cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cerebrovascular physiology in perinates with congenital hydrocephalus

This study investigated changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), autoregulation (AR), and mean CO2 reactivity (CO2r) in nine neonates, who underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion for congenital hydrocephalus. During shunt insertion, a thermal diffusion probe inserted adjacent to the ventricular catheter in the right parietal region recorded rCBF. Changes in rCBF, mean arterial pressure, intracranial pressure (ICP), and expired CO2 tension were recorded before and after removing CSF. Mean baseline rCBF for the entire group was 19.5 mL/100 g/min (range 8.4–44.8), with a mean ICP of 9.9 mmHg (range 4–20). Following CSF removal, the rCBF increased significantly in two patients. Three patients demonstrated AR throughout their studies; one infant showed AR after CSF removal. One infant without AR during shunt insertion showed an increase in rCBF and AR during a revision 5 months later. Baseline CO2r varied considerably but was greater than two in two patients and increased in three other children after CSF removal. Mean follow-up was 23.6 months. One child, with severe developmental delay, died. Death or severe delay was associated with the absence of AR and a negative CO2r in three children. Normal or mild developmental delay was associated with AR and a neutral or positive CO2r in five patients. Baseline levels of rCBF were not associated with developmental prognosis. AR and a positive CO2r were necessary but insufficient factors for normal development. The absence of AR and a negative CO2r were associated with poor prognosis.
Exploring the beliefs surrounding student evaluations of instruction in criminology and criminal justice undergraduate courses

Student evaluations of instructors are given consideration in a number of important decisions concerning instructors such as hiring, merit pay, and in the tenure and promotion process. However, a number of popular beliefs surround the interpretation of these evaluations. Using student evaluations for the three research-oriented universities in the state of Florida as a database, a number of these beliefs are explored. Specifically, the effects of instructor attributes (such as gender, rank and grades) and course characteristics (such as class size, type, number of course meetings, and time of day offered) on the end of the semester student evaluation rankings are discussed.
Chromospheric Emission in Metal-poor Solar-Type Stars

Cool stars like the Sun show chromospheric activity, which is largely attributed to nonradiative sources of energy linked to rotationally driven magnetic fields. However, a nonmagnetic process, such as dissipation of acoustic waves, may operate side by side with the first process. We report detections of chromospheric emission reversals in Mg II 2800 A spectra for nine metal-poor solar-type stars, some believed to be among the oldest stars known, whose great age and slow rotation argue against strong magnetic activity. Although interstellar absorption is always present, in seven stars with high radial velocities each reversal profile is seen to be doubly peaked, with the blue peak stronger than the red, much like such profiles from the quiet Sun. Despite having as little as 1/300th as much metal as the Sun and being 3 times as old, these stars have chromospheric activity comparable to that in solar quiet regions. While these data do not rule out magnetic fields, they support an acoustic origin of chromospheric emission and show that relatively inactive solar-type stars of all ages have chromospheres whose characteristics are largely independent of metallicity.
Immature cell populations and an erythropoiesis gene-expression signature in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: implications for pathogenesis.

Introduction Previous observations suggest that active systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is associated with a prominent erythropoiesis gene-expression signature. The aim of this study was to determine the association of this signature with peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subpopulations and its specificity for sJIA as compared with related conditions.
“Ayiti Cheri”: Cultural Orientation of Early Adolescents in Rural Haiti

Adolescents are an emerging population in Haiti, particularly after the deadly 2010 earthquake. The steady penetration of U.S. culture into this poor, disaster-prone country begs the question, Do today’s adolescents possess a similar fondness for their home country, culture, and traditional family values as did Haitians of old? Or are they more oriented toward U.S. culture? Early adolescents (N = 105, 52% female, M = 12.87 years, SD = .86) in rural Haiti reported their cultural orientation toward Haitian culture and U.S. culture as well as their family obligations beliefs. Findings revealed high Haitian orientation, very high family obligations (boys especially), and very low U.S. orientation, although adolescents who interacted more frequently with U.S. tourists and those who consumed more U.S. fast food had higher U.S. culture orientation. Despite severe challenges, rural Haitian early adolescents demonstrate remarkable allegiance to their home country, culture, and traditional family values.
The effect of microstructure on Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth in solids

The effect that grain size and material processing have on high-strain rate deformation of copper has been assessed through measurements of unstable Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) perturbation growth. The dynamic loading conditions and initial sinusoidal perturbations imposed on the samples are kept constant while the microstructure of the sample material is varied. Different polycrystalline grain-sizes, single-crystal orientations, and strain-hardened samples have all been dynamically tested. The RT perturbation growth is measured by acquiring a time-sequence of radiographs using the Los Alamos National Laboratory Proton Radiography (pRad) Facility. Single-crystal orientation and stain hardening due to material processing are both observed to affect the perturbation growth. However, polycrystalline grain size variations in copper samples do not influence the growth rate under the loading conditions investigated.
Characterization of the α1-adrenergic chronotropic response in neuropeptide Y-treated cardiomyocytes

