cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
I’m angry that I’m not perfect! aggression mediates the relationship between perfectionism and eating pathology in men and women

The link between maladaptive perfectionism and eating disorder (ED) pathology is well-established, yet less is known about factors that contribute to this relationship. The current study examined the mediating effect of aggression on the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and ED pathology in a mixed-gender sample. Three-hundred and thirty-six participants (47.3% women) with a mean age of 35.75 (SD = 10.00) were recruited online through Amazon Mechanical Turk. Self-reported data were collected on ED pathology (Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire), perfectionism (Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale), aggression (Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire), and demographic information. Mediation analyses were performed separately for men and women using the SPSS PROCESS macro (Hayes in Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: a regression-based approach, Guilford Press, New York, 2018). To test gender differences for specific model parameters, multiple-group structural equation modeling was used. Findings indicate that aggression partially mediated the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and ED pathology in both men and women. There were no significant gender differences in the strength of the indirect effect or direct effect of perfectionism on ED pathology. Findings from this study suggest that aggression may partially account for the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and ED pathology. Additional research is needed to determine the temporal sequence of maladaptive perfectionism and aggression as it relates to ED pathology. Nonetheless, given their interrelationships, treatment research may benefit from examining interventions targeting aggression as a potential avenue for reducing ED symptoms. Level V, cross-sectional study.
ScanCloud: Holistic GPR Data Analysis for Adaptive Subsurface Object Detection

The conventional ground penetrating radar (GPR) data analysis methods, which use piecemeal approaches in processing the GPR data formulated in variant formats such as A-Scan, B-Scan, and C-Scan, fail to provide a global view of underground objects on the fly to adapt the operations of GPR systems in the field. To bridge the gap, in this paper, we propose a novel GPR data analysis approach termed “ScanCloud” which is focused on the whole in situ GPR dataset rather than on individual A-Scans, B-Scans or C-Scans. We also study the integration of ScanCloud and a deep reinforcement learning method called deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) to adapt the operation of GPR system. The proposed method is evaluated using GPR modeling software called GprMax. Simulation results show the efficacy of ScanCloud and the adaptive GPR system enabled by the integration of ScanCluod and DDPG.
Myositis of Extraocular Muscles Diagnosed with Standardized Echography

Disorders of extraocular muscles are a frequent cause underlying signs or symptoms of orbital disease, such as exophthalmos or double vision. In the Echography Service of the Department of Ophthalmology at The University of Iowa, 1321 patients with exophthalmos or other signs of orbital disease were examined during a 5-year period between February 1978 (date of first echographic diagnosis of orbital myositis) and February 1983. In 468 (35.4%) of the patients, a thickening of one or more extraocular muscles was the only or main cause of the orbital signs and symptoms. The majority of these cases had Graves’ disease. In 45 cases (3.4% of all orbital cases, 9.6% of the cases with thickened muscles), a myositis was diagnosed and treated.
Higher levels of immersion improve procedure memorization performance

Researchers have proposed that immersion could have advantages for tasks involving abstract mental activities, such as conceptual learning; however, there are few empirical results that support this idea. We hypothesized that higher levels of immersion would benefit such tasks if the mental activity can be mapped to objects or locations in a 3D environment. To investigate this hypothesis, we performed an experiment in which participants memorized procedures in a virtual environment and then attempted to recall those procedures. We aimed to understand the effects of three components of immersion on performance. Results demonstrate that a matched software field of view (SFOV), a higher physical FOV, and a higher field of regard (FOR) all contributed to more effective memorization. The best performance was achieved with a matched SFOV and either a high FOV or a high FOR, or both. In addition, our experiment demonstrated that memorization in a virtual environment could be transferred to the real world. The results suggest that, for procedure memorization tasks, increasing the level of immersion even to moderate levels, such as those found in head-mounted displays (HMDs) and display walls, can improve performance significantly compared to lower levels of immersion.
Cationic Proteins of Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Lysosomes I. Resolution of Antibacterial and Enzymatic Activities

Abstract Zeya, H. I. (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill), and J. K. Spitznagel. Cationic proteins of polymorphonuclear leukocyte lysosomes. I. Resolution of antibacterial and enzymatic activities. J. Bacteriol. 91:750–754. 1966.—A lysosomal fraction from polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes of guinea pig peritoneal exudate was subjected directly to electrophoresis on cellulose acetate paper treated with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide. The Iysosomal components resolved into seven bands moving towards the cathode. Assay of the eluted bands showed that the antibacterial activity was distinct from lysosomal enzymes and was associated with three cationic components (bands I, II, and III) which migrated most rapidly towards the cathode, ahead of lysozyme ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease. Qualitatively, the antibacterial components appeared to be rich in arginine. The antibacterial components were absent in the pherograms of nuclear fractions of PMN leukocytes and in supernatant fractions that remained after lysosomes were removed from cell homogenates by centrifugation at 8,000 × g.
Noam's Ark

