cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multi-Probe Micro-Assembly

This paper describes the algorithm development and experimental results of a multi-probe micro-assembly system. The experimental testbed consists of two actuated probes, an actuated die stage, and vision feedback. The kinematics relationships for the probes, die stage, and part manipulation are derived and used for calibration and kinematics-based planning and control. Particular attention has been focused on the effect of adhesion forces in probe-part and part-stage contacts in order to achieve grasp stability and robust part manipulation. By combining pre-planned manipulation sequences and vision based manipulation, repeatable spatial (in contrast to planar) manipulation and insertion of a sub-millimeter part has been demonstrated. The insertion process only requires the operator to identify two features to initialize the calibration, and the remaining tasks involving part pick-up, manipulation, and insertion are all performed autonomously.
Influenza Vaccine: A Regulatory Mandate in Rhode Island

This article describes changes made to the regulations governing immunization, testing, and health screening for health care workers in Rhode Island that mandate influenza vaccination. The mandate is different from those in many other states because it makes the health care workers themselves, not the health care facilities, responsible for obtaining the vaccination. The article also presents an overview of influenza vaccination as well as the scientific merits of vaccination, historical context for mandatory vaccination, and the implications for public health policy.
Influence of Pasture Planting Method and Forage Blend on Annual Cool-Season Pasture Forage Availability for Grazing by Growing Beef Cattle1

Abstract Two 2-yr factorial experiments were conducted to evaluate 2 pasture establishment methods and different combinations of forages for annual cool-season pastures for grazing by beef calves. The experiments were conducted in northern Florida over 4 consecutive late fall-winter-spring grazing seasons (2001 to 2005). The pasture establishment methods were prepared seedbed (PS) and sodseeding (SS). The PS pastures were planted in October of each year into clean-tilled seedbeds and the SS pastures were planted in November with a no-till seed drill into dormant bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum). Pastures planted in Exp. 1 were combinations of rye (Secale cereale) and oats (Avena sativa) or rye and oats and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), and in Exp. 2 were a combination of oats and ryegrass or ryegrass alone. The pastures (1.3 ha each; 8/yr) were grazed by growing beef cattle (average initial BW of 257 ± 41, 262 ± 32, 287 ± 50, and 250 ± 31 kg for yr 1 through 4, respectively). Forage treatment had little influence if any on animal performance or forage availability except for a tendency for a longer grazing season (P = 0.07) in Exp. 2 for the forage blend vs. ryegrass alone. Within each trial, the PS pastures resulted in greater animal grazing days per hectare (P
Counterpoint: Enough Evidence to Treat? The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Guidelines

In the US, the most common practice for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)2 screening is a 2-step process: an initial 1-h (50 g) glucose tolerance test (GTT) done at 24–28 weeks, followed by a confirmatory 3-h (100 g) GTT (fasting, 1-h, 2-h, and 3-h measurements) (1). On the assumption of a 1% rate of pre-GDM and the fact that 10% of pregnant women will be of “low risk” and thus not require screening, approximately 3.6 × 106 women undergo GDM screening per year in the US (2). A diagnosis of GDM is then made if ≥2 values on the 3-h GTT are above reference limits [Carpenter and Coustan criteria: fasting, >95 mg/dL (>5.27 mmol/L); 1 h, >180 mg/dL (>9.99 mmol/L); 2 h, >155 mg/dL (>8.60 mmol/L); 3 h, >140 mg/dL (>7.77 mmol/L)]. With the current American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) diagnostic criteria, approximately 7% of pregnant women are diagnosed with GDM (>250 000 women per year). Although there was a time when many experts questioned whether GDM was a “disease” that warranted treatment, data from 2 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that demonstrated both maternal and neonatal benefit from treatment for GDM have largely quieted this argument (3, 4). Although the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal Fetal Medicine Units Network (MFMU) mild GDM treatment trial did not report differences between groups in the primary composite outcome (stillbirth or neonatal death, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, increased cord blood C-peptide, and birth trauma) or between any of the individual outcomes in the composite, there were statistically significant differences in several secondary outcomes, such as macrosomia [number needed to treat (NNT) = 12], …
CARING IN SCHOOLS IS NOT ENOUGH: COMMUNITY, NARRATIVE, AND THE LIMITS OF ALTERTTY

