cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pdlim7 (LMP4) regulation of Tbx5 specifies zebrafish heart atrio-ventricular boundary and valve formation

Tbx5 is involved in congenital heart disease, however, the mechanisms leading to organ malformation are greatly unknown. We hypothesized a model by which the Tbx5 binding protein Pdlim7 controls nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling and function of the transcription factor. Using the zebrafish, we present in vivo significance for an essential role of Tbx5/Pdlim7 protein interaction in the regulation of cardiac formation. Knock-down of Pdlim7 results in a non-looped heart, strikingly reminiscent of the tbx5 heartstrings mutant phenotype. However, while misregulation of Pdlim7 and Tbx5 produce similar aberrant cardiac morphology, molecular and histological analysis uncovered that the Pdlim7 and Tbx5 cardiac phenotypes are due to opposite effects on valve development. Loss of Pdlim7 function causes no valve tissue to develop while lack of Tbx5 results in increased valve tissue. These opposing defects are evident before valve formation and are the result of distinct gene misregulation during specification of the atrio-ventricular (AV) boundary. We show that Pdlim7/Tbx5 interactions affect the expression of Tbx5 target genes nppa and tbx2b at the AV boundary, and their domains of misexpression directly correlate with the identified valve defects. These studies demonstrate that controlling the correct balance of Tbx5 activity is crucial for the specification of the AV boundary and valve formation.
Insights Into the Reluctance of Patients With Late-Stage Cancer to Adopt Exercise as a Means to Reduce Their Symptoms and Improve Their Function

Abstract Context Exercise reduces cancer-related disablement and adverse symptoms, yet patients' attitudes toward exercise remain largely unexamined. Objectives This qualitative study sought to characterize the beliefs of patients with late-stage disease regarding exercise, its relationship to their symptoms, and their clinicians' roles in providing related counseling. Methods Semistructured interviews with 20 adults (half male and half aged 65 years or older) with Stage IIIB or IV nonsmall cell lung cancer were qualitatively analyzed. Participants were questioned about their levels of activity, the influence of their symptoms on their activities, perceived barriers and facilitators for exercise, and exercise-related instructions received from their professional caregivers. Results Participants overwhelmingly cited usual daily activities as their source of "exercise." Symptoms, particularly treatment-related, discouraged participation, with fear of harm being a significant concern only among younger women. Exercise was recognized as important for physical and mental well-being but seldom as a means to mitigate symptoms. Weather, recalled levels of premorbid fitness, and exercise participation modulated current exercise behaviors. Although respondents preferred to receive guidance from their oncologist, none reported receiving more than general encouragement to "stay active." A lack of direction was typically accepted as a sanction of their current activity levels. Participants appeared less receptive to guidance from ancillary health professionals. Conclusion Effective use of exercise and activity modification to ameliorate cancer-related symptoms appears to require a linkage to a patient's usual and past activities, proactive negotiation of potential barriers, education regarding symptoms and exercise, and the positive support of their oncologist.
ARE THESE PEOPLE CRAZY, OR WHAT? A Rational Choice Interpretation of Cults and Charisma

In the wake of numerous late twentieth century cult disasters, and most recently, the September 11 tragedy, this paper considers the question, why do people obey outrageous commands from charismatic authorities? According to Gary Becker, “the economic ap‐proach provides a valuable unified framework for understanding all human behavior” (Becker 1976:14). We test this generalization by attempting to explain, in terms of rational choice theory, the behavior of two members of infamous cults, the Manson Family and the Ragneesh Foundation International. Each of these subjects slavishly obeyed orders from a charismatic personality, one to the extent of committing murder. Were they mentally ill or rationally maximizing their utility? We consider these theoretical options. In August of 1969 Charles Manson ordered several of his followers to commit gruesome murders for the purpose of initiating the apocalypse. They obeyed. In late 1978, Jim Jones commanded over 900 members of the Peoples Temple to commit suicide. They obeyed. From 1981 to 1985, executing orders to build utopia perceived to come from their guru, members of the Ragneesh Foundation International terrorized the inhabitants of Antelope, Oregon. Similarly, followers of Osama Bin Laden are suspected of carrying out the disastrous suicide murders of September 11. Over past decades, the incidence of violence involving submission to a charismatic leader appears to be escalating. Increasingly the public must contend with the “awesome power” of charisma, “enshrouded in a mystique of irrationality” (Bradley 1987: 3–4). The extent to which followers committing criminal acts of obedience may be held accountable has become a pressing legal issue. How can this kind of volatile religious commitment be explained? In recent years, experts on cults have experimented with rational choice theory. According to economist, Gary Becker, “the economic approach provides a valuable unified framework for understanding all human behavior” (Becker 1976: 14). We test this extravagant claim with two cases of seemingly irrational commitment to a charismatic cult leader—one a follower of Bhagwan Rajneesh, the other a Manson Family killer. These subjects are not representative cult members but rather were chosen because they demonstrated an exceptional loyalty to their leaders that has been widely construed as the result of brainwashing or insanity. Rather than survey data, we rely on autobiographical testimonies since they offer a more detailed and comprehensive view of the thought processes that motivate behavior, the subject matter of this paper.
Retinal vasculitis and posterior pole "hypopyons" as early signs of acute bacterial endophthalmitis.

