cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cohomological dimension of groups acting on ℝ-trees

A celebrated question of Lyndon [L] as reinterpreted by Chiswell [C], Alperin and Moss [A-M], and Imrich [I], is whether one can classify the groups which act freely on ℝ-trees. It is a classical theorem that any group which acts freely, without inversions, on a simplicial tree is free. If T is a Λ-tree for Λ ⊂ ℝ a subgroup (possibly equal to ℝ itself), it is clear that not only free groups can act freely on an ℝ-tree but that free abelian groups, such as any free abelian subgroup of ℝ itself, can act freely. In [M-S3] Morgan and Shalen showed that the fundamental groups of most compact surfaces act freely on ℝ-trees. Furthermore in [M-S2] they showed that the fundamental group of a 3-manifold can act freely on an ℝ-tree only if it is a free product of fundamental groups of surfaces and of free abelian groups. This led Morgan and Shalen to conjecture that the only finitely generated groups which act freely on an ℝ-tree are free products of fundamental groups of surfaces and free abelian groups.
Differences in cerebral blood flow in early stage breast cancer survivors in comparison to healthy women.

10104Background: Cognitive dysfunction has been identified among breast cancer survivors (BCS) particularly those who receive chemotherapy. While decreases in multitasking-related brain activation ...
Infection control influence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: A hospital-based analysis.

Background Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) caused multiple outbreaks. Such outbreaks increase economic and infection control burdens. We studied the infection control influence of MERS-CoV using a hospital-based analysis. Methods Our hospital had 17 positive and 82 negative cases of MERS-CoV between April 1, 2013, and June 3, 2013. The study evaluated the impact of these cases on the use of gloves, surgical masks, N95 respirators, alcohol-based hand sanitizer, and soap, as well as hand hygiene compliance rates. Results During the study, the use of personal protective equipment during MERS-CoV compared with theperiod before MERS-CoV increased dramatically from 2,947.4 to 10,283.9 per 1,000 patient-days (P Conclusions There was a significant increase in the utilization of surgical masks, respirators, soap and alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Such an increase is a challenge and adds cost to the healthcare system.
DeepMIMO: A Generic Deep Learning Dataset for Millimeter Wave and Massive MIMO Applications.

Machine learning tools are finding interesting applications in millimeter wave (mmWave) and massive MIMO systems. This is mainly thanks to their powerful capabilities in learning unknown models and tackling hard optimization problems. To advance the machine learning research in mmWave/massive MIMO, however, there is a need for a common dataset. This dataset can be used to evaluate the developed algorithms, reproduce the results, set benchmarks, and compare the different solutions. In this work, we introduce the DeepMIMO dataset, which is a generic dataset for mmWave/massive MIMO channels. The DeepMIMO dataset generation framework has two important features. First, the DeepMIMO channels are constructed based on accurate ray-tracing data obtained from Remcom Wireless InSite. The DeepMIMO channels, therefore, capture the dependence on the environment geometry/materials and transmitter/receiver locations, which is essential for several machine learning applications. Second, the DeepMIMO dataset is generic/parameterized as the researcher can adjust a set of system and channel parameters to tailor the generated DeepMIMO dataset for the target machine learning application. The DeepMIMO dataset can then be completely defined by the (i) the adopted ray-tracing scenario and (ii) the set of parameters, which enables the accurate definition and reproduction of the dataset. In this paper, an example DeepMIMO dataset is described based on an outdoor ray-tracing scenario of 18 base stations and more than one million users. The paper also shows how this dataset can be used in an example deep learning application of mmWave beam prediction.
Developments in West Virginia in 1947

In all, 942 wells were drilled in West Virginia during 1947, or 127 more than in 1946. There were 976 permits to drill or deepen, 178 more than in 1946. There were 547 wells abandoned under permit, and 275 wells abandoned under original drilling permit numbers, or a total of 822. The total abandonments were 627 in 1946. Wells completed were: gas, 644; oil, 93; oil and gas, 25; storage et cetera, 9; dry, 171. The 1946 totals were: gas, 555; oil, 73; oil and gas, 36; storage et cetera, 3; dry, 148. Wells ranged in depth from 385 to 8,120 feet, compared with 300 to 8,410 feet in 1946. Total footage drilled (excluding original depths of wells deepened) was 2,570,198, compared with 2,317,101½ feet in 1946. The average depth of wells (including original depths of deepened ells) was 2,819 feet, compared with 2,843 feet in 1946. The total initial gas produced was 506,672 MCF., compared with 670,621 MCF. in 1946. Range in size of wells, 10 to 18,151 MCF., compared with 10 to 19,673 MCF. in 1946. Total initial daily oil, 1,567 barrels, compared with 1,206 barrels in 1946. Range in size of oil wells, ¼ barrel to 380 barrels, compared with 1/20 barrel to 400 barrels in 1946. Number of wells drilling or completions unreported at end of year, 310, compared with 304 at end of 1946. Preliminary estimates of production for 1947: gas, 222,100,000 MCF.; oil, 2,599,000 barrels. Estimated number of producing wells at end of 1947: gas, 14,000; oil, 17,000. Table gives statistics by counties.
The Role of Physical Therapy in Concussion Rehabilitation

