cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CAM therapies were used as treats and as alternative, complementary, and conventional treatments.

F L Bishop Dr F L Bishop, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; F.L.Bishop@southampton.ac.uk How do patients use, think about, and conceptualise complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies? Ethnographic study. 2 clinics in pharmacy stores in the UK. Purposive sample of 46 people (91% women) who were attending clinics for osteopathy, reflexology, aromatherapy massage, homeopathy, and herbal medicine. 2 participants used 2 services and were interviewed twice. Semistructured interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim or recorded in notes. Data were analysed thematically. Participants used CAM therapies as treats or treatment, although they sometimes talked about the same therapy in different ways. (1) Therapies as treats . Aromatherapy massage and reflexology were considered treats when viewed as enjoyable luxuries rather than for health needs: “I personally wouldn’t use aromatherapy as a health treatment; no, I use it for being pampered.” However, holistic outcomes such as relaxation may be considered important for health. One participant described her experience with reflexology: “I didn’t appreciate the treatment basis of it, not until I …
On the stability of equilibrium of continuous systems

Sufficient condition for stability of linearly viscoelastic continuum subjected to surface tractions following partial deformation of solid are nonconservative and associated with energy source
Regulation of neuronal migration and neuritogenesis by distinct surface proteases. Relative contribution of plasmin and a thrombin-like protease.

The relative contribution of two neuronal surface proteases, plasmin and a protease with thrombin-like specificity, on NB2a/dl neuroblastoma migration and neuritogenesis were examined. Exogenous plasmin induced cell body rounding and increased cell migration, but did not prevent or reverse neurite outgrowth. Inhibition of endogenous plasmin by its specific inhibitor, aprotinin, suppressed migration but did not induce neuritogenesis, Removal or inhibition of the thrombin-like protease by serum deprivation or hirudin addition, respectively, induced neurite outgrowth, as shown in our previous studies, but did not suppress migration. By contrast, trypsin induced simultaneous cell rounding and neurite retraction. These findings indicated that plasmin may regulate cell migration, while the thrombin-like protease may regulate facets of neurite outgrowth. Although unable to induce de novo neuritogenesis, plasmin inhibition potentiated the otherwise transient neurites induced by simultaneous inhibition or the thrombin-like protease. Since cultured neuronal cells migrate primarily in the direction of newly elaborated neurites, this finding is interpreted to indicate that cessation of neuronal migration by plasmin inhibition enhances net neurite outgrowth by inhibition of the putative thrombin-like protease.
THE IDEA OF HISTORY IN KARL MARX

It has been said that the nineteenth century was the 'century of history', not in the sense that what happened between 1800 and 1900 was more abundant or more momentous than what had happened in previous centuries, but in the sense that studies and investigations concerning the past were undertaken in a more thorough and critical way than previously and that history consequently began to be a problem precisely as history) It could also be said that Karl Marx, the centenary of whose death we celebrate this year, was a central figure, if not the central figure, in that 'century of history', not just in the sense that he pursued studies concerning the past and the present of his time, but also in the sense that he sought to give an answer to the problem of history as such, an answer which we still have to contend with today both politically, in the arena of world history, and existentially, in the arena of one's own personal interpretation of the meaning of life. But we should note at once that the term 'history' presents us immediately with a double meaning: "history as event and history as science, or in terms more simple and more fundamental: happening and story or narrative"? This double meaning of the single term 'history' is to be found in every one of our cultured languages, be it English, French, German, Spanish, Italian, Dutch, Russian, Arabic or Chinese and seems to tie the idea of history intimately to the historical being who is at once the maker and the knower of history. Hegel noted these two sides to the idea of history from the beginning of his own reflection and insisted on the connection between the two as highly significant for the beginning of history. He spoke of both an "objective side as well as a subjective side" in the idea, a historia rerum gestarum as well as the res gestas themselves, or the other way around, of both events and the narration of events or both Gesehehen and Gesehic'hte. "We must hold that the narration of history and historical deeds and events appear at the same time; a common inner principle brings them both together"? What this implies is that history, as a distinct order of reality, at least as Hegel understood it, presupposes a certain kind of consciousness or self-consciousness and that it begins to distinguish itself from nature or from other pre-historical
Reduction of Reaction Time Preceding Increased Complexity of Movement

