cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrical and structural properties of AlGaN/AlGaN superlattice structures grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition

Abstract 280 nm thick Al 0.2 Ga 0.8 N/Al 0.7 Ga 0.3 N superlattice structures with various well and barrier layer thickness and different silicon doping were grown on 1.2 μm thick Al 0.63 Ga 0.37 N-on-sapphire films by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Whereas unintentionally doped samples were highly resistive, silicon doped structures exhibited sheet carrier densities up to 5.5 × 10 13 cm −2 at 300 K. The highest electron mobility values of ∼140 cm 2 /V s were measured for samples with thick wells or thin barriers. When examined by high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), all samples showed higher order superlattice fringes indicating good layer periodicity. The HRXRD measurements also revealed, that the silicon doping promoted the relaxation of the superlattice stacks with respect to the Al 0.63 Ga 0.37 N base layer. Furthermore the silicon doping led to an increased surface/interface roughness caused by pit formation.
Five-Year Changes in the Edentulous Mandible as Determined on Oblique Cephalometric Radiographs

Oblique cephalometric radiographs were used to study mandibular resorption and denture settling on 45 patients wearing complete dentures; patients had either anatomic, nonanatomic, or semianatomic posterior teeth. The anatomic occlusal group had significantly less resorption and somewhat less denture movement from rest position to centric occlusion during five to seven years.
Gastric Cancer: An Infectious Disease

The role of infectious agents and chronic inflammation in carcinogenesis is being increasingly recognized. It has been estimated that about 18% of cancers are directly linked to infections, particularly gastric adenocarcinoma (Helicobacter pylori), cervical carcinoma (human papilloma viruses), and hepatocarcinoma (hepatitis B and C viruses). Multiple clinical trials of COX-2 inhibitors and other antiinflammatory agents have shown a beneficial effect on the development of diverse tumors, such as those of the colon, stomach, prostate, and breast. However, their mechanism of action is not completely understood and may differ among the infectious agents and tumor types. Because gastric adenocarcinomas account for more than 90% of all gastric malignancies, this review focuses on adenocarcinomas.
The impact of acculturation among hispanics on drinking outcomes following brief intervention in the trauma care setting

Background: In a study of brief intervention in the trauma care setting, a significant interaction between treatment and ethnicity was found among Hispanics. Hispanics receiving brief intervention based on motivational interviewing were significantly more likely to reduce their drinking. This study evaluates the unique role of acculturation among Hispanics on drinking outcomes following brief alcohol intervention in the trauma care setting. Methods: A randomized controlled trial of brief intervention based on motivational interviewing and semi-structured interview was conducted in an urban level I trauma center. Among the patients recruited for this study were 537 Hispanics including 253 Spanish speaking only participants. Six and 12 month follow ups were completed with a 65% and 53% follow up rate, respectively. A lost to follow up analysis was conducted using logistic regression. Hierarchical Linear Modeling was used to evaluate the role of acculturation among Hispanics including place of birth and level of acculturation on drinking outcomes including volume per week, maximum amount consumed in one day, frequency of five or more per occasion, percent days abstinent and percent days heavy drinking. Analyses controlled for age, gender, employment status, marital status, prior alcohol treatment, type of injury and injury severity. Results: Ethnicity was a significant predictor of loss to follow up at 6 months (p .50) Conclusions: While brief intervention based on motivational interviewing is effective among Hispanics in the trauma care setting, place of birth and acculturation influence treatment outcome.
Relationship between Environmental Temperature and Optimum Temperature of Bacteria along a Hot Spring Thermal Gradient

SUMMARY The temperature optima of bacteria occurring at various temperatures along the thermal gradient of a hot spring in Yellowstone Park was studied directly in nature by measuring the rate of incorporation in the dark of [14C]glucose or 14CO2. Bacteria found at environmental temperatures over the range 35-70° were studied. For each temperature, the optimum for glucose and CO2 incorporation was similar to the environmental temperature.
Responses of periphyton to artificial nutrient enrichment in freshwater kettle ponds of Cape Cod National Seashore

Nutrient enrichment bioassays, in conjunction with sampling and analysis of surface water chemistry, were conducted in freshwater lakes (kettle ponds) of Cape Cod National Seashore (Massachusetts, USA) to ascertain the importance of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in regulating the growth of periphyton. Arrays of nutrient diffusing substrata (NDS) were suspended 0.5 m below the water surface in a total of 12 ponds in July and August 2005. Algal biomass developing on each NDS after ~3 weeks of exposure in each month was assessed by quantifying chlorophyll a + phaeophyton pigments. In both July and August, strong responses to N + P and N enrichments were observed in the majority of ponds, while P had no stimulatory effect. These responses correspond well with low atomic ratios (1–18) of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to total phosphorus (TP) in ambient surface waters. The results suggest that conditions in the kettle ponds develop whereby nitrogen is the primary limiting nutrient to periphyton growth. While this may be a seasonal phenomenon, it has implications for nutrient management in individual ponds and within the larger watershed.
Low-income young adults report increased variety in fruit and vegetable intake after a stage-tailored intervention.

