cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of hormones in adipose tissue glycogen synthesis in the rat; the adrenal cortex.

KNOWLEDGE concerning the role of the adrenal cortex in fat metabolism is fragmentary and, in many cases, contradictory. This subject was reviewed by Ingle in 1943 and the present status of the problem may be summarized briefly as follows. The adrenalectomized animal does not readily mobilize fat from peripheral tissue to liver or develop ketosis in response to fasting or stress (Ingle, 1943) but may do both under the influence of growth hormone (Bennett et al., 1948, Szego and White, 1949). Fat stores of the adrenalectomized rat allowed to eat ad libitum become depleted (Schiffer and Wertheimer, 1947), although Stoerk and Porter (1950) claim this occurs only in adrenalectomized rats on a restricted food intake. The carcasses of adrenalectomized rats contain more protein and less fat than pair-fed controls (Winternitz, 1942). Conversely, the administration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone or the C-11 oxygenated steroids results in an apparent rapid mobilization of fat
Kinetics of the I2-catalyzed isomerization of allyl chloride to cis- and trans-1-chloro-1-propene. The stabilization energy of the chloroallyl radical†

The I2-catalyzed isomerization of allyl chloride to cis- and trans- l-chloro-l-propene was measured in a static system in the temperature range 225–329°C. Propylene was found as a side product, mainly at the lower temperatures. The rate constant for an abstraction of a hydrogen atom from allyl chloride by an iodine atom was found to obey the equation log [k,/M−1 sec−1] = (10.5 ± 0.2) −; (18.3 ± 10.4)/θ, where θ is 2.303RT in kcal/mole. Using this activation energy together with 1 ± 1 kcal/mole for the activation energy for the reaction of HI with alkyl radicals gives DH0 (CH2CHCHClH) = 88.6 ± 1.1 kcal/mole, and 7.4 ± 1.5 kcal/mole as the stabilization energy (SE) of the chloroallyl radical. Using the results of Abell and Adolf on allyl fluoride and allyl bromide, we conclude DH0 (CH2CHCHFH) = 88.6 ± 1.1 and DH0 (CH2CHCHBrH) = 89.4 ± 1.1 kcal/ mole; the SE of the corresponding radicals are 7.4 ± 2.2 and 7.8 ± 1.5 kcal/mole. The bond dissociation energies of the CH bonds in the allyl halides are similar to that of propene, while the SE values are about 2 kcal/mole less than in the allyl radical, resulting perhaps more from the stabilization of alkyl radicals by α-halogen atoms than from differences in the unsaturated systems.
The wounded feminine: From organizational abuse to personal healing

A sk any woman manager or professional if she has thought about how she brings her femininity to work. The result would be an astounding array of answers, ranging from beliefs that “being feminine is inappropriate and perhaps sexually flirtatious” to “femininity is the distinctive competence of women.” Some women believe they are more intuitive, caring, and nurturing than the men with whom they work. Others assert that these traits are stereotypes of women. Some female managers report that they feel rewarded when acting with care and support for their employees. Still others state that they feel stereotyped or “put down” when they do this. Why do women have so many different beliefs about femininity at work? Part of the answer lies in the experiences of women and the expectations placed upon them in traditionally maledominated workplaces. Another part-and perhaps more difficult to address-is the internal struggle of each woman to define herself, and especially her femininity, in a world and workpiace dominated by images of successful men and masculinity. Previous research documents how organizations desexualize, devalue, and confuse women at work. In this article, we show how such organizational abuse initiates in some women a process in which the feminine aspect is wounded to the point of dysfunction. We then present a sixstep model for beginning the process of healing this “wounded feminine.” What we do not address here is the wounded feminine of men. Though we suspect that the desexualization, devaluation, and confusion of femininity at work have detrimental effects on the feminine aspect of male identity, this is beyond our scope. This article grows out of our own confusion and discord as women, as we struggle to bring our feminine aspect to our business and professional roles, and understand and deal with the wounded feminine within. It is also influenced by our informal conversations with women in business and professions about their struggle to fit, cope, and heal. In addition, we draw from the literature on women in management to support our observations and experience. This is a first look at what we believe is an important phenomenon that deserves serious organizational and academic attention in the future. Thus, this article is a call to attend to the wounded feminine in women at work. Women who have been wounded must understand that fact; only then cun they begin the healing process.
Turbulent mass transfer in the mass transfer entry region for non-newtonian fluids

Abstract The effect of non-Newtonian flow behavior on turbulent mass transfer in the mass transfer entry region is investigated analytically. The predicted mass transfer rates in the mass transfer entry region are in good agreement with available experimental data and empirical correlations. The theoretical results for drag-reducing fluids show about 30 – 50% mass transfer rate reduction in the entry region which is less than that in the fully developed region.
Unstable crack advance across a regular array of short fibers in brittle matrix

