cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pseudogoerinae: a New Subfamily of Odontoceridae (Trichoptera)

The immature stages and the female of Pseudogoera singularis Carpenter are described for the 1st time. The larvae inhabit small streams in the southern Appalachians. There is apparently 1 generation per year. The discovery and study of the immature stages necessitates the transfer of Pseudogoera from the Goeridae of the limnephilid line to the Odontoceridae of the leptocerid line of the Integripalpia. Pseudogoera larvae have several characteristics which are somewhat aberrant from known odontocerids; therefore, a new subfamily name, Pseudogoerinae, is proposed for this genus.
Smoking and the complications of diabetes mellitus.

Even though persons with diabetes have more to gain from quitting smoking than those without diabetes, the prevalence of smoking in the diabetic population is surprisingly high.
Immunomodulatory effects of Echinacea laevigata ethanol tinctures produced from different organs

Echinacea supplements may prevent or reduce symptoms of upper respiratory infections by immunomodulation, possibly by altering the cytokine profile. Compared with other species in the genus, the immunomodulatory properties of Echinacea laeviagata are poorly characterized. The purposes of this study were to compare the diversity and quantity of known bioactive compounds from aboveground organs of E. laevigata, and to characterize the in vitro immumodulatory properties of ethanol tinctures produced from those structures. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the levels of alkamides and caffeic acid derivatives. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from 16 adults and challenged in vitro with extracts. PBMC proliferation and production of the cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured. Fresh flower, leaf and root extracts were able to augment TNF and IL-10 and prolif eration, whereas fresh stem extract was only able to augment TNF. Extracts produced from flowers contained the greatest bioactive compound quantities and diversity. Caftaric acid was the most abundant compound and correlated with some (but not all) observed immune effects. These results suggest that of all aboveground parts, flowers have the greatest abundance and diversity of known bioactive compounds, and both flower and leaf extracts were immunomodulators.
358 INVESTIGATING WRIST KINEMATICS IN SCAPHOLUNATE DISSOCIATION: PRELIMINARY RESULTS.

Introduction Scapholunate dissociation is the most common carpal instability. The abnormal kinematics that subsequently develop leads to scapholunate instability and early osteoarthritis without treatment. Currently, acute and chronic scapholunate injuries are operated on when surgeons are confronted with scapholunate instability, defined as injuries to two of the three ligaments connecting the scaphoid and lunate. However, there is currently no universal procedure used to repair scapholunate dissociation injuries due to the lack of understanding of the kinematics in scapholunate injuries. Our goal is to use three-dimensional computed tomography technology to better undertand the biomechanics of the wrist and improve on current intraoperative care. Methods Patients 18 to 80 years of age are enrolled if they have unilateral scapholunate dissociation injury. CT scans were obtained of both the injured and noninjured hand of each subject in eight different positions, including extreme flexion/extension, radial/ulnar deviation, neutral, grip, and dart throwing positions (2). Three-dimensional images were subsequently derived using advanced radiologic software. With these data, the wrist kinematics were analyzed to compare the wrist kinematics between the injured versus The noninjured hand. Results Thus far, two patients have been enrolled in this study. With the data and analysis obtained to date, the scaphoid and lunate have been shown to display differing kinematics in the injured versus the noninjured hand. Conclusion Preliminary results show a difference in the wrist kinematics in hands with scapholunate dissociation injury versus noninjured hands in each subject. Although this is expected, complete scientific analysis of these data will allow us to delineate whether an ideal axis exists between the scaphoid and the lunate to allow for improved intraoperative care.
Understanding Social Media Disclosures of Sexual Abuse Through the Lenses of Support Seeking and Anonymity

Support seeking in stigmatized contexts is useful when the discloser receives the desired response, but it also entails social risks. Thus, people do not always disclose or seek support when they need it. One such stigmatized context for support seeking is sexual abuse. In this paper, we use mixed methods to understand abuse-related posts on reddit. First, we take a qualitative approach to understand post content. Then we use quantitative methods to investigate the use of "throwaway" accounts, which provide greater anonymity, and report on factors associated with support seeking and first-time disclosures. In addition to significant linguistic differences between throwaway and identified accounts, we find that those using throwaway accounts are significantly more likely to engage in seeking support. We also find that men are significantly more likely to use throwaway accounts when posting about sexual abuse. Results suggest that subreddit moderators and members who wish to provide support pay attention to throwaway accounts, and we discuss the importance of context-specific anonymity in support seeking.
Infectious complications in alcohol abusers.

Immunologic defects attending alcoholism predispose to certain infectious and noninfectious conditions.
Other Treatments for Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) remains the leading obstacle to better long-term outcomes after lung transplantation. The incidence of BOS approaches 50 % within 4 years of transplantation, and the median survival after the diagnosis of BOS is approximately 3 years. Because BOS is generally thought to represent chronic alloimmune-mediated rejection, the mainstay of therapy has been intensifying immunosuppression. However, the response to treatment is poor, and the typical clinical course is characterized by progressive allograft dysfunction. Total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) are used at some centers, although they are usually reserved as salvage treatments for refractory BOS. Re-transplantation is the ultimate treatment option, but the donor organ shortage and generally marginal outcomes have limited its widespread use.
Large volume leukapheresis for collecting hemopoietic progenitors: role of CD 34+ precount in predicting successful collection.