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine if a fruit and vegetable (FV) intervention, previously demonstrated to increase amount of FV per day, also increased the variety consumed. Variety in FV intake was assessed using a 26-item FV (12 fruit and 14 vegetable) food frequency questionnaire on 1255 low-income adults, with ages from 18 to 24 years (control = 684 vs experimental=571), after completion of a stage-tailored intervention to increase FV intakes. The food frequency questionnaire was administered at 12 months to assess how often and how much participants ate of each item over the previous year. Variety was defined as the number of different types of fruits and vegetables consumed. At completion, the experimental group vs the control group had significantly greater variety in number of fruit items (9.5 ± 0.1 vs 9.1 ± 0.1, P ≤ .001) and vegetable items (11.5 ± 0.1 vs 11.2 ± 0.1, P P P ≤ .001) and a greater consumption of the categories of seasonal fruits ( P P β -carotene vegetables ( P ≤ .001). This is one of the first studies to document an increase in FV variety as a result of an educational intervention for low-income young adults.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for children and adolescents

The controlled studies of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in pediatric psychopharmacology research lag behind the controlled studies of SSRIs in adults. As a result, widespread use of SSRIs in the treatment of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders is in stark contrast to the paucity of research data. Recent changes in the research climate (including support from the National Institute of Mental Health, the Food and Drug Administration, and industry) have encouraged well-designed SSRI studies in pediatric psychopharmacology, and will ultimately provide needed information to guide treatment. This paper reviews the best available data from pediatric SSRI trials, including 10 double-blind placebo-controlled trials, and two abstracts of open-label continuation studies of SSRIs associated with large pediatric efficacy studies. Adverse events (AEs) of SSRIs in children and adolescents are discussed in reference to available pediatric studies. Recent pharmacokinetic studies of SSRIs in children and adolescents are reviewed. Future SSRI research strategies are also discussed.
Experimental determination of the sign of the low energy I = 0, l = 0ππ scattering phase

Abstract Using a sample of peripheral π+d → p(p) πoπo events we have compared the cross section for this reaction to the cross sections for π−p → π+π−n and π+p → π+π+n at the mean momentum of 2.15 GeV/c. Using this comparison it is concluded that these reactions are dominated by OPE for masses down to near ππ threshold. Furthermore the mean value of the ratio 〈 δ o δ 2 〉 = −3.1 ± 1.1 has been determined for low ππ mass. This relation is in good agreement with Weinberg's current algebra predictions. Assuming that δ2 is negative in the ϱ-mass region, we show that δo is positive down to ππ masses very near threshold. Finally, the T = 0 and T = 2 scattering lengths are obtained using a forward-dispersion-relation sum rule.
The fine structure of blood cells in the ascidian Perophora viridis.

The fine structure of each of the blood cell types of Perophora viridis has been characterized and strong evidence for localization of vanadium in two of these types is given. There are eight cell types; phagocytes which may contain completely engulfed cells, lymphocytes with a prominant nucleolus and scanty cytoplasm packed with clustered ribosomes, and six other cell types each with distinctive granules. Morula cells contain a central nucleus and cytoplasm filled by wedged bodies, about five of which are seen in section. These bodies contain regularly spaced electron dense foci. Green cells have the same organization but contain bodies which are electron dense throughout. Granular amoebocytes contain many smaller lightly staining oval bodies and much glycogen. Another cell type (probably orange cells of light microscopy) contains numerous granular rounded bodies. Compartment cells have vacuoles containing electron dense particles and signet ring cells have usually one large vacuole which is electron dense lined and may contain electron dense particles. Developmental stages of these cell types show involvement of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies in granule formation. After glutaraldehyde fixation alone the only extremely electron dense components are particles in the compartment cells and signet ring cells implicating these as sites of vanadium localization, although not excluding other cell types.
Roles of subsidiary managers in multinational corporations: The effect of dual organizational identification

Abstract and Key Results ▪ Subsidiary managers are faced with complex managerial roles involving both the interests of the multinational corporation (MNC) and the subsidiary. We suggest complex roles are best fulfilled when managers develop dual organizational identification towards both entities. ▪ Based on a conceptualization of dual organizational identification in terms of relative magnitude, we test the effect of dual identification on subsidiary manager roles and role conflict. ▪ Results indicate that high identification with both entities is associated with high role fulfillment and that similarity in organizational identities directly affects role conflict.
Anthelmintic resistance survey in New Zealand.