The resistance to cleavage cracking of a regular array of short fibers was discussed through R-curve analysis. The final failure of the fiber array associated with the unstable crack advance across it occurred when the balance of the rates of the energy release rate and the fracture resistance was reached. The fracture resistance dominated by the combined bridging effect and crack trapping effect increased with the volume fraction and the aspect ratio of the fibers, as well as the internal friction. The toughening effect strongly depended on the crack length for short cracks but was size insensitive for long cracks. The elastic properties of the matrix had little influence on the overall fracture resistance.
User-assisted tools for concurrency control in distributed multimedia collaborations

In a distributed collaborative application, a key requirement is that all users see the same copy of a shared window object at any given point in time (WYSIWIS). In this paper, we study 'user-assisted causal ordering' of messages as the basis for achieving WYSIWIS. The approach requires specifying the synchronization constraints on accessing shared window objects in the form of an order in which messages need to be processed and object state updated. The specifications are made available to the window subsystem based on the user-level knowledge about the actions on objects and the current (shared) object state. In contrast with the current approaches employing transaction models, our approach allows flexibility in the programming of collaboration-style applications, and offers increased levels of concurrency.
Assessing the Uptake of Evidence-Based Management: A Systems Approach

To assess how evidence-based industrial–organizational (I–O) psychology is, Briner and Rousseau (2011) used a list of some of the characteristics of evidencebased practice to generate a report card of sorts (cf., Briner and Rousseau, Table 2). The list of characteristics struck us as a collection of snapshots, some more informative than others, of the state of evidence use by I–O psychologists. Although the brief description of each characteristic offered hints at how some of them might fit together, the next step, in our opinion, is integrating these pieces into a system—to see how everything fits in the big picture. In the spirit of evidence-based practice, such an integration would allow us to begin understanding the mechanisms, and evolution, of how evidence moves from being generated to being used in practice. From a practical standpoint, an understanding of mechanisms would guide us in strategically planning where to direct our change efforts to improve the system and thoughtfully troubleshoot it as we go. One path to integrating the pieces begins with reframing Briner and Rousseau’s question of how evidence-based I–O psychology is into the question of how I–O psychologists are involved in the consumption
Adaptive language strategies of the Hmong: From asian mountains to american ghettos

Abstract Some sociolinguistic phenomena can be best studied longitudinally and analytically, over a span of time, as “ethnohistoriography of communication.” In some cases, access to data can only be through the memories of people who lived through the time, as soft as such data may be. In this paper, I attempt to describe adaptive language strategies of the Hmong people over several generations in Laos, and through several years as refugees in the United States. As I do so, I relate them to an etic taxonomy of strategies. Some of the strategies described are predictably the same in Laos and America, and some different. The learning of Lao was undertaken by most Hmong men in Laos entirely as a product of social interaction. For most it was learned exclusively orally, and through use. Learning English in the United States is seen as an academic exercise, however. People who cannot read and write any language typically learn little English. The use of books and pens is often considered essential to the learning of English.
MACROGENITOSOMIA PRECOX ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERPLASIA OF THE ANDROGENIC TISSUE OF THE ADRENAL AND DEATH FROM CORTICOADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY CASE REPORT1

THE PATIENT, D. R. W. (H.L.H. A. 8619), was referred to Dr. T. Campbell Goodwin, at the Harriet Lane Home by Dr. Robert R. Harriss, of Hollywood, Florida. On admission, October 11, 1938, the boy was 3 years and 7 month, old. The father, aged 34 years, was normal except for a cardiac ailment. The mother, aged 32 years, was well except for slight irregularity of her menses.There were no evidences of any endocrine disorder in either parent, and no consanguinity. Prior to the patient’s birth, the mother had given birth to a child described by Dr. Leigh F. Robinson, of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, as presenting the characteristic abnormalities of a female pseudohermaphrodite,2 who had died at the age of 5 weeks. During the period of gestation the mother had presented no abnormalities. The patient’s birth was normal. His first teeth erupted at 5 months. He did not sit alone until the 11th month.
Long-term follow-up in the unoperated univentricular heart

Type A univentricular heart is a severe congenital cardiac defect; 50% of patients are dead 14 years after diagnosis, a death rate of 4.8% per year. Type C univentricular heart is even more lethal; 50% of patients are dead 4 years after diagnosis. Pulmonary stenosis did not protect either group of patients in terms of overall survival. Of the patients in class I or II at initial diagnosis, 34% of patients with type A and 12% of those with type C were in class III or IV or had died at follow-up. The most common causes of death were dysrhythmia, congestive heart failure and sudden and unexplained death.
Constraint-driven floorplan repair

