cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ventricular interaction with the loading system

The purpose of this investigation was to develop a theoretical framework to predict stroke volume (and therefore cardiac output) when the ventricle is coupled with the arterial impedance. The ultimate objective is to arrive at an analytical description of cardiac output in the closed hydraulic loop of the entire circulatory system on the basis of the properties of the major system components. We developed the framework of analysis of ventriculo-arterial coupling by characterizing both the ventricle and arterial system in terms of the end-systolic pressure vs. stroke volume (Pes-SV) relationships. This approach, motivated by the load-insensitivity of ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR), yielded stroke volume as the intersection between the ventricular Pes-SV relationship and arterial Pes-SV relationship. The theoretical outcome was validated by comparing the stroke volume predicted as a result of interaction between a given ventricular ESPVR and a set of arterial impedances against those SVs actually measured by imposing the same arterial impedance on the isolated canine ventricles. Furthermore, because of the mathematical simplicity of this approach, it enabled us to describe cardiac output in the closed circulatory loop with a small set of analytical equations. We conclude that the proposed framework is useful in analyzing the ventriculo-arterial coupling and various mechanisms which affect cardiac output in the closed circulatory loop.
Seed germination problems in the Umbelliferae

Poor germination of seeds is of common occurrence in the Umbelliferae. Probably the most important of several causes is the presence of non-viable seeds which have no embryo. Embryoless seeds have been found to result from the feeding of theLygus bug on the developing seed. The insect seems to inject a toxic component of its oral secretions while feeding; this causes degeneration of the embryo. Control of theLygus bug by use of insect-tight cages or by application of insecticide greatly reduced the number of embryo-less seeds and also increased the seed yield.
Acute stroke: Imaging and intervention

“Stroke” is defined as sudden-onset nonconvulsive neurologic deficit of a cerebrovascular origin. Each year, in the United States, 350,000 people experience a first stroke, and another 100,000 have a recurrent attack. A total of 400,000 to 500,000 new strokes occur annually, and there are 3 million stroke survivors. Stroke is the #3 cause of death and the #1 cause of disability (1992 Heart and Stroke Facts. Dallas: American Heart Association, 1991;1–48). This article will review recent advances in echoplanar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and intravenous thrombolytic therapy of acute stroke.
Spin-Orbit and Spin-Spin Interactions in Diatomic Molecules. I. Fine Structure of H 2

The fine structure separations of para and ortho ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ are calculated by assuming that besides the spin-orbit, spin-other orbit, and spin-spin interactions, no other perturbation contributes significantly to the splitting. The interactions are expressed as contractions of irreducible tensors, and the resulting energy separations are obtained by applying the theory of angular momentum to a representation in strict case $b$ coupling. It is shown that for II states the ${{Y}_{2}}^{2}$ component of the quadrupole-type spin-spin interaction gives nonvanishing matrix elements which arise from the coupling of the electronic states ${\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{e}(\ensuremath{\Lambda}=+1)$ and ${\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{e}(\ensuremath{\Lambda}=\ensuremath{-}1)$. The additional term in the spin-spin interaction yields anomalous alternations of the fine structure separation from one rotational level to the next, and produces a splitting of the $J$ levels into a "regular" and an "irregular" component. This splitting is quite different from the usual $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type doubling which arises from the interaction of the orbital angular momentum with the rotation of the nuclei. In low rotational states of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ the contribution of the ${{Y}_{2}}^{2}$ component of the spin-spin interaction is considerably larger than the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type doubling. The theoretical predictions for the fine structure of the $c^{3}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{u}$ state compare favorably with experimental values.
The myosin head can bind two actin monomers

Force impulse is thought to be generated in muscle when myosin head (S-1), while weakly bound to actin filament, undergoes orientational change to form a strong (rigor) bond with actin. There is ample evidence that this bond involves interaction of 1 myosin head with 1 actin monomer. However, X-ray diffraction data of muscle decorated with S-1, as well as recently proposed model of the thin filaments, suggested that each S-1 molecule interacted with two actin monomers. We reinvestigated this controversy and found that the stoichiometry of acto-S-1 bond depended on the relative amounts of actin and myosin present during titrations: when increasing amounts of actin were added to a fixed amount of S-1 (i.e. when myosin heads were initially in excess over actin), the saturating stoichiometry was 1 mol of S-1 per 1 mol of actin. However, when increasing amounts of S-1 were added slowly to a fixed amount of F-actin (i.e. when actin was initially in excess over S-1), the stoichiometry at saturation was 1 mol of S-1 per 2 mols of actin. The ability of S-1 to bind either one or two actin monomers suggests a way that force could be generated during muscle contraction.
Daughters of Light: Quaker Women Preaching and Prophesying in the Colonies and Abroad, 1700-1775