A complex diagnosis such as concussion requires a multidisciplinary patient-centered approach to maximize health outcomes. There is growing evidence to support the role of the Physical Therapist as a key member of the team of healthcare professionals managing children and adolescents with a protracted recovery following concussion. Symptoms such as headache, dizziness, neck pain, gaze instability, balance dysfunction, and fatigue can be addressed through a multimodel approach. This article provides an overview of the targeted pathways of examination and treatment of individuals with a concussion through vestibular rehabilitation, cervicogenic rehabilitation, exertional training, and patient education.
Free amino acids and related compounds in brain and other tissues: effects of convulsant drugs.

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes a series of studies on free amino acids and related compounds in the brain. Cerebral tissue was analyzed by ion-exchange chromatography and other methods, and the technique of freezing the brain in situ with liquid air was used to avoid post-mortem increases that otherwise occur in alanine, ammonia, γ-aminobutyric acid and lactic acid. Dogs were used for most of the experiments, but supplemental studies on the effects of fluoro compounds in mice are included in the chapter. Anoxia induced by the administration of 4.5% oxygen in nitrogen for 12–13 min brought about significant increase in alanine, y-aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid, lactic acid, leucine, and tyrosine and decrease in aspartic acid and a fraction consisting of methionine and cystathionine. Ammonia was not significantly increased. Infusion of buffered ammonium chloride for a 10 min or 45 min period generally caused some degree of depression of cortical electrical activity, although in one animal a seizure developed. Amino-oxyacetic acid, which is known to antagonize the convulsant actions of thiosemicarbazide and methionine sulfoximine, was found to induce increase in brain γ-aminobutyrate, alanine, ammonia, glutamine, lactate, lysine, and tyrosine and a decrease in aspartate. Methionine sulfoximine was found to have extensive effects on the nitrogenous metabolism of the brain, causing increases in alanine, ammonia, lysine, phosphoethanolamine, and serine and decrease in aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, leucine, and the methionine and cystathionine fraction.
Erdheim‐Chester Disease: Expanding the spectrum of cutaneous manifestations

Background Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare condition and there is limited information available regarding its cutaneous manifestations. Objectives To describe the clinical and histopathological features of cutaneous involvement in ECD. Methods This study is a single-centre retrospective analysis of patients 18 years old and older with biopsy-proven diagnosis of ECD between 1 January 1990 and 1 April 2017. Patients from this cohort were screened for cutaneous manifestations, and BRAF c.1799T>A (p.V600E) mutational analysis was conducted in novel skin manifestations. Primary outcomes included cutaneous manifestations (morphology and topography of lesions) and BRAF mutation status in novel cutaneous findings. Results Of 71 patients with ECD, 15 patients (21%; median age 52 years) presented with cutaneous manifestations. The most common finding was the presence of xanthelasma-like lesions (n = 8). Two patients had nonfacial cutaneous xanthomas. Seven patients presented with nonxanthomatous cutaneous involvement, with the most common finding being subcutaneous nodules (n = 5). A single patient presented with granuloma annulare-like lesions. Another patient with mixed ECD and Langerhans cell histiocytosis presented with lightly scaling, pink-red macules. In three patients, the appearance of skin lesions was the first manifestation of the disease. Most patients presented with bone/extremity pain, weight loss and other constitutional symptoms at the time of diagnosis. The BRAF V600E mutation was not found in patients with panniculitis-like and granuloma annulare-like lesions. Conclusions The most common presentation in ECD is the presence of periorbital xanthelasma-like lesions. Other presentations include nonfacial cutaneous xanthomas, panniculitis-like lesions and granuloma annulare-like lesions. Associated symptoms at presentation include bone/extremity pain and weight loss. What's already known about this topic? Erdheim-Chester disease is a rare form of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis characterized by lipid-laden macrophage infiltration of tissue and subsequent fibrosis. Cutaneous involvement is found in approximately 25% of patients, with the majority presenting with periorbital xanthelasma-like lesions. What does this study add? We report two novel cutaneous findings: panniculitis-like lesions and granuloma annulare-like lesions. Associated bone/extremity pain and weight loss should raise suspicion for Erdheim-Chester disease.
Vector-averaged gravity alters myocyte and neuron properties in cell culture.

