society to efficiently promote the well-being of its members. In this paper, I subject this consensus to rigorous scrutiny, arguing that the functional hypothesis in question is not well supported. In particular, I attack the supposed evidential relation between an evolutionary genealogy of morals and the functional hypothesis itself. I show that there are a great many functionally relevant discontinuities between our own culture and the culture within which morality allegedly emerged, and I argue that this seriously weakens the inference from morality’s evolutionary history to its present-day function.
Sleep apnoea and stroke.

Sleep disorders have been known to physicians for a long time. In his famous aphorisms, Hippocrates said “Sleep or watchfulness exceeding that which is customary, augurs unfavorably”. Modern medicine has been able to disentangle some of the phenomena that disturb sleep. Among the most notable offenders is sleep apnoea that has gained prominence in the past few decades. It is being proposed as one of the potentially modifiable risk factors for vascular diseases including stroke. The pathological mechanisms linking sleep apnoea to vascular risk factors include hypoxia, cardiac arrhythmias, dysautonomia, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and inflammation. In this article, we review literature linking sleep apnoea and stroke, including sleep apnoea as a risk factor for primary prevention with the potential to improve outcome after acute stroke and as a secondary risk factor, amenable to modification and hence vascular risk reduction.
Invasive Melanoma in a Patient with Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma

We describe the case of a 26-year-old woman with a history of congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE) who initially presented with a stage IIA amelanotic melanoma on her forearm that was surgically excised. We also review the literature on CIE-associated skin cancers and discuss the possible contribution of ichthyosis to the risk of cutaneous malignancies. Our findings emphasize the importance of close lifelong skin cancer screening in individuals with CIE and highlight the unique malignancy risk of these individuals.
Listening to the Enemy: The Pakistan Army, Violence and Memories of 1971

Introduction In 1971, two wars broke out in East Pakistan. One was a civil war between East Pakistan and West Pakistan, and the other was an international war fought between India and Pakistan. In the wars, a variety of men representing the armies of Pakistan and India, as well as the Mukti Bahini (Bengali militia created with Indian support), and proPakistani Bengali and ‘Bihari’ civilians who volunteered in the auxiliary armed forces of Al-Badr and Al-Shams raped, looted, killed and terrorised civilians in East Pakistan, particularly women.2 In this article, I investigate the memories of some of the soldiers of the Pakistan Army to document the process and context of the violence of 1971 and analyse them in order to understand the complexities and nuances of personal memories.3 In particular, I trace the gradual transformation of soldiers into perpetrators of violence and continue the analysis further to trace the emergence of a human from within the abyss of violence. While committing violence, many of them admitted that they came face-to-face with their limited human condition and their vulnerabilities, which, in turn, enabled them to see the humanity of their victims. The recognition of these similarities had important consequences in the perpetrators’ lives, motivating them to rethink their experiences in the war and create a narrative that is different from the standard offi cial history of 1971 in Pakistan.
Sexual and reproductive health under the Trump presidency: policy change threatens women in the USA and worldwide

Even before President Trump's inauguration, it was clear that women's sexual and reproductive health (SRH) was going to be a focus of his policy initiatives. Now that he is in office, the impact of these policy changes is beginning to come into focus – and these initiatives affecting abortion, contraception, maternity care and more – are concerning from a medical and public health perspective. The past decade has seen improvements in the use of more effective contraception and a reduction in unintended pregnancy in the USA,1 and it is worrisome that Trump's policies could roll back progress on women's health. One of President Trump's first executive orders after his inauguration was to re-impose the Mexico City Policy, which regulates US funding to foreign non-governmental organisations. Also known as the Global Gag Rule, this policy prevents organisations that receive United States (US) funding from using any of their financial resources, regardless of source, to provide, inform about or advocate for access to abortion care in their countries. The Trump order appears to have expanded the scope of the Gag Rule, which has been imposed by every Republican president since Ronald Reagan: it now extends beyond funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to include programmes such as the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). If reducing abortion were the aim of this policy, it is not at all clear that it is effective. Data from over a quarter of a million women across 20 nations …
Exploring Information Seeking Behaviors in Inter-unit Clinician Handoffs

