cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conductas de control de peso en mujeres adolescentes dietantes y su relación con insatisfacción corporal y obsesión por la delgadez

Resumen Introduccion : La obsesion por la delgadez y la insatisfaccion corporal pueden llevar a las ado-lescentes a seguir dietas sin supervision, lo que podria asociarse ademas a conductas riesgosas de control de peso, tales como ayuno, vomitos, uso de diureticos y laxantes. El objetivo fue explorar conductas de control de peso en adolescente s dietantes y relacionarlas con insatisfac-cion corporal (IC) y obsesion por la delgadez (DT). Pacientes y Metodo : Estudio transversal en 439 adolescentes de colegios publicos de Valparaiso disenado para indagar conductas de control de peso riesgosas a traves de escalas de IC y DT del Cuestionario de Trastornos Alimentarios (EDI-2), comparando dietantes y no dietantes. Resultados: El 43% habia realizado dieta sin su-pervision medica. Las dietantes presentan valores superiores en DT e IC. El 29,6% de ellas pre-senta restriccion alimentaria de riesgo moderado a alto, tomando como base el criterio de ex-pertos, y se encuentran diferencias en la presencia y severidad de las conductas purgativas de control de peso entre los dos grupos estudiados.
The effect of case methods on preservice physical education teachers' value orientations

Background: Preservice teachers' beliefs and values develop during their K-12 ‘apprenticeship of observation’ and filter both compatible and incompatible ideas about teaching and learning. Preservice teacher education has been suggested as a critical period for examining beliefs about teaching and learning. Case methods may be one curricular tool to instill change in preservice teachers' beliefs and values. Method: Ten Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) students completed the Value Orientation Inventory-2 (VOI-2) and were interviewed four times over one academic year during which they were also engaged in three teaching practicums. The intervention consisted of reading and discussing eight cases in physical education focused on either the disciplinary mastery or social responsibility value orientation. Results: Results indicate that case methods had differential effects on PETE students' value orientations. PETE students' value orientations changed in the direction of the case theme at differing ...
One-year follow-up after intravascular ultrasound assessment of moderate left main coronary artery disease in patients with ambiguous angiograms.

Abstract OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to correlate angiographic and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) findings in left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease and identify the predictors of coronary events at one year in patients with LMCA stenoses. BACKGROUND Significant (≥50% diameter stenosis [DS]) LMCA disease has a poor long-term prognosis. METHODS One hundred twenty-two patients who underwent angiographic and IVUS assessment of the severity of LMCA disease and who did not have subsequent catheter or surgical intervention were followed for one year. Standard clinical, angiographic and IVUS parameters were collected. RESULTS The quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) reference diameter (3.91 ± 0.76 mm, mean ± 1 SD) correlated moderately with IVUS (4.25 ± 0.78 mm, r = 0.492, p = 0.0001). The lesion site minimum lumen diameter (MLD) (2.26 ± 0.82 mm) by QCA correlated less well with IVUS (2.8 ± 0.82 mm, r = 0.364, p = 0.0005). The QCA DS measured 42 ± 16%. During the follow-up period, 4 patients died, none had a myocardial infarction, 3 underwent catheter-based LMCA intervention and 11 underwent bypass surgery. Univariate predictors of events (p 50% and IVUS reference plaque burden and lesion lumen area, maximum lumen diameter, MLD, plaque area and area stenosis. Using logistic regression analysis diabetes mellitus, an untreated vessel (with a DS > 50%) and IVUS MLD were independent predictors of cardiac events. CONCLUSIONS In selected patients assessed by IVUS, moderate LMCA disease had a one-year event rate of only 14%. Intravascular ultrasound MLD was the most important quantitative predictor of cardiac events. For any given MLD, the event rate was exaggerated in the presence of diabetes or another untreated lesion (>50% DS).
A Wave Equation for the SGEMP Boundary Layer

A static solution and a linear dispersion relationship are obtained from fluid equations to address the frequency content of the radiation from the SGEMP boundary layer. Numerical simulations confirm the results and indicate nonlinear behavior. No new SGEMP threat to satellites is predicted.
Structure of ultrathin films of Fe on Cu{111} and Cu{110}

A study of the growth of Fe on Cu{l brace}111{r brace} and on Cu{l brace}110{r brace} has been carried out with low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and Auger electron spectroscopy. We find that on Cu{l brace}111{r brace}, Fe grows first pseudomorphically as {gamma}-Fe{l brace}111{r brace} to a thickness of about five layer equivalents (LE), and then forms six bcc Fe{l brace}110{r brace} domains rotationally related in the Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation. The pseudomorphic film has the same bulk interlayer spacing, within experimental error, as the Cu{l brace}111{r brace} substrate (2.08{plus minus}0.03 A) and a slightly contracted first interlayer spacing (2.03{plus minus}0.03 A). With increasing thickness more and more defects are introduced in the film, but a 13-LE film still produces a good LEED pattern. On Cu{l brace}110{r brace}, the Fe film grows also pseudomorphically, with the same bulk interlayer spacing as the substrate (1.27 A) and a contracted first interlayer spacing (1.17 A), but a precise structure analysis is not possible because the film has relatively large {l brace}111{r brace} facets. Defects and disorder increase with film thickness, so that the LEED pattern is practically obliterated when the thickness exceeds about 20 LE.
Bone regeneration following grafts with polyvinyl plastic sponge.

