cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synergistic interaction between interferon‐alpha and interferon‐gamma through induced synthesis of one subunit of the transcription factor ISGF3.

Interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) each induce in susceptible target cells a state of resistance to viral replication and reduced cellular proliferation, presumably through different mechanisms: these two polypeptides are unrelated by primary sequence and act through distinct cell-surface receptors to induce expression of largely non-overlapping sets of genes. However, acting in concert, they can produce synergistic interactions leading to mutual reinforcement of the physiological response. In HeLa cells, this synergistic response was initiated by cooperative induction of IFN alpha stimulated genes (ISGs). These normally quiescent genes were rapidly induced to high rates of transcription following exposure of cells to IFN alpha. Although they were only negligibly responsive to IFN gamma, combined treatment of cells with IFN gamma followed by IFN alpha resulted in an approximately 10-fold increase in ISG transcription. ISG transcription is dependent upon ISGF3, a positive transcription factor specific for a cis-acting regulatory element in ISG promoters. IFN gamma treatment induced increased synthesis of latent ISGF3, which was subsequently activated in response to IFN alpha to form approximately 10-fold higher levels than detected in cells treated with IFN alpha alone. ISGF3 is composed of two distinct polypeptide components, synthesis of one of which was induced by IFN gamma, increasing its cellular abundance from limiting concentrations to a level which allowed formation of at least 10 times as much active ISGF3. Cell lines vary in their constitutive levels of the inducible component of ISGF3 and in the ability of IFNs to increase its synthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On the Scope and Limits of Advance Directives and Prospective Autonomy

In the US, most patients near the end of life die after a decision is taken to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining interventions. The ethical-legal consensus holds that families and healthcare providers called upon to decide on behalf of patients who lack capacity to speak for themselves should seek to determine what patients would choose for themselves and should also act in the patient’s best interests. Grounded in the ethical principle of prospective autonomy, law across the US recognizes the right of competent adults to write advance directives to direct and control healthcare decisions near the end of life, at a time of future decisional incapacity. This chapter discusses key features of advance directives and their scope and limits from both ethical and legal perspectives. Case examples are used to examine common ethical-legal challenges for honouring directives—in particular, dilemmas where it is reasonable to ask, “Although it’s ethical, is it legal?” My primary focus is the healthcare proxy, the preferred and most widely used form of advance directive in the US. Whether advance directives should be understood as binding documents is also considered. I argue that proxy directives should be considered prima facie binding, and that only in the case of the rebel proxy who fails to meet their fiduciary duty to the patient is there good and compelling ethical justification to override patient wishes and proxy authority.
The most amazing window on human nature

Brain diseases are the most cruel natural processes, but they provide an objective view of human nature that reveals the fascinating complexity of our minds. Abnormal electrical activity of the brain can produce sensory or motor epilepsy, or affect areas that produce deep psychological and ecstatic experiences. Neuroscience provides evidence that the mind does not consist in “psychological” processes, but in physical events that take place in the brain. The disintegration of the self produced by several diseases indicates that the Cartesian idea of the self, a physical body with a soul, which was conceived as a homogeneous supernatural substance, is unjustified. The success of psychoactive drugs in treating emotional and behavioral abnormalities also shows that emotions and behavior are physical processes.
LibPM: Simplifying Application Usage of Persistent Memory

Persistent Memory devices present properties that are uniquely different from prior technologies for which applications have been built. Unfortunately, the conventional approach to building applications fail to either efficiently utilize these new devices or provide programmers a seamless development experience. We have built LibPM, a Persistent Memory Library that implements an easy-to-use container abstraction for consuming PM. LibPM’s containers are data hosting units that can store arbitrarily complex data types while preserving their integrity and consistency. Consequently, LibPM’s containers provide a generic interface to applications, allowing applications to store and manipulate arbitrarily structured data with strong durability and consistency properties, all without having to navigate all the myriad pitfalls of programming PM directly. By providing a simple and high-performing transactional update mechanism, LibPM allows applications to manipulate persistent data at the speed of memory. The container abstraction and automatic persistent data discovery mechanisms within LibPM also simplify porting legacy applications to PM. From a performance perspective, LibPM closely matches and often exceeds the performance of state-of-the-art application libraries for PM. For instance, LibPM ’s performance is 195× better for write intensive workloads and 2.6× better for read intensive workloads when compared with the state-of-the-art Pmem.IO persistent memory library.
TAKOTSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR THROMBUS AND STROKE IN A MAN WITH NO TRIGGER: A VERY RARE CONSTELLATION

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is acute left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in absence of ischemic injury usually triggered by intense emotion or physical stress. Typical patients are mid-age or elderly women who develop chest pain and infarction after emotional stress. Echo shows a classic pattern of
Makerspace Involvement and Academic Success in Mechanical Engineering