Abstract The cardiac α 1 -adrenergic chronotropic response changes from stimulatory to inhibitory post-natally. The mature inhibitory response is mediated by the α 1B -adrenoceptor and a pertussis toxin sensitive G protein. In vivo and in vitro studies identify sympathetic innervation as critical for the maturation of this inhibitory response. Additional experiments in a culture model indicate the effect of innervation is dependent on neurally released neuropeptide Y. The present study establishes that the individual signaling elements in the neuropeptide Y induced α 1 -adrenergic cascade are the same as those appearing during normal in vivo development. In addition, the data demonstrate that the effect of neuropeptide Y does not result from activation of the putative cardiac Y 3 neuropeptide Y receptor subtype, since it is reproduced by the peptide fragment neuropeptide Y-(13–36) but not by [Leu 31 , Pro 34 ]neuropeptide Y.
The role of E3 ligases in the ubiquitin-dependent regulation of spermatogenesis☆

The ubiquitination of proteins is a post-translational modification that was first described as a means to target misfolded or unwanted proteins for degradation by the proteasome. It is now appreciated that the ubiquitination of proteins also serves as a mechanism to modify protein function and cellular functions such as protein trafficking, cell signaling, DNA repair, chromatin modifications, cell-cycle progression and cell death. The ubiquitination of proteins occurs through the hierarchal transfer of ubiquitin from an E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme to an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and finally to an E3 ubiquitin ligase that transfers the ubiquitin to its target protein. It is the final E3 ubiquitin ligase that confers the substrate specificity for ubiquitination and is the focus of this review. Spermatogenesis is a complex and highly regulated process by which spermatogonial stem cells undergo mitotic proliferation and expansion of the diploid spermatogonial population, differentiate into spermatocytes and progress through two meiotic divisions to produce haploid spermatids that proceed through a final morphogenesis to generate mature spermatozoa. The ubiquitination of proteins in the cells of the testis occurs in many of the processes required for the progression of mature spermatozoa. Since it is the E3 ubiquitin ligase that recognizes the target protein and provides the specificity and selectivity for ubiquitination, this review highlights known examples of E3 ligases in the testis and the differing roles that they play in maintaining functional spermatogenesis.
Epitaxial growth of InGaN nanowire arrays for light emitting diodes.

Significant synthetic challenges remain for the epitaxial growth of high-quality InGaN across the entire compositional range. One strategy to address these challenges has been to use the nanowire geometry because of its strain relieving properties. Here, we demonstrate the heteroepitaxial growth of InxGa1–xN nanowire arrays (0.06 ≤ x ≤ 0.43) on c-plane sapphire (Al2O3(001)) using a halide chemical vapor deposition (HCVD) technique. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction characterization confirmed the long-range order and epitaxy of vertically oriented nanowires. Structural characterization by transmission electron microscopy showed that single crystalline nanowires were grown in the ⟨002⟩ direction. Optical properties of InGaN nanowire arrays were investigated by absorption and photoluminescence measurements. These measurements show the tunable direct band gap properties of InGaN nanowires into the yellow-orange region of the visible spectrum. To demonstrate the utility of our HCVD method for ...
Pigou’s Law and the proportionality of income and price elasticities of demand

Abstract Pigou’s Law states that, for preferences characterized by additively separable utility and constant marginal utility of income, and goods with a negligible budget share, there is a proportional relationship between the income and uncompensated own-price elasticities of demand, the factor of proportionality being the income elasticity of the marginal utility of income. We derive a general version of Pigou’s Law that relaxes these assumptions. We then show that several published variants of Pigou’s Law are special cases of the general version for the additional restrictions on preferences and budget shares they impose.
Suspensions and Expulsions of Male and Black Students A Study of the Causes of Disproportionality

Black students are suspended far more often than white students. The extent of disproportion depends largely upon school and staff characteristics.
Older Adults and the “One-Size-Fits-All” Medical Home Model

The Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) represents a promising approach to improving U.S. health care delivery. Yet overemphasis on a “one-size-fits-all” PCMH model could alienate specific patient populations such as older adults and result in PCMH-type care that does not meet its potential for all patient groups. This article suggests that better aligning the standard PCMH model to the needs, preferences, and care realities of older adults could increase long-term success of the model. The field of gerontology has an important role to play in achieving this alignment.
Induced fission factors in natural uranium assemblies

Abstract Determination of fission produced 105 Ru from natural uranium systems separately containing carbon and samarium, provided values of the ratio of induced to spontaneous fission as 0.53 and 0.08, respectively. Using reactor pile theory, the R values were calculated and compared for these samples as well as other samples in which the chemical and physical parameters were known. In all cases, except the uranium-samarium system, the experimental R value was significantly larger than the R calculated. This was interpreted as induced fission arising from (α, n) reactions on low Z elements.
An epi-retinal visual prosthesis implementation

Retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration leads to blindness through progressive loss of retinal photoreceptors. This paper describes an epi-retina visual prosthesis intended to provide electrical stimulation of the remaining, post-degenerative retina in order to recover some useful vision. The system includes extraoccular image acquisition and processing, a telemetry link based on inductive coupling, and an implantable neuro-stimulator for retina stimulation.
Religiousness/Spirituality and Subjective Well-Being Among Rural Elderly Whites, African Americans, and Native Americans

SUMMARY Little attention has been paid to subjective well-being among non-White elderly in rural areas where medical resources and financial support are deficient. The present study assessed a rural community sample of 215 elderly comprising 85 Caucasians, 75 African Americans, and 55 Native Americans, to examine roles of spirituality/religiousness on their subjective well-being. This study found ethnic differences in the reliance on religiosity/spirituality and a significant association between dimensions of religiousness/spirituality and subjective well-being among all ethnic rural elderly groups. The results of the study suggest that health providers, social workers, and faith communities need to provide rural elderly with religious and spiritual support in order to enhance their life satisfaction and lessen their emotional distress.
An equation-free approach to analyzing heterogeneous cell population dynamics

We propose a computational approach to modeling the collective dynamics of populations of coupled, heterogeneous biological oscillators. We consider the synchronization of yeast glycolytic oscillators coupled by the membrane exchange of an intracellular metabolite; the heterogeneity consists of a single random parameter, which accounts for glucose influx into each cell. In contrast to Monte Carlo simulations, distributions of intracellular species of these yeast cells are represented by a few leading order generalized Polynomial Chaos (gPC) coefficients, thus reducing the dynamics of an ensemble of oscillators to dynamics of their (typically significantly fewer) representative gPC coefficients. Equation-free (EF) methods are employed to efficiently evolve this coarse description in time and compute the coarse-grained stationary state and/or limit cycle solutions, circumventing the derivation of explicit, closed-form evolution equations. Coarse projective integration and fixed-point algorithms are used to compute collective oscillatory solutions for the cell population and quantify their stability. These techniques are extended to the special case of a “rogue” oscillator; a cell sufficiently different from the rest “escapes” the bulk synchronized behavior and oscillates with a markedly different amplitude. The approach holds promise for accelerating the computer-assisted analysis of detailed models of coupled heterogeneous cell or agent populations.
METEOR: An Enterprise Health Informatics Environment to Support Evidence-Based Medicine

Goal: The aim of this paper is to propose the design and implementation of next-generation enterprise analytics platform developed at the Houston Methodist Hospital (HMH) system to meet the market and regulatory needs of the healthcare industry. Methods: For this goal, we developed an integrated clinical informatics environment, i.e., Methodist environment for translational enhancement and outcomes research (METEOR). The framework of METEOR consists of two components: the enterprise data warehouse (EDW) and a software intelligence and analytics (SIA) layer for enabling a wide range of clinical decision support systems that can be used directly by outcomes researchers and clinical investigators to facilitate data access for the purposes of hypothesis testing, cohort identification, data mining, risk prediction, and clinical research training. Results: Data and usability analysis were performed on METEOR components as a preliminary evaluation, which successfully demonstrated that METEOR addresses significant niches in the clinical informatics area, and provides a powerful means for data integration and efficient access in supporting clinical and translational research. Conclusion: METEOR EDW and informatics applications improved outcomes, enabled coordinated care, and support health analytics and clinical research at HMH. Significance: The twin pressures of cost containment in the healthcare market and new federal regulations and policies have led to the prioritization of the meaningful use of electronic health records in the United States. EDW and SIA layers on top of EDW are becoming an essential strategic tool to healthcare institutions and integrated delivery networks in order to support evidence-based medicine at the enterprise level.
An improved PCM heat storage technology utilizing metal foam

Having a uniform temperature for electronics is part of thermal management in order to avoid hot spots and reduce thermal stresses in electronic systems. In many applications, thermal energy storage is required to receive, store, and subsequently release heat. The major disadvantage of phase change materials (PCMs) is their low thermal conductivities, which drastically slows the phase change process and causes a wide temperature range within PCMs. Metal foams possess thermal conductivities that are an order of magnitude higher than PCMs, and can be imbedded in PCMs. The random internal structure and high porosity of metal foam enhance and accelerate the phase change process without significantly reducing PCMs' heat storage capacity. Unlike traditional PCM systems, the distribution of the foam ligaments in PCMs makes the melting and solidification processes more uniform and less dependent on the location inside PCMs. In this paper, the performance of a PCM combined with aluminum foam storage system is investigated experimentally. Transient temperatures were measured at strategic locations in the PCM-foam matrix to assess the phase change process. The pure PCM was also tested separately to serve as a base case. The results established the significant phase change process enhancements in terms of time and temperature uniformity.
A systematic methodology of material selection with environmental considerations

