cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patient-Reported Mental Health Score Influences Physical Function After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Despite the effectiveness of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), patients often have lingering pain and dysfunction. Recent studies have raised concerns that preoperative mental health may negatively affect outcomes after TKA. The primary aim of this study investigates the relationship between patient-reported mental health and postoperative physical function following TKA. Methods A retrospective study of 1392 primary TKA patients was performed. Mental health and physical function scores were measured using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Health, and PROMIS Physical Function 10a and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Physical Function (KOOS-PS) short forms. These assessments were completed preoperatively and up to 1-year postoperatively. Patients were stratified based on preoperative mental health scores into five distinct categories ranging from “Poor” to “Excellent.” Locally estimated scatter plot smoothing curves (LOESS) were fit to the data examining physical function score trends over time. Results Patients with higher mental health scores before surgery demonstrated better preoperative and postoperative physical function scores. However, all patients experienced similar gains in physical function following surgery. Despite this early improvement, patients with the worst mental health scores experienced a sharp decline in physical function approximately a year after surgery and did not appear to recover. Conclusions Poor mental health should not be a contraindication for performing TKA. For patients with the lowest mental health scores, physicians should account for the possibility that physical function scores may deteriorate a year after surgery. Tighter follow-up guidelines, more frequent physical therapy visits, or treatment for mental health issues may be considered to counter such deterioration.
Natural Orifice Intra-Corporeal Anastomosis with Extraction: The NICE Procedure for Robotic Left-Sided Colorectal Resection for Benign Disease

Natural orifice-assisted colorectal resection serves the advantage of utilizing the rectum for extraction of the specimen and facilitates a total intracorporeal anastomosis. This technique carries many patient benefits resulting from eliminating the need for an extraction incision including decreased surgical site infection rate and reduced pain and hernia risk. Although first described over 25 years ago, it is estimated that less than 1% of laparoscopic procedures are accomplished in this fashion. Recently, there has been much enthusiasm using the enabling technologies afforded by the robotic platform. We present a stepwise approach to perform Natural orifice Intra-Corporeal anastomosis with Extraction – the NICE procedure – for benign disease requiring a left-sided colorectal resection.
Immature olfactory sensory neurons provide behaviorally useful sensory input to the olfactory bulb

Postnatal neurogenesis provides an opportunity to understand how newborn neurons functionally integrate into circuits to restore lost function. Newborn olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) wire into highly organized olfactory bulb (OB) circuits throughout life, enabling lifelong plasticity and regeneration. Immature OSNs can form functional synapses capable of evoking firing in OB projection neurons. However, what contribution, if any, immature OSNs make to odor processing is unknown. Indeed, because immature OSNs can express multiple odorant receptors, any input that they do provide could degrade the odorant selectivity of input to OB glomeruli. Here, we used a combination of in vivo 2-photon calcium imaging, optogenetics, electrophysiology and behavioral assays to show that immature OSNs provide odor input to the OB, where they form monosynaptic connections with excitatory neurons. Importantly, immature OSNs responded as selectively to odorants as mature OSNs. Furthermore, mice successfully performed odor detection tasks using sensory input from immature OSNs alone. Immature OSNs responded more strongly to low odorant concentrations but their responses were less concentration dependent than those of mature OSNs, suggesting that immature and mature OSNs provide distinct odor input streams to each glomerulus. Together, our findings suggest that sensory input mediated by immature OSNs plays a previously unappreciated role in olfactory-guided behavior.
"Since I'm a little bit more mature": contraception and the arc of time for women in midlife.

Contraceptive methods have rapidly evolved over the past several decades, but little research has explored how women interact with contraception over time. Exploring contraceptive beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes of women in midlife can reveal much about how lived experience affects contraceptive decisions and reproductive health choices. Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 women between the ages of 40 and 55 who had not reached menopause and did not have a permanent method of sterilization. Data were coded using qualitative descriptive methods. Three major themes were identified: 1) journey toward empowerment; 2) finding the right fit: evolution over time; and 3) anticipating a transition. Past experiences with or fear of side effects and hormones were common reasons to change or avoid certain contraceptive methods. Most participants were happy with their contraceptive method; however, those who were unhappy were more likely to vocalize fatigue at continuing to need contraception as menopause approached. Approaching contraceptive counseling from a place that considers the journey with contraception over a reproductive life span will help identify how beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes of women affect their contraceptive practices and choices.
Necropolitical Governance and State-Corporate Harms: COVID-19 and the U.S. Pork Packing Industry

The coronavirus pandemic has magnified the interdependence of the state and corporations in the pork packing industry. In 2020, when over 67,000 meatpacking and processing workers were infected wit...
Apple's Design Guru: Jony Ive

