cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investment and Stock Returns: Role of Financial Constraints

Existing studies have identified two opposite investment-returns relations: a negative relation between capital investment and expected stock returns, but a positive relation between R&D investment and expected stock returns. However, explanations of these patterns usually are distinct from each other. This paper provides a new unified explanation of both relations through the channel of financial constraints. I find that both R&D-returns and capital investment-returns relations mainly exist in financially constrained segment and are insignificant in unconstrained firms. The strength of these relations increases with financial constraints status. In the constrained segment, the excess returns of the investment spread portfolios cannot be explained by either characteristic-based benchmark portfolios or existing risk factor models. Furthermore, high capital investment portfolio is less constrained, while high R&D portfolio is more constrained. These results suggest that financial constraints can help reconcile these two opposite investment-returns relations.
Ludwig Ferdinand Clauss and Racialization

Ludwig Ferdinand Clauss (1892–1974) was a student of Husserl and during the 1920s he wrote three books which sought to show that Husserlian phenomenology had made possible for the first time a rigorous concept of race. He subsequently became one of the foremost racial theorists in Nazi Germany. This essay explores what is problematic in Clauss’s approach, but the main emphasis is on what we learn from Clauss about the project of a phenomenology of the racialization process itself: what do we see when we see race?
What is Special about Phenomenology of Religion

The question “What is special about phenomenology of religion?” may mean, depending upon where one places the emphasis, either “What is special about phenomenology of religion, compared to other ways of philosophically dealing with religion (such as rational theology)?”, or “What is special about the phenomenology of religion qua phenomenology, that is to say, as compared to, e.g., phenomenology of perception?”
The Architecture of ArcIMS, a Distributed Internet Map Server

ESRI® ArcIMS® is an Internet Map Server software that facilitates authoring of maps, designing of Web sites using them, and their publication on the Internet. Its distributed architecture offers customization of server, plugability of components, scalability, load balancing, and fail over/recovery and facilitates 24×7 operations. This paper describes the architecture of ArcIMS 3, its components, and some of the live Web sites that use it. The paper also discusses some considerations for the next version of ArcIMS.
Al-26 survey of Antarctic meteorites

An Al-26 survey by nondestructive gamma ray spectrometry was conducted as part of the preliminary examination effort for Antarctic meteorites. A total of 220 samples were studied. The majority of the samples were from the Allan Hills area; however, samples from several other sites, including the Yamato Mountains, were studied. Compared to worldwide falls and finds, the Antarctic group shows a clear trend toward lower Al-26 levels. At least 10 percent of the samples studied were clearly undersaturated in Al-26. The frequency of undersaturated samples suggests that terrestrial ages of several hundred thousand years are common among the Antarctic meteorite collection. The absence of samples with extremely low Al-26 implies that the upper limit for terrestrial ages in the Antarctic is on the order of 1 million years.
Upper critical field (Hc2) scaling near a quantum critical point in the heavy-fermion compound CeRhIn5

Abstract We have measured the specific heat of CeRhIn 5 at extreme conditions of low temperatures ( T ) , high pressures ( P ) , and high magnetic fields ( H ⊥ c - axis ) . Discrete forms of the upper critical field H c 2 scaling are observed below and above the critical pressure P c 1 ( = 1.75 ) GPa . For P 1.75 GPa , where unconventional superconductivity and magnetism coexist, H c 2 linearly increases with decreasing temperature. For P > 2.35 GPa, where only unconventional superconductivity is observed up to the normal state, H c 2 shows normal behavior, saturating at low temperatures. In the intermediate pressure, 1.75 GPa P 2.35 GPa , where applied magnetic field induces magnetism in the mixed superconducting state, H c 2 shows a crossover from normal temperature dependence to the unusual linear T dependence. These observations delineate the interplay between superconductivity and antiferromagnetic fluctuations that exist in the vicinity of the quantum critical point.
Morbidly obese paediatric patients are not adequately screened for comorbidities.

Summary Although childhood obesity is common, many paediatric practitioners are not familiar with screening for its associated, serious comorbidities. We aimed to determine the adequacy of screening for nine well-recognized comorbidities in outpatients with severe morbid obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥50 kg m−2) seen in a large tertiary paediatric hospital. Patients with a BMI of ≥50 kg m−2 seen at Texas Children's Hospital during calendar year 2009 were identified. Their medical records were reviewed for any documentation where hypertension, cardiac dysfunction, sleep apnoea, hepatosteatosis, diabetes, pseudotumour cerebri, dyslipidemia, orthopaedic issues and depression were noted and/or addressed as evidence of clinician awareness of these problems. We identified 123 patients seen at least once in 2009, with an average of 3.4 physician visits per patient and by an average of 2 different specialists. Hypertension screening was the most documented (91% of patients) and depression screening was the least documented (41%) in this patient cohort. Twelve patients (10%) had documented screening for all nine comorbidities. Overall, 55 patients (45%) had five or fewer of the nine comorbidities noted and/or addressed in the medical record. Adequate screening for comorbidities occurs in approximately half of children with severe morbid obesity, which means that many of these comorbidities are not being identified or treated. Educational programmes and new methodologies are needed to ensure comprehensive care of children with morbid obesity.
Rapid detection of herpes simplex virus with fluorescein-labeled Helix pomatia lectin.

