cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Visual Analytics Dashboard to Summarize Serial Anesthesia Records in Pediatric Radiation Treatment

Background Young children who undergo radiation therapy may require general anesthesia to remain still during weeks of radiation sessions. On a typical day at our hospital, an anesthesia team will care for 10 patients in the radiation therapy suite, and each patient will have multiple prior anesthetic records. Daily review of prior anesthesia records is important to maintain anesthetic consistency and to identify potential improvement, yet our electronic health record (EHR) made such review time-consuming and cumbersome. Objectives This article aims to design a visual analytics interface that simultaneously displays data from multiple anesthesia encounters to support clinical consistency in medications and airway management. Methods Documentation from the EHR is available in the clinical data warehouse following daily backups. A visual analytics interface was built to aggregate important components of multiple anesthesia encounters in pediatric radiation oncology on a single screen. The application was embedded in the EHR's anesthesia module and updated daily. Results Each anesthesia encounter was represented by a vertical line with the date at the bottom of the screen. Each vertical line was divided into sections corresponding to the medications, type of airway device, type of radiation oncology procedure, days between treatments, and recovery score and time. Information about the medications, airways, and procedures was shown with icon legends. This layout enabled users to quickly see the key components of multiple anesthetics and make inferences between, for example, the medications used and the recovery score. Conclusion The dashboard provides a high-level summary of all radiation therapy anesthesia records for children receiving recurrent treatments. In this clinical scenario, it is desirable to replicate an optimal anesthetic approach for daily or near-daily treatments or adjust the anesthetic based on observed patterns.
Fast and slow cancellations and trader behavior

We investigate how short‐lived liquidity supply due to order cancellations affects the order‐placement behavior of slow traders. When order cancellations increase, slow traders submit fewer and less aggressive orders. Both short‐ and long‐lived liquidity supply have positive effects on the market overall, reducing spreads and increasing depth. We conclude that it is not necessary to require limit orders to have a minimum lifespan. We develop econometric and machine‐learning frameworks that allow traders to predict whether a quote is likely to have a short or long life, increasing the ability of slow traders to respond strategically to changing order flow.
Degenerate perturbation theory for open systems

We derive an effective equation of motion within the steady-state subspace of a large family of Markovian open systems (i.e., Lindbladians) subject to perturbations of their Hamiltonians and system-bath couplings. © 2019 The Author(s)
Experiments and CFD for the propeller wake of a generic submarine operating near the surface

Abstract An experimental and computational fluid dynamics (EFD and CFD) study of the appended notional submarine DARPA Suboff fitted with the 7-bladed E1658 propeller and operating near the free surface is presented. The flow measurements were taken using particle image velocimetry with a multi-camera configuration in the Large Free Surface Cavitation Channel at INM. Single-phase level set numerical simulations with an overset approach were performed for three advance coefficients ( J = 0.5 , 0.65 , 0.82 ) at three shaft depths ( z / D = 1 , 1.5 , 2 ). The results reveal that the presence of the hull and the interaction with the free surface strongly affect the inflow and wake of the propeller, producing higher local advance coefficient and blade loads near the surface. Strong free surface fluctuations at small shaft depth also cause instability and breakdown of the propeller tip vortices in the near field. CFD simulations show elliptic instability before vortex breakdown. Comparison between CFD with EFD shows that CFD matches overall trends well, mainly for the phase-averaged flow field, but underpredicts wake fluctuations and thus displays more coherent phase-averaged vorticity. In addition, CFD results also underpredict tip vortex strength and predicts vortex instabilities farther downstream from the propeller plane due to the unresolved upstream turbulence.
Can Targeted Grazing Reduce Abundance of Invasive Perennial Grass (Kentucky Bluegrass) on Native Mixed-Grass Prairie?

Abstract The rapid increase of Poa pratensis L. (Kentucky bluegrass) on North Dakota grasslands during the past 30 yr has negatively impacted ecological services. Kentucky bluegrass grows earlier in the spring than many native grasses, which provides an opportunity to use targeted grazing to reduce Kentucky bluegrass and increase native grasses. A 5 year replicated study used 10 cow-calf pairs or pregnant cows to graze 3-ha paddocks in early to mid-May, early spring, (EARLY) until 30% of the native species were grazed. After 1 June, late spring−early summer, five cow-calf pairs were grazed on 3-ha paddocks (LATE) for twice as long as the EARLY treatment. Biomass was clipped inside and outside of cages after each grazing event and outside cages in the fall. In each paddock, a hundred 10-point frames were taken to determine percent native grass, Kentucky bluegrass, Bromus inermis Leyss. (smooth bromegrass), native forbs, and introduced forbs. After 5 yr, native grass abundance in the EARLY paddocks was 26% greater than in the LATE paddocks. Kentucky bluegrass abundance only differed the second year of the study when the EARLY paddocks had 32% less Kentucky bluegrass than the LATE paddocks. Total biomass was greater in the EARLY paddocks than LATE paddocks in year 2 of the study (886 ± 74 g m−2 vs. 608 ± 28 g m−2 for EARLY and LATE, respectively). Targeted grazing by cattle in early spring can increase native grass abundance and, depending on the year, decrease abundance of Kentucky bluegrass. Early spring targeted grazing should be used as a tool in adaptive management programs focusing on reduction of Kentucky bluegrass.
What is the Role of Sugammadex in the Emergency Department