Abstract The prevalence and level of thiabendazole resistance of sheep nematodes in the North Island of New Zealand was investigated by means of an in vitro egg-hatch technique; samples from sheep on 52 properties in six country areas were examined. Resistance of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. was identified on the basis of egg hatch in 0.1 ppm thiabendazole. Evidence of resistance was obtained on 11 (21.2%) of the properties. LD 50's and resistance ratios were calculated for the resistant nematode populations found.
Radionuclide partitioning across great lakes natural interfaces

Several water and surface microlayer samples from Lake St. Clair, the Niagara River, and the North Shore of Lake Ontario collected during 1983–1986 have been assayed for a variety of radionuclides. In addition, the foam accumulating in the pool just below Niagara Falls was also analyzed and found to be the most efficient aqueous phase collector of137Cs,210Pb, and226Ra.
Severe Cystic Periventricular Leukomalacia in a Premature Infant with Capnocytophaga Sepsis

Capnocytophaga is an opportunistic gram-negative anaerobic bacillus found in the oropharyngeal cavity of mammals and is associated with periodontal disease in humans. Sepsis, osteomyelitis, lung abscess, endocarditis, and meningitis have been reported in humans following animal bites. Perinatal infection with Capnocytophaga is infrequent and is generally considered to have a low risk of morbidity to the mother and fetus. We report a case of neonatal Capnocytophaga sepsis associated with the development of severe cystic periventricular leukomalacia.
Sexual Minority Reflections on the Kinsey Scale and the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid: Conceptualization and Measurement

This research investigated responses of sexual minority individuals to two sexual orientation scales regarding how well the scales capture their sexuality. Participants were self-identified sexual minorities (including lesbian, gay, bisexual, pansexual, queer, fluid, and asexual) who represented a range of gender identities. Using thematic analysis, three themes were identified related to the conceptualization of sexual orientation, and three for its measurement. Themes for conceptualization were comprehensiveness, dichotomies, and beyond sex and gender. Themes related to measurement were measurement structure, terminology, and response mode. Discussion focuses on considerations for scale development to better capture experiences of sexual minorities.
A clinical estimation of the blood pressure in the minute vessels of the human skin by the method of elevation and reactive hyperemia. I. The treatment and prognosis of necrotic lesions of the foot.

The filling pressure in the minute vessels of the skin of the foot has been estimated by a method of elevation and reactive hyperemia. A series of 90 observations was made on 78 patients. This test has been found helpful in evaluating the degree of arterial insufficiency, permitting a more accurate selection of patients to be treated by conservative methods, local amputation or more radical procedures.
Ouabain–Induced Auditory Nerve Degeneration in Congenic Ly5.1 Mice

Abstract The Ly5.1 mouse, also termed B6.SJL–Ptprc a Pepc b /BoyJ, is a congenic strain widely used as a recipient in animal studies of bone marrow transplant. Our previous study documented that a majority of type I spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the apical turns of Ly5.1 mice are unmyelinated and aggregate into neuronal clusters, similar to the spiral ganglion in the human ear. Ouabain, a well known Na–K ATPase inhibitor, has been shown to induce neuronal degeneration in a variety of neural tissues including the adult gerbil and CBA/CaJ mouse spiral ganglion. Here, functional and pathological changes of the auditory nerves in young–adult Ly5.1 mice were examined at 3, 7 and 14 days after ouabain exposure. Similar to observations in CBA/CaJ mice, ouabain application selectively removed type I SGNs, resulting in an immense decline of the auditory nerve function. Hyperplasia of glial cells was seen in the injured auditory nerves at 7 days after ouabain exposure. Our data indicate that the “human–like” features of unmyelinated type I SGNs have no protective impact on the fate of SGNs after ouabain exposure. Cells incorporating bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and expressing Sox2 were also counted in the auditory nerves of control and ouabain–treated ears. The number of Sox2 + glial cells significantly increased at 3 and 7 days post–treatment. Interestingly, the highest density of BrdU + cells appeared in the apical turn of the injured auditory nerve shortly after ouabain exposure, suggesting that the pattern of SGN loss at the apical turn in Ly5.1 mouse may have some impact on the reaction of non–neuronal cells in response to acute ototoxic drug exposure in the auditory nerve.
Treatment strategies in limited stage follicular NHL

Limited stage (I–II) follicular lymphoma is an uncommon entity, since most patients with this disease have generalized adenopathy (stage III) or bone marrow involvement (stage IV). Although patients who present with stage III–IV disease often are considered to be incurable, ∼50% of patients with limited disease will enjoy long-term freedom-from progression, usually following treatment with radiation therapy. Relapse among these patients is uncommon after 10 years and exceedingly rare after 15 years. Radiation treatment is generally restricted to the involved nodal region(s) with modest (∼5 cm.) extension proximally and distally. Radiation dose is generally 30 Gy, but may be boosted slightly (36 Gy total) in the presence of bulky disease. Randomized clinical trials have been insufficiently powered to define the value of any additional treatment beyond radiation therapy, although single arm studies suggest a benefit to the addition of chemotherapy. There have been no reported experiences with chemo-immunotherapy or radioimmunotherapy. Patients should be monitored during follow up to identify transformation to a more aggressive lymphoma.
The Literary Kierkegaard

Kierkegaard is more than a theologian, existentialist, or philosopher. Ziolkowski gives us a sequence of exhaustively researched chapters that are fine-tuned accounts of the Kierkegaard who assiduously and enthusiastically read Cervantes (Don Quixote), Shakespeare (Hamlet, Othello), Wolfram (Parzival), and Aristophanes (The Clouds). He also introduces us to a literary powerhouse who comes to influence great writers of the late 19th and 20th centuries: Ibsen, Rilke, and Kafka; Isak Dinesen, Ortega, and Unamuno; Auden, David Lodge and John Updike. The volume is a pleasure to read, an indispensable source, and a pathbreaking account of “the literary Kierkegaard.”
Laryngeal effects and respiration in the suckling opossum

