cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seasonal and topographic variations in porewaters of a southeastern USA salt marsh as revealed by voltammetric profiling

We report electrochemical profiles from unvegetated surficial sediments of a Georgia salt marsh. In creek bank sediments, the absence of ΣH2S or FeSaq and the presence of Fe(III)–organic complexes suggest that Mn and Fe reduction dominates over at least the top ca. 5 cm of the sediment column, consistent with other recent results. In unvegetated flats, accumulation of ΣH2S indicates that SO42- reduction dominates over the same depth. A summer release of dissolved organic species from the dominant tall form Spartina alterniflora, together with elevated temperatures, appears to result in increased SO42- reduction intensity and hence high summer concentrations of ΣH2S in flat sediments. However, increased bioturbation and/or bioirrigation seem to prevent this from happening in bank sediments. Studies of biogeochemical processes in salt marshes need to take such spatial and temporal variations into account if we are to develop a good understanding of these highly productive ecosystems. Furthermore, multidimensional analyses are necessary to obtain adequate quantitative pictures of such heterogeneous sediments.
The effects of extrinsic reinforcement on intrinsic motivation

In this paper, the role of extrinsic reinforcement in intrinsic motivation is discussed in terms of Deci's cognitive attribution theory. The competing response hypothesis and the frustration hypothesis are presented as alternative modes of analysis. “Undermining” is the phenomenon proposed by the cognitive attribution theorists that accounts for reported decrements in intrinsically motivated behaviors following external rewards. The literature regarding undermining in token economy research is critically evaluated. The author concludes that: (a) Cognitive attribution theory lacks parsimony, in that extant reinforcement analysis can account for undermining with equal facility. (b) Undermining is of little significance as a concept, due to its elusive and transient impact on operant behavior.
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy: overcoming technical barriers for clinical translation

Clinical translation of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy is of great interest because of the advantages of noninvasive label-free imaging, high sensitivity, and chemical specificity. For this to happen, we have identified and review the technical barriers that must be overcome. Prior investigations have developed advanced techniques (features), each of which can be used to effectively overcome one particular technical barrier. However, the implementation of one or a small number of these advanced features in previous attempts for clinical translation has often introduced more tradeoffs than benefits. In this review, we outline a strategy that would integrate multiple advanced features to overcome all the technical barriers simultaneously, effectively reduce tradeoffs, and synergistically optimize CARS microscopy for clinical translation. The operation of the envisioned system incorporates coherent Raman micro-spectroscopy for identifying vibrational biomolecular markers of disease and single-frequency (or hyperspectral) Raman imaging of these specific biomarkers for real-time in vivo diagnostics and monitoring.
Telling Stories, Saving Lives: Creating Narrative Health Messages

Increasingly, health communication practitioners are exploring the use of narrative storytelling to convey health information. For this study, a narrative film was produced to provide information a...
Edge Mashups for Service-Oriented Collaboration

This paper presents the Live Distributed Objects platform that makes it possible to combine hosted content with P2P protocols in a single object-oriented framework.
Effect of fiber content on the thermoelectric behavior of cement

The effect of discontinuous stainless steel fibers (diameter 60 μm) as an admixture in cement paste on the thermoelectric behavior (the Seebeck effect) was systematically studied as a function of fiber volume fraction from 0 to 0.50 vol%. Without fibers, cement paste has an absolute thermoelectric power of +3 μV/°C. A fiber content of up to 0.20 vol% makes the absolute thermoelectric power more negative (down to −63 μV/°C), whereas a fiber content of 0.20–0.50 vol% makes the absolute thermoelectric power more positive (up to +31 μV/°C)—even more positive than the positive value for the steel fiber by itself (+8 μV/°C). The value is zero at a steel fiber content of 0.27 vol%. The effects are probably due to carrier scattering rather than conduction.
PROJECT DASHBOARD: CONCURRENT VISUAL REPRESENTATION METHOD OF PROJECT METRICS ON 3D BUILDING MODELS

Spatial and temporal data sets, and static (planned) and dynamic (actual) data that stem from temporal data, are constantly produced throughout the project lifecycle. The integration of these data creates various project metrics, which can accurately depict actual and anticipated project performance. Various 3D model-based project management systems have been introduced into AEC projects. However, these systems have been limited in their ability to visualize inter-related multiple data sets concurrently due to the fact that an adequate visual representation method had yet to be developed. This research introduces a 3D model-based visual representation method utilizing the power of information technology. The proposed representation enables the users to show a holistic picture of a project by applying the multiple project data sets to the geometric attributes (such as shapes, faces, and edges) of the 3D building model through color- tone variation and motion. The new control system is presented as a suite of 3D model-based data visualizations controlled from a user console, the Project Dashboard. The Project Dashboard introduces a new paradigm of project monitoring systems to project managers by providing intuitive information-delivery interfaces beyond the existing management and control systems.
Secondhand smoke: facts and lies