Abstract A study has been made of the reaction of bone to the implantation of polyvinyl plastic sponge. Where contact was established between the sponge and the marrow cavity, a structural attachment resulted between the parent basic bone substance and the new bone which infiltrated the sponge. This did not occur where the sponge was merely in contact with the freshly ground cortical surface of the bone devoid of periosteum. Histologic observations showed that the lattice-like spaces within the sponge matrix became filled with connective tissue elements, ground substance, osteogenic tissue, and, finally, calcified spicules. No foreign-body reaction was induced in the bone. While the results obtained by others have shown that polyvinyl sponge is not resorbed following implantation into various tissues, our studies in bone produced different results. We observed osteoclastic activity about the interstices in the sponge and consequent resorption followed by gradual replacement of the sponge material with bone. We noted that twelve weeks following implantation the trabeculae were, for the most part, rebuilt into compact bone with Haversian systems, except for small uncalcified areas of plastic sponge which were incorporated into the bone matrix. In areas where the sponge remained, there was a singular absence of osteogenic activity. These areas constituted approximately 15 per cent of the original sponge implanted twelve weeks previously, and no discernible difference could be noted in sections prepared from grafts left in situ for longer intervals of up to twenty-four weeks' duration. The preliminary observations made in this study further indicated that the use of polyvinyl plastic sponge grafts, as described, appeared to enable regulation of the direction of normal bone to grow and regenerate beyond the original contours of the bone studied.
The LJ-Solid Equation of State Extended to Thermal Properties, Chain Molecules, and Mixtures

The Lennard-Jones solid equation of state (EOS), rooted in a Weeks-Chandler-Andersen approximation for the face-centered-cubic solid state, is found to reproduce Monte Carlo data for pressure and internal energy for spherical and freely jointed chain solids. This EOS is also found to correlate the melting temperature and pressure of argon, krypton, methane, and nitrogen and to predict the pressure−volume−temperature, heat of melting, and specific heat of argon and krypton. This EOS, when combined with a SAFT approximation for the liquid state, is found to correlate the solid−liquid equilibria of argon/krypton and argon/methane mixtures and to predict the solid−solid equilibria and the eutectic temperature of argon/methane mixtures.
Intramolecular electron transfer within a water-soluble, ferrocene-labeled polyacrylate

Abstract A water-soluble polyanionic polyacrylate was rendered electroactive by the covalent attachment of (on average) one ferrocene molecule to each polymer chain. Electro-oxidation of the ferrocene labels produced ferricinium groups that could not be electro-reduced in dilute supporting electrolyte solutions (less than 0.1 M). However, Ru(NH3)63+ counterions bound electrostatically to the oxidized polyanion could be electro-reduced and the resulting, bound Ru(NH3)62+ counterions rapidly reduced the ferrocenium groups on the same polyanionic chain by intramolecular electron transfer. These phenomena are demonstrated by means of cyclic voltammetry. Experimental and numerically simulated cyclic voltammetric responses are compared to support the mechanism proposed to account for the observed results which may be relevant to long range electron transfers in redox enzymes and across molecular monolayers on surfaces.
The molecular and genetic basis for lactate dehydrogenase of the mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis

Abstract Electrophoretic and immunochemical analysis of the lactate dehydrogenase isozyme patterns of several tissues of Gambusia affinis indicated that these isozymic patterns are the products of three LDH loci—A, B and C. 1. 2. The LDH-C locus showed expression restricted to neural and retinal tissue. 2. 3. The LDH-A locus was expressed principally in skeletal muscle. 3. 4. No heterozygosity of these three LDH loci was observed in this investigation.
ASSORTATIVE POLLINATION IN LYTHRUM

A B S T R A C T The pollination patterns of bees and butterflies were observed in an assemblage composed of 57 plants of Lythrum alatum and 30 plants of L. salicaria. Lythrum salicaria was preferred by both groups of pollinators as indicated by the greater number of flights from this species as compared to flights from L. alatum. The degree of assortative pollination was measured in both groups of pollinators and was greater in bees. Fidelity in bees appeared to be in response to species attractiveness, whereas in butterflies it appeared to be in response to species balance. POSITIVE assortative pollination in assemblages of two or more related species of flowering plants is exhibited to varying degrees by most major groups of insect pollinators (Faegri and van der PijI, 1966; Baker and Hurd, 1968). This feature, which develops as the result of a fixation upon a color-form-odor complex, is displayed to its fullest extent in bees and lepidopterans, bees being foremost in this regard. The extent to which pollinators deviate from random pollination is dependent upon the ability of the pollinators to differentiate between the sum total of signals emitted by a species and that emitted by a related species. Consequently, a group of pollinators will not invariably display a given level of species fidelity since the extent to which signal complexes differ may vary from one species combination to another. Although it is generally agreed that flowerconstancy within a given combination of allied species is more highly developed in bees than in lepidopterans, this view is based almost exclusively upon the behavior of bees and lepidopterans on species of different plant genera. The purpose of this investigation was to obtain direct evidence about bee and lepidopteran flower-constancy by comparing the extent to which these pollinators deviated from random pollination in the same bispecific population under the same environmental conditions. The plants employed in the investigation were Lythrum alatum Pursh and L. salicaria L.
A time-series study of the spring bloom at the Bering Sea ice edge I. Physical processes, chlorophyll and nutrient chemistry