In this work, we propose a new and efficient approach to the floorplan repair problem, where violated design constraints are satisfied by applying small changes to an existing rough floorplan. Such a floorplan can be produced by a human designer, a scalable placement algorithm, or result from engineering adjustments to an existing floorplan. In such cases, overlapping modules must be separated, and others may need to be repositioned to satisfy additional requirements. Our algorithmic framework uses an expressive graph-based encoding of constraints which can reflect fixed-outline, region, proximity and alignment constraints. By tracking the implications of existing constraints, we resolve violations by imposing gradual modifications to the floorplan, in an attempt to preserve the characteristics of its initial design. Empirically, our approach is effective at removing overlaps and repairing violations that may occur when design constraints are acquired and imposed dynamically.
Interband tunneling for hole injection in III-nitride ultraviolet emitters

Low p-type conductivity and high contact resistance remain a critical problem in wide band gap AlGaN-based ultraviolet light emitters due to the high acceptor ionization energy. In this work, interband tunneling is demonstrated for non-equilibrium injection of holes through the use of ultra-thin polarization-engineered layers that enhance tunneling probability by several orders of magnitude over a PN homojunction. Al0.3Ga0.7N interband tunnel junctions with a low resistance of 5.6 × 10−4 Ω cm2 were obtained and integrated on ultraviolet light emitting diodes. Tunnel injection of holes was used to realize GaN-free ultraviolet light emitters with bottom and top n-type Al0.3Ga0.7N contacts. At an emission wavelength of 327 nm, stable output power of 6 W/cm2 at a current density of 120 A/cm2 with a forward voltage of 5.9 V was achieved. This demonstration of efficient interband tunneling could enable device designs for higher efficiency ultraviolet emitters.
The Role of the Five Factor Model of Personality in the Perceptions of Negative and Positive Forms of Work-Nonwork Spillover: A Meta-Analytic Review.

Abstract The present meta-analysis examines the relationships between the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality and negative and positive forms of work–nonwork spillover (e.g., work-family conflict and facilitation). Results, based on aggregated correlations drawn from 66 studies and 72 independent samples (Total N = 28,127), reveal that the FFM is predictive of work–nonwork spillover. More specifically, meta-analytic structural equation modeling indicated that extraversion (β = −.08), agreeableness (β = −.06), conscientiousness (β = −.13), and neuroticism (β = .29) are related to negative work–nonwork spillover, while extraversion (β = .27), agreeableness (β = .11), conscientiousness (β = .12), and openness to experience (β = .20) are related to positive work–nonwork spillover. FFM personality variables were equally predictive of both directions of spillover (i.e., work-to-nonwork and nonwork-to-work). Collectively these results suggest a moderate amount of variance in negative (R2 = .15) and positive (R2 = .18) work–nonwork spillover is accounted for by personality.
Fractal properties of the IMF and the Earth's magnetotail field

The time series of the interplanetary and Earth’s magnetotail magnetic fields are analyzed. The data subsets taken by the IMP 8 spacecraft outside and inside of the Earth’s magnetosphere show clearly the fractal properties: their “box dimensions” are found to be close to 1.7 and 1.5 respectively. It is shown that data gaps have a little effect on the results. The magnetic field increment distributions are found to be non-Gaussian, but self-affine.
Error-diffusion multilevel phase encoded CGH elements

Error-diffusion computer-generated holograms (CGHs) are extended to allow the use of multilevels (rather than the conventional binary 0,1 values) and to phase modulation (to improve efficiency). These new CGHs allow high accuracy and reduced space-bandwidth-product transfer functions. CGHs for optical processing operations are described and laboratory data are included.
Concepts for the design of 5-HT1A serotonin agonists and antagonists

The accessibility and use of a standard 5-HT1A agonist radioligand ([3H]8-hydroxy-2-(dipropylaminotetralin) has resulted in the availability of a large amount of binding data on various serotonergic agents. This, in turn, has permitted the formulation of structure—affinity relationships (SAFIR). By contrast, much less information is available concerning the agonist and antagonist activity of these agents. This is primarily due to a lack of standard evaluation procedures, controversy regarding the presynaptic versus postsynaptic nature of certain models, and the recent realization that many 5-HT1A agents are partial agonists. Thus, it has been difficult to formulate structure—activity relationships (SAR) for these agents. The present review examines the various classes of 5-HT1A serotonergic agents and the available data on their 5-HT1A agonist and antagonist activity with the aim of formulating SAR. These SAR should provide useful information for the subsequent design of 5-HT1A-selective agonists and antagonists. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Damping of flexural vibration using low-density, low-wave-speed media

Significant damping of structural vibration can be attained by coupling to the structure a low-density medium (such as a powder or foam) in which the speed of sound propagation is relatively low. We describe a set of experiments in which flexural vibration of aluminum beams over a broad frequency range is damped by introduction of a layer of lossy low-wave-speed foam. At frequencies high enough to set up standing waves through the thickness of the foam, loss factors as high as 0.05 can be obtained with a foam layer whose mass is 3.9% of that of the beam. We model the foam as a continuum in which waves of dilatation and distortion can propagate, obtain approximate solutions for the frequency response of the system by means of a modal expansion, and find that the predictions are in close agreement with the measured responses. Finally, we develop a simple approximation for the system loss factor based on the complex wavenumber associated with flexural vibration in an infinite beam.
An empirical model for describing weight changes in swelling and shrinking gels