In a surprise notice late on Thursday, June 20, 2019, Apple announced that its chief design officer, Jonathan "Jony" Ive, would be leaving the company later in the year. With nearly 5,000 patents to his name, Ive was the guru behind the design of Apple's most iconic products—the iMac, the MacBook, the iPod, the iPhone, the iPad, and the Apple Watch. Working side by side with Apple's founder, Steve Jobs, Ive led what was arguably the most successful design operation in the history of business, and the inspiration for a whole new generation of consumer electronics. It was not an exaggeration to say that the work of his design team had rescued Apple from the edge of the abyss, and made it one of the most highly valued companies in the world. The news of his departure hit the company hard: its share price dropped quickly, wiping out over $8 billion in market value.Could Apple's new CEO, Tim Cook, ever replace Ive? What was the future of the company without him? Excerpt UVA-S-0320 Dec. 4, 2019 Apple's Design Guru: Jony Ive In a surprise notice late on Thursday, June 20, 2019, Apple Inc. (Apple) announced that its chief design officer, Jonathan "Jony" Ive, would be leaving the company later in the year. Ive was the guru behind the design of Apple's most iconic products—the iMac, the MacBook, the iPod, the iPhone, the iPad, and the Apple Watch. Working side by side with Apple's founder, Steve Jobs, Ive led what was arguably the most successful design operation in the history of business, and the inspiration for a whole new generation of consumer electronics. It was not an exaggeration to say that the work of his design team had rescued Apple from the edge of the abyss, and made it one of the most highly valued companies in the world. And now he was moving on. Ive's departure would leave a gaping hole. Ive alone had nearly 5,000 patents to his name. The news of his departure hit the company hard: its share price dropped quickly, wiping out over $ 8billion in market value. Could Apple's new CEO, Tim Cook, ever replace Ive? What was the future of the company without him? . . .
Dominant Discourses and Teachers’ Comparative Sensemaking through Internationally Sited Professional Development Experience

The United Arab Emirates’ education policy agenda is focused on a singular goal: to be one of the top 20 countries in PISA 2022. The focus on PISA has become so robust in the UAE that it is now a central component of teachers’ professional development. This article explores teachers’ sensemaking of dominant education policy discourses through their experience in an internationally sited professional development program in Vietnam – a country whose 2015 PISA performance inspired the education policy reform in the UAE. The findings presented in this article highlight teachers’ deficit framing of difference and their performative adoption of STREAM-focused practices to replicate Vietnam’s 2015 PISA scores. This article concludes with recommendations for future research to better understand the ways in which dominant discourses inform teachers’ professional development, and opportunities to expand teachers’ roles in the policymaking process.
Luminescent Metalenses for Focusing Spontaneous Emission

While phased-array metasurfaces have been used extensively for wavefront shaping of coherent light, their capability to control spontaneous emission is an open question. Here, we demonstrate metalenses that emit focused beams and compare the focusing performance across different devices. The developed concepts open new possibilities for development of versatile light sources.
Overview of Dynamic Musculoskeletal Modeling

It is now the new millenium, and 3-D is where it’s at! The past few decades have seen an endless parade of analyses and modeling efforts confined to a two dimensional plane. In the past, limitations in computational power required such models to be simplified as far as one dared. Small and simple was good in many ways. Results could be easily interpreted, and generalities of the system were easily illuminated by elegant models, analyses, and interpretations. However, times have changed ! With the advent of the inexpensive and powerful desktop computer, the new focus is upon creating models that are ever more realistic and accurate in terms of their predictive power.
A Joint Econometric Model of Marriage and Partner Choice

OLS estimates of partner choice equations are biased when the unobservables determining partner choice are correlated with the unobservables determining the likelihood of marriage. This paper presents an example. A theoretical model generates a two-equation empirical model in which unobserverables are correlated a priori. Estimates of the model using data from the PSID indicate that men and women select positively into marriage. OLS estimates of the effects of education and race (black relative to white) on partner's education are biased downward.
Beta-bungarotoxin. Preparation and characterization of crystals suitable for structural analysis.

Abstract Phospholipases in some snake venoms are potent neurotoxins that target their enzymatic action to the synaptic membrane. One of these is the heterodimeric neurotoxin, beta-bungarotoxin, which binds with a protease inhibitor-like subunit to a presynaptic potassium channel and then blocks neurotransmission with a second subunit that has phospholipase A2 activity. We have prepared and characterized well ordered crystals of the most toxic beta-bungarotoxin isoform, beta 1-bungarotoxin. The crystals are monoclinic, space group C2, with unit cell parameters: a = 176.5 A, b = 39.3 A, c = 92.7 A, and beta = 114.8 degrees. Rotation-function analysis of the Patterson function, as calculated from a 2.3-A data set, reveals an asymmetric unit composed of four heterodimers. These heterodimers appear to be associated as two crystallographically distinct (AB)4 tetramers, each having dihedral D2 symmetry. The two are positioned with equivalent molecular 2-fold axes coincident with crystallographic dyads, but rotated by 55 degrees relative to one another. X-ray analysis of these crystals will permit direct visualization of the specific structural motifs and chemical features that underlie phospholipase neurotoxicity.
Effects of ambient hydrostatic pressure on the material properties of the encapsulation of an ultrasound contrast microbubble