The use of fluorescein-conjugated Helix pomatia lectin was shown to be as effective as fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibody reagents for the detection and differentiation of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) in MRC-5 cell culture. Cells infected with HSV-1 generally displayed a pattern of nongranular or diffuse fluorescence, while cells infected with HSV-2 were identified by the production of fluorescent grains and flecks. This unique nonimmunological reagent, when used in combination with low-speed centrifugation, provides a remarkably specific, sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective means to detect HSV-infected MRC-5 or BHK-21 cells as early as 20 h postinoculation. In contrast to the immunofluorescence method, the serotypes of HSV can be differentiated with only one fluorescein-H. pomatia reagent in MRC-5 cell cultures. Images
Righteous Anger at the Wicked States: The Meaning of the Founders' Constitution

Introduction Part I. The Necessity of the Constitution: 1. The rise of the righteous anger 2. Madison's vision: requisitions and rights 3. The superiority of the extended republic 4. Shifting the foundations of government from the states to the people 5. Partial losses 6. Anti-federalism 7. False issues Part II. Less Convincing Factors: 8. The modesty of the original commerce clause 9. Creditors, territories, and shaysites 10. Hamilton's constitution 11. The turning of Madison Concluding summary Acknowledgments.
Application of the fluctuation model for electron scattering in liquid alloys to hall coefficients for Hg−Tl and Hg−In systems

The Hall coefficients of liquid Hg−Tl alloys were measured at 20°C using a double ac method. Samples were subjected to an ac current of 77Hz and an ac magnetic field of 60 Hz, and the resulting Hall voltages were measured at the difference frequency of 17 Hz using a phasesensitive detection system. The results for alloys of compositions up to 38.9 at. pct Tl are accurate to ±4 pct. The measured Hall coefficients are significantly lower than the free electron tron values and agree with earlier measurements of Andreev and Regel. Using data for Hg-Tl and Hg-In alloys, the validity of a fluctuation scattering model was investigated. Calculated Hall coefficients agree well with measured values obtained here for the Hg-Tl system, but are lower than reported experimental values for the Hg-In system. Both systems are anomalous with respect to a previously observed correlation between electron concentration and excess free energy of formation of the alloys.
APPLIED QUANTUM GRAVITY: APPLICATIONS OF THE SEMICLASSICAL THEORY*

For many purposes it is sufficient to treat the Einstein gravitational field classically, while quantizing the other particle fields. One can generally handle the infinities arising from the curvature of spacetime in such a theory, and come out with definite results. Such results have a fairly wide range of applicability, including the strong gravitational fields that exist near black holes and in the very early universe.
Instrumentation for Fluorescence Spectroscopy

The successful application of fluorescence methods requires an understanding of the instrumentation. Considerable attention to the experimental details is necessary. There are two reasons for this. First, fluorescence is a highly sensitive method. The gain or amplification of the instruments can invariably be increased to obtain observable signals. However, these signals may not originate with the fluorophore of interest. Instead, one may observe interference due to background fluorescence from the solvents, light leaks in the instrumentation, stray light scattered by turbid solutions, Rayleigh and/or Raman scatter, to name a few. Secondly, there is no ideal spectrofluorometer and these instruments do not yield true excitation or emission spectra. This is because of the nonuniform spectral output of the light sources and the wavelength-dependent efficiency of the monochromators and of the photomultiplier tubes. The polarization or anisotropy of the emitted light can also affect the measurement of fluorescence intensities. To obtain reliable spectral data one needs to be aware of and control these numerous factors. In this chapter we will discuss the properties of the individual components in a spectrofluorometer and those properties of samples which affect the measured parameters. In our discussion of these instrumental factors we will stress the acquisition of excitation and emission spectra. However, similar concerns are important in the measurement of fluorescence lifetimes and anisotropics, which will be described in Chapters 3 and 5.
Testosterone aromatization in high and low mating lines of gallinaceous birds

Abstract Capons from high (HML) and low (LML) mating lines of Japanese quail and chickens received testosterone propionate, 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) or estradiol benzoate injections after which copulatory behavior was observed during exposure to live females and to a female model. With live females, the testosterone-treated HML capons mated significantly more than the other HML groups. All LML capons mated infrequently and at comparable levels. When tested with the model, estrogen-treated LML capons mated significantly more frequently than testosterone-treated LML capons, suggesting testosterone aromatization rate was affecting mating activity. This possibility was tested with HLM and LML intact cocks and capons receiving silastic implants of either testosterone, 5α-DHT or a combination of estradiol and 5α-DHT (E+DHT). Mating activity of intact HML cocks, T-treated, and E+DHT-treated HML capons were similar, and all groups mated significantly more than the control or 5α-DHT-treated capons. There were no significant differences between any of the LML groups. The data suggested that limited testosterone aromatization was not the cause of relatively reduced sexual activity in the LML males.
Configurable baseband designs and implementations of WiMAX/LTE dual systems based on multi-core DSP