Abstract The weight gain/loss patterns of agar and carrageenan gels immersed in aqueous solutions of sucrose (0–30%) or acetone (10–100%) were described in terms of a two-parameter non-exponential model that was previously proposed for other physical accumulation or decay phenomena. The model has a good fit to experimental data and enabled the prediction of the equilibrium weight ratio with an error of 5% or less.
Relationships of attached garage and home exposures to fuel type and emission levels of garage sources

Mobile source air toxics (MSAT) may pose an adverse health risk, especially in microenvironments with high exposures to vehicle exhaust or evaporative emissions. Although programs such as reformulated gasoline are intended to reduce the emissions of MSAT and ozone precursors, uncertainties remain regarding population exposures associated with both oxygenate-gasoline blends and conventional gasoline. Measurements were carried out in San Antonio, Texas under controlled conditions to establish relationships between vehicle tailpipe and evaporative emissions and concentration levels in a residence with an attached garage. This paper concentrates on the influence of vehicle type (sedan versus pickup truck), its operational mode (normal versus malfunction), and fuel type (conventional versus oxygenated) on the pollutant levels in the attached garage and adjacent room (kitchen).
Hemodialysis following butoxyethanol ingestion.

Case Report: This case report describes a 19-year-old male who ingested a product containing butoxyethanol, propylene glycol, and monoethanolamine. Neurotoxicity, acidosis, and butoxyacetic acid persisted after hemodialysis. Hemodialysis was used to treat the acidosis, but the half-life of butoxyacetic acid did not appear to have been significantly altered. Fomepizole, a recently approved alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor for ethylene glycol intoxication, was not available at the time of this case. Residual neurological deficits persisted after recovery from this severe intoxication by a glycol ether.
Cardiac Resynchronization by Restoration of Native Ventricular Activation Reversal of Iatrogenic Mitral Regurgitation and Heart Failure

A 56-year-old woman was transferred to our institution for evaluation of New York Heart Association class IV congestive heart failure that was refractory despite treatment with furosemide, carvedilol, digitalis, spironolactone, and valsartan. She was bedridden before her transfer and was referred for consideration of cardiac transplantation. Prior treatment at another institution included bypass of the left anterior descending coronary artery, a left internal mammary graft for unstable angina, and implantation of a dual-chamber cardioverter/defibrillator for ventricular tachycardia. The device was programmed for DDDR pacing, with rate limits of 80 to 130 bpm and an atrioventricular (AV) delay of 160 ms. In this setting, the patient had been paced in the right ventricle 100% of the time for 6 months before she presented at our institution. Deterioration of her condition began after cardioverter/defibrillator placement and persisted despite increasing pharmacotherapy. At the time of hospital admission, she was in florid congestive heart failure and had hypotension, elevated jugular venous pressure, bilateral lung crepitations, a murmur of mitral regurgitation, and pitting edema of the lower extremities. The initial ECG (at hospital admission) showed AV sequential pacing at 80 bpm …
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF RATERS FOR THE TEST OF SPOKEN ENGLISH

The investigation was undertaken to provide information about the feasibility of reducing scoring costs by using one rater instead of the two that are now used for the TSE. It was concluded that because of the possibility of different standards among potential raters, it does not appear feasible to use a single rater as the sole determiner of speaking proficiency under the current system. Other possible alternatives to a single rating, relying on psychometric methodology and technology, are discussed. The approach was to first examine the possibility of developing a “quality control” index that would predict the extent of the disagreement between two raters. The index that was developed for this purpose could not be validated. It was found that the best predictors of rater disagreement were the identities of the raters. The disagreements, however, resulted from the differing standards used by different raters. That is, raters agree substantially about the ordering of examinees but vary slightly in the severity of their ratings.
Transmembrane and Extracellular Domains of Syndecan-1 Have Distinct Functions in Regulating Lung Epithelial Migration and Adhesion

Syndecan-1 is a cell surface proteoglycan that can organize co-receptors into a multimeric complex to transduce intracellular signals. The syndecan-1 core protein has multiple domains that confer distinct cell- and tissue-specific functions. Indeed, the extracellular, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains have all been found to regulate specific cellular processes. Our previous work demonstrated that syndecan-1 controls lung epithelial migration and adhesion. Here, we identified the necessary domains of the syndecan-1 core protein that modulate its function in lung epithelial repair. We found that the syndecan-1 transmembrane domain has a regulatory function in controlling focal adhesion disassembly, which in turn controls cell migration speed. In contrast, the extracellular domain facilitates cell adhesion through affinity modulation of α(2)β(1) integrin. These findings highlight the fact that syndecan-1 is a multidimensional cell surface receptor that has several regulatory domains to control various biological processes. In particular, the lung epithelium requires the syndecan-1 transmembrane domain to govern cell migration and is independent from its ability to control cell adhesion via the extracellular domain.
Cross-species and intraspecies reactivities of monoclonal antibodies against choline acetyltransferase.