This Full Research paper presents a study to determine the correlations between student involvement in an academic makerspace and academic achievement as measured by GPA. University makerspaces are open environments designed to encourage creative collaborations and innovative exploration by providing students access to a variety of machines and tools typically focused on rapid prototyping. In aneffort to understand the benefits these spaces in academia, there have been several studies on their founding and facilitation; however, there is a lack of data-driven studies of student involvement and the impact of makerspace use on student development.This paper presents preliminary results from an investigation to so show the impact of involvement in an academic makerspace on GPA. By measuring cohorts of students at different stages in the mechanical engineering curriculum, correlations are made between the level ofinvolvement in makerspaces and GPA. The results indicate that students who use the space to build and create, either by choice or for a course requirement, have been shown to have a higher average in-major GPA thanstudents who do not use the space. These findings and more encourage the further exploration of the impact of makerspaces through both quantitative and qualitative methods.
The Boca-Cobeli-Zaharescu Map Analogue for the Hecke Triangle Groups $G_q$

The Farey sequence $\mathcal{F}(Q)$ at level $Q$ is the sequence of irreducible fractions in $[0, 1]$ with denominators not exceeding $Q$, arranged in increasing order of magnitude. A simple ``next-term'' algorithm exists for generating the elements of $\mathcal{F}(Q)$ in increasing or decreasing order. That algorithm, along with a number of other properties of the Farey sequence, was encoded by F. Boca, C. Cobeli, and A. Zaharescu into what is now known as the Boca-Cobeli-Zaharescu (BCZ) map, and used to attack several problems that can be described using the statistics of subsets of the Farey sequence. In this paper, we derive the Boca-Cobeli-Zaharescu map analogue for the discrete orbits $\Lambda_q = G_q(1, 0)^T$ of the linear action of the Hecke triangle groups $G_q$ on the plane $\mathbb{R}^2$ starting with a Stern-Brocot tree analogue for the said orbits. We derive the next-term algorithm for generating the elements of $\Lambda_q$ in vertical strips in increasing order of slope, and present a number of applications to the statistics of $\Lambda_q$.
Impact of short-term low-dose tamoxifen on molecular breast imaging background parenchymal uptake: a pilot study

High background parenchymal uptake (BPU) on molecular breast imaging (MBI) has been identified as a breast cancer risk factor. We explored the feasibility of offering a short-term intervention of low-dose oral tamoxifen to women with high BPU and examined whether this intervention would reduce BPU. Women with a history of high BPU and no breast cancer history were invited to the study. Participants had an MBI exam, followed by 30 days of low-dose oral tamoxifen at either 5 mg or 10 mg/day, and a post-tamoxifen MBI exam. BPU on pre- and post-tamoxifen MBI exams was quantitatively assessed as the ratio of average counts in breast fibroglandular tissue vs. average counts in subcutaneous fat. Pre-tamoxifen and post-tamoxifen BPU were compared with paired t tests. Of 47 women invited, 22 enrolled and 21 completed the study (10 taking 5 mg tamoxifen, 11 taking 10 mg tamoxifen). Mean age was 47.7 years (range 41–56 years). After 30 days low-dose tamoxifen, 8 of 21 women (38%) showed a decline in BPU, defined as a decrease from the pre-tamoxifen MBI of at least 15%; 11 of 21 (52%) had no change in BPU (within ± 15%); 2 of 21 (10%) had an increase in BPU of greater than 15%. Overall, the average post-tamoxifen BPU was not significantly different from pre-tamoxifen BPU (1.34 post vs. 1.43 pre, p = 0.11). However, among women taking 10 mg tamoxifen, 5 of 11 (45%) showed a decline in BPU; average BPU was 1.19 post-tamoxifen vs. 1.34 pre-tamoxifen (p = 0.005). In women taking 5 mg tamoxifen, 2 of 10 (20%) showed a decline in BPU; average BPU was 1.51 post-tamoxifen vs.1.53 pre-tamoxifen (p = 0.99). Short-term intervention with low-dose tamoxifen may reduce high BPU on MBI for some patients. Our preliminary findings suggest that 10 mg tamoxifen per day may be more effective than 5 mg for inducing declines in BPU within 30 days. Given the variability in BPU response to tamoxifen observed among study participants, future study is warranted to determine if BPU response could predict the effectiveness of tamoxifen for breast cancer risk reduction within an individual. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02979301 . Registered 01 December 2016.
Opinion: Is Twitter a New Way to Learn?

This edition of JIS reports on the value of harnessing social media for general surgical training and education [1]. The project’s focus on Twitter is pragmatic because survey studies indicate that...
Examining the boundaries between ICD-11 PTSD/CPTSD and depression and anxiety symptoms: A network analysis perspective.