Ultrasound contrast microbubbles experience widely varying ambient blood pressure in different organs, which can also change due to diseases. Pressure change can alter the material properties of the encapsulation of these microbubbles. Here the characteristic rheological parameters of contrast agent Definity are determined by varying the ambient pressure (in a physiologically relevant range 0–200 mm Hg). Four different interfacial rheological models are used to characterize the microbubbles. Effects of gas diffusion under excess ambient pressure are investigated in detail accounting for size decrease of contrast microbubbles. Definity contrast agent show a change in their interfacial dilatational viscosity (3.6 × 10−8 Ns/m at 0 mm Hg to 4.45 × 10−8 Ns/m at 200 mm Hg) and interfacial dilatational elasticity (0.86 N/m at 0 mm Hg to 1.06 N/m at 200 mm Hg) with ambient pressure increase. The increase results from material consolidation, similar to such enhancement in bulk properties under pressure. The model that accounts for enhancement in material properties with increasing ambient pressure matches with experimentally measured subharmonic response as a function of ambient pressure, while assuming constant material parameters does not.
Transport of riboflavin in human intestinal brush border membrane vesicles

The transport of riboflavin across the brush border membrane of human intestine was examined using the established brush border membrane vesicle technique. Both osmolarity and temperature studies have concluded that the uptake of riboflavin by these vesicles is mostly the result of transport of riboflavin into an active intravesicular space with less binding to membrane surfaces. When an inwardly directed Na+ gradient was imposed, transport of riboflavin was linear with time for approximately 20 seconds of incubation and was significantly higher than in the presence of an identical K+ gradient. Initial rate of transport of riboflavin as a function of concentration was found to include a saturable component in the presence of an inwardly directed Na+ gradient but was linear in the presence of an identical K+ gradient. The apparent Km and Vmax of the Na+ stimulated transport process were found to be 7.26 mumols/L and 0.97 pmol/mg protein per 10 seconds, respectively. The addition of high concentrations of unlabeled riboflavin and its structural analogue lumiflavin to the incubation medium caused significant inhibition in the transport of 3H-riboflavin in the brush border membrane vesicle incubated in the presence of an inwardly directed Na+ gradient but not in vesicles incubated in the presence of an identical K+ gradient. Inducing a relatively positive intravesicular space with the use of valinomycin and an inwardly directed K+ gradient caused significant inhibition in the transport of riboflavin. On the other hand, inducing a relatively negative intravesicular space with the use of anions of different lipid permeabilities caused significant stimulation in the transport of riboflavin. These results demonstrate that riboflavin transport in human intestinal brush border membrane vesicle is through a carrier-mediated system. This system functions in the presence of a Na(+)-gradient and seems to transport the substrate by an electrogenic process.
Efficient algorithms for managing the history of evolving databases

We propose a novel method for representing evolving databases by “evolving sets”, which is particularly useful when we are interested in reconstructing any past state of a database. This theoretical framework therefore reduces the problem concerning the history management of databases to the problem of efficiently managing the history of a set evolving in time. We present a dynamic algorithm that reconstructs the state of the set at a given time t in the past in O(|s(t)| + loglogT) time, where |s(t)| is the size of the answer and T is the maximal size of the time interval (t ≤ T). The space used is linear to the number of changes that occurred during the set's evolution. The resulting algorithm is thereby more efficient than all previous methods dealing with the history management of evolving databases. In fact the proposed algorithm is optimal within a constant factor, because a lower bound of O(|s(t)| + loglogT) is also proved. Furthermore, if a total of O((logT)1/c) parallel processors is available, where c is a positive constant (c ≥ 1), the above bound is reduced to O(|s(t)|).
Surface integrity of Al 7050-T7451 and Al 6061-T651 induced by high speed milling

High speed milling (HSM) is widely used in aerospace and automotive industries in the fabrication of airframe or other various mechanical components. HSM induced surface integrity significantly impact the fatigue life of the machined components. However, surface integrity by HSM remains a "black hole" in the point of view of surface quality. This paper presents a new approach to investigate surface integrity in HSM Al 7050-T7451 and Al 6061-T651 aluminum alloys. A design of experiment (DOE) method was adopted to conduct 54 cutting conditions with three levels of cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. An acoustic emission (AE) sensor was mounted on the workpiece to monitor the HSM process and to correlate AE signals with surface integrity factors. The results have shown that cutting speed has a dominant effect on surface roughness, the increase of cutting speed increases the arithmetic mean (R a ) for both aluminum alloys. Microhardness in machined near-surface (about 10 μm) is larger than the bulk materials due to the combined effects of strain hardening and size effect. The grain flows of both aluminum alloys cannot be observed in optical and SEM images. However, the grain structures can be seen in cross-sectional surface of Al 7050-T7451 samples. The strain hardened layer in both aluminum alloys has shown different etching resistance and demonstrated less voids and second phase particles. Residual stress in feed direction is tensile in near surface and quickly changes to compressive at about 20 μm below surface for Al 6061-T651 samples and about 35 μm for Al 7050-T7451 ones. The maximum compressive residual stress is in the subsurface. The AE signals of RMS, count, frequency, and amplitude are sensitive to cutting conditions. An apparent correlation between AE signals and surface integrity factors can be hardly observed.
Structural adjustment to a terms of trade disturbance: The role of relative prices