This paper deals with configurable baseband designs for IEEE 802.16m and TD-LTE systems. Thanks to the similar frame structures and signal flows between these two standards, the configurable designs and implementations of WiMAX/LTE dual system are feasible. By comparing the signal processing flows in both systems, a generic architecture, which can be configured as either a base station or a mobile station, is proposed. A realization using Texas Instruments (TI) multi-core DSP, Xilinx FPGA, ADC, DAC and RF transceivers is accomplished and a real-time video demo is delivered.
Introduction of the American Pediatric Society's 2008 John Howland award recipient, Richard B. Johnston Jr, M.D.

Introduction of the American Pediatric Society's 2008 John Howland Award Recipient, Richard B. Johnston Jr, M.D.
The Theory of the Decomposition of Azomethane.

In this paper we intend to use the considerations of a previous article [2] in a study of the decomposition of azomethane, a homogeneous gas-phase reaction which is unimolecular at high pressures. Equations referred to are in that article and the nomenclature is the same as used there.
Abstract 1312: Buformin, an anti-diabetic biguanide, inhibits proliferation, invasion and adhesion, and acts synergistically with paclitaxel in endometrial cancer cell lines

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Objectives: Epidemiologic and pre-clinical studies suggest that anti-diabetic biguanide drugs, such as metformin and buformin, may have anti-tumorigenic effects and behave as chemosensitizers. Thus, we evaluated the effects of buformin alone and in combination with paclitaxel on proliferation in human endometrial cancer (EC) cell lines as well as the impact of buformin on apoptosis and adhesion/invasion. Methods: The ECC-1 and Ishikawa EC cell lines were treated with varying doses of buformin alone and in combination with paclitaxel. Cell growth was determined by MTT assay. Cell cycle progression was assessed by Cellometer. Apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin V-FITC assay. Invasion was demonstrated by transwell invasion assay. Adhesion was assessed by ELISA. Effects on AMPK and S6 expression were documented by Western blotting. Results: Buformin inhibited proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in the EC cell lines (IC50 1000 μM for ECC-1, 10μM for Ishikawa, p=0.00001-0.0010). Treatment with buformin resulted in G1 arrest in the ECC-1 cell line and G2 arrest in the Ishikawa cell line. Buformin induced apoptosis in the Ishikawa cell line, but not in the ECC-1 cell line. Treatment with buformin resulted in inhibition of adhesion (p=0.42-0.0009) and invasion (p=0.00001-0.227) in both EC cell lines. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that buformin increased phosphorylation of AMPK and decreased phosphorylation of S6. Paclitaxel inhibited proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in both cell lines with IC50 values of 0.1-0.5 nM and 1-5 nM for Ishikawa and ECC-1 cells, respectively. To assess synergy of paclitaxel and buformin, the combination index (CI) was calculated by the method of Chou and Talalay. Simultaneous exposure of cells to various doses of paclitaxel in combination with buformin (0.1-1 μM) resulted in a significant synergistic anti-proliferative effect (CI <1, range 0.009-0.85). Conclusions: Buformin inhibited proliferation in EC cell lines, via AMPK activation and mTOR pathway inhibition. Inhibition of adhesion/invasion was also seen with buformin. Buformin acted synergistically with paclitaxel to inhibit cell proliferation. More work is needed to determine if buformin and other biguanides alone or in combination with cytotoxic agents will be beneficial in the treatment of women with EC. Citation Format: Joshua Kilgore, Amanda Jackson, Haifeng Qiu, Chunxiao Zhou, Paola Gehrig, Victoria Bae-Jump. Buformin, an anti-diabetic biguanide, inhibits proliferation, invasion and adhesion, and acts synergistically with paclitaxel in endometrial cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1312. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1312
Synthetic approaches to brevianamides A and B I. Preparation of 4-p-methoxybenzyl-5-(1′-carbomethoxy-2′-[1″, 1″-dimethylallyl-2′, 3′dihydroindole]methylidene)-1, 2-L-pyrolidinopiperazine-3, 6-dione via an Ireland ester enolate claisen rearrangement.