Summary.-In 1960 Henry and Rogers reported reaction time (RT) increased with increased response complexity while response alternatives were held constant. The purpose of the present study was to observe the effects of RTand movement time (MT) when subjects attempted to separate initiation of a task from the subsequent movement response. 24 subjects performed a ball-strilung movement in response to an auditory stimulus. In the experimental condition the subjects were instructed to complete initiation as quickly as possible and then make a separate subsequent movement to strike a ball. It was concluded that subjects could not completely separate the initiation phase from the movement phase of the task but could significantly reduce the RT by focusing on the initiation portion of the task. Reaction-time (RT) studies have been used to provide evidence in support of a motor program hypothesis for various movements. The most commonly used approach to study motor programming in information processing is the "memory drum" model proposed by Franklin Henry (see Henry, 1980, 1981; Kerr, 1978; Klapp, 1978, 1980 for reviews of the memory drum theory). Henry (1980) described the programming process on a memory drum in the 1960 terminology meant to place information into permanent motor-memory storage by extensive practice compared with neuromotor planning called a program. Henry and Rogers (1960) showed RT increased with increased response complexity while RT response alternatives were held constant. In a later study, Klapp and Erwin (1976) showed that, even when response alternatives and response complexity were held constant, RT increased with increased response duration. Because the duration or complexity of movement following completion of the RT task influences the RT, additional processing time must be necessary for programming the parameters of these movements. Theories of information processing commonly identify stages between stimulation and movement completion into somewhat discrete portions of a continuous process. These stages generally include a stimulus display, an encoding perceptual mechanism, decision-making and responseselection stage, response programming and a decoding mechanism, and a response output. Little is known about the extent to which each stage affects processes in the others. Using these information processing stages as a model, the increased RTs with the more complex movement as in the Henry and Rogers' (1960) experiment apparently occur in the response programming and
TOWARDS AN EXERGY-BASED EXPLOSION ENERGY MODEL FOR BOILING- LIQUID EXPANDING-VAPOR EXPLOSIONS

A boiling liquid, expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) occurs when a pressure vessel containing a superheated liquid undergoes a catastrophic failure, resulting in a violent vaporization of the liquid. The exposure of a pressure vessel to a fire is a classic scenario that can result in a BLEVE. The thermomechanical exergy of a pressure vessel’s contents provides — by definition — an upper bound on the work that can be performed by the system during the explosion. By fixing the values of ambient pressure and temperature (i.e., the dead state), exergy can be interpreted as another thermodynamic property. This rigorous and unambiguous definition makes it ideal to estimate the maximum energy of explosions. The numerical value of exergy depends on the definition of the dead state. In this paper we examine the effect of different definitions for the dead state on the explosion energy value. We consider two applications of this method: the contribution of the vapor head-space to the explosive energy as a function of the fractional liquid fill of the vessel, and the effect of the vessel burst pressure.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
The stimulation of tryptophan pyrrolase activity by RNA fractions isolated at various temperatures

Abstract In the sequential extraction of RNA fractions at various temperatures, the fraction obtained at 90–95°C had the greatest capacity to stimulate tryptophan pyrrolase activity.
Studies on the interaction between ethanol and amfonelic acid

Abstract Amfonelic acid (AFA), a non-amphetamine central stimulant dose-dependently reduced the hypnotic effect of ethanol in C57B1/6 mice. It did not enhance the elimination of ethanol. Amfonelic acid failed to modify the duration of pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis or the ethanol-induced hypothermia in these animals. Combined treatment with amfonelic acid and a lipophilic α1-adrenoceptor agonist was not more effective than amfonelic acid alone in blocking ethanol hypnosis. The stimulation of locomotor activity by amfonelic acid in C57B1/6 mice was more sensitive to the blocking effect of ethanol than stimulation induced by d-amphetamine. The blocking effect of amfonelic acid, but not that of d-amphetamine, on the effects of ethanol developed tolerance. In pimozide-pretreated mice, amfonelic acid failed to reduce the ethanol-induced hypnosis. Hence it appears that dopamine (DA) released by amfonelic acid is responsible for its antagonism of ethanol. However, though amfonelic acid acted as a strong releaser of DA in Swiss-Webster, CD-1, DBA-2 and BALB/c mice, in these strains it failed to reduce the effect of ethanol. Moreover, methylphenidate, a dopaminergic stimulant, which acts by a mechanism similar to that of amfonelic acid was not effective in reducing the hypnotic effect of ethanol in C57B1/6 mice. For these reasons, additional mechanisms may have to be considered to explain this strain-dependent effect of amfonelic acid.
Analysis of a multi-hop CDMA packet radio network

A multi-hop packet radio network employing Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is considered. The network is modeled as a system of interacting queues, and sufficient conditions for the stability of the queueing system model are obtained. Also, an upper bound on the network mean packet delay is found. The obtained results are used to characterize the throughput performance of a radio network employing frequency-hop spread-spectrum signaling.
A gain-of-function mutant p53–HSF1 feed forward circuit governs adaptation of cancer cells to proteotoxic stress

To overcome proteotoxic stress inherent to malignant transformation, cancer cells induce a range of adaptive mechanisms, with the master transcription factor heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1)-orchestrated response taking center stage. Here we define a novel gain-of-function of mutant p53 (mutp53), whereby mutp53-overexpressing cancer cells acquire superior tolerance to proteotoxic stress. mutp53 via constitutive stimulation of EGFR and ErbB2 signaling hyperactivates the MAPK and PI3K cascades, which induce stabilization and phosphoactivation of HSF1 on Ser326. Moreover, mutp53 protein via direct interaction with activated p-Ser326 HSF1 facilitates HSF1 recruitment to its specific DNA-binding elements and stimulates transcription of heat-shock proteins including Hsp90. In turn, induced Hsp90 stabilizes its oncogenic clients including EGFR, ErbB2 and mutp53, thereby further reinforcing oncogenic signaling. Thus, mutp53 initiates a feed forward loop that renders cancer cells more resistant to adverse conditions, providing a strong survival advantage.
Challenges to legitimate governance in post-revolution Tunisia