Abstract Background Two newly identified sibling disorders – ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD – have been well validated in the last few years. Although these trauma-related disorders are suggested to be neatly separated from depression and anxiety, no study has used a network analysis to examine those definitions’ construct validity when they also interplay with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Additionally, no research has focused upon the specific boundaries between these four disorders’ symptoms, the bridges between them, and the ways they influence each other among clinical populations. Methods A sample of 234 men drawn randomly from a national sample of 1,600 Jewish men receiving treatment for domestic violence in Israel completed the ICD-11 International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Results The ICD-11 CPTSD, depression and anxiety clustering network results revealed, within the EGA, a four-cluster solution in which PTSD and CPTSD symptoms are differentiated from two other distinct clusters of anxiety and depression symptoms. Feelings of worthlessness and avoiding internal reminders of the experience were the most central symptoms. Limitations Due to the use of a cross-sectional design, causal interpretation of the network correlation between symptoms should be made cautiously. Conclusions These findings strengthen the approach that ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD have a distinct construct; however, they also reflect a strong positive connection to anxiety and depression symptoms and no clear boundaries between disorders. Specifically, dysphoria/avoidance-related symptoms act as a bridge between the disorders, which may be important targets for specific assessments and related interventions.
Demonstration of Reliable High-Rate Optical Communication over an Atmospheric Link using ARQ

Optical communication systems for satellites in low-Earth orbit are capable of offloading large quantities of sensor data, on the order of terabytes per pass, to a ground terminal or network of ground terminals. NASA plans to demonstrate this capability with the Terabyte Infrared Delivery (TBIRD) program, which leverages fiber-telecom transceivers to burst data down to ground at 200 Gbps during short passes. The cornerstone of the TBIRD architecture is the use of commercial off-the-shelf transceivers, which perform well in fiber channels but do not guarantee reliable communication in space-to-ground atmospheric channels. To address this deficiency, we have built an Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) system on top of the transceivers that enables high-rate error-free communication over fading channels of interest. The ARQ system implements the digital logic required to process custom data frames and uses a low-rate feedback link for frame retransmission requests. To validate the system, we have operated over a several-kilometer atmospheric link. We have successfully demonstrated error-free communication at data rates close to 100 Gbps in a variety of atmospheric fading conditions.
An artificial skeletal muscle for use in pediatric rehabilitation robotics

Abstract Due to variety in soft actuator technology, choosing the suitable actuator for a specific application is nontrivial. To the best of our knowledge, there are no recent studies that compared the capabilities of existing soft actuators in powering exoskeletons. Therefore we compared five soft actuator candidates that can be deployed in exoskeleton applications. The inclusion criteria were softness, acoustically noiseless operation, and demonstrated ability to lift a tensile load equal or greater than the weight of the forearm and hand of a hypothetical 95th percentile, 2-year old boy (3.38 N). Accordingly, two thermally driven actuators, coiled nylon fiber (CNF), and ethanol-based phase-change (EPC); and three electroactive polymer actuators, plasticized poly vinyl chloride (PVC) gel; a stacked dielectric elastomer (DE) actuator; and a hydraulically amplified self-healing electrostatic (HASEL) actuator, were chosen for comparison. These actuators were compared in their stress, unidirectional strain, strain-rate, power-to-mass ratio, and efficiency. The stacked DE actuator with reported force of 32 N, unidirectional strain of 18%, strain-rate of 500%/s, and efficiency of ~28%, showed the closest resemblance to mammalian skeletal muscle. Thus a commercially available stacked DE actuator was chosen as the most applicable soft actuator technology for pediatric rehabilitation robots.
Feasibility of wide detector three-pass arterial phase liver CT in patients with cirrhosis: timing of hyperenhancing lesion peak conspicuity

To evaluate feasibility of a wide detector liver CT protocol with three acquisitions in the hepatic arterial phase. Forty-one patients with cirrhosis prospectively underwent a wide detector axial liver CT protocol. Three 16 cm axial liver acquisitions were obtained during a single breath hold at peak aortic enhancement plus 10, 20, and 25 s. Two readers working separately scored overall exam quality, identified hyperenhancing lesions, and subjectively scored and ranked relative lesion conspicuity. Objective lesion enhancement was measured and CNR calculated. Data were analyzed using a generalized linear models and Tukey’s post hoc testing. Seventy-one hyperenhancing lesions were identified with average size of 1.8 cm (range 0.4–9.6 cm). The two readers separately identified 60 and 54 lesions on the 10 s arterial acquisition, 70 and 67 on the 20 s, and 52 and 51 on the 25 s. The readers determined all exams had diagnostic image quality. Subjective ranking of lesion conspicuity was greatest at 20 s in 62% of lesions but was greatest at 10 or 25 s in 38%. CNR was highest at 20 s in 58% of lesions but was highest at 10 or 25 s in 42%. Overall, there was no significant difference in mean CNR between the three arterial acquisitions. A wide detector axial liver CT protocol with three acquisitions in the hepatic arterial phase is technologically feasible and results in diagnostic image quality. With this protocol, peak subjective and objective hyperenhancing lesion conspicuity may be earlier or later than 20 s in up to 40% of lesions.
Utilization of carbon compounds byFusarium Solani F.Aurantifoliae Bhat. and Prasad

The two isolates ofFusarium solani f.aurantifoliae responsible for lime twig disease were found to utilise carbon from a wide variety of compounds. In general, monosaccharides proved to be better than other sources tested for growth and sporulation though maltose exhibited best growth.
Spontaneous Pneumothorax: Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis.