Abstract Using an ester enolate Claisen rearrangement to prepare 1-carbomethoxy-2-(1′, 1′-dimethylallyl)-2, 3-dihydroindole-2-carboxylic acid followed by condensation with N-p-methoxybenzyl-glycyl-L-proline anhydride gave the title compound, a key intermediate in a synthetic approach to brevianamides A and B.
Angiotensin II Induces Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Replication Independent of Blood Pressure

Abstract —The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the role of blood pressure in the proliferative response of vascular smooth muscle cells to systemic infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II). Our laboratory has previously shown that infusion of Ang II induces smooth muscle cell proliferation in rat mesenteric vessels and carotid arteries. Ang II, a strong vasopressor, raised systolic blood pressure in rats from 120 to 200 mm Hg at a dose of 435 ng · kg −1 · min −1 after 1 week of treatment. The question arises as to whether this development of hypertension is a primary contributor to the replicative activities observed in the arterial wall of the mesenteric arteries or the carotid arteries or whether Ang II alone, without an increase in blood pressure, is sufficient to stimulate proliferation in these vessels. In the previous studies, we found that Ang II stimulated smooth muscle cell replication in the carotid artery and in type III and type I mesenteric microvessels. This study demonstrates that although administration of hydralazine normalizes the animals’ blood pressures, it does not suppress the mitogenic effect of Ang II. Thus, it appears that Ang II has a direct effect on cell proliferation.
The Interfluence of Neuroscience, Neuroethics, and Legal and Social Issues: The Need for (N)ELSI

Until recently, progress in neuroscience has occurred in relatively silent, yet steady, and robustly incremental steps. But, as Eran Klein (2010) has recognized, the past 10 years have borne witnes...
Storage protein accumulation patterns in somatic embryos of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

The storage protein content of somatic embryos of Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Coker 201 was determined using extinction level, antigen/antibody association detection methods. Mature storage protein was first detected in early globular-stage somatic embryos at a total concentration of 0.36% of the embryo protein mass. Tulip-stage and mature somatic embryos were comprised of 3.0% and 1.3% mature storage protein, respectively. Maximum storage protein synthesis was found to occur during early globular- and early heart-stages. During this period of development, significant levels of protein precursors were found also to accumulate. The pattern of storage protein synthesis, processing and accumulation paralleled the pattern that has been reported for the zygotic system, although somatic embryos accumulate storage protein at much earlier stages and to a lesser degree. The possibility of using complex biochemical pathways to monitor embryogenic systems in vitro is discussed.
Structure of a lipid droplet protein; the PAT family member TIP47.

Abstract The p erilipin/ A DRP/ T IP47 (PAT) proteins localize to the surface of intracellular neutral lipid droplets. Perilipin is essential for lipid storage and hormone regulated lipolysis in adipocytes, and perilipin null mice exhibit a dramatic reduction in adipocyte lipid stores. A significant fraction of the ∼200 amino acid N-terminal region of the PAT proteins consists of 11-mer helical repeats that are also found in apolipoproteins and other lipid-associated proteins. The C-terminal 60% of TIP47, a representative PAT protein, comprises a monomeric and independently folded unit. The crystal structure of the C-terminal portion of TIP47 was determined and refined at 2.8 A resolution. The structure consists of an α/β domain of novel topology and a four-helix bundle resembling the LDL receptor binding domain of apolipoprotein E. The structure suggests an analogy between PAT proteins and apolipoproteins in which helical repeats interact with lipid while the ordered C-terminal region is involved in protein:protein interactions.
The effect of progestin and GnRH treatments on ovarian function and reproductive hormone secretions of anestrous postpartum suckled beef cows.

Eighteen anestrous crossbred suckled beef cows were assigned to one of three treatment groups. Treatments were as follows: Group 1 cows (n = 3) were untreated and served as controls, Groups 2 cows (n = 6) were intramuscularly administered 250 mug GnRH, and Group 3 cows (n = 9) were subcutaneously administered a progestin ear implant for eight days prior to the administration of 250 mug GnRH. The GnRH was given to cows in Group 3 24 h after the time of progestin implant removal. Cows were 21 to 31 days postpartum at the time of GnRH treatment. The percent of cows that ovulated after the time of GnRH treatment was 0%, 83% and 100% for Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. For the cows that ovulated, more (P 0.10) different among groups, mean concentrations were higher and more variable for cows in Groups 1 (39.2 +/- 5.2 pg/ml) and 2 (39.4 + 6.1 pg/ml) than for cows in Group 3 (25.1 + 1.4 pg/ml).
Decompression of the Heart with Siphon Drainage

A simple technique for inducing intracavitary hypothermic cardioplegia and decompressing the left heart through the ascending aorta is presented. The technique is based on siphon drainage, which eliminates the dangers of air embolism.
Volatility and market structure

Abstract This study examines volatility within three related intra-day series – transaction returns, quote midpoint returns, and limit order book midpoint returns – for a set of NYSE-listed stocks. We document statistically significant GARCH effects both overall and surrounding earnings announcements in all three series for the majority of stocks in the sample. We then compare the extent of volatility clustering among the series. In addition, the relation between volatility and market structure is examined via a set of cross-sectional regressions, and relations among the series over time are studied in a vector autoregressive framework.
Green's functions from real-time bold-line Monte Carlo

