cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inducing lifestyle regularity in recovering bipolar disorder patients: results from the maintenance therapies in bipolar disorder protocol.

On the basis of theories we articulated in earlier papers (Ehlers et al 1988: Arch Gen Psychiatry 45:948–952, 1993: Depression 1:285–293), we have developed an adjunctive psychosocial intervention for patients with bipolar 1 disorder. Central to this intervention is the establishment of regularity in daily routines. In this report, we present data from a controlled investigation comparing this new treatment, interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT), with a conventional medication clinic approach. Despite comparable changes in symptomatology over a treatment period lasting up to 52 weeks, subjects assigned to IPSRT ( n = 18) show significantly greater stability ( p = .047) of daily routines with increasing time in treatment, while subjects assigned to the medication clinic condition ( n = 20) show essentially no change in their social routines as measured by Social Rhythm Metric (SRM—Monk et al 1990: J Nerv Ment Dis 178(2): 120–126) score. We conclude that IPSRT is capable of influencing lifestyle regularity in patients with bipolar 1 disorder, with the possible benefit of protection against future affective episodes.
Conformational energies and unperturbed chain dimensions of poly(phenylmethylsilylene) and poly(silastyrene)

Calcul a l'aide des techniques de mecanique moleculaire de la structure moleculaire et les energies conformationnelles de composes modeles des polymeres (SiPhMe) n et (SiPhH-SiH 2 ) n dans leur forme isotactique et syndiotactique. Calcul a partir de ces valeurs a l'aide de la theorie RIS des dimensions de chaine non perturbees et de leur coefficient de temperature
Middle atmosphere heating by exothermic chemical reactions involving odd-hydrogen species

The rate of heating which occurs in the middle atmosphere due to four exothermic reactions involving members of the odd-hydrogen family is calculated. The following reactions are considered: O + OH yields O2 + H; H + O2 + M yields HO2 + M; H + O3 yields OH + O2; and O + HO2 yields OH + O2. It is shown that the heating rates due to these reactions rival the oxygen-related heating rates conventionally considered in middle-atmosphere models. The conversion of chemical potential energy into molecular translational energy (heat) by these odd-hydrogen reactions is shown to be a significant energy source in the middle atmosphere that has not been previously considered.
A Note: The Changing Gender Demographics of U.S. Drivers

Objective: This study examined recent trends in gender differences in the percentage of persons with driver's licenses as a function of age by comparing data from 2010 and 1995. Method: The analysis used data from the Federal Highway Administration and the U.S. Census Bureau. Results: There are 2 main findings. First, the percentage of males with a driver's license decreased from 1995 to 2010 for those younger than 60; for females a decrease occurred for those younger than 50. Second, in 2010, proportionally more males younger than 45 had a driver's license than was the case for females; the opposite relationship held for persons 45 and older. Conclusions: The observed gender trends in driver licensing will likely have major implications on the extent and nature of vehicle demand, energy consumption, and road safety.
THEORETICAL FORMULAS FOR TEMPERATURES IN CANS OF SOLID FOOD AND FOR EVALUATING VARIOUS HEAT PROCESSES

ABSTRACT— A general solution is obtained for transient temperature distributions in a finite cylinder by applying several integral transformations to heat conduction equation when it is subjected to time variable surface temperatures. From this general solution, various formulas for temperature distributions are derived for five different surface temperature-processing time relationships. By using these derived formulas, we obtain formulas for these two parameters: slope indices and intercept coefficients of heating or cooling curves of cylindrical cans of conductive food. Expressions are also derived for estimating sterilizing values during a come-up period of the heat process and also during the sinusoidal fluctuation of retort temperature.
Traveling Waves and Power Waves: Building a Solid Foundation for Microwave Circuit Theory

Microwave equivalent-circuit theory is like a grand old building: elegant, carefully crafted, passed from generation to generation, and rooted in history. Traveling waves, the measureable electromagnetic field solutions of Maxwell's equations in a transmission line, form the foundation of the theory. You must descend into the basement to see them; not many people do so. It is in this "basement" that I have had the privilege of working on the foundations of the microwave circuit theory with Roger Marks, Bradley Alpert, and others. Together, we explored the underpinnings of the theory and worked toward building a better understanding of microwave equivalent-circuit theory and how it can be applied to the lossy printed transmission lines ubiquitous in modern microwave electronics.
High current density copper-on-copper sliding electrical contacts at low sliding velocities