The power to craft Tunisia's post–Ben Ali government has been vested in the National Constituent Assembly, which was elected on 23 October 2011. The constituent assembly has sovereign authority to draft a new constitution and govern Tunisia until its replacement is elected. The first challenge confronting the constituent assembly will be to build legitimacy for itself and the transitional government that it will appoint. This paper places the constituent assembly in the context of post-revolution politics and summarises its role, responsibilities, and structure. The paper also anticipates key challenges to the constituent assembly's legitimacy as it works to meet the high expectations of Tunisians and the rest of the world.
Cultural Property and the Limitations of Preservation

Many of the things and places we identify as “cultural property” are in every sense public: they reflect collective experiences in their creation, formal dedication, and the ongoing re-inscription of their meaning. Yet cultural property is a large and protean category of things and places, encompassing far more than public memorials. The significance of much (if not most) cultural property originates not in the public realm but in the open-ended possibilities of personal engagement that enable a “wide range of interpretive distinctions.” This paper explores how this vital interpretive process is mediated by public recognition and preservation of cultural property through a growing body of cultural preservation laws.
Primary Processes of the Electronic Excited States of trans-Urocanic Acid

The primary photoreactivity of the excited states of trans-urocanic acid (t-UA) is investigated by ultrafast transient-absorption spectroscopy. Fundamentally different photophysics were observed wh...
AMP-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE ACTIVATION AS A STRATEGY FOR PROTECTING VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION

1. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine/threonine protein kinase involved in the regulation of cellular and organismal metabolism. AMPK has a heterotrimeric structure, consisting of a catalytic alpha-subunit and regulatory beta- and gamma-subunits, each of which has two or more isoforms that are differentially expressed in various tissues and that arise from distinct genes. The AMPK system acts as a sensor of cellular energy status that is conserved in all eukaryotic cells. In addition, AMPK is activated by physiological stimuli and oxidants. 2. The importance of AMPK in cardiovascular functions is best demonstrated by recent studies showing that widely used drugs, including statins, metformin and rosiglitazone, execute cardiovascular protective effects at least partly through the activation of AMPK. As a consequence, AMPK has been proposed as a candidate target for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of both Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome owing to its central role in the regulation of energy balance; it may also have a role in weight control. 3. In the present brief review, we summarize the recent progress of AMPK signalling and regulation focusing on vascular endothelial cells. We further hypothesize that AMPK is a dual sensor for energy and redox status within a cell and AMPK may be a therapeutic target for protecting vascular endothelial function.
Redox Biology of Hydrogen Sulfide: Implications for Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacology

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as a critical mediator of multiple physiological processes in mammalian systems. The pathways involved in the production, consumption, and mechanism of action of H2S appear to be sensitive to alterations in the cellular redox state and O2 tension. Indeed, the catabolism of H2S through a putative oxidation pathway, the sulfide quinone oxido-reductase system, is highly dependent on O2 tension. Dysregulation of H2S homeostasis has also been implicated in numerous pathological conditions and diseases. In this review, the chemistry and the main physiological actions of H2S are presented. Some examples highlighting the cytoprotective actions of H2S within the context of cardiovascular disease are also reported. Elucidation of the redox biology of H2S will enable the development of new pharmacological agents based on this intriguing new redox cellular signal.
Risk Factors for Nonfatal Overdose at Seattle-Area Syringe Exchanges

Opioid-involved overdose deaths are on the rise, both nationwide and in the state of Washington. In a survey of 443 participants at syringe exchanges in Seattle, Washington, 16% had overdosed in the last year. Several factors were significantly associated in bivariate analysis: lack of permanent housing; incarceration of five or more days in the past year; gender of sex partners; sharing of syringes and other injection paraphernalia; use of speedballs (cocaine and heroin together), goofballs (methamphetamine and heroin together), buprenorphine; injection use of crack cocaine and sedatives; and use of opioids with sedatives. Adjusting for other variables in multivariate logistic regression analyses, only recent incarceration and sharing of injection materials were still significantly associated with overdose. Correctional facilities, syringe exchange programs, and other agencies serving opioid injectors should include overdose prevention components in release planning and services.
3-14 Micron Spectroscopy of Comets C/2002 O4 (Hönig), C/2002 V1 (NEAT), C/2002 X5 (Kudo-Fujikawa), C/2002 Y1 (Juels-Holvorcem), and 69P/Taylor and the Relationships among Grain Temperature, Silicate Band Strength, and Structure among Comet Families