Abstract Background Sugammadex is a medication newly available to many emergency physicians. It effectively, and within minutes, reverses neuromuscular blockade in patients who have received rocuronium or vecuronium. The role of sugammadex for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade after rapid sequence intubation in the emergency department (ED) is evolving, and limited emergency medicine-specific literature exists. Objective This narrative review evaluates the role of sugammadex for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in the ED. Discussion The basic pharmacology, duration of action, adverse effects, and important medication and disease interactions specific to sugammadex are well described. Case reports suggest sugammadex can reverse neuromuscular blockade to facilitate an urgent, neurologic examination by an emergency physician or consultant. Multiple case reports of failure to improve airway patency with the use of sugammadex, even when neuromuscular blockade is completely reversed, and concern for added difficulty of definitive airway management in a patient with spontaneous movement suggest that sugammadex should largely be omitted from failed or difficult airway management strategies. Instead, it is important to focus on the ability to oxygenate and ventilate, including progression to surgical airway or jet ventilation if needed. Conclusion Sugammadex is an effective, rapid reversal agent for rocuronium and has the potential use to facilitate an urgent neurologic examination shortly after administration of rocuronium. Its routine inclusion in a failed or difficult emergency airway is not supported by available literature.
Exosomes and MicroRNA-223 at the Intersection of Inflammation and Fibrosis in NAFLD.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are the most common causes of liver disease. Progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to NASH is mediated by multiple signals that include activation of inflammatory cells, such as neutrophil leukocytes, monocytes, and macrophages, in the liver and fibrotic processes due to stellate cell and myelofibroblast activation.(1).
Cardio-Oncology in the COVID-19 Era

In December 2019, Wuhan city, the capital of Hubei province in China, became the center of an outbreak of pneumonia caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, designated in February 2020 as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Phenotype and pathological significance of MCAM+ (CD146+) T cell subset in psoriatic arthritis.

CD146 (MCAM-melanoma cell adhesion molecule) is a cell surface adhesion molecule for Laminin 411. T cells expressing MCAM are mainly responsible for IL-17 production. IL-17 secreting T helper cells (Th17 cells) are critical for the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Here we hypothesized enrichment of CD146+IL-17+ memory T cells in PsA synovium and studied the association of CD146 expression and CD4+IL-17+ activated memory (CD11a+CD45RO+) T cells in synovial fluid and blood of PSA, rheumatoid arthritis (RA, a positive control) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Hi-D FACS studies were done to identify IL-17 in CD4+CD146+CD45RO+ and CD8+CD146+CD45RO+ T cells. We observed that effector CD146+(MCAM+) T cells are enriched at the synovial inflammation site in PsA. As CD146+ T cells are a key resource for IL-17 it is likely that the enrichment of these MCAM+ pathologic cells are critical for the disease process of PsA.
Quantification of Dominating Factors in Tritium Permeation in PbLi Blankets

In this paper the problem of tritium transport in PbLi (Lead-Lithium) blankets has been studied and analyzed by means of our recently developed computational models. Several simulations are perform...
Low Cost High Quality Fabrication Methods and CAD for Diffractive Optics and Computer Holograms Compatible with Micro-Electronics and Micro-Mechanics Fabrication

State-of-the-art diffractive optical elements (DOEs) and computer generated holograms (CGHs) are fabricated using e-beam lithography and dry etching techniques to achieve multi-level phase elements with very high diffraction efficiencies. Electron beam lithography allows DOEs/CGHs with smaller feature sizes (e.g. for off-axis diffractive lenses with small f-number) to be fabricated. Dry etching techniques, especially chemically assisted reactive ion beam, allows DOEs/CGHs be fabricated in a variety of materials. Multi-level phase DOEs/CGHs, especially those of sixteen or more phase levels, mean their surface profiles are fabricated with high accuracy / quality. It is not only the e-beam system which dictates the feature size limitations, but also the alignment systems (mask aligner) and the materials (e-beam or photo resists). In order to allow DOEs/CGHs to be used in new optoelectronic systems, it is necessary also to fabricate the elements in different materials economically. Since the cost of a multi-level phase DOE/CGH is determined by the e-beam writing time, the number of etching steps for fabricating the master, and the technology for replication, we need to decrease the writing time and etching steps for the master and to develop a low cost replication technology for mass production without affecting the quality of the DOEs/CGHs. In this Chapter, we will review three DOE/CGH fabrication techniques and CAD development required, considering the overall design and fabrication time for multi-level phase DOEs.
Using Propensity Scores to Reduce Selection Bias in Mathematics Education Research