Abstract Spontaneous pneumothorax, which may have an acute or insidious onset in dogs and cats, results in respiratory difficulty and has the potential to be life threatening. 1 , 2 , 3 Dogs commonly develop spontaneous pneumothorax due to bullae or blebs, while cats typically have underlying inflammatory disease, like feline allergic airway disease. Urgent therapeutic intervention is essential in animals with respiratory distress. The recommended therapeutic strategies are typically different in each of these species due to underlying etiology. The first part of this review article will focus on physiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs and cats. Advances in diagnostics, especially the recent utility of point of care ultrasound, will be discussed. The second part of the series will provide an overview of therapeutic options and management of patients with spontaneous pneumothorax, as well as information on prognosis.
Debris-stimulated tumor growth: a Pandora’s box?

Current cancer therapies aim at eradicating cancer cells from the body. However, killing cells generates cell "debris" which can promote tumor progression. Thus, therapy can be a double-edged sword. Specifically, injury and debris generated by cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, may offset their benefit by promoting the secretion of pro-tumorigenic factors (e.g., eicosanoid-driven cytokines) that stimulate regrowth and metastasis of surviving cells. The debris produced by cytotoxic cancer therapy can also contribute to a tumor microenvironment that promotes tumor progression and recurrence. Although not well understood, several molecular mechanisms have been implicated in debris-stimulated tumor growth that we review here, such as the involvement of extracellular vesicles, exosomal miR-194-5p, Bax, Bak, Smac, HMGB1, cytokines, and caspase-3. We discuss the cases of pancreatic and other cancer types where debris promotes postoperative tumor recurrence and metastasis, thus offering a new opportunity to prevent cancer progression intrinsically linked to treatment by stimulating resolution of tumor-promoting debris.
Modeling the workflow of one primary care physician-nurse team

Primary care has been identified as a vital part of the healthcare system in the U.S., and one that operates in a challenging, unique environment. Primary care sees a wide variety of patients and is undergoing a series of major transformations simultaneously. As a result, primary care would greatly benefit from a systemic approach to the analysis of its workflows. Discrete-event simulation has been identified as a good tool to evaluate complex healthcare systems. The existing primary care DES models focus on the physician. Also, those models are limited in (a) their usefulness to produce generic models that can easily and quickly be customized and (b) the analysis of the specific tasks performed to treat a patient. Hence, a research idea was developed to address these limitations, which led to a progressive multi-part study developing the necessary components to model a primary clinic. The study was constructed to allow each progressive study to build on the previous. The first part of the study developed a new approach to address those limitations: modeling a primary care clinic from the viewpoint that the physician is the entity that moves through the system. This approach was implemented based on observational data and a standardized primary care physician task list using ARENA© simulation software. The completed model is evidence-based, with the simulation producing predictions and analysis associated with a given patient visit that has not happened by mimicking reality. The benefits of this type of flexible model are that it allows for analysis of any type of “cost” that can be quantified, and it can then be utilized for predicting and potentially subsequently reducing procedural errors and variation in order to increase operational efficiency. The second part of the study was to develop a standardized primary care nurse task list, which is needed given the current transformation of primary care from a doctor-based model to a team-based model. A comprehensive, validated list of tasks occurring during clinic visits was complied from a secondary data analysis. For this, primary care clinics in Wisconsin were selected from a pre-existing study based on 100% participation of the physician-nurse teams. The final task list had 18 major tasks and 174 second-level subtasks, with 103 additional third-level tasks. This task list, combined with the primary care physician task list, provides a tool set that facilitates clinics’ analysis of the workflow associated with a complete patient encounter. Finally, the third part of the study used observational data, the standardized primary care nurse task list, and a similar modeling methodology to the first part to develop a simulation model of the primary care nurse. The model was implemented using ARENA© simulation software. This model is flexible, resulting in an easily-customizable model, and robust in that it allows the analysis of any type of “cost” that can be quantified, such as time, physical or mental resources, money, et cetera. This can potentially be used to predict,…
Influence of estuarine sediment on virus survival under field conditions.

Abstract The survival of poliovirus 1 (LSc) and echovirus 1 (Farouk) in estuarine water and sediment was studied in Galveston Bay, Texas. Viruses were suspended in estuarine water and sediment both in dialysis tubing and in chambers constructed with polycarbonate membrane walls. Virus inactivation rates in seawater were similar in both types of chambers. Virus adsorption to sediment greatly increased survival time. The time required to inactivate 99% (T-99) of poliovirus increased from 1.4 days in seawater alone to 6.0 days for virus adsorbed to sediment at a relatively nonpolluted site. At a more polluted site, poliovirus T-99 was increased from approximately 1 h to 4925 days by virus adsorption to sediment. This study demonstrates that under field conditions virus association with estuarine sediment acts to prolong its survival in the marine environment.
The child support obligation, non-custodial parental income and compliance : Data collection strategies

Abstract Enforcing child support obligations has always been a key component to welfare policy. With an increased emphasis on personal responsibility, child support enforcement will take a more central role as states plan to reduce welfare spending by enforcing child support obligations. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how survey research, in particular mail surveys, can be used as an evaluation strategy to provide information about a given caseload and their ability to pay. Based on a state-wide survey conducted in Texas the author proposes that income information can be coaxed from parents and that researchers can use this information to measure discrepancies of income, order size, and payment. Equitability of AFDC and non-AFDC caseloads, enforcement and compliance issues are discussed.
Regulation of tyrosine aminotransferase in rat liver. X. Characterization and interconversion of the multiple enzyme forms.