Metal fiber brushes are of interest in many high current density applications due to their high conductivity and low wear rates in humid environments. The frictional properties and wear behavior of a copper fiber brush sliding against a copper counterface in humid environments under high current densities (180 A/cm2) were investigated at low sliding velocities (10 mm/s). A linear reciprocating tribometer integrated with a scanning white light interferometer was used to acquire volume loss measurements of the copper counterface. Counterface wear was found to be independent of both the direction of current flow and the presence of current. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed carbonate species in all wear tracks after testing in humidified carbon dioxide. Only slight differences in the relative amounts of oxide on the counterface wear tracks were observed. Effects of water adsorption on friction coefficient and contact resistance were studied by varying the temperature of the counterface while maintaining a constant ambient temperature and humidity in carbon dioxide and argon environments. As sample temperature increased above the ambient temperature, both friction coefficient and contact resistance increased. Friction coefficient was lower for the carbon dioxide environment, which may be related to the presence of the carbonate species in the wear track region.
Trajectory Tracking with Parallel Robots Using Low Chattering, Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller

This paper proposes a trajectory tracking scheme which belongs to the sliding mode control (SMC) for the 4-degree-of-freedom (DOF) parallel robots. Two fuzzy logic systems (FLS) are first put forward to replace the constant switching control gain and the width of the boundary layer. The fuzzy adaptive supervisory controller (FASC) is combined with the fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) to further reduce the chattering. The design is simple and less fuzzy rules are required. The simulation results demonstrate that the chattering of the SMC is reduced greatly and the parallel robot realizes the trajectory tracking with very good robustness to the parameter uncertainties and external disturbances.
Fostering Capacity: The Role of Faith-Based Congregations in the Child Welfare System in the United States

Abstract This article focuses on recent collaborative efforts between child welfare agencies and local congregations to recruit foster families. Drawing on in-depth interviews with persons involved in collaborations of this type, the article discusses the advantages and pitfalls associated with faith-based collaboration in the child welfare system. The major advantages seem to accrue both in congregations' strong religious motivations to care for children and the supportive social network provided by congregations. Potential pitfalls include a lack of flexibility and possible conflicts that could arise from unwanted proselytization of foster children. The article concludes with suggestions for future empirical inquiry that flow from these exploratory qualitative findings.
Fiber Optic Gyros - A Compelling Choice for High Precision Applications

Fiber Optic Gyros (FOGs) have been in production at Honeywell over the last two decades. This paper presents an overview of our efforts and successes in realizing instruments to meet the demands of very high precision and severe environmental conditions.
A Multilayered Fuzzy Controller for a Mobile Robot

This paper describes a multi-layered fuzzy control algorithm to control an autonomous mobile robot capable of reaching a pre-defined destination without any human intervention. This control algorithm is divided into three different layers to control the robot in different environments. The first layer, orientation layer, helps the robot align itself in the direction of the destination. The second layer, PD layer, helps the robot navigation through passageways. The third layer, obstacle avoidance, keeps the robot away from any obstacles in its path. This multi-layered navigational algorithm is implemented on an autonomous mobile robot built on a modular platform consisting of three modules: the sensor module, the motor driver module, and the supervisor module. The experimental results show that the autonomous mobile robot moves efficiently through different passageways, avoiding all the obstacles in its path.
Celiac artery aneurysms: historic (1745-1949) versus contemporary (1950-1984) differences in etiology and clinical importance.

Abstract Celiac artery aneurysms were encountered in nine patients, ranging in age from 39 to 76 years, at the University of Michigan Medical Center between 1961 and 1983. Developmental defects and atherosclerosis were etiologic factors in six cases. Four patients were without symptoms, whereas five experienced abdominal pain, including one with a ruptured aneurysm. Eight patients were subjected to surgical treatment; no deaths occurred and symptoms were resolved in all patients. A literature review of 108 celiac artery aneurysms revealed two distinct subgroups. Among 60 celiac artery aneurysms encountered before 1950, representing the historic era, 40% were infectious (usually luetic), 7% were traumatic, and 52% were of undetermined cause. Most were symptomatic, 87% ruptured, and 95% were diagnosed at postmortem examination. The contemporary era since 1950 consisted of 48 cases, including nine in the Michigan experience. Congenital or developmental medial defects of the arterial wall and atherosclerosis were the most common causes of aneurysms. Most aneurysms in the contemporary period were either asymptomatic or accompanied by vague abdominal discomfort. Rupture affected 13% of those aneurysms. Operative therapy was successfully undertaken in 91% of 43 patients during the contemporary era, including eight in the present series. (J VASC SURG 1985;2:757-64.)
Projected Impact of Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill on U.S. Gulf Coast Wetlands