Selection bias is a problem for mathematics education researchers interested in using observational rather than experimental data to make causal inferences about the effects of different instructional methods in mathematics on student outcomes. Propensity score methods represent 1 approach to dealing with such selection bias. This article describes general principles underlying propensity score methods and illustrates their application to mathematics education research using 2 examples investigating the impact of problem-solving emphasis in mathematics classrooms on students' subse quent mathematics achievement and course taking. Limitations of the method are discussed.
Virtual multi-homing: on the feasibility of combining overlay routing with BGP routing

This paper proposes a framework called Virtual Multi-Homing (VMH) to achieve loose source-based path selection and improve inter-domain path diversity. VMH is based on the concept of Virtual Peering and Multi-Homing Overlay to set up flexible inter-domain relationships. By interacting with BGP whenever possible, VMH can achieve scalable inter-domain route discovery without introducing duplicate work. In addition, VMH is a complementary approach to the existing Internet routing infrastructure and can be incrementally deployed.
Relationship of peptic ulceration to superficial spreading carcinoma of the stomach.

Summary 1.Two cases of superficial spreading carcinoma with associated peptic ulceration are reported in detail. One patient is living over 10 years and the other 1 year since surgery. 2.The pathology, clinical characteristics, and prognostic considerations in superficial spreading carcinomas of the stomach are discussed. 3.The need of searching for these lesions is stressed, and serial block dissection is urged for all surgical specimens removed for gastric ulcerations. 4.The suggestion is made that all gastric resections for gastric ulceration include the regional lymph nodes and greater omentum despite the apparently benign gross appearance of the lesion.
The ‘New Cambridge’ aggregate expenditure function: The emperor's old clothes?

Abstract One of the main distinguishing features of the macroeconomics of the New Cambridge group is their aggregate expenditure function. They claim that total private expenditure is well explained by a regression on current and last period income plus a small number of other variables. Any adjustment of expenditure to income is completed within two periods. This paper questions the interpretation of their results. They do not seem to allow adequately for the fact that their equation is close to an identity. What they claim to be a simultaneous equation technique is no such thing, and amounts to the imposition of an arbitrary restriction. At the very least, their methodology requires some further justification.
Inhibition of transient receptor potential canonical channels impairs cytokinesis in human malignant gliomas.

Abstract. Objectives: Glial‐derived primary brain tumours, gliomas, are among the fastest growing malignancies and present a huge clinical challenge. Research suggests an important, yet poorly understood, role of ion channels in growth control of normal and malignant cells. In this study, we sought to functionally characterize Transient Receptor Potential Canoncial (TRPC) channels in glioma cell proliferation. TRPC channels form non‐selective cation channels that have been suggested to represent a Ca2+ influx pathway impacting cellular growth. Materials and Methods: Employing a combination of molecular, biochemical and biophysical techniques, we characterized TRPC channels in glioma cells. Results: We showed consistent expression of four channel family members (TRPC‐1, ‐3, ‐5, ‐6) in glioma cell lines and acute patient‐derived tissues. These channels gave rise to small, non‐voltage‐dependent cation currents that were blocked by the TRPC inhibitors GdCl3, 2‐APB, or {"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"SKF96365","term_id":"1156357400"}}SKF96365. Importantly, TRPC channels contributed to the resting conductance of glioma cells and their acute pharmacological inhibition caused an ~10 mV hyperpolarization of the cells’ resting potential. Additionally, chronic application of the TRPC inhibitor {"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"SKF96365","term_id":"1156357400"}}SKF96365 caused near complete growth arrest. A detailed analysis, by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting and time‐lapse microscopy, showed that growth inhibition occurred at the G2+ M phase of the cell cycle with cytokinesis defects. Cells underwent incomplete cell divisions and became multinucleate, enlarged cells. Conclusions: Nuclear atypia and enlarged cells are histopathological hallmarks for glioblastoma multiforme, the highest grade glioma, suggesting that a defect in TRPC channel function may contribute to cellular abnormalities in these tumours.
PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING, MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK CONVALESCENT CARE

A study of convalescent care in 6 general institutions in and around New York City has revealed serious gaps in the services designed to meet the needs of children. Major gaps were found in such areas as medical service, social service, therapy, nursing service, recreation, and physical facilities. Questions are raised concerning the future role, if any, convalescent institutions might play. The need for intensive studies of convalescent institutions is apparent, if the available community funds are to be used to moot the present and future needs of the most children.
Segmentation and quantification of adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging

In this brief review, introductory concepts in animal and human adipose tissue segmentation using proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography are summarized in the context of obesity research. Adipose tissue segmentation and quantification using spin relaxation-based (e.g., T1-weighted, T2-weighted), relaxometry-based (e.g., T1-, T2-, T2*-mapping), chemical-shift selective, and chemical-shift encoded water-fat MRI pulse sequences are briefly discussed. The continuing interest to classify subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue depots into smaller sub-depot compartments is mentioned. The use of a single slice, a stack of slices across a limited anatomical region, or a whole body protocol is considered. Common image post-processing steps and emerging atlas-based automated segmentation techniques are noted. Finally, the article identifies some directions of future research, including a discussion on the growing topic of brown adipose tissue and related segmentation considerations.
Scattering of two coherent light beams