We report 3-13 μm spectroscopy of four comets observed between 2002 August and 2003 February: C/2002 O4 (Honig) on 2002 August 1, C/2002 V1 (NEAT) on 2003 January 9 and 10, C/2002 X5 (Kudo-Fujikawa) on 2003 January 9 and 10, and C/2002 Y1 (Juels-Holvorcem) on 2003 February 20. In addition, we include data obtained much earlier on 69P/Taylor (1998 February 9) but not previously published. For comets Taylor, Honig, NEAT, and Kudo-Fujikawa, the silicate emission band was detected, being approximately 23%, 12%, 15%, and 10%, respectively, above the continuum. The data for comet Juels-Holvorcem were of insufficient quality to detect the presence of a silicate band of comparable strength to the other three objects, and we place an upper limit of 24% on this feature. The silicate features in both NEAT and Kudo-Fujikawa contained structure indicating the presence of crystalline material. The shape of the silicate feature at a projected distance of 1900 km from the nucleus of Kudo-Fujukawa was nearly identical to that centered on the nucleus, indicating that the grain size population had not been measurably modified by the time it had reached that distance. Combining these data with those of other comets, we confirm the correlation between silicate band strength and grain temperature of Gehrz & Ney and Williams and coworkers for dynamically new and long-period comets, but the majority of Jupiter family objects may deviate from this relation. Despite the weakness of the silicate band in Kudo-Fujikawa, its structure resembles the bands seen in dynamically new and long-period objects with substantially stronger features. The limited data available on Jupiter family objects suggest that they may have silicate bands that are slightly different from the former objects. Finally, when compared to the silicate emission bands observed in pre-main-sequence stars, the dynamically new and long-period comets most closely resemble the more evolved stellar systems, while the limited data (in quantity and quality) on Jupiter family objects seem to suggest that these have spectra more like the less evolved stars. Higher quality data on a larger number of Jupiter family objects are needed to confirm (or reject) this trend.
Awareness, the Origin of Thought, and the Role of Conscious Self-Deception in Resistance and Repression:

Non-conscious processes involved in the formulation, organization, and expression of thought and consciousness are examined. It is argued that non-organized impulses and imageless non-linguistic kn...
A Spectroscopic Redshift for the Cl 0024+16 Multiple Arc System: Implications for the Central Mass Distribution.

We present a spectroscopic redshift of z = 1.675 for the well-known multiply lensed system of arcs seen in the z = 0.39 cluster Cl 0024+16. In contrast to earlier work, we find that the lensed images are accurately reproduced by a projected mass distribution which traces the locations of the brightest cluster elliptical galaxies, suggesting that the most significant minima of the cluster potential are not dynamically erased. The averaged mass profile is shallow and consistent with predictions of recent numerical simulations. The source redshift enables us to determine an enclosed cluster mass of M(<100 kpc h-1) = 1.11 ± 0.03 × 1014 h-1 M☉ (Ω = 1) and a mass-to-light ratio of M/LB(<100 kpc h-1) = 320 ± 30 h (M/LB)☉ (virtually independent of curvature), after correction for passive stellar evolution. The arc spectrum contains many ionized absorption lines and closely resembles that of the local Wolf-Rayet galaxy NGC 4217. Our lens model predicts a high magnification (20) for each image and identifies a new pair of multiple images of a galaxy at a predicted redshift of z = 1.3.
Detection of changes in atmospheric pressure by the homing pigeon,Columba livia

Homing pigeons were tested for their ability to detect air pressure changes in an otherwise constant environment chamber. Ten of 12 birds tested did respond to the pressure changes. The 50% threshold of detection was 10 mm H2O or less, which is approximately equivalent to a change in altitude of 10 m or less. Performance was better in a chamber with artificial background noise than in an abnormally quiet chamber.
Pulsed Detonation Engine: Key Issues

We examine key issues that determine pulsed detonation engine (PDE) propulsive efficiency. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics methodology (CFD), we conducted performance analysis for the device for which we demonstrated multi-cycle operation experimentally. The analysis is focused on the effects of the non-ideal detonations on the propulsive efficiency. General questions of the methodology of nonsteady engine cycle analysis and performance evaluation are examined.
Vibration of beams with arbitrary discontinuities and boundary conditions

Abstract A general solution of the vibration of an Euler–Bernoulli beam with arbitrary type of discontinuity at arbitrary number of locations is presented in this paper. To account for the discontinuity term induced by various additional elements on the beam, Heaviside's function is used to express the modal displacement of the whole beam by a single function. This general modal displacement function is then solved by using Laplace transformation. This general solution consists of four types of basic modal shapes induced by four corresponding types of discontinuity terms at the discontinuity points. Various discontinuity terms are obtained and expressed by the boundary values of the modal displacement in a recursive way. Consequently, the modal displacement can be determined by examining only the conditions on the boundary. In such a way, the present solution reduces the vibration of beams with arbitrary discontinuities to the same order of the case without discontinuity point. To demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the present method, three application examples are presented. Calculation example shows that the lead–zirconate–titanate (PZT) actuator should be placed as close to the fixed end as possible to achieve the best excitation effect on a cantilever beam. A new method to calculate the driving-point anti-resonance frequency is also proposed. Numerical results suggest that the variation of driving-point anti-resonance frequency can be used to determine the location and size of crack in beams. Due to the generic nature of the solution and the problem, the present method can be utilized in smart structures modeling and structural health monitoring of beam-type structures.
Short run marginal returns from irrigation water