More than a thousand Quaker female ministers were active in the Anglo-American world before the Revolutionary War, when the Society of Friends constituted the colonies' third-largest religious group. Some of these women circulated throughout British North America; others crossed the Atlantic to deliver in courthouses, meeting houses, and private homes, to audiences of men and women, to Quakers and to those of other faiths, to Native Americans, and to slaves. Utilizing the Quakers' rich archival sources, as well as colonial newspapers and diaries, Rebecca Larson reconstructs the activities of these women. She examines the ways their public, authoritative role affected the formation of their identities, their families and their society.
A Review of Treating Depression in Diabetes: Emerging Findings

Background Depression in patients with diabetes is associated with poorer adherence and worse health outcomes, however treating depression may help improve these outcomes. Objective The present systematic review identified published papers to evaluate treatments for depression in patients with diabetes. Results Seventeen studies that met criteria were identified, indicating that psychosocial interventions, particularly cognitive-behavior therapy, anti-depressant medications, and collaborative care are effective in the treatment of depression in patients with diabetes. Conclusion Evidence for the efficacy of these interventions in improving glycemic control was mixed. No study targeted adherence to treatment or health behaviors in addition to depression, which may be necessary to maximize improvement in diabetes outcomes such as glycemic control.
Field Adsorption of Inert-Gas Atoms on Field Ion Emitter Surfaces

Theories of field ionization assume an atomically clean surface. Atom-probe experiments surprisingly revealed that the inert imaging gases are adsorbed at the field ion emitter. It is shown that this adsorption is due to a short-range field-induced dipole-dipole interaction. Adsorption at the apex of the protruding surface atom has considerable consequences for the mechanism of field ionization and field evaporation.
Structural congruence among membrane-active host defense polypeptides of diverse phylogeny

Abstract A requisite for efficacious host defense against pathogens and predators has prioritized evolution of effector molecules thereof. A recent multidimensional analysis of physicochemical properties revealed a novel, unifying structural signature among virtually all classes of cysteine-containing antimicrobial peptides. This motif, termed the γ-core, is seen in host defense peptides from organisms spanning more than 2.6 billion years of evolution. Interestingly, many toxins possess the γ-core signature, consistent with discoveries of their direct antimicrobial activity. Many microbicidal chemokines (kinocidins) likewise contain iterations of the γ-core motif, reconciling their antimicrobial efficacy. Importantly, these polypeptide classes have evolved to target and modulate biomembranes in protecting respective hosts against unfavorable interactions with potential pathogens or predators. Extending on this concept, the current report addresses the hypothesis that antimicrobial peptides, kinocidins, and polypeptide toxins are structurally congruent and share a remarkably close phylogenetic relationship, paralleling their roles in host–pathogen relationships. Analyses of their mature amino acid sequences demonstrated that cysteine-stabilized antimicrobial peptides, kinocidins, and toxins share ancient evolutionary relatedness stemming from early precursors of the γ-core signature. Moreover, comparative 3-D structure analysis revealed recurring iterations of antimicrobial peptide γ-core motifs within kinocidins and toxins. However, despite such congruence in γ-core motifs, the kinocidins diverged in overall homology from microbicidal peptides or toxins. These findings are consistent with observations that chemokines are not toxic to mammalian cells, in contrast to many antimicrobial peptides and toxins. Thus, specific functions of these molecular effectors may be governed by specific configurations of structural modules associated with a common γ-core motif. These concepts are consistent with the hypothesis that the γ-core is an archetype determinant in polypeptides that target or regulate with biological membranes, with specific iterations optimized to unique or cognate host defense contexts. Quantitative and qualitative data suggest these protein families emerged through both parallel and divergent processes of modular evolution. Taken together, the current and prior findings imply that the γ-core motif contributes to conserved structures and functions of host defense polypeptides. The presence of this unifying molecular signature in otherwise diverse categories of membrane-active host defense peptides implies an ancient and essential role for such a motif in effector molecules governing host–pathogen relationships.
Incidence of chromosome aberrations in mammalian sperm stained with Hoechst 33342 and UV-laser irradiated during flow sorting

The separation of two sperm populations is possible using the technique of flow sorting, provided that a significant difference exists in the DNA content of X- and Y-bearing sperm. In order to ascertain whether or not chromosome damage was induced in sorted sperm, chromosome preparations were made from isolated sperm that had been microinjected into hamster eggs. While egg chromosomes exhibited a low frequency of chromosome aberrations, ranging from 4 to 7%, a large proportion of sperm cells exhibited chromosome damage. Between 29% of unstained and unsorted sperm and 38% of stained and unsorted sperm exhibited some type of chromosomal abnormality and this proportion increased to 50% in sorted sperm. If only damaged sperm nuclei are considered, the two unsorted sperm groups had a mean of 0.6 breaks, 0.8 triradial exchanges, and 0.2 quadriradial exchanges per nucleus. However, sorted sperm, which were stained with a fluorochrome and exposed to UV-laser irradiation, exhibited a mean of 2.9 breaks, 2.6 triradial, and 1.9 quadriradial exchanges per nucleus in which damage occurred. These observations indicate that the treatments and manipulations to which sperm nuclei are subjected during flow sorting cause chromosomal aberrations, and that exposure of the cells to UV-laser irradiation contributes substantially to the chromosome damage observed.
Jurors' Use of Probabilistic Evidence