Abstract An intense but short-lived phytoplankton bloom develops in the low-salinity melt waters at the edge of the Bering Sea ice as the ice melts and retreats each spring. In spring 1988 we followed the development of this bloom by sampling every 3 h while following a freely drifting drogue in the marginal ice-edge zone for two four-day periods. The first period (29 April–3 May) was at an early stage of the bloom while the second period (10–13 May) was at the peak of the bloom. Early in the bloom, the phytoplankton consumed all the nitrate (∼400 mmoles m−2) initially present in the surface water producing large accumulations of particulate carbon (>1000 mmoles C m−2). By the time of peak chlorophyll concentrations (∼35 mg M−3), nitrate concentrations had been depleted so that the sustained high productivity depended on either recycled or imported nutrients. After this point, there was little net additional accumulation of biomass. From these data plus cruise data from previous years, we find that the Bering Sea ice-edge bloom typically begins in the last week of April and appears to precede blooms in the adjacent ice-free waters by days to weeks. The variability in bloom onset observed over several years is not linked very closely to the large scale climatic variations found in this region, but rather appears to be related to local weather during the end of April and the first part of May, with calm, sunny weather being required to initiate the blooms.
Lebed resonance in quasi-one-dimensional organic conductors.

We consider a strongly anisotropic three-dimensional conductor in a magnetic field perpendicular to the most conducting direction. We show that the magnetoresistance exhibits a series of resonance like dips when the magnetic field takes particular angles in the b-c plane where periodic motion in the b and the c direction becomes commensurate. The model is consistent with the initial idea of Lebed and describes recent experiments in (TMTSF${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{ClO}}_{4}$ (where TMTSF is tetramethyltetravelenafulvalene) quite well.
Characterization of abrupt rotating stall initiation in an axial flow compressor

The detection of rotating stall precursors has become a focus of current research because of the desirability of implementing a control scheme well before a compressor enters a stall condition. To identify spatially coherent pressure waves that would serve as precursors to the development of an instability in a low-speed, axial-flow compressor, the Purdue Axial Flow Research Compressor was instrumented with sensitive electret microphones uniformly distributed around the compressor circumference. Fourier analysis of simultaneously sampled data from these microphone arrays was employed to identify the development of dominant spatial modes in the pressure field in the compressor. The transition to stall was observed to be an abrupt process, with the eruption of a stall cell on rotor blades corresponding to a strong rise in the spatial mode magnitude. However, a weak, circumferentially distorted pressure wave was detected that began adjusting to the ultimate phase propagation velocity of the finite stall pattern from within 5-26 revolutions prior to a significant rise in the mode magnitude and the indication of a stall cell on the rotor blade. Comparison of the first and second harmonics of this signal indicate that this disturbance is represented in the spatial domain by an impulsive-type waveform, and thus likely represents a small, propagating flow separation.
An evolution of bioinorganic chemistry from molecular to geological level—Daryle H. Busch's contribution

The evolution of the discipline Bioinorganic Chemistry and how Daryle H. Busch contributed to it are reviewed from a personal perspective of this author. The initial motivation was intimated in a review article published in the third volume (1968) of this journal. Bioinorganic chemistry has been expanded from the molecular level to include the environmental and geological aspects.
ON THE ADSORPTION OF IONS AT CHARGED SITES IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD.II.

A study is made of the adsorption of one kind of monovalent positive ion at a long chain of alternating monovalent negative fixed charged (“lattice”) and uncharged (“interstitial”) sites both of one type in an electric field. Considering only nearest neighbor interactions an expression is obtained for the grand partition function. The fractions of sites of both types which are occupied and unoccupied are determined. It is shown that an equilibrium constant can be defined for the adsorption of ions at oppositely charged sites.
Athermalization of a single-component lens with diffractive optics

We describe a design method to athermalize a single-material lens element by using a kinoform on one surface to keep its focal length and aberrations constant with temperature. We diamond turned and thermally tested a plastic athermat and compared it to an uncompensated conventional lens.
Ultrasonic treatment of polypropylene, polyamide 6, and their blends