The value of water is often an enigma, that is, it can be relatively high or very low depending on supply and demand. In this article the relative value of water is shown by employing the principle of diminishing returns as it relates to a low‐valued crop (alfalfa). When water is abundant and is a free good, irrigators may rationally apply water to the point where its marginal product is zero. When water is scarce and has a price, however, the situation is quite different. Rational irrigators should then apply water in the short run to the point where price equals marginal value product. Even for a relatively low‐valued crop such as alfalfa, application rates could range from zero to five acre‐feet per acre when water prices vary from zero to $240 per acre‐foot.
Effects of a constructed wetland and pond system upon shallow groundwater quality.

Constructed wetland (CW) and constructed pond (CP) are commonly utilized for removal of ex- cess nutrients and certain pollutants from stormwater. This study characterized shallow groundwater quality for pre- and post-CW and CP system conditions using data from monitoring wells. Results showed that the average concentrations of groundwater phosphorus (P) decreased from pre-CW to post-CW but increased from pre-CP to post-CP. The average concentrations of groundwater total Kjeldahl nitrogen and ammonium (NH þ ) increased from pre-CW (or CP) to post-CW (or CP), whereas the average concentrations of ground- water arsenic (As), chromium, nickel, and zinc (Zn) decreased from pre-CW to post-CW regardless of the well locations. Variations of groundwater cadmium, copper, and Zn concentrations were larger in pre-CP than in post-CP and had a tendency to decrease from pre-CP to post-CP. In general, the average concentra- tions of groundwater aluminum and manganese de- creased and of groundwater calcium, iron, magnesium, and sodium increased from pre-CP to post-CP. The average values of water levels (depth from the ground surface), redox potential, and conductance decreased and of chloride and sulfate (SO � 2 4 ) increased after the wetland and pond were constructed regardless of the well locations. Results further revealed that there were significant differences (α00.05) between the pre- and post-CW (or CP) for redox potential, water level, and As. This study suggests that the CW-CP system had discernible effects on some of the shallow groundwater quality constituents. This information is very useful for fully estimating overall performance of stormwater treatment with the CW-CP system.
The use of fresh frozen plasma after major hepatic resection for colorectal metastasis: is there a standard for transfusion?

Abstract Background Major hepatic resection is indicated for selected patients with colorectal metastasis to the liver. Transfusion of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) might be required after major hepatectomy because of blood loss or coagulopathy, but there are no standard criteria for the use of FFP in this setting. Methods We identified 260 patients from our prospective database who underwent major (≥3 Couinaud segments) hepatectomy between May 1997 and February 2001 for colorectal metastasis. FFP use was determined and tested for its relationship to clinical and pathologic factors. A survey on FFP use was sent to 12 other hepatobiliary centers worldwide. Results There were 142 (55%) men, 118 (45%) women, and the median age was 63 years. The most common hepatic resections performed were right lobectomy (37%) and extended right lobectomy (33%). There were 83 (32%) patients who received FFP. In these patients, a total of 405 units of FFP were administered with a median of 4 units. The majority of patients who received FFP were transfused within the first two postoperative days, while there were only five (2%) patients who initially received FFP beyond that time. FFP was administered for a median prothrombin time of 16.9. Only one (0.4%) patient required reoperation for bleeding. Right lobectomy and extended right lobectomy were found to predict FFP use on multivariate analysis. Postoperative complications did not correlate with FFP use. The criteria used for FFP administration at other major hepatobiliary centers were found to be variable. Conclusions There is no universal standard for FFP use following major hepatic resection for colorectal metastasis. Our criterion of a prothrombin time of 16–18 seconds is conservative but results only rarely in reoperation for bleeding. Prospective evaluation of a higher threshold for FFP administration, such as an International Normal Ratio of 2.0, should be performed to better define the guidelines for FFP use in patients undergoing major hepatectomy who have normal underlying hepatic parenchyma.
Chemical vapor deposition and electrical characterization of sub-10 nm diameter InSb nanowires and field-effect transistors

Abstract Synthesis of InSb nanowires using a chemical vapor deposition technique, as a function of growth temperature and time, was investigated. High aspect ratio InSb nanowires, having a diameter of about 5–10 nm, were grown at 400 °C for 1 h on InSb (1 1 1) substrate onto which 60 nm Au particle was used as a metal catalyst. The synthesized InSb nanowires had zinc blend single crystal structure without any stacking faults, and they were covered with a thin (∼1 nm thick) amorphous layer. Electrical characterization of InSb nanowires was conducted utilizing a back-gated SNWFET. Device characterization demonstrated that NWs were n-type and exhibited a high Ion/Ioff ratio of 106 and device resistance of 250 kΩ.
Molecular cloning of murine folylpoly-γ-glutamate synthetase