Abstract We have previously reported the first successful production of monoclonal antibodies against the cholinergic neuronal marker, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). We now report some inter- and intraspecies cross-reactivity studies of the monoclonal antibody AB1. This antibody reacted most strongly with bovine ChAT and weakly with sheep and human enzyme. Similar amounts of binding were observed with the two forms of bovine ChAT separated by ion exchange chromatography. The antibody also reacted equally well with human ChAT derived from either brain or placenta.
Detection of ribonuclease-resistant RNA in chloroplasts of corn leaf tissue infected with maize dwarf mosaic virus.

Abstract Ribonuclease-resistant RNA was detected in fixed sections of maize dwarf mosaic virus infected corn leaves by staining with acridine orange and observation under ultraviolet light. This RNA was found primarily in chloroplasts of bundle sheath parenchyma cells, as early as 24 hr after inoculation. Ribonuclease-resistant RNA was also found in degenerate plastids of a maize dwarf mosaic virus infected albino mutant of corn and in isolated chloroplasts prepared from infected normal corn. Sections pretreated with protease before nuclease and staining treatments showed increased susceptibility of the ribonuclease-resistant RNA to nuclease attack. The significance of ribonuclease-resistant RNA in chloroplasts is discussed in terms of its relevance to viral synthesis.
Whiteness: A strategic rhetoric

Communication scholars have often overlooked the importance of whiteness as an influence in their research. In this essay, we explore the territory of whiteness in order to map the discursive space it occupies. This mapping of the discursive space, or territory, of whiteness is the first step in the process of exposing whiteness as a rhetorical construction. We then discuss some of the rhetorical strategies through which whiteness resecures its discursive space. We conclude with three aspects of reflexivity that offer directions for further research.
Audio extraction from silent high-speed video using an optical technique

It is demonstrated that audio information can be extracted from silent high-speed video with a simple and fast optical technique. The basic principle is that the sound waves can stimulate objects encountered in the traveling path to vibrate. The vibrations, although usually with small amplitudes, can be detected by using an image matching process. The proposed technique applies a subset-based image correlation approach to detect the motions of points on the surface of an object. It employs the Gauss-Newton algorithm and a few other measures to achieve very fast and highly accurate image matching. Because the detected vibrations are directly related to the sound waves, a simple model is introduced to reconstruct the original audio information of the sound waves. The proposed technique is robust and easy to implement, and its effectiveness has been verified by experiments.
Crystal Structures of Mutant Forms of the Yeast F1 ATPase Reveal Two Modes of Uncoupling

The mitochondrial ATP synthase couples the flow of protons with the phosphorylation of ADP. A class of mutations, the mitochondrial genome integrity (mgi) mutations, has been shown to uncouple this process in the yeast mitochondrial ATP synthase. Four mutant forms of the yeast F1 ATPase with mgi mutations were crystallized; the structures were solved and analyzed. The analysis identifies two mechanisms of structural uncoupling: one in which the empty catalytic site is altered and in doing so, apparently disrupts substrate (phosphate) binding, and a second where the steric hindrance predicted between γLeu83 and βDP residues, Leu-391 and Glu-395, located in Catch 2 region, is reduced allowing rotation of the γ-subunit with less impedance. Overall, the structures provide key insights into the critical interactions in the yeast ATP synthase involved in the coupling process.
Ultrastructure of the freshwater alga Batrachospermum. I. Thin-section and freeze-etch analysis of juvenile and photosynthetic filament vegetative cells1

Abstract Vegetative cells of the juvenile (Chantransia) and adult forms of Batrachospermum were examined by thin-section and freeze-etch electron microscopy. The cells showed many features characteristic of the Rhodophyta. In addition, some aspects of red algal fine structure not closely examined previously are discussed. Lomasomes were most prevalent in association with the developing septum of dividing cells and at the distal end of apical cells. Vacuole formation involved expansion of portions of the endoplasmic reticulum and fusion of dictyosome vesicles with developing vacuoles. Two functionally different types of dictyosomes were observed: one contributed vesicles lacking a fibrillar content to the vacuole, whereas the other contributed vesicles with a fibrillar content to the cell wall. The development and structure of pit connections were similar to that described for other red algae. However, in addition to the usual plug structure, an amorphous plug cap and associated network of endoplasmic reti...
The cause of the ice ages