Increasingly stringent regulations and widely expressed public concerns for the environment highlight the importance of making environmentally oriented decisions in product design. Traditionally, product design has been driven by marketing, economic, engineering, and manufacturing constraints. Until very recently, considerations of the impact that products have on the natural environment have not been included in design decision processes. Products affect the environment at various stages in their life cycle in many ways. Among them is the choice of materials used in the product. The key therefore is to bring environmental concerns into the material selection process. This paper presents a methodology for incorporating environmental considerations in the selection of materials at the design phase. The authors examine the environmental impacts of materials and develop a selection methodology. A case study of material selection in a housing of the electronic device is presented to illustrate their methodology for selecting materials that meet engineering and environmental requirements while maintaining the lowest cost to the manufacturer. >
Anne O'Tate: A tool to support user-driven summarization, drill-down and browsing of PubMed search results

PubMed is designed to provide rapid, comprehensive retrieval of papers that discuss a given topic. However, because PubMed does not organize the search output further, it is difficult for users to grasp an overview of the retrieved literature according to non-topical dimensions, to drill-down to find individual articles relevant to a particular individual's need, or to browse the collection. In this paper, we present Anne O'Tate, a web-based tool that processes articles retrieved from PubMed and displays multiple aspects of the articles to the user, according to pre-defined categories such as the "most important" words found in titles or abstracts; topics; journals; authors; publication years; and affiliations. Clicking on a given item opens a new window that displays all papers that contain that item. One can navigate by drilling down through the categories progressively, e.g., one can first restrict the articles according to author name and then restrict that subset by affiliation. Alternatively, one can expand small sets of articles to display the most closely related articles. We also implemented a novel cluster-by-topic method that generates a concise set of topics covering most of the retrieved articles. Anne O'Tate is an integrated, generic tool for summarization, drill-down and browsing of PubMed search results that accommodates a wide range of biomedical users and needs. It can be accessed at [4]. Peer review and editorial matters for this article were handled by Aaron Cohen.
Evaluating Watershed Experiments through Recursive Residual Analysis

The question of watershed response to changes in land use and land cover has received a great deal of attention in the hydrologic literature. One of the primary tools for quantifying such changes has been the paired watershed approach. In general this approach applies a linear regression analysis to relate water yield from a control watershed to a physiographically similar watershed in close proximity, and to predict changes in yield following treatment. Although much research on paired watershed experiments has focused on quantification of the impacts of land-use and land cover changes on water yield, little attention has been brought to evaluating explicitly the methodology used to quantify such effects. An alternative method is proposed for examining treatment impacts and their duration, through the application of a cumulative recursive residual test of model stability. The results from a paired watershed study of ponderosa pine watersheds in north-central Arizona are analyzed using both a traditional linear regression analysis and a recursive residuals approach. The results suggest that the linear regression approach may fail to account for the true complexity of watershed response to vegetation treatments, by underestimating the interactions of treatment impacts, shifts in climatic drivers, and revegetation rates.
A Comparison of Approaches to Impervious Surface Characterization

Impervious surface estimates derived from different modeling approaches and data types were compared to highly accurate and precise planimetric calibration and validation data. A linear regression model using population density and percent land cover class per unit area produced the most accurate results, with an overall RMSE of 3.2% for the 82 census tracts studied. Two methods using just land cover-based impervious coefficients yielded results with an RMSE of 4.8% and 5.4%, while the subpixel estimates had an RMSE of 5.8% and 7.5%.
Effect of interferon-α on cognitive functioning in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Treatment with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) has been shown to adversely affect cognitive functioning in patients with a variety of medical disorders, but information about the effects of IFN-alpha on cognitive functioning in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of IFN-alpha on neuropsychological test performance in CHC patients. Participants were 30 patients with CHC, 11 who underwent IFN-alpha therapy and 19 who did not. All participants were tested at baseline (i.e., pretreatment) and approximately 6 months later with the Symbol Digit Modalities Test and Trail Making Test. Results revealed that the treatment group performed significantly worse than untreated CHC patients on Part B of the Trail Making Test after approximately 6 months of treatment. No significant group differences were found on Part A of the Trail Making Test or Symbol Digit Modalities Test. Findings suggest that CHC patients undergoing treatment with IFN-alpha may experience reduced abilities to benefit from practice but suffer no decrements in performance after 6 months of treatment. Additional research is needed to replicate these findings and to explore risk factors for susceptibility to IFN-alpha-induced effects.
Electronic Reserves at the University of North Carolina: Milestones and Challenges in Implementing a New Service