The mechanical and rheological properties of polypropylene (PP), polyamide 6 (PA6), and their blends treated by high-intensity ultrasound during extrusion were investigated. A lower head pressure was achieved in the extrusion of these thermoplastics. The mechanochemical and sonochemical effects of ultrasound led to simultaneous ionic condensation reactions and degradation in a homogeneous melt of PA6, with a prevailing effect of enhanced polycondensation reactions. The observed improvements in the mechanical properties of ultrasonically treated PA6 were attributed to condensation reactions, which yield a higher molecular weight, a higher crystallinity, and a more uniform crystal size distribution. At high ultrasound amplitudes, for PP, the degradation of polymer chains was observed with little deterioration of the mechanical properties. For ultrasonically treated PP/PA6 blends, a competition between the degradation and partial in situ compatibilization effect was found. At certain blend ratios, the tensile toughness and impact strength of the treated blends were almost double those of the untreated blends. However, full compatibilization was not achieved, possibly because of the low coupling selectivity of highly reactive radicals. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2643–2653, 2006
Functional Analysis of Conserved Residues in the Putative “Finger” Domain of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase *

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase (RT) responsible for the maintenance of one strand of telomere terminal repeats. The catalytic protein subunit of telomerase, known generically as telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), exhibits significant homology to RTs encoded by retroviruses and retroelements. The polymerization mechanisms of telomerase may therefore be similar to those of the "conventional" RTs. In this study, we explored the extent of mechanistic conservation by analyzing mutations of conserved residues within the putative "finger" domain of TERT. Previous analysis has implicated this domain of retroviral RTs in nucleotide and RNA binding and in processivity control. Our results demonstrate that residues conserved between TERT and human immunodeficiency virus-1 RT are more likely than TERT-specific residues to be required for enzyme activity. In addition, residues presumed to make direct contact with either the RNA or nucleotide substrate appear to be functionally more important. Furthermore, distinct biochemical defects can be observed for alterations in the putative RNA- and nucleotide-binding TERT residues in a manner that can be rationalized by their postulated mechanisms of action. This study thus supports a high degree of mechanistic conservation between telomerase and retroviral RTs and underscores the roles of distinct aspects of telomerase biochemistry in telomere length maintenance.
SECURE IMAGE HIDING SCHEME BASED UPON VECTOR QUANTIZATION

In this paper, a novel gray-level image-hiding scheme is proposed. The goal of this scheme is to hide multiple important gray-level images into another meaningful graylevel image. The secret images to be protected are rst compressed using the vector quantization scheme. Then, the DES cryptosystem is conducted on the VQ indices and related parameters to generate the encrypted message. Finally, the encrypted message is embedded into the rightmost two bits of each pixel in the cover image. According to the experimental results, average image qualities of 44.320 dB and 30.885 dB are achieved for the embedded images and the retrieved secret images, respectively. In other words, multiple secret images can be eectiv ely hidden into one host image of the same size. In addition, the proposed scheme strengthens the protection of the secret images by conducting the DES cryptosystem on the related parameters and the VQ indices of the compressed secret images. Therefore, the proposed scheme provides a secure approach to embed multiple important images into another meaningful image of the same size.
Distributed Lasso for in-network linear regression

The least-absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) is a popular tool for joint estimation and continuous variable selection, especially well-suited for the under-determined but sparse linear regression problems. This paper develops an algorithm to estimate the regression coefficients via Lasso when the training data is distributed across different agents, and their communication to a central processing unit is prohibited for e.g., communication cost or privacy reasons. The novel distributed algorithm is obtained after reformulating the Lasso into a separable form, which is iteratively minimized using the alternating-direction method of multipliers so as to gain the desired degree of parallelization. The per agent estimate updates are given by simple soft-thresholding operations, and inter-agent communication overhead remains at affordable level. Without exchanging elements from the different training sets, the local estimates provably consent to the global Lasso solution, i.e., the fit that would be obtained if the entire data set were centrally available. Numerical experiments corroborate the convergence and global optimality of the proposed distributed scheme.
“You Ain't No Christian, Not ‘Cordin’ to Gospel Truth”: The Literary Theology of Rose Terry Cooke

New England regionalist writer Rose Terry Cooke, energized by the transformation of nineteenth-century evangelical Protestantism, used a variety of narrative strategies to convey her practical theology. Her fiction, which appeared in mainstream literary magazines as well as antebellum Protestant periodicals, betrays religious anxieties not dissimilar to those dominating public discourse today.
Is there a morally relevant difference between human and animal nonpersons

It is commonly believed that we humans are justified in exploiting animals because we are “higher” beings:persons who have highly complex, autonomous lives as moral agents. However, there are many “marginal” humans who are not and never will be persons. Those who think it is permissible to exploit animal nonpersons but wrong to do the same to human nonpersons must show that there is a morally relevant difference between the two groups. Speciesists, who believe that membership in a species whose normal adults are persons is sufficient for a right to life, attempt to do just this. As the failure of the best arguments which can be marshalled on their behalf indicates, they are unable to justify their view. I conclude that, although there is a morally relevant difference between human nonpersons and most animal nonpersons, this difference is not an indication of superior moral status. We would do better to abandon speciesism and the assumption thatpersonhood is morally paramount for a view which implies that both human and nonhuman nonpersons are morally considerable and have a right to life.
Rationale Membrane Protein Design of a Beta-Barrel