Abstract Electromyogram (EMG) activity of the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscles, the dilators of the larynx, was measured along with EMG activity of the diaphragm in anesthetized (24–35 day old) suckling opossums with open tracheas. The PCA muscles showed a bursting EMG discharge, which started either early or late in the expiratory phase of the respiratory cycle and continued into the discharge period of the diaphragm. The larynx was visually observed to open when the PCA muscles were active, but was otherwise closed. Larynx closure may contribute to the end-inspiratory pauses often observed in the intact animal. During inhalation of an asphyxiant test gas in place or room air, PCA and diaphragm activity generally increased; and increases in anesthesia decreased the EMG activity of both muscles. Water on the larynx transiently abolished both PCA and diaphragm discharge; but EMG activity returned to the PCA muscles before the diaphragm. Further, reactivation of the diaphragm was not always accompanied by a synchronized burst of PCA activity. Therefore, it is possible under some conditions to dissociate the motor outputs from the PCA muscles and diaphragm in this immature mammal.
Myocardial Infarction in Treated Hypertensive Patients The Paradox of Lower Incidence but Higher Mortality in Young Blacks Compared With Whites

Background—Despite the impressive decline in coronary heart disease death rates, a mortality differential between blacks and whites persists. Our study objective was to determine whether excess mortality among well-controlled hypertensive black men compared with whites is due to differences in disease incidence or in case fatality. Methods and Results—Of 3382 male subjects (1266 blacks and 2116 whites) enrolled between 1973 and 1996 and followed up through 1997 in a work-site hypertension control program, 2343 were followed up until 60 years of age, and 1884 were followed up until >60 years of age (either continuing after 60 years [n=845] or beginning treatment at ≥60 years [n=1039]), with a mean follow-up of 5.2 and 5.5 years, respectively. During follow-up, 186 myocardial infarction (MI) events (including 31 revascularizations) occurred, with 63 in patients <60 years and 123 in patients ≥60 years of age. Age-adjusted MI incidence was nearly twice as high for whites as blacks in younger (6.3 versus 3.4/1...
Uptake of perfluorooctanoate in freshly isolated hepatocytes from male and female rats

Liver is a primary target organ for perfluorooctanoate (PFO, the deprotonated form of perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOA) distribution in both male and female rats. We studied the uptake of PFO in freshly isolated hepatocytes from male and female rats. We identified a non-saturable cell partitioning process for PFO using on-ice incubations. At 37 degrees C, hepatic uptake of PFO was composed of the non-saturable partition as well as a saturable, active uptake process. The K(m) and V(max) values for the active uptake process were 88.0 +/- 9.1 microM and 5.61 +/- 0.88 nmol/(min 10(6)cells), respectively, for male rat hepatocytes, and 76.1 +/- 12.0 microM and 3.59 +/- 0.29 nmol/(min 10(6)cells), respectively, for female rat hepatocytes. The values of PFO clearance by active uptake were 64.8 +/- 15.7 and 47.6 +/- 4.7 microL/(min 10(6)cells) for male and female rat hepatocytes, respectively. The active uptake of PFO in rat hepatocytes was inhibited by sulfobromophthalein, a known substrate of organic anion transporting polypeptides, with apparent inhibition constants of 85.9 +/- 25.1 and 29.3 +/- 19.2 microM in male and female rat hepatocytes, respectively. When serum albumin was added to the incubations, PFO hepatic uptake rates were reduced, but were proportional to the unbound fractions of PFO.
The Effect of Enamel Matrix Protein Derivative on Follicle Cells In Vitro

Background: It is thought that during development of the periodontium, dental follicle cells, when appropriately triggered, have the ability to differentiate into periodontal ligament fibroblasts, cementoblasts, and osteoblasts. However, the exact mechanisms/ factors responsible for initiating cell differentiation are not defined. The purpose of this in vitro study was to further characterize follicle cells and to determine the effects of an enamel matrix-derived protein (EMD) on these cells. Methods: Murine follicle cells, transformed with simian virus 40 (SV 40) T antigen-containing virus (SVF cells), were used. SVF cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) plus 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) or 2% FBS plus EMD (100 µg/ml), with and without ascorbic acid (50 µg/ml). For proliferation assays, cells were plated at 500 cells/cm2 in 24-well plates and counted on days 3, 4, and 5. For Northern analysis, total RNA was isolated on days 8, 12, and 18. Induction of mineral nodules by SVF cell...
Rulers of light

The article reports on the optical frequency comb, a new type of laser light. The comb is composed of very short laser pulses that are evenly spaced. This comb is a more precise and easier measure of time intervals and light frequencies than previous methods. The comb appears like a train: very short laser pulses on an evenly spaced spectrum that has many teeth. The comb has many applications, such as a more accurate measure of time, the atomic clock and fiber optic communications. INSETS: COMB TECHNOLOGIES;A COMB OF LIGHT;"CALIBRATING' THE COMB;MEASURING LIGHT
Affine models for image matching and motion detection