This paper discusses the scattering of two coherent light beams by a fixed obstacle. The explicit form of the generalized optical theorem for this scattering is also included. Two different methods are used to determine the amplitudes as well as phases of the scattering-matrix elements. In the first method, the extinction cross section is measured and the matrix elements are determined by use of the generalized optical theorem. The second method consists of direct measurements of the conventional and coherent differential cross sections. Because the scattering of two coherent light beams is not well known, we show some interesting examples. In one case, the extinction cross section is zero; in another case, the extinction cross section is four times the geometrical cross section of the obstacle.
New torsion theory in unital abelian ℓ-groups

This paper introduces the notion of a functorial torsion class (FTC): in a concrete category \(\mathfrak{C}\) which has image factorization, one considers monocoreflective subcategories which are closed under formation of subobjects.
Substantial velocity dependence of rotationally inelastic collision cross sections in Li*2—Xe

A Doppler-based velocity selection technique has been used to measure the relative velocity dependence of the cross sections σji,Δ(νr) for rotationally inelastic collisions from level ji to ji + Δν1 = 8,22,42) in 7Li*2 A 1Σ+u)—Xe. The σjν±2(νr) are strongly attenuated at a smaller νr by “torque averaging” due to molecular rotation; in contrast, for large |Δ|, σjiΔ = νr−n (1 ≲ n ≲ 2). An empirical intermolecular potential which reproduces these types of behavior for 3-D classical trajectories is exhibited.
Interdisciplinary Studies and Comparative Literature in China and the West

In his article "Interdisciplinary Studies and Comparative Literature in China and the West" Aaron Lee Moore addresses the arguments on the part of Chinese and Western scholars against and for the full inclusion of interdisciplinary studies within the discipline of comparative literature. Interdisciplinary studies, in general, have been resisted in Chinese scholarship as it once was in the U.S. and other Western countries. Moore discusses the major Chinese arguments for and against interdisciplinary studies in general and interdisciplinary studies within comparative literature. Moore's main argument is that the study of literature by necessity must always cross disciplinary boundaries and the argument that interdisciplinary studies often leads to "amateurism" is indefensible. Further, Moore highlights the benefits of interdisciplinary studies within comparative literature in the West and the potential benefits of a wider range of interdisciplinary studies in Chinese scholarship
Nuclear bremsstrahlung from a spin-zero target

Abstract From Low's theorem the low-energy limit of the bremsstrahlung amplitudes can be calculated from the corresponding elastic scattering cross section. We apply this to proton bombardment of 12 C. The results give a differential cross section which agrees quantitatively with the experimental data for bremsstrahlung induced by 140 MeV lab energy protons on 12 C.
Low uplift rates and terrace reoccupation inferred from mollusk aminostratigraphy, Coquimbo Bay area, Chile

Abstract Mollusk aminostratigraphy of Quaternary marine terrace sediments at Coquimbo Bay, Chile, combined with recently available electron spin resonance (ESR) ages, necessitates revision of the northern Chilean relative sea-level and terrace chronology. Protothaca and Mulinia d -alloisoleucine/ l -isoleucine values define four aminozones which are consistent with available ESR ages. Terrace reoccupation during successive high sea-level stands is inferred on the basis of litho- and aminostratigraphically defined unconformities in terrace sediments. ESR data and a nonlinear kinetic racemization model give approximate numerical ages for the aminozones and thus yield estimates of net uplift rates. These rates, averaged over intervals of one to several hundred thousand years, have ranged from less than 0.1 m/1000 yr to no more than 0.2 m/1000 yr. Such slow uplift is the cause of terrace reoccupation, as the amount of uplift between successive glacioeustatic high sea-level stands is frequently not sufficient to isolate an earlier-formed abrasion platform from rising sea level during a subsequent high stand.
Severity of Psychological Distress among Adults with and without Disabilities

Objectives: Our objective was to examine the extent to which serious psychological distress (SPD) is associated with behavioral and social correlates among US adults with self-reported disabilities.
Correlation between superconducting transition temperature and the cauchy discrepancy in body-centered-cubic transition metals