In this work we evaluated the efficacy of stem cell collection with Large Volume Procedures. (LVP), and analysed the importance of the CD34+ cell precount in promoting the collection of a sufficient number of CD34+ cells for transplantation, using the Univariate Logistic Regression analysis. Eighty-nine leukapheresis were performed in 49 patients with hematological malignancies and solid tumors, mobilized with chemotherapy plus Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF). For each procedure 15.8 liters of blood were processed. The median value of Nucleated Cells (NC) and CD34+ cells precount was respectively 8.29 x 10(9)/ml (range 1.13/45.4) and 43.08 x 103/ml (range 1.06/795.2). Results show the capability of LVP to collect large quantities of hemopoietic progenitors with a median CD34+ cell total yield of 215.02 x 10(6) (range 5.03/2210). The yields per patients' body weight were: CD34+ cells 3.23 x 10(6)/kg (range 0.081/41.58). The regression analysis between blood cell precounts and collection yields gave the following correlations: the CD34+ cell precount correlates with CD34+ yield (r = 0.78 p or =2.5 x 10(6)/kg we performed a Univariate Logistic Regression analysis that showed in our patients a probability of collecting > or =2.5 x 10(6) CD34+/kg that rose from 0.6 to 0.95 for CD 34+ precounts that oscillated from 30 to 40 x 10(3) CD34+ cells/ml, respectively. The Univariate Logistic Regression gave a probability of collecting > or =2.5 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg that oscillated between 0.64/0.98 for values of CD34+ cells processed from 6 x 10(6)/kg to 8 x 10(6)/kg, p or =2.5 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg. Furthermore, the Logistic Model suggests that the best strategy to plan a successful CD34+ cell collection procedure is to identify for each patient the amount of CD34+ cells/kg to be processed rather than the fixed processing of 3/5 blood volumes in all patients.
Towards establishing causality between change and incident

It is common knowledge in the IT service domain that changes to the system configuration are responsible for a major portion of incidents that result in client outages. However, it is typically very difficult to establish a relationship between changes and incidents as proper documentation takes lower priority at change creation time, as well as during incident management, in order to deal with the tremendous time pressure to quickly implement changes and resolve incidents. As a result, it is often not possible to leverage historical data to perform retrospective analysis to identify any emerging trends linking changes to incidents, or to build predictive models for proactive incident prevention at change creation time. In this paper, we present an approach for establishing causality between changes and incidents through an ensemble of statistics, data classification, and natural language processing techniques. We demonstrate our approach with a real world example.
Differences in aminoacylation invivo and invitro of lysine isoaccepting tRNAs from virus-transformed cells

Abstract When murine sarcoma virus-transformed cells are labeled with [3H]lysine in vivo for various periods, 5 of 6 isoaccepting lysine tRNAs separable by RPC-5 chromatography are aminoacylated in 1 hr to the same extent that they are aminoacylated in vitro . The sixth isoacceptor, tRNA6Lys, is not aminoacylated in vivo to a measurable extent in 1 hr, although it is present in the tRNA prepared from the cells. All six isoacceptors are aminoacylated with [3H]lysine in vivo when the labeling period is 2 or 3 hr. These results further show that in vitro correlations of the amount of tRNA4Lys with cell division accurately reflect the situation in vivo . Results of differential centrifugation indicate that tRNA6Lys occurs in mitochondria.
Instrumentalists and Renaissance Culture, 1420–1600: Players of Function and Fantasy

This innovative and multi-layered study of the music and culture of Renaissance instrumentalists spans the early institutionalization of instrumental music from c.1420 to the rise of the basso continuo and newer roles for instrumentalists around 1600. Employing a broad cultural narrative interwoven with detailed case studies, close readings of eighteen essential musical sources, and analysis of musical images, Victor Coelho and Keith Polk show that instrumental music formed a vital and dynamic element in the artistic landscape, from rote function to creative fantasy. Instrumentalists occupied a central role in courtly ceremonies and private social rituals during the Renaissance, and banquets, dances, processions, religious celebrations and weddings all required their participation, regardless of social class. Instrumental genres were highly diverse artistic creations, from polyphonic repertories revealing knowledge of notated styles, to improvisation and flexible practices. Understanding the contributions of instrumentalists is essential for any accurate assessment of Renaissance culture.
The Convenience Store - A Retail Institution in Transition: Their Image Contrasted with the User Public’s Needs

This paper presents the results of an empirical study which investigates consumers’ images of eight convenience store chains. The results of the study are compared with the consumers’ perceived needs and contrasted with trends in the convenience store industry. The functionality of the methodology and the implications of the study are analyzed.
Improvement of leakage resistance of PJVS for NIST-4 watt balance experiment

A Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard (PJVS) system is used for the voltage measurements in the NIST-4 watt balance experiment. In order to achieve the uncertainty of voltage measurements better than 1 part in 109' it is critical to increase the leakage resistance of the PJVS to ground. This paper describes how to modify the watt balance PJVS system to isolate the bias electronics and quantify its resistance to ground. Direct comparison between the watt balance PJVS (WPJVS) and NIST Volt Lab PJVS (VPJVS) was carried out to verify the performance of WPJVS with improved isolation resistance.
Enteral Nutrition and Access

Delivering proper nutrition to infants and children is important not only to ensure optimal growth and development but also to maximize their recovery in the setting of critical illness, severe trauma, or major surgery. Premature infants, children with short bowel syndrome, and those who are critically ill have specialized needs and are especially at risk for malnutrition and its sequelae. When the gastrointestinal tract is functional, enteral nutrition or supplementation is frequently an option but requires a careful consideration of the individual’s needs for calories, metabolites, and trace elements. Access for delivery of enteral nutrition can also be a challenge especially for children with multiple concomitant medical conditions, orofacial anomalies, or need for long-term supplementation.
ON THE RELATION BETWEEN MICROTUBULE DENSITY AND AXOPLASMIC TRANSPORT IN NERVES TREATED WITH MAYTANSINE IN VITRO

ABSTRACT The effect of maytansine on the axoplasmic transport and on the density of microtubules in myelinated and unmyelinated fibers of the sciatic nerve in vitro was studied and a correlation between axoplasmic transport block and a reduction of microtubule density in the large myelinated fibers was demonstrated.
Sampling and Data Analysis Optimization for Estimating Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Agroecosystems

Low-cost approaches for measuring soil organic C (SOC) stocks are essential for verifying farm management effects on C sequestration in agroecosystems. This study compared sampling and data analysis optimization approaches for estimating SOC stocks of a complex agroecosystem. Soil samples were collected from a 232-ha area of a working dairy farm with multiple land uses, crop rotations, topographic features, and manure application rates. The SOC stocks were estimated by (i) simple mean, (ii) ordinary kriging, (iii) regression kriging, and (iv) using the USDA Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database. Relationships among sampling schemes, estimation approaches, auxiliary information, and SOC stocks were explored. Slope, elevation, soil type, and land use types displayed a high degree of variation at the study site, yet relationships with SOC stocks were weak or nonsignificant. Systematic sampling provided the best coverage of both geographic and attribute space, allowing reliable variogram estimates and RMSEs that increased little with reduced sample number. Random and stratified random sampling approaches resulted in reduced accuracy. Ordinary kriging had lower RMSEs than either regression kriging or the simple mean, and total SOC stocks estimates fluctuated less when sample sizes were reduced. Using SSURGO overestimated total SOC stocks by up to 5.1% compared with the other approaches, suggesting that this approach may be worthy of evaluation for circumstances with a low budget and low confidence level requirements. Systematic sampling and ordinary kriging can provide an optimal strategy for estimating SOC stocks in agroecosystems with complex topography and land uses.
Circuit characterization of low frequency noise in 45nm technology bandgap

Circuit characterization for low frequency noise of a bandgap reference circuit in a 45nm CMOS process is performed here. It is determined that the noise at lower frequencies follow 1/fγ spectra where 1<γ<2. This flattens off as thermal noise for frequencies greater than 1 KHz. Substantial variation in bandgap noise is observed which is demonstrated to be largely uncorrelated to bandgap trim voltage. Possible noise generating components within the bandgap circuit are identified. The dominant contributor for the observed 1/fγ nature of the bandgap noise is identified as the noise generated within the operational amplifier circuit block.
Spectroscopy and the Electromagnetic Spectrum

This chapter gives a brief overview of several key concepts that will recur throughout this book: the electromagnetic spectrum and fundamentals of spectroscopy. The material presented here will progress from basic general chemistry concepts to topics grounded in physical chemistry and physics. The purpose of this chapter is to provide the reader with a working knowledge of these concepts, as well as introduce the terminology that is intimately related to this field. To close, several spectroscopic techniques relevant to the theme of this book will be presented in some detail. It is anticipated that some, if not a large portion, of this material will be familiar to the reader.
New Progress on Fatigue Monitoring System

The goal of the fatigue monitoring system is to revolutionize long term fatigue analysis with a complete cost effective system by merging the sensor, data acquisition system and real time processing units into one. The user will have freedom in mounting the sensor units since they will be battery powered and wireless. Once mounted they will require no further attention except for replacement of the batteries every two to three years. Communication between the user and sensor units will be done from the central office to the test site via a radio repeater located near the testing area. Each sensor unit will have an identification number allowing the user to download processed data from a particular sensor. Once downloaded, the data can be stored for later reference or further manipulated by the user. The system could be used as a fully automated fatigue monitoring system by allowing a computer to periodically download data from sensor units and, based on the data, determine if a stress fracture is imminent, thus warning the user of possible problems.
Tension stimulation drives tissue formation in scaffold-free systems