We present two methods for computing two-time correlation functions or Green's functions from real-time bold-line continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo. One method is a formally exact generalized auxiliary lead formalism by which spectral properties may be obtained from single-time observables. The other involves the evaluation of diagrams contributing to two-time observables directly on the Keldysh contour. Additionally, we provide a detailed description of the bold-line Monte Carlo method. Our methods are general and numerically exact, and able to reliably resolve high-energy features such as band edges. We compare the spectral functions obtained from real-time methods to analytically continued spectral functions obtained from imaginary-time Monte Carlo, thus probing the limits of analytic continuation.
An efficient procedure for obtaining feasible solutions to the n-city traveling salesman problem

Simple procedures for the traveling salesman problem are presented. The procedures are developed from a new solution generation scheme, which successively exchanges the rows and columns of the matrix of distances. At each stage of the computation, the cost and the tour are uniquely determined.
Eye movements of monkeys during learning of color and form discrimination problems involving reversal and nonreversal shifts

Eye movements of monkeys were measured during performance on a series of two-choice color and form discriminations which involved reversal and nonreversal shifts. Neither the amount of visual scanning nor the duration of individual fixations was related to the relevant dimension or to the type of shift. However, amount of scanning increased over the series of problems and was linearly related to the time to respond. The last fixation of a trial tended to be on the positive stimulus and a fixation near the end of a trial tended to be longer than one near the beginning.
Heat Transfer Augmentation Downstream of Rows of Various Dimple Geometries on the Suction Side of a Gas Turbine Airfoil

Heat transfer coefficients were measured downstream of a row of shaped film cooling holes as well as elliptical, diffuser, and teardrop shaped dimples simulating depressions due to film coolant holes of different shapes. These features were placed on the suction side of a simulated gas turbine vane. The dimples were used as approximations to film cooling holes after the heat transfer levels downstream of active fan shaped film cooling holes was found to be independent of film cooling. The effects of the dimples were tested with varying approach boundary layers, freestream turbulence intensity, and Reynolds numbers. For the case of an untripped (transitional) approach boundary layer, all dimple shapes caused approximately a factor of two increase in heat transfer coefficient relative to the smooth baseline condition due to the dimples effectively causing boundary layer transition downstream. The exact augmentation varied depending on the dimple geometry: diffuser shapes causing the largest augmentation and teardrop shapes causing the lowest augmentation. For tripped (turbulent boundary layer) approach conditions, the dimple shapes all caused the same 20% augmentation relative to the smooth tripped baseline. The already turbulent nature of the tripped approach flow reduces the effect that the dimples have on the downstream heat transfer coefficient.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Enzymatic assays for 2, 4-diamino-5-methyl-6-[(3, 4, 5-trimethoxyanilino)methyl]quinazoline, a promising new “nonclassical” antifolate

Abstract 2, 4-Diamino-5-methyl-6-[(3, 4, 5-trimethoxyanilino)-methyl]quinazoline (I) is a promising new “nonclassical” antifolate. Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase from bacterial ( Lactobacillus casei ) and mammalian (beef liver) sources was employed to develop useful enzymatic assays for this compound. A linear relationship was obtained by plotting the I concentration versus 1/V. The resultant standard curves maintained linearity particularly well between the 30 and 70% control range, with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 for both enzyme systems. The two enzyme systems are characterized by differences in sensitivity, stability, and day-to-day variation. The ID 50 for the beef liver reductase system was 1.6 × 10 −9 M (±0.3); for the L. casei system, it was 1.35 × 10 −8 M (±0.2). The apparent advantage for the beef liver enzyme was offset somewhat by its relative instability and its higher day-to-day variability. Studies in mice demonstrated that these assays are suitable for pharmacokinetic studies in vivo. Such studies indicated that I has a serum t 1/2 of 45 min in mice; a similar serum t 1/2 (50 min) was estimated in studies with 14 C-labeled I in position 6.
The Development of Loss of Flow Analysis Method for OPR1000 Using RETRAN

A new loss of flow transient analysis method for OPR1000 (Optimized Power Reactor 1000, previously called KSNP: Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plant) based on RETRAN code were developed. The reference plant for the analysis is Ulchin Unit 3 and the transient analyzed is 4 pump coastdown. The current analysis for loss of RCS flow transient of OPR1000 uses COAST and CESEC codes. The new method uses RETRAN code to replace COAST and CESEC codes. Since the ability of RETRAN to replace CESEC has been studied in other non-LOCA transients, this paper will focus on COAST code and RCP coastdown flow rates. The results from simplified RETRAN nodalization corresponding to COAST show good agreement with RCS flow results from COAST code. The results are also compared with RETRAN basedeck for safety analysis which is more complex and show similar trends. Therefore, previous analysis method for loss of flow of OPR1000 using COAST code can be replaced with the new analysis method based on RETRAN.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Experimental verification of NOVICE transport code predictions of electron distributions from targets