Abstract Three forms of cytoplasmic tyrosine aminotransferase (l-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.5) were separated and purified from rat liver by the use of CM-Sephadex chromatography. The three forms chromatographed as a single band on Sepharose gel filtration, were each approximately half-saturated with coenzyme, and were denaturated at identical rates at 75°. These findings, together with the demonstration that the enzyme forms are immunologically identical on gel diffusion analysis, indicate that the three forms are neither the result of aggregation nor the products of multiple genes. When aminotransferase synthesis was induced with hydrocortisone, insulin, or dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, the fraction designated as form I was predominant; the various hormonal inducers do not induce synthesis of different forms of the enzyme. The relative proportions of the three forms changed markedly during the hydrocortisone induction cycle, with form I predominant in the early, synthetic phase and form III predominant in the degradative phase. Polysome-bound aminotransferase was 95% form I. These findings suggest that form I may be the immediate product of enzyme synthesis, and that forms II and III arise from post-translational modification of form I. In vivo labeling with isotopic amino acids indicated rapid interconversion of the three forms. Conversion in vitro of forms II and III to form I could be accomplished in soluble liver extracts, and conversion of form I to forms II and III was observed in liver homogenates supplemented with potassium cyanate. A role of the post-translational modification, perhaps involving carbamylation, in turnover of the enzyme is suggested.
Chemoattractant-stimulated GTPase activity is decreased on membranes from polymorphonuclear leukocytes incubated in chemoattractant.

Abstract Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMNs, incubated in a chemoattractant undergo a time-dependent decrease in responsiveness to the chemoattractant; i.e. they desensitize or adapt. We have examined the role of ligand-induced changes at early steps in signal transduction for adaptation of PMNs to chemoattractants. The chemoattractant stimulation of a pertussis toxin-sensitive GTPase activity on PMN membranes was used as an assay of signal transduction. We find a decreased basal GTPase activity and a decrease in the ability of N-formylnorleucylleucylphenylalanine (FN-LLP) to stimulate this activity on membranes prepared from PMNs incubated with the chemotactic peptide FNLLP. The basal GTPase activity is decreased by up to 70% and the peptide-stimulated GTPase activity by up to 95% on membranes from PMNs incubated for 20 min at 37 degrees C in 10(-7) M FNLLP. The decrease in peptide-stimulated GTPase activity cannot be accounted for by the decreased number of FNLLP receptors on the membranes. Rather, receptors that remain available for binding stimulate the GTPase activity with a decreased efficiency. The ligand-induced change in GTPase activity is not stimulus specific. GTPase activity stimulated by both C5a and LTB4 was decreased on membranes from PMNs incubated in FNLLP. The decrease in chemoattractant-stimulated GTPase activity is partially reversed if cells are subsequently incubated at 37 degrees C in the absence of peptide prior to membrane preparation. We detected no quantitative or qualitative change in either pertussis toxin substrates or immunoreactive G proteins when membranes from control and FNLLP-treated cells were compared.
Outside Dupin's Closet of Reason: (Homo)sexual Repression and Racialized Terror in Poe's "The Murders in the Rue Morgue"

Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Murders in the Rue Morgue,” the first of his selftermed “ratiocinative tales,” has long been credited with originating the genre of detective fiction. Like many sui generis works and perhaps with particular occasion because of Poe’s preoccupation with the method of fiction writing, “Rue Morgue” begins with a self-reflexive discussion of its own method. Rather than opening by delving into a crime in medias res or exploring the remains of a crime scene like its contemporary descendants, “Rue Morgue” begins with a meditation on the method of analysis that will become a significant feature of the genre.1 Poe’s insistence that we discourse with him about analytic method as well as the slippage between authorial and narratorial voice he writes into the tale’s beginning, I suggest, is pivotal to a more significant and overlooked feature of the work—that is, how its production of mystery, largely dependent on an interpellated participatory reader,2 denies the tale a stable resolution. Despite the offered resolution of both crime and narrative, the central terror for the shrewd reader of “Rue Morgue” is that the text remains unresolved or, perhaps, unsettled. Juxtaposing narrative to counternarrative and even pitting clue against clew, for the participatory reader the narrative is indeterminate despite its resolution. As the tale alternately aligns the analyses by reader, writer, narrator, and Dupin with or against each other, indeterminacy becomes the tale’s raison d’etre, its manner of producing mystery and evoking terror. Even Poe’s resolution of his opening discourse on analysis— that “it will be found, in fact, that the ingenious are always fanciful, and the truly imaginative never otherwise than analytic”—gives primacy to fancy and imagination as a condition of analytic thought (PT, 400). In this way, from the tale’s outset, Poe’s focus on the analytic process draws the reader’s attention not to the crime, not to the resolution, but to the act of analysis—to the reader’s
Cadherin Cell Adhesion Molecules in Differentiation and Embryogenesis