Scaffold-free systems have emerged as viable approaches for engineering load-bearing tissues. However, the tensile properties of engineered tissues have remained far below the values for native tissue. Here, by using self-assembled articular cartilage as a model to examine the effects of intermittent and continuous tension stimulation on tissue formation, we show that the application of tension alone, or in combination with matrix remodelling and synthesis agents, leads to neocartilage with tensile properties approaching those of native tissue. Implantation of tension-stimulated tissues results in neotissues that are morphologically reminiscent of native cartilage. We also show that tension stimulation can be translated to a human cell source to generate anisotropic human neocartilage with enhanced tensile properties. Tension stimulation, which results in nearly sixfold improvements in tensile properties over unstimulated controls, may allow the engineering of mechanically robust biological replacements of native tissue.
“Street drugs” and subarachnoid haemorrhage

Street drugs such as cocaine, amphetamines and ecstasy have profound effect on cerebral vasculature including intracerebral haemorrhage and SAH, especially cerebral vasospasm. These street drugs may be involved in the incidence of cerebral vascular diseases and may enhance brain injury after stroke. Aggressive treatment strategies are needed to treat SAH in the presence of street drugs.
The role of guanine nucleotides in regulation of adenylate cyclase activity.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of guanine nucleotides in the regulation of adenylate cyclase (AC) activity. The AC complex plays a key role in the transfer of information from extracellular first messengers such as hormones to the interior of the cell. The activated enzyme catalyzes the formation of the second messenger—cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate—which in turn regulates diverse intracellular processes. The enzyme is known to consist of at least 3 components: the hormone receptor (R), the catalytic unit (C), and guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G). The chapter reviews data on the separation of the G unit from the AC complex and discusses clinical abnormalities involving the G unit. GN effects on turkey erythrocyte AC differ in certain respects from effects on mammalian receptor–cyclase systems such as the rat reticulocyte. The chapter additionally presents the role of GN in the cholera toxin activation of AC. It describes the mechanisms whereby the active A1 fragment of cholera toxin—having entered the cell—proceeds to activate AC.
Constructive Induction on Symbolic Features: Introducing New Comparative Terms

Abstract This paper addresses the problem of constructing new comparative terms from symbolic attributes. Within a set-theoretic framework, experiments with a learning system, RL4, show a performance improvement, which indicates that the set-theoretic method is effective and efficient and that symbolic comparative terms do improve the adequacy of the concept description language.
Glycine receptor β–subunit gene mutation in spastic mouse associated with LINE–1 element insertion

Congenital myoclonus is a widespread neurologic disorder characterized by hyperexcitability, muscular spasticity and myoclonus associated with marked reduction in neural glycine binding sites. The recessive mouse mutation spastic (spa) is a prototype of inherited myoclonus. Here we show that defects in the gene encoding the β–subunit of the glycine receptor (Glrb) underlie spa: Glrb maps to the same region of mouse chromosome 3 as spa, and Glrb mRNA is markedly reduced throughout brains of spa mice, most likely as a result of an insertional mutation of a 7.1 kilobase LINE–1 element within intron 6 of Glrb. These results provide evidence that Glrb is necessary for postsynaptic expression of glycine receptor complexes, and suggest Glrb as a candidate gene for inherited myoclonus in other species.
Rapid ex vivo expansion of highly enriched human invariant natural killer T cells via single antigenic stimulation for cell therapy to prevent graft-versus-host disease.

Abstract Background aims CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer (iNK) T cells are rare regulatory T cells that may contribute to the immune-regulation in allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Here, we sought to develop an effective strategy to expand human iNK T cells for use in cell therapy to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in ASCT. Methods Human iNK T cells were first enriched from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using magnetic-activated cell sorting separation, then co-cultured with dendritic cells in the presence of agonist glycolipids, alpha-galactosylceramide, for 2 weeks. Results The single antigenic stimulation reliably expanded iNK T cells to an average of 2.8 × 107 per 5 × 108 PBMCs in an average purity of 98.8% in 2 weeks (N = 24). The expanded iNK T cells contained a significantly higher level of CD4+ and central memory phenotype (CD45RA−CD62L+) compared with freshly isolated iNK T cells, and maintained their ability to produce both Th-1 (interferon [IFN]γ and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]α) and Th-2 type cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-5 and IL-13) upon antigenic stimulation or stimulation with Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin. Interestingly, expanded iNK T cells were highly autoreactive and produced a Th-2 polarized cytokine production profile after being co-cultured with dendritic cells alone without exogenous agonist glycolipid antigen. Lastly, expanded iNK T cells suppressed conventional T-cell proliferation and ameliorated xenograft GVHD (hazard ratio, 0.1266; P Conclusion We have demonstrated a feasible approach for obtaining ex vivo expanded, highly enriched human iNK T cells for use in adoptive cell therapy to prevent GVHD in ASCT.
Obtaining and Analyzing Aviation Industry Employment Data