Abstract PURPOSE: To report a case of acute postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis presenting with retinal vasculitis and posterior pole "hypopyons." DESIGN: Observational case report. METHODS: Observational case report. RESULTS: In a 73-year-old woman, acute postoperative endophthalmitis presented with retinal vasculitis, diffuse retinal hemorrhages, and several posterior pole "hypopyons" that were collections of yellow–white inflammatory debris. The inflammation was located primarily in the posterior one third of the vitreous, and except for severely impaired visual acuity, the classic signs of acute postoperative endophthalmitis were not present until the next day. An immediate pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal injection of vancomycin, amikacin, and dexamethasone was performed. Vitreous and aqueous cultures grew coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species. After intravenous and topical therapy for endophthalmitis, the inflammation subsided. Eight weeks after the initial cataract surgery, the best corrected visual acuity of the patient was 20/25. CONCLUSION: Acute postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis may present with atypical clinical signs and inflammation located primarily in the retina and posterior vitreous.
Sensor noise camera identification: countering counter-forensics

In camera identification using sensor noise, the camera that took a given image can be determined with high certainty by establishing the presence of the camera's sensor fingerprint in the image. In this paper, we develop methods to reveal counter-forensic activities in which an attacker estimates the camera fingerprint from a set of images and pastes it onto an image from a different camera with the intent to introduce a false alarm and, in doing so, frame an innocent victim. We start by classifying different scenarios based on the sophistication of the attacker's activity and the means available to her and to the victim, who wishes to defend herself. The key observation is that at least some of the images that were used by the attacker to estimate the fake fingerprint will likely be available to the victim as well. We describe the socalled "triangle test" that helps the victim reveal attacker's malicious activity with high certainty under a wide range of conditions. This test is then extended to the case when none of the images that the attacker used to create the fake fingerprint are available to the victim but the victim has at least two forged images to analyze. We demonstrate the test's performance experimentally and investigate its limitations. The conclusion that can be made from this study is that planting a sensor fingerprint in an image without leaving a trace is significantly more difficult than previously thought.
A Perspective on Medical Robotics

This paper provides an overview of medical robotics, from the perspective of a researcher who has been actively involved in the field for 17 years. Like all robot systems, medical robots fundamentally couple information to physical action to significantly enhance humans' ability to perform important tasks-in this case surgical interventions, rehabilitation, or simply helping handicapped people in daily living tasks. Research areas include modeling and analysis of anatomy and task environments, interface technology between the "data world" and the physical world, and study of how complex systems are put together. This paper will discuss these research areas and illustrate their interrelationship with application examples. Although the main focus will be on robotic systems for surgery, it will also discuss the relationship of these research areas to rehabilitation and assistance robots. Finally, it will include some thoughts on the factors driving the acceptance of medical robotics and of how research can be most effectively organized
Genotypic analysis of Giardia duodenalis in domestic cats.

Background:Giardia duodenalis is an intestinal flagellated protozoan that affects many mammalian species often causing severe diarrheal disease. Several different genotypes have been identified (Assemblages A-G). Most isolates recovered from domestic cats have been assigned to either Assemblage A, the zoonotic form of the parasite, or Assemblage F, identified thus far only in cats. Genotypic variation within G. duodenalis may influence clinical presentation and course of disease. Therefore, host-adapted genotypes may not be responsible for diarrheal disease (eg, Assemblage F in cats). Hypothesis:Multiple Giardia genotypes will be present in domestic cats, including Assemblage F, which will not be correlated with clinical signs. Animals:250 domestic cats from eastern Mississippi and northwestern Alabama. Methods:Prevalence survey. Fecal samples evaluated for cysts using a centrifugation concentration technique and a commercially available direct immunoflourescent antibody kit. Giardia isolates were characterized by PCR amplification and sequencing of the glutamate dehydrogenase gene. Results:Both Assemblage A-I (6/17) and Assemblage F (11/17) were identified. Although Assemblage was significantly associated with age and housing, no association was detected between Assemblage and a variety of other factors including the presence of gastrointestinal signs (acute vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The presence of diarrhea in domestic cats with Giardia cannot be used as a predictor of the presence of zoonotic genotypes in animals within the study area. Although Assemblage A was associated with age and housing, veterinarians should consider any isolation of Giardia from domestic cats as potentially zoonotic.
Terahertz wave propagation in one-dimensional periodic dielectrics