“Care” theory has become a staple of educational scholarship over the last decade, growing from Carol Gilligan’s careful rethinking of Lawrence Kohlberg’s stages of moral development in In a Different Voice, and Nel Noddings’s in depth examination of what a practice of caring might entail in her Caring. Each year brings a range of new work on different aspects of “caring” and schools. Care scholars address issues ranging from moral theory and the experience of women, to the relation between caring and critical thinking, to service learning.’ In the midst of this diversity, there is no single monolithic “theory” of care. Yet, “care” can, at times, become a relatively vague place-holder for those who wish to promote a more nurturing approach to schooling. Therefore, this essay focuses in on the work of perhaps the field’s richest, and most complex thinker: Nel Noddings. In a sense, this essay attempts what Peter Elbow has called the “believing game,”2 an effort to “see” through the perspective of Noddings’s caring given the limits of my own experience as I try to map out the possibilities and limits of caring from the “inside,” as it were, focusing on the implications of Noddings’s caring as a foundation for school communities. In her writings, Noddings rejects what she calls “justice” or “principled” approaches to ethics because she argues they represent essentially masculine practices that treat human beings as classifiable and comparable objects instead of unique beings3 In caring, in contrast, we treat each situation and each cared-for as unique. Many of Noddings‘s critics have argued, however, that caring alone, without an accompanying ethic of justice to supplement it, is too weak an ethic to resist systemic oppression or to ensure a moral commitment to those who cannot be cared for directly, among other problem^.^ Although Noddings responds, in part, that
Myocardial and interstitial matrix metalloproteinase activity after acute myocardial infarction in pigs

A structural event during the evolution of a myocardial infarction (MI) is left ventricular (LV) remodeling. The mechanisms that contribute to early changes in LV myocardial remodeling in the post-MI period remain poorly understood. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to tissue remodeling in several disease states. Whether and to what degree MMP activation occurs within the myocardial interstitium after acute MI remains to be determined. Adult pigs (n = 15) were instrumented to measure regional myocardial function and interstitial MMP levels within regions served by the circumflex and left anterior descending arteries. Regional function was measured by sonomicrometry, and interstitial MMP levels were determined by selective microdialysis and zymography as well as by MMP interstitial fluorogenic activity. Measurements were performed at baseline and sequentially for up to 3 h after ligation of the obtuse marginals of the circumflex artery. Regional fractional shortening fell by over 50% in the MI region but remained unchanged in the remote region after coronary occlusion. Release of soluble MMPs, as revealed by zymographic activity of myocardial interstitial samples, increased by 2 h post-MI. The increased zymographic activity after MI was consistent with MMP-9. Myocardial interstitial MMP fluorogenic activity became detectable within the ischemic region as early as 10 min after coronary occlusion and significantly increased after 1 h post-MI. MMP fluorogenic activity remained unchanged from baseline values in the remote region. The present study demonstrated that myocardial MMP activation can occur within the MI region in the absence of reperfusion. These unique results suggest that MMP release and activation occurs within the ischemic myocardial interstitium in the early post-MI period.
TEM Characterization of Al/Al2O3 Composite Fabricated by Reactive Metal Infiltration

The microstructure of Al/{alpha}-Al{sub 2}0{sub 3} composites made by infiltrating Al into dense mullite preforms has been characterized using transmission electron microscopy. Observations revealed that the formation of the Al/Al{sub 2}0{sub 3} composites involves three stages. Initially, Al infiltrates into a dense mullite preform through grain boundary diffusion, and reacts with mullite at grain boundaries to form a partial reaction zone. Then, a complete reaction takes place in the reaction region between the partial reaction zone and the full reaction zone to convert the dense mullite preform to a composite of {alpha}-Al{sub 2}0{sub 3} (matrix) and an Al-Si phase (thin channels). Finally, the reduced Si from the reaction diffuses out of the Al/Al{sub 2}0{sub 3} composite through the metal channels, whereas Al from the molten Al pool is continuously drawn to the reaction region until the mullite preform is consumed or the sample is removed from the molten Al pool. Based on the observed microstructure, infiltration mechanisms have been discussed, and a growth model of the composites is proposed in which the process involves repeated nucleation of Al{sub 2}0{sub 3} grains and grain growth.
Comments in Opposition to the Proposed Amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure

These are Professor Moore's public comments in opposition to the recent proposed amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The proposed rules amendments are ostensibly intended to address the so-called "cost and delay" of civil litigation. Professor Moore offers four observations. First, the most objective and reliable measure of "cost" before the Committee is contained in the 2009 closed-case study by the Federal Judicial Center, which shows neither out-of-control costs nor an increase in costs over time. Second, one objective and reliable measure of "delay" is case disposition time, a statistic maintained by the Administrative Office of the Courts. The AO's statistics show that the median disposition time for a civil case (from case filing to final disposition) has maintained stability for twenty-five years, from 7 months in 1986 to a still-brisk 7.8 months in 2012, a difference of about 24 days. Third, contrary to the Committee's apparent belief, lawyers and judges are well aware of the concept of "proportionality" in discovery and apply it frequently. Fourth, the federal courts are widely perceived to favor defendants, and the adoption of these proposals will intensify that perception, because the proposals do favor defendants.
Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinarity in African Studies: Theology and the Other Sciences

In this essay, I discuss the importance of interdisciplinary approach to African theology and argue that in light of the challenges raised by the health care crisis, theologians, as well as other Africanists need to develop an interdisciplinary approach to the questions they raise and the solutions they propose to those questions.
Adjuvant Treatment and Clinical Trials in Elderly Patients With Endometrial Cancer: A Time for Change?

