cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stratospheric Aerosols for Solar Radiation Management

SRM in the context of this entry involves placing a large amount of aerosols in the stratosphere to reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the surface, thereby cooling the surface and counteracting some of the warming from anthropogenic greenhouse gases. The way this is accomplished depends on the specific aerosol used, but the basic mechanism involves backscattering and absorbing certain amounts of solar radiation aloft. Since warming from greenhouse gases is due to longwave (thermal) emission, compensating for this warming by reduction of shortwave (solar) energy is inherently imperfect, meaning SRM will have climate effects that are different from the effects of climate change. This will likely manifest in the form of regional inequalities, in that, similarly to climate change, some regions will benefit from SRM, while some will be adversely affected, viewed both in the context of present climate and a climate with high CO2 concentrations. These effects are highly dependent upon the means of SRM, including the type of aerosol to be used, the particle size and other microphysical concerns, and the methods by which the aerosol is placed in the stratosphere. SRM has never been performed, nor has deployment been tested, so the research up to this point has serious gaps. The amount of aerosols required is large enough that SRM would require a major engineering endeavor, although SRM is potentially cheap enough that it could be conducted unilaterally. Methods of governance must be in place before deployment is attempted, should deployment even be desired. Research in public policy, ethics, and economics, as well as many other disciplines, will be essential to the decision-making process. SRM is only a palliative treatment for climate change, and it is best viewed as part of a portfolio of responses, including mitigation, adaptation, and possibly CDR. At most, SRM is insurance against dangerous consequences that are directly due to increased surface air temperatures.
Home Ownership and the Decision to Invest in REITs

Executive Summary. The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not real estate investment trusts (REITs) are appropriate investment vehicles for individual investors given that the family ...
Donor heart valves: electron microscopic and morphometric assessment of cellular injury induced by warm ischemia.

Cryopreserved allograft valves are increasingly being used as valvular replacements. Leaflet fibroblast viability has been suggested to influence clinical durability. The warm ischemic time is thought to be a critical determinant of this cell viability. The purpose of this study was to apply quantitative morphometric methods to characterize, by transmission electron microscopy, valvular cellular injury resulting from progressive warm ischemic time. Porcine aortic valves were harvested with a spectrum of warm ischemic times (40 minutes and 2, 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours; five valves per warm ischemic time; n = 30) and processed by standard electron microscopic methods. To ensure randomized tissue selection within each warm ischemic time interval, we randomly selected one thin section from each leaflet. The first ten cells in each thin section were photographed and cellular injury was assessed (cell disruption, dilation of endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasmic edema, nuclear and mitochondria! changes). Nine hundred micrographs have been analyzed by Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistics to determine if a significant association between warm ischemic time and cellular injury exists. Our findings indicate a significant association between reversible cell injury through 24 hours of warm ischemic injury (p horac C ardiovasc S urg 1992:103:253—8)
Social Security Reform: The Importance of Disability Insurance and Annuities in Individual Accounts

Although most of the debate over Social Security has focused on retirement benefits, the program also pays disability and survivor benefits, as well. This paper looks at how retiree benefits would be affected if policymakers adhered to an oft-stated goal of preserving disability benefits. The paper also examines issues involved in annuitizing a system of individual accounts within Social Security so as to ensure payment of continued benefits over a person's lifetime. It notes that some critical issues remain to be resolved in annuitizing individual accounts. This new study builds on the May 2005 EBRI Issue Brief, "Comparing Social Security Reform Options," which examined different Social Security reform options, by comparing the same options described in that report but focusing on disability benefits rather than retirement benefits.
Abstract A2: Oncogenic and drug‐sensitiveERBB2mutations in glioblastoma

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Consortium recently completed a multidimensional analysis of glioblastoma, characterizing somatic alterations across a large sample set, and identifying genetic lesions that likely contribute to tumor fitness (TCGA Network, Nature, 2008). However, functional experiments are required to determine whether significantly altered genes are in fact oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in glioblastoma. We experimentally analyzed mutations in one of the significantly mutated genes, ERBB2 . Unlike ERBB2 mutations in lung adenocarcinoma, ERBB2 mutations in glioblastoma are primarily located in the extracellular region, clustering around the domain that mediates receptor dimerization. We have determined that a subset of the reported mutations are gain‐of‐function and oncogenic, require kinase activity for oncogenic transformation, and are sensitive to specific small molecule kinase inhibitors. This discovery has therapeutic implications for glioblastoma patients who harbor somatic ERBB2 mutations. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):A2.
Statistical Evidence Measured on a Properly Calibrated Scale for Multinomial Hypothesis Comparisons