Th e Deepwater Horizon spill oiled coastal wetland ecosystems along the northern Gulf of Mexico. We present data on probable impacts and recovery of these impacted wetlands. Based on numerous greenhouse and fi eld studies conducted primarily in coastal Louisiana, we suggest that marsh vegetation will recover naturally without need for intensive remediation. Oiled marshes may reduce the availability of habitat for mobile fi sh species, resulting in their translocation to unimpacted areas. Impacts on benthic organisms may result in shift s in microbial community structure, but they will probably recover in lightly oil-impacted areas. Th e degradation rate or length of time oil remains in impacted wetlands depends on environmental conditions. Oil-impacted soils already contain adequate indigenous microorganisms capable of degradation under suitable environmental conditions. Nutrient addition, especially N, may increase the rate of oil biodegradation when sediment nutrient levels are low, but O 2 availability appears to be the most important variable controlling oil degradation in marsh soils. Oil impacts on sediment O 2 demand and restriction in O 2 exchange at the sediment-water interface can alter biogeochemical processes and gaseous exchange (CO 2 and CH 4 ) with the atmosphere. Even though there were harmful impacts resulting from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, prior research has demonstrated that Gulf Coast marshes are resilient and can recover. Th is view is supported by fi eld observations of new shoots appearing in heavily oiled marshes 1 yr follow- ing the spill. Even though this review shows that Gulf Coast marshes have a high natural recovery potential, many ecological processes have not been adequately quantifi ed or identifi ed.
A Curriculum Based on Systems Theory

This paper describes an entry-level curriculum based on systems theaty that was designed to promote inte­ grated thinking and a shared image ofpractice among all ofthe membersofan educational commu­ nitv that included students, facult)" and clinicians. Initiated in 1983, the program integrates occupational therapv theor)!, critical thinking, and knowledge about person-environmental transactions with tradi­ tional medical, biological, ps)'chological, and socio­ logical course work to create a unique educational experience. The curriculum model is based on a spi­ rallearning process that encourages integrated think­ ing. Furthermore, all concepts are systematicallv tied to the occupation core, the central theme 0/the pro­ gram. Fieldwork is used to reinforce ideas presented in the classroom cmdfeatures discrete learning exper­ iences where students demonstrate their integration of knowledge and skills. in an evaluation ofthe program, re:-;pr)7?Ses./i"Oll1 78 clinician, 51 alumni, and 132 student question­ naires, feedback from 132 fieldwork supervisors; and longitudinal data./i-011133 alumni confirmed that graduates are critical thinkers 7.uho appreciate the di­ uerse needs ofclients while demonstrating an appre­ ciation for the curative effect of meaningjitf, goal-di­ rected actiuities
ECOLOGY OF YELLOWSTONE THERMAL EFFLUENT SYSTEMS: NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND SPECIES DIVERSITY OF A SUCCESSIONAL BLUE-GREEN ALGAL MAT1

Net primary production and species diversity were studied during the successional development of a thermal blue-green algal community on a linear series of wooden troughs, The source spring was high in dissolved silica and CO,. During July-August 1968 net primary production (minus grazing and export) was 25 kcal rnw2 days-l on board 1 and decreased downstream to 17 kcal m-a days-l on board 4. Linear incrcascs in standing crop were observed during the first month of succession, An identical pattern of productivity and mat increase was observed during August-September 1969. Measurements of particulate export in the second year indicated that as much as 22% of total net production (minus grazing and dissolved organic export) may be lost via this pathway. Efficiencies of conversion of solar energy ranged from l&1.6%. The chlorophyll content per gram organic matter increased and the ratio of OD 480:665 nm decreased with successional age of the mat. Species diversity (B) peaked after 2 weeks and increased with distance from the source. Although ten species of blue-green algae were recognized, three made up most of the volume. Phormidium was dominant during the first few days but declined in importance as Mastigocladus increased, After 3 weeks a species of Oscillatoria increased; its volume varying directly with distance from the source. A hypothesis naming free COO as an important nutrient limiting the growth rate of the mat is developed.
Promoter analysis of a light‐regulated gene encoding hydroxypyruvate reductase, an enzyme of the photorespiratory glycolate pathway

Summary Hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR) is a peroxisomal enzyme that catalyzes the NADH-dependent reduction of hydroxypyruvate to glycerate in the photorespiratory glycolate pathway. HPR gene expression in cucumber seedlings is organ-specific and light-regulated. A 5.7 kb fragment of cucumber genomic DNA containing the entire HPR-encoding gene, hpr-A, plus 1069 bp OF 5′ flanking sequence was introduced into tobacco, as was a construct consisting of the upstream region (positions - 1069 to +43) of the hpr-A gene fused to the s-glucoronidase (GUS) reporter gene. Both constructs were expressed in the transgenic plants in an organspecific and light-dependent manner. A deletion analysis of the 5’flanking sequence of the hpr-A gene was conducted in transgenic tobacco. A construct in which the 5′-flanking region had been deleted to within 299 bases of the transcription start site was sufficient to confer a high level of light-regulated expression on the hpr-A gene in the transgenic plants. However, deletion to position -218 resulted in a substantial reduction in expression. The region between positions -299 and -218 contains sequences resembling the 1 box and G box elements that are associated with other light-regulated genes.
Instructional design in a chemistry laboratory course: The impact of structure and aptitudes on performance and attitudes