Objectives The aim of the study were to evaluate the gap between recommended and received adjuvant therapy in elderly patients with endometrial cancer (EC) and to determine the percent of women 70 years and older who would meet enrollment criteria for representative Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) trials. Methods and Materials An institutional review board approved retrospective chart review of all EC cases from a tertiary care institution from 2005 to 2010 was performed. Clinical, surgical, and pathologic data were abstracted from electronic medical records. Gynecologic Oncology Group protocols 249, 209, and 229L were selected as representative national EC trials. Patients were evaluated for eligibility by each protocol’s criteria. Results Twenty-six percent (280/1064) of patients with EC were older than 70 years. More than 60% (181/280) of elderly patients with EC were recommended to undergo adjuvant therapy. By therapy type, 64% (48/75) of elderly patients who were recommended adjuvant radiation received it, 53% (49/92) of elderly patients who were recommended combination chemotherapy and radiation received it, and 29% (4/14) of elderly patients who were recommended chemotherapy received it. In evaluating enrollment criteria for GOG 249, 30% (40/134) of pathologically eligible patients would have been eliminated for medical clearance; for GOG 209, 31% (26/86) would have been eliminated, and for GOG 229L, 9% (4/45) would have been eliminated purely for medical reasons. Conclusions More adjuvant treatment is recommended in the elderly patients because of a higher incidence of advanced disease and aggressive histopathology. Approximately half of the elderly patients who were recommended treatment actually received it. In addition, clinical trial data are limited for elderly patients because approximately one third of the women aged 70 years and older who meet pathologic enrollment criteria for trials were excluded because of complex medical disease.
Microsatellite Primers for Two Threatened Orchids in Florida: Encyclia tampensis and Cyrtopodium punctatum (Orchidaceae)

Premise of the study: The Million Orchid Project at Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden is an initiative to propagate native orchids for reintroduction into Miami's urban landscapes. The aim of this study was to develop microsatellites for Encyclia tampensis and Cyrtopodium punctatum (Orchidaceae). Methods and Results: Ten microsatellites were developed for each species. For E. tampensis sampled from the natural population, allele numbers ranged from one to four, with an average observed heterozygosity (Ho) of 0.314 and average expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.281. For the individuals from cultivation, allele numbers ranged from one to six, with an average Ho of 0.35 and an average He of 0.224. For C. punctatum, allele numbers ranged from one to three, with an average Ho of 0.257 and an average He of 0.272. Conclusions: These microsatellites will be used to assess the genetic diversity of natural and cultivated populations with the intention of guiding genetic breeding under the Million Orchid Project.
Recent treatment guidelines for managing adult patients with sickle cell disease: challenges in access to care, social issues, and adherence

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Advances in research, medical care, and public health practice have led to individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) living into adulthood. However, premature mortality persists in youth and young adults with SCD, and adults with SCD are subjected to increased disease burden, organ damage, pain, and disruptions in family and work life.Areas covered: These issues have led to inappropriate utilization of hospital resources, significantly increasing costs related to prolonged inpatient stays, high readmission rates, and increased emergency room visits.Expert commentary: Steps are being taken to address these challenges to improve care, including development of evidence-based guidelines targeted to primary care providers, innovative care models, and programs to prepare adolescents for transition to adult care. Previous and current guidelines, as well as health-care policies and practices, for treatment of adults with SCD are reviewed.
A doubt on the limitation by China new law of marriage on the husband side's right of lawsuit for divorce——A suggestion on eliminating the 34th term from China new law of marriage

The limitation on the husband side's right of lawsuit for divorce in wife's pregnancy, one year's term after parturition, or six months after gestation stopping is not only unhelpful to the protection of the interests of wife side, husband side, and even their children, but also violated to the systematic unity of the marriage law itself. Its practical effect too is unsatisactory in a great degree. It is the outcomes resulting from neglecting the rights of lawsuit, adhering to the traditional marry concepts, and abhorring any lawsuit of marriage in the planned system of economy. The 34the term should be eliminated from the new marriage.
Analysis on Rural Drinking Water Quality of Different Geological Environment in Jiujiang City

[Objective]To learn the water quality of rural drinking water in Jiujiang city,scientific confirm the number of population whose drinking water is unsafe,and provide the basis for implement the Outline on rechecking of demographic census of national rural drinking water safety project during 2010-2013. [Methods]The water quality of 12 counties(cities and districts) in Jiujiang city,including rural areas,was monitored.1359 water samples were collected,which all were sampled from dispersed water supply.On the basis the Drinking water sanitary standard(GB 5749-2006),the analysis and evaluation was conducted according to different geological environment. [Results]The qualified rates of rural drinking water in Jiujiang city were as follows: surface water in mountain area was 57.4%,groundwater in mountain area was 82.19%,surface water in Poyang Lake area was 50.64%,groundwater in Poyang Lake area was 78.24%,surface water in plain area was 51.18% and groundwater in plain area was 65.03%.There was significant difference in the qualified rate among different water samples(χ2=61.84,P0.01).The unqualified indexes included coliform bacteria,total bacteria,turbidity,ammonia nitrogen and manganese. [Conclusion]The rural drinking water quality in Jiujiang city is not good,the health protection is poor,and microbial contamination is the main problem.
The effect of prostacyclin infusion on platelet hemostatic function in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.