The effect of changes in the gravitational field of developing neurons and myocytes on the development of these cells was investigated using observations of rotated cultures of embryonic spinal neurons and myocytes in a horizontal clinostat, in which rotation produces, from the cells' perspective, a 'vector-free' gravity environment by continous averaging of the vector, thus simulating the microgravity of space. It was found that, at rotation rates between 1 and 50 rpm, cellular and nuclear areas of myocytes become significantly enlarged and the number of presumptive nucleoli increase; in neurons, frequent and large swellings appeared along neuritic shafts. Some of these changes were reversible after the cessation of rotation.
Communication Without a Shared Reference Frame

This chapter generalizes a quantum communication protocol introduced by Bartlett et al. (New J Phys 11:063013, 2009) in which two parties communicating do not share a classical reference frame, to the case where changes of their reference frames form a one-dimensional noncompact Lie group. Alice sends to Bob the state ρR ⊗ ρS, where ρS is the state of the system Alice wishes to communicate and ρR is the state of an ancillary system serving as a token of her reference frame. Because Bob is ignorant of the relationship between his reference frame and Alice’s, he will describe the state ρR ⊗ ρS as an average over all possible reference frames. Bob measures the reference token and applies a correction to the system Alice wished to communicate conditioned on the outcome of the measurement. The recovered state \(\rho _S^{\prime }\) is decohered with respect to ρS, the amount of decoherence depending on the properties of the reference token ρR. An example of this protocol is presented in which Alice and Bob do not share a reference frame associated with the one-dimensional translation group and the fidelity between ρS and \(\rho _S^{\prime }\) is used to quantify the success of the recovery operation.
Technology outlook for aviation

Growth projections for aviation technology are put forth for a quarter-century ahead. Three main trends envisaged are towards: great efficiency and economy and longer range and endurance for subsonic aircraft; new generations of short-range fixed-wing craft and rotorcraft with versatile applicability; supersonic and hypersonic speeds. Improvements in lift/drag ratio, specific fuel consumption, structural weight factor, aerodynamic improvements (laminar flow control, increased wing aspect ratio, drag reduction for specified lift, propulsion efficiency, higher bypass ratios, composite structures) are discussed along with V/STOL, controllable twist rotors, circulation control rotors, variable-cycle engines, and higher structural efficiencies.
Efficient and accurate structure preserving schemes for complex nonlinear systems

Abstract The scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) approach was recently proposed in Shen et al. (2018) to construct efficient and accurate unconditionally energy stable schemes for gradient flows. We present the SAV approach in a more general setting, and consider a few interesting extensions that enable us to use the SAV approach to deal with a large class of complex dissipative/conservative systems.
Experiencing the Surge: Report from a Large New York Radiation Oncology Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Abstract Purpose The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting all aspects of life and changing the practice of medicine. Multiple recommendations exist on how radiation oncology practices should deal with this crisis, but little information is available on what actually happens when the COVID-19 surge arrives. New York City experienced the first surge of COVID-19 in the United States and is now the epicenter of the global pandemic. This study reviews how COVID-19 has affected aspects of medicine, nursing, radiation therapy, and administration in a hospital system in New York. Methods and Materials A retrospective review was conducted of the department of radiation oncology in a single health system in New York from March 1, 2020, to April 1, 2020. Collaboration was obtained from physicians, nurses, radiation therapy staff, and administration to recall their policies and effect on specific duties. A timeline was reconstructed to chronicle significant events. Numbers were obtained for patients on treatment, treatment breaks, and COVID-19 infections among staff and patients. Results The COVID-19 surge has had a tremendous effect on the health system, such as cessation of all of surgeries, including oncologic surgery, and transfer of all inpatient oncology services to makeshift outpatient facilities. Radiation oncology has made aggressive efforts to reduce the number of patients in treatment to protect patients and staff and to reallocate staff and space for more acute clinical needs. Patients on-beam were reduced by 27% from 172 to 125 by April 1. Almost all visits were changed to telemedicine within 2 weeks. Infection rates and quarantine were quite low among staff and patients. The majority of residents were deployed into COVID-19 clinical settings. Conclusions Although we “planned for the worst,” our health system was able to make necessary changes to still function at a reduced capacity. Our experience will give other departments a concrete experience to help them make their own policies and manage expectations.
Spatial variation in access to the health care safety net for Hispanic immigrants, 1970-2017.

Abstract Hispanic immigrants have long faced barriers to accessing health care in the U.S., as they are largely excluded from federal programs like Medicaid. Since the 1960s, the federal government has operated a nationwide network of Community Health Centers (CHCs) that serve anyone, regardless of ability to pay or citizenship status. To what extent has this widespread, immigrant-inclusive institution been accessible to Hispanic immigrants? Using novel administrative data joined with Census and American Community Survey data from 1970 to 2017, this study documents spatial variation in population-level proximity to CHCs in relation to changing Hispanic migration patterns. Findings show that health centers, both historically and contemporarily, have been far more spatially proximate to poor and foreign-born Hispanics than to poor whites. In 2017, 56% of poor and foreign-born Hispanics in the U.S. lived within two miles of a CHC compared to 30% of poor whites. While access to CHCs has been consistently greater in established gateways, regardless of urbanicity, growth in new destination safety net infrastructure has increased at a faster rate. The CHC program has been substantially more accessible to the foreign-born than U.S.-born Hispanic and uninsured populations, showing the geographic potential for CHCs to provide care to underserved immigrant communities. This study provides the first descriptive evidence of the programmatic reach of this safety net institution across time and space, highlighting a crucial yet underexplored factor in understanding the health of Hispanic immigrants.
Distribution and Morphological Diversity of Palaeocarpinus (Betulaceae) from the Paleogene of the Northern Hemisphere