We view language as a central component of being human, yet debates still rage about what language is. In their Perspective, Bever and Montalbetti dissect a review in this issue by Hauser, Chomsky and Fitch that seeks to explain how we can empirically study the evolutionary basis of human language.
What did you say? Self-regulatory depletion impairs interpretation of vocal cues

Evidence indicates that people are motivated to interpret environmental cues to belongingness, but doing so can be challenging. Prior evidence shows that the self's regulatory resources are consumed when interpreting complex facial displays; with this study, we examined how the depletion of such resources may impact the ability to interpret vocal tones. Results showed that depletion decreased accuracy in identifying complex (vs. simple) vocal cues, which extends prior work and offers a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between self-regulatory resources and the ability to effectively interpret one's social environment.
Semantically Conceptualizing and Annotating Tables

Enabling a system to automatically conceptualize and annotate a human-readable table is one way to create interesting semantic-web content. But exactly "how?" is not clear. With conceptualization and annotation in mind, we investigate a semantic-enrichment procedure as a way to turn syntactically observed table layout into semantically coherent ontological concepts, relationships, and constraints. Our semantic-enrichment procedure shows how to make use of auxiliary world knowledge to construct rich ontological structures and to populate these ontological structures with instance data. The system uses auxiliary knowledge (1) to recognize concepts and which data values belong to which concepts, (2) to discover relationships among concepts and which data-value combinations represent relationship instances, and (3) to discover constraints over the concepts and relationships that the data values and data-value combinations should satisfy. Experimental evaluations indicate that the automatic conceptualization and annotation processes perform well, yielding F-measures of 90% for concept recognition, 77% for relationship discovery, and 90% for constraint discovery in web tables selected from the geopolitical domain.
A set of simple, accurate equations for circular cylindrical elastic shells

Abstract The Sanders' equations for a circular cylindrical elastic shell of constant thickness are reduced to a single, simple, fourth order partial differential equation for the complex-valued function W+i√(A/D)F, where W is the midsurface normal deflection, F is a stress function, and A/D is an elastic constant. Auxiliary equations expressing the tangential midsurface displacements, stress resultants, stress couples, and Kirchhoff edge forces in terms of W, F, and surface load integrals are also derived. Approximations are introduced only in the stressstrain relations, but the resulting errors are shown to be negligible by Koiter's arguments. Work of previous writers is reviewed and compared with results of the present paper,
Moving Forward: Response to “Studying Eyewitness Investigations in the Field”

Field studies of eyewitness identification are richly confounded. Determining which confounds undermine interpretation is important. The blind administration confound in the Illinois study is said to undermine it’s value for understanding the relative utility of simultaneous and sequential lineups. Most criticisms of the Illinois study focus on filler identifications, and related inferences about the importance of the blind confound. We find no convincing evidence supporting this line of attack and wonder at filler identifications as the major line of criticism. More debilitating problems impede using the Illinois study to address the simultaneous versus sequential lineup controversy: inability to estimate guilt independent of identification evidence, lack of protocol compliance monitoring, and assessment of lineups quality. Moving forward requires removing these limitations.
Damage-tolerance-based life prediction of aeroengine compressor discs: II. A probabilistic fracture mechanics approach

This paper reports the results of a demonstration computer program carried out to determine the influence of the sensitivity and reliability of non-destructive inspection (NDI) techniques on the damage-tolerance-based life assessment of aeroengine compressor discs. The program was carried out on AM-355 martensitic stainless-steel compressor discs from an aeroengine. The safe inspection intervals (SII) for the compressor discs are calculated using probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) principles. These calculations involve the use of the NDI data, finite-element analysis and the experimental fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) data base generated on compact tension specimens machined from safe-life-expired discs. The PFM analysis, which randomly uses the distribution of undetected crack sizes for a given NDI technique to choose an ai value for fracture mechanics calculations, demonstrates that the worst-case combinations of ai and FCGR do not occur during 7000 disc simulations. The PFM results also indicate that it may be possible to obtain cost effective SII if the sensitive eddy current and the automated ultrasonic leaky surface wave techniques are used to inspect the discs. However, the behaviour of short cracks would have to be characterized prior to obtaining usable PFM-based SII.
Community Attitudes on the Family of Issues Surrounding the Death of Terminal Patients

In two studies, respondents made recommendations for the medical treatment of a terminally ill elderly woman. The woman was or was not experiencing intractable pain, and had requested either heroic medical efforts or euthanasia. Respondents' recommendations were influenced by both the specific wishes of the patient and the pain the person was experiencing. However, participants were not completely swayed by the patient's wishes: only about half of the sample recommended euthanasia even when the patient was in intractable pain and had requested death; also, many subjects would not resuscitate the patient whose heart or lungs failed, even though she had requested heroic measures. Respondent attitudes toward euthanasia predicted recommendations in the expected directions. We suggest that there is less dissent on the issues that arise for medical treatments at the end of life than has been widely assumed.
Vibration Assessment for Thrombus Formation in the Centrifugal Pump