Abstract For body-centered-cubic transition metals, an empirical relationship exists between the superconducting transition temperature and the Cauchy discrepancy. This correlation may arise from many-atom effects.
The Figure of the Transwoman of Color Through the Lens of “Doing Gender”:

often visit my birth family in Manati, a mid-size town in Puerto Rico.For over 20 years, I have driven on a main road (before the expresswaywas built) that connected the West and the North parts of the Island. At theoutskirts of town, there is often a voluptuous woman—with low hips, darkhair, tight jeans, and more often than not smoking a cigarette. She standsby the side of the road in what seems to be a small pathway to a house.She cruises the passing cars, but sometimes just stands there—waiting tobe noticed. Growing up queer in Manati, I have noticed this woman manytimes in the last two decades; although I have never spoken to her, Ilearned long ago that she is a transwoman. Recently, Mom and I drove by,and I checked to see if she was still there. With the rise of the AIDS epi-demic since the 1980s, and my (erroneous) assumptions about sex workand HIV risk, I have wondered if she is still alive. “Oh she is still there,”says my mom. And I see her. I try to understand why she signifies so muchin my imagination, how she reassures me by being alive, why I need to seeher standing there. This transwoman signifies to me the figure of thetranswoman of color. Who do you imagine her to be? What is your figureof the transwoman of color?This vignette illustrates both my assumptions about what the readermight (not) know, as well as my own position vis-a-vis “trans” people. Asa nontranssexual queer man, I hold a set of readings on gender (West andZimmerman 1987) that shape how I view nontranssexual women andmen, and transpeople. As a professor from a U.S. ethno-racial minoritygroup, I also bring an understanding about the varied raced (and classed)experiences—in general, and of transpeople in particular. The figure of thetranswoman of color helps illustrate the extent to which the “doing gen-der” framework has dealt with transgender/transsexual people.
An experiment of stress buildup and relaxation in the flow of viscoelastic polymer melts

Transient experiments with polymer melts were carried out using the flow birefringence technique. In the transient experiment, motion pictures were taken of isochromatic fringe patterns of polymer melts when a step change in melt flow was introduced. It has been demonstrated that the flow birefringence technique can provide information on the transient behavior of viscoelastic polymer melts in the entire flow field.
Linking typhoon tracks with rainfall patterns and flood timing

Being able to predict the timing and amount of flooding during and following a hurricane or typhoon would improve early warning and mitigation efforts. However, variable typhoon tracks and interaction between typhoons and varied landscapes make flood prediction challenging. Huang et al. investigated the detailed distribution of typhoon-induced rainfall over a mesoscale mountainous watershed located in eastern Taiwan, a region that is regularly affected by severe typhoons—losses associated with typhoons in Taiwan can reach $500 million per year. The researchers analyzed high-resolution radar observations of 38 rainfall events during 2000–2010 in eastern Taiwan to study the relationship between typhoon track, rainfall patterns, and the timing of peak flooding.
Automatic calibration of lithography simulation parameters using multiple data sets

In this paper a systematic approach to calibrating resist parameters will be provided. The calibration procedure couples nonlinear least squares fitting algorithms with a lithography simulator to achieve the best match between lithographic data and simulation. The importance of calibrating resist parameters using multiple data sets to achieve a unique and predictive model will be discussed. Several examples will be given for chemically amplified resists.
Newton methods for parametric surface registration. Part II. Experimental validation

The first part of this paper introduced a new freeform surface registration algorithm whereby sets of points measured from a physical surface are aligned to the computer-aided design model of the surface. The algorithm is based on traditional Newton minimization techniques with the benefit of analytic formulas for derivatives. In the past, these techniques have been abandoned due to the inability to efficiently compute derivative information of the registration objective function. The result is a new method for parametric surface registration. In the second part, more specific implementation details are given such as the various types of Newton methods employed. In addition, experimental results are provided that compare these new methods to existing registration techniques such as ICP [IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 14 (1992) 239]. The results reveal the advantages and disadvantages characteristic of these new techniques.
Improving Service Quality through Use of Standard Workbenches

Service providers strive to provide consistently high quality services to their clients, in the same way that manufactures strive to provide high quality products to their customers. To paraphrase W. E. Deming, a pioneer in improving manufacturing quality, unnecessary variation leads to poor quality. Eliminating variation, through standardization and better training is one way to improve service quality. With this view in mind, we examined how IBM Global Services delivered business consulting services, especially ERP deployment. Such services follow prescribed methods which specify tasks to perform and work products to deliver. However, how to perform the activities and which tools and starting content to use was left to the individual project. The workbenches that we have implemented and deployed to IBM Global Services aim to eliminating unnecessary variation in how the service is preformed and increasing the reuse of assets. Each tool provides guidance, is integrated with tools providing support for upstream and downstream activities and automates routine activities, where possible. Beyond the benefits achieved by using workbenches to reduce unnecessary variation, and therefore improve quality, we are also seeing significant efficiency gains. In particular, by using standard workbenches, consultants moving from one project to other can easily and quickly get started without having to learn a new environment. This helps consultants increase their efficiency by 20% to 30% when project assignments are short. In addition, we estimate is that IBM will save 60-70% of training cost since consultants will need to learn fewer tools and can take advantage of in-task guidance to learn tasks as needed. Finally, by integrating the complete project lifecycle around a single, integrated, toolset, we are able to push an additional 15% work to global delivery centers, where specialist can perform the same task for many projects, again reducing variation and improving quality.
DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPIDER GENERA OF TRECHALEIDAE (ARANEAE, LYCOSOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AMERICA