Inter-unit resident handoffs involves the transfer of information, responsibility and authority between sending and receiving units. In this exploratory study, we highlight the nature of questions ...
The Fall of Tsarism: Untold Stories of the February 1917 Revolution. By Semion Lyandres

In 2017, the year of the centennial of the Bolshevik Revolution, it is important to be reminded that Vladimir Lenin did not seize power from Tsar Nicholas II. The monarchy had already collapsed in ...
The Age Mix of the Labor Force in 1990: Implications for Labor Market Research

Assessing future changes in labor force composition is a prerequisite to understanding the problems and opportunities that such changes produce. A natural starting point for assessing these future changes is the labor force projections that are provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics approximately every two years. The projected age distributions for 1990 and 1995 from the most recent projections have been reproduced in Table 1 along with the actual distributions for 1970 and 1979 (Fullerton, 1980)1. In Table 2 actual and projected labor force participation rates for these same years and age groups are also reproduced. These projections suggest that the age distribution of the labor force will change significantly over the next decade and that the nature of these changes will differ from the changes that took place during the 1970s.
Is the risk of antipsychotic polypharmacy discontinuation dependent on the agents used

This study assesses the risks and benefits of switching from two to one antipsychotic among participants on two non-clozapine oral antipsychotics, and among those on combinations involving either clozapine or an injectable antipsychotic. Ninety adult participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were assigned to stay on polypharmacy or to switch to monotherapy. Half of these participants were receiving combinations of non-clozapine oral antipsychotics and half were receiving combinations involving either clozapine or an injectable antipsychotic. Participants were assessed every 60 days for one year. We examined differences in symptom and side effect trajectories as a function of group assignment and time for both medication groups. Participants who switched from two to one non-clozapine oral antipsychotic experienced significant increases in symptoms relative to stay participants. They also saw significant side effect benefits. Switch participants on combinations involving clozapine or an injectable antipsychotic did not differ over time from stay participants on either symptom or side effect measures. It appears that patients on these combinations can be safely switched to monotherapy. While there may be symptom related risks associated with switching patients on combinations of non-clozapine oral antipsychotics, there are significant health related benefits. Clozapine or injectable antipsychotic monotherapy are recommended options.
Ultrafast laser processing of silicon for photovoltaics

The photovoltaics market has been growing rapidly in the past decade or so, driven by policy support, growing economies of scale, and technological improvements. Continued advances in photovoltaics...
Phacoemulsification of bilateral cataracts in two pet rabbits

Two 3 year-old, healthy, client-owned Lop rabbits presented with bilateral cataracts. After performing a physical examination, bloodwork, ocular ultrasonography and electroretinography, both animals were deemed good surgical candidates for phacoemulsification. Bilateral cataract surgery was performed and both rabbits regained vision in both eyes. Both animals developed post-operative ocular hypertension and one animal developed corneal ulcers immediately after surgery. Both surgical complications resolved with medical management. This case series describes phacoemulsification of bilateral cataracts in 2 companion rabbits and the use of an intraocular lens in 1 rabbit. Surgical treatment of cataracts can be considered as a treatment option whenever a healthy rabbit is visually impaired due to cataracts.
Chronic Abdominal Wall Pain: Diagnosis and Interventional Treatment

Chronic abdominal wall pain is not uncommon and can be confused with visceral pain leading to inappropriate management. In this chapter, we will review the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall, the differential diagnosis, as well as the management of various abdominal wall pain disorders.
Techniques for Sectioning Undecalcified Bone Tissue Using Microtomes