To clarify the correlation of vibration and thrombus formation inside a rotary blood pump, 40 preliminary vibration studies were performed on pivot bearing centrifugal pumps. No such studies were found in the literature. The primary data acquisition equipment included an accelerometer (Isotron PE accelerometer, ENDEVCO, San Juan Capistrano, CA, U.S.A.), digitizing oscilloscope (TDS 420, Tektronix Inc., Pittsfield, MA, U.S.A.), and pivot bearing centrifugal pumps. The pump impeller was coupled magnetically to the driver magnet. The accelerometer was mounted on the top of the pump casing to sense radial and axial accelerations. To simulate the 3 common areas of thrombus formation, a piece of silicone rubber was attached to each of the following 3 locations as described: a circular shape on the center bottom of the impeller (CI), an eccentric shape on the bottom of the impeller (EI), and a circular shape on the center bottom casing (CC). A fast Fourier transform (FFT) method at 5 L/min against 100 mm Hg, with a pump rotating speed of 1,600 rpm was used. The frequency response of the vibration sensors used spans of 40 Hz to 2 kHz. The frequency domain was already integrated into the oscilloscope, allowing for comparison of the vibration results. The area of frequency domain at a radial direction was 206 +/- 12.7 mVHz in CI, 239.5 +/- 12.1 mVHz in EI, 365 +/- 12.9 mVHz in CC, and 163 +/- 7.9 mVHz in the control (control vs. CI p = 0.07, control vs. EI p < 0.001, control vs. CC p < 0.001, EI vs. CC p < 0.001, CI vs. CC p < 0.001). Three types of imitation thrombus formations were roughly distinguishable. These results suggested the possibility of detecting thrombus formation using vibration signals, and these studies revealed the usefulness of vibration monitoring to detect thrombus formation in a centrifugal pump.
A study of the effects of curvature and compression on the behavior of a supersonic turbulent boundary layer

The influences of concave streamline curvature and bulk compression on a turbulent boundary layer in a supersonic flow were studied. The effects of curvature and compression were identified by comparing two flows with identical pressure distributions but different amounts of curvature. The effect of the pressure rise was to increase the wall stress and amplify the Reynolds stresses. The influence of curvature complemented the destabilizing effect of the compression, and the larger the curvature the greater the increase in the wall friction and Reynolds stresses in the boundary layer.
Normalization on the fly

Abstract This paper describes a universal technique for data retrieval from a database file afflicted with repeating groups. The procedure relies on a generic “repeater” table which is joined to the unnormalized table. Though the physical data model may violate first normal form, the proposed technique produces a data view that overcomes that violation. The importance of this technique to the design and use of databases is demonstrated through an actual case study.
A Negatively Charged Amino Acid in Skp2 Is Required for Skp2-Cks1 Interaction and Ubiquitination of p27Kip1*

Proteolysis of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 occurs predominately in the late G1 phase of the cell cycle through a ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation pathway. Ubiquitination of p27 requires the SCFSkp2 ubiquitin ligase and Skp2 F-box binding protein Cks1. The mechanisms by which Skp2 recognizes Cks1 to ubiquitylate p27 remain obscure. Here we show that Asp-331 in the carboxyl terminus of Skp2 is required for its association with Cks1 and ubiquitination of p27. Mutation of Asp-331 to Ala disrupts the interaction between Skp2 and Cks1. Although Asp-331 mutation negates the ability of the Skp1-Cullin-F-box protein (SCF) complex to ubiquitylate p27, such a mutation has no effect on Skp2 self-ubiquitination. A conservative change from Asp to Glu at position 331 of Skp2 does not affect Skp2-Cks1 interaction. Our results revealed a unique requirement for a negatively charged residue in the carboxyl-terminal region of Skp2 in recognition of Cks1 and ubiquitination of p27.
Order restricted estimators: some bias results

Stimulated by practical concerns in the use of order restricted estimators, we study some bias issues of isotonic estimators of ordered parameters. We obtain explicit expressions for biases of order restricted estimators of ordered means of two normal populations with common variance. Based on intuitive considerations, we also propose a new estimator of the common variance of two normal populations having ordered normal means and show that it has smaller bias than the maximum likelihood estimator of the variance and has smaller mean squared error than the usual unbiased estimator of the common variance.
Isolation of human germ-line DNA suitable for recombinant DNA studies

Dna from human sperm cells can be isolated with size and purity sufficient for use in recombinant DNA research. The DNA averages 100 000 base pairs (bp) in size (about 70.10(6) daltons) and is free of somatic cell, bacterial, and viral DNA. It can therefore be cloned under P2 + EK2 conditions as stipulated in the 1978 NIH Guidelines for recombinant DNA research.
Real Wages and Employment: Four Great Economists: Pigou, Simons, Keynes and Hansen