The cadherin gene superfamily of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules contains more than 40 members. We summarize functions attributed to these proteins, especially their roles in cellular differentiation and embryogenesis. We also describe hierarchies of protein-protein interactions between cadherins and cadherin-associated proteins (catenins). Several signal transduction pathways converge on, and diverge from, the cadherin/catenin complex to regulate its function; we speculate on roles of these signaling processes for cell structure and function. This review provides a framework for interpretation of developmental functions of cadherin cell adhesion molecules.
El discurso antiesclavista en la Autobiografía (1840) de Juan Francisco Manzano (1797-1853)

La literatura antiesclavista en Cuba tuvo su mayor auge en la primera mitad del siglo XIX con la labor del llamado “circulo delmontino” liderado por el escritor y abogado progresista, Domingo del Monte. A este grupo se adhirieron pensadores liberales provenientes en su mayoria de la burguesia criolla que contribuyeron a crear un programa abolicionista y emancipador decisivo para la liberacion total de los esclavos cubanos en 1886. Varias fueron las obras de corte antiesclavista que a peticion de Del Monte fueron redactadas por escritores de la isla que frecuentaban dicho circulo. Entre las mas tempranas figuran la famosa novela de Anselmo Suarez y Romero, Francisco , escrita en 1839 y publicada en 1880; las Escenas de la vida privada en la isla de Cuba que Felix Tanco y Bosmeniel escribio en 1838 y que vieron la luz por primera en 1925; y la Autobiografia que Juan Francisco Manzano redacto en 1835 y que para 1840 fue traducida al ingles e impresa en Gran Bretana (Luis, Literary Bondage 1 ). Estas y otras obras de artistas asiduos al circulo delmontino, al igual que la novela Sab de la escritora Gertrudis Gomez de Avellaneda, redactada entre 1836 y 1839 y publicada en Madrid en 1841 (Servera 46), presentan un contradiscurso subversivo hacia las normas establecidas por la Corona espanola, que por estas fechas empezaba a desmoronarse.
Electromagnetic compatibility of power wheelchairs

Electric powered wheelchairs may be susceptible to electromagnetic interference from emissions present in the ambient environment. The proliferation of personal communication devices and radio communication have increased the ambient level of electromagnetic energy. Power wheelchairs use a variety of control input devices, wiring looms, and controllers which may be influenced by electromagnetic interference. The user may be placed at risk if the wheelchair behaves erratically in some circumstances. Methods can be applied to measure susceptibility to electromagnetic interference and reduce adverse affects. >
Economy “versus” Environment: The Influence of Economic Ideology and Political Identity on Perceived Threat of Eco-Catastrophe

Using data from a national survey of American adults, we examine the relationships between economic, political, sociodemographic, and religious characteristics with perception of the potential for eco-catastrophe. We employ the treadmill of production theory to frame our understanding of views about ecological concerns, arguing that the treadmill discourse associated with economic development is hegemonic and fundamentally shapes public views of eco-catastrophe. In line with this approach, economic ideology is the strongest predictor of attitudes about eco-catastrophe, and its influence is conditioned by political identity. There is also significant patterning in these perceptions based on gender, race, education, and religion, but the influence of social characteristics is primarily indirect—mediated by economic ideology and political identity. These results provide useful information for addressing environmental problems in public discourse and bridging policy divides.
Portable solar power: Mobile elemental power plant II

The design of portable power utilizing renewable energy sources has been instrumental in getting power to remote locations around the world. The Mobile Elemental Power Plant II is a small scale, off-grid, battery-based, portable system. It uses solar energy to provide 3000W of AC power from a battery bank, sustained by a 2160W array. The MEPP II is a self contained, towable system that can be quickly setup or torn down. The usefulness of MEPP II extends to remote medical sites, disaster relief locations, humanitarian projects, military applications, and rescue missions. The Engineering Technology department at Weber State University is using the various MEPP projects as instructional tools and for student capstone research projects.
An abstract view on modularity in knowledge representation

Modularity is an essential aspect of knowledge representation theory and practice. It has received substantial attention. We introduce model-based modular systems, an abstract framework for modular knowledge representation formalisms, similar in scope to multi-context systems but employing a simpler information-flow mechanism. We establish the precise relationship between the two frameworks, showing that they can simulate each other. We demonstrate that recently introduced modular knowledge representation formalisms integrating logic programming with satisfiability and, more generally, with constraint satisfaction can be cast as modular systems in our sense. These results show that our formalism offers a simple unifying framework for studies of modularity in knowledge representation.
Spiritual and Sexual Identity: Exploring Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Clients’ Perspectives of Counseling