Mock jurors' use of probabilistic evidence was examined in a fractional factorial design manipulating 7 variables: strength of nonstatistical evidence; quantification of nonstatistical evidence; strength of statistical evidence; combination of 2 pieces of statistical evidence; instruction in use of Bayes' theorem; and presentation of fallacies (both prosecutor's and defense attorney's) concerning use of statistical evidence. One hundred eighty-nine subjects viewed 1 of 16 videotapes presenting a condensed mock trial. Subjects completed dependent measures after each of 4 witnesses and at the end of trial. The strength of both nonstatistical and probabilistic evidence affected verdicts; the other manipulations did not. Overall, subjects slightly underused the probabilistic evidence, as compared to their individualized Bayesian norms, and subjects did not succumb to fallacies. However, subjects greatly varied in over-or underutilization, even after Bayesian instruction. Future research should examine use of weak nonstatistical evidence, and should test different probabilistic instructions.
A macroscopic model for integrating bus signal priority with vehicle rescheduling

When a bus breaks down on a scheduled trip, one or more vehicles need to be rescheduled to serve that trip and other scheduled trips. A bus breakdown certainly delays the trip being served by the disabled bus and possibly delays or cancels other trips. The vehicle rescheduling problem (VRSP) is to reassign and reschedule the bus fleet to minimize the sum of operating costs, delay costs, schedule disruption costs, and trip cancellation costs. Bus operations may also be improved by bus signal priority (BSP), which can reduce bus delays at signalized intersections. If BSP is provided to the backup bus that travels to service the disabled bus’ passengers, it may reach the breakdown point more quickly. However, other buses that also pass through the corresponding intersections may be affected by signal priority. Therefore, a tradeoff must be made so that the backup bus can travel faster while other buses are not significantly delayed. A macroscopic model that integrates bus signal priority with bus rescheduling is proposed in this paper. Computational results show that the combination of BSP and VRSP effectively reduces the delay of the backup bus and decreases the delay costs.
Depletion of cellular glutathione by conditions used for the passaging of adherent cultured cells.

Abstract Cultured cells are commonly exposed to trypsin-containing solutions in order to prepare cell suspensions suitablefor subculture. Conditions used to release and disperse monolayers of cultured murine hepatoma 1c1c7 and humanbreast epithelial MCF10A cells caused the loss (40–95%) of cellular glutathione (GSH), but did not affect viability.Glutathione contents returned to pretrypsinization values within 24 h of replating. In contrast, the GSH contents ofcultured rat hepatoma 5L cells were not affected by trypsinization. Exposure of 1c1c7 cultures to H 2 O 2 or etoposide1 or 24 h after replating resulted in concentration-dependent cytostatic and cytotoxic effects. The concentration–re-sponse curves deﬁning the cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of etoposide, and the cytostatic effects of H 2 O 2 were notinﬂuenced by the timing of toxicant addition. However, 1c1c7 cultures treated with H 2 O 2 1 h after replating weremore susceptible to the cytotoxic actions of the peroxide than cultures treated 24 h after plating. These studies showthat conditions commonly used for the passaging of cultured cells can lead to a transient, but profound loss of GSHin some cell lines. Furthermore, the outcome of cytotoxicity analyses can be inﬂuenced by the time elapsed betweenthe plating of cultures and the addition of toxicant. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Tax-Adjusted Portfolio Optimization and Asset Location: Extensions and Synthesis

Models developed in a pretax framework do not necessarily apply in an after-tax framework, and this notion certainly applies to portfolio optimization. This article derives generalized tax adjustments to return and volatility inputs in an after-tax portfolio optimization algorithm. It extends the literature by incorporating an asset’s cost basis, addressing a broader array of taxable entities, and deriving expressions for off-diagonal terms in the covariance matrix. They develop a comprehensive framework that distinguishes between tax-adjustments predicated on pretax market values and after-tax values. The distinction is important so that portfolio managers can avoid inadvertently blending two inconsistent approaches.
Masking of contour-detectors in the human visual system

Inspection of horizontal, vertical, or diagonally oriented line gratings differentially affects the ability to detect test contours as a function of their orientation. The orientation-specific effects on visual acuity are systematic functions of the duration of adaptation to the patterns of light and dark lines.
Strong optical absorption in CuTaN2 nitride delafossite