The extinct betulaceous genus Palaeocarpinus accommodates fossils with a mixture of characters shared by fruits of the extant genera Carpinus and Corylus. Originally described from the Paleocene of southeastern England, the genus has since been recognized in other parts of Europe, North America and Asia, and into the Eocene. Currently, descriptions exist for ten named Palaeocarpinus species. Here we present a comparative review of all known Palaeocarpinus species to evaluate morphology and diversity. We recognize a broader North American range for the Paleocene species P. joffrensis, and establish three new species, including two from the Paleocene of Wyoming, P. pterabaratra and P. pteravestigia, and one from the Eocene of Oregon, P. parva. We also update nomenclature for the species previously recognized from the Paleocene of France. Lastly, we discuss the morphological diversity and characteristics of bracts within Palaeocarpinus, and compare the involucres and nuts to those of extant Carpinus and Corylus to, and consider the evolutionary implications.
Predictive modeling in neurocritical care using causal artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) and digital twin models of various systems have long been used in industry to test products quickly and efficiently. Use of digital twins in clinical medicine caught attention with the development of Archimedes, an AI model of diabetes, in 2003. More recently, AI models have been applied to the fields of cardiology, endocrinology, and undergraduate medical education. The use of digital twins and AI thus far has focused mainly on chronic disease management, their application in the field of critical care medicine remains much less explored. In neurocritical care, current AI technology focuses on interpreting electroencephalography, monitoring intracranial pressure, and prognosticating outcomes. AI models have been developed to interpret electroencephalograms by helping to annotate the tracings, detecting seizures, and identifying brain activation in unresponsive patients. In this mini-review we describe the challenges and opportunities in building an actionable AI model pertinent to neurocritical care that can be used to educate the newer generation of clinicians and augment clinical decision making.
Canine Retrobulbar Cellulitis and Abscessation in the Southeastern United States: A review of case management, diagnostic imaging, bacterial isolates, and susceptibility patterns

Objective To describe common bacterial organisms cultured from retrobulbar cellulitis and abscess lesions, in vitro susceptibility patterns, common diagnostic techniques utilized, etiologies encountered, and prevalence of blindness. Animals studied Thirty-eight dogs diagnosed with retrobulbar cellulitis or abscessation from 2007 to 2017. Procedure For cases of orbital cellulitis or abscess, signalment, orbital imaging, cytology, histopathology, bacterial culture and susceptibility testing, presence of vision at the initial examination and resolution, and presumed cellulitis/abscess etiology were recorded. Results Most cases were medically (78.9%) versus surgically managed (18.4%). Most common form of orbital imaging was computed tomography (48.5%) followed by ocular ultrasound (18.2%). Fifteen of eighteen cultures (83.3%) showed growth of aerobic bacterial organisms, anaerobic bacterial organisms, or both. Most common aerobic bacteria were gram-negative bacilli (40.0%) followed by Corynebacterium sp. (26.7%) and α-hemolytic Streptococci sp. (26.7%) but Micrococcus and Bacillus spp. were also identified. Most common anaerobic bacteria were gram-negative bacilli (40.0%). Antibiotics with highest susceptibility patterns included gentamicin, followed equally by amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, and imipenem. No bacteria were susceptible to cefovecin. Six cases presented with vision loss due to retrobulbar disease (15.8%). Idiopathic (50%) disease and tooth root abscessation (23.7%) were most commonly diagnosed cause of orbital disease. Conclusion Retrobulbar cellulitis/abscess is a serious and vision-threatening process, which can be effectively managed by broad-spectrum antibiotics such as gentamicin or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, but not cefovecin. This study identified three organisms that have not been previously reported to be associated with orbital cellulitis (Corynebacterium sp., Bacillus sp. and Micrococcus sp.).
Ultracompact fluorescence smartphone attachment using built-in optics for protoporphyrin-IX quantification in skin

Smartphone-based fluorescence imaging systems have the potential to provide convenient quantitative image guidance at the point of care. However, common approaches have required the addition of complex optical attachments, which reduce translation potential. In this study, a simple clip-on attachment appropriate for fluorescence imaging of protoporphyrin-IX (PpIX) in skin was designed using the built-in light source and ultrawide camera sensor of a smartphone. Software control for image acquisition and quantitative analysis was developed using the 10-bit video capability of the phone. Optical performance was characterized using PpIX in liquid tissue phantoms and endogenously produced PpIX in mice and human skin. The proposed system achieves a very compact form factor ( 0.99). Both murine and human skin imaging verified that in vivo PpIX fluorescence was detected within 1 hour of applying aminolevulinic acid (ALA) gel. This ultracompact handheld system for quantification of PpIX in skin is well-suited for dermatology clinical workflows. Due to its simplicity and form factor, the proposed system can be readily adapted for use with other smartphone devices and fluorescence imaging applications. Hardware design and software for the system is made freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/optmed/CompactFluorescenceCam).
Assessing the role of vanadium technologies in decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors and enabling the energy transition.