Professor Eli Schwartz of Lehigh University reviews the theories of Pigou, Simons, Keynes and Hansen concerning unemployment. He concludes that we are in a‘Pigovian’world where unemployment is due to defects in the labour market.
Application of Choice-Making Intervention for a Student with Multiply Maintained Problem Behavior

A functional behavioral assessment was completed for a 10-year-old boy with autism and problem behavior. The assessment indicated that both teacher attention and escape from task demands maintained his problem behavior. A choice-making intervention that involved allowing the participant to choose between completing work alone and subsequently receiving a break with teacher attention versus working with teacher assistance was implemented. Initial data collected on the intervention suggested that choice making decreased problem behavior. Thus, the intervention was adapted for many different applications across the school day. Anecdotal teacher records indicated that this reduced problem behavior across activities during the school day.
Automatic generation of user-defined virtual documents using query and layout templates

DelaunayMM is an authoring, querying, and visualization framework for multimedia information retrieved from distributed repositories including the Web. Users compose virtual documents by specifying visually templates that contain both layout information and query specification. The query engine generates a set of similarly laid out pages for each template, whose number depends both on the number of retrieved objects that satisfy the queries and on the layout specification. In this paper we focus on the object-oriented data models, on the declarative query languages, and on the automatic generation of the virtual documents. Our framework distinguishes itself from others in that it combines presentation with querying, in particular by allowing for the customization of the layout by users and for the retrieval of the distributed information using database object-oriented technology. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Pickled luminescent silicon nanostructures

Abstract In freshly prepared porous Si, the newly exposed silicon–nanostructure surface is protected with a monolayer of hydrogen, which is very reactive and oxidizes in air leading to a loss of luminescence intensity and a degradation of the electronic properties. We report a surface passivation approach based on organic modification that stabilizes the luminescence. This novel ‘pickling’ process not only augments the desired optoelectronic properties, but also is adaptable to further chemical modification for integration into chemical and biophysical sensors.
A telephone-based self-management program for people with epilepsy

The study was conducted to test the feasibility of a telephone-based self-management program for adults with epilepsy. The program was based on social cognitive theory and principles of motivational interviewing (MI). Twenty-two adults with epilepsy were recruited from hospital-based epilepsy clinics. The mean age of participants was 43 years, and 68% were men. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Those in the intervention group received a five-session intervention with a nurse trained in MI counseling. Following an in-person introductory session, the remaining four sessions were conducted by phone. Ninety-five percent of the 55 planned MI sessions and the 44 planned courtesy calls for those in the control group were completed, demonstrating high acceptance of the program. Participants were very satisfied with the program and noted the benefits of the telephone delivery method. Analysis of outcomes provided support for continued development and testing of the program.
Where theories of mind meet magic: The development of children's beliefs about wishing

In two studies, we probed children's beliefs about wishing. In Study 1, we gathered initial data on 50 3- to 6-year-old children's concepts of wishing and beliefs about its efficacy, with both a semistructured interview and a variety of tasks. Results revealed considerable knowledge about wishing in young children, along with an age-related decrease in beliefs about its efficacy. Parents were not found to encourage differently the beliefs of children at different ages, nor were they found to begin actively discouraging such beliefs at any particular age. A moderate relation was found between environmental supports for wishing and children's beliefs in its efficacy. In Study 2, we continued to probe these issues and also address the nature of the broader conceptual context in which children situate their beliefs about wishing. Participants were 92 3- to 6-year-old children. Results of this study suggest that children may reconcile beliefs in the efficacy of wishing with knowledge about everyday mental-physical relations by situating these beliefs more within their emerging beliefs about magic than within their theories of mind.
Tunable plasmonic platform for giant fluorescence enhancement

We demonstrate a colloidally synthesized plasmonic platform for giant fluorescence enhancement and increased spontaneous emission rate of embedded fluorophores. A transition between fluorescence enhancement and quenching is revealed depending on the plasmonic resonance.
Coevolution of hydrology and topography on a basalt landscape in the Oregon Cascade Range, USA

Young basalt terrains offer an exceptional opportunity to study landscape and hydrologic evolution through time, as the age of the landscape itself can be determined by dating lava flows. These constructional terrains are also highly permeable, allowing one to examine timescales and process of geomorphic evolution as they relate to the partitioning of hydrologic flowpaths between surface and subsurface flow. The western slopes of the Cascade Range in Oregon, USA, are composed of a thick sequence of lava flows ranging from Holocene to Oligocene in age, and the landscape receives abundant precipitation of between 2000 and 3500 mm per year. On Holocene and late Pleistocene lava landscapes, groundwater systems transmit most of the recharge to large springs (>0·85 m3 S-1) with very steady hydrographs. In watersheds >1 million years old, springs are absent, and well-developed drainage networks fed by shallow subsurface stormflow produce flashy hydrographs. Drainage density slowly increases with time in this basalt landscape, requiring a million years to double in density. Progressive hillslope steepening and fluvial incision also occur on this timescale. Springs and groundwater-fed streams transport little sediment and hence are largely ineffective in incising river valleys, so fluvial landscape dissection appears to occur only after springs are replaced by shallow subsurface stormflow as the dominant streamflow generation mechanism. It is proposed that landscape evolution in basalt terrains is constrained by the time required for permeability to be reduced sufficiently for surface flow to replace groundwater flow.
Destructive periodontal disease in healthy children.