ABSTRACT In the summer of 1998, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill conducted a pilot project for electronic reserves using Contec North America's ‘C3’ e-reserve system. This paper discusses how the pilot project was implemented, including equipment required for the system, types of materials placed on reserve, and problems encountered and solved. It also examines the areas that will determine the future of e-reserves at UNC-CH, copyright management, web access, and the incorporation of multi-media and online articles.
Resist Materials and Nanolithography

The work focuses on lithographic processes and materials for sub-50 nm lithography. Lithographic results of polymethyl methacrylates of molecular weights of 50,000, 100,000, 496,000, and 950, 000 are compared. It was found that the molecular weight and developer concentration do not affect smallest linewidth, within experimental error. However, the molecular weight does affect the line-to-line resolution in dense gratings of 40–60 nm in contrast and developer induced swelling. 40 nm period gratings are shown. The work next examines the use of chemically amplified resists for nanofabrication, with a focus on SAL-601. Sub-50 nm lines are defined with latitude of an order of magnitude in dose and a factor of two in post exposure bake time. The results are modeled with a diffusion reaction kinetic model and an approach to optimize resolution and reproducibility is presented. Challenges to attaining the ultimate resolution and line-to-line resolution in polymeric resists include contrast, mechanical stability, swelling, and adhesion. Metal binding self assembled monolayers (SAMs) are presented a class of resists, that circumvent the latter three complications. Work at the Naval Research Laboratory on SAM resists is outlined.
THE RELATIVE GROWTH OF THE THYROID GLAND IN THE BOVINE FETUS1

The nature of thyroid iodine in the postnatal state is fairly well understood. At least 90 per cent of it is organic and almost all of this can be accounted for by two fractions: thyroxine-like and diiodotyrosine- like iodine.3 These two compounds do not exist in the free state in the gland but are combined there with other amino acids to form the characteristic thyroid protein, thyroglobulin. The nature of the iodine in the fetal organism has not been clearly established. To obtain such information, a study of various iodine fractions of the bovine fetal thyroid was undertaken. Data on that phase of the study will be presented in the following paper. The material acquired during these experiments also provided an opportunity for studying the growth of the gland in relation to body weight, body length, and age of the bovine fetus from 62 days to term (278–285 days depending upon breed).
The Educational Reform Rating Rubric: Example of a New Tool for Evaluating Complex School Reform Initiatives

The Educational Reform Rating Rubric is an evaluation tool created to manage, orga- nize, and integrate qualitative and quantitative data collected on school reform programs. The rubric is based on seven key indicators, including collective participa- tion, principal leadership, teacher and instructional quality, parental involvement, student outcomes, project support, and school environment. The Educational Reform Rating Rubric holds promise for effectively and efficiently integrating the complex data that result from real-world school reform evaluations.
Gamma Interferon Triggers Interaction between ICSBP (IRF-8) and TEL, Recruiting the Histone Deacetylase HDAC3 to the Interferon-Responsive Element

ICSBP (IRF-8) is a transcription factor of the IRF family expressed only in the immune system. It is induced in macrophages by gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and contributes to macrophage functions. By interacting with Ets family protein PU.1, ICSBP binds to the IRF/Ets composite element and stimulates transcription. ICSBP binds to another DNA element, the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE), a common target of the IRF family. Limited knowledge as to how ICSBP and other IRF proteins regulate ISRE-dependent transcription in IFN-γ-activated macrophages is available. By mass-spectrometric analysis of ISRE-bound proteins in macrophages, we identified TEL, another Ets member, as a factor recruited to the element in an IFN-γ-dependent manner. In vitro analysis with recombinant proteins indicated that this recruitment is due to a direct interaction between ICSBP and TEL, which is enhanced by the presence of ISRE. Significantly, the interaction with TEL in turn resulted in the recruitment of the histone deacetytase HDAC3 to the ISRE, causing increased repression of IFN-γ-mediated reporter activity through the ISRE. This repression may provide a negative-feedback mechanism operating after the initial transcriptional activation by IFN-γ. By associating with two different Ets family proteins, ICSBP exerts a dual function in IFN-γ-dependent gene regulation in an immune system-specific manner.
Evolution of the Insect Desaturase Gene Family with an Emphasis on Social Hymenoptera