We demonstrate the temporal evolution of terahertz (THz) wave propagation in one-dimensional periodic dielectrics. Distributed Bragg reflectors and a resonant cavity are investigated: The structures involve air gaps interleaved between polymer films. Transmitted and reflected broadband THz waves are measured by means of THz time-domain spectroscopy. The experimental results agree well with transfer matrix calculations.
Promoting Preschoolers’ Moral Reasoning

Young children's moral development and socialization have been of increasing interest to parents, teachers, and researchers as children's social experiences in the preschool years have expanded to include many nonfamilial adults and peers. A Piagetian or structural approach to understanding heteronomous and autonomous moral reasoning in young children is discussed. The roles of cognitive maturation and social interaction with peers and adults are considered. Implications from theory and research are offered to early childhood educators for facilitating preschool children's moral reasoning and development through curriculum activities, classroom policies, and behavior management strategies.
Golgi studies on Purkinje cell development in the frog during spontaneous metamorphosis. II. Details of dendritic development

The development of Purkinje cell dendrites was studied in the bullfrog from premetamorphic tadpoles to 10-week-old postmetamorphic froglets by the Golgi-Kopsch method. In this species two distinct patterns of arbor formation may be seen, which appear to be related to differences in the timing of initial dendritic development. In Purkinje cells that begin development in early tadpole stages, the dendritic tree is elaborated by continuous and concomitant growth and branching, a process by which the developing arbor expands in both height and width. Arbor formation in Purkinje cells that begin development in metamorphosing tadpoles proceeds in two separate steps. Initially, dendrites of such cells elongate, but form only a few poorly developed branches; only when the arbor reaches near-adult height does branching become extensive. Additional differences present in Purkinje cells are reflected in the paucity of growth cones and filopodia in the tadpole, and numerous filopodia and growth cones in the metamorphic period. An interesting feature of dendritic development in this species is a tendency to alter the arboreal domain by the formation of extra-arboreal dendrites, and possibly by the occasional resorbtion of other partially formed dendrites. The pattern of dendritic development in the frog is different than in mammals and is difficult to interpret. Such unusual development may be due to disturbances in the timing of the formation of Purkinje cell dendrites and of the establishment of the external granular layer (EGL).
Effects of Belief in Free Will or Determinism on Attitudes toward Punishment and Locus of Control

Abstract Belief in free will or determinism is related to attitudes toward punishment and to locus of control. The relationships remain ambiguous, however, perhaps because the belief has been viewed historically as a unidimensional construct. The responses of 507 American undergraduates to a free will-determinism questionnaire established the existence of two types of deterministic belief—psychosocial and religious-philosophical—and a separate, independent belief in libertarianism. Beliefs about punishment were multidimensional, consisting of attitudes toward punitiveness and rehabilitation. Respondents with higher scores on psychosocial or religious-philosophical determinism or libertarianism were more punitive than those with lower scores. High scores on either type of determinism were associated with more external locus of control scores. Respondents who rated the free will-determinism items for themselves and those who rated them for people in general differed on a number of dependent measures.
Neurobiology of the scallop. II: Structure of the parietovisceral ganglion lateral lobes in relation to afferent projections from the mantle eyes

The lateral lobes of the scallop parietovisceral ganglion have been examined morphologically with respect to their functional role as optic lobes. The gross morphology of the lateral lobe and projections of optic nerve fibers within it were investigated by 1) supravital methylene blue staining, and 2) autoradiography using tritiated proline injected intraocularly for incorporation and transport by the optic fibers. Ultrastruc‐turally, the lateral lobe was examined using standard electron microscopic techniques. The lateral lobe is composed of a cortical rind of cells, 8–15 μm in diameter at the ventral surface and 15–20 μm in diameter at the ventral surface, surrounding a central neuropil. The neuropil contains three distinct regions: 1) the glomerular neuropil, a series of densely staining spherical subunits associated with the eyes and pallial nerves, 2) the subcellular neuropil, a synaptic region adjacent to the ventral cell layer also having a visual function, and 3) the subglomerular neuropil, the re...
Ureteral injury in abdominal vascular reconstructive surgery

Abstract Iatrogenic ureteral injuries in vascular reconstructive surgery are rarely reported. We present a case of ureteral transaction during repair of an aortic aneurysm in a patient with a previously placed aortobifemoral graft. In reported series of surgical ureteral injuries, 17 of 381 injuries occurred during vascular procedures. A review of the literature and management scheme for ureteral complications in the presence of prosthetic vascular grafts is presented in light of current endourologic materials and techniques.
Political competition in a model of economic growth: Some theoretical results*