Summary The decarbonization of heavy industry and the emergence of renewable energy technologies are inextricably linked to access to mineral resources. As such, there is an urgent need to develop benchmarked assessments of the role of critical elements in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we explore the role of vanadium in decarbonizing construction by serving as a microalloying element and enabling the energy transition as the primary component of flow batteries used for grid-level storage. We estimate that vanadium has enabled an avoided environmental burden totaling 185 million metric tons of CO2 on an annual basis. A granular analysis estimates savings for China and the European Union at 1.15% and 0.18% of their respective emissions, respectively. Our results highlight the role of critical metals in developing low-carbon infrastructure while underscoring the need for holistic assessments to inform policy interventions that mitigate supply chain risks.
Visibility graphs and oriented matroids (extended abstract)

This paper describes a new set of necessary conditions for a given graph to be the visibility graph of a simple polygon. For every graph satisfying these conditions we show that a uniform rank 3 oriented matroid can be constructed in polynomial time, which if affinely co- ordinatizable would yield a simple polygon whose visibility graph is isomorphic to the given graph. This will in turn offer the first characterization of this class of graphs.
Organocatalytic Polymerization of Furfuryl Methacrylate and Post‐Diels–Alder Click Reaction to Cross‐Linked Materials

Biomass-derived furfuryl methacrylate (FMA) has been effectively polymerized at ambient temperature by the P4-phosphazene superbase, tBu-P4, with or without iPrOH as the coinitiator, producing syndio-rich atactic poly(furfuryl methacrylate) (PFMA). The polymerization exhibits high initiation efficiencies up to 370% and is, therefore, a catalytic polymerization system. In the polymerization by tBu-P4 or tBu-P4 +iPrOH, the true initiator is shown to be 2-furfurylmethoxide, [(C4H3O)CH2O]−, generated from the reaction between FMA and tBu-P4 or [tBu-P4H]+[iPrO]− during the induction period. The Diels–Alder (DA) “click” reaction has been utilized to produce two types of cross-linked PFMA materials. The first is PFMA–C60, prepared from the DA reaction between the furfuryl group of PFMA and polydienophile C60, and the second employs a bifunctional bismaleimide (BM) to construct the cross-linked network polymer PFMA–BM. When compared to the pristine PFMA, the cross-linked network polymers PFMA–C60 and PFMA–BM, especially the PFMA–BM materials with a high crosslinking density, exhibit significantly enhanced thermal stability at temperatures above 600 °C and a much higher glass-transition temperature, as shown by the thermal and thermomechanical analyses.
Simultaneous transmission line parameter and PMU measurement calibration

Transmission line parameter modeling and PMU measurement calibration are important research topics in power system engineering. State estimation is widely used to estimate voltage with assumption of “accurate” system parameters. Various methods have also been proposed to estimate line parameters based on PMU measurements. However, neither system parameters nor system measurements are reliable enough to be used to estimate each other separately. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel method that can simultaneously estimate line parameters as well as measurements. This method requires PMUs installed at both terminals of the transmission lines. It also requires only one bus with accurate voltage measurements and accurate current measurements. These accurate measurements can be achieved by pre-calibrated PMU receiving signals from pre-calibrated current transformers and voltage transformers. Accurate line parameters and measurements estimated by this method can be used to improve state estimation, power system monitoring and protection and several other applications.
Corrosion and embrittlement of high-strength bridge wires

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on an extensive study currently underway at Columbia University on the environmental deterioration of high-strength low carbon wires used in suspension bridge cables.. Accelerated corrosion tests were conducted on galvanized and ungalvanized wires, either under sustained load or with no load, using a QFOG cyclic corrosion chamber. After being exposed to such an aggressive environment for a period that varied from a few days to four weeks, the wires were subjected to a tension test and their ultimate strength and strain were measured. Results show a clear reduction of the ultimate strain of the wire as the time of exposure to the corrosive environment increases. A relationship between the ultimate strength and the average corrosion depth was noticed. Different fracture mechanisms were noticed between wires with a slight degree of corrosion and wires with extensive corrosion damage. Progressively brittle behavior was linked to the surface roughness of the wire through nonlinear FEM analyses and through SEM analyses of the fracture surface morphology.
Effect of pH, iron concentration, and pulp density on the solubilization of uranium from ore material in chemical and microbiological acid leach solutions: Regression equation and confidence band analysis