Bacterial outer membrane proteins have robust beta-barrel structures. Therefore, they are targeted for engineering biological nanopores as stochastic biosensing elements. We used membrane protein engineering and single-channel electrical recordings to explore the ferric hydroxamate uptake component A (FhuA) as a target for redesigning membrane proteins. FhuA is a monomeric 22-stranded beta-barrel protein from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. FhuA has a lumen with cross section of 3.1 X 4.4 nm that is filled by a globular N-terminal cork domain. We investigated various redesigned FhuA proteins, which had either single, double, or multiple deletions of the large extracellular loops and the cork domain. Analysis of the electrical signatures of these initial exploratory redesigned FhuA proteins led to the identification of four large extracellular loops that partially occlude the lumen when the cork domain is removed. Accordingly, we removed the cork along with the extracellular loops, FhuA delta C/delta 4L, resulting in the deletion of almost one third of the total number of amino acids of the wild-type FhuA protein. Remarkably, the newly redesigned protein forms an open pore in planar lipid bilayers, with a measured unitary conductance of ∼4.8 nanosiemens in 1 M KCl at pH 7.4, a value that has not been recorded previously with other engineered FhuA protein channels. We show several advantages and prospects of using such an engineered outer membrane protein in fundamental studies of membrane protein folding and design, and the mechanisms of ion conductance and gating. Further, FhuA delta C/delta 4L can be a platform for customized engineering in applicative areas of single-molecule sensing and analysis of proteins, nucleic acids and their ensembles.
Metered-dose aerosolized bronchodilators in prehospital care: a feasibility study.

Abstract The prehospital use of aerosolized bronchodilators was studied in 50 adult patients with bronchospasm. The specific β 2 -agonist, albuterol, was discharged from a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) into the Inhal-aid® reservoir-delivery device. No serious adverse effects were encountered, although a substantial proportion of the patients (36%) had difficulty utilizing the device. Ability to use the system properly correlated with improvement in symptoms; inability to use the device was most clearly related to severity of clinical presentation. It is concluded that the use of aerosolized bronchodilators is feasible in prehospital care and most useful in patients with mild or moderately severe symptoms.
Renal Concentrating Mechanism: Possible Role for Sodium-Potassium Activated Adenosine Triphosphatase

Sodium-potassium activated adenosine triphosphatase activity was found to be almost twice as high in renal medulla as in cortex. Infusion of digoxin, a specific inhibitor of the enzyme, into one renal artery of the dog resulted in unilateral natriuresis, impaired concentrating capacity, and reduction of the enzyme activity in both cortex and medulla. It is suggested that the sodium-potasium adenosine triphosphatase plays an important role in urine concetration mechanisms.
Color octet scalar production at the CERN LHC

New physics at the weak scale that can couple to quarks typically gives rise to unacceptably large flavor changing neutral currents. An attractive way to avoid this problem is to impose the principle of minimal flavor violation. Recently it was noted that in minimal flavor violation only scalars with the same gauge quantum numbers as the standard model Higgs doublet or color octet scalars with the same weak quantum numbers as the Higgs doublet can couple to quarks. In this paper we compute the one-loop rate for production of a single color octet scalar through gluon fusion at the LHC, which can become greater than the tree level pair production rate for octet scalar masses around a TeV. We also calculate the precision electroweak constraint from Z-->[overline b]b; this constraint on color octet mass and Yukawa coupling affects the allowed range for single octet scalar production through gluon fusion.
IL23R haplotypes provide a large population attributable risk for Crohn's disease.

The IL-23 pathway plays a pivotal role in the development of chronic mucosal inflammation seen in the inflammatory bowel diseases (McGovern and Powrie 2007). Furthermore, the contribution of the interleukin 23 receptor gene (IL23R) to Crohn’s Disease (CD) risk has now been established by a genome wide association study (GWAS) (Duerr et al. 2006), confirmed in a pediatric cohort (Dubinsky et al. 2007), and confirmed the large multi-disease study from the UK (2007). The association of IL23R variants with CD has also been observed in populations ascertained from Scotland (Van Limbergen et al. 2007), New Zealand (Roberts et al. 2007), Continental Europe (Buning et al. 2003; Libioulle et al. 2007; Weersma et al. 2007), North America (Baldassano et al. 2007), Brazil (Baptista et al. 2008), and Israel (Leshinsky-Silver et al. 2007), but not Japan (Yamazaki et al. 2007). In general, most of the confirmation studies have focused on the “protective” effect of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs11209026, a coding SNP that alters Arginine 381 to Glutamine (R381Q). In the original report, the Glutamine allele was present in ~7% of controls and 2-3% of CD cases (Duerr et al. 2006). When NOD2 (CARD15) was identified as the first gene for CD, the initial findings suggested that three mutations within the gene were associated with disease susceptibility (Hugot et al. 2001; Ogura et al. 2001). However, the initial observations also suggested that the CD association with these three SNPs did not account for all of the linkage signal with CD at the IBD1 locus (Hampe et al. 2002). A portion of the linkage signal, at least, could be explained by other mutations within NOD2 that were not identified in the early NOD2 association studies (Lesage et al. 2002). This initial experience with NOD2 suggests that, once a susceptibility gene has been identified for a complex genetic trait, additional association studies with other variants are necessary in order to evaluate the role of a particular gene in disease etiopathogenesis more fully. One strategy to test for the role of other variation in a putative susceptibility gene is to examine the association of major haplotypes within the disease under study (Crawford and Nickerson 2005). The rationale for this approach is that, by testing the major haplotypes in a population, the genetic variation at a high frequency in a population may be tested prior to knowing all of the individual variants that may be present. A further advantage of the haplotype approach is that the identification of haplotypes associated with disease susceptibility identify those patients that should be given priority in a deep sequencing project aimed at uncovering variation. The aim of this study was to estimate the full contribution of IL23R variation to CD by examining the association of IL23R haplotypes with CD in our Caucasian population from Los Angeles. We report that haplotypic variation in IL23R accounts for a substantially larger proportion of the population attributable risk for CD than would be observed by genotyping only the IL23R R381Q variant.
Disecondary amine synthesis and its reaction kinetics with epoxy prepolymers