According to the author's review of a multitude of sources, there are 2,074,190 people working in the civilian aviation industry in 1985. However, in arriving at this figure, 18.7 percent of the data utilized are estimates and not actual counts. Other problems noted in arriving at this estimate include the fact that there is no consistent, across the board source of aviation industry employment data. Finally, there are key segments of the industry which do not keep employment statistics for themselves: general aviation, regional airlines, most of government aviation below the federal level, and such miscellaneous aviation related employers as travel agencies. The author suggests three things to help improve the aviation industry employment data base. First, aviation educators must become more familiar with the present data and its limitations. Second, aviation educators should strive to undertake research projects to establish base data in those parts of the aviation industry where only estimates are possible today. Finally, the aviation industry is encouraged to track its own employment information in order to contribute to better preparation of its employees through aviation education.
Advancing stock policy on repairable, intermittently-demanded service parts

Many firms generate revenue by operating systems or fleets, such as welding robots, rental cars, aircraft, etc. The contribution of service parts to the availability of the system or fleet is well ...
Depression as a Predictor of Long-term Employment Outcomes Among Individuals With Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract Objective To examine the predictive ability of depression when considering long-term employment outcomes for individuals with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) after controlling for key preinjury and injury-related variables. Design Secondary data analysis. Setting Community follow-up after discharge from an inpatient rehabilitation center. Participants Individuals between 18 and 60 years old with moderate-to-severe TBI enrolled in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems database. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Employment status. Results The prevalence of employment at 2 and 5 years post injury was 40.3% and 44.5%, respectively. Individuals identified as depressed at 1 year were more likely to be unemployed at 2 years post injury (odds ratio [OR], 1.77; 95% CI, 1.38-2.27; P Conclusions After controlling for baseline predictors variables, the experience of postinjury depression—a modifiable condition—contributes predictive ability to future employment outcomes. Incorporating assessments and/or interventions for depression into postacute rehabilitation programs could promote favorable employment outcomes after TBI.
The Heart of the Matter: How Reforms Unsettle Organizational Identity:

The identity of public school systems changed dramatically over the past 25 years, as standards-based reform held schools accountable for more equal and academically demanding education for poorer ...
A Distributed Leadership Perspective on Implementing Instructional Reform: A Case Study of an Urban Middle School:

This qualitative case study examined the distribution of leadership and the implementation of an instructional reform in a low-performing urban middle school. Leadership for the instructional refor...
It’s not all about muscle: fibroadipogenic progenitors contribute to facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) results from expression of the full-length double homeobox 4 (DUX4-FL) retrogene in skeletal muscle. However, even in cases of severe FSHD the presence of DUX4 is barely detectable. In this issue of the JCI, Bosnakovski et al. used an inducible, muscle-specific human DUX4 to reproduce the low-level, sporadic DUX4 expression of human FSHD muscle as well the myopathology seen in human FSHD disease. Notably, dysregulated fibroadipogenic progenitors accumulated in affected muscles, thus providing a mechanism for the replacement of muscle by fibrosis and fat.
Computed body tomography: How useful is it?

Computed tomography (CT) of the body is becoming as well established a diagnostic procedure as CT of the head, often yielding information not available by other techniques and sparing patients unne...
DIASPORE SIZE, SHAPE, AND FALL BEHAVIOR IN WIND-DISPERSED PLANT SPECIES

Morphologie des fruits et des graines examinee chez 38 especes en relation avec leur capacite a etre disseminees par le vent
Preschool oral health-related quality of life: A practical guide to measurement tools.

Objective The purpose of this paper is to describe currently available measurement tools for assessing oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) in preschool aged children to aid clinicians and researchers in selection of the appropriate tool for their needs. Methods The authors describe and compare eight OHRQoL tools that were created or adapted for use among preschoolers, including the Child Oral Health Impact Profile-Preschool, Dental Discomfort Questionnaire, Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale, Michigan-OHRQoL, Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire and Family Impact Scale, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory-Oral Health Scale, Pediatric Oral Health-Related Quality of Life, and Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for 5-year-old children. Results The tools vary by their intended target population, oral condition of interest, intended setting for use, and method of administration. They also vary in the number of items or questions included and the domains covered by those items. Unique features and strengths of each are highlighted. Conclusion A variety of tools exist for measuring OHQoL in preschoolers, this article provides an overview that can facilitate selection for specific intended uses.
Fronto-temporal dementia risk gene TMEM106B has opposing effects in different lysosomal storage disorders