Abstract A composite deep-sea core, normalized on the basis of sedimentary averages from seven cores from the Caribbean and one from the Pacific, reveals the occurrence of ten major glaciations during the past 730,000 years and affords a close estimate of their ages. Spacing of glaciation through time ranges from 50,000 to > 100,000 years. Obliquity minima caused significant lowering of global temperature and were important in driving the earth's climate toward a glacial mode; and obliquity maxima, especially if occurring when eccentricity was high and the earth was at perihelion during the northern summer, contributed in producing warm interglacials. Full glaciation and full deglaciation, however, appear to be primarily related to heat exchange processes between ice and ocean.
Customer loyalty programs: are they fair to consumers?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the fairness of loyalty programs to consumers regarding two emerging criticisms of loyalty programs: discriminating value proposition segmentation and potential exploitation of captured personal information.Design/methodology/approach – Equity theory and exchange theory are the theoretical foundations used for evaluation of the aspects of loyalty program fairness.Findings – First, through the application of equity theory, firms can more effectively recognize and reward more valuable customers without alienating less valuable customers. Second, through the use of exchange theory, firms can secure authorization to collect and use individual customer information from customers in exchange for enhanced value proposition offerings via loyalty programs. Loyalty programs can induce customers to give up their personal information in exchange for benefits they would not otherwise receive. Marketers use the higher level of benefits available through loyalty programs...
Stability of moving combustion fronts in porous media

The stability of moving combustion fronts during underground combustion processes is analyzed. The behavior of small deformations in front configuration is studied using linear stability theory and relatively simple models of the combustion processes. In this way the main physical phenomena which influence stability can be clearly distinguished. For wet combustion processes, where both air and water are injected, front stability is affected not only by the ratio of the mobilities of fluids flowing ahead of and behind the front, but also by heat transport near the front and by expansion accompanying vaporization of water at the front. Even more interesting is a ''reverse mobility'' effect predicted by the analysis. Under some conditions at relatively high air to water injection ratios, fluid flow and the heat produced by combustion interact in such a way that normally ''favorable'' mobility ratios become unfavorable. That is, existence of a low mobility in the region of two-phase flow of air and water behind the front can actually promote front instability. For dry combustion the heat transport and reverse mobility effects on stability do not occur and the combustion fronts are typically neither highly stable nor highly unstable, i.e., the effective mobility ratio is nearmore » unity.« less
The core competence organization: Implications for human resource practices

Abstract This article describes the core competence organizational model (Prahalad & Hamel 1994) and discusses the conceptual shifts implicit in this model in relation to other theories: resource dependence, traditional strategic thinking, and the resource-based view of the firm. A strategic Human Resource (HR) Management framework is utilized to develop and present twelve hypotheses concerning the implications of core competence management for HR practices: job design, staffing, training and development, and the employee rewards system.
Moon-Earth-Sun: The oldest three-body problem

The daily motion of the Moon through the sky has many unusual features that a careful observer can discover without the help of instruments. The three different frequencies for the three degrees of freedom have been known very accurately for 3000 years, and the geometric explanation of the Greek astronomers was basically correct. Whereas Kepler's laws are sufficient for describing the motion of the planets around the Sun, even the most obvious facts about the lunar motion cannot be understood without the gravitational attraction of both the Earth and the Sun. Newton discussed this problem at great length, and with mixed success; it was the only testing ground for his Universal Gravitation. This background for today's many-body theory is discussed in some detail because all the guiding principles for our understanding can be traced to the earliest developments of astronomy. They are the oldest results of scientific inquiry, and they were the first ones to be confirmed by the great physicist-mathematicians of the 18th century. By a variety of methods, Laplace was able to claim complete agreement of celestial mechanics with the astronomical observations. Lagrange initiated a new trend wherein the mathematical problems of mechanics could all be solved by the same uniform process; canonical transformations eventually won the field. They were used for the first time on a large scale by Delaunay to find the ultimate solution of the lunar problem by perturbing the solution of the two-body Earth-Moon problem. Hill then treated the lunar trajectory as a displacement from a periodic orbit that is an exact solution of a restricted three-body problem. Newton's difficultly in explaining the motion of the lunar perigee was finally resolved, and the Moon's orbit was computed by a new method that became the universal standard until after WW II. Poincar\'e opened the 20th century with his analysis of trajectories in phase space, his insistence on investigating periodic orbits even in ergodic systems, and his critique of perturbation theory, particularly in the case of the Moon's motion. Space exploration, astrophysics, and the landing of the astronauts on the Moon led to a new flowering of celestial mechanics. Lunar theory now has to confront many new data beyond the simple three-body problem in order to improve its accuracy below the precision of 1 arcsecond; the computer dominates all the theoretical advances. This review is intended as a case study of the many stages that characterize the slow development of a problem in physics from simple observations through many forms of explanation to a high-precision fit with the data.
Bayesian Network to Predict Breast Cancer Risk of Mammographic Microcalcifications and Reduce Number of Benign Biopsy Results: Initial Experience