Abstract This paper investigates the impact of a terms of trade disturbance on a small economy which responds gradually to changes in relative prices. The key intertemporal link is, as in Dornbusch (1983), between the price of nontraded goods, the real interest rate, savings and the current account. If the traded and nontraded goods are bad substitutes in consumption, then an improvement in the terms of trade leads to a transitory current-account surplus, and conversely. International capital mobility reduces the impact of a terms of trade disturbance on relative prices, and also reduces the speed with which the economy adjusts to the disturbance.
Chapter 15: Early response gene induction in astrocytes as a mechanism for encoding and integrating neuronal signals

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role early response genes (ERGs) play in coupling the activity of neuronal and glial cells: how short-term signals elicited by environmental stimulation are converted into long-term alterations in genomic expression and cellular phenotype. It also discusses the early genomic events following activation of astrocytes by various ligand released by neuronal cells. A review of the current research suggests that astrocytes can respond to neuronal signals by expressing a complex pattern of ERGs, many encoding transcription factors, which in turn, are capable of controlling the expression of specific target late response genes (LRGs), associated with specific phenotypic responses characteristic of normal or pathological events. Long-term expression of multiple ERG proteins in glial cells stimulated by neuropathological conditions play an important role in the outcome of the brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. The extensive and staggered expression of ERG proteins acting as transcription factors represent a mechanism for temporally coordinating the genomic program of large sets of genes associated with glial cell response to neuronal dysfunction.
Decadal variability in snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau during the last two centuries

[1] Based on the coherency in decadal variability between the ice core data and the observed snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau during recent decades, we used three available ice core data to characterize the snow cover variability of the last 200 years. The analysis suggests that the snow cover exhibits significant decadal variability with major shifts around 1840s, 1880s, 1920s, and 1960s. Its variations are found to be closely correlated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation: Cool/warm phases coincide with large/small snow cover. A plausible mechanism linking the North Atlantic climate to Asian monsoon is presented.
The genetic aspects of neurofibromatosis.

Although the genetic pattern in NF has been definitely established as autosomal dominant, more precise data regarding penetrance, natural history, prevalence, and heterogeneity are needed for the counseling of families. NF is the prototypic disorder for the study of the biologic mechanisms of variable expressivity. The widely cited prevalence figure of Crowe is probably too high; thus the mutation ratio estimation in NF is among the highest in man but close to other common Mendelian disorders. With the existing data on frequency of Lisch nodules and with future prospective date on cafe-au-lait spot development, an age-of-onset penetrance curve for NF could be constructed for genetic counseling purposes. The segmental form of NF is of interest as cases of this presentation may be helpful in studying the hypothesis of human somatic mutation when DNA analysis is available. Guidelines for routine evaluation and ongoing health supervision of individuals with neurofibromatosis need to be developed; multidisciplinary NF clinics and collaborative study groups are appropriate settings for this undertaking. Neurofibromatosis is an important disorder for the study of the psychodynamic processes that families experience in dealing with uncertainty.
Health and greening the city; relation of urban planning and health

Relation of urban planning and health This is an unusual paper, as the subject, the relation of open green space and health has rarely been studied.1 It is extremely well done. In the 1960s, at a meeting of the Outdoor Recreation Resources Commission, …
Higher-order Thinking and Metacognition in the First-year Core-education Classroom: A case study in the use of color-coded drafts

AbstractThis article seeks to provide some modest insights into the pedagogy of higher-order thinking and metacognition and to share the use of color-coded drafts as a best practice in service of both higher-order thinking and metacognition. This article will begin with a brief theoretical exploration of thinking and of thinking about thinking—the latter both in the sense of thinking more deeply about what one is learning/has been thinking about in the course (i.e. higher-order thinking) and in the sense of thinking about one's thinking process (i.e. metacognition). Using concepts borrowed from philosopher Immanuel Kant and literary theorist Kenneth Burke, I wish to suggest that any sort of thinking about thinking, whether it be higher-order thinking about course material or metacognition about one's learning, requires that one framework of thought be brought to bear upon the first framework of thought. This perspective will in turn illuminate how the use of color-coded drafts (in the first-year core-educ...
Stochastic learning theories for a response continuum with non-determinate reinforcement