Elements of instructional design such as explicitly stated objectives, reviews, examples, questions, and feedback were incorporated into the laboratory manual and instruction for a unit on kinetics in a college laboratory course. This treatment (high structure) was given to five sections of students (N = 109), while a laboratory manual and instructions that emphasized informational content without the use of these design strategies (low structure) was given to another five sections (N = 108) taught by the same instructors. The students receiving the additional structure scored significantly higher on a quiz, took less time to solve a set of laboratory problems, and felt more satisfied with the instruction provided. There were no differences between groups in their comfort with the knowledge acquired. There were no interactions with performance outcomes, but several occurred for attitudes, treatments, and personality measures. The more conforming the students, the more satisfied they were with the instruction in the high-structured group and the less they liked it in the low-structured group. The more motivated the students, the more they liked the instruction in the high-structure treatment, and even more in the low-structure group. There was also a complex interaction among treatment, anxiety, ability, and treatment satisfaction.
Evaluating online ad campaigns in a pipeline: causal models at scale

Display ads proliferate on the web, but are they effective? Or are they irrelevant in light of all the other advertising that people see? We describe a way to answer these questions, quickly and accurately, without randomized experiments, surveys, focus groups or expert data analysts. Doubly robust estimation protects against the selection bias that is inherent in observational data, and a nonparametric test that is based on irrelevant outcomes provides further defense. Simulations based on realistic scenarios show that the resulting estimates are more robust to selection bias than traditional alternatives, such as regression modeling or propensity scoring. Moreover, computations are fast enough that all processing, from data retrieval through estimation, testing, validation and report generation, proceeds in an automated pipeline, without anyone needing to see the raw data.
Making Babies by the Flip of a Coin

Many probability and genetics textbooks pose standard questions about eye color, birth defects, sexes of children, and so on. Solutions to these questions, specifically about sexes, generally make two assumptions: first, that a randomly selected embryo is equally likely to be male or female; second, that the sexes of successive children from the same parents are independent. In other words, probabilists (and some geneticists) treat sexes of children like flips of a fair coin: two possible outcomes, each equally likely, with outcomes independent from trial to trial. But are these assumptions realistic? Demographic data suggest that neither a balance of sexes nor true independence exist in nature. Yet most textbooks, both in genetics and probability theory, continue to use the binomial distribution as an acceptable approximation for solving genetics problems involving live-birth sex ratios in species where sex is determined by an XX versus XY chromosome mechanism. We look at a widely circulated article in P...
Wall shear stress and velocity in a turbulent axisymmetric boundary layer

Instantaneous streamwise fluctuations of the wall shear stress have been measured using a hot-element probe in a thick axisymmetric turbulent boundary layer on a cylinder aligned parallel to the flow. The measurements were made at a momentum-thickness Reynolds number Rθ = 3050 and a ratio of boundary-layer thickness to cylinder radius of δ/a = 5.7. The ratio of the r.m.s. of the fluctuation to the mean value of the wall shear stress, , is about 0.32, a value slightly lower than that for recent measurements for flow over a flat plate. The probability density function of the wall shear stress is similar to that for planar wall-bounded flows within experimental error. The power spectral density of the wall shear stress shows that a cylindrical boundary layer contains less energy at lower frequencies and more energy at higher frequencies than other wall-bounded flows. Analysis of simultaneous measurement of the streamwise wall shear stress and the streamwise velocity using VITA and peak detection suggests that transverse curvature has little effect on the near-wall burst–sweep cycle compared to planar wall-bounded flows. The angle of inclination of the structures is similar to that measured for large-scale structures in planar wall-bounded flows. However, measurements of the cross-correlation between the shear stress and the velocity suggest the existence of smaller structures yawed to the axis of the cylinder. The coherence between shear stress and velocity shows a low frequency associated with the inclined structures and a higher frequency associated with the yawed structures. The yawed structures could have an arrowhead or half-arrowhead shape and may be associated with fluid from the outer flow washing over the cylinder.
An efficiency-enhanced auto-reconfigurable 2x/3x SC charge pump for transcutaneous power transmission

An auto-reconfigurable 2x/3x switched-capacitor charge pump (SC-CP) for transcutaneous power transmission is presented in this paper. The proposed SC-CP can automatically configure its own voltage conversion ratio by adaptive control circuitry for maintaining high efficiencies of the DC/DC regulator under coupling variations. An adaptive deadtime control is developed to improve the efficiency of the proposed SCCP by minimizing the shoot-through current. Implemented in a standard 0.35-μm n-well CMOS process, the proposed SC-CP achieves peak power efficiencies of 95% (2x) and 92% (3x). The efficiency of the DC/DC regulator with the proposed SC-CP is improved by ≫25%, compared to that using the conventional 3x SC-CP, when the input voltage varies from 1.6V to 2.4V.
Orbitofrontal Contributions to Human Working Memory