Prostacyclin (PGI2) infusion was studied in patients during cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary artery bypass grafting to assess its capacity to protect platelet hemostatic function. Twelve patients received PGI2 at doses ranging from 20 to 70 ng/kg/min by continuous infusion directly into the bubble oxygenator. Nine control patients were also studied. Platelet counts were not different in the two groups; the platelet count at the completion of the operation was decreased by a mean of 29% in treated patients and 40% in control patients (p > 0.15). Bleeding times were uniformly greater than 30 minutes following 30 minutes on bypass in both groups (p > 0.5). Also there was no difference in the bleeding times between the treated and untreated groups in the immediate postbypass period (p > 0.05). In addition, no difference in transfusion requirements was observed between the treated and control groups. However, plasma levels of platelet factor 4 were lower in the treated patients (p
Effects of a kinin antagonist on renal function in rats

We contrasted the effects of D-Arg-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Thi-Ser-DPhe-Thi-Arg-TFA (kinin receptor antagonist), of aprotinin (kallikrein inhibitor), and of combined treatment with captopril (kininase II i...
Direct-to-consumer Marketing to People with Hemophilia

Adriane Fugh-Berman and colleagues describe how strategies similar to those used to market drugs to physicians are directed towards people with hemophilia.
Small Talk/New Networks: Virginia Woolf’s Virtual Publics

How does one talk about talk in a formal essay, when what one wants to convey is the very informality of the activity and its role in changing literary publics and discourse? The answer, I decided, is to act as if it were talk, the small talk, conversation, chat that animates interactions among individuals and links them into networks. Think of the talk that occurs at conferences, the Virginia Woolf Back to Bloomsbury conference, say, where the discussions generated by the staged panels and the small talk between the acts extend far beyond the time and space of the conference itself. Or, more to my point, think of VWOOLF, the email discussion group that for eleven years now has talked it way into becoming a network that may or may not constitute a community, that may or may not be considered a public. How much, I began to wonder, can VWOOLF be read as a contemporary inscription of what we think of as ‘Bloomsbury’, reconfigured as a vibrant discursive manifestation of cyberspace and internet culture? And what does it tell us about the nature of literary discourse occurring not in the academy, but among the growing number of readers who hold their conversations online?
Injury in Sport

This article focuses on the importance of psychological factors in most aspects of the injury process in athletes. These psychological factors have been identified in both the occurrence and aftermath of sport injury, and psychological interventions have been used to reduce injury risk and to facilitate physical and psychological recovery from sport injury.
When White reporters cover race: News media, objectivity and community (dis)trust

When White reporters cover issues involving race, they often fall back on traditional, passive practices of objectivity, such as deferring to official sources and remaining separate from communitie...
Baseline Choroidal Thickness as a Predictor for Treatment Outcomes in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion.

Purpose To evaluate the association between initial subfoveal choroidal thickness and response to anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy in central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) eyes. Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Forty-three eyes from 42 patients with treatment-naive CRVO were included. All patients included were treated with a standard algorithm of 3 monthly anti-VEGF injections. Serial enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography scans were used to measure subfoveal choroidal thickness and central macular thickness (CMT). Baseline predictors (particularly choroidal thickness) for functional response (best-corrected visual acuity gain ≥2 lines) were assessed at 3 months follow-up using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Forty-three eyes from 42 patients were included. Initial choroidal thickness in CRVO eyes (246 ± 102 μm) was greater than in their fellow eye (197 ± 86 μm; P = .023). In addition, mean choroidal thickness at baseline for functional responders (272.2 ± 107.3 μm) was greater than that of nonresponders (209.6 ± 85.8 μm; P = .039). A higher baseline choroidal thickness (for every 100-μm increase in choroidal thickness) was found to be a positive predictor for functional response (regression coefficient: 0.7; P = .04) on univariate analysis, whereas age ( P = .03) on multivariate regression analysis. Conclusions Baseline choroidal thickness and age may help predict which patients with CRVO have favorable visual outcomes following short-term anti-VEGF therapy.
Investigation of the high frequency radiative capabilities of a two mast canonical superstructure

This paper investigates high frequency (HF) radiation capabilities of a two mast, canonical ship using characteristic mode theory and distributed array design. Two ring arrays of 18 electrically small dipole radiators (.1λ) are designed to be circularly distributed between a two mast canonical shipboard structure. Consequently, the entire superstructure becomes the main radiator where its radiative capabilities can be controlled from its two mast superstructure. The two masts are spaced approximately .3λ from one another at the design frequency of 3.4 MHz. Numerical simulations are performed using MATLAB, HFSS, and FEKO computational electromagnetics software in order to demonstrate and examine the radiative and beam steering modal pattern characteristics.
Cocaine preexposure enhances sexual conditioning and increases resistance to extinction in male Japanese quail.