Abstract The solubilization of uranium from a finely ground ore material was investigated in leaching tests each lasting for about 24 h. Ferric iron, added as Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 or produced by prior microbiological oxidation of FeSO 4 , accelerated the rates of uranium leaching, as compared with those obtained with sulfuric acid or acidic ferrous sulfate. Pulp density and initial pH were also test variables. Yields of up to 100% uranium extraction were obtained within 24 h. Quadratic response surfaces were fitted to the experimental leach curves and confidence bands were calculated to assess the significance of the effects of pH, iron concentration, and pulp density on uranium solubilization. The general separation of the confidence bands indicated that each factor had a significant effect.
Fulminant Lymphoma Mimicking Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia

An unusual case of fulminant lymphoma coexisting with and mimicking pentamidine resistant Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is presented. Bronchial brushings were positive. The lack of response to pentamidine should have suggested another process.
Proceedings of the BIOMASS Colloquium in 1982

Specific areas of research resulting from Biological Investigations of Marine Antarctic Systems and Stocks (BIOMASS) obtained during the 1980/1981 summer season in Antarctica are presented in this book. The primary objective of BIOMASS was to enhance the biological understanding of the southern ocean, including the structure and dynamic functioning of the Antarctic marine ecosystem. It is hoped that this information will assist in the development of an ecologically sound strategy for both the exploitation and conservation of the living resources in Antarctica. The scientific results from the first international study of biological oceanography in the southern ocean were discussed at the 1982 colloquium that was held in Tokyo; the 22 papers within this volume are the proceedings from this symposium.
Influences on the quality of work and nonwork life: Two decades in review

This article provides a selective review of the literature on the quality of work and nonwork life in the 20 years since the Journal of Vocational Behavior was founded. Important advances from the fields of sociology, psychology, and organizational behavior are presented. There are two major sections. The first examines theory and research on the determinants of job satisfaction and work commitment, the two most widely studied indicators of the quality of the employee side of the employee-organization linkage. Research findings on the relations between numerous individual and structural influences and work attitudes are discussed. A partial list of these influences includes personality traits, age, education, family roles, gender, role ambiguity, promotion opportunities, social context, and organizational structure. The second section reviews the recent trend toward examining the connections between work and nonwork lives. Emphasis is on three common indicators of the quality of nonwork life: life satisfaction, marital satisfaction, and emotional well-being. Particular attention is given to issues raised by the influx of women into the labor force including role conflict; work scheduling; and the relations among gender, employment, and well-being. Throughout the article promising developments are highlighted, limitations are noted, and suggestions for future research are provided.
Substituted 5-Phenyl-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]silepins and Reactions at the 10,11-Positions

Abstract The title compounds, tricyclic derivatives containing a central seven-membered ring and a silicon heteroatom, have been prepared by reaction of o,o′-dilithiobibenzyl with either R1R2SiCl2 or RSiCl3.
Physicochemical Characterization of a Prodrug of a Radionuclide Decorporation Agent for Oral Delivery

Intravenously administered calcium and zinc complexes of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) are the agents of choice to treat individuals who have been contaminated with radioactive actinides. However, their use in a mass casualty scenario is hampered by the need for trained personnel to receive treatment. Because DTPA is a highly ionized molecule with permeability-limited bioavailability, the penta-ethyl ester prodrug of DTPA is under evaluation as an orally bioavailable radionuclide decorporation agent. In this work, the physicochemical properties of DTPA penta-ethyl ester were characterized to assess its potential for oral delivery. DTPA penta-ethyl ester was determined to be a low-viscosity liquid with Newtonian flow characteristics. Consistent with the measured pK(a) values, which range from 2.93 to 10.87, this prodrug exhibits pH-dependent solubility and lipophilicity properties that are representative of a weak base and favorable for oral absorption. It is miscible in solvents that are nonpolar to moderately polar and is sufficiently stable to avoid premature hydrolysis during gastrointestinal transit. Therapeutic effects were demonstrated in an initial efficacy study wherein oral treatments of the prodrug were given to rats contaminated with ²⁴¹Am, providing preliminary indications of successful oral delivery. The properties of the prodrug indicate that it is conducive to oral delivery and may offer therapeutic benefits over the standard DTPA therapy following radionuclide contamination.
Optimal Conditions for Cardiopulmonary Bypass

There is no single optimal set of conditions for cardio pulmonary bypass. What is optimal is determined by patient factors, surgical need, and the mechanics of perfusion. Additionally, the best way to manage bypass typically varies over its course.
Cloning and identification of the H-2Dp gene.