Although cognitive neuroscience has made remarkable progress in understanding the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in human memory, the necessity of the orbitofrontal cortex for key competencies of working memory remains largely unexplored. We therefore studied human brain lesion patients to determine whether the orbitofrontal cortex is necessary for working memory function, administering subtests of the Wechsler memory scale, the Wechsler adult intelligence scale, and the n-back task to 3 participant groups: orbitofrontal lesions (n = 24), prefrontal lesions not involving orbitofrontal cortex (n = 40), and no brain lesions (n = 54). Orbitofrontal damage was reliably associated with deficits on neuropsychological tests involving the coordination of working memory maintenance, manipulation, and monitoring processes (n-back task) but not on pure tests of working memory maintenance (digit/spatial span forward) or manipulation (digit/spatial span backward and letter-number sequencing). Our findings elucidate a central component of the neural architecture of working memory, providing key neuropsychological evidence for the necessity of the orbitofrontal cortex in executive control functions underlying the joint maintenance, manipulation, and monitoring of information in working memory.
Distance field transform with an adaptive iteration method

We propose a novel distance field transform method based on an iterative method adaptively performed on an evolving active band. Our method utilizes a narrow band to store active grid points being computed. Unlike the conventional fast marching method, we do not maintain a priority queue, and instead, perform iterative computing inside the band. This new algorithm alleviates the programming complexity and the data-structure (e.g. a heap) maintenance overhead, and leads to a parallel amenable computational process. During the active band propagating from a starting boundary layer, each grid point stays in the band for a lifespan time, which is determined by analyzing the particular geometric property of the grid structure. In this way, we find the Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) grid is a good 3D structure for distance transform.We further develop a multiple-segment method for the band propagation, achieving the computational complexity of O(m · N) with a segment-related constant m.
Reasonable Accommodations and Awkward Compromises: Issues Concerning Learning Disabled Students and Professional Schools in the Law School Context

Under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, colleges and universities are prohibited from discriminating against qualified students with learning disabilities and must reasonably accommodate such disabilities so that students have a genuine opportunity to complete academic programs successfully. Not surprisingly, just like their non-disabled peers, a number of learning disabled college graduates are choosing to enter professions such as law and medicine. Their entry into professional schools has raised a number of legal issues concerning their qualification to matriculate, their need for accommodations, and their eventual ability to practice successfully. This article discusses each of these issues in the specific context of legal education after providing general explanations of learning disabilities and of the federal statutes governing the rights of learning disabled students.
Infrared Spectroscopy of Planets and Stars

Infrared spectroscopy of the brighter planets and stars has been performed, and sample spectra of some objects are presented; the sensitivity limit for this purpose of scanning spectrometers is discussed. The spectrometer which has been used for three years is described. Advantages of a two-beam interferometer and its sensitivity increase are also presented.
Phenotypic Effects of Leptin in an Ectotherm: A New Tool to Study the Evolution of Life Histories and Endothermy?

Leptin is a hormone that regulates energy expenditure and body mass in mammals, and it has attracted considerable attention because of its potential in treating human obesity. Comprehensive data from both pathological and non-pathological systems strongly support a role for leptin in regulating energy metabolism, in thermoregulation and in regulating the onset of puberty. We report here that daily injections of recombinant murine leptin in fence lizards (Sceloporus undulatus) produce phenotypic effects similar to those observed when leptin injections are given to mice. Lizards injected with leptin had body temperatures 0.6 degrees C higher, ate 30 % less food and showed a 14 % reduction in activity rates, and females showed a 2. 5-fold increase in resting metabolic rates, compared with lizards injected with vehicle only (phosphate-buffered saline). We also detected native lizard leptin using an immunoassay. Our results indicate that leptin is expressed in ectotherms and may be conserved both functionally and structurally. In the wake of unprecedented research activity on the role of leptin as a cause of, and potential treatment for, human obesity, we believe that other applications of leptin research have been ignored. For example, the response of lizards to leptin injection in our study has important implications for two broad areas of research in evolutionary biology: the evolution of age at first reproduction and of endothermy. We argue that research in these areas, previously limited to comparative approaches, may now benefit from experimental manipulations using leptin.
Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part II. Schizopathidae