Abstract Folylpoly-γ-glutamate synthetase (FPGS) is essential for mammalian cell survival and is a major determinant of cytotoxicity and selectivity for folate antimetabolites. Here we describe the cloning of a cDNA encoding murine FPGS isolated from L1210 leukemia cells. The amino acid sequence of murine FPGS is 82% identical to human FPGS [1] with identical discrete regions of up to 41 residues. Murine FPGS contains two AUG initiation codons, shown to be responsible for mitochondrial and cytosolic forms of the enzyme in human cells [2]. Previous studies indicated species, tissue, and tumor specific differences in mammalian FPGS. The availability of murine FPGS expands the knowledge and understanding of the spectrum of these variations.
Automatic implementation of totalistic cellular automata through polynomial cellular neural networks

The learning procedures of cellular automata and cellular neural networks are not trivial tasks. They have been addressed previously with several techniques such as genetic algorithms, although they are computationally costly. As a contribution in the area of polynomial cellular neural networks, in this paper we present a novel method to determine automatically the optimum order of the polynomial term, and the generalized system of equations for a polynomial cellular neural network that implements any totalistic cellular automata behavior. Such advances can be coupled with a quadratic programming algorithm in order to radically boost training performance and dispense human intervention.
The structure of bis(tert-butyl isocyanide)(diphenylacetylene)nickel(0), Ni(C6H5CCC6H5)[(CH3)3CNC]2

Abstract The structure of the diphenylacetylene complex Ni(C6H5CCC6H5)[(CH3)3CNC]2 has been determined from X-ray data collected by counter methods. The compound crystallizes in space group C2h5−P21/a with eight molecules in the cell of dimensions a = 29.580(12), b = 10.803(5), c = 15.136(5) A, β = 107.85(5)°. The structures of the two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit are similar in overall detail. In each, the Ni atom has trigonal coordination if the diphenylacetylene is regarded as a monodentate ligand, and the inner coordination sphere is essentially planar. The diphenylacetylene carbon atoms are equidistant from the metal atom in each of the two independent molecules. The average CC distance of 1.285(20) A is intermediate between normal CC and CC bond lengths. The phenyl rings of the coordinated diphenylacetylene are bent away from the metal by about 31° from the CC bond axis.
Elementary localization theorems for nonlinear eigenproblems

Abstract The minimax formula for linear eigenvalues of a linear operator is used to estimate the parameter values (λ) for which the self-adjoint operator L (λ) on Hilbert space to itself fails to have a bounded inverse. Such λ compose the “nonlinear spectrum” of L . The parameter spaces include regions in real or complex n -space. The localization theorems are used to demonstrate certain necessary conditions for stability of linear integro-partial-differential delay equations.
In defense of Picasso

Abstract By reviewing three recent productions about the life and work of Picasso—a play, a video, and a museum show—a political critique of the patterns of portraiture explores possible explanations for contemporary negativity regarding Picasso.
A dual-weighted trust-region adaptive POD 4-D Var applied to a finite-volume shallow water equations model on the sphere

In this paper we study solutions of an inverse problem for a global shallow water model controlling its initial conditions specified from the 40-yr ECMWF Re-analysis (ERA-40) data sets, in the presence of full or incomplete observations being assimilated in a time interval (window of assimilation) with or without background error covariance terms. As an extension of the work by Chen et al. (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids 2009), we attempt to obtain a reduced order model of the above inverse problem, based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), referred to as POD 4D-Var for a finite volume global shallow water equation model based on the Lin–Rood flux-form semi-Lagrangian semi-implicit time integration scheme. Different approaches of POD implementation for the reduced inverse problem are compared, including a dual-weighted method for snapshot selection coupled with a trust-region POD adaptivity approach. Numerical results with various observational densities and background error covariance operator are also presented. The POD 4-D Var model results combined with the trust-region adaptivity exhibit similarity in terms of various error metrics to the full 4D Var results, but are obtained using a significantly lesser number of minimization iterations and require lesser CPU time. Based on our previous and current work, we conclude that POD 4-D Var certainly warrants further studies, with promising potential of its extension to operational 3-D numerical weather prediction models. Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organizational Capacity Needs of Consumer-Run Organizations

Consumer-run organizations (CROs) are self-help oriented organizations that are run entirely by consumers (people who use or have used mental health services). The current study utilizes an organizational capacity framework to explore the needs of operating CROs. This framework includes four core capacity areas: (1) technical, (2) management, (3) leadership, and (4) adaptive capacity. An analysis reveals that the greatest organizational needs are related to technical and management capacities. Implications are discussed in terms of strategies and activities that CRO leaders and mental health professionals and administrators can use to strengthen the organizational capacity of CROs in their community.
Amphetamine modulation of paced mating behavior.