This study determined the prevalence of destructive periodontal disease affecting the deciduous dentition among otherwise healthy subjects, who were diagnosed with juvenile Periodontitis (JP) in their permanent dentitions. There were 4,757 subjects in this retrospective, cross-sectional study. Diagnosis of JP was based on age (≤ 15 years), negative medical history, and radiographic evidence of arc-shaped alveolar bone loss. The study population was one-third white and two-thirds black and the male/female ratio was 1:1, reflecting the general patient population. The prevalence among whites was 0.3%, with a female/male ratio 4:1; whereas among blacks the prevalence was 1.5%, with a female/ male ratio ˜1:1. Among the black JP subjects with radiographs of the mixed dentition, 85.7% presented evidence of bone loss, and of those with radiographs of the deciduous dentition, 71.4% had discernible alveolar bone loss. This study suggests that JP is much more prevalent in blacks and that it does indeed occur in the ...
Phase unwrapping by a noise immune algorithm: fringe estimation, quality segmentation, and sorted extraction

In optical measurement techniques, such as holographic interferometry, shearographic interferometry, and 3D-computer vision, phase is used as a carrier for different physical properties. For example, phase could stand for the information of shape, deformation, or strain. The useful information is coded and wrapped into -π to +π range in phase map. Phase unwrapping is the basic technique to resolve 2π ambiguities and recover physical properties. In this paper, we describe a novel method for unwrapping phase in a noise-disturbed phase map, which is characterized with broken fringes. In this method, phase map is well analyzed before phase unwrapping. Broken fringes are detected and fixed. Phase map is segmented into different regions based on phase quality. Those regions with good phase quality will be unwrapped first and errors introduced by noise will be minimized. Several applications will be presented to testify our new method.
Investigation of a radio-frequency inductive- coupled-plasma discharge afterglow in noble gases

It has been shown (Demidov et al 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 215002) that even a small number of nonlocal fast electrons, which do not significantly affect the overall mean electron energy, can dramatically change both the plasma and near-wall sheath properties. In this work, Langmuir probe measurements of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) show the presence of fast electrons created due to collisions of pairs of metastable atoms and collisions of the second kind between metastable atoms and bulk electrons. These measurements were made in the afterglow of a 100% modulated radio-frequency inductive-coupled-plasma discharge in argon, neon and helium. It is shown that this fast component of the EEDF can be controlled independently of the slow electrons, which is a direct consequence of the EEDF nonlocality. Both EEDF and plasma emission spectroscopy measurements are presented for the helium afterglow. These data allow us to determine the absolute density of metastable atoms and their temporal decay during the afterglow. It is shown that under the experimental conditions, stepwise excitation of helium metastable atoms is the primary process for populating excited states and, therefore, decay of the excited atoms is governed by the decay of metastable states. The presence of a trace amount of nitrogen in the system, which does not significantly change the properties of the helium discharge, allowed us to independently measure the decay of helium metastables by monitoring the N+2(B–X) emission resulting from Penning ionization of N2(X) and confirmed the above conclusions regarding the presence and importance of metastable atoms.
Growth response of inclined fatigue cracks in compact-tension specimens

Abstract The effects of crack inclination angle on the growth response of inclined fatigue cracks in compact-tension specimens of the 2090-T8E41 Al-Li alloy have been studied. Using stress intensity factor ( K ) solutions obtained via a Boundary Integral Equation (BIE) technique, the crack growth rates of the inclined cracks are compared with those measured for a straight mode I crack in mid-cracked panels of the same Al-Li alloy. The comparison shows essentially identical crack growth rates for the two crack geometries at equivalent δ levels when the crack angle is less than 30°. The finding confirms the BIE calculations which indicate that crack deflection by an angle less than 30° does not lead to a reduction in the stress intensity factor and should have no influence on the crack growth responses of inclined fatigue cracks in compact-tension specimens. Thus, the crack inclination angle is not an appropriate criterion for judging the validity of a fatigue crack growth test performed with a compactct-tension specimen.
Selective damage in striatum and hippocampus with in vitro anoxia.