Measurement of the strength of statistical evidence is a primary objective of statistical analysis throughout the biological and social sciences. Various quantities have been proposed as definitions of statistical evidence, notably the likelihood ratio, the Bayes factor and the relative belief ratio. Each of these can be motivated by direct appeal to intuition. However, for an evidence measure to be reliably used for scientific purposes, it must be properly calibrated, so that one “degree” on the measurement scale always refers to the same amount of underlying evidence, and the calibration problem has not been resolved for these familiar evidential statistics. We have developed a methodology for addressing the calibration issue itself, and previously applied this methodology to derive a calibrated evidence measure E in application to a broad class of hypothesis contrasts in the setting of binomial (single-parameter) likelihoods. Here we substantially generalize previous results to include the m-dimensional multinomial (multiple-parameter) likelihood. In the process we further articulate our methodology for addressing the measurement calibration issue, and we show explicitly how the more familiar definitions of statistical evidence are patently not well behaved with respect to the underlying evidence. We also continue to see striking connections between the calculating equations for E and equations from thermodynamics as we move to more complicated forms of the likelihood.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes in rat hepatoma-mouse fibroblast hybrids

A study of aldehyde dehydrogenase in rat hepatoma cells and rat hepatoma-mouse fibroblast hybrids revealed that the hepatoma cells had activity comparable to that found in whole rat liver and that the enzyme activity was suppressed in early hybrids and reappeared following chromosome loss. Starch gel electrophoresis and heat inactivation studies showed that a new form of enzyme was produced in the hybrids, possibly a heteropolymorphic combination between the HTC enzyme and a previously repressed mouse form. Staining methods for starch gel electrophoresis and histochemical detection of aldehyde dehydrogenase are described.
Coping and quality of life of patients following microsurgical treatment for breast cancer-related lymphedema

Breast cancer–related lymphedema is associated with numerous adverse outcomes. This study investigated the extent clinical factors, lymphedema symptoms, lymphedema-related appearance, and coping st...
Distal interphalangeal joint silicone interpositional arthroplasty: surgical technique and functional outcome.

Distal interphalangeal joint arthroplasty is effective in alleviating the pain of degenerative arthritis while preserving motion and stability. This procedure was undertaken as an alternative to arthrodesis for 17 women with osteoarthritis and 1 woman with rheumatoid arthritis. Silicone interpositional arthroplasty was performed in 31 digits of patients whose mean age was 58.3 years. The patients were evaluated at an average of 72.2 months (range, 12.6 to 123.1 months) after surgery. All patients reported that their primary preoperative symptom of pain was effectively eliminated by the procedure. At reevaluation, the active range of motion of the distal interphalangeal joint averaged 32.2 degrees and extension lag averaged 12.7 degrees . Lateral stability of the distal joint was present in all but one middle finger implant. Two implants were removed at 3 months postoperatively for wound problems and one at 31 months because of prothesis fracture.
Long-term complications of urinary diversion.

Radical cystectomy and urinary diversion serve as the gold standard treatment for muscle-invasive and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. This approach has been associated with significant improvement in survival. These patients might live for years after surgery and present with long-term complications mostly related to urinary diversion. Complication rate in patients with urinary diversion has been reported to be as high as 60%. These complications could have detrimental effects on health and quality of life and may even be life-threatening. Long-term follow-up of patients with urinary diversion is of utmost importance as many of diversion-related complications may occur years after surgery. This chapter aims to describe and classify various long-term complications associated with urinary diversion as well as prevention and management strategies.
Staging the Event: The Theatrical Ground of Metaphysical Framing

In their Hermeneutic Communism and elsewhere, Gianni Vattimo and Santiago Zabala have advanced a powerful philosophical distinction, derived from Heidegger, between “framed” and “hermeneutic” thought.1 Their distinction is, to my mind, among the best modes of conceptualizing philosophical realism and its alternatives, not least because it draws attention to the material, medial underpinnings of thought in a similar way to how Heidegger himself alerted his readers to the way in which even purportedly “pure” forms of intuition like time and space (Kant) needed to be seen as always material, structured, embodied modes of existence.2
Pacific empire – and upheaval

The Exclusion Act of 1882 was shaped by the economic downturn, but also by a deep-seated racism that, while it excluded some Asians, led to the lynching of numbers of Asians and African Americans in the 1880s and 1890s. It also melded with chaotic and tragic economic conditions in the West to produce a series of wars waged by the U.S. army against Indians. The American Protective Association was organized to advance the argument that it was time, if not past time, for immigration restriction, because racially Americans could no longer be improved upon. The rubbery qualities of racism and social Darwinism were remarkable. A leading spokesman of the New South, Henry Grady of Atlanta, declared that white supremacy was merely the right of character, intelligence, and property to rule. Along with the African Americans and Indians, Chinese immigrants were given a close-up look at this racism.
Diagnosis and Management of Allergic Disease