TMEM106B is a transmembrane protein localized to the endo-lysosomal compartment. Genome-wide association studies have identified TMEM106B as a risk modifier of Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration, especially with progranulin haploinsufficiency. We recently demonstrated that TMEM106B loss rescues progranulin null mouse phenotypes including lysosomal enzyme dysregulation, neurodegeneration and behavioural alterations. However, the reason whether TMEM106B is involved in other neurodegenerative lysosomal diseases is unknown. Here, we evaluate the potential role of TMEM106B in modifying the progression of lysosomal storage disorders using progranulin-independent models of Gaucher disease and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. To study Gaucher disease, we employ a pharmacological approach using the inhibitor conduritol B epoxide in wild-type and hypomorphic Tmem106b-/- mice. TMEM106B depletion ameliorates neuronal degeneration and some behavioural abnormalities in the pharmacological model of Gaucher disease, similar to its effect on certain progranulin null phenotypes. In order to examine the role of TMEM106B in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, we crossbred Tmem106b-/- mice with Ppt1-/-, a genetic model of the disease. In contrast to its conduritol B epoxide-rescuing effect, TMEM106B loss exacerbates Purkinje cell degeneration and motor deficits in Ppt1-/- mice. Mechanistically, TMEM106B is known to interact with subunits of the vacuolar ATPase and influence lysosomal acidification. In the pharmacological Gaucher disease model, the acidified lysosomal compartment is enhanced and TMEM106B loss rescues in vivo phenotypes. In contrast, gene-edited neuronal loss of Ppt1 causes a reduction in vacuolar ATPase levels and impairment of the acidified lysosomal compartment, and TMEM106B deletion exacerbates the mouse Ppt1-/- phenotype. Our findings indicate that TMEM106B differentially modulates the progression of the lysosomal storage disorders Gaucher disease and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. The effect of TMEM106B in neurodegeneration varies depending on vacuolar ATPase state and modulation of lysosomal pH. These data suggest TMEM106B as a target for correcting lysosomal pH alterations, and in particular for therapeutic intervention in Gaucher disease and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.
Associations of thrombocytopenia, transaminase elevations, and transfusion with laboratory coagulation tests in women with preeclampsia: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Women with preeclampsia may develop coagulopathy, predisposing to bleeding complications. Although guidelines and prior studies conflict, we hypothesized that in preeclampsia, abnormal coagulation test results are more common in women with thrombocytopenia or transaminase elevations and increase the transfusion risk. Our objectives were to investigate: 1. patterns of coagulation testing; 2. relationships between platelet count, transaminase level, and the risk of abnormal coagulation tests; 3. risk of bleeding complications; and 4. characteristics of patients with markedly abnormal coagulation parameters. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of deliveries of women with preeclampsia who had undergone activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) or international normalized ratio (INR) testing at one of two hospitals between 1994 and 2018. Results Of 10 699 women with preeclampsia, 3359 (32.7%) had coagulation testing performed and aPTT or INR elevations were present in 124 (3.7 %). Coagulation abnormalities were more common in women with thrombocytopenia or transaminase elevations (n=82) compared with those without (n=42) (6.7%, 95% CI 5.5 to 8.2 vs 1.8%, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.5). Transfusion was more common among women with abnormal coagulation parameters (n=124) compared with those without (n=39) (33.1 vs 7.0%, P Conclusions Coagulation testing was inconsistently performed in this cohort. Platelet counts and transaminase levels inadequately detected abnormal coagulation test results. Abnormal coagulation test results were associated with a markedly higher risk for red blood cell transfusion.
Judging Foreign Startups

Can accelerators and investors pick the most promising startup ideas no matter their provenance? We investigate this question using unique data from a global accelerator in which judges across international regions are randomly assigned to evaluate startups headquartered across the globe. Our analysis of this natural experiment shows that judges are less likely to recommend startups headquartered outside their home region by 4 percentage points. Additional information about a startup does not appear to attenuate this bias. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that this discount leads judges to pass over 1 in 10 high-potential startups. Our results reveal that judges are able to discern high from low quality startups regardless of their origin, but they systematically discount foreign ideas relative to local ones.
DextrEMS: Increasing Dexterity in Electrical Muscle Stimulation by Combining it with Brakes

Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is an emergent technique that miniaturizes force feedback, especially popular for untethered haptic devices, such as mobile gaming, VR, or AR. However, the actuation displayed by interactive systems based on EMS is coarse and imprecise. EMS systems mostly focus on inducing movements in large muscle groups such as legs, arms, and wrists; whereas individual finger poses, which would be required, for example, to actuate a user's fingers to fingerspell even the simplest letters in sign language, are not possible. The lack of dexterity in EMS stems from two fundamental limitations: (1) lack of independence: when a particular finger is actuated by EMS, the current runs through nearby muscles, causing unwanted actuation of adjacent fingers; and, (2) unwanted oscillations: while it is relatively easy for EMS to start moving a finger, it is very hard for EMS to stop and hold that finger at a precise angle; because, to stop a finger, virtually all EMS systems contract the opposing muscle, typically achieved via controllers (e.g., PID)—unfortunately, even with the best controller tuning, this often results in unwanted oscillations. To tackle these limitations, we propose dextrEMS, an EMS-based haptic device featuring mechanical brakes attached to each finger joint. The key idea behind dextrEMS is that while the EMS actuates the fingers, it is our mechanical brake that stops the finger in a precise position. Moreover, it is also the brakes that allow dextrEMS to select which fingers are moved by EMS, eliminating unwanted movements by preventing adjacent fingers from moving. We implemented dextrEMS as an untethered haptic device, weighing only 68g, that actuates eight finger joints independently (metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints for four fingers), which we demonstrate in a wide range of haptic applications, such as assisted fingerspelling, a piano tutorial, guitar tutorial, and a VR game. Finally, in our technical evaluation, we found that dextrEMS outperformed EMS alone by doubling its independence and reducing unwanted oscillations.
Canadian and American psychiatrists' attitudes toward dissociative disorders diagnoses.