Mexico ratified the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control in 2004 and is obligated to move forward with implementing its provisions, including Article 8 (Protection from exposure to tobacco smoke). The country has already faced opposition from the tobacco industry. This paper addresses industry tactics against tobacco control, describing the general strategies that have been pursued and the evidence relevant to combating these strategies. The approaches taken by the industry in an effort to discredit the scientific foundation for promoting smokefree environments, the efforts by the industry to propose ventilation of indoor spaces and separation of smokers from nonsmokers as an effective alternative to smokefree places, and finally, the strategy of raising fear of economic losses on the part of the hospitality industry and thereby gaining this sector as an ally in campaigning against smokefree policies are considered. As reviewed in this article: 1) There is scientific consensus on the adverse effects of inhaling SHS; 2) Only smokefree places fully protect nonsmokers from inhaling SHS; and 3) Smokefree policies do not bring economic harm to the hospitality industry.
Skin Color, Life Chances, and Anti-White Attitudes

Among 312 Negro males interviewed shortly after the Watts riot, dark Negroes were found to be in lower occupational and income positions than light Negroes, even with education (as a measure of skill) held constant. Thus, skin color per se appears to structure opportunity, irrespective of educational investment (college graduates are an exception to this statement). Further, dark Negroes expressed more “anti-white system” feelings than light Negroes with higher proportions willing to use violence, expressing hostility towards whites, and opposed to integration as a goal. However, color is only a strong predictor of “anti-white system” feelings among working- and lower-class persons, among those with no social contact with whites, and among those who feel powerless to exert control through institutional channels.
A novel GTP-binding protein–adaptor protein complex responsible for export of Vangl2 from the trans Golgi network

Most cells in multicellular organisms possess a property known as polarity that is reflected, in part, in the organization of the cell surface into distinct domains. One well-known axis in epithelial cells, such as those in the skin, divides the cell into an apical domain, which faces out, and a basal domain, which faces the underlying tissue. These cells rely on the distribution of structural components inside the cell, or within the cell membrane, to tell the difference between these two directions. Epithelial cells also possess a second type of polarity, planar cell polarity, that ensures that cells adjacent to each other in the plane parallel to the skin tissue are oriented correctly with respect to each other during development. This ensures, in turn, that hairs, scales, feathers and so on are all aligned. All eukaryotic cells sort and process proteins within an organelle called the Golgi apparatus, and proteins that are required at a specific destination within the cell, such as the cell surface membrane, carry specific molecular sorting signals that act as address labels to convey the protein into and within the secretory pathway. As one of these proteins moves through the Golgi apparatus, its sorting signals are recognized by coat proteins, such as clathrin, that subsequently form a vesicle around it. The assembly of this vesicle is initiated by an enzyme from the Arf family, but the enzyme must first undergo a conformational change (by exchanging a molecule of GDP for one of GTP) before formation can begin. The resulting vesicle can then be sent on its way to the address indicated by its Golgi-to-cell-surface sorting signal. These sorting signals also help to establish planar cell polarity in cells by ensuring that proteins called signaling receptors are distributed asymmetrically within the cell membrane. Guo et al. have now examined the mechanism behind the asymmetric sorting of two proteins that are involved in planar cell polarity: Vangl2 and Frizzled 6. In an effort to understand why these proteins are localized to opposite surfaces of epithelial cells, Guo et al. used genetic techniques to reduce the expression of Golgi-localized Arf proteins in epithelial cell cultures. They found that knockdown of a protein called Arfrp1 caused Vangl2 to accumulate in the last station of the Golgi complex instead of being transported to the cell surface membrane. Then, using a technique called affinity chromatography, they demonstrated that a coat protein called the clathrin adaptor complex (AP-1) had to be present for the formation of vesicles around Vangl2. Moreover, disrupting AP-1 and Arfrp1 did not prevent Frizzled 6 being transported to the cell surface membrane. This suggests that cells use several distinct adaptor proteins and coat complexes to ensure that proteins from the Golgi apparatus go to specific locations on the cell surface and, thus, help to establish planar cell polarity.
Fasciotomy for Exertional Anterior Compartment Syndrome: Is Lateral Compartment Release Necessary?