A model is developed for detecting the displacement field in spatiotemporal image sequences. It allows for affine shape deformations of corresponding spatial regions and for affine transformations of the image intensity range. The model includes the block matching method as a special case. A least-squares algorithm is used to find the model parameters. It is experimentally demonstrated that the affine matching model performs better than other standard approaches. The resulting 2-D motion estimates are then used by a 3-D affine model and a least-squares algorithm that recover 3-D rigid body motion and depth from two perspective views. >
Multiphase mixed-effects models for repeated measures data

Behavior that develops in phases may exhibit distinctively different rates of change in one time period than in others. In this article, a mixed-effects model for a response that displays identifiable regimes is reviewed. An interesting component of the model is the change point. In substantive terms, the change point is the time when development switches from one phase to another. In a mixed-effects model, the change point can be a random coefficient. This possibility allows individuals to make the transition from one phase to another at different ages or after different lengths of time in treatment. Two examples are reviewed in detail, both of which can be estimated with software that is widely available.
Perceived distance in imagined space.

An experiment was designed to determine whether, in the absence of distance-cues, the perceived distance of an object is regulated by the imagined space in which the object is located. Judgements of distance and size were obtained in a completely reduced situation. Preceding these judgements, the subject engaged in 5 min. of visual exploration of the interior of an oblong box. The length of the box differed (3, 6 or 9 ft.) for different groups of subjects. The different pre-exposure conditions were expected to produce diffrences in the dimensions of the imagined space that the subject introduced in the subsequent test session. These differences in imagined space should lead to differences in the perceived distance of a single object located at a constant distance. Significant differences were obtained in the expected direction. In addition, judgements of the size of the standard tended to co-vary positively with the distance-judgments, suggesting that the effect of imagined space on judged distance was no...
A Model for Using Novel Nursing Interventions to Meet the Challenges of Community Health Needs

The aging population growth, shortened hospital stays, reduction in home care services reimbursement, and the looming nursing shortage will all drastically increase community health care needs and caregiving challenges. Unique and traditional methods of care delivery provided via innovative interventions can be used to address these needs. Many research-based nursing interventions can be administered at a distance (e.g., video, telehealth, and even robotic “nurses”) or without the nurse being present through volunteers or delegation, thus increasing communitybased care. A model categorizing and guiding use of these nursing interventions is described herein.
Aneurysm of the intradural artery of Adamkiewicz treated with muslin wrapping: technical case report.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE : An exceedingly rare, isolated spinal arterial aneurysm and its management are presented. CLINICAL PRESENTATION : A 30-year-old man who presented with severe lower back pain and headache underwent a computed tomographic study of his head that disclosed nothing abnormal and a lumbar puncture that revealed bloody, xanthochromic cerebrospinal fluid. The findings from cerebral angiography were normal, and the results from spinal angiography were consistent with a diagnosis of an aneurysm of the artery of Adamkiewicz. INTERVENTION : A transthoracic approach with a partial T11 vertebrectomy gained exposure to this anteriorly located lesion. A fusiform aneurysm of the intradural portion of the artery of Adamkiewicz was discovered. Excision of the aneurysm with a vascular bypass was deemed impossible. The lesion was treated with muslin wrapping. One year after surgery, the patient remains at his baseline neurological condition. CONCLUSION : A review of the literature revealed only one other reported case of a ruptured aneurysm of the artery of Adamkiewicz, which was discovered postmortem. Therefore, this case represents the first report of a diagnosed and treated artery of Adamkiewicz aneurysm.
Modeling of unsteady aerodynamics for rotary-wing aeroelasticity

The modeling of unsteady aerodynamics for rotary-wing applications requires an understanding of the type of aeroelastic phenomena that is of interest. Different regimes require different modeling techniques. This modeling also requires a distinction between the blade-lift model and the induced-flow model. Finally, aerodynamic modeling for aeroelasticity (as contrasted with performance) requires that state variables be defined for the aerodynamic states. If the aerodynamic states are not defined, then conventional Floquet and eigenvalue stability analyses can not be performed.
Radiation-Affected Laminar Flame Quenching

Abstract Under the influence of radiation, the increase in Peclet number characterizing the flame quench distance Δ, Pe = ρ u c p S u T b 0 λT b 0 Δ − adiabatic flame enthalpy flow conduction , and the decrease in flame temperature are shown in terms of an original radiation number R w = ητ(1− e w 2 )B b 0 1+3τ 2 ( 2 e w −1 ) (1−ω) − total radiation adiabatic flame ethalpy flow , where ϱ is the density, cp the specific heat at constant pressure, Su the laminar flame speed, Tb the flame temperature, subscript u the unburned gas and superscript 0 the adiabatic gas, λ the thermal conductivity, η = ( κ P κ R ) 1 2 the weighted nongrayness, κP and κR being the Planck mean and the Rosseland mean of the absorption coefficient, ϵw the wall emissitivity, τ=κMl the optical thickness, κ M =(κ P κ R ) 1 2 being the mean absorption coefficient and l a characteric length (related to geometry or quench distance), ω the albedo of single scattering, and Bb0 the adiabatic flame Boltzmann number. B b 0 = 4E b 0 ρ u c p S u 0 T b 0 ∼ emission adiabatic flame enthalpy flow , where Eb is the blackbody emissive power. It is qualitatively shown that the contribution of radiation to the heat transfer and the laminar flame quenching in small diesel engines can be as much as 35%.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Single Chiral Molecules

We describe recent experiments probing circularly polarized luminescence from single chiral molecules in polymer-supported thin films. Correlation with dissymmetry parameter distributions previously observed in fluorescence excitation is discussed.
Surgical aspects of colonic carcinoma within the abdominal cavity.