Abstract This paper reports the results of experiments that were designed to check the validity of the NOVICE Adjoint Monte Carlo Transport code in predicting emission-electron distributions from irradiated targets. Previous work demonstrated that the code accurately calculated total electron yields from irradiated targets. In this investigation, a gold target was irradiated by X-rays with effective quantum energies of 79, 127, 174, 216, and 250 keV. Spectra of electrons from the target were measured for an incident photon angle of 45°, an emission-electron polar angle of 45°, azimuthal angles of 0° and 180°, and in both the forward and backward directions. NOVICE was used to predict those electron-energy-distributions for the same set of experimental conditions. The agreement in shape of the theoretical and experimental distributions was good, whereas the absolute agreement in amplitude was within about a factor of 2 over most of the energy range of the spectra. Previous experimental and theoretical comparisons together with these results show that the code can be used to simulate the generation physics of those distributions.
Effect of viscosity on stationary phase stability in capillary column gas chromatography

With recent advances in column technology it is now possible to prepare highly efficient, very inert, and thermally stable capillary columns coated with nonpolar polysiloxane stationary phases. Unfortunately, the same degree of success has not been achieved for some of the more polar polysiloxane phases. A parameter that has been studied little in the past in relation to stationary phase film stability is the viscosity of the stationary phase. In this paper the efficiency and stability of coated columns are correlated to the viscosity of the phase. Due to their structure, the viscosity of the phenyl-containing polysiloxanes change rapidly with temperature and hence, thin-film coatings are not stable at elevated temperatures. By using high viscosity phenyl-containing methylphenylpolysiloxanes which were recently synthesized, efficient and stable columns have been prepared.
Supporting P2P gaming when players have heterogeneous resources

We present Ghost, a peer-to-peer game architecture that manages game consistency across a set of players with heterogeneous network resources. Ghost dynamically creates responsive sub-games based on the delay profiles of players. Ghost allows each user to set the quality of game they are willing to play and creates the maximum-sized game that satisfies the users' requirements. Ghost extends our earlier Asynchronous Synchronization (AS) protocol, which provides cheat-free playout for peer-to-peer games. This modification to AS enables p2p games to efficiently function in network environments that would typically be hostile to multiplayer networked games. These include networks with highly variable delays and variable route partitions. Our evaluation shows that Ghost performs well, always ensuring consistent p2p play with the maximum number of players, while preventing any one player from destroying the quality of play for others.
Machado-Joseph disease in a Sicilian-American family.

(1986). Machado-Joseph Disease in a Sicilian-American Family. Journal of Neurogenetics: Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 177-182.
Prophylactic treatment with activated prothrombin complex concentrate (FEIBA) reduces the frequency of bleeding episodes in paediatric patients with haemophilia A and inhibitors.

Summary. Orthopaedic complications are among the most disabling sequelae occurring in patients with haemophilia and inhibitors. Recurrent or refractory joint bleeds can lead to joint damage, limiting mobility and causing permanent disability. Activated prothrombin complex concentrates (aPCCs) are effective in controlling acute, intraoperative and postoperative bleeding in patients with haemophilia and inhibitors. The relatively long, dosing interval and safety profile distinguish aPCCs as a well-suited option for prophylaxis. Therefore, it is postulated that long-term routine aPCC administration will decrease the frequency of recurrent bleeds, prevent damage to normal joints, and slow the progression of existing joint disease in patients with inhibitors. To test this hypothesis, a retrospective chart audit was performed. In four treatment centres, five patients were identified who received aPCC [Factor Eight Inhibitor Bypassing Activity, Anti-Inhibitor Coagulant Complex (FEIBA®); Baxter AG, Vienna, Austria] prophylactically for ≥6 months to prevent or reduce further joint deterioration, reduce bleeding and prevent postsurgical bleeding. Median treatment duration was 15 months and included administration of >1300 doses of aPCC. Dosages ranged from 50 to 75 U kg−1 three times per week in four patients; one patient received 100 U kg−1 daily. Orthopaedic status was maintained in four patients and improved in one; the frequency of bleeding episodes was reduced in all patients. No adverse events or thrombotic complications were reported. This case series demonstrates that routine aPCC administration may be used safely and effectively to reduce the occurrence of bleeding episodes and to maintain or improve clinical joint status in some patients.
LV. On the change of the colours of cloudy condensation with the number of available nuclei, and on the effect of an electric field

(1901). LV. On the change of the colours of cloudy condensation with the number of available nuclei, and on the effect of an electric field. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 572-578.
Selection and Evaluation of Networked Information Resources

ABSTRACT Public libraries need comprehensive, standardized evaluation strategies for the selection of electronic resources. This paper looks at networked information resources and discusses how to choose appropriate methods for selection. The role of traditional collection development criteria is expanded to include considerations that may be unique to electronic resources. In addition to the selection process, the measurement of how well a collection meets the information needs of users must be addressed. The second part of the paper discusses the different tools available to evaluate the use and effectiveness of a collection of networked electronic resources.
Attentive multidirectional associative memory with application to pattern association

An attentive multidirectional hetero-associative memory network (AMAM) is proposed. The convergence and encoding strategies of AMAM are described. This network enables multiple associations, but with certain associations embedding more attention. This model is inspired by speculation about how associative learning and storage might occur in the nervous system. AMAM has much better error correcting capability and memory capacity than the multidirectional associative memory. Examples are illustrated to show the advantages of this model. In addition, we demonstrate and compare its recall ability for pattern recognition.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
High-mass-measurement accuracy and 100% sequence coverage of enzymatically digested bovine serum albumin from an ESI-FTICR mass spectrum.