The standard surgery for exertional anterior compartment syndrome is fasciotomy of the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg. We prospectively studied the necessity of lateral compartment release, which can add morbidity and extend recovery. We performed 30 anterior compartment releases in 20 patients (10 bilateral operations) with exertional anterior compartment syndrome but not lateral compartment involvement. We alternately performed only an anterior compartment release or both anterior and lateral compartment releases on 10 patients. The 10 patients who underwent bilateral surgery each had, during the same surgery, an anterior and lateral compartment release on one leg and only an anterior compartment release on the other. All were athletes involved in running sports. Overall, satisfactory outcomes were seen in 90% of the limbs--93% (14 of 15) that had anterior compartment release and 87% (13 of 15) that had release of both compartments (no statistically significant difference). For the patients who had unilateral surgery, the average time for full return to sports was 8.1 weeks after anterior release only and 11.4 weeks after release of both compartments, a statistically significant difference. The average time for full return to sports after bilateral surgery was 12.1 weeks. Among these patients, seven said that the leg with only anterior release seemed to recover faster. We concluded that when doing a fasciotomy for exertional anterior compartment syndrome alone, a lateral compartment release is not necessary.
Spermine inhibition of the 2,5-diaziridinyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DZQ) crosslinking reaction with DNA duplexes containing poly(purine). poly(pyrimidine) tracts.

Upon reduction, 2,5-diaziridinyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DZQ) can form an interstrand guanine to guanine crosslink with DNA duplexes containing a d(GC).d(GC) dinucleotide step. The reaction is enhanced by a thymine positioned 5[prime] to each guanine [i.e. in a d(TGCA). d(TGCA) duplex fragment]. Here we show that spermine can inhibit DZQ crosslink formation in duplexes of sequence d[C(N6)TGCA(M6)C]. d[G(M[prime]6)TG-CA(N[prime]6)G]. For N6= M6= GGGGGG, N6= M6= a 'random' sequence and N6= GGGGGG and M6= a 'random' sequence, spermine concentrations of 20, 1 and 3 microM, respectively, were required for 50% inhibition of the DZQ crosslink. This suggests that spermine is more strongly bound to the polyguanosine tract than the random sequence, making it less available for crosslink inhibition. When the polyguanosine tract is interrupted by N 7-deazaguanine (D) located three bases, d(CGGGDGGTGCAGGDGGGC), and four bases, d(CG-GDGGGTGCAGGGDGGC), from the d(TGCA).d(TGCA) site, 30 and 3 microM spermine, respectively, were required for 50% crosslink inhibition. We suggest that this difference is due to the relative proximity of the three-guanosine tract to the d(TGCA).d(TGCA) site. We were able to confirm these conclusions with further experiments using duplexes containing three-guanosine and two-guanosine tracts and from computer simulations of the spermine-DNA complexes.
Dietary Sodium and Blood Pressure

The importance of dietary sodium chloride in the regulation of blood pressure has received much attention over the past few years. This area of research and knowledge has been controversial for several reasons. The major reason for controversy is that the science of the relationship is difficult to ascertain. Population science is limited by the narrow range of dietary sodium intake by most populations and individuals and the multiple confounders in those populations at the extremes of intake. Results from clinical trials have been difficult to interpret because of the difficulty in maintaining a given level of sodium intake over a period of time sufficient for study. Furthermore, basic science studies have been challenged by identifying appropriate models that mimic salt-sensitive hypertension in humans. Moreover, a lack of a well-funded proponent in industry complicates the research challenges. Guyton’s concept that the role of the kidney in handling sodium is key to the long-term regulation of blood pressure is now generally accepted.1 However, the exact role that dietary sodium plays in this relationship remains controversial. The relationship between renal handling of sodium and blood pressure is apparently influenced by a complex combination of factors including nutritional, other environmental, genetic, neurohormonal, and metabolic factors. The skepticism of many regarding the role of dietary sodium in blood pressure regulation and control has been tempered by the results of the DASH sodium study.2 Most acknowledge that this study reliably confirmed the benefit of dietary sodium restriction in blood pressure management. The study showed a dose-dependent impact of dietary sodium restriction on blood pressure in older hypertensive and nonhypertensive subjects. For many interested in this area of research, the questions have shifted as a result of the DASH sodium study. Rather than questioning whether dietary sodium is important, many investigators have turned their …
A comparison of traditional vs. Canadian tailored prophylaxis dosing of prophylactic factor infusions in children with haemophilia A and B in a single hemophilia treatment center

Prophylactic infusion of clotting factor concentrates is a developing standard of care for individuals with haemophilia. The ideal schedule and techniques of prophylactic infusions remain incompletely defined. Our aim was to determine the optimal techniques and schedules for factor prophylaxis in paediatric patients. A retrospective electronic medical record review of all children treated with prophylactic factor infusions in a single Haemophilia Treatment Center was conducted. Comparison of traditional vs. Canadian dosing regimens and primary vs. secondary prophylaxis was made. Failure of prophylaxis was defined as the first serious bleed. A total of 58 children were identified for review. Five cases were excluded (four due to high titre inhibitors and one due to repeated non-compliance), thus there were 53 total cases: 46 with severe haemophilia, 2 with moderate haemophilia, 5 with mild haemophilia, 44 with haemophilia A and 9 with haemophilia B; 32 Traditional dosing and 21 Canadian dosing regimens. Patients on primary prophylaxis had a decreased failure rate (25%) compared to children treated with secondary prophylaxis (67%) regardless of technique of prophylaxis. When compared to a 'Traditional' factor prophylaxis schedule, the 'Canadian' tailored prophylaxis protocol was comparable with the exception of a decreased use of implanted venous devices in the 'Canadian' group. Ongoing bleeding (primarily joint bleeds) occurs with all prophylactic regimens. The lowest incidence of treatment failure was noted in children who began primary prophylaxis at a young age and before initial joint bleeds. Primary prophylaxis is superior to secondary prophylaxis regardless of dosing regimen. Traditional and Canadian dosing regimens were equivalent in outcome when measured over several years of follow-up.
Functional Surfaces of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Capsid Protein