The association of asthma and allergies has long been recognized. Many recent ­studies have confirmed that sensitization among genetically susceptible populations to certain indoor allergens such as dust mite, animal dander (cat and dog), cockroach, and to outdoor molds such as Alternaria is a risk factor for developing persistent asthma (1). For asthmatic children and adults, chronic exposure to household allergens is associated not only with a higher risk of respiratory symptoms and increased medication use, but also with impaired lung function, increased risk of respiratory viral infections, and increased risk of hospitalization for asthma (2). Sensitization to the outdoor allergens such as grass and ragweed pollens has been associated with seasonal asthma and a rise in emergency department visits and hospitalizations due to acute asthma exacerbations.
Repair of pectus excavatum in a toddler with Prune Belly syndrome and left bronchus compression

Abstract A 2-year-old boy with prune-belly syndrome and severe pectus excavatum experienced recurrent pulmonary infections. A CT scan of the chest demonstrated compression of the left mainstem bronchus and leftward shift of the heart. The bronchial compression resulted in left upper lobe collapse and left lower lobe air-trapping requiring two hospitalizations for respiratory distress and pneumonia. The child underwent minimally invasive repair of his pectus excavatum and has not experienced any further pulmonary events. The pectus bar was removed 3 years post-operatively and at seven years following surgery he has a sustained repair.
Identifying anthropogenic uranium compounds using soft X-ray near-edge absorption spectroscopy

Abstract Uranium ores mined for industrial use are typically acid-leached to produce yellowcake and then converted into uranium halides for enrichment and purification. These anthropogenic chemical forms of uranium are distinct from their mineral counterparts. The purpose of this study is to use soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy to characterize several common anthropogenic uranium compounds important to the nuclear fuel cycle. Chemical analyses of these compounds are important for process and environmental monitoring. X-ray absorption techniques have several advantages in this regard, including element-specificity, chemical sensitivity, and high spectral resolution. Oxygen K-edge spectra were collected for uranyl nitrate, uranyl fluoride, and uranyl chloride, and fluorine K-edge spectra were collected for uranyl fluoride and uranium tetrafluoride. Interpretation of the data is aided by comparisons to calculated spectra. The effect of hydration state on the sample, a potential complication in interpreting oxygen K-edge spectra, is discussed. These compounds have unique spectral signatures that can be used to identify unknown samples.
Evolution of Parietal-Frontal Networks in Primates

Posterior parietal cortex (PPC) of macaque monkeys is known to contain at least four action specific modules or domains: grasping, body defense, looking, and reaching. Similar action-specific domains have also been demonstrated by microstimulation within primary motor cortex (M1) and premotor cortex (PMC). We used microstimulation methods to identify as many as nine action-specific domains of PPC in prosimian galagos and New World owl and squirrel monkeys and functionally matched domains in M1 and PMC. Domains in PPC are widely interconnected, but each domain has connections focused on functionally matched domains in PMC and M1. Functional imaging studies suggest that at least some of the macaque domains exist in humans. PPC domains use visual and somatosensory information to decide on the optimal action, while PMC and M1 domains may use PPC inputs and other sources of information to confirm or alter the PPC decision. We suggest that early primates had a greatly expanded PPC with domains for basic, adaptive, and complex behaviors, while the nonprimate ancestors of primates had little PPC, and this cortex had only a weak effect on motor behavior.
Analog modeling of fault asperity kinematics using a modified squeeze-box design and wax media

AbstractFault movement is strongly influenced by the physical characteristics of the fault surfaces. Fault surfaces are generally nonplanar and have a certain amount of roughness to them, which manifests as fault asperities. In order for a fault to continue moving along its preexisting surface, the asperities must either move past each other, which involves moving a large volume of rock around these obstacles, or create new fractures that “decapitate” and pulverize these asperities, ultimately leading to a smoother fault surface. We explore a new way to investigate fault asperity kinematics using a squeeze-box analog deformation rig. The more typical and classic squeeze-box model uses sand and/or clay to demonstrate fault and fold deformations. We have designed and built a new analog modeling rig that uses a dual-wax analog material. One constituent is white spherical wax particles that have been embedded in a lower-melting-temperature black matrix wax. Deformation of the analog material is facilitated by...
Anthropogenic Soils in Archaeological Settings

In addition to the Plaggic and Pretic Anthrosols discussed in Chap. 7, four other types of anthropogenic soil can be distinguished at archaeological sites.
Shining Additional Light on Effective Teaching Best Practices in Accounting: Self-Reflective Insights from Cook Prize Winners