We have cloned six different class I genes from a B10.P sperm library. After cotransfection with the herpes simplex tk gene, one L-cell line was found to react with six H-2Dp-specific monoclonal antibodies. The cell line L12a did not react with Kp-specific monoclonal antibodies. This identification was confirmed by mapping a 2.5 kb Bam H 1 restriction fragment present in the λ12a DNA clone to the D-TL region of H-2 p. Only a single 8.8 kb Barn H1 fragment can be assigned to K p by restriction fragment length polymorphism, while many others map to the D-TL interval. A restriction map of λ12a is presented.
Unclassified Renal Cell Carcinoma: Impact on Survival Following Nephrectomy

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of the category of unclassified renal cell carcinoma (URCC) on survival following nephrectomy. METHODS Patients with clear cell RCC (ccRCC, n = 3048) and URCC (n = 38) were identified. Patients with URCC were matched 4:1 with ccRCC patients based on year of surgery, symptoms at presentation, tumor size, stage, regional lymph node involvement, metastases, grade, coagulative tumor necrosis, and sarcomatoid differentiation. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between ccRCC and URCC patients using log-rank tests. RESULTS Patients with URCC were more likely to have regional lymph node involvement (P <.001), higher grade (P <.001), tumor necrosis (P <.001), and sarcomatoid differentiation (P <.001) as compared to patients with ccRCC. Overall survival was not significantly different between URCC and ccRCC patients in either the unmatched (P = .337) or matched (P = .345) cohorts. Cancer-specific survival was significantly worse for URCC patients compared with unmatched ccRCC patients (P = .020). However, this difference was not statistically significant when the URCC patients were compared with the matched cohort (P = .688). Distant metastases-free survival was somewhat worse for M0 URCC patients compared with unmatched M0 ccRCC patients (P = .063), but not in the matched cohort (P = .788). CONCLUSIONS Although URCC is more likely to present with advanced clinicopathologic features compared with ccRCC, no statistically significant differences in outcome were noted after adjusting for these features in a matched analysis.
Akt isoforms and glucose homeostasis – the leptin connection

The serine/threonine kinase Akt, also known as protein kinase B, has been the focus of substantial attention, largely because it is frequently activated in human cancers. However, relatively little is known about the roles of Akt, particularly the individual isoforms of Akt, in glucose homeostasis in vivo. This review summarizes data on the role of Akt isoforms in glucose homeostasis and diabetes. Emphasis is given to the observation that certain combinations of whole-body Akt1 and Akt2 deficiencies reduce circulating levels of leptin and that restoration of leptin levels restores normal glucose homeostasis in diabetic Akt-deficient mice. The significance of these findings, together with recent observations suggesting that leptin emulates insulin action, is also discussed.
Intercalibration and concatenation of climate quality infrared cloudy radiances from multiple instruments

A change in climate is not likely captured from any single instrument, since no single instrument can span decades of time. Therefore, to detect signals of global climate change, observations from many instruments on different platforms have to be concatenated. This requires careful and detailed consideration of instrumental differences such as footprint size, diurnal cycle of observations, and relative biases in the spectral brightness temperatures. Furthermore, a common basic assumption is that the data quality is independent of the observed scene and therefore can be determined using clear scene data. However, as will be demonstrated, this is not necessarily a valid assumption as the globe is mostly cloudy. In this study we highlight challenges in inter-calibration and concatenation of infrared radiances from multiple instruments by focusing on the analysis of deep convective or anvil clouds. TRMM/VIRS is potentially useful instrument to make correction for observational differences in the local time and footprint sizes, and thus could be applied retroactively to vintage instruments such as AIRS, IASI, IRIS, AVHRR, and HIRS. As the first step, in this study, we investigate and discuss to what extent AIRS and VIRS agree in capturing deep cloudy radiances at the same local time. The analysis also includes comparisons with one year observations from CrIS. It was found that the instruments show calibration differences of about 1K under deep cloudy scenes that can vary as a function of land type and local time of observation. The sensitivity of footprint size, view angle, and spectral band-pass differenceartmut h. Aumanns cannot fully explain the observed differences. The observed discrepancies can be considered as a measure of the magnitude of issues which will arise in the comparison of legacy data with current data.
In vitro activity of β-lactamase inhibitors against clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species

Acinetobacter is an important cause of nosocomial infections, and it is often resistant to many antibiotics. In a search for alternative agents, three beta-lactamase inhibitors (sulbactam, clavulanate, and tazobactam) and five beta-lactam antibiotics (imipenem, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and piperacillin) were tested against 68 unique clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by a broth microdilution method. Using temperature sensitivity testing, we identified 59 strains as Acinetobacter baumannii, one as Acinetobacter haemolyticus, and eight as indeterminate biotype species. We demonstrated 41 of 59 (70%) strains of A. baumannii to be multiply resistant (susceptible only to amikacin and imipenem), whereas all the nonbaumannii strains were not. Imipenem was the most active agent among the compounds investigated. All three beta-lactamase inhibitors had strong intrinsic activity, with sulbactam being the most active agent among the beta-lactamase inhibitors studied.
Combining data from primary and ancillary surveys to assess the association between neighborhood-level characteristics and health outcomes: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Artherosclerosis