We analyze the role of political competition on the type of economic policies that are selected in a one sector model of economic growth. We identify conditions under which neoclassical optimal growth plans occur, and conditions in which political business cycles occur. We find that the ability commit to multiperiod economic policy leads to less political stability of economic plans.
Compressibility of nuclear matter from the giant monopole resonance

Abstract The E0 strength distribution in 90Zr, 116Sn, 144Sm and 208Pb have been measured with inelastic scattering of 240 MeV α particles at small angles. The E0 strengths in 116Sn, 144Sm and 208Pb were found to be concentrated in symmetric peaks and centroid of the strength distributions were located at Ex= 16.00±07, 15.31±11, and 14.24±11 MeV respectively. In 90Zr the E0 distribution was found to have a high energy tail extending up to Ex = 25 MeV. The resulting centroid of the E0 strength for 90Zr is Ex=17.89±20 MeV. These results and the previously reported result for 40Ca lead to Knm=231±5 MeV by comparing to mecroscopic calculations.
The past and future roles of solid state nuclear track detectors

Abstract Nuclear tracks in solids can be revealed by a variety of techniques, the simplest and most widely used of which is that of preferential chemical attack. Particle track etching has been used in a diversity of fields, both scientific and applied. This report first reviews the applications and then hazards some predictions for the future.
Developmental evolution: Getting robust about robustness

In the context of development, a process is robust if it can proceed normally despite the enormous capacity for perturbation inherent in all biological systems. A new mode of theoretical modeling of genetic networks holds great promise for increasing our understanding of both the quantitative mechanisms of robustness and its evolutionary impact.
C-reactive protein and colorectal adenoma in the CLUE II cohort

Objective Circulating C-reactive protein concentration has been associated with colorectal cancer in some studies. Whether C-reactive protein is associated with earlier steps in the natural history of this cancer has not been published (aside from an abstract). Thus, we evaluated the association between plasma C-reactive protein concentration and development of colorectal adenoma in a nested case–control study.
Promising new strategies to target gene regulatory factors in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

“Recent work has highlighted the promise of several new prototype drugs that target different aspects of gene regulatory function. Some have shown promise specifically in preclinical models of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia…”
Women with malignant pleural mesothelioma have a threefold better survival rate than men.

Background Many studies have reported that women with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) experience longer survival compared with men, whereas others have not. To date, no large population-based studies have evaluated MPM outcome and its determinants in female patients. Methods All pathologically confirmed cases of MPM in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database from 1973 to 2009 were evaluated. Age, year of diagnosis, race, stage, cancer-directed surgery, radiation, and vital status were analyzed according to gender. Cox proportional hazard models were derived to assess the association between prognostic factors and survival. Results There were 14,228 cases of MPM, of which 3,196 (22%) were women. Despite similar baseline characteristics for both genders, 5-year survival was 13.4% in women and 4.5% in men ( p Conclusions This large data set confirms that although MPM is less common in women, they present with similar stage and are offered similar treatment options compared with men. Nevertheless, survival is far better in women compared with men, independent of confounders such as age, stage, and treatment. Differences in asbestos exposure, tumor biology, and the impact of circulating hormones on host response must be investigated to understand this survival advantage and improve prognosis for patients of both genders.
Development of a Second-Generation Regional Climate Model (RegCM2). Part I: Boundary-Layer and Radiative Transfer Processes

Abstract During the last few years the development of a second-generation regional climate modeling system (RegCM2) has been completed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Based upon the National Center for Atmospheric Research-Pennsylvania State University Mesoscale Model (MM4), RegCM2 includes improved formulations of boundary layer, radiative transfer, surface physics, cumulus convection, and time integration technique, which make it more physically comprehensive and more computationally efficient than the previous regional climate model version. This paper discusses a number of month-long simulations over the European region that were conducted to test the new RegCM2 boundary-layer parameterization (the scheme developed by Holtsag et al.) and radiative transfer formulation [the package developed for the NCAR Community Climate Model 2 (CCM 2)]. Both schemes significantly affect the model precipitation, temperature, moisture, and cloudiness climatology, leading to overall more realist...
Sintering of titania-silica powder compacts with a bimodal pore-size distribution

Abstract The sintering of 7.3% TiO2 SiO2 powders that were synthesized by the spontaneous emulsification of metal alkoxides was studied. The particles were ∼ 130 nm in diameter and consisted of primary particles of 32 nm diameter. The bimodal pore size distribution of powder compacts resulted in a two-stage sintering process with the individual particles sintering to full density at 1075°C and the interparticle porosity requiring 1200°C for complete removal. By using the compact density at the beginning of the interparticle stage of densification, it was determined that the sintering of the glass powders fits Scherer's open pore, viscous sintering model. The viscosities of the TiO2 SiO2 glass derived from the model are in reasonable agreement with literature reports for titania-silica glasses.
Metal-organic heat carrier nanofluids