Two new genera in the spider family Trechaleidae, Trechaleoides and Paratrechalea, are described. The females of the two known species of Trechaleoides, T. keyserlingi (F.O.P.-Cambridge) (type species) and T. biocellata (Mello-Leitao) are redescribed and their respective males are described for the first time; both are transferred from Trechalea. Two additional previously described species, also both transferred from Trechalea, are herein placed in the genus Paratrechalea are redescribed from their types, i.e., the female of P. ornata (Mello-Leitao) (type species) and male ofP. wygodzinskyi (Soares & Ca- margo). The male of P. ornata is described for the first time. Four new species of Paratrechalea, P. longigaster, P. galianoae, and P. azul from females, and P. saopaulo from males and females are de- scribed. The immature specimen historically regarded as the holotype of Trechalea longitarsis(C.L. Koch) and regarded as a mistaken identity, is an unidentified species of Trechaleoides. The female holotype of Trechalea limai Mello-Leitao is confirmed to be lost but is considered to be a member of the genus Paratrechalea based on a study of the original description.
Anomalous 131Xe in barites

Abstract Five barites from North America were analyzed for the abundance and isotopic composition of Kr and Xe in an attempt to find 131Xe anomalies from the capture of epithermal neutrons on 130Ba. Excess 131Xe was found in two of the samples, 118B from Pea Ridge Mine of Sullivan, Missouri, and 119B from Franklin, New Jersey. The highest enrichment of 131Xe (108%) was observed in the gas released from sample 118B. The enrichment of 131Xe for sample 119B is 27%. We show that the neutron source for the reaction 130 Ba (n, γ) → 131 Xe is the decay of actinide elements in the host rocks. However, no prominent anomalies were observed from the presence of fissiogenic xenon.
Long-term functional urinary outcomes comparing single- vs double-layer urethrovesical anastomosis: two-year follow-up of a two-group parallel randomized controlled trial.

Objectives To evaluate long-term urinary outcomes in participants of a two-group randomized clinical trial comparing continence after robotic prostatectomy (RP) between those who had reconstruction of the rhabdosphincter and puboprostatic collar (double-layer anastomosis) with those who had not. Methods Consecutive patients (n = 116) undergoing RP at a single institution were randomized to either single- or double-layer urethrovesical (UV) anastomosis between August and December of 2007. Patients were contacted an average of 23.5 months postoperatively. A survey was performed by a third-party assessor blinded to the intervention, to evaluate urinary outcomes by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), pad usage, and pad weight for those with persistent incontinence. Results Follow-up at 2 years was 86.5%. There was no statistically significant difference in demographic or preoperative functional variables between groups. There was no difference between groups regarding urine leakage weights, pad usage rates, long-term IPSS score, or IPSS bother score. Both patients in the cohort with incontinence and both with bladder neck contracture (requiring a single dilation) were in the single-layer UV anastomosis group (not significant), yet these patients had not experienced an anastomotic leak at one week. Conclusions Long-term functional urinary outcomes were excellent for patients undergoing RP with either single- or double-layer UV anastomosis. IPSS scores and pad usage rates and weights were equivalent between groups. Although patients with single-layer anastomoses were more likely to have a leak at one-week cystogram and longer duration of catheter placement, this did not lead directly to bladder neck contracture or incontinence.
Simulation of pulsed squeezing in optical fiber with chromatic dispersion

Pulsed squeezing in lossless optical fiber with Kerr nonlinearity and chromatic dispersion is numerically simulated by the use of the linearization approximation. The formalism developed here allows us to predict squeezing for an arbitrary initial complex pulse envelope in a fiber with nonlinearity and dispersion. The results show that squeezing is not necessarily reduced by large temporal and spectral distortions of the pulse caused by dispersion and can even be enhanced in certain cases.
Environmental regulation of type X collagen production by cultures of limb mesenchyme, mesectoderm, and sternal chondrocytes☆

We have examined whether the production of hypertrophic cartilage matrix reflecting a late stage in the development of chondrocytes which participate in endochondral bone formation, is the result of cell lineage, environmental influence, or both. We have compared the ability of cultured limb mesenchyme and mesectoderm to synthesize type X collagen, a marker highly selective for hypertrophic cartilage. High density cultures of limb mesenchyme from stage 23 and 24 chick embryos contain many cells that react positively for type II collagen by immunohistochemistry, but only a few of these initiate type X collagen synthesis. When limb mesenchyme cells are cultured in or on hydrated collagen gels or in agarose (conditions previously shown to promote chondrogenesis in low density cultures), almost all initiate synthesis of both collagen types. Similarly, collagen gel cultures of limb mesenchyme from stage 17 embryos synthesize type II collagen and with some additional delay type X collagen. However, cytochalasin D treatment of subconfluent cultures on plastic substrates, another treatment known to promote chondrogenesis, induces the production of type II collagen, but not type X collagen. These results demonstrate that the appearance of type X collagen in limb cartilage is environmentally regulated. Mesectodermal cells from the maxillary process of stages 24 and 28 chick embryos were cultured in or on hydrated collagen gels. Such cells initiate synthesis of type II collagen, and eventually type X collagen. Some cells contain only type II collagen and some contain both types II and X collagen. On the other hand, cultures of mandibular processes from stage 29 embryos contain chondrocytes with both collagen types and a larger overall number of chondrogenic foci than the maxillary process cultures. Since the maxillary process does not produce cartilage in situ and the mandibular process forms Meckel's cartilage which does not hypertrophy in situ, environmental influences, probably inhibitory in nature, must regulate chondrogenesis in mesectodermal derivatives. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The long-range scanning stage: a novel platform for scanned-probe microscopy