Abstract 1. 1. Cellular origin of tumor growths in the large bowel has been presented with a consideration of determining factors resulting in the development of carcinomatous change. 2. 2. Periarterial lymph node metastases requiring high ligation of the major arterial trunks and not the intramural spread dictates the extent of bowel that must be removed. 3. 3. Lymph node spread precedes venous spread, the determining factor being cellular activity of the lesion rather than its size. 4. 4. A plea is made for high ligation of the arterial trunks in order to allow for wide removal of the potential lymph node spread. The removal of large areas of colon must not be a deterrent if a truly unrelenting fight against colonic malignancy is to be made.
Outcome of laparoscopic colectomy for polyps not suitable for endoscopic resection.

Large colonic polyps or polyps that lie in anatomical locations that are difficult to access at endoscopy may not be suitable for endoscopic resection and therefore may require partial colectomy. This approach eradicates the polyp and allows an oncologic resection should the polyp prove to be malignant. The purpose of this study was to assess outcomes of a laparoscopic approach for the management of these polyps. Patients referred for laparoscopic colectomy for colonic polyps were identified from the prospective colorectal laparoscopic surgery database. Demographics, operative details, and final pathology were reviewed. Fifty-one consecutive patients (27 male) with a mean age of 68 ± 11.4 years, ASA classification (1/2/3/4) of 0/21/27/3, and body mass index (BMI) of 26.5 ± 4.9 were identified. Right (RHC) and left (LHC) colectomy was performed for 39 right and 12 left colonic polyps. Mean operating time (OT) was 87 ± 30 min (81 for RHC, 105 for LHC) and mean hospital stay was 3.1 ± 1.9 days. There were six complications (17.7%), including anastomotic leak (n = 1), small bowel obstruction (n = 2), abscess (n = 1), and exacerbation of preexisting medical conditions (n = 2). Four patients were readmitted (7.8%); one required CT scan-guided abscess drainage (1.9%) and two required reoperation (3.9%). Five patients (9.8%) were converted because of adhesions (n = 3), obesity (n = 1), and inability to identify the area that was tattooed at colonoscopy (n = 1). Mean polyp size was 3.1 cm, and pathology revealed tubular (n = 14), tubulovillous (n = 33) and villous adenoma (n = 2), pseudopolyp (n = 1), and prolapse of the appendix into the cecum mimicking an adenoma (n = 1). High-grade dysplasia was seen in four tubular (33%) and five tubulovillous adenomas (15.5%). Adenocarcinoma not identified at colonoscopy was found in 11 polyps (20%), 9 tubulovillous (27.8%) and both villous adenomas (100%). Large colonic polyps unresectable at colonoscopy are associated with a high rate of unsuspected cancer. This requires a formal colectomy rather than transcolonic polypectomy. Laparoscopic colectomy offers safe and effective management of these polyps with the benefits of accelerated postoperative recovery.
On Cauchy's Integral Theorem in the Real Plane.

In a rectangle R let p (x, y) and q (x, y) be two continuous functions, and associate with each rectifiable curve C the number \(J(C) = {{\smallint }_{c}}pdx + qdy\). Under which conditions is J the same for any two coterminal curves in R?
How does the market process sequential earnings information

Abstract Employing both experimental market and archival research designs, we examine whether the association between announcement period stock returns and contemporaneous news is influenced by previously disclosed earnings news. Our primary conclusion is that investors' response to the earnings surprise (actual earnings less the last forecast of the quarter) is conditional on the sign of prior earnings news (i.e., the forecast revision). We develop and test predictions based on behavioral theories of how investors will react to a series of earnings information. Our results suggest that the market's response to sequential analysts' forecasts is consistent with the application of an end-of-sequence (EoS) process resulting in a primacy effect.
Data pooling and key comparison reference values

Key comparison data are often reported, as a matter of policy, with respect to a reference value calculated from the pool of the participants' results. Consideration of the comparison data sets, particularly with regard to the consequences and implications of such data pooling, can justify the choice of a simple statistical reference value. Recent key comparisons in thermometry are examined to illustrate the nature of the problem, and the utility of a simple approach to creating pooled data distributions. An objective criterion is introduced to help determine when a comparison can safely be described as a single population having a key comparison reference value (KCRV). Graphical techniques of data pooling are presented as an aid to harnessing expert opinion on this question.
A fully visualized arthroscopic disc suturing technique