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 initially assembles and buds as an immature particle that is organized by the viral Gag polyprotein. Gag is then proteolyzed to produce the smaller capsid protein CA, which forms the central conical capsid that surrounds the RNA genome in the mature, infectious virus. To define CA surfaces that function at different stages of the viral life cycle, a total of 48 different alanine-scanning surface mutations in CA were tested for their effects on Gag protein expression, processing, particle production and morphology, capsid assembly, and infectivity. The 27 detrimental mutations fall into three classes: 13 mutations significantly diminished or altered particle production, 9 mutations failed to assemble normal capsids, and 5 mutations supported normal viral assembly but were nevertheless reduced more than 20-fold in infectivity. The locations of the assembly-defective mutations implicate three different CA surfaces in immature particle assembly: one surface encompasses helices 4 to 6 in the CA N-terminal domain (NTD), a second surrounds the crystallographically defined CA dimer interface in the C-terminal domain (CTD), and a third surrounds the loop preceding helix 8 at the base of the CTD. Mature capsid formation required a distinct surface encompassing helices 1 to 3 in the NTD, in good agreement with a recent structural model for the viral capsid. Finally, the identification of replication-defective mutants with normal viral assembly phenotypes indicates that CA also performs important nonstructural functions at early stages of the viral life cycle.
Role of lipooligosaccharide in virulence of the Brazilian purpuric fever clone of Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius for infant rats

Clonally related strains of Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius have recently been associated with Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF), a fulminant, systemic disease in children. Using an infant rat bacteremia model for BPF, we found that a rat blood-passaged BPF isolate of H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius was more virulent than the original strain was. When compared with the original strain, the animal-passaged variant was found to display an altered lipooligosaccharide (LOS) phenotype and to lack pili. To examine the role of LOS phenotype and pili in virulence, we isolated isogenic variants differing in LOS phenotype or expression of pili. The virulence of variants was compared by examining the results of blood cultures obtained 24 h after intraperitoneal inoculation with 10(5) CFU. Our results indicate that the LOS phenotype is a critical determinant of BPF clone virulence for infant rats. To a lesser extent, the absence of piliation and an undefined additional factor(s) contribute to virulence.
Variation in criminal justice policy-making: an exploratory study using sex offender registration and community notification laws

Variation in Sex Offender Registration and Community Notification (SORCN) policies may suggest differences in public fears of sexual crimes as well as differences in state-level policy-making. This study explored the standardization of SORCN policies across a sample of five midwestern states. A thematic content analysis showed that states varied in how registrants were defined, what information was selected for public notification, and how sex offender laws are maintained. A typology of revisions emerged, which may inform our understanding about policy-making. Ultimately, existing research provides limited explanations for these results, serving as an impetus for future research on context and process of criminal justice policy change. Language: en
Spontaneous Cognitive Flexibility and an Encompassing System of Epistemological Beliefs

The model presented links an array of epistemological beliefs to cognitive flexibility and is based on three fundamental theory statements. First, beliefs in multiple solutions, multiple sources of knowledge, and connected knowing can motivate learners to search for more than one option for finding solutions or viewpoints. Second, beliefs in tentative knowledge, separate knowing, and complex knowledge can encourage learners to reactivate their search for solutions based on the passage of time or a trigger event. Third, beliefs in gradual learning, complex knowledge, and tentative knowledge can encourage learners to resist premature closure. Two assumptions underlie these three statements. First, cognitive flexibility includes adaptive changing and monitoring the efficacy of the change. Second, changing or adapting one’s thinking capriciously is not cognitive flexibility. Rather, unbridled change is an aberrant manifestation of context sensitivity.
Comment on B. du Marais et al.: Rating the Law - How Financial Agencies are Assessing the Legal Risks of Financial Transactions

Professor du Marais and his colleagues analyze the way CRAs condition their ratings on the effectiveness of debt collection. Three such agencies are studied: Standard and Poor, Moody's and Fitch. The method used was to conduct interviews of stakeholders, the CRAs, top managers of all kinds of issuers, and staff of the regulators. All of these interviews were conducted in France. This paper is in the line of papers that make serious studies of private institutions that affect the law and markets. These institutions have not received sufficient scrutiny, so this paper is welcome. In my view, the paper's positive findings are valuable but its normative critique needs more work. Thus, this Comment should be taken as a request for further research. My remarks are in three categories: market responses; ratings criteria; and data issues.
Hurricane Isaac: A Longitudinal Analysis of Storm Characteristics and Power Outage Risk.