Desaturase genes are essential for biological processes, including lipid metabolism, cell signaling, and membrane fluidity regulation. Insect desaturases are particularly interesting for their role in chemical communication, and potential contribution to speciation, symbioses, and sociality. Here, we describe the acyl-CoA desaturase gene families of 15 insects, with a focus on social Hymenoptera. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that the insect desaturases represent an ancient gene family characterized by eight subfamilies that differ strongly in their degree of conservation and frequency of gene gain and loss. Analyses of genomic organization showed that five of these subfamilies are represented in a highly microsyntenic region conserved across holometabolous insect taxa, indicating an ancestral expansion during early insect evolution. In three subfamilies, ants exhibit particularly large expansions of genes. Despite these expansions, however, selection analyses showed that desaturase genes in all insect lineages are predominantly undergoing strong purifying selection. Finally, for three expanded subfamilies, we show that ants exhibit variation in gene expression between species, and more importantly, between sexes and castes within species. This suggests functional differentiation of these genes and a role in the regulation of reproductive division of labor in ants. The dynamic pattern of gene gain and loss of acyl-CoA desaturases in ants may reflect changes in response to ecological diversification and an increased demand for chemical signal variability. This may provide an example of how gene family expansions can contribute to lineage-specific adaptations through structural and regulatory changes acting in concert to produce new adaptive phenotypes.
Use of the coalition in legislative action

Charles 5. Prigmore, Ph.D., is Professor, School of Social Work, University of Alabama, Uni versity, Alabama. The research on xuhich this article was based was supported by the Research Grants Committee, University of Alabama, Pro ject 614. The relatively scanty literature on the in volvement of social workers in legislative and political activity makes frequent refer ence to the formation and use of coalitions
In The ‘Gray Zone,’ A Doctor Faces Tough Decisions On Infant Resuscitation

A neonatologist must decide whether to revive a premature baby on the borderline of viability.
Polarization of the Pyridine Ring: Highly Functionalized Piperidines from Tungsten−Pyridine Complex

The N-acetylpyridinium complex of {TpW(NO)(PMe3)} undergoes regio- and stereoselective reactions with a broad range of common organic nucleophiles, providing a family of 1,2-dihydropyridine (DHP) complexes of the form TpW(NO)(PMe3)(3,4-η(2)-DHP). The present study explores the elaboration of these systems into novel piperidines. The addition of an acid to the DHP complexes generates highly asymmetric π-allyl complexes that in turn react with a second nucleophile at either C3 or C5. The subsequent oxidative decomplexation of these materials yields several piperidinamides with unconventional substitution patterns.
Liner Layout Optimization for Turbofan Engine Inlet Ducts

Acoustic treatment of turbofan engine inlet ducts is designed to attenuate fan noise especially during the critical ta ke-off and landing phases. However, the extra weight of the acoustic treatment is certainly undesirable. Th e most weight-effective acoustic treatment varies with the specific inlet duc t geometry, the mean flow condition and the noise spectrum. As a result, it is extremely desirable to have an optimum layout of acoustic liners for each specific engine inlet duct design. The current study is an extension of the previously developed noise prediction and optimization system for turbofan engine inlet duct designs. A hybrid method for the noise prediction syst em is adopted: a CAA method for the duct and its near field and a Kirchhoff method for the far field. The liner layout of a fixedamount/area of liner patches is optimized to reduce the noise emission from a turbofan engine inlet duct. A more realistic objective for the optimization is also considered.
Two classes of continuous cell lines established from Syrian hamster 9 day gestation embryos: preneoplastic cells and progenitor cells.

Primary cultures of 9-d-gestation Syrian hamster embryo (E9) cells are distinct from primary cultures of later gestational age in terms of their growth and differentiation. First, primary E9 cell cultures express multiple mesenchymal differentiation lineages (e.g., adipocyte, myoblast) only rarely seen in cultures of 13-d-gestation fetal (F13) cells. Second, although most primary E9 cultures have a limited in vitro proliferative life span and exhibit cellular senescence similar to primary cultures of F13 cells, E9 cultures seem to have higher frequency of escape from senescence and conversion to continuous cell lines compared to F13 cells. Moreover, this frequency can be further increased 4- to 5-fold by continuous exposure of the E9 cells to tumor promoters or epidermal growth factor. Eleven continuous cell lines have been isolated from untreated, promoter-treated, or epidermal growth factor-treated primary E9 cultures. Seven of these are neoplastic or preneoplastic. However, the remaining four do not show any evidence of being in neoplastic progression and three of these continue to express the same differentiated phenotype observed in ther parental primary cell cultures.
Definitive test of the Rh = ct universe using redshift drift

The redshift drift of objects moving in the Hubble flow has been proposed as a powerful model-independent probe of the underlying cosmology. A measurement of the first and second order redshift derivatives appears to be well within the reach of upcoming surveys using ELT-HIRES and the SKA Phase 2 array. Here we show that an unambiguous prediction of the R_h=ct cosmology is zero drift at all redshifts, contrasting sharply with all other models in which the expansion rate is variable. For example, multi-year monitoring of sources at redshift z=5 with the ELT-HIRES is expected to show a velocity shift Delta v = -15 cm/s/yr due to the redshift drift in Planck LCDM, while Delta v=0 cm/s/yr in R_h=ct. With an anticipated ELT-HIRES measurement error of +/-5 cm/s/yr after 5 years, these upcoming redshift drift measurements might therefore be able to differentiate between R_h=ct and Planck LCDM at ~3 sigma, assuming that any possible source evolution is well understood. Such a result would provide the strongest evidence yet in favour of the R_h=ct cosmology. With a 20-year baseline, these observations could favor one of these models over the other at better than 5 sigma.
Muscular work and athletic records