We report on synthesis, stability, electronic structure and optical properties of CuTaN2 with the delafossite crystal structure and its potential use as an absorber for solar energy conversion applications. According to theoretical first-principles calculations, the formation enthalpy of CuTaN2 is negative (−0.66 eV per atom), but this material is metastable with respect to decomposition into Cu, Ta3N5 and N2. Nevertheless, the experimental thermal stability limit of single phase CuTaN2 powders synthesized using an ion exchange method is 250 °C in ambient atmosphere, according to combined temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction and thermo-gravimetric analyses. Electronic structure of the CuTaN2 is different compared to that of CuAlO2, in particular the band gap of this nitride delafossite (1.3 eV) calculated using HSE06+G0W0 is much smaller than the band gap of the oxide delafossite. The onset of optical absorption onset of CuTaN2 at 1.5 eV determined from experimental diffuse reflectance measurements is consistent with the theoretical 1.4 eV optical band gap and large calculated absorption coefficient (>105 cm−1 above 1.5 eV) determined from time-dependent HSE06 calculations corrected by a scissors operator. The significance of our findings is that optical properties of CuTaN2 are nearly optimal for photovoltaic energy conversion.
Optical finite impulse response neural networks

We present a time and space integrating optical architecture for multi-layer finite impulse response neural networks (FIRNN). The proposed architecture is capable of forward propagation and on-line learning in the form of backward propagation. FIRNNs are first presented and analyzed. From the analysis it is observed that the implementation of FIRNNs requires the calculation of temporal convolutions, which inspire the use of time-integrating and space- integrating optical architectures. A novel device is proposed for the space-integrating architecture, based on the use of a rotating volume hologram. Initially, two single-layer architectures based on the space integrating and time integrating architectures are presented, leading to the multi-layer architecture, which uses a combination of both architectures, folding them together in such a way that all the operations of the order O(N3) are performed optically and only the less computationally intensive operations are performed electronically.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Online assessment of problem solving skills

This overview evaluates the effectiveness of an alternative interactive scenario based assessment system (ISBAS). ISBAS addresses the limitations of traditional assessment methods, allowing students to troubleshoot complex scenarios, ask questions, and make diagnoses through an interactive web interface. The choices the student makes are tracked and scored based on predetermined, objective values. An analysis of student choices/decisions is used to assign a grade/proficiency level and provide the student feedback. ISBAS is efficient, flexible, and objectively evaluates the sophistication of complex knowledge and skills. The research question: is ISBAS more effective in assessing complex knowledge and skills in students than traditional methods of school assessment? This is a complex question; this study is a continuing step in the research to answer it.
Mid-infrared interferometry with high spectral resolution

ABSTRACT The Infrared Spatial Interferometer (ISI) is a three telescope interferometer system that operates near 11 microns wavelength using heterodyne detection with CO 2 lasers as local oscillators. Stellar measurements have been made using consistent instrumentation for 20 years, allowing comparisons of stellar sizes of red giant and Mira stars over time intervals which are long in comparison to stellar luminosity periods. Recent visibility and clos ure phase measurements of the star Betelgeuse have been fitted to simple image models and these results have been added to the 17 year record of stellar observations. A new area of investigation of stellar properties at very high spectral resolution will begin in the 2010-2011 observing season. The design of a new digital spectrometer-correlator system is discussed. This system will obtain visibility measurements on-and-off individual spectral lines and the continuum, simultaneously. Keywords: stellar interferometry, in terferometry instrumentati on, mid-infrared astronomy
The role of computed tomography in evaluation of skeletal metastases

Abstract Computed tomography was performed in 100 patients for additional evaluation of suspected skeletal metastases following radionuclide bone scanning in 86 patients and conventional radiography in all. A retrospective review of these cases revealed that the majority (78%) involved the spine and pelvis. Computed tomography contributed to the diagnosis of a malignancy by revealing a definite destructive lesion of bone in 27 patients who had an abnormal radionuclide bone scan, a normal or inconclusive radiograph, or both. It excluded a malignant lesion in 19 patients. In 38 patients, computed tomography provided additional information that contributed to such aspects of patient care as obtaining tissue diagnosis, determining the extent of lesions, and evaluating the response to treatment. False diagnoses were made in two patients. Detection by computed tomography of a skeletal lesion and histologic documentation, frequently by computed tomography-guided percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy, greatly curtailed an otherwise extensive search for the primary site. Furthermore, this information altered the treatment plan by obviating the need for radical resection or biopsy of the primary tumor and by directing the choice of an appropriate chemotherapeutic regimen.
Electrochemical determination of anaerobic microbial decay coefficients.

Abstract The biokinetics of attached and suspended bacteria are an essential component of activated sludge models, anaerobic digestion models and biofilm models. These parameters are often assumed or “confirmed” based on the goodness-of-fit of the bioprocess models. Using a microbial fuel cell with a baffled reactor chamber, the attached- and mixed-growth microbial decay coefficients were evaluated under anaerobic conditions. The capability for real-time voltage recording allows easy and accurate measurement of the anaerobic microbial decay coefficients ( b L , lysis-regrowth approach), which were determined to be 0.11 ± 0.01 and 0.15 ± 0.01 d −1 for attached (to anode) and mixed (present in the anode chamber) growth microorganisms, respectively. The corresponding half-saturation constants using glucose as a substrate were 204 ± 10 and 123 ± 1 mg COD l −1 . Hence, like an oxygen uptake rate-based approach to measure the microbial kinetics under aerobic conditions, the electrochemical recording provides an attractive method to measure anaerobic microbial decay coefficients.
Spatial uniformity of interface trap distribution in MOSFETs