In August 2012, Hurricane Isaac, a Category 1 hurricane at landfall, caused extensive power outages in Louisiana. The storm brought high winds, storm surge, and flooding to Louisiana, and power outages were widespread and prolonged. Hourly power outage data for the state of Louisiana were collected during the storm and analyzed. This analysis included correlation of hourly power outage figures by zip code with storm conditions including wind, rainfall, and storm surge using a nonparametric ensemble data mining approach. RESULTS were analyzed to understand how correlation of power outages with storm conditions differed geographically within the state. This analysis provided insight on how rainfall and storm surge, along with wind, contribute to power outages in hurricanes. By conducting a longitudinal study of outages at the zip code level, we were able to gain insight into the causal drivers of power outages during hurricanes. Our analysis showed that the statistical importance of storm characteristic covariates to power outages varies geographically. For Hurricane Isaac, wind speed, precipitation, and previous outages generally had high importance, whereas storm surge had lower importance, even in zip codes that experienced significant surge. The results of this analysis can inform the development of power outage forecasting models, which often focus strictly on wind-related covariates. Our study of Hurricane Isaac indicates that inclusion of other covariates, particularly precipitation, may improve model accuracy and robustness across a range of storm conditions and geography. Language: en
Gyroscopic optomechanics

Optically-induced forces can lead to mechanical deformation for micro- or nano-structures. Scattering optical forces and gradient optical forces, both originating from the linear momentum of light, have been widely demonstrated. Here we suggest the use of gyroscopic optical forces, originating from the angular momentum of light, to facilitate mechanical deformation. We calculated gyroscopic precession by light, arising from the angular momentum of a circularly polarized beam of light propagating inside a bent nano-waveguide. This gyroscopic optical force can deform the structure, with right-handed and left-handed circular polarization inducing opposite displacements.
The b-f-m Diagram for Downstream Hydraulic Geometry

ABSTRACTThe b-f-m diagram can be used to interpret the downstream hydraulic geometry of rivers. Six lines representing thresholds of adjustment to downstream changes in discharge and sediment load ...
Information at the Point of Care: Answering Clinical Questions

As physicians, we gather infonnation from patients in the fonn of answers to questions, patient stories, physical examination maneuvers, and test results. We integrate that infonnation with what we already know about our patient, his or her family and community, and infonnation from original research, colleagues, textbooks, and other sources. We then develop a plan for evaluation and management, and implement it by communicating it to the patient and other parts of the health system. This flow of infonnation is expensive: physicians spend more than one third of their time recording and synthesizing infonnation. Further, communications eat up one third of a typical hospital's budget.1 Unfortunately, as we approach the 21st century, most physicians are still using outdated tools to manage medical infonnation. We scribble illegible notes in a chart, try to keep problem and medication lists up-to-date by hand, send letters to consultants, and telephone the laboratory for results. Questions arise at the point of care but go unanswered. Practice patterns ossify, and our textbooks grow out-of-date. Several questions arise as we consider this dilemma: 1. Just what questions do clinicians ask at the point of care? 2. What is the relationship between clinical
Evaluation of a Latex Agglutination Test for Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile–Associated Colitis

Current methods for diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated colitis (CAC) based on detection of cytotoxin B by a tissue culture assay (TCA) require technical expertise and up to 48 hours incubation. Recently, a latex agglutination (LA) test (Marion Laboratories) for rapid diagnosis of CAC has become available. Although early evaluations have been favorable, new evidence suggests that the LA reagent binds a soluble bacterial antigen that is not unique to toxigenic strains of C. difficile. The authors examined 201 stools received for CAC testing by LA and a reference TCA and investigated discrepant results. They obtained 29 LA(+)/TCA(+) and 155 LA(-)/TCA(-) results. Eleven patients had LA(+)/TCA(+) and 155 LA(-)/TCA(-) results. Eleven patients had LA(+)/TCA(-) results and 6 had LA(-)/TCA(+) results. The sensitivity and specificity of the LA were 83% and 93%, respectively, compared with TCA. The predictive values of positive and negative results obtained with the LA were 72% and 96%, respectively. Concentrated broth supernatants and live suspensions of three C. difficile isolates with LA(+)/TCA(-) results were tested in a rabbit ileal loop assay. All failed to demonstrate ability to produce an enterotoxin. The authors conclude that the LA method is suitable for rapid screening, but LA(+) results require confirmation by testing with other methods.
The interferons. A clinician's view.