3,3′-Diaminodiphenyl sulfone (3,3′-DDS) was reacted with acetaldehyde in the presence of sodium triacetoxy borohydride via reductive amination to yield a 3,3′-DDS based secondary diamine, N,N′-diethyl-3,3′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone. Near IR analysis indicated that the 5060 cm−1 peak for primary amine (NH2) in 3,3′-DDS was absent in the reaction product spectrum. The NH2 proton peak at δ 5.66 ppm shifted to δ 6.16 ppm in the product. Methyl and methylene protons of CH3CH2NHPh group were observed at δ 3.01 and 1.12 ppm, respectively, in the product. The carbon NMR spectrum of the reaction product showed new peaks at δ 37.46 and 14.47 ppm that further confirmed secondary amine formation. The liquid chromatography coupled mass spectra peaks at 248–250 for 3,3′-DDS and 304 for the reaction product further supported the formation of N,N′-diethyl-3,3′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone. A blend of N,N′-diethyl-3,3′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy prepolymer started reacting at about 110–125°C surpassing an energy barrier of ∼ 66 kJ/mol as determined via differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Reaction kinetics were characterized via near IR spectroscopy specific to the reaction between secondary amine and DGEBA epoxy prepolymer. The results confirmed >97% conversion at a cure protocol of 5 h at 80°C, 5 h at 100°C, 11 h at 125°C, and 6 h at 185°C. N,N′-diethyl-3,3′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone-DGEBA thermoplastics displayed tensile and flexural modulii of 3.08 and 2.86 GPa, respectively, and glass transition temperature (Tg) of 120.77°C. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
A novel chromosomal inversion at 11q23 in infant acute myeloid leukemia fuses MLL to CALM, a gene that encodes a clathrin assembly protein.

Rearrangements involving the MLL gene at chromosome band 11q23 are common in infant acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs). We recently encountered an infant patient with rapidly progressive AML whose leukemic cells harbored a previously undescribed MLL rearrangement involving an inversion of 11q [inv(11)(q14q23)]. We used panhandle PCR to determine that this rearrangement juxtaposed the MLL (Mixed-Lineage Leukemia) gene to the CALM (Clathrin Assembly Lymphoid Myeloid leukemia) gene at 11q14 – q21. The CALM protein participates in recruitment of clathrin to internal membrane surfaces, thereby regulating vesicle formation in both endocytosis and intracellular protein transport. Intriguingly, CALM has been identified in other cases of AML as a translocation partner for the AF10 gene, which has independently been found to be an MLL partner in AML. We identified the MLL-CALM fusion transcript (but not the reciprocal CALM-MLL transcript) in leukemia cell RNA by RT-PCR. The predicted 1803 amino acid MLL-CALM fusion protein includes amino-terminal MLL domains involved in transcriptional repression, and carboxy-terminal CALM-derived clathrin-binding domains. The genomic breakpoint in MLL is in the 7th intron (within the breakpoint cluster region); the corresponding CALM breakpoint is in the 7th CALM intron. In contrast, breakpoints in CALM-AF10 translocations lie in the 17th–19th CALM introns (30 kb downstream); also, in these translocations, CALM provides the 5 end of the fusion transcript. Together with its previously recognized association with AF10 in AML, the identification of CALM as an MLL fusion partner suggests that interference with clathrin-mediated trafficking pathways may be an underappreciated mechanism in leukemogenesis. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Should prostate specific antigen be adjusted for body mass index? Data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Purpose: Obesity may be associated with lower prostate specific antigen through hemodilution. We examined the relationship between body mass index and prostate specific antigen by age in men without prostate cancer in a longitudinal aging study to determine whether prostate specific antigen must be adjusted for body mass index.Materials and Methods: The study population included 994 men (4,937 observations) without prostate cancer in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Mixed effects models were used to examine the relationship between prostate specific antigen and body mass index in kg/m2 by age. Separate models were explored in men with prostate cancer censored at diagnosis, for percent body fat measurements, for weight changes with time and adjusting for initial prostate size in 483 men (2,523 observations) with pelvic magnetic resonance imaging measurements.Results: In men without prostate cancer body mass index was not significantly associated with prostate specific antigen after adjusting for ...
The statistical accuracy of an arctangent bearing estimator