The incentive-sensitization theory posits that drug addiction results from altered learning and motivational processes that stem from drug-induced changes in the brain’s reward circuitry. Although it is generally accepted that problematic drug use results from these neuroadaptations, less research has focused on how these neural changes affect the incentive-motivational properties of naturally rewarding stimuli such as sex. The present set of experiments was conducted to investigate (1) dose-dependent effects of preexposure to chronic cocaine on sexual conditioning and (2) how prior cocaine exposure affects the extinction of sexually conditioned behavior in male Japanese quail. In Experiment 1, male quail were exposed to saline or to cocaine (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg ip) for 10 days, and their locomotor activity was measured. After a washout period, ten sexual-conditioning trials were conducted in which a light (CS) was presented prior to the presentation of a female quail (US) and approach to the light was measured. The results showed that cocaine dose-dependently enhanced sexually conditioned approach behavior and copulation. Experiment 2 was procedurally similar to Experiment 1, except that the quail received either saline or 10 mg/kg cocaine (ip) and 24 extinction trials were conducted. During extinction, no female was presented after the CS. The results showed that preexposure to cocaine delayed extinction. Therefore, cocaine may dose-dependently increase the strength of sexual conditioning, and this may subsequently increase resistance to extinction. These findings and their possible mechanisms are explored.
Modern-Day Slavery: An Overview of International, Federal, and State Policy Regarding Human Trafficking

Every year, hundreds of thousands of people in the world are exploited through human trafficking. The victims of this modern-day slave trade may be forced to work in the commercial sex industry or in domestic or manual labor settings. International institutions have denounced human trafficking, and many non-governmental organizations now exist to provide aid and services for victims; however, more federal and state action is also needed in order to recognize and stop human trafficking. Is the United States doing enough today to combat human trafficking, two hundred years after the slave trade was officially ended? What role can states play in helping to recognize the victims and perpetrators of this crime?
The development of elementary teacher identities as teachers of science

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the contributions of pre-service teachers’ memories of science and science education, combined with their experiences in a STEM-focused teacher preparation programme, to their developing identities as elementary school teachers of science. Data collected over three years include a series of interviews and observations of science teaching during elementary teacher preparation and the first year of teaching. Grounded within a theoretical framework of identity and using a case-study research design, we examined experiences that contributed to the participants’ identity development, focusing on key themes from teacher interviews: memories of science and science instruction, STEM-focused teacher preparation programme, field experiences, first year of teaching, and views of effective science instruction. Findings indicate the importance of exposure to reform strategies during teacher preparation and are summarised in main assertions and discussed ...
Respiratory Tract Infections: A Clinical Approach

Respiratory tract infections are among the most common and important problems in clinical medicine. The approach to these infections begins with a basic understanding of the pathophysiology of the respiratory tract and how immune defences interact with pathogens. A number of distinct clinical syndromes can be defined which help physicians and clinical microbiologists develop a differential diagnosis of potential infecting pathogens. The type and severity of infection is often modulated by the medical characteristics of the patient, circumstances surrounding infection, geography and environmental exposures. Multiple laboratory test methodologies are available to aid clinical diagnosis and close communication between clinicians and laboratory personnel can optimise the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of diagnosis. Molecular testing for respiratory viruses has become widely used in the clinical setting and will expand to include other pathogens of the respiratory tract.
Sparse Bayesian learning using variational Bayes inference based on a greedy criterion

We study the problem of finding the sparse signal from a set of compressively sensed measurements using variational Bayes inference. The main focus of this paper is to show that the estimated solution is sensitive to the selection of the parameters of the hyperprior on learning the supports of the solution in our modeling. Selection of such hyperparameters should be made with care, otherwise the solution suffers from the overfitting issues as the number of measurements becomes small. To tackle this issue, we add a greedy criterion which filters out a subset of the estimated supports based on the number of measurements compared to the dimension of the signal of interest.
Globalization, conflict discourse, and Jewish identity in an Israeli Russian-speaking online community

Abstract Using the frameworks of (im)politeness and identity (Garces-Conejos Blitvich and Sifianou, 2017), this article examines multi-participant polylogal conflict discourse between Jewish ex-Soviet migrants residing in different countries. For Russian-speaking ex-Soviet migrants, Jewish identity is important and at the same time often hotly contested. Migrants use a variety of impoliteness strategies, which are analyzed using Culpeper's 1996 classic impoliteness framework as modified by Dobs and Garces-Conejos Blitvich (2013). Specific impoliteness strategies are then related to the migrants' transnational identities. I argue that the choice of linguistic code is crucial for both the construction of conflict and for identity work in a globalized context. Migrants have multiple linguistic choices at their disposal, both hegemonic and global (Modern Standard Russian; Hebrew), and non-hegemonic, specifically the highly localized immigrant vernacular, Israeli Russian. I argue that refraining from sharing this common vernacular constitutes an Ignore, Snub the Other impoliteness strategy where Israel-based forum members disaffiliate from a Moscow-based forum member.
Alternative approaches to polyp extraction in colonoscopy: a proof of principle study.