Continuous analogues of the finite linear and stimulus sampling theories are developed for non-determinate reinforcement schedules. Closed-form expressions are derived for the asymptotic response distribution and certain sequential statistics. Computations for a target experiment are given to illustrate the character of the theoretical results.
Analysis of a 2-D DCT image coding scheme with motion compensation and vector quantization

A new effective adaptive coding scheme for data compression of images is presented. It is based on a reduction of the spatial, temporal and statistical redundancy. Inter-frame motion compensation technique was used to take advantage of the image temporal correlation. A unitary 2D-DCT was performed on each (8x 8) pixel block in order to exploit spatial correlation and in order to decorrelate the block elements and to make the relative quantization error subjectively less disturbing. The Rate Distortion Function of a Laplacian source was used as a classification strategy by relating a block to a coding bit rate in accordance with its energy. The a.c. transform coefficients were vector quantized by using the pyramidal vector quantizer based on the cubic lattice. Compression ratios in the 8 — 12 range give a distribution quality for colour image sequences according to the CCIR Rec. 601 (12-20 Mbit/sec) or HDTV sequences (50-70 Mbit/sec). Experimental results obtained by computer simulations are presented and the influence of the motion compensation and the vector quantization on the objective error are analysed.
Medical image informatics infrastructure design and applications

Picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) is a system integration of multimodality images and health information systems designed for improving the operation of a radiology department. As it evolves, PACS becomes a hospital image document management system with a voluminous image and related data file repository. A medical image informatics infrastructure can be designed to take advantage of existing data, providing PACS with add-on value for health care service, research, and education. A medical image informatics infrastructure (Mill) consists of the following components: medical images and associated data (including PACS database), image processing, data/knowledge base management, visualization, graphic user interface, communication networking, and application oriented software. This paper describes these components and their logical connection, and illustrates some applications based on the concept of the Mill.
The Bionomics of a Stem Borer, Vogtia malloi (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) on Alligatorweed in Argentina

Vogtia malloi Pastrana is a South American phytophagous insect specific to the economically important alligatorweed, Alternanthera phylloxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., an introduced aquatic pest in the southeastern United States. The current taxonomy of V. malloi is discussed, and the development, behavior, and ecology are given. This prospective biological control agent for alligatorweed produces 3–4 generations annually in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Its life stages are: egg, 5 larval instars, prepupa, pupa, and adult. Pupae collected in late fall showed a delayed resumption of development even when they were exposed to favorable temperatures. Endo- and ectoparasitic Hymenoptera, both solitary and gregarious, were recovered from larvae and pupae.
60 GHz dipole antenna for short range indoor communication systems

This paper presents a V-band dipole antenna designed on a planar substrate. The antenna is fed by a double-sided parallel microstrip (DSPM) transmission line connected to a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW). The center frequency of the antenna is set to 60 GHz. In the proposed antenna structure, input impedance can be matched by simply adjusting the width and length of the DSPM. The designed dipole antenna exhibits more than a 10 GHz bandwidth (55∼65 GHz) and high radiation efficiency of greater than 90%. The antenna also provides a low cross polarization level and supports uniform radiation within the entire operating bandwidth. In a full wave EM simulation, the antenna achieves a gain of approximately 6 dBi throughout the bandwidth.
Patterns of exchange and the social production of pigs in highland new guinea: Their relevance to questions about the origins and evolution of agriculture

In recent years, cultural anthropologists have made notable progress in understanding the bewildering variety of material exchange transactions found among the aboriginal populations of highland New Guinea. One of the major findings of this work is that competitive exchange behavior may bring in its wake alterations in agronomic practices involving an intensification of production. That intensification is primarily a product of social behavior, rather than an adaptation to climate change or population pressure, is a significant conclusion that should influence the thinking of archaeologists as they investigate past episodes of agronomic change, including the origins of agriculture.
Dynamic Comparison of Alternative Tubular Reactor Systems

Direct quantitative comparisons of the dynamic controllability of four alternative tubular reactor systems are given in this paper. An exothermic, irreversible gas-phase reaction, A + B → C, is carried out in a packed-bed tubular reactor in a process that includes reaction, separation, feed preheating, and gas recycle. The four alternative tubular reactor designs are (1) a single-stage adiabatic reactor, (2) multistage adiabatic reactors with interstage cooling, (3) multistage adiabatic reactors with cold-shot cooling, and (4) a single-stage cooled reactor. All of the adiabatic systems are open-loop unstable (exhibit limit-cycle behavior) because of the sensitivity of the first reactor, which propagates thermal waves through the system. The cooled reactor system is open-loop stable for base-case parameters. The single-stage adiabatic reactor and the multistage adiabatic reactor system with intermediate cooling are closed-loop stable. However, the optimal seven-bed multistage adiabatic reactor system with ...
Evaluation of Milking Characteristics of Triangular Silicone Milking Machine Inflations