The first “cutting machine” for preparing sections of soft tissues was introduced by Cummings in 1770. The prototype, a metal cylinder that contained the specimen, usually a plant, was screwed by hand into the path of a knife to make a tissue slice. In 1835, Pritchard clamped a similar instrument to a table for greater stability. A section was then prepared with a two-handled knife by cutting across the specimen. Eventually, Chevalier introduced the name “microtome” for these devices in 1839. The development of a sliding mechanism for cutting machines began as early as 1798 as a method to section large tissue specimens. With hand-held knives barely adequate for cutting small specimens, rotary microtomes were introduced by scientific investigators in 1883 and 1886 for greater precision and uniform section thickness. In this case, the specimen passed through into a stable stationary knife. The Spencer Lens Company, between 1901 and 1910, manufactured the first clinical microtome and a larger, precision laboratory microtome.8 However, these early devices were inadequate for sectioning mineralized tissues unless the mineral could be removed by a decalcification process. At the time, mineralized bone had to be cut with a saw into relatively thick sections, and ground to a desired thickness.
Tamoxifen Directly Interacts with the Dopamine Transporter

The selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen increases extracellular dopamine in vivo and acts as a neuroprotectant in models of dopamine neurotoxicity. We investigated the effect of tamoxifen on dopamine transporter (DAT)-mediated dopamine uptake, dopamine efflux, and [3H]WIN 35,428 [(-)-2-β-carbomethoxy-3-β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane] binding in rat striatal tissue. Tamoxifen dose-dependently blocked dopamine uptake (54% reduction at 10 μM) and amphetamine-stimulated efflux (59% reduction at 10 μM) in synaptosomes. It also produced a small but significant reduction in [3H]WIN 35,428 binding in striatal membranes, indicating a weak interaction with the substrate binding site in the DAT. Biotinylation and cysteine accessibility studies indicated that tamoxifen stabilizes the outward-facing conformation of the DAT in a cocaine-like manner and does not affect surface expression of the DAT. Additional studies with mutant DAT constructs D476A and I159A suggested a direct interaction between tamoxifen and a secondary substrate binding site of the transporter. Locomotor studies revealed that tamoxifen attenuates amphetamine-stimulated hyperactivity in rats but has no depressant or stimulant activity in the absence of amphetamine. These results suggest a complex mechanism of action for tamoxifen as a regulator of the DAT. Due to its effectiveness against amphetamine actions and its central nervous system permeant activity, the tamoxifen structure represents an excellent starting point for a structure-based drug-design program to develop a pharmacological therapeutic for psychostimulant abuse.
Silver diamine fluoride versus sodium fluoride for arresting dentine caries in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Dental caries can compromise quality of life and is associated with demineralization of tooth structure by organic acids produced by microorganisms. This study systematically reviewed the dentine caries arrest capabilities of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and sodium fluoride (NaF). A comprehensive search strategy was developed to identify the relevant publications in electronic databases and hand searched journals and reviews (to March 2018). By applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, only six papers (two randomized controlled trials, two follow-up articles and two secondary statistical analysis studies) were considered for full text qualitative and quantitative assessment. The included studies were critically appraised and statistically evaluated. Only four articles were considered for meta-analysis, as the other two were secondary analyses of included studies. When comparing the caries arrest lesions of SDF and NaF, SDF was found to be statistically more effective in dentine caries arrest of primary teeth during the 18 and 30 month clinical examinations. The weighted total effect size of the differences between SDF and NaF regarding arrested caries surfaces was calculated and showed nearly double the effectiveness of SDF to NaF at 30 months. Therefore, SDF is a more effective caries management reagent than NaF. Further clinical research is needed to consolidate the findings of this systematic review.
Nutritional Assessment in Inpatients With Cirrhosis Can Be Improved After Training and Is Associated With Lower Readmissions.