Interferons represent a newly available, unique form of therapy for a variety of cutaneous diseases. The several subclasses all possess antiproliferative, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties. Clinical application of the interferons has been a popular subject in the lay press. Unfortunately, at present the scientific data supporting their use seem considerably less optimistic than might be suspected even on the basis of isolated case reports. These agents offer potential therapy against genital and nongenital warts, actinic keratoses, basal cell carcinomas, and herpes simplex. Additional dermatologic diseases such as mycosis fungoides may also eventually respond favorably. Flu-like side effects coupled with psychiatric abnormalities and even an organic brain syndrome limit usefulness in certain chronic diseases. As with all other therapies, the risk versus benefit ratio must be considered before being seduced by the spectrum of a new wonder drug.
TCT-227 Is aspiration thrombectomy beneficial in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention? An updated meta-analysis of randomized trials

Recent randomized trials have failed to demonstrate clinical benefit from aspiration thrombectomy prior to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, it is unclear whether aspects of this procedure (i.e. co-administration of
The influence of hydrostatic pressure on the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of DyRu2Si2

We report the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the tetragonal rare-earth compound DyRu2Si2 under applied hydrostatic pressure. The isothermal entropy change ( ΔS) and the adiabatic temperature change ( ΔTad) were calculated from magnetization data collected at different applied pressures and from heat capacity measurements conducted at atmospheric pressure, respectively. The application of hydrostatic pressure significantly modified the multi-step magnetization curve and the saturation magnetization. A suppression of the magnetization was observed for P = 0.588 GPa and P = 0.654 GPa whereas, at about P ≈1 GPa, the saturation magnetization increased and the magnetization isotherms again resembled the curves measured at atmospheric pressure. A small thermal hysteresis was observed between the heating and cooling M(T) curves at Tt=3.4 K, with an applied magnetic field of H = 0.1 T. This thermal hysteresis indicates a first-order like transition which was also supported by the Arrott plot analysis. T...
Authenticity and well-being: Exploring positivity and negativity in interactions as a mediator

Abstract Personality-level authenticity is a robust predictor of both well- and ill-being. Recent research has explored the ways in which this element of personality is associated with interpersonal relationships and interactions. The present study examines the valence of interpersonal interactions (i.e., positivity and lack of negativity) as a mediator of the associations between authenticity and well-/ill-being. Participants reported authenticity at baseline, recorded their perceptions of valence for each interaction in which they participated for two weeks, and reported several indicators of well- and ill-being at follow-up. We then averaged each interaction valence report within participants to get a participant-level (i.e., chronic) measurement of interaction valence. Results revealed that authenticity positively predicted well-being and that interaction valence mediated these associations. These same mediation analyses were not significant for ill-being, though all results were in the predicted directions. Results were interpreted as evidence suggesting that the personality trait of authenticity has implications for interaction with others and that these interactions, in turn, may have implications for one's state of being.
Targeting cancer with tumor-specific therapeutic strategies-metabolic reprogramming beyond the Warburg effect.

Although metabolic reprogramming has only recently been characterized as an emerging hallmark of cancer (1), that cancer cells utilize nutrients differently than non-malignant cells is a principle that was observed almost a century ago. In the 1920’s, Otto Warburg identified that tumors demonstrated increased glycolytic flux relative to adjacent normal tissues and had an increased reliance on glycolysis relative to oxidative phosphorylation for ATP production (2). He found that even in aerobic conditions, cancer cells preferentially utilized glycolysis despite its inefficiencies. Thus, the concept of targeting a tumor cell’s source of nutrition as an anti-cancer strategy became a viable approach. We have selectively targeted colon cancer cells by exploiting their propensity for increased glycolytic flux using a non-metabolizable glucose analog to enhance sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis (3).
Misturando-se nas universidades brasileiras: analisando processos de globalização em políticas de ação afirmativa

In the article, race- and class-based affirmative action policies for higher education serve as a case study for examining globalization discourses and processes in the Brazilian context. The objective of the article is to show how globalization processes in the educational arena can be better understood when examined for a blend of diverse ideological paradigms. An historical and contemporary discussion of the Brazilian higher education context in conjunction with content analysis of government policy texts reveals a negotiation of extra-national interests and national contextual factors and concerns that results in a blending or coexistence of so-called alternative and hegemonic ideologies and ideas into national education reform. The findings also suggest that affirmative action resituates higher education in a global era in relation to, not in spite of, Brazil’s unique historical, social, and economic context
Targeting bone morphogenic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) signalling to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension

BMPR signalling may be a therapeutic target for PAH, but further studies are neededhttp://ow.ly/KokP30efxbf
Model employers and model cities?: Bangalore’s public sector and the rise of the neoliberal city