Background and Aims A limitation of determination of the completeness of resection in polypectomy is polyp fragmentation. When a polyp fragments, the pathologist cannot determine resection completeness. Alternative approaches to reduce polyp fragmentation include reducing shearing forces on the polyp or removing polyps through the instrument channel. The primary aim of this study was to assess fragmentation of polyps extracted using different approaches from conventional polyp retrieval. Methods Polyps (5-15 mm) resected by cold snare or cautery by 3 colonoscopists were extracted from the colonoscope using 1 of 4 techniques. Method I was the conventional method of pressing the suction valve button and retrieving the polyp through a trap. Method II involved removing the suction valve, covering the open suction valve cylinder with a finger. Method III used a Roth Net polyp retriever placed through the instrument channel. Method IV involved connecting a polyp trap to suction onto the instrument channel port. Fragmentation was defined as multiple pieces of the specimen in formalin, as grossly described by the pathologist. Alternative approaches (methods II, III, and IV) were all compared with the conventional method (method I). Results The method I fragmentation rate of polyps was 60.3% (123/204). Method II extraction reduced fragmentation to 43.0% (52/121, P = .003), proving that fragmentation occurs with passage through the suction valve channel. Method III had a lower fragmentation rate of 23.1% (6/26, P Conclusions Polyp fragmentation is reduced by removal of the suction valve button. There is also a decrease in fragmentation rates in removing the polyp by connecting the polyp trap to the instrument port. Our study suggests that decreasing polyp fragmentation and improving pathology margin interpretability is possible through methods that extract polyps through the instrument port with currently available devices.
Meaning and Linguistic Variation: The Third Wave in Sociolinguistics

Part I. Beginnings and Gascon: 1. The paradox of national language movements 2. Diglossia: separate and unequal 3. Back home Part II. Jocks, Burnouts and the Second Wave: 4. Clothing and geography in a suburban high school 5. Sound change and adolescent social structure 6. The local and the extra-local 7. Variation and a sense of place 8. On the outs 9. Communities of practice 10. Liberated by gender 11. The whole woman: sex and gender differences in variation 12. Style 13. Variation and personal/group style 14. Back to elementary school 15. Vowels and nailpolish: the emergence of linguistic style in the preadolescent heterosexual marketplace Part III. The Third Wave: 16. Demystifying sexuality and desire 17. /t/ release and beyond 18. Agency 19. Elephants in the room 20. The nature of indexicality in variation 21. Variation and the indexical field 22. What kinds of signs are these? 23. Where do ethnolects stop? 24. The semiotic landscape 25. Spreading vs circulation 26. Where do we go from here?
“Negative Seeing”: Robert Smithson, Earth Art, and the Eco-Phenomenology of “Mirror Displacements”

Mounted randomly in various geo-ecological loci in Yucatan, Mexico, Robert Smithson’s earth art of the “Mirror Displacements” stages an eco-phenomenology characterized by “a wilderness of unassimilated seeing.” His leitmotif of an “anti-vision” or “negative seeing,” which paradoxically enables the world to appear counter-intuitively through the mirror displacements, presents itself as an artistic rendition of Jean-Luc Marion’s phenomenon of givenness. Theorized as the third phenomenological reduction contra that of Husserl and Heidegger, Marion’s phenomenology of givenness postulates a phenomenon saturated with intuition, which appears absolutely and unconditionally, beyond the limits set by the horizon and the transcendental I. In both Smithson’s eco-phenomenology of the “Mirror Displacements” and Marion’s phenomenology of givenness, the appearance of this saturated phenomenon is, as Marion epitomizes it, “invisible according to quantity, unbearable according to quality, absolute according to relation, irregardable according to modality.”
Electric Dipole Transitions in Cl-like Ions

Theoretical transition energies, wavelengths, and oscillator strengths for E1 transitions from the low-lying J = 12, J = 32, and J = 52 excited states to the J = 12 and J = 32 ground states are presented for ten ions isoelectronic with the chlorine atom. The multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock technique is used to generate the wave functions and obtain the energy levels. The effect of some correlation with 3d orbitals is noted. The relativistic forms of the electric-dipole operator are used to obtain values of oscillator strength corresponding to the nonrelativistic length and velocity forms.
Initiation and Course of Alcohol Consumption among Adolescents and Young Adults