Abstract The present study evaluated the effects of acute and repeated, intermittent amphetamine administration on paced mating behavior in ovariectomized (OVX) rats primed with estrogen and progesterone. In Experiment 1, female rats were tested for paced mating behavior following acute administration of amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg). Amphetamine increased the likelihood that a female would withdraw from a male following a mount or an intromission. Although this dose of amphetamine did not alter sexual receptivity or the latency to return to a male after sexual stimulation, locomotor activity was increased significantly. Experiment 2 evaluated the dose response characteristics of acute amphetamine (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg) administration on paced mating behavior. In agreement with Experiment 1, amphetamine at all doses increased the likelihood that a female would withdraw from a male following sexual stimulation. In Experiment 3, female rats were tested for partner preference (sexually active male vs. estrous female) following acute amphetamine administration. Amphetamine treatment augmented both social and sexual preferences. In Experiment 4, female rats were administered estrogen (20 μg/kg) and amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg) for 3 weeks and tested for paced mating behavior 1 and 4 weeks later, amphetamine free. Repeated intermittent exposure to amphetamine shortened the latency to return to a male after receiving a mount on the test conducted 1 week after the final drug injections. Collectively, these results suggest that the acute effects of amphetamine on paced mating behavior may reflect a reduction in social and sexual behaviors and an increase in locomotor activity, whereas the effects of repeated exposure may reflect a change in incentive motivation.
tRNA methylases from hela cells: Purification and properties of an adenine-1-methylase and a guanine-N2-methylase☆

Abstract Two enzymes (methylases) that catalyze the transfer of methyl groups from S -adenosyl- l -methionine to tRNA (prepared from Escherichia coli ) have been partially purified from extracts of HeLa cells. One catalyzes the methylation of adenine residues of the tRNA to give 1-methyladenine units and the other is responsible for the conversion of guanine residues to N 2 -methylguanine and N 2 ,N 2 -dimethylguanine (and may be a mixture of two enzymes). Activities of these relatively unstable enzymes could be maintained by storage at −20 °C in the presence of 50% glycerol. Substrate specificity studies have revealed that bacterial tRNA ( E. coli, Bacillus subtilis ) can be used as substrate, whereas tRNA of animal origin (HeLa cells, rat liver) cannot be used. Of the specific tRNA's tested, E. coli tRNA fMet was used as substrate by both enzymes. E. coli tRNA Tyr was used by the adenine-1-methylase but not by the guanine- N 2 -methylase. The adenine-1-methylase catalyzed the transfer of approximately one methyl group per mole of either tRNA fMet or tRNA Tyr offered as substrate; in the presence of the guanine- N 2 -methylase 1 mole of E. coli tRNA fMet accepted 1 mole of methyl. Studies with the use of both enzymes established that enzymic methylation of the guanine site of E. coli tRNA fMet did not interfere with subsequent methylation of an adenine residue and neither did prior methylation of adenine interfere with the subsequent methylation of a guanine residue. In the presence of both enzymes, approximately 2 moles of methyl groups were accepted by 1 mole of the E. coli tRNA fMet .
Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy

Trauma is the leading cause of death among people under the age of 44. Hemorrhage is a major contributor to deaths related to trauma in the first 48 h. Accordingly, the management of these patients is a time-sensitive and critical affair that anesthesiologists responsible for surgical resuscitation will face. Coagulopathy associated with trauma exists in one-third of all severely injured patients upon presentation to the hospital. Trauma patients presenting with coagulopathy have significantly higher mortality. This trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) must be managed adroitly in the resuscitation of these patients. Recent advancements in our understanding of TIC have led to new protocols and therapy guidelines. Anesthesiologists must be aware of these to effectively manage this form of shock. TIC driven by a combination of endogenous biological processes, as well as iatrogenic causes, can ultimately lead to the lethal triad of hypothermia, acidemia, and coagulopathy. Providers should understand how to promptly diagnose TIC and be aware of the early indicators of massive transfusion. The use of common laboratory studies and patient vital signs serve as our current guide, but the importance of each is still under debate. Thromboelastography is a tool used often in the diagnosis of TIC and can be used to guide blood product transfusion. Certain pharmaceutical strategies and non-transfusion strategies also exist, which aid in the management of hemorrhagic shock. Damage control surgery, rewarming, tranexamic acid, and 1:1:1 transfusion protocols are promising methods used to treat the critically wounded. Though protocols have been developed, controversies still exist on the optimal resuscitation strategy.
Synthesis of Copolymers by Alternating ROMP (AROMP)

The alternating polymerization of cyclobutene 1-carboxylic esters and cyclohexene derivatives with the precatalyst [(H2IMes)(3-Br-pyr)2Cl2Ru═CHPh] is described. This reaction is synthetically accessible and provides (AB)n heteropolymers with an alternating backbone and alternating functionality. The regiocontrol of heteropolymer formation derives from the inability of the cyclobutene ester and cyclohexene monomers to undergo homopolymerization in combination with the favorable kinetics of cross polymerization.
Herbstia, a new genus in the Amaranthaceae

Herbstia, a new monotypic, Brazilian genus of Amaranthaceae is proposed for the taxon heretofore known asChamissoa brasiliana (Moquin) Fries. It differs fromChamissoa in its exarillate seeds and structurally indehiscent fruit, and from the South IndianIndobanalia, in which genus Moquin originally placed it, in habit and in the strictly axillary cymules of flowers.
Brain acyl-coenzyme A hydrolase: distribution, purification and properties.