Abstract Two milking machine inflations (liners) were compared in two groups of Holstein cows (52 and 51 cows per group) in a single reversal experiment with two 4-wk periods. One inflation was a conventional round, narrow-bore, rubber inflation. The other was a shorter, triangular inflation made from silicone rubber. Observations were on milking time, milk yield, teat end lesions, and somatic cell counts. Liners did not differ significantly in their effect on somatic cell count or milk yield. The use of triangular silicone rubber inflations resulted in a significant, although modest, lower teat end score but also resulted in 6% increase of milking time.
Das Absorptionsspektrum des Wasserstoffs und die Analyse seines ultravioletten Bandenspektrums

Die Analyse des Emissions- und Absorptionsspektrums des Wasserstoffmolekuls im ausersten Ultraviolett legt drei Elektronenzustande fest. Zwei Bandensysteme, die als gemeinsamen Endzustand den Grundzustand des Molekuls haben, werden beschrieben. Das Resonanzpotential des Wasserstoffmolekuls ist 11,1 Volt. Die Dissoziationsarbeit ergibt sich auf zwei voneinander unabhangigen Wegen zu 4,34 bzw. 4,38 Volt.
Mobile anesthesia: Ready, set, pack, and go

Introduction: Although we get into the habit of thinking that anesthesia cannot be safely delivered without the availability of all equipments available in a state of the art Operating room, we find ourselves faced with situations where the availability and mobility of all this equipment is limited ; this results in the impetus to start a thought process of how we can perform mobile anesthesia with less technology. Disaster situations, such as earthquakes, floods, or armed conflicts, might happen in areas where access of a regular operating room might be hours away or not available at all. Golden Hour: Delivering mobile Anesthesia during the golden hour can be a totally different experience from customary anesthesia practices in a regular operating room.It requires setting up a field/forward surgical teams with its organization and structure. Total Intravenous anesthesia gained popularity in crisis and combat situations and has been documented as a safe method in crisis situations.Anesthesia configured medic bag: Is a modified medic bag that can be utilized to contain the most commonly used Anesthesia supply material in a portable way. Conclusion: In reviewing the knowledge of how to provide anesthesia in crisis and disaster situations we conclude that there is evidence that anesthesia can be safely and efficiently delivered in a remote areas with limited tools and technology.
Evaluation of seven aquatic sampling methods for amphibians and other aquatic fauna

To design effective and efficient research and monitoring programs researchers must have a thorough understanding of the capabilities and limitations of their sampling methods. Few direct comparative studies exist for aquatic sampling methods for amphibians. The objective of this study was to simultaneously employ seven aquatic sampling methods in 10 wetlands to compare amphibian species richness and number of individuals detected with each method. Four sampling methods allowed counts of individuals (metal dipnet, D-frame dipnet, box trap, crayfish trap), whereas the other three methods allowed detection of species (visual encounter, aural, and froglogger). Amphibian species richness was greatest with froglogger, box trap, and aural samples. For anuran species, the sampling methods by which each life stage was detected was related to relative length of larval and breeding periods and tadpole size. Detection probability of amphibians varied across sampling methods. Box trap sampling resulted in the most precise amphibian count, but the precision of all four count-based methods was low (coefficient of variation > 145 for all methods). The efficacy of the four count sampling methods at sampling fish and aquatic invertebrates was also analyzed because these predatory taxa are known to be important predictors of amphibian habitat distribution. Species richness and counts were similar for fish with the four methods, whereas invertebrate species richness and counts were greatest in box traps. An effective wetland amphibian monitoring program in the southeastern United States should include multiple sampling methods to obtain the most accurate assessment of species community composition at each site. The combined use of frogloggers, crayfish traps, and dipnets may be the most efficient and effective amphibian monitoring protocol.
Elevated‐Temperature Structural Transformation and Optical Transmission Behavior of KH2PO4 Single Crystals

Thermally induced optical opacity in macroscopic potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) single crystals is a significant issue in the application of these materials in optical systems subjected to adverse environments. The present study investigates the relationship between thermally mediated structural transformations in KDP (associated with both a high-temperature phase transition and lattice dehydration effects) and the development of microcracking-induced optical scattering. In this case, the kinetics of these processes are examined under elevated-temperature, isothermal conditions. A significant temperature-dependence in the elapsed time required to observe both the structural transformation (via in situ Raman spectroscopy) and crystal opacification (via single-beam optical transmission) is observed. The phenomena are further correlated spatially within partially transformed specimens examined using optical microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy, demonstrating the inherent heterogeneous nature of the structural transformation in these bulk crystals. In this study, a change in the isothermal hold temperature of only 10°C about the phase transition point decreased the elapsed time to transformation by nearly two orders of magnitude, significantly impacting an evaluation of optical performance in these materials under thermally variable conditions.
Platelet membrane phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate alterations in bipolar disorder — evidence from a single case study