This chapter takes a normative developmental perspective on the etiology of alcohol use, focusing on the initiation and course of alcohol use (rather than alcohol use disorders) during adolescence and early adulthood. We review evidence regarding the sequelae and meaning of the age of initiation of alcohol use, consider variable-and pattern-centered approaches to modeling trajectories describing the course of alcohol use across adolescence and young adulthood, and offer developmental conceptualizations of risk and protective factors for alcohol use and related problems.
Nature of Retirement and Loneliness: The Moderating Roles of Social Support

Drawing from the social convoy model, this study investigates whether the nature of retirement (voluntary or involuntary) influences loneliness among retirees, and how different social support types may affect this association. Data come from the 2014 Health and Retirement Study (N = 2,055). Five social support types were identified: weak, ambivalent, strong positive, children strain, and family strain. Involuntary retirement was associated with a higher level of loneliness; however, involuntarily retired individuals with strong positive social support had a relatively lower level of loneliness. Findings from this study suggest that social support may alleviate the negative impacts of involuntary retirement. Our research provides a theoretical basis for developing a practical program to reduce the negative impacts of involuntary retirement on well-being.
Leading Teams Effectively: Motivating and Prioritizing Work

Leading teams effectively has never been more important for surgeons. Providing multidisciplinary clinical care, building collaborative research efforts, and engaging front-line personnel to address quality problems all rely on top-notch team leadership. Learning to effectively motivate and prioritize the work of a team are among the most important team leadership mental models. In this chapter, we will discuss two models that each addresses an important aspect of leading teams. First, we will discuss how to effectively motivate and get the best from individuals on your team. Second, we will review a well-known framework for prioritizing work, but will reconsider it in the context of teamwork. For each mental model, we also describe a key pitfall that can short circuit the effectiveness of teams.
The impact of body mass index and sociodemographic factors on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behaviors of women with young children: A cross-sectional examination.

Objectives:Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity provides multiple benefits to women after childbirth. To achieve these benefits, the recommendation that adults obtain, 150 min of moderate-to-vigo...
Sex-dependent lifespan extension of ApcMin/+ FAP mice by chronic mTOR inhibition.

Background: Apc Min/+ mice model familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), a disease that causes numerous colon polyps leading to colorectal cancer. We previously showed that chronic treatment of Apc Min/+ females with the anti-aging drug, rapamycin, restored a normal lifespan through reduced polyposis and anemia prevention. Lifespan extension by chronic rapamycin in wildtype UM-HET3 mice is sex-dependent with females gaining the most benefit. Whether Apc Min/+ mice have a similar sex-dependent response to chronic mTOR inhibition is not known. Methods: To address this knowledge gap and gain deeper insight into how chronic mTOR inhibition prevents intestinal polyposis, we compared male and female Apc Min/+ mice responses to chronic treatment with a rapamycin-containing diet. Animals were fed a diet containing either 42 ppm microencapsulate rapamycin or empty capsules, one group was used to determine lifespan and a second group with similar treatment was harvested at 16 weeks of age for cross-sectional studies. Results: We found that the survival of males is greater than females in this setting (P < 0.0197). To explore the potential basis for this difference we analyzed factors affected by chronic rapamycin. Immunoblot assays showed that males and females exhibited approximately the same level of mTORC1 inhibition using phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) as an indirect measure. Immunohistochemistry assays of rpS6 phosphorylation showed that rapamycin reduction of mTORC1 activity was on the same level, with the most prominent difference being in intestinal crypt Paneth cells in both sexes. Chronic rapamycin also reduced crypt depths in both male and female Apc Min/+ mice (P < 0.0001), consistent with reduced crypt epithelial cell proliferation. Finally, chronic rapamycin prevented anemia equally in males and females. Conclusions: In males and females, these findings link rapamycin-mediated intestinal polyposis prevention with mTORC1 inhibition in Paneth cells and concomitant reduced epithelial cell proliferation. Keywords: Rapamycin, small intestine, polyposis, mTORC1, Paneth cells, crypt stem cells
An 18:1 Bandwidth Bio-Matched Antenna Covering the MedRadio, ISM, and WMTS Bands

Our previous work has introduced a modeling framework for custom designs of Bio-Matched Antennas (BMAs): ultra-wideband, wearable, into-body antennas constructed from the combination of dielectric and water. In this paper, we use our modeling framework to design a novel BMA with 18:1 bandwidth that covers the 0.38 – 7 GHz range. This is the first BMA that covers the MedRadio, ISM, and WMTS bands. The antenna is fabricated using stereolithographic 3D printing and measured upon a tissue-emulating phantom. To ensure repeatable fabrication, we also present measurements of the electrical properties of the cured 3D printing material.
An Empirical Study on Efficiency of a Dictionary Based Viterbi Algorithm for Word Segmentation