One of the most widely used underwater acoustic sensors in the world is the DIFAR sonobuoy, which consists of an omni-directional hydrophone and two dipole sensors oriented orthogonally. The directional information provided by the dipoles makes it possible to estimate the bearing to an underwater acoustic source. In this paper, the performance of an arctangent bearing estimator is examined for both sinusoidal and Gaussian signals in isotropic Gaussian noise. It is shown that the estimator is unbiased, and exact formulas for the bearing error (variance) are presented. These formulas allow for the case in which multiple data blocks are averaged before forming the bearing estimate. Several examples based on the numerical evaluation of the bearing variance are presented, and the performance is compared with the Cramer-Rao lower bound.
An indirect adaptive servocompensator for signals of unknown frequencies with application to nanopositioning

Abstract We propose an adaptive servocompensator utilizing frequency estimation and slow adaptation for systems subject to inputs of unknown frequencies. We show that the proposed controller can achieve zero tracking error for a class of periodic references and disturbances, including scenarios specifically relevant to piezo-actuated nanopositioning systems. In particular, for the case of a sinusoidal reference input, we establish the exponential stability of the closed-loop system in the presence of harmonic disturbances, under certain conditions on the amplitudes of the reference and disturbances. We also prove exponential stability in the case of sinusoidal reference and disturbance with two distinct frequencies. Additionally, we show that the proposed method, in conjunction with approximate hysteresis inversion, can attenuate the effect of hysteresis nonlinearity preceding linear dynamics and ensure the boundedness of the closed-loop system. Experiments conducted on a commercially available nanopositioner confirm our theoretical analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method as compared to Iterative Learning Control, a competitive technique in nanopositioning for tracking periodic references.
The Changing Education Landscape: How Special Education Leadership Preparation Can Make a Difference for Teachers and Their Students with Disabilities.

The roles and obligations of teacher educators have expanded substantially in recent years. Expectations have increased because of national concerns about the overall achievement results of all students and because of specific federal mandates—expressed in reauthorizations of the No Child Left Behind Act and the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004—about students with disabilities and their access to the general education curriculum and their increased, successful participation in inclusive educational settings. Complicated by the chronic and persistent shortage of special educators and the imperative that general educators have increased skills to address the needs of all struggling learners, demands on special education college and university faculty have magnified. However, the nation continues to face a shortage of faculty who can generate new knowledge about effective practices, translate such research findings into teacher preparation programs’ curriculum, and prepare a su...
Negative regulation of transforming growth factor-β by the proteoglycan decorin

Decorin is a small chondroitin-dermatan sulphate proteoglycan consisting of a core protein and a single glycosaminoglycan chain. Eighty per cent of the core protein consists of 10 repeats of a leucin-rich sequence of 24 amino acids. Similar repeats have been found in two other proteoglycans, biglycan and fibromodulin, and in several other proteins including Drosophila morphogenetic proteins. Expression of high levels of decorin in Chinese hamster ovary cells has a dramatic effect on their morphology and growth properties. We now report that this effect is due at least in part to the ability of decorin to bind transforming growth factor-beta, an autocrine factor that stimulates the growth of Chinese hamster ovary cells. As transforming growth factor-beta induces synthesis of decorin in many cell types, our results suggest that decorin may be a component of a feedback system regulating cell growth.
SU-E-I-94: External Beam Radiation Cherenkov Emission in Tissue Used for Tissue Oxygen Sensing.

Purpose: To show that Cherenkov emission is generated by external radiotherapy beam in tissue, and could serve as optical source to excite an oxygen sensitive phosphor, Oxyphor G4, within tissue. The intensity and lifetime of the phosphorescence was measured with a time‐gated system and reveals the oxygenation levels in the tissue phantom. Methods: A tissue phantom made with PBS, 1% v/v Intralipid‐20% (Sigma Aldrich), 1% v/v whole blood and Oxyphor G4 in 1 μM concentration is irradiated by 18MeV external radiotherapy electron beam at a dose rate of 4 Gy/min generated by a medicallinear accelerator (Varian LINAC 2100C, Varian Medical Systems). On one side of the phantom, a fiber bundle is used to conduct optical signal to a spectrometer connected to a fast gating ICCD (PI‐MAX3, Princeton Instruments). For each oxygenation level, a series of spectrum of phosphorescence at different time points is measured by the time domain gating technique. Lifetime of phosphorescence is analyzed by exponential fitting and is validated by comparison to an independent analysis by frequency domain phosphorimetry. Monte Carlo simulations using GEANT4, of the fiber optic collection of Cerenkov light were performed to decide the sensitivity of the optical system for a range of specified geometries and beam types. Simulation results identify the effective depth within the phantom that is sampled by the optical collection of the Cerenkov signal. Results: Simulations show that we can detect the Cherenkov signals comes from an approximately 5 mm depth from within the tissue phantom. Lifetime of the phosphorescence and pO2 of the phantom could be measured and calculated correctly by the time domain gating system. Conclusions: This work indicates time domain gating techniques combined with an oxygen sensitive phosphor are capable of accurately monitoring tissue oxygenation from a reasonable sampling depth in tissue in vivo during external beam radiotherapy. NIH grant R01CA109558
Magnetic properties of Nb/CuMn multilayer systems