Abnormalities in the cellular phosphatidylinositol (PI) pathway have been proposed to be implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. A platelet model was used to study phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) membrane values in a bipolar disorder patient in different mood states, in a single case study. The patient was studied unmedicated, initially in the euthymic and later in the manic states, and subsequently on lithium after remission of manic symptoms. The relative percentage of PIP2 in the platelet membranes increased with cycling from the euthymic into the manic state. After lithium treatment, PIP2 decreased, and was similar to the euthymic state. This study further demonstrates the feasibility of this method, as well as its applicability to longitudinal studies in bipolar disorder, and suggests promising directions for future research in this area.
Modeling of macroscopic melt layer splashing during plasma instabilities

Abstract Damage of plasma-facing components in tokamaks due to various plasma instabilities remains one of the most important problems for successful operation. Macroscopic melt losses from divertor plates and nearby components into core plasma are significant material erosion lifetime and plasma contamination issues. The linear stability analysis and computational modeling are used to predict the onset and growth of surface waves on the plasma–liquid metal interface. The whole course of development, growth, and breakup of waves is modeled for the first time. The new physics mechanism involved in breakdown of a thin melt layer is presented. It is found that the melt layer undergoes macroscopic motion, bulk melt splitting, development and growth of liquid tungsten ligaments that transform to thin threads and eventually break into droplets. These results shed light on the physical behavior of a melt layer under transient plasma instabilities such as edge-localized modes and disruptions.
Morphology of deformed first-year sea ice features in the Southern Ocean

Abstract A total of 42 deformed sea-ice features were identified in almost 19 km of drill profile data from the Ross, Amundsen, Bellingshausen and Weddell Seas. The features were classified according to the shapes of their keels underwater and the presence of a sail on the surface. Coupled ridges have triangular keels and sails and, with mean maximum keel depth of 3.61 m, they are the most massive of the deformed ice features. Widowed ridges have a triangular keel similar to those of coupled ridges but do not have a prominent ice sail. With a mean ridge width of 15 m, they are the narrowest of the deformed ice features. Rubble piles are the widest, but they contribute least to the total ice mass. Ignoring the ice mass of deformed ice features and approximating their thickness by surrounding level ice underestimates the total ice mass by 44–55%. First-year ridges in the Antarctic are flatter and less massive than those in the Arctic. We propose that the differences in morphology are due to differences in sampling strategies, parent-ice characteristics and the magnitude and duration of driving forces. For the purpose of estimating ice thickness from surface observations, we believe hydrostatic equilibrium is a fair assumption on large scales, but statistical relationships between variables that can be observed from the surface and variables that are hidden from the surface are not sufficiently strong and consistent for the estimation of ice thickness. In all cases, the fact that not all keels are associated with a sail and not all sails are associated with a keel should be addressed when estimating ice thickness from surface observations.
Auditory evoked magnetic fields: Response amplitude vs. stimulus intensity

Abstract Auditory evoked magnetic fields (AEFs) and EEG auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) were recorded from the right hemisphere of 24 normal subjects. MEG and EEG recordings were made from a point 1/4 of the distance from T4 to C4, in response to contralateral ear stimulation by irregularly spaced 100 msec long 1 kHz tone bursts at 40, 60, 80 and 100 dB sound pressure level (SPL). A figure-8 SQUID gradiometer was used for magnetic recordings. MEG and EEG, bandpassed between 2 and 40 Hz, were averaged for 500 msec following 128 stimuli. A mean response was computed for the group of 24 subjects at each stimulus intensity, and the integrated area under the curve of this mean response for the first 200 msec was obtained. The amplitudes of the largest responses occurring within the first 250 msec after stimulus delivery were also measured, as was the amplitude of a biological noise (no stimulus) control. The amplitude of AEFs increased rapidly to approximately 60% of maximum at 60 dB SPL, with the field amplitudes produced by 60, 80 and 100 dB stimuli tending to plateau or even decrease slightly. In contrast, the amplitude of the simultaneously recorded AEPs increased linearly with increasing stimulus intensity. It is suggested that the plateau effect or decrease of the AEF amplitude with increasing stimulus intensity may be caused by an inward movement of the current dipole with increasing stimulus intensity and/or may reflect primarily local intracellular currents associated with single unit activation patterns in auditory cortical regions, whereas AEPs may reflect more widespread extracellular currents.
Device modeling of HgCdTe vertically integrated photodiodes

Simulations of current-voltage characteristics of ion-implanted n-on-p photodiodes have been performed using SemiCad Device. In order to accurately simulate this device structure, several modifications to the simulator were implemented. These include the modified carrier statistics to account for the nonparabolic band structure of HgCdTe, the correct physics parameters for Shockley-Read-Hall, optical, and Auger recombination, and the Burstein-Moss shift for optical absorption important for heavily doped n-type HgCdTe. With these and other improvements, SemiCad Device is calibrated with the measured ideal dark current of an ion implanted diode and is used to simulate a source of non-ideal dark current from surface-charge induced band-to-band tunneling.
Compensated speckle imaging: theory and experimental results