Abstract This paper describes a magnetically suspended six degree-of-freedom precision motion control stage with a horizontal positioning noise of less than 0.6 nm three sigma. The vertical positioning noise is less than 2.2 nm three sigma. The stage utilizes four levitation linear motors to suspend and servo the moving element (platen) throughout its 25 mm × 25 mm × 0.1 mm range of travel. Position feedback is provided by three plane mirror interferometers and three capacitance probes. The suspended platen (12 kg mass) is floated in oil to enhance the stage’s disturbance rejection and to reduce power dissipation in the actuators. The stage has been designed to achieve a positioning accuracy of 10 nm and is used to position samples beneath a scanned probe microscope. The ultimate purpose of this measuring machine is to provide a means of measuring submicron-scale features with nanometer-scale accuracy. The technology can easily be scaled to larger travels, with accuracy limited primarily by the wavelength instability of the HeNe light source. This article gives an overview of the LORS project, emphasizing the system error terms, tolerancing, and experimental results.
Identification of conserved cis-elements and transcription factors required for sterol-regulated transcription of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 and 2.

We previously identified stearoyl-CoA desaturase 2 (SCD2) as a new member of the family of genes that are transcriptionally regulated in response to changing levels of nuclear sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) or adipocyte determination and differentiation factor 1 (ADD1). A novel sterol regulatory element (SRE) (5′-AGCAGATTGTG-3′) identified in the proximal promoter of the mouse SCD2 gene is required for induction of SCD2 promoter-reporter genes in response to cellular sterol depletion (Tabor, D. E., Kim, J. B., Spiegelman, B. M., and Edwards, P. A. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 22052–22058). In this report, we demonstrate that this novel SRE is both present in the promoter of the SCD1 gene and is critical for the sterol-dependent transcription of SCD1 promoter-reporter genes. Two conserved cis elements (5′-CCAAT-3′) lie 5 and 48 base pairs 3′ of the novel SREs in the promoters of both the SCD1 and SCD2 murine genes. Mutation of either of these putative NF-Y binding sites attenuates the transcriptional activation of SCD1 or SCD2 promoter-reporter genes in response to cellular sterol deprivation. Induction of both reporter genes is also attenuated when cells are cotransfected with dominant-negative forms of either NF-Y or SREBP. In addition, we demonstrate that the induction of SCD1 and SCD2 mRNAs that occurs during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to adipocytes is paralleled by an increase in the levels of ADD1/SREBP-1c and that the SCD1 and SCD2 mRNAs are induced to even higher levels in response to ectopic expression of ADD1/SREBP-1c. We conclude that transcription of both SCD1 and SCD2 genes is responsive to cellular sterol levels and to the levels of nuclear SREBP/ADD1 and that transcriptional induction requires three spatially conserved cis elements, that bind SREBP and NF-Y. Additional studies demonstrate that maximal transcriptional repression of SCD2 reporter genes in response to an exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acid is dependent upon the SRE and the adjacent CCAAT motif.
A correlation scheme for the thermal conductivity of polyatomic gases at low density

Abstract The kinetic theory of polyatomic and multipolar gases is used to obtain a general correlation that gives the thermal conductivity at low density in terms of known quantities: other gas properties (viscosity, specific heats, and mass diffusion coefficient); structural parameters (dipole and quadrupole moments, and moments of inertia); and interaction quantities (spin-polarization correction, mean potential-energy well depth, and high-temperature limiting value of the collision number for rotational relaxation, Zrot∞). This amounts to a one-parameter correlation, because Zrot∞ is usually not known with sufficient accuracy from independent measurements of sound absorption or thermal transpiration. The crucial feature is a relation that gives the diffusion coefficient for rotational energy in terms of Zrot∞ and the reduced temperature, kT ϵ . The results are compared with recent accurate thermal conductivity data for N2, CO, CO2, N2O, CH4 and CF4. Comparable data for polar gases are lacking, but some older results for HCl indicate that the correlation is also applicable to polar gases.
The differences of user behavior between forum and Facebook for smoking cessation intervention