An in vitro model of anoxia-induced brain damage was utilized to help elucidate the biochemical basis of cell damage due to reduced oxygen availability. Previous studies suggest that anoxia-induced damage may vary presynaptically, post-synaptically or in the cell body. Thus, the consequences of an anoxic treatment incubation were examined with hippocampal slices, which contain cholinergic nerve terminals but not cell bodies, and with slices from whole striatum or its subregions, which contain both cholinergic cell bodies and nerve terminals. Slices were preincubated with either oxygen or nitrogen (treatment incubation) and the persistent effects of this treatment on [14C]acetylcholine and14CO2 production from [U-14C]glucose were assessed in a subsequent incubation under optimal conditions (test incubation). An anoxic treatment incubation reduced the subsequent test incubation production of CO2 about 40% in the hippocampus and striatum, The anoxic treatment incubation diminished ACh production by 46% in the striatum, but only minimally affected that in the hippocampus. Anoxic treatment incubations of synaptosomes did not alter test-incubation ACh synthesis or CO2 production. Omission of calcium from the anoxic treatment incubation increased striatal ACh synthesis by 88% and CO2 production in both regions. These results suggest that anoxia produces persistent changes in postsynaptic processes or cell bodies (in this model cholinergic ones) that differ from those in nerve terminals and that calcium is important in the production of these deficits.
FACTORS INFLUENCING FUNGAL QUALITY OF PECANS STORED AT REFRIGERATION TEMPERATURES

TWO factors greatly affecting the growth of fungi on stored pecan nuts (Curya illioensis) are moisture content and temperature. Experiments designed to simulate conditions of commercial practice were carried out to determine the effects of sap (naturally occurring) moisture and superficial or imbibed moisture, i.e., moisture originating from sources other than the tree, on survival of fungi on stored pecans. A second objective was to determine the effect of temperature of storage on the rate of equilibration of moisture in pecans. Of particular interest was the effect of this rate of change on populations of naturally occurring fungal contaminants. In-shell pecans were stored in Kraft paper and plastic bags at −18, −6.5, and 0°C for periods of 6, 12, and 24 wk. Results indicate that pecan kernels with low sap and low superficial moisture at the time of harvest are less likely to support fungal growth than are kernels with high sap moisture, or low sap moisture but high superficial moisture. Fungi are capable of growing on pecans at 0°C and to a less extent at −6.5°C after prolonged storage. Rapid reduction of moisture content accompanied by ventilation in chambers with air having relative humidities in the range 60–68% is most desirable for preserving pecans against fungal deterioration.
A Multi-Country Examination of the Relationship Between Environmental Knowledge and Attitudes

This study is based on the hypothesis that the more a person knows about the environment the more positive the person’s attitude will be toward the environment. But is this relationship real or assumed? This question is examined using data collected from students in their final year of secondary school (17–19 years) in Chile, England, Switzerland and the United States. Data suggest that the students are not well prepared in their basic knowledge about the environment. On the other hand, students demonstrated a positive attitude toward the environment. Statistical analyses revealed that there is no significant relationship between environmental knowledge and environmental attitude. These results are beneficial in initiating discussions about pedagogical approaches that consider environmental content standards, issues, curricular needs and opportunities.
Alopecia in Rats Fed Certain Soybean Oil Meal Rations.

SummaryRats fed certain soybean oil meal rations developed a characteristic hair loss which was prevented by supplementation of inositol and/or biotin. The condition did not develop if the rations contained added cystine or methionine. Inositol supplementation resulted in no marked changes in rate of growth. However, supplements of cystine and methionine markedly increased the rate of growth when added to the raw soybean oil meal basal ration. Biotin supplements had a slight stimulatory effect on growth when added to the same ration. It is believed that soybean oil meal in some manner increases the dietary requirement for biotin and/or inositol. Possible mechanisms for such action may be an alteration of the intestinal flora, some absorptive disturbance, a vitamin imbalance or the presence of antivitamins in the soybean oil meal.We are indebted to Merck and Co., Rahway, N.J., for synthetic vitamins; and to Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill., for halibut liver oil.
An extension of the concept of material symmetry

The nature of a material is in large part described by its symmetry group. It is proposed to extend this concept to a more general type of symmetry transformation, and the use of such an extension is illustrated by using it to define several classes of materials and presenting the corresponding representation theorems.
Effect of endotoxin and dietary phosphorus on the proliferation of liver reticuloendothelial and bone marrow cells

El grado mayor de proliferacion de las RE celulas despues del tratamiento de endotoxina no fue afectado por la cantidad de fosforo del regimen de alimentacion pero 1.0% del fosforo abatio el thymidine incorporado dentro del DNA de la medula orea.
Religion and Politics in the Writings of Eusebius: Reassessing the First ‘Court Theologian’