In this paper we present an algorithm for segmenting English sentences, without spaces, into their constituent words based on a dictionary using a variation of the Viterbi algorithm. We call this variation the dictionary based Viterbi algorithm for word boundary identification. The input to the algorithm is a sequence of English words which are not space separated and the output is list of the top-k possible word segmentations. The top-k segmentation of the input into the constituent words is determined on the basis of an optimality criteria applied to a scoring function which computes the "segmentation score" of each possible word sequence for the given input. Our implementation works from the back (right) of the input string and creates a data structure for storing the possible word boundaries during the first pass. The data structure consists of an index (a list of nodes) of length equal to the number of input characters in the string. The ith node in the index contains a pointer to the optimal list of words for the substring starting at position i of the input sequence. The list of possible breakdowns including the optimal one is collected during a second pass through the data structure. Due to the way the initial data structure is built during the first pass we call our algorithm the Reverse Sequence Search (RSS) algorithm. We report experimental results on several datasets including the entire Brown corpus with over one million words to show how fast our algorithm works. We also compare our implementation with a dynamic programming implementation provided by Norvig [1] which is one of the classical algorithms for the problem of word segmentation. Furthermore we show that our algorithm runs in O(n) time and space.
Playing with fire

Monitoring Active Volcanoes: Strategies, Procedures and Techniques. By Bill McGuire Christopher Kilburn John Murray. UCL Press: 1995. Pp. 421. £65, $99. Distributed in the United States by Taylor and Francis.
Distributed Assistant Associative Classification Algorithm in Big Data Environment

For many practical classification applications, the class label of new data needs to be confirmed eventually by domain expert, and the result of classifier only plays an assistant role. In addition, with the implicit values of big data calling more people's attention, classifier training is going through a transition from single dataset to distributed space dataset, and assistant classification in big data environment will also become an important branch of future classification applications. However, existing classification research lacks attention to this kind of application. Assistant classification in big data environment faces with the following three problems: 1) the training set is distributed big dataset, 2) in space, the class distributions of local datasets contained in the training set are commonly different, and 3) in time, the training set is dynamic and its class distribution may change. To address the above problems, this paper proposes a distributed assistant associative classification approach in big data environment. Firstly, a distributed associative classifier constructing algorithm in big data environment is constructed. With the new algorithm, the class distribution difference in space of the classification dataset is considered by horizontal weighting, and the performance deficiency of associative classification algorithms to imbalanced class distribution datasets is improved by giving a measure framework of "antecedent space support-correlation coefficient". Next, an adaptive factor based dynamic adjustment method for assistant associative classifier is proposed. This method can make full use of domain experts' real-time feedback to adjust classifier dynamically in the applying process of the used classifier, to improve its performance facing dynamic datasets, and to slow down its retraining frequency. Experimental results demonstrate that the presented approach can relative quickly train associative classifiers with higher classification accuracy for distributed datasets, and can improve their performance when datasets are continually expanding and changing. Thus it's an effective approach for assistant classification applications in big data environment.
Communication outside of the home through social media during COVID-19.

This study explored, through quantitative and qualitative survey analysis (N = 307), the role of communication through social media during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected in April 2020 to understand how individuals engaged with their network through social media and the subsequent relationship with subjective well-being, conceptualized as loneliness, life satisfaction, and positive and negative affect. Results identified that passive social media use contributed to greater loneliness and a decrease in life satisfaction. Some active use of social media contributed to an increase in positive affect. However, other active uses increased feelings of loneliness. Results also spoke to differences across platforms, with time on Twitter leading to increased feelings of loneliness. Qualitative results pointed to an increase in social media use during the pandemic while also highlighting the opportunity to digitally reconnect with old friends and family.
Automated systems for the de-identification of longitudinal clinical narratives

Display Omitted First de-identification shared task on clinical narratives.10 teams participated, submitting 22 system output.Top-performing system achieved micro-averaged F1 measure of .936 using strictest evaluation metric. The 2014 i2b2/UTHealth Natural Language Processing (NLP) shared task featured four tracks. The first of these was the de-identification track focused on identifying protected health information (PHI) in longitudinal clinical narratives. The longitudinal nature of clinical narratives calls particular attention to details of information that, while benign on their own in separate records, can lead to identification of patients in combination in longitudinal records. Accordingly, the 2014 de-identification track addressed a broader set of entities and PHI than covered by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act - the focus of the de-identification shared task that was organized in 2006. Ten teams tackled the 2014 de-identification task and submitted 22 system outputs for evaluation. Each team was evaluated on their best performing system output. Three of the 10 systems achieved F1 scores over .90, and seven of the top 10 scored over .75. The most successful systems combined conditional random fields and hand-written rules. Our findings indicate that automated systems can be very effective for this task, but that de-identification is not yet a solved problem.