Purpose: To retrospectively determine whether a Bayesian network (BN) computer model can accurately predict the probability of breast cancer on the basis of risk factors and mammographic appearance of microcalcifications, to improve the positive predictive value (PPV) of biopsy, with pathologic examination and follow-up as reference standards. Materials and Methods: The institutional review board approved this HIPAA-compliant study; informed consent was not required. Results of 111 consecutive image-guided breast biopsies performed for microcalcifications deemed suspicious by radiologists were analyzed. Mammograms obtained before biopsy were analyzed in a blinded manner by a breast imager who recorded Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) descriptors and provided a probability of malignancy. The BN uses probabilistic relationships between breast disease and mammography findings to estimate the risk of malignancy. Probability estimates from the radiologist and the BN were used to create receiv...
Binary counter with counting period of one half adder independent of counter size

The properties that make a fast counter suitable for many applications are: (1) a high counting rate, independent of the counter size; (2) a binary output that can be read on-the-fly; (3) a sampling rate equal to the counting rate; and (4) a regular implementation suitable for VLSI. The authors describe the implementation of a counter having these properties. The minimum period of the counter is equal to the delay of one half adder plus the delay of loading a flip-flop. Both a modulo-2/sup n/ case and the more general modulo-p cases are considered. >
Effect of anticoagulants on calcium and magnesium content of human platelets.

Human intraplatelet Ca++ and Mg+ content was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Citrate, ACD, and ACD-plus-adenine anticoagulants exerted no significant influence on these values.
Performance of modified Faddeev algorithm on optical processors

An optical processor realising the versatile Faddeev algorithm is programmable and can be used for several computations such as matrix multiplications, decompositions and inversions just by changing the structure of the data stored. Optical processors have round-off spatial errors and noise limiting the accuracy of computations. It is shown that the use of a preprocessed Faddeev algorithm on an optical processor can produce more accurate results than an optical processor realising the standard Faddeev algorithm. The procedure for preprocessing and possible optical realisations of the preprocessed Faddeev algorithm on optical processors are described. Simulation results show the improved accuracy of such preprocessed Faddeev algorithm based computations.
Mild Transcobalamin I (Haptocorrin) Deficiency and Low Serum Cobalamin Concentrations

Background: Low cobalamin concentrations are common, but their causes are often unknown. Transcobalamin I/haptocorrin (TC I/HC) deficiency, viewed as a rare cause, has not been examined systematically in patients with unexplained low serum cobalamin. Methods: Total TC I/HC was measured by RIA in three subgroups of 367, 160, and 38 patients with different categories of low cobalamin concentrations and three comparison subgroups of 112, 281, and 119 individuals with cobalamin concentrations within the reference interval. Additional studies, including family studies, were done in selected patients found to have low TC I/HC concentrations. Results: Low TC I/HC concentrations suggestive of mild TC I/HC deficiency occurred in 54 of 367 (15%) patients with low cobalamin identified by clinical laboratories and 24 of 160 (15%) patients whose low cobalamin was unexplained after absorption and metabolic evaluation, but in only 2 of 38 patients with malabsorptive causes of low cobalamin concentrations (5%). The prevalence was only 3% (8 of 281 plasma samples) to 5% (6 of 112 sera) in patients with cobalamin concentrations within the reference interval and 3% (4 of 119) in healthy volunteers. Three patients with low cobalamin (0.6%) had severe TC I/HC deficiency with undetectable TC I/HC. Presumptive heterozygotes for severe TC I/HC deficiency in two families had the findings of mild TC I/HC deficiency; mild deficiency was also found in at least three of seven studied families of patients with mild TC I/HC deficiency. Conclusions: Mild TC I/HC deficiency is frequently associated with low cobalamin, is often familial, and its biochemical phenotype appears identical to the heterozygous state of severe TC I/HC deficiency. Severe TC I/HC deficiency also appears to be more common than suspected. Both diagnoses should be considered in all patients with unexplained low serum cobalamin.
Regulation of xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase activity by hypoxia

The present study determined the effect of hypoxia on xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity and gene and protein expression in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). BAEC were exposed to hypoxia (3% O2) or anoxia (0% O2) for 24 or 48 h and to 24 h of hypoxia followed by 24 h of reoxygenation. Hypoxia- and anoxia-exposed BAEC demonstrated a greater than twofold increase in XDH/XO activity at 24 and 48 h compared with timed controls. Hypoxic cells that were subsequently reoxygenated in 21% O2 also demonstrated a similar increase in XDH/XO activity vs. timed controls. No differences were seen in mRNA levels at any time point. Similarly, no difference was noted in XDH/XO protein expression after hypoxic exposure, as determined by Western blot analysis. The increase in XDH/XO activity was not prevented by cyclohexamide, indicating that protein synthesis was not required. Thus the increased XDH/XO activity observed in response to hypoxia in the present study was due to posttranslational modulation of the enzyme.
A DNA Replication Mechanism for Generating Nonrecurrent Rearrangements Associated with Genomic Disorders