Although religious and spiritual issues have emerged as areas of focus in counseling, very few scholars have explored the meaning and experiences of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) clients who addressed their sexual and religious/spiritual identities in counseling. Using consensual qualitative research (CQR; Hill, 2012), the current study explores the perspectives of 12 LGB persons who sought counseling that involved religious/spiritual concerns. Four themes in participant interviews are identified, including (a) self-acceptance, (b) goals of counseling, (c) identification with counselor, and (d) counseling environment and relationship. Implications of findings for the counseling field are discussed.
2014 JGSMS Best Paper and Reviewer Awards

I am happy to announce the Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science (JGSMS) Best Paper awards and Best Reviewer Awards for 2014. The Best Paper Award recognizes the best empirical research p...
Effects of age on left ventricular dimensions and filling dynamics in 117 normal persons.

Objective To determine standard left ventricular Doppler measurements in a large reference group of various ages to reflect the senescence process. Design We prospectively studied the influence of aging on left ventricular diastolic filling by performing Doppler echocardiography in 117 normal healthy volunteers. Material and Methods Transthoracic pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiographic studies of pulmonary venous flow and left ventricular inflow were done in the 53 male and 64 female study subjects. For analysis, the study subjects were arbitrarily classified into two groups: those younger than 50 years of age (group 1; N=61) and those 50 years old or older (group 2; N=56). Results A striking difference was found in pulmonary venous flow and left ventricular inflow between group 1 and group 2 subjects. Group 2 had increased pulmonary venous peak systolic flow velocity (71 ± 9 versus 48 ± 9 cm/s), decreased peak diastolic flow velocity (38 ± 9 versus 50 ± 10 cm/s), increased peak atrial reversal flow velocity (23 ± 4 versus 19 ± 4 cm/s), and increased percentage of forward flow in systole (65 ± 7 versus 55 ± 8%) in comparison with group 1. In group 2, peak early filling velocity (62 ± 14 versus 72 ± 14 cm/s) and ratio of early filling to atrial filling (1.1 ± 0.3 versus 1.9 ± 0.6) were lower and peak atrial filling velocity (59 ± 14 versus 40 ± 10 cm/s) was higher than in group 1. Deceleration time (210 ± 36 versus 179 ± 20 ms) and isovolumic relaxation time (90 ± 17 versus 76 ± 11 ms) were prolonged in group 2 in comparison with group 1. Conclusion This study confirms the major influence of the aging process on left ventricular diastolic function in a large series of normal subjects. This physiologic factor should be considered in Doppler assessment of left ventricular diastolic filling in future studies.
Challenges and opportunities in nanomanufacturing

Nanomanufacturing is the fabrication of materials and components with nanoscale features and resolution and their integration into useful engineered systems. Through the precise control of materials and processes at the nanoscale, new features, functional capabilities, and properties, controlled by physics at the nanoscale, may be realized. The challenges for nanomanufacturing are achieving the desired functionality, product quality, process repeatability, production scalability and cost affordability. The ONR Manufacturing Science Program is meeting these challenges though basic research in nano-scale direct digital manufacturing, massively parallel nanoscale processing, and high-throughput (e.g., roll-to-roll) nanofabrication that encourages system-level integration. These concepts along with research examples will be described.
Exploration of phobic behavior in a small child

Abstract Behavioral assessment is an area receiving ever increasing attention. In the present manuscript an attempt is made to expand the ways in which one problem area frequently addressed by behavior therapist, phobias, is assessed and evaluated. A number of overt behaviors and self reports of fear by a very young girl are described in a naturalistic setting and the implications of these data are presented.
THE INDUCTION OF AN ATP-ENERGIZED MITOCHONDRIAL VOLUME CHANGE BY THE COMBINATION OF THE -S-S-COMPOUND GLIOTOXIN WITH EITHER A RESPIRATORY INHIBITOR OR AN UNCOUPLING AGENT

When the -S-S- compound ELLMAN'S reagent was combined either with the respiratory inhibitor antimycin or the uncoupling agent 2, 4-dinitrophenol an ATP-energized mitochondrial volume change was induced. Thus ELLMAN'S reagent behaved as an electrophilic thiol reagent analogous to showdomycin and N-ethylmaleimide. These results encouraged the search for possible reactions between the pivotal mitochondrial thiol group and biologically important substances which contain the -S-S- grouping even though older reports in the literature of the induction of mitochondrial swelling by biologically important -S-S- compounds were recently discounted.
Retrospective recall of affect in clinically depressed individuals and controls