ABSTRACTBangalore is held up as a model for how cities, particularly in the global south, should develop in the globalized information age, in which entrepreneurs with new access to international capital fuel service-sector-driven development. Expanding market forces cultivate cities of skilled middle-class workers whose increased consumption generates broad developmental benefits. Now known as the “Silicon Valley of India,” Bangalore was previously the capital of India’s public sector enterprises (PSEs), which laid important groundwork for the city of today, including the IT sector. I show how, by providing access to homeownership along with high wages and benefits tied to secure employment, Bangalore’s PSEs created the foundation for the city today and its middle-class character. The skilled workforce that PSEs created helped the IT sector emerge in the city. By examining this erased history, we see the role of the state in development projects, and consider alternative models for urban change.
FCM data analysis on nearly homogeneous samples

During data acquisition, the flow cytometer measures the light-scattering properties and fluorescence characteristics of each cell in sequence. The main purpose of the next step, data analysis, is to identify the cells of interest. This process involves distinguishing any abnormal cell population present from normal cell types and, when an abnormal population is found, determining its lineage, maturity, and other characteristics (cell size, antigens expressed, fluorescence pattern of the antigenic expression). The antigenic profile of the abnormal population may lead to a specific diagnosis.
Antenna measurements through planar near field apparatus: An educational paradigm linking electromagnetic theory, sampling techniques, and FFT

Integrating antenna pattern measurements in the classroom offers many captivating insights about electromagnetic fields that is visually appealing to young scientists and students. In particular, the planar near-field measurement techniques allow instructors to connect to fundamental knowledge about antennas. Challenging concepts become immediately a hands-on discussion while providing students an important application of fundamental electrical engineering and electromagnetic theories. Our table-top bipolar apparatus also brings out a discussion on the challenges of measurements at high frequencies, such as mmWaves, where cable movement and flexing can cause significant errors. This paper suggests planar near-field measurements as an educational paradigm linking electromagnetic theory, sampling techniques, and FFT.
Extragonadal Actions of FSH: A Critical Need for Novel Genetic Models

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is critical for ovarian folliculogenesis and essential for female fertility. FSH binds to FSH receptors (FSHRs) and regulates estrogen production in ovarian granulosa cells to orchestrate female reproductive physiology. Ovarian senescence that occurs as a function of aging results in loss of estrogen production, and this is believed to be the major reason for bone loss in postmenopausal women. Although conflicting, studies in rodents and humans during the last decade have provided genetic, pharmacological, and physiological evidence that elevated FSH levels that occur in the face of normal or declining estrogen levels directly regulate bone mass and adiposity. Recently, an efficacious blocking polyclonal FSHβ antibody was developed that inhibited ovariectomy-induced bone loss and triggered white-to-brown fat conversion accompanied by mitochondrial biogenesis in mice. Moreover, additional nongonadal targets of FSH action have been identified, and these include the female reproductive tract (endometrium and myometrium), the placenta, hepatocytes, and blood vessels. In this mini-review, I summarize these studies in mice and humans and discuss critical gaps in our knowledge, yet unanswered questions, and the rationale for developing novel genetic models to unambiguously address the extragonadal actions of FSH.
Personal values and support for Donald Trump during the 2016 US presidential primary

Abstract Donald Trump's ascension to the Republican Party nomination and election as President of the United States in 2016 was a surprise to many political analysts. This article examines the notion that personal values played an important role in support for Trump. Using data from the Trump Similarity Values Test (N = 1825), a web based personality test that provides users with feedback on their similarity to Donald Trump, this article shows that personal values played a role in support for Donald Trump. First, people who supported Trump were more likely have a value profile characterized by low Altruism and high Power, Commerce, and Tradition. Second, people with a values profile similar to Trump's (presumed) values profile were more likely to support Trump. These results held even after controlling for party affiliation and political ideology, indicating that personal values were an even stronger predictor of support for Trump than traditional political attitudes.
Two Degrees of Freedom Without Symmetry

The main focus of the present volume has been bifurcation problems in one state variable. In this chapter and the next we anticipate Volume II by discussing certain limited aspects of the singularity theory of bifurcation problems with several state variables. For the most part, such problems have rather high codimensions, at least in the absence of symmetry. For example, 8 is the lowest possible codimension for a bifurcation problem in three or more state variables. In two state variables, 3 is the minimum codimension. In this chapter we study bifurcation problems in two state variables with codimension 3.
Embedding Imperatives in English

Although it has generally been claimed otherwise (cf. Katz and Postal 1964, Sadock and Zwicky 1985, Palmer 1986, Rivero and Terzi 1995, Platzack and Rosengren 1998, Han 1998 among others), it holds that embedded imperatives exist in English. We describe their main characteristics and provide an account of these by relying on Schwager’s (2006) propositional analysis of imperatives, where imperatives are treated as modalized sentences. The imperative modal is thereby relativized to eventualities (cf. Hacquard 2006).
A Lexical Network Approach for Identifying Suicidal Ideation in Clinical Interview Transcripts