The uniformity of the spatial distribution of (fast) interface traps N/sub it/ in small MOS devices was determined using charge pumping on MOSFETs with varying lengths and widths. The number of traps was found to be linearly proportional to both length and width as expected for a macroscopically uniform distribution. No evidence was found for an anomalous N/sub it/ distribution at the edges of the source/drain regions; however, the data suggest that there is a higher density of traps along the edges of LOCOS (local oxidation of silicon) field oxides. >
Why Kosovo doesn’t matter, and how it should

Although observers from around the world have suggested that the ‘Kosovo problem’, particularly if it resulted in independence, had the potential to unsettle world politics, this is simply not likely. We argue that the Kosovo case is so unique that it is not an exemplar for international affairs. In other words, due to factors such as the scale of international investment, security commitments, and great power tutelage and recognition, Kosovo just ‘doesn’t matter’ as a model for other separatist movements. That being said, we conclude with at least one feature of the long-running Kosovo intervention that has become an important pattern in US diplomacy – the liberation of average Muslim citizens from tyranny.
Process, Organizational, Relational, and Personal Determinants of Managerial Compliance-gaining Communication Strategies

Superior compliance-gaining strategies, subordinate resistance, and superior follow- up strategies were studied in a survey of 176 superior-key subordinate dyads repre senting a wide spectrum of organizations, positions, and hierarchical relationships. Results suggest that process variables (the types of resistance offered by subordinates) are the most important influence on managerial choice of compliance messages. Reasoning was the most frequently employed strategy, and its use was associated with high levels of formalization in organizations. Power was an important influence only on the use of assertiveness, probably because high power over subordinates lowers the costs of using assertiveness so that benefits of use outweigh costs. Other variables had little impact. The findings support a functional rather than a "causal" model of com pliance message selection in organizations.
Abandoned Housing and Its People: The Case of New York City*

This paper reviews the problem of housing abandonment and discusses local government responses to this issue. New York City is used as a case study because of its large number of abandoned buildings and its varied policies. A framework was developed to examine neighborhood change in terms of three dimensions: physical, social, and perceptual conditions. This approach will allow for studies to evaluate the impacts of public policies on housing abandonment and its people, thus enabling the selection of relevant and proven interventions. Such research may also facilitate local government efforts to develop policies toward preventing housing abandonment before it occurs.
Modeling household interactions in daily in-home and out-of-home maintenance activity participation

The activity travel patterns of individuals in a household are inter-related, and the realistic modeling of activity-travel behavior requires that these interdependencies be explicitly accommodated. This paper examines household interactions impacting weekday in-home and out-of-home maintenance activity generation in active, nuclear family, households. The in-home maintenance activity generation is modeled by examining the duration invested by the male and female household heads in household chores using a seemingly unrelated regression modeling system. The out-of-home maintenance activity generation is modeled in terms of the decision of the household to undertake shopping, allocation of the task to one or both household heads, and the duration of shopping for the person(s) allocated the responsibility. A joint mixed-logit hazard-duration model structure is developed and applied to the modeling of out-of-home maintenance activity generation. The results indicate that traditional gender roles continue to exist and, in particular, non-working women are more likely to share a large burden of the household maintenance tasks. The model for out-of-home maintenance activity generation indicates that joint activity participation in the case of shopping is motivated by resource (automobiles) constraints. Finally, women who have a higher propensity to shop are also found to be inherently more efficient shoppers.
A convenient procedure for the synthesis of fluoro-iron(III) complexes of common synthetic porphyrinates

We report here an improved method for the preparation of fluoro-iron(III) porphyrinate complexes. Treatment of [Fe2(P)2(μ-O)] (P = tetraphenylporphyrinate {TPP}, tetra-p-tolylporphyrinate {TTP}, or octaethylporphyrinate {OEP}) or [Fe(OH)(OH2)(TMP)] (TMP = tetramesitylporphyrinate) with the commercially available fluorinating agent, Et3N·3HF, in dichloromethane affords the desired [FeF(P)] complexes in a straightforward fashion and in good yield while avoiding the use of aqueous hydrofluoric acid. All fluoro-iron(III) complexes have been completely characterized by a series of different spectroscopic techniques including cyclic voltammetry. Reaction of a representative complex, [FeF(OEP)], with various chloride reagents demonstrates that halide exchange with chloride is facile, but only proceeds at an appreciable rate in the presence of proton sources. Unexpectedly, treatment of [FeF(OEP)] with NOBF4 did not to lead formation of an oxidized species, but rather to formation of the {Fe–NO}6 complex, [Fe(NO)(OEP)](BF4).
An optimization-based approach to dynamic data transformation for smart visualization