Abstract Nanofluids, dispersions of metal or oxide nanoparticles in a base working fluid, are being intensively studied due to improvements they offer in thermal properties of the working fluid. However, these benefits have been erratically demonstrated and proven impacts on thermal conductivity are modest and well described from long-established effective medium theory. In this paper, we describe a new class of metal-organic heat carrier (MOHC) nanofluid that offers potential for a larger performance boost in thermal vapor–liquid compression cycles. MOHCs are nanophase porous coordination solids designed to reversibly uptake the working fluid molecules in which the MOHCs are suspended. Additional heat can be extracted in a heat exchanger or solar collector from the endothermic enthalpy of desorption, which is then released as the nanofluid transits through a power generating device such as a turboexpander. Calculations for an R123 MOHC nanofluid indicated potential for up to 15% increase in power output. Capillary tube experiments show that liquid–vapor transitions occur without nanoparticle deposition on the tube walls provided entrance Reynolds number exceeds approximately 100.
Molecular structure of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase at 2.8-A resolution

Abstract Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.11) from the cortex of pig kidney and its complexes with either fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) have been crystallized in the space group P3(2)21. The three-dimensional structure of the native enzyme has been solved at 3.0-A resolution by the multiple isomorphous replacement method and refined at 2.8-A resolution to a crystallographic R factor of 0.194. A total of 316 of 335 residues, omitting disordered regions 1-5 and 54-67, have been built into the monomer, which has average dimensions of about 30 A by 50 A by 35 A. Four monomeric units aggregate into a molecular tetramer with D2 symmetry, which approximates a disk about 35 A thick. Each monomer consists of about 33% alpha-helix, 23% beta-strand, and 6% beta-turn. Four sites for Fru-2,6-P2 and two major sites for AMP binding per tetramer have been identified by difference Fourier techniques. The binding site for Fru-2,6-P2 is shared by two neighboring monomers and consists of side-chain atoms of Asn-212, Tyr-244, Tyr-264, and Lys-274; backbone atoms of Gly-246 through Met-248; and only Arg-243 from the adjacent subunit. In addition, Asn-125, Tyr-215, and Lys-269 are located within a distance of about 5 A of Fru-2,6-P2. A negatively charged pocket near this binding site includes Asp-118, Asp-121, Glu-280, Glu-97, and Glu-98. The AMP binding site is located near Val-17, Gln-20, Gly-21, Ala-24 through Met-30, Lys-112, Tyr-113, Arg-140, and Met-177.
Academic Deans, Codes of Ethics, and……Fiduciary Duties?

College and university academic deans must comply with two sets of professional regulations. As faculty members, they must adhere to their institution's internally generated code of ethics. As administrators and agents of their institution, they must meet the fiduciary duties of diligence and loyalty. Both sets of regulations are similar in the obligations they impose on a dean, the degree of care they demand of a dean in the execution of those obligations, the nature of a breach of those obligations by a dean, the procedures by which the breach of an obligation is addressed, and the remedies available to the institution against a dean following a breach. Colleges and universities should develop and publish both an ethics code and a fiduciary code. Both sets of regulations, however, should avoid common shortcomings. Ethics codes should not be too specific or too general, overly simplistic or highly complex, or outstripped by the rapidly changing world of academia. A codification of fiduciary duties should avoid the problems of poor definition or ambiguity. Developing an institutional code of professional responsibility that incorporates both ethical and fiduciary responsibilities would provide an academic dean with a more comprehensive benchmark for professional expectations and responsibilities. The interplay between the two sets of complementary regulations would further clarify the professional expectation of an academic dean and may also ameliorate some of the shortcomings inherent in an ethics code.
Correlation of DTPA extractable Fe with indigenous properties of selected calcareous soils

Abstract During the past few years the DTPA soil test (Lindsay and Norvell, 1978) has been widely accepted for the routine estimation of plant available Fe. The strength of the DTPA test lies in the ability of DTPA to extract labile forms of Fe from the soil, as the plant is able to extract these same labile Fe forms. The objective of this study was to determine the most probable sources of labile Fe which are being removed by the DTPA extractant. Twenty‐four calcareous soils of Texas were extensively analyzed with respect to Fe oxide, organic matter, clay and solution phases. DTPA extractable Fe was highly correlated with ammonium oxalate extractable Fe (amorphous or poorly crystalline Fe oxide), but not with citrate‐dithionite extractable Fe (total free Fe oxide, including well‐crystalline forms), indicating that the amorphous phase was more readily solubilized by DTPA. Clay content and organic carbon parameters were also correlated (though somewhat less) with DTPA‐extractable Fe. It is likely that the ...
The effect of oxidation on magnetic properties of amorphous Co75.26−xFe4.74(BSi)20 + x alloys