The family of antipatharian corals, Schizopathidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia), is revised. The family is characterized by polyps elongated in the direction of the axis and having a transverse diameter of 2 mm or more. Genera are recognized on the basis of morphological features of the corallum. Schizopathes Brook (type species: S. crassa Brook) has a simple, pinnate corallum with a hook-like holdfast for support in soft sediments. Bathypathes Brook (type species: B. patula Brook) is characterized by a simple pinnate corallum and a flat discoidal basal plate for attaching to a solid substrate. Parantipathes Brook (type species: Antipathes larix Esper) has a largely monopodial corallum with simple pinnules in six or more rows. Taxipathes Brook (type species: T. recta Brook) has a branched corallum and simple pinnules in four to eight rows. Lillipathes gen. nov. (type species: Antipathes lilliei Totton) has simple pinnules in four rows. Stauropathes gen. nov. (type species: S. staurocrada spec. nov.) is branched with simple, bilateral, subopposite pinnules. Abyssopathes gen. nov. (type species: Bathypathes lyra Brook) is monopodial with two rows of simple, lateral pinnules and one (sometimes multiple) row of simple or branched anterior pinnules. Dendrobathypathes gen. nov. (type species: D. grandis spec. nov.) has a branched, planar corallum with two rows of subpinnulated primary pinnules. Saropathes gen. nov. (type species: Bathypathes scoparia Totton) is monopodial to sparsely branched, with four rows of subpinnulated primary pinnules.
Using the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child model: implications for practice.

BACKGROUND: Schools, school districts, and communities seeking to implement the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model should carefully and deliberately select planning, implementation, and evaluation strategies. METHODS: In this article, we identify strategies, steps, and resources within each phase that can be integrated into existing processes that help improve health outcomes and academic achievement. Implementation practices may vary across districts depending upon available resources and time commitments. RESULTS: Obtaining and maintaining administrative support at the beginning of the planning phase is imperative for identifying and implementing strategies and sustaining efforts to improve student health and academic outcomes. Strategy selection hinges on priority needs, community assets, and resources identified through the planning process. Determining the results of implementing the WSCC is based upon a comprehensive evaluation that begins during the planning phase. Evaluation guides success in attaining goals and objectives, assesses strengths and weaknesses, provides direction for program adjustment, revision, and future planning, and informs stakeholders of the effect of WSCC, including the effect on academic indicators. CONCLUSIONS: With careful planning, implementation, and evaluation efforts, use of the WSCC model has the potential of focusing family, community, and school education and health resources to increase the likelihood of better health and academic success for students and improve school and community life in the present and in the future. Language: en
The Role of Systemic Inflammation in COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined as a preventable and treatable disease with significant extrapulmonary effects. Many of the extra-pulmonary effects of COPD are thought to be mediated by systemic inflammation. Local inflammation has always been appreciated as part of the COPD ­disease ­process; however, it is becoming clear that the inflammatory response is also ­systemic. There are multiple theories about the mechanisms driving the systemic inflammation associated with COPD. However, there is no consensus on which theory is correct. The systemic inflammation likely contributes to systemic manifestations of COPD, including cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, weight loss, osteoporosis and diabetes.
Somewhat at Sea: Public Use and Third-Party Transfer Limits in Two US States

This article analyzes how two states, Michigan and Louisiana, have defined the scope of a permissible public use for expropriation and imposed constitutional, statutory and judicial limits on state and local governmental power to expropriate private property and transfer it to other private parties and other public actors. Both states have played prominent roles in debates over the propriety of economic development takings in the last several decades. In Michigan, the highest court famously permitted such takings in Poletown Neighborhood Council v. City of Detroit before reversing itself in County of Wayne v Hathcock. After Kelo v. City of New London, Michigan moved to impose strict constitutional prohibitions on economic development takings and strengthened compensation rights for residential property owners, residential tenants and other parties affected by expropriation. The first part of this paper traces that history and highlights the crucial role played by the constitutional framework developed by Michigan Supreme Court Justice Thomas M. Cooley in several late 19th century decisions and in his well-known treatise on constitutional law. Louisiana enacted strict constitutional prohibitions on economic development takings and third-party transfers in reaction to Kelo. After Hurricane Katrina, however, Louisiana struggled to modify those strict limits as it became clear that the demands of post-disaster community revitalization would require a more flexible approach to blight expropriation and subsequent thirty-party transfers. Moreover, at least one state court decision threatens to create a significant loophole in Louisiana’s strict constitutional limits on third-party transfers by approving an expropriating entity’s creative, but formalistic disguise of such transfers in quasi-feudal property forms. The article demonstrates that in states in which expropriation plays a crucial role responding to economic crises and natural disasters, courts and legislatures’ control over expropriation can reveal significant internal contradiction even as courts and legislatures display skepticism regarding the propriety of post-expropriation third-party transfers. Public use restrictions, third-party transfer prohibitions and compensation rules can prove to be highly malleable legal concepts.
THE ACQUIRED CLOTTING DEFECT (HYPOFIBRINOGENEMIA) IN PREGNANCY. FURTHER OBSERVATIONS.