Ever since Jacob Burckhardt dismissed him as “the first thoroughly dishonest historian of antiquity,” Eusebius has been an inviting target for students of the Constantinian era. At one time or another they have characterized him as a political propagandist, a good courtier, the shrewd and worldly adviser of the Emperor Constantine, the great publicist of the first Christian emperor, the first in a long succession of ecclesiastical politicians, the herald of Byzantinism, a political theologian, a political metaphysician, and a caesaropapist. It is obvious that these are not, in the main, neutral descriptions. Much traditional scholarship, sometimes with barely suppressed disdain, has regarded Eusebius as one who risked his orthodoxy and perhaps his character because of his zeal for the Constantinian establishment.
Can metamorphic reactions proceed faster than bulk strain

Available constraints on metamorphic reaction rates derived from the study of natural systems are similar to, or slightly lower than, the bulk strain rates measured in the same rocks. Here, we explore whether this apparent relationship is merely coincidence or due to a more fundamental mechanistic link between reaction and strain. Grain boundary migration accommodated dislocation creep (GBMDC) or grain boundary diffusion creep (GBDC) (i.e. pressure solution), both of which involve dissolution-precipitation as we define it, will occur simultaneously with mineral reactions involving dissolution-precipitation in the presence of a non-zero deviatoric stress. The exact relationships between reaction and strain are different depending on whether GBMDC or GBDC is controlling strain, but the mechanistic link exists in both cases. We present theoretical arguments which show that bulk strain by GBMDC or GBDC, which may additionally be accommodated by processes not involving dissolution-precipitation, such as dislocation glide and climb or grain boundary sliding, should in most cases be somewhat faster than the bulk reaction rates as observed. With few exceptions, for natural metamorphic systems undergoing plastic deformation, strain rates provide an upper limit for bulk reaction rates occurring simultaneously in the same rocks. The data suggest that mineral reaction rates may typically be within one order of magnitude of the strain rate.
Reply to Segal: Are relationships between birth weight and intelligence quotient variation within twin pairs modulated by patterns of handedness discordance?

We are grateful for Professor Segal’s interesting letter (1), prompting us to delve deeper into a question that was nested within, but not directly addressed by our recent article (2): Are relationships between birth weight (BW) and intelligence quotient (IQ) variation within twin pairs modulated by patterns of handedness discordance? In a sample of 67 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs (of which ∼40% pairs were discordant for handedness), Professor Segal had found that lower IQ most often segregated with lower BW in handedness-discordant twin pairs when the left-handed member had the lower BW (3). This finding was argued to support two theoretical accounts for reported associations between twinning and left-handedness: the accompaniment of left-handedness by BW reduction relative to the right-handed cotwin [discordant left lighter (HDll)] indexing consequences of prenatal compromise, and left-handedness without BW reduction relative to the cotwin [discordant left heavier (HDlh)] potentially indexing the alternative mechanism of “delayed zygotic splitting and disrupted asymmetry determination” in twins.
A Simple Model of the Climatology and Variability of the Low-Level Wind Field in the Tropics

Abstract A simple model of the low-level wind field in the entire tropics is presented. The dynamics are the same as those within the familiar Gill model, i.e., linear, steady state, contained within a single vertical mode and damped by Rayleigh friction. Convective atmospheric heating can occur if a lifted air parcel is buoyant relative to its surroundings, and the heating is computed with reference to the cloud model of Yanai et al. Radiative cooling is represented by a Newtonian cooling to an equilibrium lapse rate. The model is forced by surface temperature and humidity. A qualitatively correct representation of the climatological flow is achieved. The main differences between model and observations relate to the model's inability to reproduce the intensity and limited spatial scale of the convergence zones. Model simulations of anomalous circulations are subject to the same limitations. Problems related to the lack of an explicit boundary layer in the model, the poor representation of radiation, and ...
Guided and leaky modes of circular dielectric waveguide solved with multiple special functions

Special functions with multiple values in solving the possible modes (guided and leaky) of the circular dielectric rod are analyzed in detail in this paper. By taking consideration of the physical meaning of these modes, the possible solutions are well defined and classified based on different types of special functions and Riemann sheets. Characteristic equations can be used to solve different types of modes are exhibited completely.
The propagation of plane waves in bilevel anisotropic elastic solids with nonlocal polar constitution

Abstract In analyzing problems involving material behavior from the standpoint of generalized continuum mechanics, one is often faced with different forms of anisotropy at different levels of microscopic and macroscopic aggregates within the same material. In this article, a continuum theory incorporating nonlocal effects within the microstructure of anisotropic solids is developed. In order to illustrate the mathematical development of the theory in practical applications, the theory is applied to the case of materials possessing orthotropy on the nonlocal micropolar level and transverse isotropy on the local micropolar level. This case may apply to materials such as wood and wood composites. The resulting field equations are solved for the propagation of plane waves in a bilevel, anisotropic, nonlocal, micropolar elastic solid.
Apocalypse Narrative, Chaotic System: Gilbert White’s Natural History of Selborne and Modern Ecology