We are building a smart visual dialog system that aids users in investigating large and complex data sets. Given a user's data request, we automate the generation of a visual response that is tailored to the user's context. In this paper, we focus on the problem of data transformation, which is the process of preparing the raw data (e.g., cleaning and scaling) for effective visualization. Specifically, we develop an optimization-based approach to data transformation. Compared to existing approaches, which normally focus on specific transformation techniques, our work addresses how to dynamically determine proper data transformations for a wide variety of visualization situations. As a result, our work offers two unique contributions. First, we provide a general computational framework that can dynamically derive a set of data transformations to help optimize the quality of the target visualization. Second, we provide an extensible, feature-based model to uniformly represent various data transformation operations and visualization quality metrics. Our evaluation shows that our work significantly improves visualization quality and helps users to better perform their tasks.
Heat transfer from the surface of a steam bubble in turbulent subcooled liquid stream

Turbulent heat transfer coefficients have been measured at the surface of single bubbles formed by injecting steam into a subcooled water stream at atmospheric pressure. Depending upon the steam flow rate (0.4 to 1.5 g./min), the water temperature (80° to 180°F.), and the water velocity (0.9 to 7.2 ft./sec.) the bubbles ranged from small, smooth, ellipsoidal bubbles, similar to those observed in highly subcooled nucleate boiling, to large, irregular bubbles which oscillated in size. The bubble frequencies were in the range 200 to 2,500 cycles/sec. and the surface heat transfer coefficients 13,000 to 320,000 B.t.u./(hr.) (sq. ft.) (°F.). Because of these exceptionally high heat transfer coefficients a significant fraction of the total heat flow in Gunther's subcooled boiling experiments is estimated to be attributable to latent heat transport.
Age and paleoclimatic significance of the Stansbury shoreline of Lake Bonneville, Northeastern Great Basin

The Stansbury shoreline, one of the conspicuous late Pleistocene shorelines of Lake Bonneville, consists of tufa-cemented gravel and barrier beaches within a vertical zone of about 45 m, the lower limit of which is 70 m above the modern average level of Great Salt Lake. Stratigraphic evidence at a number of localities, including new evidence from Crater Island on the west side of the Great Salt Lake Desert, shows that the Stansbury shoreline formed during the transgressive phase of late Pleistocene Lake bonneville (sometime between about 22,000 and 20,000 yr B.P.). Tufa-cemented gravel and barrier beaches were deposited in the Stansbury shorezone during one or more fluctuations in water level with a maximum total amplitude of 45 m. We refer to the fluctuations as the Stansbury oscillation. The Stansbury oscillation cannot have been caused by basin-hypsometric factors, such as stabilization of lake level at an external overflow threshold or by expansion into an interior subbasin, or by changes in drainage basin size. Therefore, changes in climate must have caused the lake level to reverse its general rise, to drop about 45 m in altitude (reducing its surface area by about 18%, 5000 km2), and later to resume its rise. If the sizes of Great Basin lakes are controlled by the mean position of storm tracks and the jetstream, which as recently postulated may be controlled by the size of the continental ice sheets, the Stansbury oscillation may have been caused by a shift in the jetstream during a major interstade of the Laurentide ice sheet.
Dual techinques for constrained optimization

Algorithms for solving constrained optimization problems are presented. These schemes combine an unconstrained minimization scheme like the conjugate gradient method, an augmented Lagrangian, and multiplier updates to obtain global quadratic convergence. Since an augmented Lagrangian can be ill conditioned, a preconditioning strategy is developed to eliminate the instabilities associated with the penalty term. A criterion for deciding when to increase the penalty is presented.
Lisrel Model of Three Latent Variables from 19 Meaning of Work Items for Vocational Students

The problem for this investigation was to clarify relationships among responses to manifest variables by using scores on theoretical latent variables. The Meaning and Value of Work Scale, part I: Meaning of Work, was administered to 482 high school students enrolled in their first year of a vocational education program in Alabama. Polychoric correlations and asymptotic variance and covariance matrices were computed with PRELIS for the 40 meaning of work items. Three latent variables, Self-Actualization, Independence, and Societal were identified for the study. Results are reported on an unweighted least squares analysis. Phi of .81 was obtained between Independence and Societal with a corresponding t-value exceeding 20. The total coefficient of determination (reliability) for the manifest Self-Actualization variable was .85, for the manifest Independence and Societal variables, .96, and for the structural equations, .89. Results indicated that an individual's attitudes toward independence and society in a...
Technical communication education in a digital, visual world

Digital and visual communication is becoming a more integral part of the classroom; teachers must be digitally savvy in order to keep up and be able to connect with students. An exploration of the overlap of communication online and in the classroom, particularly the technical/professional communication classroom, will show the necessity of the inclusion of both paper-like documents and robust visual, digital, and social medias. By investigating the state of “communicating vision,” a faculty member and three advanced PhD students from a leading doctoral program will be able to share not only the vision of digital instruction, but also specific classroom practices that help make that shift.
796-3 Treatment of Superficial Femoral Artery Occlusion by Percutaneous Revascularization of Ipsilateral Iliac Artery Stenosis