Malnutrition is widely prevalent in cirrhosis patients, which can worsen sarcopenia, hepatic encephalopathy (HE), and overall prognosis. We aimed to define the frequency of nutritional assessments of patients with cirrhosis in retrospective and prospective (after educational training) cohorts and to evaluate prospective changes along with their effects on 90-day readmissions. This study was conducted in 2 phases. Retrospectively, records of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis from the university and Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) settings were reviewed to assess nutritional status, if a nutrition consultation occurred, the number of days patients were nil per os (npo) and received inadequate nutrition, and if nutritional management was guideline directed. In the prospective phase, after dedicated educational efforts directed at the stakeholders regarding nutritional guidelines for patients with cirrhosis, subsequently hospitalized cirrhosis patients had nutritional and 90-day readmission data collected for comparison between groups. In total, 279 patients were included in the retrospective phase (150 university/129 VAMC), and 102 VAMC patients were in the prospective phase. Cirrhosis severity, reason for admission, and hospital course were similar between groups regardless of cohort, ie, prospective versus retrospective or VAMC versus university. The prospective group had significantly more nutritional consultations and assessments (74.5% versus 40.1%; P < 0.001) compared with the retrospective group regardless of comparisons between the VAMC and university cohorts. Both groups had a similar number of days npo, but the prospective group had fewer days of inadequate nutrition. The 90-day readmission rate was significantly lower in the prospective group versus the retrospective group (39.4% versus 28.4%; P = 0.04), which was associated with greater nutrition outpatient follow-up. In conclusion, nutritional consultation rates in inpatients with cirrhosis can be significantly improved after educational intervention and is associated with lower 90-day readmission rates.
An American Colony: Regionalism and the Roots of Midwestern Culture

Review of: "An American Colony: Regionalism and the Roots of Midwestern Culture," by Edward Watts
Left internal mammary artery side branch intervention in the management of coronary steal syndrome following coronary artery bypass grafting.

Objective The objective of this qualitative review is to summarize the pathophysiological and clinical data behind the clinical entity of left internal mammary artery (LIMA) side branch coronary steal as well as the potential diagnostic and therapeutic modalities available. Background The presence of persistent unligated LIMA side branches following coronary artery bypass grafting has previously been associated with stable angina and acute coronary syndromes. However, despite numerous attempts to objectively demonstrate a coronary steal phenomenon, the pathophysiology of LIMA side branch flow diversion remains elusive and the clinical utility of intervention is not well elucidated. Methods A review of literature and available data including case reports, case series, and investigational studies was performed. Results Therapeutic closure of LIMA side branches has been reported in at least 44 patients and in at least 31 publications since 1990 and is associated with an 87.5% rate of freedom from angina amongst technically successful initial interventions. In all patients with pre- and post- stress testing, intervention was associated with an improvement and/or resolution of previously observed reversible ischemia. Conclusions LIMA side branch coronary steal should remain an ongoing consideration in symptomatic patients with large unligated side branches on angiography, particularly when there is clear evidence of reversible ischemic on perfusion imaging.
Genetic influences on PTSD

Abstract Although trauma is common, the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is low, highlighting the need to examine predictors of trauma response. PTSD is moderately heritable, with molecular genetic studies, and, in particular, genome-wide association studies identifying several promising variants—although no significant hits have been replicated. Beyond the impact of inherited risk ascertained by sequence variation, increasing work has focused on DNA methylation (DNAm), which may impact gene activity without changing the underlying genetic code, and genetic function, measured by gene expression. DNAm studies suggest relevance of genes involved in immune functioning, inflammatory responses, and synaptic plasticity to PTSD. Studies of gene expression find effects of genes implicated in HPA axis functioning and those involved in inflammatory disease processes. In the chapter that follows, we summarize behavioral genetic studies on PTSD, review literature on molecular genetics, DNAm, and expression influences, before discussing unique considerations and conclusions.
Analyzing Suitability: Are Adult Web Resources on Physical Activity Clear "and" Useful?.