Abstract The acquired clotting defect of pregnancy associated with some degree of hypofibrinogenemia has been discussed and reviewed within the context of the controversies surrounding the various etiologic hypotheses. Additional types of cases have been presented in which this syndrome may be encountered. It is apparent that in certain of these patients the pathophysiology encompasses many variables and these must be recognized if the treatment is to be entirely effective.
Recognizing postmodern intersectional identities in leadership for early childhood

Current interest in the development of leadership capacity within the early childhood profession provides an important opportunity to critically examine our field’s conceptualizations of leadership. Modernist binary leader/follower conceptions are not reflective of contemporary scholarship describing identities as multiple, dynamic, socially constituted, negotiated, complex and like the self, undergoing continuous transformation. Additionally, linear descriptions of leadership development contrast with research documenting professional growth and change as a nonlinear, cyclical, and contextually influenced process, and deny the existence of power relationships that afford and constrain the multiple and intersecting identities of practitioners in the early childhood field. Drawing on a multilevel model of intersectionality, we problematize how identities are described in discussions of early childhood leadership and propose the need to revisit, revise, and reimagine leadership concepts for our field by adv...
Near Band Gap Photoluminescence Broadening In n-Gan Films

This paper addresses the broadening mechanism of the near band gap photoluminescence in GaN films doped n-type with silicon. The films were produced by plasma assisted MBE and their carrier concentration was varied systematically from 1015 to 1020 cm−3. The photoluminescence was excited with a 10 mW He-Cd laser at 77K. At low carrier conentration ( 1018 cm−3 ) the FWHM increase monotonically with the carrier concentration up to about 120 meV. The broadening of the line at high carrier concentration is attributed to impurity band broadening and tailing of the density of states. The data were quantitatively analyzed, as a function of carrier concentration and compensation ratio, using the impurity band broadening model of Morgan [1] and the agreement between model and experimental data supports the model’s validity and suggest a potential method of determining the compensation in degenerate semiconductors.
Effect of paclobutrazol on Douglas fir and loblolly pine

SummaryPaclobutrazol significantly reduced the growth of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) seedlings when applied as a soil drench to newly germinated, container-grown trees. Shoot growth, in general, was inhibited more than root growth. Older trees (three and nine years old) were not affected appreciably by soil drench or stem injection of the growth regulator. Dose response varied significantly among half-sib families for nearly all growth traits. The utility of paclobutrazol as a growth regulating agent in conifer seed orchards appears to be limited, although the chemical may find use in container-grown conifer nurseries.
Ghosts of Macau: The Last Time I Saw Macao’s haunting transnational performance

AbstractThis essay analyzes The Last Time I Saw Macao, the first feature-length joint effort from Portuguese director Joao Pedro Rodrigues and his longtime collaborator Joao Rui Guerra da Mata. Rodrigues transposes his previous studies of individuals living on the fringes of Portuguese society onto the global stage, investigating the unique transnational position of Macau, a locale caught between the borders of China, Portugual, and exociticized media memories. Providing a glimmer of familiar film noir conventions which are swiftly jettisoned in favor of a decentered narrative and the abandonment of human subjects, Rodrigues and Guerra da Mata's film invites the viewer to observe a performance of transnationalism taking place on the hybridized stage of Macau. This essay will argue that The Last Time I Saw Macao is not only a thorough examination of the complex post-colonial power relations that exist between Portugal and Macau but also an opposite example of the ‘decentered subjectivities’ and ‘new realis...
Effects of Counterions with Multiple Charges on the Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Polymethine Salts

Counterions with multiple charges have been used to organize polymethines into multichromophore salt complexes. The intramolecular Coulombic interactions between multiply charged counterions and polymethines can play a significant role in modifying intermolecular interactions (i.e., aggregation). Here, we report a detailed study of the linear and nonlinear optical properties of such complexes with dications and hexacations over a large range of molecular concentrations. Our results have demonstrated that, despite strong intramolecular interactions, the preorganization of chromophores into the multichromophore salt constructs with multiple charges can provide a steric repulsive effect that can mitigate intermolecular interactions in the solid state. This results in a more efficient translation between microscopic and macroscopic optical properties for highly polarizable polymethines, which is essential for all optical signal switching.
A general mathematical method for investigating the thymic microenvironment, thymocyte development, and immunopathogenesis.

T-lymphocyte (T-cell) development constitutes one of the basic and most vital processes in immunology. The process is profoundly affected by the thymic microenvironment, the dysregulation of which may be the pathogenesis or the etiology of some diseases. On the basis of a general conceptual framework, we have designed the first biophysical model to describe thymocyte development. The microclimate within the thymus, which is shaped by various cytokines, is first conceptualized into a growth field $\lambda$ and a differentiation field $\mu$, under the influence of which the thymocytes mature. A partial differential equation is then derived through the analysis of an infinitesimal element of the flow of thymocytes. A general method is presented to estimate the two fields based on experimental data obtained by flow cytometric analysis of the thymus. Numerical examples are given for both normal and pathologic conditions. Our results are quite good, and even the time varying fields can be accurately estimated. Our method has demonstrated its great potential for the study of immunopathogenesis. The plan for implementation of the method is addressed.
Correlation of clinical and pathological findings and SUVmax value of initial F-18 FDG PET/CT of primary papillary thyroid carcinoma: A potential new risk factor