Previous analyses have predicted that improved power-spectrum estimation results from application of speckle-imaging postprocessing to compensated astronomical images. We report the first results, to our knowledge, of compensated-speckle-imaging experiments, conducted at a compensated telescope operated by the U.S. Air Force, that confirm these predictions. The power-spectrum signal-to-noise ratio is used as the metric for evaluating the performance. We report the results of power-spectrum estimation for a single star and three binary stars, and we reconstruct images of the binary stars using the bispectrum method to obtain the Fourier phase of the object. Compensated and uncompensated results are compared. A previously derived expression that expresses the power-spectrum signal-to-noise ratio in terms of the compensated optical transfer function statistics and object parameters is verified by experimental data.
A behavioral and cognitive profile of clinically stable HIV-infected children.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this research was to characterize behavioral and cognitive profiles of clinically and immunologically stable antiretroviral-experienced HIV-infected children. METHODS. Two hundred seventy-four previously treated HIV-infected children aged 2 to 17 years were assessed for behavioral, developmental, and cognitive functioning. Correlations between neuropsychological measures, age, and CD4 lymphocyte count were investigated. RESULTS. The most common behavioral problems, as measured by the Conners' Parent Rating Scale, were psychosomatic (28%), learning (25%), hyperactivity (20%), impulsive-hyperactive (19%), conduct (16%), and anxiety (8%) problems. Mean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III scores were less than established population norms; the mean verbal IQ was 85, the mean performance IQ was 90, and the mean full-scale score was 86. Hyperactivity was more frequent in children with a Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III performance IQ of = 9 years of age. Children with CD4 counts of <660 cells per mm(3) were more likely to be identified as having a conduct disorder. No association was noted between behavioral problems and neuroimaging. CONCLUSIONS. Clinically and immunologically stable HIV-infected children had more frequent behavioral problems and lower developmental and cognitive scores than established childhood norms.
Square-punch forming: Experiments and simulations in two and three dimensions

Abstract Square punch/open-die forming experiments and finite-element modeling were conducted to study the stretch forming of full-width blanks and the stretch/draw forming of plane-strain strips. Strains on both the outer and inner specimen surfaces and draw-in displacements were measured carefully at various punch heights, for varying blank-holder forces, and for three square-punch edge radii representing r/t (tool radius/sheet thickness) ratios of 3, 6, and 9. Two rigid-viscoplastic finite-element programs, SHEET-S (plane-strain) and SHEET-3 (3-D), were used to predict strain distributions. Simulations and measurements were in good agreement for fairly large r/t ratios (> 5). It was found that section analysis was accurate for some applications not strictly meeting the plane-strain conditions. The main limitation for sectional analysis is the absence of compound curvature along the chosen scan line. The section FEM program was nearly 600 times faster in computation than the 3-D FEM code, making it practical to analyze complex die geometries that are otherwise too time-consuming with today's computers. In plane-strain deep drawing with small die radii, bending and unbending at the punch and die shoulders can dominate the local deformation modes, causing significant differences from the strains predicted by the membrane approach used here.
A mixed-signal VLSI competitive neuroprocessor for video motion detection

VLSI design of a competitive neural network for video motion detection is presented. Massively parallel neurocomputing is performed by compact and efficient neuroprocessors. Local data transfer between the neuroprocessors is carried out by using an analog point-to-point interconnection scheme, while global data communication between the host computer and neuroprocessors is achieved through a digital common bus. Experimental results of the analog circuit blocks and system-level analysis on a sequence of real-world images are also presented.
Ag (I)-organodiimine coordination complex polymers: structural influences of ligand geometries and charge-compensating oxoanions

Abstract Hydrothermal synthesis has been exploited in the preparation of two new materials of the Ag(I)-organodiimine class of materials. By exploiting variations in ligand geometry and tether length and the structural influence of different oxoanions, the inorganic oxides [Ag(dpe)(NO3)](dpe=1,2-bias(4-pyridyl)ethane) and [Ag2(2,4′-bpy)2(SO4)(H2O)]·5H2O(2·5H2O) were isolated. Compound 1 was prepared in the reaction of Ag(NO3), dpe, and H2O in the mole ratio 1:1:500 at 120°C for 24 h, while compound 2 was prepared from Ag2SO4, 2,4′-bpy, and H2O under similar conditions. The structure of 1 is constructed from {Ag(dpe)}nn+ chains linked through η2, μ2–NO3− groups into a two-dimensional network. The structure of 2·5H2O consists of one-dimensional sinusoidal chains. The Ag(I) sites exhibit two distinct geometries: one is ‘T’-shaped through bonding to two nitrogen donors from two 2,4′-bpy groups and a sulfate oxygen; the second site is also ‘T’-shaped through bonding to two pyridyl nitrogen atoms and an aqua ligand.