Education is central to promoting healthy, active lifestyles, but most educational materials may be less than suitable for public dissemination. Related kinesiology studies have mainly focused on t...
The Effect of Natural Distribution Shift on Question Answering Models

We build four new test sets for the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD) and evaluate the ability of question-answering systems to generalize to new data. Our first test set is from the original Wikipedia domain and measures the extent to which existing systems overfit the original test set. Despite several years of heavy test set re-use, we find no evidence of adaptive overfitting. The remaining three test sets are constructed from New York Times articles, Reddit posts, and Amazon product reviews and measure robustness to natural distribution shifts. Across a broad range of models, we observe average performance drops of 3.8, 14.0, and 17.4 F1 points, respectively. In contrast, a strong human baseline matches or exceeds the performance of SQuAD models on the original domain and exhibits little to no drop in new domains. Taken together, our results confirm the surprising resilience of the holdout method and emphasize the need to move towards evaluation metrics that incorporate robustness to natural distribution shifts.
Creep attenuation in glassy polymer nanocomposites with variable polymer-nanoparticle interactions.

The use of nanoparticle reinforced polymer matrices in continuous fiber composites for infrastructure applications requires a comprehensive understanding of viscoelastic creep. Critical parameters affecting the mechanical reinforcement offered by nanoparticles include nanoparticle size and concentration, as well as the interaction between the nanoparticle surface and polymer matrix. Here, we study the viscoelastic creep of nanocomposite systems comprised of glassy thermoplastic polymers and spherical silica nanoparticles of varying sizes and surface functionalization using a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) accelerated testing methodology. Significant differences in the nanoparticle dispersions in these nanocomposites were observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and are attributed to differences in the polymer–polymer and polymer–particle interaction strengths. The DMA measurements indicate a decrease in compliance at short times with increased nanoparticle loading that is largely independent of nanoparticle dispersion morphology and polymer–particle interaction strength. Conversely, long term creep behavior shows a much stronger dependence on these parameters with the creep onset time increasing by up to three orders of magnitude. For similar nanoparticle loadings, the time to critical deformation in systems with well-distributed, networked nanoparticle morphologies was larger by an order of magnitude compared to systems exhibiting strong nanoparticle aggregation. The networked systems delayed the time to critical deformation by three orders of magnitude over that of neat polymer. The increase in time to critical deformation is also greater in composites with smaller nanoparticles at similar loadings, which we attribute to the development of percolated nanoparticle networks. These results demonstrate the significant effects polymer–particle interactions and dispersion morphologies can have on the long-term creep compliance of thermoplastic nanocomposites.
Neuroendocrine Dysfunction in the Acute Setting of Penetrating Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.

Background Data on neuroendocrine dysfunction (NED) in the acute setting of penetrating brain injury (PBI) are scarce, and the clinical approach to diagnosis and treatment remains extrapolated from the literature on blunt head trauma. Methods Three databases were searched (PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane). Risk of bias was computed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, or the methodological quality of case series and case reports, as indicated. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (42020172163). Results Six relevant studies involving 58 patients with PBI were included. Two studies were prospective cohort analyses, whereas 4 were case reports. The onset of NED was acute in all studies, by the first postinjury day. Risk factors for NED included worse injury severity and the presence of cerebral edema on imaging. Dysfunction of the anterior hypophysis involved the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, treated with hormonal replacement, and hypocortisolism, treated with hydrocortisone. The prevalence of central diabetes insipidus was up to 41%. Most patients showed persistent NED months after injury. In separate reports, diabetes insipidus and hypocortisolism showed an association with higher mortality. The available literature for this review is poor, and the studies included had overall low quality with high risk of bias. Conclusions NED seems to be prevalent in the acute phase of PBI, equally involving both anterior and posterior hypophysis. Despite a potential association between NED and mortality, data on the optimal management of NED are limited. This situation defines the need for prospective studies to better characterize the clinical features and optimal therapeutic interventions for NED in PBI.
Evaluation of In-Office Cryoablation of Posterior Nasal Nerves for the Treatment of Rhinitis:

BackgroundChronic rhinitis is a common condition generally treated with medical therapies. However, 10–22% of patients are refractory to medical therapies. A cryotherapy handheld device targeting t...
An implicit discontinuous Galerkin finite element discrete Boltzmann method for high Knudsen number flows

Simulations of the discrete Boltzmann Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook equation are an important tool for understanding fluid dynamics in non-continuum regimes. Here, we introduce a discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for spatial discretization of the discrete Boltzmann equation for isothermal flows with high Knudsen numbers [ Kn ∼ O ( 1 )]. In conjunction with a high-order Runge–Kutta time marching scheme, this method is capable of achieving high-order accuracy in both space and time, while maintaining a compact stencil. We validate the spatial order of accuracy of the scheme on a two-dimensional Couette flow with Kn = 1 and the D2Q16 velocity discretization. We then apply the scheme to lid-driven micro-cavity flow at Kn = 1 , 2 , and 8, and we compare the ability of Gauss–Hermite (GH) and Newton–Cotes (NC) velocity sets to capture the high non-linearity of the flow-field. While the GH quadrature provides higher integration strength with fewer points, the NC quadrature has more uniformly distributed nodes with weights greater than machine-zero, helping to avoid the so-called ray-effect. Broadly speaking, we anticipate that the insights from this work will help facilitate the efficient implementation and application of high-order numerical methods for complex high Knudsen number flows.
Differences in Sociodemographic Disparities Between Patients Undergoing Surgery for Advanced Colorectal or Ovarian Cancer.

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for ovarian cancer with peritoneal metastases (OPM) is an established treatment, yet access-related racial and socioeconomic disparities are well documented. CRS for colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastases (CRPM) is garnering more widespread acceptance, and it is unknown what disparities exist with regards to access. This retrospective cross-sectional multicenter study analyzed medical records from the National Cancer Database from 2010 to 2015. Patients diagnosed with CRPM or ORP only and either no or confirmed resection were included. Patient- and facility-level characteristics were analyzed using uni- and multivariable logistic regressions to identify associations with receipt of CRS. A total of 6634 patients diagnosed with CRPM and 14,474 diagnosed with OPM were included in this study. Among patients with CRPM, 18.1% underwent CRS. On multivariable analysis, female gender (odds ratio [95% CI] 2.04 [1.77–2.35]; P < 0.001) and treatment at an academic or research facility (OR 1.55 [1.17–2.05]; P = 0.002) were associated with CRS. Among patients with OPM, 87.1% underwent CRS. On multivariable analysis, treatment at facilities with higher-income patient populations was positively associated with CRS, while age (OR 0.97 [0.96–0.98]; P < .0001), use of nonprivate insurance (OR 0.69 [0.56–0.85]; P = 0.001), and listed as Black (OR 0.62 [0.45–0.86]; P = 0.004) were negatively associated with CRS. There were more systemic barriers to CRS for patients with OPM than for patients with CRPM. As CRS becomes more widely practiced for CRPM, it is likely that more socioeconomic and demographic barriers will be elucidated.
Acentrosomal spindle assembly and stability in C. elegans oocytes requires a kinesin-12 non-motor microtubule interaction domain

During the meiotic divisions in oocytes, microtubules are sorted and organized by motor proteins to generate a bipolar spindle in the absence of centrosomes [1]. In most organisms, kinesin-5 family members crosslink and slide microtubules to generate outward force that promotes acentrosomal spindle bipolarity [2-7]. However, the mechanistic basis for how other kinesin families act on acentrosomal spindles has not been explored. We investigated this question in C. elegans oocytes, where kinesin-5 is not required to generate outward force [8]. Instead, the kinesin-12 family motor KLP-18 performs this function [9-12]. KLP-18 acts with adaptor protein MESP-1 (meiotic spindle 1) to sort microtubule minus ends to the periphery of a microtubule array, where they coalesce into spindle poles [12]. If either of these proteins is depleted, outward sorting of microtubules is lost and minus ends converge to form a monoaster. Here we use a combination of in vitro biochemical assays and in vivo mutant analysis to provide insight into the mechanism by which these proteins collaborate to promote acentrosomal spindle assembly. We identify a microtubule binding site on the C-terminal stalk of KLP-18 and demonstrate that a direct interaction between the KLP-18 stalk and MESP-1 activates non-motor microtubule binding. We also provide evidence that this C-terminal domain is required for KLP-18 activity during spindle assembly and show that KLP-18 is continuously required to maintain spindle bipolarity. This study thus provides new insight into the construction and maintenance of the oocyte acentrosomal spindle as well as into kinesin-12 mechanism and regulation.
Conversion of Nitrogen to Protein and Amino Acids in Wild Fruits