Preventing suicide requires early identification of suicidal ideation. In this research, we propose an approach to evaluate whether an individual’s statements during a clinical interview can be classified as coming from a suicidal or non-suicidal mindset. To do so, we compare the statements with distinct lexical associative networks constructed from corpora of suicidal and control texts. Each node in these networks is a word, and the weight of the edge between every word pair indicates how strongly the words are associated in that corpus. Several metrics of association are evaluated in this work. Preliminary results show good classification performance with above 75% accuracy on novel test data.
Sixty years of community change in the prairie–savanna–forest mosaic of Wisconsin

Biodiversity loss is a global concern, and maintaining habitat complexity in naturally patchy landscapes can help retain regional diversity. A mosaic of prairie, savanna, and forest historically occurred across central North America but currently is highly fragmented due to human land conversion. It is unclear how each habitat type now contributes to regional diversity. Using legacy data, we resurveyed savanna plant communities originally surveyed in the 1950s to compare change in savannas to that in remnant forests and prairies. Savanna community structure and composition changed substantially over the past 60 years. Tree canopy density nearly doubled and many prairie and savanna specialist species were replaced by forest and non-native species. All three habitats gained and lost many species since the 1950s, resulting in large changes in community composition from local colonizations and extinctions. Across all three habitats, regional species extinctions matched that of regional colonization resulting in no net change in regional species richness. Synthesis-Despite considerable species turnover within savannas, many species remain within the broader prairie-savanna-forest mosaic. Both regional extinctions and colonizations were high over the past 60 years, and maintaining the presence of all three community types-prairie, savanna and forest-on the landscape is critical to maintaining regional biodiversity.
Abstract 234: Nuclear Export of Telomeric Repeat Binding Factor 2 (terf2)-interacting Protein (terf2ip) Expression, One of the Sherterin Complex Molecule, is Crucial for Disturbed Flow-induced Endothelial Inflammation and Senescence via Upregulating Terf2ip S205 Phosphorylation

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease mainly caused by endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction resulting from EC senescence. Both EC inflammation and senescence are increased by disturbed flow (d-f...
Interacting young M-dwarfs in triple system – Par 1802 binary system case study

The binary star Par 1802 in the Orion Nebula presents an interesting puzzle in the field of stellar dynamics and evolution. Binary systems such as Par 1802 are thought to form from the same natal material and thus the stellar members are expected to have very similar physical attributes. However, Par 1802's stars have significantly different temperatures despite their identical (within $3\%$) masses of about $0.39$ solar mass. The leading proof-of-concept idea is that a third companion gravitationally induced the two stars to orbit closer than their Roche-limit, which facilitated heating through tidal effects. Here we expand on this idea and study the three-body dynamical evolution of such a system, including tidal and pre-main-sequence evolution. We also include tidal heating and mass transfer at the onset of Roche-limit Crossing. We show, as a proof-of-concept, that mass transfer combined with tidal heating can naturally explain the observed temperature discrepancy. We also predict the orbital configuration of the possible tertiary companion. Finally we suggest that the dynamical evolution of such a system has pervasive consequences. We expect an abundance of systems to undergo mass transfer during their pre-main-sequence time, which can cause temperature differences.
Physicochemical Implications of Cyanobacteria Oxidation with Fe(Vi)

Abstract Increases in harmful algal blooms has negatively impacted many surface-sourced drinking water utilities. To control these blooms, many water utilities implement pre-oxidation with ozone, chlorine, or permanganate; however, pre-oxidation of algae has both positive and negative water quality outcomes. This study investigated ferrate (Fe(VI)) as an alternative oxidant by measuring its effect on cell lysing, surface characteristics, and coagulation in waters containing the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa. Bench scale studies were conducted to examine the complex combination of processes in a Fe(VI)-algae system. These processes were characterized by fluorescence index, surface charge, collision frequency modeling, particle counts and sphericity, total nitrogen, and ferrate decomposition measurements. Results showed that Fe(VI) lysed algal cells, but further oxidation of released organic matter is possible. The presence of algae did not significantly impact the rate of Fe(VI) decomposition. Fe(VI) pre-oxidation may also be capable of decreasing the formation of nitrogenated disinfection byproducts through subsequent oxidation of released nitrogen rich organic matter. Streaming current and zeta potential results indicate destabilization of the resulting algae and iron suspension was incomplete under most conditions. Particle collision frequency modeling indicates fluid shear to be an important aggregation mechanism of the resulting suspension. Overall, Fe(VI) is a viable alternative to other strong oxidants for water utilities struggling with harmful algal blooms, but the final fate of the resulting organic matter must be further studied.