ABSTRACT: The AAA/J. Michael and Mary Anne Cook/Deloitte Foundation Prize is an award designed to recognize up to three currently active faculty members annually for teaching excellence in accounting. This paper has a three-fold objective: (1) provide an additional mechanism for promoting the Cook Prize as a formal means of rewarding and—in the words of the Pathways Commission (2012)—“shining a light” on teaching excellence in accounting; (2) share with other accounting faculty the self-reflective insights on effective and ineffective teaching practices from the first six recipients of the Cook Prize; and (3) compare Cook Prize recipient responses to those of other accounting educator exemplars reported previously in the literature. With regard to categorical identification of effective and ineffective teaching practices, we find general agreement between Cook Prize recipients and accounting educator exemplars, as reported by Stout and Wygal (2010) and Wygal and Stout (2015). Further analysis identifies p...
Online robust subspace clustering for analyzing incomplete synchrophasor measurements

Phasor measurement units (PMUs) are instrumental for grid monitoring thanks to high sampling rates and precise synchronization. However, collecting and analyzing the PMU data are challenging due to the large volume, computational burden, and missing measurements. In this work, a robust subspace clustering model is adopted to perform reconstruction of missing measurements while simultaneously detecting outliers, which may be due to grid abnormalities or cyber-attacks. To mitigate the computational burden and processing delay of batch computation, an online algorithm is derived based on stochastic approximation. The storage cost of the signal templates (dictionary) used for representing the data is reduced via sparsification and pruning procedures. Numerical tests using simulated PMU data validate the performance of the proposed approach.
Transition and Student Well-being - Why We Need to Start the Conversation.

Every year our pharmacy programs enroll new students. Some of these students will transition smoothly, but others may not transition optimally. This transition issue can have potentially severe mental health consequences and be caused by a multitude of factors. We need to identify these factors, be able to identify at-risk students, and have programs in place to help better support our students’ mental health.
Starting from scratch: Incorporating communication instruction in a revised Mechanical Engineering curriculum

To solve the professional challenges they will face upon graduation, mechanical engineering (ME) graduates must be able to ask the right questions, think critically, and communicate their ideas effectively. Traditionally, the ME curriculum has relied on design courses, especially capstone design, to achieve these objectives. This brief paper will describe a new approach developed within a small public research university's large (1,400+) undergraduate ME program in which faculty worked with the department's communications program director to embed technical communication instruction in at least four new required courses. The new curriculum combines applied learning and project-based learning methods in a series of four Mechanical Engineering Practice courses. Technical communication instruction is embedded in these courses via sixteen communication modules, enabling students to learn best practices in written, oral, and visual communication, apply those practices to their individual and team assignments, and receive formative feedback to improve future work. Preliminary feedback from students and departmental faculty has been positive; however, other programs interested in adopting such an approach will need to consider availability of grading resources and structure content to meet the unique needs of the student population and other constituents.
Picture Perfect? The Role of Instagram in Issue Agenda Setting During the 2016 Presidential Primary Campaign:

Instagram emerged as a pivotal campaign tool in the 2016 presidential campaign. This study examines the agenda-setting effects between the presidential primary candidates’ Instagram posts and artic...
MicroRNA dysregulation to identify therapeutic target combinations for chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Loss of miR-15/16 is the most common genetic lesion in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), promoting overexpression of BCL2, which factors in leukemia pathogenesis. Indeed, an inhibitor of Bcl2, venetoclcax, is highly active in the treatment of patients with CLL. However, single-agent venetoclcax fails to eradicate minimal residual disease in most patients. Accordingly, we were interested in other genes that may be regulated by miR-15/16, which may target other drivers in CLL. We found that miR-15/16 targets ROR1, which encodes an onco-embryonic surface protein expressed on the CLL cells of over 90% of patients, but not on virtually all normal postpartum tissues. CLL with high-level expression of ROR1 also have high-level expression of Bcl2, but low-to-negligible miR-15/16. Moreover, CLL cases with high-level ROR1 have deletion(s) at the chromosomal location of the genes encoding miR-15/16 (13q14) more frequently than cases with low-to-negligible ROR1, implying that deletion of miR-15/16 may promote overexpression of ROR1, in addition to BCL2. ROR1 is a receptor for Wnt5a, which can promote leukemia-cell proliferation and survival, and can be targeted by cirmtuzumab, a humanized anti-ROR1 mAb. We find that this mAb can enhance the in vitro cytotoxic activity of venetoclcax for CLL cells with high-level expression of ROR1, indicating that combining these agents, which target ROR1 and Bcl2, may have additive, if not synergistic, activity in patients with this disease.
Distance Learning System Application for Maritime Specialists Preparing and Corresponding Challenges Analyzing

Learning management system Moodle application for maritime transport specialists preparing in university with territorially distributed subdivisions and worldwide moving students is described. Corresponding arising challenges are shown and analyzed.
Targeted temperature management after cardiac arrest: when, how deep, how long?