Rat brain acyl-CoA hydrolase enzymes which hydrolyse C2, C4, C8 and C16 derivatives were localized primarily in the soluble, 144,000 g, supernatant fluid. With octanoyl-CoA as substrate, long-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase activity was greater in the pons, medulla and midbrain than in the cerebral cortex and caudate nucleus. The long-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase enzyme was purified from bovine brain stems to a specific activity of 4-61 n mol of palmitoyl-CoA hydrolysed per min per mg protein. The Km values for palmitoyl-CoA and octanoyl-CoA were 5 μm and 14 μ/m, respectively. Activity of the enzyme was inhibited by bovine serum albumin and ρ-chloromercuribenzoate. The partially purified enzyme protein was found to have approximately eight titratable sulphydryl residues per 105 g of protein. Studies of the molecular weight of the enzyme indicated the presence of associated and dissociated forms with molecular weights of approximately 96,000 and 46,000 respectively.
Composition, structure and wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V implanted with carbon or boron to high doses☆

Summary High-dose ion implantation of carbon or boron into Ti—6Al—4V alloy produced flat-topped concentration profiles indicating considerable solute redistribution. Carbon implantation produced precipitates of TiC, which became a continuous layer at the highest doses. This layer showed very high abrasion resistance, at least 70 times that of the substrate. Boron implantations generated increasingly dense layers of TiB2 dispersed in amorphous titanium. Boron and lower-dose carbon provided appreciable increases in wear resistance (by about ten times). Wear of these ultra-adherent but thin layers (less than 300 nm) was not uniform.
Algebraic and geometric space-time analogies in nonlinear optical pulse propagation

We extend recently developed algebraic space time analogies for the dispersive and nonlinear propagation of optical breathers. Geometrical arguments can explain the similarity of evolutionary behavior between spatial and temporal phenomena even when strict algebraic translation of solutions may not be possible. This explanation offers a new set of tools for understanding and predicting the evolutionary structure of self-consistent Gaussian breathers in nonlinear optical fibers.
The Effect of Lead on Bone Mineral Properties From Female Adult C57/BL6 Mice

Lead toxicity is a significant problem in the U.S. with elevated blood lead levels being highest among very young children and older adults >50 years old. Bone is the major reservoir of body lead, accounting for 75% in children and 90% in adults. Very little is known about the effect of lead on bone mineral properties in adults. We investigated the effect of lead on the femora from adult, 6 month old female C57/BL6 mice who were administered lead in the drinking water (250 ppm, blood lead 33 μg/dL) for 4 months. Bone mineral properties were examined using Fourier Transform Infrared Microscopy (FTIRM), quantitative microcomputed tomography (microCT) and whole bone mechanical testing. Lead significantly decreased the bone mineral density in the cortical and proximal cancellous bone and increased the marrow area in the cortical bone with microCT. Whole bone three-point bending showed a trend of decreased maximum and failure moments in the lead treated bones compared to controls. Lead significantly decreased the mineral/matrix ratio, collagen maturity and crystallinity in the trabecular bone as measured by FTIRM. In the cortical bone lead significantly decreased collagen maturity and bone crystal size by FTIRM. In contrast to cell culture studies, lead significantly increased serum osteocalcin levels. Lead also significantly increased the bone formation and resorption markers suggesting increased bone turnover. These data show that lead increases bone turnover resulting in weaker cortical bone in adult female mice and suggest that lead may exacerbate bone loss and osteoporosis in the elderly.
An adaptive sensor mining framework for pervasive computing applications

Analyzing sensor data in pervasive computing applications brings unique challenges to the KDD community. The challenge is heightened when the underlying data source is dynamic and the patterns change. We introduce a new adaptive mining framework that detects patterns in sensor data, and more importantly, adapts to the changes in the underlying model. In our framework, the frequent and periodic patterns of data are first discovered by the Frequent and Periodic Pattern Miner (FPPM) algorithm; and then any changes in the discovered patterns over the lifetime of the system are discovered by the Pattern Adaptation Miner (PAM) algorithm, in order to adapt to the changing environment. This framework also captures vital context information present in pervasive computing applications, such as the startup triggers and temporal information. In this paper, we present a description of our mining framework and validate the approach using data collected in the CASAS smart home testbed.
Pain control options for first trimester surgical abortions: a review

Pain control is a significant issue for women undergoing gynecological procedures including first trimester surgical abortion. Pain perception is a complex phenomenon which impacts the selection of analgesia. We present a review on the efficacy of various pain control modalities for first trimester surgical abortion in the clinical setting.