QuitNet is one of the most popular websites providing tools and services to help people quit smoking. QuitNet developed forums on its original website to help its users interact with each other. It also built a public page on Facebook, which provides another community for people to discuss issues of smoking cessation. This study compares user behaviors between the two communication channels on smoking cessation – QuitNet Forum and QuitNet Facebook. Social network analysis and user response immediacy were used to analyze user behavior on the two channels. It was found that users of QuitNet Forum participated in discussions more actively, while QuitNet Facebook users behaved more differently from each other.
Thermal resistance parameters of the air environment at various altitudes

The thermal properties of atmospheric air surrounding the human body at various altitudes are characterized with a system of parameters. This system comprises resistance of the air to convective heat transfer h c –1, °C (W/m2)−1 and to water vapour transfer h D –1, s/m. The concept of ’evaporative resistance’h e –1, hPa (W/m2)−1) following the similarity of the processes is introduced. In obtaining the altitude dependencies of investigated paramters, a respective heat transfer equation expressing the rate of heat exchange at the boundary body surface – ambient air is applied. The use of the body thermal state of the established altitude dependencies is discussed. The concept of ’thermal stability’ related to the evaporative resistance parameter h e –1 is introduced. This parameter is assumed as: (1) an indicator of the human body thermal stability and (2) distributor and predictor of environmental influence on the body thermal state.
Medical Faculty Development: A Modern-Day Odyssey

Academic medical centers (AMCs) are pillars of the community; they provide health care, create jobs, educate biomedical professionals, and engage in research and innovation. To sustain their impact on human health, AMCs must improve the professional satisfaction of their faculty. Here, we describe ways to enhance recruitment, retention, creativity, and productivity of health science faculty.
EXOGENOUS TESTOSTERONE AND THE ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSE IN DARK-EYED JUNCOS

Hormonal manipulations with implants allow examination of the costs and benefits of behaviors and physiologic states mediated by a given hormone. As a part of on- going research into the effects of the steroid hormone testosterone (T) in Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis), we measured the corticosterone (B, a steroid hormone secreted by the ad- renal in response to stress ) response to the stress of capture and handling in males treated with T (T-males) and in control males (C-males). Although B may be essential for energy mobilization, chronic or repeated exposure to elevated levels of B can have many negative effects. Because T mediates many behaviors that may increase the likelihood that an indi- vidual will encounter stressors, we predicted that plasma B would rise more rapidly in T- males than in controls. In the first few minutes post-capture, the increase in B levels was significantly higher in T-males than in controls. B levels in samples collected 10, 30, and 60 min post-capture were consistently higher in T-males than in C-males; however, the differ- ence was not statistically significant. Because previous work has shown that T-males reduce their parental contribution, we compared females that were mated to T-males and C-males (hereafter T- and C-females). B levels of T-females increased sharply in the first few minutes post-capture, whereas in C-females they did not; however, the responses were not statisti- cally different. Males had higher initial levels and a greater B-response to stress than females when data were compared irrespective of treatment. Our results suggest that the behaviors or physiological changes induced by T are potentially costly and that such costs may in part be incurred through elevated B. Received 25 November 1997, accepted 5 May 1998. IN MOST NORTH-TEMPERATE BIRDS, circulating levels of testosterone (T) in males are elevated during the sexual phase of the breeding season
Exposure to low doses of endosulfan and chlorpyrifos modifies endogenous antioxidants in tissues of rats.

Two experiments were conducted in male SD rats (225–250 g) to determine changes in the activities of endogenous antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and concentrations of glutathione (GSH) in tissues after exposure to low doses of endosulfan and chlorpyrifos using a whole body exposure technique. In both experiments, 6 rats/group were exposed 3 hr/day, 5 days/week for 30 days to: 0 (control), 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60% of LD50 of either pesticide in 50% ethanol; actual concentrations were: endosulfan = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 mg/250 g body weight; chlorpyrifos = 0, 1.9, 3.8, 7.6, 15.2, and 22.8 mg/250 g body weight. Endosulfan decreased erythrocyte SOD by 21% in all groups and chlorpyrifos increased SOD by 18% in groups 40 and 60. Liver SOD was 12%–20% lower after endosulfan exposure; lung SOD was altered: endosulfan decreased activity by 21% and 51% and chlorpyrifos by 58 and 75% in the 40 and 60 groups, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). Both pesticides increased pla...
“Everything a Hunter and Everything Hunted”: Schopenhauer and Cormac McCarthy's Blood Meridian

Abstract The great novelists of modern times have tended to be those whose visions estrange us from our familiar world to bring us back to it with unique new perspectives and an expanded sense of the human domain.
Changes occurring in the cardiac nervous apparatus due to the action of ultra-high-frequency field

The afferent neurons of the heart were the first to be affected in cats subjected to the action of ultra-high-frequency field from 2 to 10 hours. The receptor fibers of sensory endings, mainly the preterminal sections were mostseverely damaged. Altered nerve cells were seen in the spinal cord ganglia (Th1-Th3) and vagal nerve ganglia. No alterations were noted in the vegetative centers of the heart.