There is increasing interest in understanding the role of neighborhood-level factors on the health of individuals. Many large-scale epidemiological studies that accurately measure health status of individuals and individual risk factors exist. Sometimes these studies are linked to area-level databases (e.g. census) to assess the association between crude area-level characteristics and health. However, information from such databases may not measure the neighborhood-level constructs of interest. More recently, large-scale epidemiological studies have begun collecting data to measure specific features of neighborhoods using ancillary surveys. The ancillary surveys are composed of a separate, typically larger, set of individuals. The challenge is then to combine information from these two surveys to assess the role of neighborhood-level factors. We propose a method for combining information from the two data sources using a likelihood-based framework. We compare it with currently used ad hoc approaches via a simulation study. The simulation study shows that the proposed approach yields estimates with better sampling properties (less bias and better coverage probabilities) compared with the other approaches. However, there are cases where some ad hoc approaches may provide adequate estimates. We also compare the methods by applying them to the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and its Neighborhood Ancillary Survey.
Direct measurement of individual human exposures and body burden: Research needs

Abstract Recent technological advances have made it possible for the first time to measure hundreds of toxic compounds in air, water, food, breath, blood, and urine at the concentrations encountered during normal daily activities. Monitoring studies need to be performed to capitalize on the opportunity to determine human exposure to these compounds, many of which are carcinogenic. Some additional development or evaluation of measurement methods is also required.
Binding of Sulfonylureas to Serum Proteins

Three sulfonylureas, acetohexamide, chlorpropamide, and tolbutamide, were investigated in terms of their affinity for the major human serum proteins. Equilibrium dialysis was used to determine protein binding with radioactive derivatives. In tro-methamine buffers at pH 6.5, 7.4, and 8.4 and serum protein concentrations approximately equal to that in normal human serum, the sulfonylureas were bound, to the greatest extent, to albumin (65-88% with acetohexamide, 57-72% with chlorpropamide, and 80-86% with tolbutamide). No significant binding occurred with the other serum proteins to acetohexamide except fibrinogen I (10%) and α-globulin IV-4(7-16%). There was some binding of acetohexamide to β;-lipoprotein III-o (up to 4.2%). No significant binding of chlorpropamide could be demonstrated to any other serum proteins except β-globulin III (13.5%) and α-globulin IV-4 (4%). Tolbutamide was bound to β-globulin III (15.8%) and α-globulin IV-4 (12.9%). With albumin, n values at pH 6.5, 7.4, and 8.4 were: 1.39, 1.37, and 1.13, respectively, for acetohexamide; 1.93, 1.67, and 1.43, respectively, for chlorpropamide; and 1.78, 1.34, and 1.26, respectively, for tolbutamide. Inhibition of protein (albumin) binding of the sulfonylureas by drugs known to potentiate their action was studied. Substantial inhibition of binding of chlorpropamide was found with molar concentrations of 1-20 times that of the sulfonylurea of sodium salicylate, aspirin, phenylbutazone, sul-fadimethoxine, sulfaphenazole, and sulfisoxazole. In the case of acetohexamide, substantial inhibition of protein binding was found with sulfaphenazole and phenylbutazone, and lesser but significant similar effects were found with sodium salicylate, aspirin, sulfadi-methoxine, and sulfisoxazole. Binding of tolbutamide was inhibited by sulfaphenazole and phenylbutazone most markedly and somewhat less by sodium salicylate, aspirin, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfisoxazole.
Microcomputer applications in traffic engineering

The state-of-the-art programs for microcomputers in traffic engineering are surveyed and reviewed. Several applications of the programs are presented regarding facilities management, traffic analysis and design, data collection and processing, traffic studies, and preprocessors and postprocessors to traffic models. A number of issues related to the use of microcomputers in transportation organizations are also examined.
Esophageal motility disorders in the morbidly obese population

Background Most studies investigating esophageal motility among the morbidly obese have focused on the relationship between lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Very few studies in the literature have examined motility disorders among the morbidly obese population in general outside the context of GERD. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of esophageal motility disorders in obese patients selected for bariatric surgery.
Total intravenous hyperalimentation and hydroxyurea chemotherapy in hepatoma-bearing rats☆

Abstract Thirty-six hepatoma- (Morris #7777) bearing rats were randomized into three groups which received: (i) hydroxyurea (HU) every 6 hr and intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH), (ii) HU every 6 hr and an oral liquid diet ad libitum , and (iii) no chemotherapy and solid food ad libitum . Combining IVH and HU chemotherapy caused: (i) greater and more rapid tumor regression, (ii) shorter survival time, and (iii) a disturbance in fluid balance involving fluid retention. Histopathology revealed that HU at 0.75 mg/g of body weight was cytotoxic and cytostatic to rapidly renewing cell populations and that 2 days of HU treatment (injections every 6 hr) caused disruption of the intestinal epithelium, depletion of cells in splenic nodules, and was cytotoxic and cytostatic to proliferative tumor cells. However, many apparently viable hepatoma cells remained in animals treated with HU for 2 days. Under the experimental conditions used here, the combination of IVH and cancer chemotherapy appeared to have both good and bad aspects. Obviously more research is needed in this important area.
Distributions on Toroidal Groups

In recent years, it has become clear that the notion of distribution is playing a central role in certain aspects of number theory.