The application of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry to the analysis of polypeptide mixtures resulting from proteolytic digestion is described. A new 11.5-T FTICR mass spectrometer has been applied for the analysis of tryptic digestion mixtures of the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA). The improved cyclotron frequency stability and reduced frequency shifts observed over a wide range of trapped ion population sizes provide the ability to signal average spectra without degrading mass measurement accuracy, requiring internal calibration or advanced data processing schemes to compensate for variations in ion cyclotron signals brought about by different population sizes. A total of 100 spectra were signal-averaged leading to the observation of a total of 123 isotope distributions with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 3:1. From those distributions, 86 can be ascribed to tryptic fragments of BSA on the basis of mass measurement errors of 10 ppm or less. Of these, 71 were wi...
Bibliography Of The Application Of Infrared Thermography To Welding

Infrared Signature Analysis: Real Time Inspection of Manufacturing Processes© (1988) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Characterization of Electrical and Mechanical Properties for Coaxial Nanofibers with Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) Core and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/PEO Sheath

The present work focuses on the electrical and mechanical characterization of nanocomposite fibers having core−sheath (or bicomponent) morphologies. Owing to their unique mechanical and electrical properties, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been utilized in the nanocomposite construction. Submicron diameter nanofibers (200–300 nm) with core−sheath morphology were fabricated from a polymer/MWNT solution and collected in random mats. By constraining the MWNTs to the sheath, significant increases in the mechanical properties were observed at lower MWNT concentrations when compared to mats made from single-layer fibers. The electrical properties of the core−sheath mats showed similar gains, having a critical weight percent more than 10 times lower than that of the single-layer mats.
Measurement of DNA breakage in specific germ-cell stages of male mice exposed to acrylamide, using an alkaline-elution procedure

DNA breakage in spermiogenic stages of the mouse was studied after exposure to acrylamide (AA), using an alkaline-elution technique. At daily intervals over a 3-week period following i.p. injection of 100 mg AA/kg, mature spermatozoa were recovered from treated ([3H]dThd-labeled) and control ([14C]dThd-labeled) animals, and were lysed together on polycarbonate filters; the DNA was eluted with a high-pH (12.0) buffer. Elution of germ-cell DNA from AA-exposed animals increased (more DNA-strand breaks) in stages sensitive to the dominant-lethal effects of AA (late spermatids to early spermatozoa) (Shelby et al., 1986). The stage-related pattern of AA-induced DNA breakage also paralleled the pattern of sperm alkylation and protamine alkylation found to be produced by AA (Sega et al., 1989). While dominant-lethal damage from AA exposure is greatest in the spermatids and early spermatozoa, no such damage was observed in pachytene spermatocytes and early spermatids (Shelby et al., 1986). Therefore, AA-induced DNA breakage was also studied directly in pachytene spermatocytes and in early spermatids at short intervals (up to 4 days) after exposure. DNA breakage was clearly detected in these cell stages, with maximum breakage occurring at 1 day after treatment. At later times, the breakage gradually decreased, presumably as a result of DNA repair. By the time these cell stages gave rise to functional spermatozoa, DNA breaks that could have produced dominant-lethal events had apparently been reduced to a level where no genetic effect could be observed.
The quality of control groups in nonrandomized studies published in the Journal of Hand Surgery.

Purpose To evaluate control group selection in nonrandomized studies published in the Journal of Hand Surgery American (JHS). Methods We reviewed all papers published in JHS in 2013 to identify studies that used nonrandomized control groups. Data collected included type of study design and control group characteristics. We then appraised studies to determine whether authors discussed confounding and selection bias and how they controlled for confounding. Results Thirty-seven nonrandomized studies were published in JHS in 2013. The source of control was either the same institution as the study group, a different institution, a database, or not provided in the manuscript. Twenty-nine (78%) studies statistically compared key characteristics between control and study group. Confounding was controlled with matching, exclusion criteria, or regression analysis. Twenty-two (59%) papers explicitly discussed the threat of confounding and 18 (49%) identified sources of selection bias. Conclusions In our review of nonrandomized studies published in JHS, papers had well-defined controls that were similar to the study group, allowing for reasonable comparisons. However, we identified substantial confounding and bias that were not addressed as explicit limitations, which might lead the reader to overestimate the scientific validity of the data. Clinical relevance Incorporating a brief discussion of control group selection in scientific manuscripts should help readers interpret the study more appropriately. Authors, reviewers, and editors should strive to address this component of clinical importance.
Genetic evidence of a role for ATM in functional interaction between human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax and p53