Protein content of plant tissues is usually estimated by multiplying total nitrogen by a conversion factor of 6.25. This technique assumes that all nitrogen originates from protein. When applied to fruit pulp, it overestimates protein content because pulp typically contains free amino acids and many nitrogenous secondary metabolites. At issue is the extent of error and, consequently, what the conversion factor between nitrogen and protein should be. We calculated a conversion factor based on pulp samples from 18 species collected in the southeastern United States. We also report a new and simple method of estimating protein and free amino acids in fruit pulp. Because previous studies have found high variation in protein and secondary metabolite content among fruit species, use of a single conversion factor for all species will generate error. In an attempt to reduce such error, we calculated protein contents and conversion factors separately for two common fruit types: lipid-rich/carbohydrate-poor and lipid-poor/carbohydrate-rich. We found no difference between these types of fruit and hence combined results in calculating an average conversion factor of 5.64. Use of an accurate conversion factor is important in estimating protein consumption by wild animals and in formulating diets of captive animals. It can also reveal whether loss of body mass in captive animals on fruit diets is due to insufficient protein consumption, secondary metabolite toxicity, or an imbalance of amino acids.
Two Bibliographical Resources for Foucault’s Work in English

Richard A. Lynch, Wabash College Michel Foucault is one of the most important figures in a generation for whom short, occasional pieces—including a wide variety of interviews as well as articles for both academic and popular journals—constitute an essential part of the thinker’s oeuvre. Dits et Ecrits, a monumental but not exhaustive collection of Foucault’s shorter works, gathers 364 pieces that supplement the dozen or so monographs that Foucault published and the handful of studies and collections that he directed or edited.1 Such shorter works are critical for an adequate understanding of the evolution and force of Foucault’s work. But a number of difficulties arise when one tries to work with these materials. First, many of these articles appear in multiple publications—often with different titles, sometimes in variant translations, and occasionally altered or edited—and it is not immediately obvious how one can determine which is which. And since the major bibliographies are all incomplete (each including at least a few publications that the others omit), there is no single source that can help to resolve these difficulties. I have created two bibliographical resources, available on the Michel Foucault: Resources website, to address these issues and facilitate access to these shorter texts. The first of these is a bibliography, Michel Foucault’s Shorter Works in English; the second is a cross‐reference of six bibliographies particularly useful for English‐language students of Foucault’s works. The bibliography aims to provide a single source for information about all of Foucault’s shorter works that are available in English. Therefore, the scope of this bibliography is strictly limited, but within those limits quite ambitious. It is limited in that the bibliography includes only shorter works, and only works available in English. Monographs, collections and studies (such as Moi, Pierre Riviere...), and the complete College de France courses are excluded, as is most personal correspondence (with a few exceptions for
Comparison of Spontaneous and Antibiotic-Induced L-Form Production in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

The ability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to grow as L-forms was found to be independent of the presence of an antibiotic inducing agent and colony type.
Multi-gigabit coherent communications using low-rate FEC to approach the Shannon capacity limit

Combining a rate-¼ forward error-correcting code, a coherent receiver, and an optical phase-locked loop yields near error-free performance with 2-dB photon-per-bit sensitivity, which is <3-dB from the Shannon limit for a rate-¼, pre-amplified, coherent receiver.
Developmental remodeling of corticocortical feedback circuits in ferret visual cortex.