Improving outcomes for patients who are resuscitated from cardiac arrest but remain comatose has been challenging. Over 50 years ago, Peter Safar, when describing what we now know as the ABCs of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, included the induction of hypothermia for patients who do not show signs of neurologic recovery within 30 minutes, utilizing this in a case report (1).
Emergency Department Contribution to the Prescription Opioid Epidemic

Study objective We characterize the relative contribution of emergency departments (EDs) to national opioid prescribing, estimate trends in opioid prescribing by site of care (ED, office-based, and inpatient), and examine whether higher-risk opioid users receive a disproportionate quantity of their opioids from ED settings. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of the nationally representative Medical Expenditure Panel Survey from 1996 to 2012. Individuals younger than 18 years and with malignancy diagnoses were excluded. All prescriptions were standardized through conversion to milligrams of morphine equivalents. Reported estimates are adjusted with multivariable regression analysis. Results From 1996 to 2012, 47,081 patient-years (survey-weighted population of 483,654,902 patient-years) surveyed by the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey received at least 1 opioid prescription. During the same period, we observed a 471% increase in the total quantity of opioids (measured by total milligrams of morphine equivalents) prescribed in the United States. The proportion of opioids from office-based prescriptions was high and increased throughout the study period (71% of the total in 1996 to 83% in 2012). The amount of opioids originating from the ED was modest and declined throughout the study period (7.4% in 1996 versus 4.4% in 2012). For people in the top 5% of opioid consumption, ED prescriptions accounted for only 2.4% of their total milligrams of morphine equivalents compared with 87.8% from office visits. Conclusion Between 1996 and 2012, opioid prescribing for noncancer patients in the United States significantly increased. The majority of this growth was attributable to office visits and refills of previously prescribed opioids. The relative contribution of EDs to the prescription opioid problem was modest and declining. Thus, further efforts to reduce the quantity of opioids prescribed may have limited effect in the ED and should focus on office-based settings. EDs could instead focus on developing and disseminating tools to help providers identify high-risk individuals and refer them to treatment.
Glia Maturation Factor Dependent Inhibition of Mitochondrial PGC-1α Triggers Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in N27 Rat Dopaminergic Neuronal Cells

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting over five million individuals worldwide. The exact molecular events underlying PD pathogenesis are still not clearly known. Glia maturation factor (GMF), a neuroinflammatory protein in the brain plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. Mitochondrial dysfunctions and oxidative stress trigger apoptosis leading to dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in PD. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α or PPARGC-α) acts as a transcriptional co-regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism by controlling oxidative phosphorylation, antioxidant activity, and autophagy. In this study, we found that incubation of immortalized rat dopaminergic (N27) neurons with GMF influences the expression of peroxisome PGC-1α and increases oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptotic cell death. We show that incubation with GMF reduces the expression of PGC-1α with concomitant decreases in the mitochondrial complexes. Besides, there is increased oxidative stress and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in these cells. Further, GMF reduces tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression and shifts Bax/Bcl-2 expression resulting in release of cytochrome-c and increased activations of effector caspase expressions. Transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed alteration in the mitochondrial architecture. Our results show that GMF acts as an important upstream regulator of PGC-1α in promoting dopaminergic neuronal death through its effect on oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis. Our current data suggest that GMF is a critical risk factor for PD and suggest that it could be explored as a potential therapeutic target to inhibit PD progression.
A flexible, redox-active macrocycle enables the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate to ammonia by a cobalt complex

The cobalt macrocycle complex [Co(DIM)Br2]+ (DIM = 2,3-dimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-1,3-diene) is an electrocatalyst for the selective reduction of nitrate to ammonia in aqueous solution. The catalyst operates over a wide pH range and with very high faradaic efficiency, albeit with large overpotential. Experimental investigations, supported by electronic structure calculations, reveal that catalysis commences when nitrate binds to the two-electron reduced species CoII(DIM−), where cobalt and the macrocycle are each reduced by a single electron. Several mechanisms for the initial reduction of nitrate to nitrite were explored computationally and found to be feasible at room temperature. The reduced DIM ligand plays an important role in these mechanisms by directly transferring a single electron to the bound nitrate substrate, activating it for further reactions. These studies further reveal that the DIM macrocycle is critical to nitrate reduction, specifically its combination of redox non-innocence, hydrogen-bonding functionality and flexibility in coordination mode.
Die Zusammenhänge zwischen Gewinn und Umsatzmenge

Die Beziehung zwischen dem Gewinn und der Umsatzmenge zeigt die Auswirkungen der Anderungen der Umsatzmenge, der Kosten, der Preise und der Zusammensetzung der Verkaufsmischung auf den Gewinn. Die Geschaftsleitungen vieler Unternehmen versuchen, die Offentlichkeit zum Einkauf ihrer Erzeugnisse durch intensive Werbemasnahmen im Rundfunk, durch Zeitungen, Postwurfsendungen oder in Fernsehsendungen zu bewegen. Letzten Endes trifft aber der Verbraucher seine Entscheidungen selbst.
Airway obstruction: a rare complication of benign vocal fold polyps.