Objective:To compare the opinions of Canadian psychiatrists regarding dissociative disorder diagnoses with those of previously surveyed American psychiatrists.Method:We sent a 1-page questionnaire ...
Purification and Some Physical Properties of Phenylalanine Hydroxylase from Rat Liver

Phenylalanine hydroxylase has been obtained from rat liver in a form that is 85 to 95% pure. The enzyme exists as two electrophoretically distinguishable isozymes, each of which is capable of existing as a monomer (51,000 to 55,000 molecular weight), dimer (110,000), and tetramer (210,000). The dimers of each isozyme will dissociate to the monomeric forms by dilution of the enzyme or by increasing the temperature from 0 to 30°.
Lactation in the Dog: Milk Composition and Intake by Puppies

The composition and intake of milk by mother-reared puppies was studied to compare protein and energy intakes of puppies with estimated requirements. Milk samples were obtained from five beagle bitches over the period of 7-37 days postpartum. Dog milk contained on average 22.7% dry matter, 9.47% fat, 7.53% protein, 3.81% sugar and 146 kcal gross energy per 100 g. Protein comprised 31% of milk energy. Nonprotein nitrogen averaged 0.054%, equivalent to 4.4% of total nitrogen. Milk intakes of puppies in the five litters were estimated from water kinetics following administration of deuterium oxide (D2O). D2O dilution indicated that body water comprised 72-73% of puppy body weight, and fractional turnover rate of body water averaged 0.15-0.17% per day in weeks 3 and 4 postpartum. Milk intakes were calculated as 160 +/- 5.4 g (mean +/- SEM) at 19 days and 175 +/- 5.3 g at 26 days, equivalent to 17.0 and 14.6% of body weight, respectively. Daily milk yields of the bitches averaged 964 g at 19 days and 1054 g at 26 days. Dry matter intakes of the puppies were equivalent to 3.9 and 3.3% of body weight at 19 and 26 days, respectively. Gross energy intakes averaged 223-224 kcal/ kg0 .75 per day, and protein intakes averaged 0.33-0.36 g per gram body weight gain at these ages. Estimates of the energy requirements of young puppies by the National Research Council appear to be too high.
Mass eigenvalues of the open charged string in a magnetic background.

The quantum theory of an open charged bosonic string in a magnetic background is considered. The squared mass operator is found and the mass spectrum analyzed. The spin-one spectrum manifests a peculiar behavior in the presence of the background field. One of the spin-one states is a tachyon at any nonzero field strength, while the other can be massive or tachyonic depending on the strength of the background magnetic field.
A quantitative understanding of lac repressor’s binding specificity and flexibility

Lac repressor, the first discovered transcriptional regulator, has been shown to confer multiple-modes of binding to its operator sites depending on the central spacer length. Other homolog members in the LacI/GalR family (PurR and YcjW) cannot bind their operator sites with similar structural flexibility. To decipher the underlying mechanism for this unique property, we used Spec-seq approach combined with site-directed mutagenesis to quantify the DNA binding specificity of multiple hybrids of lacI and PurR. We find that lac repressor's recognition di-residues YQ and its hinge helix loop regions are both critical for its structural flexibility. Also, specificity profiling of the whole lac operator suggests that a simple additive model from single variants suffice to predict other multivariant sites' energy reasonably well, and the genome occupancy model based on this specificity data correlates well with in vivo lac repressor binding profile.
Research Spotlight: Solar oxygen abundance measured

[1] Oxygen is abundant in the Sun, yet the solar oxygen abundance has not been measured with high accuracy. Using long-term solar wind data from the Ulysses spacecraft,von Steiger et al. measured the flux of oxygen ions, the flux of protons, and the ratio of the two. The new measurements suggest that the solar oxygen abundance may be slightly higher than other recent studies have found. An accurate value for the solar oxygen abundance is important for interpreting helioseismological analyses and for understanding the chemical evolution of the galaxy and solar system. (Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2010GL045389, 2010)
Holomorphic Jet Bundles

Chern number formulas for holomorphic jet bundles are computed for projective curves and for projective surfaces. These formulas are used to show that certain minimal surfaces of general type (generic hypersurfaces of degree at least 5 in projective 3-spaces in particular) are hyperbolic in the sense of complex hyperbolic geometry.
Spatiotemporal norepinephrine mapping using a high-density CMOS microelectrode array