The idea that work or energy is involved in the action of muscles seems self-evident and is embedded in the language we use to describe work itself, e.g., horsepower and foot-pounds of lift. We associate the equivalence of heat with motion, the interconvertibility of all forms of energy, and the first law of thermodynamics with the names of Benjamin Thompson (Count Romford), Joule, Helmholtz, Mayer, and Clausius from an era beginning about 1800.
Multi-Sequence Serial 7-Tesla MRI in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis of the Common Marmoset (S2.005)

Objective: To characterize lesion evolution in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the common marmoset with serial 7-tesla MRI. Background: Primate EAE recapitulates pathophysiological and pathological features of multiple sclerosis (MS). High-field-strength MRI can characterize lesion formation and repair - important components of the long-term clinical course. Methods: 11 adult marmosets were induced with EAE by subcutaneous injection of homogenized human white matter in complete Freund’s adjuvant. Of the 11, 8 were inoculated with human herpesvirus-6, beginning 7 months prior to EAE induction. Coronal T1 and proton-density (PD)-weighted scans (125x125x600 µm) were collected every-other-week at 7-tesla. Image processing included registration to the baseline MRI and normalization of the signal intensity. Lesion number, volume, and average signal intensity were collected at each time point. Results: 10 of 11 marmosets developed focal supratentorial white matter lesions. PD-hyperintense lesion volume on the last MRI ranged from 0.87 mm^3 to 73.5 mm^3, whereas T1-hypointense lesion volume ranged from 0.12 mm^3 to 21.1 mm^3. Time to sacrifice from first lesion appearance was 27 days (SEM=12 days, n=6) when the percentage of PD lesion volume that was T1-hypointense exceeded 10[percnt]; marmosets with <10[percnt] were sacrificed, on average, at 57 days (SEM=28 days, n=4), but the findings did not reach significance (p=0.15). Once the 10[percnt] threshold was reached, no subject dropped below this level. Conclusions: T1-hypointense lesions arise in marmoset EAE, and their presence may suggest a more aggressive disease course. However, it is not yet clear whether the T1-hypointense lesion is a marker of axonal destruction or edema in this model, but future histopathologic examination will help validate the mechanisms at work. Also, ongoing work will test anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents to determine if this finding is reversible, which might suggest a different pathological process than the axonal destruction thought to cause so-called T1-black holes in MS. Disclosure: Dr. Schindler has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sati has nothing to disclose. Dr. Leibovitch has nothing to disclose. Dr. Billioux has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lefeuvre has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jacobson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Silva has nothing to disclose. Dr. Reich has received research support from Vertex Pharmaceuticals.
Self-assembly of polymer-grafted nanoparticles in solvent-free conditions

Grafting of polymer chains onto the surface of spherical nanoparticles leads to a hybrid type of fluid that exhibits properties of both particle suspensions and melts of star polymers–these properties being controlled by the relative dimensions of the grafted polymer chains to the nanoparticle diameter, D, and the number of the number of chains grafted on the nanoparticle surface, f. While polymer-grafted nanoparticles (GNP) of this kind typically have a spherical average shape after grafting even a moderate number of chains, their instantaneous molecular shape can fluctuate significantly due to the deformation of the grafted chains. Both simulations and measurements have previously revealed that these “conformationally polarizable” particles can exhibit self-assembly into large scale polymeric structures in both solution and in polymer melts, and we simulate polymer-grafted nanoparticles with D and temperature (T) variations without a dispersing solvent to better understand the nature of this self-assembly process. We observe a reversible self-assembly into linear and branched dynamic GNP structures, where the extent of the assembly and geometry depend on D and T, and we constructed a map capturing the GNP structural behavior with D and T variations. Since the shape of the GNPs appeared to be correlated with the occurrence of the GNP self-assembly, we quantified the average shape and a measure of shape fluctuations to better understand how molecular shape influences their propensity to self-assemble into different structural forms. Based on this framework, we describe the clustering process of the GNPs as an equilibrium polymerization phenomenon and we calculate the order parameter governing the dynamic clustering behavior of GNPs, the average mass of the clusters, size distribution, and the apparent fractal dimension of the clusters.
Effect of fish meal supplementation on spatial distribution of lipid microdomains and on the lateral mobility of membrane-bound prostaglandin F2α receptors in bovine corpora lutea.