The prevailing mechanism for recurrent and some nonrecurrent rearrangements causing genomic disorders is nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) between region-specific low-copy repeats (LCRs). For other nonrecurrent rearrangements, nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) is implicated. Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is an X-linked dysmyelinating disorder caused most frequently (60%-70%) by nonrecurrent duplication of the dosage-sensitive proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) gene but also by nonrecurrent deletion or point mutations. Many PLP1 duplication junctions are refractory to breakpoint sequence analysis, an observation inconsistent with a simple recombination mechanism. Our current analysis of junction sequences in PMD patients confirms the occurrence of simple tandem PLP1 duplications but also uncovers evidence for sequence complexity at some junctions. These data are consistent with a replication-based mechanism that we term FoSTeS, for replication Fork Stalling and Template Switching. We propose that complex duplication and deletion rearrangements associated with PMD, and potentially other nonrecurrent rearrangements, may be explained by this replication-based mechanism.
Cystic adventitial disease of the popliteal artery: An illustrative case and literature review

Lower extremity claudication most commonly results from atherosclerotic disease. Cystic adventitial disease of the popliteal artery is a rare entity that also manifests with symptoms of claudication. The disease usually occurs in otherwise healthy men without cardiovascular risk factors for atherosclerosis. Extrinsic compression of the arterial lumen leads to arterial insufficiency in these patients. A fairly typical case of cystic adventitial disease of the popliteal artery is reported and a review of the literature is presented.
A framework for assessing the biodiversity and fishery aspects of marine reserves.

Summary 1. Resource management agencies are often charged with managing natural resources for economic and social goals, while also protecting and conserving biodiversity and ecosystem function. However, this may not always be possible. Ecosystem-based management is frequently suggested as a way to achieve multiple objectives in resource management and requires that tradeo!s among conflicting objectives be identified and an e!ective means to utilize these trade-o!s developed. 2. We examine the relationship between area and species richness in a diverse assemblage of fishes along the US West Coast and then use parameters from this relationship as input for a model that considers trade-o!s between fisheries yield and the number of species protected by di!erent management strategies. 3. The species‐area relationship (S = cA z ) for fishes along the US Pacific coast is well described
Current risk factors and outcomes for the arterial switch operation.

Background The arterial switch operation is the preferred treatment for dextrotransposition of the great arteries and some forms of double-outlet right ventricle. Methods All patients undergoing an arterial switch operation at a single institution from January 1, 1999, to September 1, 2005, were reviewed. Results Of the 168 patients, median age was 2 days (range, 0 to 358) and weight was 3.5 kg (range, 1.9 to 11.8 kg). Eleven patients were less than 36 weeks gestational age. Forty percent had coronary patterns other than usual. Mean cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time was 147 ± 45 minutes, and mean cross-clamp time was 77 ± 27 minutes. At a mean follow-up of 19 ± 21 months, there were 10 (6%) hospital and 4 (3%) late deaths. Actuarial 1-month, 1-year, and 3-year survivals were 94%, 90%, and 89%, respectively. Bivariate analysis revealed weight less than 2.5 kg ( p = 0.032), gestational age less than 36 weeks ( p = 0.002), and CPB time greater than 150 minutes ( p = 0.0075) decreased hospital survival. Intermediate-term survival was negatively impacted by weight less than 2.5 kg ( p = 0.017), gestational age less than 36 weeks ( p = 0.0096), CPB time greater than 150 minutes ( p = 0.0050), and age at presentation greater than 4 weeks ( p = 0.034). By multivariate analysis, gestational age less than 36 weeks ( p = 0.0051) and CPB time greater than 150 minutes ( p = 0.016) were independent risk factors for hospital mortality. Gestational age less than 36 weeks ( p = 0.0096) and CPB time greater than 150 minutes ( p = 0.005) were also independent predictors of intermediate-term mortality. Coronary anatomy could not be shown to affect survival, including no deaths among the 12 patients with intramural coronaries. Conclusions The arterial switch operation can be performed with low mortality regardless of diagnosis or coronary pattern. The premature patient and minimizing CPB time remain as challenges to optimize outcomes for the arterial switch operation.
The effect of high‐ and low‐intensity warm‐up on the physiological responses to a standardized swim and tethered swimming performance

This investigation was conducted to determine the effect of high‐ and low‐intensity warm‐ups on physiological responses, lactate accumulation, and high‐intensity freestyle and tethered swimming performance. Ten male collegiate swimmers were tested for maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) followed by two series of three warm‐up protocols performed in a randomized order at least 2 days apart. The warm‐up protocols were: (1) no warm‐up (NWU), (2) a 366‐m swim at 70% VO2 max (LWU) and (3) four 46‐m swims at 1‐min intervals at a speed corresponding to 110% VO2 max (HWU). Five minutes after each warm‐up in the first series, the swimmers swam a 183‐m standardized freestyle swim at a velocity corresponding to 110% VO2 max, and 5 min after each warm‐up in the second series the swimmers completed a tethered swim to exhaustion with a weight attached to the tether to elicit fatigue at about 2 min. Three minutes after each warm‐up and 3 min after each standardized and tethered swim, a finger‐prick blood sample for lactate ...