A high-density amperometric electrode array containing 8192 individually addressable platinum working electrodes with an integrated potentiostat fabricated using Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) processes is reported. The array was designed to enable electrochemical imaging of chemical gradients with high spatiotemporal resolution. Electrodes are arranged over a 2 mm × 2 mm surface area into 64 subarrays consisting of 128 individual Pt working electrodes as well as Pt pseudo-reference and auxiliary electrodes. Amperometric measurements of norepinephrine in tissue culture media were used to demonstrate the ability of the array to measure concentration gradients in complex media. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidics were incorporated to control the chemical concentrations in time and space, and the electrochemical response at each electrode was monitored to generate electrochemical heat maps, demonstrating the array's imaging capabilities. A temporal resolution of 10 ms can be achieved by simultaneously monitoring a single subarray of 128 electrodes. The entire 2 mm × 2 mm area can be electrochemically imaged in 64 seconds by cycling through all subarrays at a rate of 1 Hz per subarray. Monitoring diffusional transport of norepinephrine is used to demonstrate the spatiotemporal resolution capabilities of the system.
Evaluation of Columbia, USMARC-Composite, Suffolk, and Texel rams as terminal sires in an extensive rangeland production system: III. Prefabrication carcass traits and organ weights.

To evaluate terminal-sire breeds, harvest BW, prefabrication carcass measurements, and organ weights were evaluated over 3 yr for 518 crossbred wether lambs (ovis aries). Lambs were produced by single-sire matings of 22 Columbia, 22 USMARC-Composite (Composite), 21 Suffolk, and 17 Texel rams to adult Rambouillet ewes. Lambs were raised to weaning under an extensive western rangeland production system and finished in a feedlot on a high-energy finishing diet. Wethers were randomly assigned to be harvested at an average BW of 54.4, 61.2, or 68.0 kg and then transported to The Ohio State University abattoir for harvest. Wether BW was recorded before transport (off-test BW) and before harvest. Prefabrication carcass measurements and organ weights were recorded either after harvest or after an approximate 24-h chill. At comparable numbers of days on feed, Suffolk-sired lambs had heavier (P 0.06) from the other crossbred lambs. Texel- and suffolk-sired lambs had larger lm area and greater conformation scores than Columbia-sired lambs (P 0.18) and were intermediate for quality grades and leg scores. Sire breed did not affect (P > 0.05) shipping shrink, dressing percentage, pelt weight, liver weight, and fat depth. Adjusting data to a comparable off-test BW or CCW modified sire breed rankings for some measurements. Texel-sired lambs were equal or superior to lambs sired by other breeds for HCW, CCW, dressing percentage, pelt weight, LM area, quality grade, and leg and conformation scores. However, Texel-sired lambs also had values for kidney-pelvic fat weight, fat depth, and body wall thickness that were equal to or greater than those of lambs sired by the other breeds, indicating increased fatness at comparable BW. Producers can use these results to select terminal-sire sheep breeds that will complement their production system and improve market lamb value.
Remembering Medard Boss

Abstract The life and work of Medard Boss is reviewed. This overview includes the development of his daseinsanalysis, presenting its roots in psychoanalysis, existential phenomenological psychiatry, Heideggerian philosophy, and Indian thought. Also examined are Boss's contributions to the fields of psychotherapy, philosophy, and human scientific psychology. The latter contributions include Boss's explication of the meanings of three specific kinds of psychological phenomena: sexual disorders, bodily illnesses and injuries, and dreams. The article then concludes with the author's personal reflections on his experiences with daseinsanalysis and Medard Boss.
Joint galaxy - lensing observables and the dark energy

Deep multicolor galaxy surveys with photometric redshifts will provide a large number of two-point correlation observables: galaxy-galaxy angular correlations, galaxy-shear cross correlations, and shear-shear correlations between all redshifts. These observables can potentially enable a joint determination of the dark-energy-dependent evolution of the dark matter and distances as well as the relationship between galaxies and dark matter halos. With recent cosmic microwave background determinations of the initial power spectrum, a measurement of the mass clustering at even a single redshift will constrain a well-specified combination of dark energy (DE) parameters in a flat universe; we provide convenient fitting formulas for such studies. The combination of galaxy-shear and galaxy-galaxy correlations can determine this amplitude at multiple redshifts. We illustrate this ability in a description of the galaxy clustering with 5 free functions of redshift which can be fitted from the data. The galaxy modeling is based on a mapping onto halos of the same abundance that models a flux-limited selection. In this context and under a flat geometry, a 4000 deg${}^{2}$ galaxy-lensing survey can achieve a statistical precision of $\ensuremath{\sigma}({\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{\mathrm{DE}})=0.005$ for the dark energy density, $\ensuremath{\sigma}{(w}_{\mathrm{DE}})=0.02$ and $\ensuremath{\sigma}{(w}_{a})=0.17$ for its equation of state and evolution, evaluated at dark energy matter equality $z\ensuremath{\approx}0.4,$ as well as constraints on the 5 halo functions out to $z=1.$ More importantly, a joint analysis can make dark energy constraints robust against systematic errors in the shear-shear correlation and halo modeling.