The acute and long-term results of percutaneous revascularization of the lower extremities are typically superior for inflow (iliac) than distal (superficial femoral artery SFA, popliteal, or infrapopliteal disease). Accordingly, we investigated the utility of performing percutaneous revascularization for only inflow (iliac) lesions in pts with both inflow as well as distal disease. We treated 43 limbs in 36 pts (28 M, 8 F, age mean ± SD = 69 ± 8 yrs) with the combination of SFA occlusion and ipsilateral iliac artery lesions by percutaneous revascularization of the iliac artery lesion only. Ten lesions involved the common iliac artery, 18 involved both the common and the external iliac arteries, and 15 consisted of external iliac artery stenosis. All pts were symptomatically Rutherford class 3 and/or above. Mean ankle-brachial index (ABI) pre-procedure was 0.55 ± 0.19. Ipsilateral iliac artery stenosis, determined by quantitative angiography, was 80 ± 12%. All iliac lesions were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) ± stent placement. PostPTA, iliac artery stenosis decreased to 8 ± 8%. Of the 43 treated limbs, 40 (93%) were associated with improvement by at least one Rutherford class. One month post-procedure, mean ABI improved to 0.63 ± 0.19(p l 0.009). Complications were limited to 1 instance of arterial dissection which was successfully treated with a stent. Six-month follow-up was available on 24/43 limbs; 19/24 (79%) continued to show improved symptoms measured by Rutherford class. ABI's were remeasured at six months in 22 pts, and 18/22 (82%) showed improved ABI compared to baseline. Conclusion Percutaneous revascularization limited to iliac artery stenosis in patients with ipsilateral superficial femoral artery occlusion, by augmenting arterial inflow via a patent profunda, is frequently sufficient to produce clinical improvement of disabling symptoms.
The diagnostic and therapeutic challenge of nonepileptic seizures: An interdisciplinary approach

Nonepileptic seizures were recognized in antiquity, but their diagnosis continues to be challenging in the present day. The diagnosis of seizures as nonepileptic has been based on associated physical conditions, social factors, laboratory findings, or psychological test findings. Pitfalls remain in the use of electroencephalography. We present several case studies of representative etiologies that demonstrate the value and the need for an interdisciplinary approach focusing on the individual, in the present, in all current dimensions, with careful consideration of seizure phenomena, physical explanations for symptoms, and psychodynamic profile in order to make the diagnosis and formulate successful treatment. This interdisciplinary approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of nonepileptic seizures and, more often, leads to successful outcome.
Oral Contraceptives Raise the Cholesterol Saturation of Bile by Increasing Biliary Cholesterol Secretion

Abstract To discover the mechanism by which oral contraceptives increase the level of cholesterol saturation of human bile, we measured biliary lipid secretion rates, gallbladder and hepatic bile lipid composition, bile acid pool size, bile acid composition, and plasma lipoprotein levels in five healthy women during routine oral contraceptive treatment and again during normal menstrual cycles on no medication. The molar percent cholesterol in both gallbladder and hepatic bile was higher in every subject while taking oral contraceptives ( p p
Theory of dissociative recombination of a linear triatomic ion with permanent electric dipole moment: Study of HCO+

We present a theoretical description of dissociative recombination of triatomic molecular ions having large permanent dipole moments. The study has been partly motivated by a discrepancy between experimental and theoretical cross sections for dissociative recombination of the ${\text{HCO}}^{+}$ ion. The ${\text{HCO}}^{+}$ ion has a considerable permanent dipole moment $(D\ensuremath{\approx}4\text{ }\text{D})$, which has not been taken explicitly into account in previous theoretical studies. In the present study, we include explicitly the effect of the permanent electric dipole on the dynamics of the incident electron using the generalized quantum defect theory, and we present the resulting cross section obtained. This demonstrates the possibility of applying generalized quantum defect theory to the dissociative recombination of molecular ions.
A Romance Language Instructor Looks at the Slavic Languages

IT MAY be sheer presumption for me, a Romance language instructor, to address you on the subject of the Slavic languages. Yet, be it said, in self-defense, I have never been far removed from people and things Slavonic. My ancestors dwelled some two centuries in Poland and my parents immigrated here from Galicja. As for me, I was born and reared in the vicinity of Cleveland, Ohio. Truly, I cannot remember a time in my childhood when I did not hear neighbors and acquaintances speak Slovak, Czech, Slovene, Polish. My Ph.D. degree, obtained at the University of Wisconsin, included a minor in Slavic, with courses from Profs. Senn and Birkenmaier. During the recent war it was my privilege, while serving overseas with Gen. Donovan's Office of Strategic Services (OSS), to apply this Slavic training in the interrogation of POW's, DP's, refugees, etc., and in document translation. My teaching experience in this field has, however, been limited to a brief course in basic Russian for personnel of the OSS Bari detachment, in Italy, 1944-1945. Conceivably I might do worse than to begin my talk by repeating some remarks from the provocative article by Prof. Ludmila Buketoff Turkevich, in the June 15, 1948 AATSEEL bulletin:
Density functional calculations on the heats of formation of cyclic hydrocarbons