Abstract A comparative oxidation study of several amorphous Co 75.25−x Fe 4.74 (BSi) 20+x alloys was carried out, A reentrant magnetization behavior and field-induced anhotropy were obtained after oxidation of the amorphous Co-rich ribbons. During this oxidation, the ribbons were found to develop surface oxides which are primarily non-magnetic borosilicate or a combination of borosilicate and magnetic oxides such CoO or FeO. Beneath this lies about 100–1000 A thick Co-rich magnetic alloy which may be either hcp or fcc in its crystal structure. The thickness of Co crystallized layer is determined by the type of the surface oxides. The oxidation products such as surface and internal oxides (oxygen impurity faults) appear to affect magnetization behavior of Co rich amorphous alloys significantly. We have determined the amount of metalloids (a critical concentration) which is necessary to form a continuous layer of the most thermodynamically stable oxide, in our case borosilicate, on the surface. We also observed that there is a good correlation between reentrant magnetization and thickness of Co layer. The best reentrant M-H loop was obtained in ribbons with a surface borate-rich borosilicate since this ensures the conditions such as (1) metalloid depletion in the substrate and (2) formation of oxygen impurity faults in Co grains, that are required for strong reentrant magnetization behavior.
δ-Catenin Regulates Spine and Synapse Morphogenesis and Function in Hippocampal Neurons during Development

The maintenance of spine and synapse number during development is critical for neuronal circuit formation and function. Here we show that δ-catenin, a component of the cadherin-catenin cell adhesion complex, regulates spine and synapse morphogenesis during development. Genetic ablation or acute knockdown of δ-catenin leads to increases in spine and synapse density, accompanied by a decrease in tetrodotoxin induced spine plasticity. Our results indicate that δ-catenin may mediate conversion of activity-dependent signals to morphological spine plasticity. The functional role of δ-catenin in regulating spine density does not require binding to cadherins, but does require interactions with PDZ domain-containing proteins. We propose that the perturbations in spine and synaptic structure and function observed after depletion of δ-catenin during development may contribute to functional alterations in neural circuitry, the cognitive deficits observed in mutant mice, and the mental retardation pathology of Cri-du-chat syndrome.
Separation of oleic acid and linoleic acid by solvent extraction

Oleic acid and linoleic acid were separated by extraction with the solvent systemn-heptane-dimethyl sulfoxide. The separation factor decreased with increasing concentrations of fatty acids in the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) layer. At fatty concn of 0.60 and 16.02%, the separation factors of linoleic acid were found to be 2.18 and 1.28, respectively. The solvent could be removed by adding water to the extract. DMSO is very soluble in water while the fatty acids are only sparingly soluble. Thus DMSO and fatty acids are separated. A phase diagram for the system Unitol ACD-DMSO-water at 25C and 1 atm is given.
Controlling the morphology of gold films on poly(dimethylsiloxane)

Gold films on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) have applications in stretchable electronics, tunable diffraction gratings, soft lithography and as neural interfaces. The electrical and optical properties of these films depend critically on the morphology of the gold. Therefore, we examine qualitatively and quantitatively the factors that affect the morphology of the gold film. Three morphologies can be produced controllably: microcracked, buckled, and smooth. Which morphology a gold film will adopt depends on the film stress and the growth mode of the film. The factors that affect the film stress and growth mode, and thus the morphology, are as follows: deposition temperature, film thickness, elastic modulus, adhesion layer thickness, surface properties of the PDMS, and mechanical prestrain applied during deposition. We discuss how the different components of the film stress and growth mode of the film affect the morphology.
Provenance Study of Upper Freeport (Pennsylvanian: Allegheny Group) and Mahoning (Pennsylvanian: Conemaugh Group) Sandstones in Eastern Ohio: ABSTRACT

Deposition of the complex sedimentary facies in the Allegheny basin exhibits a change in the dominant source of sediment influx from north to southeast through Pennsylvanian time. Lobate deltas entered eastern Ohio from both the rising Appalachian Mountains to the east and southeast and from the Canadian shield to the north. Confusion exists regarding the limits of the respective deltas. The present study is an attempt to define the limits of these sedimentary domains for a small portion of the basin in space and time. Samples of the upper Freeport (Upper Desmoinesian) and Mahoning (Lower Missourian) sandstones were collected along their western outcrop through eastern Ohio from Summit to Gallia Counties along a north-south transect. Thin sections were point-counted and a alyses of the data made to determine whether the individual samples had their source in the high-grade metamorphic and igneous crystalline basement of the Canadian shield, or among the sedimentary and low-grade metamorphic rocks of the Appalachians. Determination of the source of the samples allows delineation of the boundary between respective delta lobes. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1166------------
Radiologic diagnosis of different types of pulmonary stenoses