Objectives Benign laryngeal polyps usually present with hoarseness and dysphonia. There have been a few reported cases, however, of polyps that caused airway obstruction. Herein we present our series of obstructing laryngeal polyps. Methods A retrospective review was performed of all patients with benign laryngeal lesions treated by the senior author (A.M.S.S.) between 1997 and 2006. Patients who presented with airway obstruction were identified. Detailed information was recorded on the demographics, presenting signs and symptoms, and surgical procedures. Preoperative and postoperative laryngoscopies were reviewed. Results Ten patients were identified. There were 7 women and 3 men. The mean age was 49 years (range, 34 to 64 years). All had a history of vocal abuse and smoking, with a mean of 35.2 pack-years (range, 7.5 to 112.5 pack-years). All underwent microlaryngoscopy with excision of the lesions. Jet ventilation or a small endotracheal tube was used to secure the airway. The mean follow-up of 9 patients was 71.2 days (range, 25 to 208 days); 1 patient was lost to followup. An excellent airway and improved voice was achieved in all. Forty-four percent (4 of 9) had persistent dysphonia and a decreased mucosal wave after the operation. Conclusions Benign laryngeal polyps may present with airway obstruction and thus should be included in the differential diagnosis of stridor. Endoscopic treatment can result in an excellent airway, but dysphonia may persist in some cases.
Gene By Environment Interaction

Understanding of gene by environment interaction has been fostered by studying people who have experienced risk exposures, and by the study of intermediate phenotypes on which gene action has not been as diluted by environmental variation. Several functional variants have been identified that moderate human resiliency, and these variants have stronger effects on brain imaging responses (so-called “imaging genetics”) and in the context of controlled animal models.
Feline Aminopeptidase N is a Receptor for All Group I Coronaviruses

Human coronavirus HCV-229E and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), both members of coronavirus group I, use aminopeptidase N (APN) as their cellular receptors. These viruses show marked species specificity in receptor utilization as they can only use APN of their respective species to initiate virus infection. Feline and canine coronaviruses are also group I coronaviruses. To determine whether feline APN could serve as a receptor for feline coronaviruses (FCoVs), we cloned the cDNA encoding feline APN (fAPN) by PCR from feline cells and stably expressed it in FCoV-resistant mouse or hamster cells. These became susceptible to infection with either of several biotypes of FCoVs. The expression of recombinant fAPN also made hamster and mouse cells susceptible to infection with other group I coronaviruses, including several canine coronavirus strains, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and human coronavirus HCV-229E. Thus, fAPN served as a functional receptor for each of these coronaviruses in group I. As expected, fAPN could not serve as a receptor for mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a group II coronavirus which uses murine biliary glycoproteins as receptors. Thus, fAPN acts as a common receptor for coronaviruses in group I, in marked contrast to human and porcine APN glycoproteins which serve as receptors only for human and porcine coronaviruses, respectively. These observations suggest that cats could serve as a “mixing vessel” in which simultaneous infection with several group I coronaviruses could lead to recombination of viral genomes.
On the Connection between Confinement and Chiral Symmetry Breakdown

During the last year or so, there has been widespread recognition1–6 that theories of confined, massless fermions automatically lead to chiral symmetry breakdown and massless Goldstone bosons in flavor nonsinglet sectors. At bottom, this result can be traced back to the complicated structure of the QCD vacuum, with a nonvanishing (Euclidean) vacuum expectation value of the form giving rise to a $$q{\bar q}$$ condensate. It reminds one of, and is rather closely related to, the breakdown of flavorsinglet chiral symmetry through color anomalies.
Art Activism Through a Critical Approach to Place: Charity White's Prescriptive Space

Prescriptive Space was a temporary public installation of three ceramic figures on city benches in Gainesville, Florida. The installation was a comment on how the city controls space for the homele...
Consumer Engagement Through Live Customer Service: An Abstract

As today’s e-commerce environment becomes increasingly competitive, there is an inevitable trend for marketers to employ strategies of providing better online shopping experiences to consumers. One of the strategies is to embed live customer service platforms into e-commerce websites. Live help service is distinguished from other online consumer support functions in that consumers interact directly with human or computerized customer service representatives using an online medium (Aberg and Shahmehri 2003). This study aims to shed light on how live customer service provides online shoppers with greater narrative engagement on e-commerce websites. Moreover, we explore individual difference in locus of control (LOC) (Potosky and Bobko 2001; Griswold 1983), which moderates the effect of control on engagement.
Enhancing Service Availability of LTE-in-a-Box Systems Using 3GPP-Compliant Strategies