1901 Objectives Thyroid cancer represents the vast majority of endocrine cancers and its incidence is increasing. Most papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has an excellent prognosis if diagnosed early and treated appropriately. A significant number of PTC, despite excellent prognosis, show aggressive features such as extrathyroidal extension and lymph node metastasis that may not always be detected preoperatively or intraoperatively. The aims of this study are to analyze clinical and pathologic variables affecting SUVmax of primary PTC on preoperative F-18 FDG PET/CT. Methods From March 2005 to December 2010, 148 newly diagnosed patients with PTC (female=121, mean age: 49.0±13.0 years) underwent F-18 FDG PET/CT for initial evaluation were enrolled in this retrospective study and all patients were diagnosed with PTC by postoperative permanent biopsy. The clinical and pathologic characteristics that influence the F-18 FDG PET/CT findings in these patients were analyzed with respect to the following variables: age, sex, tumor size, multifocality of the primary tumor, perithyroidal invasion and lymph node metastasis of neck-based final pathology. Results Patients with tumor size ≥ 1cm, lymph node metastasis (+), perithyroidal invasion (+) and high risk group showed significantly higher SUVmax (10.4±8.1, 9.5±8.3, 9.8±8.1 and 9.0±7.6) than those of patients with size Conclusions Tumor size, lymph node metastasis, perithyroidal invasion and high risk group of DTC can influence SUVmax of primary PTC lesion. The SUVmax of primary PTC lesion can be used to predict high risk group.
Research on Time-domain and Frequency-domain Wideband Beamforming

Wideband digital beamforming(DBF) system is introduced,there are two main approaches for wideband beamforming based on time-domain processing and frequency-domain processing,a design example compares the capability of the two methods,the simulation proves that the time-domain method requires low data storage and low additional computational complexity,whereas the frequency-domain method is suitbale for parallel muti-beam system.
Consensus+Innovations Distributed Kalman Filter With Optimized Gains

In this paper, we address the distributed filtering and prediction of time-varying random fields represented by linear time-invariant (LTI) dynamical systems. The field is observed by a sparsely connected network of agents/sensors collaborating among themselves. We develop a Kalman filter type consensus + innovations distributed linear estimator of the dynamic field termed as Consensus+Innovations Kalman Filter. We analyze the convergence properties of this distributed estimator. We prove that the mean-squared error of the estimator asymptotically converges if the degree of instability of the field dynamics is within a prespecified threshold defined as tracking capacity of the estimator. The tracking capacity is a function of the local observation models and the agent communication network. We design the optimal consensus and innovation gain matrices yielding distributed estimates with minimized mean-squared error. Through numerical evaluations, we show that the distributed estimator with optimal gains converges faster and with approximately 3dB better mean-squared error performance than previous distributed estimators.
"I Was Just Trying to Make It": Examining Urban Black Males' Sense of Belonging, Schooling Experiences, and Academic Success.

This qualitative study investigated the schooling experiences of 20 young Black men who graduated from Douglass Academy, an all-boys public charter secondary school in a large urban city. Specifica...
Vaginal cuff dehiscence: a randomized trial comparing robotic vaginal cuff closure methods

The purpose of this study is to compare the rate of vaginal cuff dehiscence between two different methods of closure in patients undergoing robotic-assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy and explore variables related to postoperative breakdown. This was a prospective, randomized controlled study with two arms. The control group (Arm 1) underwent single-layer continuous closure while the study group (Arm 2) had three additional imbricating figure-of-X sutures placed in addition to the standard protocol. Of the 263 patients who completed the study, 4 patients (1.49 %) experienced dehiscence of the vaginal cuff. Three of the four patients with dehiscence received the standard single vaginal cuff closure (Arm 1) and the one remaining case of dehiscence underwent the protocol with additional sutures (Arm 2). All patients who experienced dehiscence were current smokers. Our study suggests that there may be benefit in adding additional sutures to the standard single-layer vaginal cuff closure procedure. Physicians should evaluate smoking status before deciding on a vaginal cuff closure method.
Quantitative Analysis of Salivary Cortisol Using LC-MS/MS

Cortisol is one of the most important glucocorticoids and plays important roles in regulating human metabolism. Midnight salivary cortisol has been shown to correlate well with free cortisol concentration in serum and is one of the first tests recommended for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome.The procedure described here involves centrifugation of the saliva samples to remove solids and mucus strands before they are diluted with buffer and mixed with deuterated internal standard D4-cortisol. The samples are then subjected to reverse phase separation on a C18 column and analyzed by a tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS). Quantification is achieved by comparing the responses of a given sample to the responses of the calibrators of known concentrations. The calibrators are prepared and analyzed along with the patient samples. Analytical specificity is ensured by using multiple reaction monitoring with fragment ions that are unique to cortisol and deuterated internal standard.