Right ventricular outflow obstructive lesions are among the most prevalent congenital cardiac anomalies with a frequency ranging from 6–10% when considered as isolated anomalies. As part of a more complicated developmental complex, their frequency is undoubtedly higher. The diagnosis can be suspected by the traditional clinical and hemodynamic findings, but a firm diagnosis can only be made by angiography. An exact diagnosis is most important since most of these lesions can be surgically corrected.
Equality, Harmony, and the Environment: An Ecofeminist Approach to Understanding the Role of Cultural Values on the Treatment of Women and Nature

Abstract This research investigated the associations between hegemonic cultural values, gender equality, and environmental protection. Psychologists have largely studied domination of people over other people (e.g., men over women) rather than domination of people over the environment. Ecofeminism, however, theorizes that hegemonic systems of power and oppression materialize both as domination of men over women and as domination of people over the environment, leading to degradation of the ecosystems. Consequently, we theorize that gender inequality and impacts on the natural world should be related at a national level, and that cultural tendencies to prioritize hegemonic values of hierarchy of people (rather than egalitarianism) and mastery over the environment (rather than harmony) should be related to negative environmental impacts and gender inequality. Data from the United Nations (2009) on gender equality and women's empowerment, Schwartz's (2006) assessment of cultural value orientation, and Yale's...
Models for the Chemical Vapor Deposition of Tin Oxide from Monobutyltintrichloride

Global kinetic mechanisms and models are developed to describe the growth of tin oxide (SnO 2 ) films from monobutyltintrichloride (MBTC) by chemical vapor deposition. Several candidate mechanisms are examined. Deposition from MBTC + O 2 mixtures is best described by a mechanism in which MBTC reacts with an oxygen-covered surface, while deposition from MBTC + O 2 + H 2 O mixtures can be effectively predicted using a mechanism in which a gas-phase MBTC-H 2 O complex is formed, adsorbed by the surface, and reacts with gas-phase O 2 to form SnO 2 . Both models are based on new and previously reported growth-rate data obtained in a stagnation flow reactor (SFR) as a function of the inlet concentrations of MBTC, O 2 , and H 2 O, substrate temperature, inlet gas velocity, and total pressure. Model rate constants were obtained by fitting to SFR growth rates obtained at 25 Torr and relatively low MBTC concentrations (0.1-0.4 mol %). The predictions are within a factor of 2 of SFR data obtained at higher pressures (up to 100 Torr), as well as with results in the literature obtained at 1 atm, suggesting that the deposition mechanisms used capture the essential chemistry over a broad range of chemical vapor deposition conditions.
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF OCCUPANCY DATA: A HEALTHCARE CAPACITY PLANNING APPLICATION

Managerial decision making problems in the healthcare industry often involve considerations of customer occupancy by time of day and day of week. Through a case study at a large tertiary care hospital, we discuss a number of issues that arise in analyzing occupancy data which have implications for design of healthcare operations oriented data warehouses and analysis tools. We offer practical solutions to these problems including a transaction oriented database design, a general database framework and software tool for analysis of occupancy related data and a method for simulating entity flow from the data mart.
Least squares approach for the time-dependent nonlinear Stokes–Darcy flow

Abstract A time-dependent nonlinear model of Stokes–Darcy flows is considered for numerical approximations by an optimization based domain decomposition method. The coupled system is formulated as a constrained optimal control problem, where a Neumann type control is introduced to enforce boundary conditions on the interface of subdomains. A computational algorithm is discussed for the least squares functional which measures the jump of flow balance across the interface. Numerical results are presented to validate convergence and accuracy of the method.
C-Reactive Protein and Pain Sensitivity: Findings from Female Twins

Systemic inflammation and pain sensitivity may contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic pain conditions. We examined the relationship between systemic inflammation as measured by C-reactive protein (CRP) and cold pain sensitivity in 198 female twins from the University of Washington Twin Registry. We also explored the potential role of familial factors in this relationship. Linear regression modeling with generalized estimating equations examined the overall and within-pair associations. Higher levels of CRP were associated with higher pain sensitivity ratings at pain threshold (p = 0.02) and tolerance (p = 0.03) after adjusting for age, body mass index, time to reach pain threshold or tolerance, and clinical pain status. The magnitude of the associations remained the same in within-pair analyses controlling for familial factors. The link between CRP and pain sensitivity may be due to non-shared environmental factors. CRP and pain sensitivity can be examined as potential biomarkers for chronic pain and other inflammatory conditions.
The effects of desmethylimipramine and lithium on human sperm function.