The current study examined the nature of retrospective recall of affect in depressed participants and nonclinical controls. Utilising the Experience Sampling Method, we compared average momentary affect reports to retrospective summaries of the same period of time. Both groups exhibited exaggerated retrospective summaries of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). Greater bias for PA than NA was found in the controls but not the depressed. Across groups, depressed individuals exhibited more absolute inaccuracy in their recall of NA but not PA. For depressed and nonclinical individuals, retrospective summaries of PA were better predicted by an average of all weekly momentary PA than a combination of the most intense (“peak”) PA and most recent (“end”) PA experiences. For nonclinical participants, retrospective NA was better predicted by an average of all weekly momentary NA. For depressed individuals, however, no clear advantage to predicting retrospective NA by average weekly NA relative to a combi...
Velocity gradients at the wall for flow around a cylinder for Reynolds numbers between 60 and 360

This paper shows how electrochemical techniques can be used in studies of flow around solid objects to measure the velocity gradient at the solid boundary. The method holds the advantages that it is not necessary to calibrate and that the test element is easy to fabricate. A study of the distribution of the wall velocity gradient around a cylinder of 1 in. diameter indicates that boundary-layer theory correctly predicts the measurements between the front stagnation point and the separation for Reynolds number, R , greater than 150. The wall velocity gradients in the wake are much smaller than in the front part of the cylinder and they reveal a minimum which is quite close to the separation point.
Monitoring the growth of polyoxomolybdate nanoparticles in suspension by flow field-flow fractionation.

We follow the evolution of polyoxomolybdate nanoparticles in suspensions derived from the keplerate (NH4)42[MoVI72MoV60O372(CH3CO2)30(H2O)72]·ca.·300H2O·ca.·10CH3CO2NH4 ({Mo132}) by flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF) to monitor the particle-size distribution in situ, atomic force and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (AFM, SEM, and HRTEM) to confirm particle sizes, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) to determine the Mo content of the FlFFF-separated fractions, and UV/visible spectroscopy to confirm the identity of the species in suspension. We observe the formation of 3−75-nm polyoxomolybdate particles in suspension and the dynamic growth of {Mo132} crystals.
0.2- mu m gate-length atomic-planar doped pseudomorphic Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As/In/sub 0.25/Ga/sub 0.75/As MODFETs with f/sub T/ over 120 GHz

The authors report the DC and RF performance of nominally 0.2- mu m-gate length atomic-planar doped pseudomorphic Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As/In/sub 0.25/Ga/sub 0.75/As modulation-doped field-effect transistors (MODFETs) with f/sub T/ over 120 GHz. The devices exhibit a maximum two-dimensional electron gas (2 DEG) sheet density of 2.4*10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2/, peak transconductance g/sub m/ of 530-570 mS/mm. maximum current density of 500-550 mA/mm, and peak current-gain cutoff frequency f/sub T/ of 110-122 GHz. These results are claimed to be among the best ever reported for pseudomorphic AlGaAs/InGaAs MODFETs and are attributed to the high 2 DEG sheet density, rather than an enhanced saturation velocity, in the In/sub 0.25/Ga/sub 0.75/As channel. >
An Improved Novel Global Harmony Search Algorithm

This paper develops an improved novel global harmony search (INGHS) algorithm for solving optimization problems. INGHS employs a novel method for generating new solution vectors that enhances accuracy and convergence rate of novel global harmony search (NGHS) algorithm. Simulations for five benchmark test functions show that INGHS possesses better ability to find the global optimum than that of harmony search (HS) algorithm. Compared with NGHS and HS, INGHS is better in terms of robustness and efficiency.
Gas permeation in miscible blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) with bisphenol chloral polycarbonate

The miscibility of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with bisphenol chloral polycarbonate (BCPC) has been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical indication of phase separation on heating (i.e., lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior), density measurement, and gas permeation. All evidence indicates that PMMA is miscible with BCPC over the whole blend composition range. Single composition-dependent glass transition temperature and LCST behavior have been observed for each blend. The specific volumes of the blends follow closely the simple additivity rule indicating the interaction between PMMA and BCPC is weak. Gas permeability coefficients for He, H2, O2, Ar, N2, CH4, and CO2 measured at 35°C under 1 to 2 atm upstream pressure are lower than those calculated from the semilogarithmic additivity rule. The difference between this calculated permeability and the measured one increases with gas molecular size. As a result, the ideal gas separation factors for He/CH4, CO2/CH4, and O2/N2 gas pairs estimated from the ratio of pure gas permeabilities are higher than predicted from the semilogarithmic additivity rule. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of the free volume theory and the activated state theory, which have been proposed to describe gas transport behavior in polymer mixtures.
Synthesis of dehydro-oogoniol, a female-activating hormone of Achlya: the progesterone route.

Abstract The structure of dehydro-oogoniol (3β, 11α, 15β, 29-tetrahydroxystigmasta-5,24(28) (E)-dien-7-one), a female-activating hormone of the water mold Achlya, has been confirmed by synthesis. The starting material was progesterone, which was converted to the 11α, 15β-dihydroxy derivative by microbiological hydroxylation with Aspergillus giganteus (ATCC 10059). The side chain was constructed in a stepwise manner by means of Wittig and Horner-Emmons reactions, and the C-7 ketone was then introduced by allylic oxidation. The biological activity of the synthetic compound was the same as that of the natural hormone.