Recent evidence from several investigators suggest that the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax oncoprotein represses the transcriptional activity of the tumor suppressor protein, p53. An examination of published findings reveals serious controversy as to the mechanism(s) utilized by Tax to inhibit p53 activity and whether the same mechanism is used by Tax in adherent and suspension cells. Here, we have investigated Tax-p53 interaction simultaneously in adherent epithelial (HeLa and Saos) and suspension T-lymphocyte (Jurkat) cells. Our results indicate that Tax activity through the CREB/CREB-binding protein (CBP), but not NF-kappaB, pathway is needed to repress the transcriptional activity of p53 in all tested cell lines. However, we did find that while CBP binding by Tax is necessary, it is not sufficient for inhibiting p53 function. Based on knockout cell studies, we correlated a strong genetic requirement for the ATM, but not protein kinase-dependent DNA, protein in conferring a Tax-p53-repressive phenotype.
Effects of drug countermeasures for space motion sickness on working memory in humans

Space motion sickness (SMS) is a problem during the first 72 h of space flight and during transitions from different gravity environments. There currently are no effective drug countermeasures for SMS that also accommodate the retention of optimal cognitive function. This creates a dilemma for astronauts because cognitive skills are particularly important during gravity transitions (e.g., take-off and landing). To quantify the cognitive side effects of potential drug countermeasures, an automated delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS) procedure was used to assess visual working memory before and after drug countermeasures (meclizine 25 mg, scopolamine 0.4 mg, promethazine 25 mg, or lorazepam 1 mg, given orally approximately 45 min prior to testing) and/or the induction of SMS by vestibular stimulation in a rotary chair (spinning). Sixty-seven normal healthy volunteers (mean age, in years, 26.6+/-4.8 S.D.; 24 females and 43 males) each participated in two test sessions, one 'off' drug and one 'on' drug. Spinning by itself significantly decreased task accuracy (Acc) and choice response speed, especially at longer recall delays. Meclizine alone had no effect on Acc or speed with or without spinning. Scopolamine alone decreased Acc, and with spinning, slowed speed. Promethazine alone had no adverse effect, but combined with spinning, decreased Acc and speed. Lorazepam alone decreased speed, and with spinning, decreased Acc. The data suggest that, at clinically useful doses, the rank order of the drugs with the best cognitive profiles is meclizine>scopolamine>promethazine>lorazepam.
Southern Applachian Russulas. III. The identity of Russula eccentrica and R. Morgani (Russulaceae)

A revised description and illustration ofRussula eccentrica are provided along with notes on habitat, geographic distribution, and infrageneric classification. The possibility thatR. eccentrica was previously described asR. morgani is discussed.
Causal Relationship Between Domestic Savings and Economic Growth: Evidence From Seven African Countries

This paper utilizes cointegration and the vector error-correction model (VECM) to explore the causal relationship between economic growth and growth rate of domestic savings for Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, South Africa, and Zambia. Specifically, three analyses were undertaken. First, the time series properties of economic growth and domestic savings were ascertained with the help of the augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root procedure. Second, the long-run relationship between economic growth and growth rate of domestic savings was examined in the context of the Johansen and Juselius (1990) framework. Finally, a Granger-causality test was undertaken to determine the direction of causality between economic growth and growth rate of domestic savings. The results indicate one order of integration [I(1)] for each of the series. The results of the cointegration tests suggest that there is a long-run relationship between economic growth and growth rate of savings. The results from the Granger-causality tests indicate that contrary to the conventional wisdom, economic growth prima facie causes growth rate of domestic savings for most of the countries under consideration.
Dating remains of gray whales from the eastern North Atlantic

The gray whale now exists only in the North Pacific Ocean, but surprisingly the species was first described from subfossil remains discovered on European coasts. Radiocarbon dates for seven specimens from the eastern North Atlantic range from 8,330 ± 85 to 340 ± 260 years ago. These data together with a similar range of dates for specimens from the western North Atlantic as well as limited historical records, support the view that the gray whale existed in the Atlantic Ocean until the 17th century. The populations on both sides of the North Atlantic apparently declined during a period of active coastal whaling, supporting the suggestion that it was extirpated by early whalers.
Construction Workers, U.S.A

Construction Workers, U.S.A. Herbert Apple-baum. Westport,CT: Greenwood Press, 1999. ix. 212 pp., photographs, appendix, bibliog-graphy, index.
Limited perceptual range and anemotaxis in marsh rice rats Oryzomys palustris

Dispersal among suitable habitat patches could be crucial to the regional persistence of wetland species. Dispersal success of animals will depend, in part, on the distance from which they can detect suitable habitat (ie, perceptual range). We investigated the perceptual range of marsh rice rats Oryzomys palustris Harlan, 1837 during the wet season in a region of central Florida characterized by small, isolated depression marshes. O. palustris had a limited perceptual range (<10 m) indicating that individuals moving through unfamiliar habitat have restricted information from which to make movement decisions. O. palustris displayed anemotaxis during our experiment; individuals generally moved either upwind or downwind but rarely crosswind. This anemotaxis might reflect use of wind by rice rats to maintain a straight course while searching for new habitat located beyond their perceptual range.