The 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is now being considered as a promising communications technology for military and public safely applications to provide quality and reliable communication services. In this paper, we consider an LTE-in-a-Box (LIB) system, which is the preferred architecture for military and public safety applications and study how deliberate attacks or natural disasters could cause service disruptions. We present some design alternatives that could anticipate and evolve from disruptions to provide a degraded, but acceptable performance when adverse events occur. Our design alternatives conform to the 3GPP specifications, and can be accomplished using simple software upgrades.
Abstract 354: Accelerated Autophagy is Required for Doxorubicin-induced Oxidative Damage and Cardiomyopathy

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of a broad spectrum of malignancies. However, clinical use of DOX is limited by the risk of severe cardiotoxicit...
A New Niche for Practitioners

As decentralized and distributed services and products continue to enter the marketplace, and the disruption that these tools bring are felt throughout the market and by different actors it will also be important for practitioners and organization to obtain the appropriate mindset. There is a phrase used in the accounting profession, but is one that can apply to different subsets and areas of the financial services profession as well; riches are in the niches (McCausland 2000). Generalized services, lower level tasks, and virtually every aspect of workplace activity that can be automated will be automated and this will invariably cause margin compression, fee restructuring, and the importance of generating differentiated services. This is already underway, and the tried and true solutions of investing in more automation while also reducing employee headcount will simply not be sufficient to compete effectively going forward. Organizations are large and sophisticated as BlackRock, Deloitte, and numerous other firms in other industries are currently dealing with these forces with a combination of investment, hiring of different employees, reduction of current headcount, and launching of digital solutions. That is well and good, as well as being absolutely necessary, but a different tactic will be required going forward.
3-D computational investigation and experimental validation of effect of shear-lift on two-phase flow and heat transfer characteristics of highly subcooled flow boiling in vertical upflow

Abstract The present study is focused on development of a 3-D computational approach to predict highly subcooled nucleate flow boiling in vertical upflow. Investigation of existing computational methodology based on Volume of Fluid (VOF) approach revealed fundamental weaknesses in modeling multiphase flows, which stems mostly from inadequate representation of shear-lift force on bubbles. A user defined function is adopted which provides detailed information relating to this important effect, and computed results are validated through comparison with experimental results and analytic predictions of single bubble trajectory. The computational method is then used to model the entire flow field for subcooled flow boiling in a rectangular channel heated on two opposite walls, and predictions are validated against FC-72 experimental data for four different mass velocities. Overall, computationally predicted interfacial behavior, flow pattern, and heat transfer parameters (wall temperature and heat transfer coefficient) show good agreement with experimental data. The model is also shown highly effective at predicting local phenomena (velocity and temperature profiles) not easily determined through experiments.
Health and Economy in COVID-19 Era: A Plan for Reconstituting Long-Term Economic Security

COVID-19 is a rapidly evolving pandemic, which represents a multifaceted global threat. Given the economic consequences, most researchers agree that social distancing measures are an effective strategy relative to the cost. Previous studies indicate that community size as well as viral population risk groups should be considered in forming an effective targeted social distancing strategy. The resultant delay in the occurrence of infections in order to support vaccine development has been shown to be an effective policy. However, a return to normalcy from the current situation would require policy intervention that transforms the American economy along with continued targeted social distancing and the use of medical science as a tool to facilitate gradual personal interactions of low-risk individuals. We believe that the adoption of rapid IgG testing would be best suitable for widespread population-level screening as part of a comprehensive plan for incrementally rebuilding the in-person workforce. As such, this crisis represents an opportunity for the United States to increase automation of the manufacturing sector, shrink supply chains, and create higher-level jobs in order to reduce the dependency on other countries for critical supplies. This economic transition to better utilize technology along with reconstruction of the workforce could improve the standard of living for many Americans as well as better prepare the US for future pandemics.
Recent progress in color-center lasers

Over the past two years, a number of breakthroughs have occurred in the field of color-center lasers. Notable among these are the development of a new class of stable laser active color center based on oxygen-impurity stabilization, the development of new crystals which extend the presently available tuning range to below 1.24 µm and out to 4.0 µm, and the discovery of laser-active color centers in new materials.
A Case of Pharyngeal-Cervical-Brachial Variant of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Responsive to IVIG (5428)