Visual cortical areas in the mammalian brain are linked through a system of interareal feedforward and feedback connections, which presumably underlie different visual functions. We characterized the refinement of feedback projections to primary visual cortex (V1) from multiple sources in juvenile ferrets ranging in age from four to ten weeks postnatal. We studied whether the refinement of different aspects of feedback circuitry from multiple visual cortical areas proceeds at a similar rate in all areas. We injected the neuronal tracer cholera toxin B (CTb) into V1, and mapped the areal and laminar distribution of retrogradely labeled cells in extrastriate cortex. Around the time of eye opening at four weeks postnatal, the retinotopic arrangement of feedback appears essentially adultlike; however, Suprasylvian cortex supplies the greatest proportion of feedback, whereas area 18 supplies the greatest proportion in the adult. The density of feedback cells and the ratio of supragranular/infragranular feedback contribution declined in this period at a similar rate in all cortical areas. We also find significant feedback to V1 from layer IV of all extrastriate areas. The regularity of cell spacing, the proportion of feedback arising from layer IV, and the tangential extent of feedback in each area all remained essentially unchanged during this period, except for the infragranular feedback source in area 18 which expanded. Thus, while much of the basic pattern of cortical feedback to V1 is present before eye opening, there is major synchronous reorganization after eye opening, suggesting a crucial role for visual experience in this remodeling process.
Rheological Property Measurements on Viscoelastic Tribological Nanosystems

This paper presents some results of rheological measurements on viscoelastic tribological nanosystems. Conventional standard and in-house made custom equipments and techniques were used to measure the rheological properties of the test liquid lubricants at different shear rates and temperatures.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN VARIATIONS IN PARENTS‘ ATTITUDES AND PERSONALITY TRAITS OF HEMOPHILIC BOYS

Personality traits of hemophilic boys and variations in parental attitudes were assessed by standardized self-report instruments and found to be significantly related, both across personality and for specific traits. Trait values for intelligence, emotional stability, and security were positively linked to parental acceptance. Unlike past clinical reports, parents here scored high in acceptance and low in overprotection and overindulgence.
Interventions in dementia care: Responding to the call for alternatives to restraints:

A variety of interventions are used to manage or accommodate agitated behaviors and to support the strengths of persons with dementia. In this article, a taxonomy of seven domains of caregiving approaches are described with examples from caregiving contexts in adult day care and home environments. These findings are part of a larger qualitative study designed to describe and classify interventions in dementia care and to explore factors influencing caregiving approaches. The most frequently reported interventions were social and psychological approaches, and these findings support the application of a social model for dementia care. Twenty-nine interventions in seven domains extend the range of caregiving approaches which can be used as alternatives to physical and chemical restraints in dementia care.
Further Development of Rotating Rake Mode Measurement Data Analysis

The Rotating Rake mode measurement system was designed to measure acoustic duct modes generated by a fan stage. After analysis of the measured data, the mode amplitudes and phases were quantified. For low-speed fans within axisymmetric ducts, mode power levels computed from rotating rake measured data would agree with the far-field power levels on a tone by tone basis. However, this agreement required that the sound from the noise sources within the duct propagated outward from the duct exit without reflection at the exit and previous studies suggested conditions could exist where significant reflections could occur. To directly measure the modes propagating in both directions within a duct, a second rake was mounted to the rotating system with an offset in both the axial and the azimuthal directions. The rotating rake data analysis technique was extended to include the data measured by the second rake. The analysis resulted in a set of circumferential mode levels at each of the two rake microphone locations. Radial basis functions were then least-squares fit to this data to obtain the radial mode amplitudes for the modes propagating in both directions within the duct. The fit equations were also modified to allow evanescent mode amplitudes to be computed. This extension of the rotating rake data analysis technique was tested using simulated data, numerical code produced data, and preliminary in-duct measured data.