This study examined the effects of fish meal supplementation on spatial distribution of lipid microdomains and lateral mobility of prostaglandin F2α (FP) receptors on cell plasma membranes of the bovine corpus luteum (CL). Beef cows were stratified by BW and randomly assigned to receive a corn gluten meal supplement (n = 4) or fish meal supplement (n = 4) for 60 d to allow incorporation of fish meal-derived omega-3 fatty acids into luteal tissue. Ovaries bearing the CL were surgically removed between days 10 to 12 after estrus corresponding to approximately day 60 of supplementation. A 200-mg sample of luteal tissue was analyzed for fatty acid content using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The remaining tissue was enzymatically digested with collagenase to dissociate individual cells from the tissue. Cells were cultured to determine the effects of dietary supplementation on lipid microdomains and lateral mobility of FP receptors. Luteal tissue collected from fish meal-supplemented cows had increased omega-3 fatty acids content (P < 0.05). Lipid microdomain total fluorescent intensity was decreased in dissociated luteal cells from fish meal-supplemented cows (P < 0.05). Micro and macro diffusion coefficients of FP receptors were greater for cells obtained from fish meal-supplemented cows (P < 0.05). In addition, compartment diameter of domains was larger, whereas resident time was shorter for receptors from cells obtained from fish meal-supplemented cows (P < 0.05). Data indicate that dietary supplementation with fish meal increases omega-3 fatty acid content in luteal tissue causing disruption of lipid microdomains. This disruption leads to increased lateral mobility of the FP receptor, increased compartment sizes, and decreased resident time, which may influence prostaglandin signaling in the bovine CL.
Testimony of Professor Hillary M. Hoffmann, Vermont Law SchoolBefore the U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Natural Resources, Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources, November 15, 2016, Hearing on H.R. 866 and H.R. 1484

This testimony explains how H.R. 866 and H.R. 1484 would result in serious and permanent consequences for our nation’s publicly owned natural resources and for tribal lands and resources. First, H.R. 866 would remove virtually all environmental protections from the hazards of oil and gas extraction on public lands and create inevitable conflicts between surface users that will likely stymie federal and state planning and administration efforts. Second, H.R. 1484 is based on a legally flawed interpretation of the Nevada Enabling Act and overlooks serious potential administrative costs to the state if it were to assume ownership to 45 million acres of federal public lands. The land management scheme this bill contemplates would also result in serious environmental losses for the State of Nevada. Third, both bills would impact Native Americans and Indian Country in specific and potentially devastating ways.
On the Role of the Bounded Lemma in the SDP Formulation of Atomic Norm Problems

In problems involving the optimization of atomic norms, an upper bound on the dual atomic norm often arises as a constraint. For the special case of line spectral estimation, this upper bound on the dual atomic norm reduces to upper-bounding the magnitude response of a finite impulse response filter by a constant. It is well known that this can be rewritten as a semidefinite constraint, leading to an elegant semidefinite programming formulation of the atomic norm minimization problem. This result is a direct consequence of some classical results in system theory, well known for many decades. This is not detailed in the literature on atomic norms, quite understandably, because the emphasis therein is different. In fact, these connections can be found in the book by B. A. Dumitrescu, cited widely in the atomic norm literature. However, they are spread out among many different results and formulations. This letter makes the connection more clear by appealing to one simple result from system theory, thereby making it more transparent to wider audience.
Behavioral development in the first year as shown by forty biographies

The forty most complete biographies of the first year of life have been reduced to tabular form with respect to all items which appear in ten or more of the records. The table which contains the data makes available in compact form to the student of child behavior dated observations of the spontaneous behavior of individual infants. These data are of a sort not easily obtained by present-day research techniques. Shirley’s data are most similar to the present ones, and on comparable items, the biographical medians and Shirley’s medians agree well.
Spatial Autocorrelation and the p-Median Problem

To date, relationships largely have been ignored between spatial autocorrelation latent in some geographic distribution of demand and corresponding solutions to a p-median problem based upon it. A small literature exploits spatial autocorrelation in the geographic distribution of demand having missing values, in order to calculate imputations for the missing values, so that solutions are computable. But this literature fails to address explicit relationships between such solutions and their accompanying latent level of spatial autocorrelation as well as its associated map pattern. The purpose of this chapter is to begin filling this literature gap.
Sequential Actuation of Shape-Memory Polymers through Wavelength-Selective Photothermal Heating of Gold Nanospheres and Nanorods

Photothermal triggering of shape-memory polymers is an appealing noncontact mode of actuation for responsive materials and soft robotics. Wavelength-selective photothermal triggering of shape recovery is reported in thermoplastic polyurethane shape-memory polymers with embedded gold (Au) nanospheres and nanorods. Light-emitting diodes with wavelengths of 530 and 860 nm matched to the surface plasmon resonances drive selective shape recovery. Wavelength-selective shape recovery enables sequential actuation, as demonstrated in a wavelength-controlled stage with optically controlled height and tilt angle using legs of shape-memory-polymer films with embedded Au nanospheres and nanorods.