Objective: Raise awareness about pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Background: The pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome belongs to the clinical spectrum of the anti-GQ1b syndrome which also includes Miller-Fisher syndrome, acute ophthalmoparesis, and Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis. This condition may result in severe disability. Several therapeutic approaches have been tried with variable success. We present a case that responded very well to IVIG. Design/Methods: Case report Results: This is a 48-year-old woman who presented with acute vertigo, unsteadiness, diplopia, ascending paresthesias and numbness that started in her hands. She had nasal voice and dysphagia. She had upper respiratory infection one week before. Examination was remarkable for right eye esotropia on primary gaze, right lateral and left lateral gaze palsy. No nystagmus or ptosis was seen. She elevated the palate minimally symmetrically. Power of neck flexion and extension, shoulder adduction, forward flexion, external and internal rotation, elbow flexion and extension was 4/5. The remaining motor strength was 5/5. Reflexes were 0 at biceps, brachioradialis, triceps bilaterally, 1 at patella bilaterally, and 2 at Achilles tendon bilaterally. Sensory exam was intact in the legs but there was light touch and pin prick gradient at the wrist. Gait was cautious and wide-based but Romberg testing was negative. Brain MRI, lumbar puncture and blood tests were unremarkable except for positive IgG anti-GQ1b antibodies: 259 IV (normal 0–50 IV). Anti GM1 and anti-GD1b antibodies were negative. The nerve conduction studies demonstrated non-length dependent sensory neuronopathy. This presentation is suggestive of the pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome. She received IVIG 2g/kg with recovery of weakness, voice and swallowing abnormalities within one week. Diplopia although improved, persists. Conclusions: This case of pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant of Guillain-Barre following respiratory infection with positive anti-GQ1b antibodies responded well to treatment. Early recognition and treatment may improve the outcome of this rare but potentially disabling condition. Disclosure: Dr. Corn has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yeung has nothing to disclose. Dr. Marchidann has nothing to disclose. Dr. Treidler has nothing to disclose.
Perceived Burnout and Coping Strategies Among Fitness Instructors: A Mixed Methods Approach

Purpose: Burnout is associated with poor health. Researchers have investigated various coping strategies, including the beneficial effects of exercise, on burnout. However, exercise as part of occu...
Size-dependent emission of a dipole coupled to a metal nanoparticle

We present a systematic numerical analysis of the quantum yield of an electric dipole coupled to a plasmonic nanoparticle. We observe that the yield is highly dependent on the distance between the electric dipole and the nanoparticle, the size and permittivity of the nanoparticle, and the wavelength of the incident radiation. Our results indicate that enhancement of the quantum yield is only possible for electric dipoles coupled to a nanoparticle with a radius of 20 nm or larger. As the size of the nanoparticle is increased, emission enhancement occurs at wavelengths dependent on the coupling distance.
Putting Social Rewards and Identity Salience to the Test: Evidence from a Field Experiment on Teachers in Philadelphia

We partnered with the School District of Philadelphia (SDP) to run a randomized experiment testing interventions to increase teacher participation in an annual feedback survey, an uncompensated task that requires a teacher’s time but helps the educational system overall. Our experiment varied the nature of the incentive scheme used, and the associated messaging. In the experiment, all 8,062 active teachers in the SDP were randomly assigned to receive one of four emails using a 2x2 experimental design; specifically, teachers received a lottery-based financial incentive to complete the survey that was either "personal" (a chance to win one of fifteen $100 gift cards for themselves) or "social" (a chance to win one of fifteen $100 gift cards for supplies for their students), and also received email messaging that either did or did not make salient their identity as an educator. Despite abundant statistical power, we find no discernible differences across our conditions on survey completion rates. One implication of these null results is that from a public administration perspective, social rewards may be preferable since funds used for this purpose by school districts go directly to students (through increased expenditure on student supplies), and do not seem less efficacious than personal financial incentives for teachers.
Like parent, like child: Is parent interpretation bias associated with their child's interpretation bias and anxiety? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric problem across the lifespan, with typical onset during the pediatric period. Prior literature has examined cognitive mechanisms associated with youth anxiety and identified interpretation bias, the threatening appraisal of ambiguity, as a ubiquitous correlate and likely mechanism. A small set of studies have examined interpretation bias and anxiety in parent-child dyads, although results about this potential relationship are conflicted. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the association between parent interpretation bias with child interpretation bias and child anxiety. Methods Eight studies met the rigorous inclusion criteria, which required direct assessment of interpretation bias in both youth and parent. Results Meta-analysis with a random effects model indicated a small and significant correlation between parent and child interpretation biases (r = 0.14, p Limitations As only eight studies were included in this meta-analysis, reflecting the state of the extant literature, it is possible that, as data accumulate and this work continues in the future, results may or may not be replicated. Conclusions Despite variability in findings across the included empirical studies, the current meta-analysis suggests that a correlational relationship between parent interpretation bias and child bias/anxiety exists. This work has implications for conceptualizing parent interpretation bias as a possible explanatory mechanism underlying youth interpretation bias and anxiety.