Abstract We investigated the effects of treatment with desmethylimipramine and lithium carbonate on sperm function in a group of physically healthy men with endogenous (primary) depression, and compared these results with sperm function from a control group of healthy non-depressed donors. The major findings were reductions in sperm viability and alterations in sperm motility after three weeks of treatment with both drugs.
Adaptive and learning control of large space structures

The paper describes the adaptive learning system for space operations which assumes that structural testing can be conducted during deployment and assembly. Simulation results using the solar electric propulsion array and a novel remote sensor are presented; they involve faster scan television coverage of the motions of the array from four cameras on the corners of the Space Shuttle payload bay. The description of the simulation, the filtering algorithm for processing the TV data, the parameter extraction algorithm, and the simulation results are presented.
N-Methyl-D, L-aspartate stimulates growth hormone but not luteinizing hormone secretion in the sheep

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of N-methyl-d, l-aspartate (NMA) on luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone (GH) secretion in castrated male sheep. Blood was sampled from Hampshire wethers every 15 min for 8 hr on day 1. At 4 and 6 hr after the initiation of the experiment, wethers were treated i.v. with NMA at a dose of 12 mg/kg body weight (n = 5) or .9% saline (n = 5). The dosage of NMA was within the range of doses that was previously demonstrated to stimulate LH secretion in monkeys. Blood samples were also collected every 15 min for 1 hr on day 2, beginning 24 hr after the first injection of NMA or saline. Treatment with NMA had no effect on mean LH concentrations, LH pulse frequency or LH pulse amplitude during the 4 hr period following the first injection on day 1. On day 2, however, mean LH concentrations were lower (p less than .01) in NMA versus saline-treated wethers. Conversely, administration of NMA evoked a dramatic increase (p less than .02) in mean GH concentrations on day 1. The mechanisms responsible for the effects of NMA described herein and whether or not these effects are relevant to the physiological control of LH and GH release in the sheep warrants further scrutiny.
Parietal lobe contributions to episodic memory retrieval

Although the parietal lobe is not traditionally thought to support declarative memory, recent event-related fMRI studies of episodic retrieval have consistently revealed a range of memory-related influences on activation in lateral posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and precuneus extending into posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortex. This article surveys the fMRI literature on PPC activation during remembering, a literature that complements earlier electroencephalography data. We consider these recent memory-related fMRI responses within the context of classical ideas about parietal function that emphasize space-based attention and motor intention. We conclude by proposing three hypotheses concerning how parietal cortex might contribute to memory.
THE ABDOMINAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME

The abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) may be defined as the adverse physiologic consequences that occur as a result of an acute increase in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). Clinically, the organ systems most affected include the cardiovascular, renal, and pulmonary systems. Decreased cardiac output, increased peripheral resistance, oliguria, anuria, increased airway pressure, decreased compliance, and hypoxia may all occur. If untreated, ACS leads to lethal organ failure. In contrast, decompression of the abdominal cavity immediately reverses the above pathophysiologic changes. The most common cause of the syndrome is coagulopathy and postoperative hemorrhage. Although these may occur following any abdominal procedure, they are most often seen in trauma patients.
FACULTY EVALUATION IN COMMUNITY COLLEGES

A research study was conducted of faculty evaluation procedures and practices within selected community colleges in New York State. It involved three elements: theoretical foundations, applied practices, and recommended guidelines for the sponsoring body, the Faculty Council of Community Colleges, State University of New York. Four community college systems were selected for an in‐depth study of applied practices on the basis of the following criteria: geographic region, size of college, and uniqueness of the evaluation components. Campus visitations involved extensive interview procedures, along with a written questionnaire of staff involved in various stages of the evaluation system. A list of recommendations was included to serve as guidelines for the implementation of a faculty evaluation system based on theory and supported by the interview findings.
The consumption tax, horizontal redistribution, and aggregate saving

Abstract If an income tax is converted to a consumption tax of equal progressivity and equal yield, within each income class disposable income will be shifted from “low savers” to “high savers.” The impact of this “horizontal redistribution” has been neglected in previous analyses which focused on the interest elasticity of saving. We prove that “horizontal redistribution” must raise aggregate saving if persons possess “disposable income saving functions” (with certain properties and not all identical). We calculate that, if constant saving rate functions generated actual cross-section data in the U.S. in 1963, then tax conversion would have raised aggregate household saving by approximately 11% through the “horizontal redistribution effect.”
Translational Regulation of Myelin Protein Synthesis by Steroids

: Various steroids, including glucocorticoids, were observed to exert a direct effect on the rates of translation of several myelinprotein specific transcripts in a cell-free, reticulocyte lysate system. Hydrocortisone caused a twofold stimulation in the translation of mRNAs of myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein. It inhibited the translation of 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase mRNA by 50%, and had no effect on the translation of a number of other mRNAs. The data suggest that steroid-mediated translational regulation may serve as a novel mechanism to modulate the expression of myelin protein genes at the translational level.