Abstract The coupling between superconductivity and a metallic spin glass has been investigated in multilayer samples of Nb and Cu 1-x Mn x . Initial results of the dependence of H c2 on temperature lead to the conclusion that thin films of the spin glass alloy can be forced into the superconducting state. Since both T f and T can be tuned by appropriate dimensional adjustments, the system shows much flexibility for the study of magnetic-superconducting interactions.
Novel processing of high-performance MnBi magnets

Rare-earth-free MnBi magnets have attracted much attention recently due to their positive temperature coefficient of coercivity. In this work, the preparation, microstructure and magnetic properties of bulk MnBi magnets have been investigated. A low-temperature (−120 °C), low-energy ball-milling (LTLEBM) process has been adopted in the initial MnBi powder preparation that reduces the particle size to 1–5 μm from the 35–75 μm size of raw material powders of the MnBi low-temperature phase (LTP) (~97 wt%) made by melting and annealing. The LTLEBM process has significantly suspended the decomposition of the LTP MnBi that occurs excessively during ordinary room-temperature ball milling. After the LTLEBM, the coercivity iHc of the MnBi powder was increased from 1 kOe to 12 kOe while the LTP content in the powder was retained as high as 95 wt%. The as-milled powders were then aligned in an 18 kOe field and warm-compacted into a dense bulk magnet at 300 °C for 10 min to reach a mass density of ~8.4 g cm−3. The bulk magnets have a maximum energy product of 7.8 MGOe and coercivity of 6.5 kOe at room temperature. When the temperature is increased to 475 K, the coercivity is increased to 23 kOe.
Strength and fractional arboricity of complementary graphs

Abstract Let G be a simple graph and Gc be the complement of G. Let ω(G) denote the number of components of G. As in Catlin et al. (1992), for a nontrivial graph G, the strength of G is where the minimum is over all subsets S ⊆ E(G) such that ω(G − S) > ω(G). The fractional arboricity of a nontrivial graph G is where the maximum runs over all subgraphs H with | V(H) | > ω(H). In this note, we shall present Nordhaus-Gaddum types of inequalities on the strength and the fractional arboricity of a graph G. In particular, we show that if G is a simple graph on n ⩾ 4 vertices, then each of the following holds: where d ϵ [γo], [γo] + 1 in (e) and (f), and. Moreover, all the bounds are best possible.
Exploration Station 2010 Brings Science to the Public

[1] Exploration Station is a public outreach event held prior to the AGU Fall Meeting each year and is a joint venture between AGU and NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The event features hands-on science activities for the public. This year's event was held in conjunction with the AGU public lecture given by SDO lead project scientist, Dean Pesnell. Many members of the general public attended, including families with children. They were joined by many AGU members, who also enjoyed the exhibits and explored the possible education and outreach activities available within the AGU community. Educators from across AGU were involved, but space physics and planetary sciences were especially well represented.
Divergent Models of Community Health Workers in Highland Guatemala

Community Health Workers (CHWs) are central to Primary Health Care initiatives, serving the essential function of extending access to health services in rural communities. In 1997, the Guatemalan government implemented the Sistema Integral de Atencion en Salud (Integrated Health Care System) (SIAS). Central to SIAS is the guardian de salud (health guardian), a CHW whose role is to refer individuals in their communities to higher levels of care. SIAS is highly effective in recruiting guardianes (guardians), with over 25,000 in 2003. Yet, there are several types of established CHWs throughout Guatemala with different training and abilities. The presence of existing CHWs, particularly the promotor de salud (health promoter) which specializes in curative services, strongly influences participation in new programs as they set local expectations of the position. In this paper, I analyze the implementation of the guardian in the municipality of San Martin Jilotepeque, focusing on how expectations of the position influence participation as well as how CHWs negotiate their practices in relation to these two models. I argue that differences in the ability to provide curative medicine effectively reinforces a dualistic model of CHW in rural Guatemala, creating conflict between established CHWs and SIAS guardianes de salud.
Effect of ethanol on extracellular dopamine in nucleus accumbens : comparison between Lewis and Fischer 344 rat strains

The purpose of this study was to examine the differential effects of intraperitoneal ethanol on the mesoaccumbens dopamine (DA) system in Fischer 344 and Lewis rat strains, utilizing microdialysis in awake animals. At the lowest dose tested (0.5 g/kg), there were no changes in extracellular DA in the nucleus accumbens in either strain. There was a differential response to the intermediate dose of 1 g/kg ethanol, with an 84% increase in extracellular DA in the Fischer, but no change in Lewis rats. The highest dose administered (2 g/kg) did not induce significant increases in DA in either strain. These data demonstrate that the mesoaccumbens DA systems of Fischer and Lewis rat strains differ in their susceptibility to activation by ethanol, and suggest that the higher alcohol preference of Lewis rats is not associated with an enhanced DAergic response to acute experimental administration of ethanol.