The catastrophic worldview, which has been formalized into various scientific theories (punctuated equilibrium, chaos, tipping points), covets disaster as its aesthetic, with entropy and negentropy as vying principles. At the close of the eighteenth century, science centered around the new findings of Geology, and scientists like Cuvier, Lamarck, and Buffon debated the predominance of gradual change through time versus sudden, widespread calamities or ‘punctuations.’ This essay investigates Gilbert White’s Natural History of Selborne (1789), a non-fiction, late eighteenth century natural history chronicle of a single parish through decades of close environmental observation. Its epistolary form conveys an aesthetic of discrete, close readings of nature through time, and the chronicle breaks off with the catastrophic effects of the Laki volcanic eruption of 1783. I suggest ways in which White’s famous work is unusually precocious in ecological methodology, a particularly fruitful angle because my reading goes against the perennial critical reception of Selborne as a tome of Enlightenment balance and economy. Instead, I argue that White’s work is a distinctly modern vision of catastrophic change in nature that foregrounds the contemporary science of Chaos Ecology.
Situational Materialism: How Entering Lotteries May Undermine Self-Control

Although materialism is linked to self-control failure, the underlying process remains unclear. By manipulating materialistic thoughts via state-sponsored lotteries, this research examines why materialism may undermine self-control. Across four studies, this research demonstrates that entering a lottery tends to activate materialistic thoughts and that these thoughts generally constitute low-level construal, which, in turn, results in self-control failure. This effect is moderated by the degree to which people are oriented toward extrinsic values. In addition, when materialistic thoughts are diverted, entering a lottery has no effect on self-control. In summary, this research highlights that materialism, although stable and enduring, can manifest itself in a burst of materialistic thoughts. The research provides important implications for research on materialism, self-control, and mental construal.
The Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial: some of its contributions to early research in child development.

This article provides an historical review of some of the contributions of the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial to the establishment and maintenance of research in child development between 1925 and 1940. In discussing the aims of the funding agency and those of the recipients, the author uses the development of the longitudinal program at the University of California, Berkeley, as a model. The influence of the Memorial on the content and direction of early research is described, and reference is made to more recent assessments of longitudinal studies.
Using a Phonological Framework to Describe Speech Errors of Orally Trained, Hearing-Impaired School-Agers.

A phonological framework was used to analyze and describe the meaningful speech and speech errors of 13 orally trained, hearing-impaired children ages 5:11 to 15:11 enrolled in public school progra...
Surgically correctable fetal disease

This paper will give an overview of fetal intervention over the last 2 decades. It is interesting to think that what we think of as birth defects are not really such at all. They are defects that become manifest at birth but which have a long and interesting history. As Samuel Taylor Coleridge said, “The history of man for the nine months preceding his birth would be far more interesting and have events of far greater moment than all three-score and ten years that follow.” The development and evolution of fetal therapy and more specifically fetal surgery can be divided into four parts. First is a general review of the general problem of invading the uterus. Second is a discussion of what works and what does not, because we now know that there are lots of things that do not work. Third will be to review the history of one defect, diaphragmatic hernia, which will show the whole sequence of the development of fetal intervention. Finally, we look at the future of fetal therapy. The impetus to treat the fetus and thus recognize the fetus as a patient came from two sources. First were the obstetricians, perinatologists, and prenatal diagnosticians who detected the problems before birth and watched helplessly as the disease took its toll, and second were the pediatricians who treated newborn infants with devastating problems that appeared unfixable unless they were treated at an earlier stage of development. When these two groups got together, things started to happen. Hence, the field of fetal therapy and more specifically fetal surgery emerged.
Caste, Ethnicity, and the Politics of Arabness in Southern Arabia

Limbert’s essay explores the notion of Arabness. It argues that Indian Ocean experiences, histories, and debates present an alternative perspective to the one dominant in Egypt, Iraq, and the Levant. In particular, it suggests that even as late as the twentieth century, Arabness in the Arabian Peninsula and Indian Ocean circuit, which had a different history from that of Northern Arabia, was conceived more as a caste- like or class notion than an ethnic or racial one. Certainly, at specific moments and in particular contexts, there is overlap between the caste and ethnic notions and, certainly, neither should be considered essential to identity in the Middle East. Nevertheless, Limbert contends, it is through attention to the Middle East’s margins—that is, in this case, the Indian Ocean—that we might better understand the various meanings of, and shifts in, the notion of Arabness.
Conjunctival Autograft Transplantation for Unilateral Ocular Surface Diseases

Abstract Rehabilitation of the diseased ocular surface by autologous conjunctival transplantation as first described by Thoft has expanded the possibilities for eventual visual restoration of patients with severe ocular surface disease. This paper will introduce a new surgical technique for diseased ocular surface preparation and for the acquisition, transfer, and placement of a 360° ring of autologous conjunctiva in patients with unilateral surface pathology. Patients representing different unilateral surface diseases with up to 2 years follow-up are presented and discussed. Key words