Abstract As part of an ongoing evaluation of the application of recent functionals to chemical systems, the heats of formation of the four smallest cyclic hydrocarbons were calculated. There was some variation in the calculated heats of formation, with some combinations of exchange and correlation functionals predicting Δ f H values closer to experiment than others. In addition, one set of exchange and correlation functionals yielded Δ f H values consistently higher than those of the other functionals. However, the calculated frequencies were close to the experimental values for the normal modes of vibration.
Vertical structure of the atmosphere of Venus from Pioneer Venus orbiter radio occultations

Between December 1978 and February 1979 the Pioneer Venus orbiter spacecraft returned some 140 S band and X band radio occultation measurements of the Venus atmosphere. Results from 13 measurements, covering diverse latitudes from near equatorial to polar, are presented in this paper in the form of vertical profiles of temperature. The temperature profiles show a pronounced inversion at the tropopause for latitudes higher than about 50 deg, with the deepest inversions occurring between the latitudes of 60 deg and 70 deg, the latitudes at which the cold collar cloud feature was observed by the Pioneer Venus Vortex instrument. A comparison of the temperature profiles derived from radio occultation measurements with the stratospheric infrared temperature soundings of the Vortex instrument and the in situ measurements of tropospheric temperature and pressure by the North, Sounder, and Day probes indicates excellent agreement.
A comparison of proximal radioulnar synostosis excision after trauma and distal biceps reattachment.

We tested the hypothesis that the results of operative resection of a proximal radioulnar synostosis are better when the synostosis is due to a distal biceps reattachment (11 patients) than when it occurs after trauma (13 patients). Two patients in the trauma cohort had recurrence of the synostosis, and 1 had repeat resection. Two patients in the trauma cohort and 1 in the biceps cohort had substantial loss of forearm rotation due to regrowth of heterotopic ossification without synostosis, and 2 patients were addressed with subsequent surgeries. The arc of forearm rotation after the index surgery averaged 94° in the trauma cohort and 131° in the biceps cohort. This study confirms that operative resection of a proximal radioulnar synostosis can restore substantial motion in most patients. The results for excision of a synostosis after a distal biceps reattachment were better than those of excision of a synostosis after trauma.
Possible role of dust-induced regional warming in abrupt climate change during the last glacial period

RECORDS from loess, sediments and ice cores indicate that the concentrations of tropospheric aerosols were higher in glacial periods than they are today, and that they peaked just before glacial terminations1–10. Energy-balance models have suggested11–14 that these high glacial aerosol loadings were a source of glacial cooling of the order of 1–3 °C. Here we present a different view based on three-dimensional climate simulations, which suggest that high glacial dust loading may have caused significant, episodic regional warming of over 5 °C downwind of major Asian and ice-margin dust sources. Less warming was likely close to and over the oceans because of local cooling by sea-salt and marine sulphate aerosols. Abrupt changes in dust loading are associated with the Dansgaard–Oeschger and Heinrich climate events and with glacial termination3,8,15, suggesting that dust-induced warming may have played a role in triggering these large shifts in Pleistocene climate.
NEAR-OPTIMUM CAPACITOR ALLOCATION ON DISTRIBUTION FEEDERS FOR VOLTAGE CONTROL

ABSTRACT This paper presents a method for determining the near-optimum location and amount of reactive power necessary to bring the voltage profile within tolerance on a radial primary distribution feeder, for a user-defined number of compensating reactors (i.e. capacitors). The method is simple, accurate, and requires no assumptions with regard to the system radial topology, impedances, or loads. Implementation of the method requires the capability of solving the power flow problem on a radial unbalanced system. A numerical example demonstrating the application of the method is provided.
The Tissue-Selective Estrogen Complex (TSEC): A Promising New Therapy for Menopausal Symptoms and Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

The menopausal transition may be associated with bothersome symptoms and increased risk of osteoporosis that can decrease quality of life for women. The primary treatment option is hormone therapy, which has been associated with some safety and tolerability concerns. The tissue-selective estrogen complex (TSEC) is a novel therapy that pairs a selective estrogen receptor modulator with one or more estrogens. The first TSEC in clinical development partners bazedoxifene (BZA) with conjugated estrogens (CE) and has been evaluated in the phase 3 Selective estrogens, Menopause, And Response to Therapy (SMART) trials. BZA 20 mg/CE 0.45 and 0.625 mg have been shown to be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of hot flushes and improving measures of vulvar/vaginal atrophy. These BZA/CE doses have also been shown to increase bone mineral density and reduce bone turnover without stimulating the endometrium and breast. BZA/CE represents a promising new therapy for postmenopausal women.