Advanced arthroscopic procedures, including disc suturing, are advantageous in managing temporomandibular joint disorders. These techniques are indicated in cases of long-standing closed lock, displaced discs with reduction, and hypermobility with chronic dislocation. Disc suturing procedures can be done blindly, partially blindly, or fully visualized. Fully visualized suturing techniques have obvious advantages, but can be time-consuming, difficult to perform, and traumatic. This article presents a new suturing technique that is fully visualized and is less time-consuming and relatively easy to perform.
Political Determinants of Income Changes for African-American Women and Men:

Significant changes have occurred in both the relative income ratios and labor force participation rates of African-American women and men in the postwar period. These changes are most accurately described as economic bifurcation for African-American men, and increases in both participation rates and relative incomes for African-American women. Evidence is presented which supports the hypothesis that the economic/political impact of the civil rights/black power movement was an important factor in these changing economic outcomes, as was the context of increasing economic crisis. These outcomes have serious implications for the future economic viability of some sectors of the African-American community, for the future of African-American politics, and for the forms that white ideological and institutional racism takes in the latter 20th-century U.S.
The Concept of Shinyuu in Japan: A Replication of and Comparison to Cole and Bradac’s Study on U.S. Friendship

Using data collected from a total of 513 Japanese college students, this study explored relational satisfaction with shinyuu(best/close friends) in Japan and provided a crosscultural comparison to the series of studies conducted by Cole and Bradac (1996). Study 1 identified 39 words and phrases related to satisfaction with shinyuu.In Study 2, participants sorted these 39 words and phrases into groups. A multidimensional scaling analysis was used to identify three underlying dimensions: (1) light-hearted–solidarity versus serious–rational,(2) acceptance–reliability versus independent–positive,and (3) frank–supportive versus modest– selfcontrolled.These dimensions appear to align themselves on a continuum with interpersonal quality on one end and social quality on the other. Study 3 supported our interpretation of the first two dimensions and moderately supported the last dimension. Finally, Study 4 demonstrated that two of the dimensions are similar to dimensions identified in Cole and Bradac’s (1996) stud...
Brain activation and connectivity of social cognition using diffuse optical imaging

In the current research, diffuse optical imaging (DOI) is used for the first time towards studies related to sociocommunication impairments, which is a characteristic feature of autism. DOI studies were performed on normal adult volunteers to determine the differences in the brain activation (cognitive regions) in terms of the changes in the cerebral blood oxygenation levels in response to joint and non-joint attention based stimulus (i.e. socio-communicative paradigms shown as video clips). Functional connectivity models are employed to assess the extent of synchronization between the left and right pre-frontal regions of the brain in response to the above stimuli.
The Development of Selective Attention as Reflected by Event-Related Brain Potentials

The development of auditory selective attention was assessed using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and behavioral measures, with children (mean age = 8.1), adolescents (14.4), and young adults (23.8) as subjects. During separate blocks, subjects heard two sequences of pure tones (low- and high-pitched) or consonant-vowels (CVs; for example, ba vs da). Subjects were required to attend to one of the two stimuli in order to detect a deviant target embedded within the attended sequence, while ignoring the sequence comprised of the other stimulus (which also contained standard and deviant stimuli). The frequent standards were always 100 ms in duration, whereas the infrequent targets were of longer duration. The effect of selective attention was operationalized by computing the Nd difference waveform (ERP elicited by the unattended standard subtracted from that elicited by the attended standard). There was an increase in early Nd amplitude (measured from about 200 to 400 ms) and a decrease in its latency for both pure tones and CVs from childhood through young adulthood. For the amplitude measure, this effect was much more marked for CVs. Additional analyses indicated that the major effect of age involved reduction of negative-going ERP amplitude elicited by stimuli in the unattended channel, suggesting that with age there is an improvement in the narrowing of the attentional focus, with the major change taking the form of greater facility in rejecting stimuli in the unattended channel. Age-related shifts in scalp distribution of both early and late Nd were seen as consistent with, respectively, age-related changes in the way attention was allocated to the two input channels, and in the way in which the attentional trace was maintained by selective rehearsal.
The temperature dependence of the broadband fluorescence of KMnCl3, RbMnCl3 and CsMnCl3

Abstract The intensities of the fluorescence of crystals of KMnCl 3 , RbMnCl 3 and CsMnCl 3 have been measured as a function of temperature. These results are compared to similar measurements perforned on other manganese salts.
Sex differences in reported pain across 11,000 patients captured in electronic medical records.

Clinically recorded pain scores are abundant in patient health records but are rarely used in research. The use of this information could help improve clinical outcomes. For example, a recent report by the Institute of Medicine stated that ineffective use of clinical information contributes to under-treatment of patient subpopulations — especially women. This study used diagnosis-associated pain scores from a large hospital database to document sex differences in reported pain. We used de-identified electronic medical records from Stanford Hospital and Clinics for more than 72,000 patients. Each record contained at least one disease-associated pain score. We found over 160,000 pain scores in more than 250 primary diagnoses, and analyzed differences in disease-specific pain reported by men and women. After filtering for diagnoses with minimum encounter numbers, we found diagnosis-specific sex differences in reported pain. The most significant differences occurred in patients with disorders of the musculoskeletal, circulatory, respiratory and digestive systems, followed by infectious diseases, and injury and poisoning. We also discovered sex-specific differences in pain intensity in previously unreported diseases, including disorders of the cervical region, and acute sinusitis (p = 0.01, 0.017, respectively). Pain scores were collected during hospital encounters. No information about the use of pre-encounter over-the-counter medications was available. To our knowledge, this is the largest data-driven study documenting sex differences of disease-associated pain. It highlights the utility of EMR data to corroborate and expand on results of smaller clinical studies. Our findings emphasize the need for future research examining the mechanisms underlying differences in pain.
Effect of radiative transfer on damped Lyα and Lyman limit systems in cosmological SPH simulations

We study the effect of local stellar radiation and ultraviolet background (UVB) radiation on the physical properties of damped Lyα systems (DLAs) and Lyman limit systems (LLSs) at z = 3 using cosmological smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations. We post-process our simulations with the authentic radiation transfer (ART) code for radiative transfer of local stellar radiation and UVB radiation. We find that the DLA and LLS cross-sections are significantly reduced by the UVB radiation, whereas the local stellar radiation does not affect them very much except in the low-mass haloes. This is because the clumpy high-density clouds near young star clusters effectively absorb most of the ionizing photons from young stars. We also find that the UVB model with a simple density threshold for the self-shielding effect can reproduce the observed column density distribution function of DLAs and LLSs very well, and we validate this model by direct radiative transfer calculations of stellar radiation and UVB radiation with high angular resolution. We show that, with a self-shielding treatment, the DLAs have an extended distribution around star-forming regions typically on ∼10–30 kpc scales, and LLSs are surrounding DLAs on ∼30–60 kpc scales. The DLA gas is less extended than the virial radius of the halo, and LLSs are distributed over the similar scale to the virial radius of the host halo. Our simulations suggest that the median properties of DLA host haloes are Mh = 2.4 × 1010 M⊙, SFR = 0.3 M⊙ yr−1, M★ = 2.4 × 108 M⊙ and Z/Z⊙ = 0.1. About 30 per cent of DLAs are hosted by haloes having SFR = 1–20 M⊙ yr−1, which is the typical star formation rate (SFR) range for Lyman break galaxies (LBGs). More than half of DLAs are hosted by the LBGs that are fainter than the current observational limit. Our results suggest that fractional contribution to LLSs from lower mass haloes is greater than for DLAs. Therefore, the median values of LLS host haloes are somewhat lower with Mh = 9.6 × 109 M⊙, SFR = 0.06 M⊙ yr−1, M★ = 6.5 × 107 M⊙ and Z/Z⊙ = 0.08. About 80 per cent of total LLS cross-section are hosted by haloes with SFR ≲ 1 M⊙ yr−1, hence most LLSs are associated with low-mass haloes with faint LBGs below the current detection limit.
Ovarian tumor vasculature as a source of biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy

The discovery that tumor vasculature has a molecular profile distinct from normal resting vessels identified tumor vasculature as an important new clinical target. Two recent large studies profiling ovarian cancer vasculature make ovarian tumor vascular cells the best characterized to date. Tumor vascular-specific antigens have the potential to act as biomarkers for cancer screening and diagnosis, bio-imaging, and targeted therapy. We will review the current studies of tumor vascular proteins as targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy. We will focus not only on tumor endothelial cells but also vascular leukocytes, a novel population of myeloid cells abundant in ovarian cancer and critical for tumor angiogenesis.
California’s Public Sector Pension Plans in Perspective

The recession of 2001 caused funding problems for public sector pension plans in California and throughout the United States. By 2007, they had largely recovered only to be devastated by the Great Recession that began in the fourth quarter of 2008, the effects of which are still with us. Matters have been exacerbated and complicated by the adoption of Governmental Accounting Standards Board’s Statement 45, which requires that other postemployment benefits (OPEBs), mainly retiree health care obligations, be included in financial statements. Pension plans are prefunded. OPEBs are not. For this and other reasons, the two should be addressed separately. Although there are problems, California’s public sector pension plans are in better shape than one would gather from what has been reported by the media. OPEBs are a larger and more difficult problem.
Task Specific Local Region Matching

Many problems in computer vision require the knowledge of potential point correspondences between two images. The usual approach for automatically determining correspondences begins by comparing small neighborhoods of high saliency in both images. Since speed is of the essence, most current approaches for local region matching involve the computation of a feature vector that is invariant to various geometric and photometric transformations, followed by fast distance computations using standard vector norms. These algorithms include many parameters, and choosing an algorithm and setting its parameters for a given problem is more an art than a science. Furthermore, although invariance of the resulting feature space is in general desirable, there is necessarily a tradeoff between invariance and descriptiveness for any given task. In this paper we pose local region matching as a classification problem, and use powerful machine learning techniques to train a classifier that selects features from a much larger pool. Our algorithm can be trained on specific domains or tasks, and performs better than the state of the art in such cases. Since our method is an application of boosting, we refer to it as boosted region matching (BOOM).