cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale assembly of silicon-like [Al(As 1 − x N x )] y Si 5 − 2 y alloys: Fundamental theoretical and experimental studies of structural and optical properties

Ab initio theoretical simulations of Al(As${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$N${}_{x}$)Si${}_{3}$ alloys, a new class of optoelectronic materials, confirm that these compounds are likely to be disordered via a mechanism that preserves the integrity of the constituent III-V-Si${}_{3}$ tetrahedra but randomizes their orientation in the average diamond lattice of the compound. This type of disorder is consistent with experimental structural data and with the proposed growth mechanism for such alloys, according to which ``III:V(SiH${}_{3}$)${}_{3}$'' intermediate complexes are formed in the gas phase from reactions between group-III atomic beams and V(SiH${}_{3}$)${}_{3}$ molecules, delivering the entire III-V-Si${}_{3}$ tetrahedra to the growing film. Experimental optical studies of these Al(As${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$N${}_{x}$)Si${}_{3}$ alloys as well as more general [Al(As${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$N${}_{x}$)]${}_{y}$Si${}_{5\ensuremath{-}2y}$ compounds grown on Si substrates were carried out using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The resulting dielectric functions are found to be similar to broadened versions of their counterparts in pure Si. This broadening may have important practical applications, particularly in photovoltaics, because it dramatically enhances the optical absorption of Si in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. A critical point analysis reveals the existence of direct optical transitions at energies as low as 2.5 eV, well below the lowest direct absorption edge of Si at 3.3 eV. Such transitions are predicted theoretically for perfectly ordered III-V-Si${}_{3}$ compounds, and the experimental results suggest that they are robust against tetrahedra orientational disorder.
Discussions on Long Duration Inducted Voltage Test Standard for 750 kV Transformers

The northwest region has witnessed a rapid deve-lopment in the 750 kV power grid construction since the 750 kV Guanting-Lanzhoudong Transmission Demonstration Project was put into operation five year ago.However,as several faults on the insulation of the 750 kV grid transformer,the most important piece of equipment in the 750 kV grid,have been observed in recent five years,it is necessary to re-evaluate the technical specifications and standards for the transformer as stipulated then.The long-time inducted voltage test standard is one of the key bases,on which the insulation design and evaluation of the 750 kV transformer were conducted.By comparing the technical specifications and testing standards of the 750 kV transformer with those of the 1 000 kV transformer,together with the on-site analysis of the 750 kV transformer breakdown,the paper proposes a proposal for updating the long-time induced voltage test standard for the 750 kV transfor-mer.
Study on program of connecting nuclear power plant to power grids

The system transmission program of connecting Dafan nuclear power plant to power grids in Hubei province is analyzed and discussed.According to actual power grids of Hubei in 2015,four connection schemes are proposed.After connecting nuclear power plant to power grids,short circuit current,tidal current,network loss,the static safety and transient stability are analyzed and simulated aiming at two feasible schemes in PSASP.At the same time,economical efficiency of two connection programs are calculated.Feasibility and validity of the two programs are prove based on obtained results,and program 2 is considered to be the optimal connection system program,which connects two lines for 500 kV grade to Fenghuangshan and Lianggongpu transformer substation respectively.This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China Connects(No.51077103).
Fast algorithms for the discrete Fourier transform

One of our major goals is the development of a collection of techniques for computing the discrete Fourier transform. We shall find many such techniques, each with different advantages and each best-used in different circumstances. There are two basic strategies. One strategy is to change a one-dimensional Fourier transform into a two-dimensional Fourier transform of a form that is easier to compute. The second strategy is to change a one-dimensional Fourier transform into a small convolution, which is then computed by using the techniques described in Chapter 5. Good algorithms for computing the discrete Fourier transform will use either or both of these strategies to minimize the computational load. In Chapter 6, we shall describe how the fast Fourier transform algorithms are used to perform, in conjunction with the convolution theorem, the cyclic convolutions that are used to compute the long linear convolutions forming the output of a digital filter. Throughout the chapter, we shall usually regard the complex field as the field of the computation, or perhaps the real field. However, most of the algorithms we study do not depend on the particular field over which the Fourier transform is defined. In such cases, the algorithms are valid in an arbitrary field. In some cases, the general idea behind an algorithm does not depend on the field over which the Fourier transform is defined, but some small detail of the algorithm may depend on the field.
Transition of Long standing JAK2V617F Positive Post-Polycythemia Vera Myelofibrosis to Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (BCR-ABL1 Positive): An Unusual Event

A 66-year-old male presented in 2008 with elevated hemoglobin (16 g/dL), elevated hematocrit (53%), and massive splenomegaly. His marrow displayed panhyperplasia and moderate reticulin fibrosis. A JAK2V617F mutation was detected and a diagnosis of polycythemia vera (PV) was rendered. Patient was treated with phlebotomies and hydroxyurea. A repeat marrow biopsy in 2010 showed post-PV myelofibrosis. Ruxolitinib was started with …
Learning to Hire? Hiring as a Dynamic Experiential Process in an Online Market for Contract Labor

Can employers learn to hire? This article conceptualizes hiring as a dynamic experiential learning process. Instead of examining hiring as a point in time decision, I investigate whether and how employers’ past hiring experiences affect their future decisions. Drawing on evidence from a global online market for contract labor, I argue that employers revise their beliefs regarding job applicants from a particular social category following a negative hiring experience from that social category. I analyze over 16 Million applications from freelancers worldwide for over 2.2 Million jobs from 557,416 employers. I find that employers who have a negative hiring experience with a freelancer from a particular country are subsequently less likely to hire other freelancers from that country. This effect is stronger on hiring for identical subsequent jobs and weaker for other jobs. Most strikingly, evidence from the actual hiring switches following a negative experience and a simulation using data from the observed distribution of freelancers on the platform demonstrate that employers unnecessarily oversteer away from countries given the narrow distribution of observable ability among freelancers. Switches do not result in hiring from a “better” country.
Regional Challenges to Global Governance

The latest wave of regional organizations may pose a more serious risk of fragmentation in global governance than earlier regional initiatives. Although these new organizations offer additional resources for global ends, the benefits of specialization, and innovation that could improve global governance, they also risk uncoordinated fragmentation, competition that undermines global norms, and a neglect of important global policy aims. Reinforcing global institutions, building consensus on global purposes and a global-regional division of labor, and establishing informal and formal organizational links between regional and global institutions can offset risks and expand the benefits of the new regionalism.
Ultrasound and the Complete Urologist Part 1: Methodology

Computed tomography (CT) scanning is considered as the imaging study of choice for asymptomatic microhematuria according to the American Urological Association guidelines. For those patients with persistence of microhematuria after a negative initial examination, the guidelines suggest repeating the evaluation including CT scanning within 3 to 5 years. However, the cost and risk involved for utilizing this technology going forward is an issue, especially when the yield of finding significant pathology on subsequent imaging studies is exceedingly low. To minimize those concerns, I have proposed incorporating the utilization of ultrasound rather than the guideline-recommended CT for reasons and considerations to be discussed. In addition, I propose extending the use of ultrasound beyond evaluation of asymptomatic microhematuria to the routine urologic physical examination as it is superior to the current standard of palpation and percussion. The original concept of applying sound to a physical examination led to the technique of percussion. Technological advancement has taken the same sound, converted it to a digital image, and allowed us to see what we hear to achieve a greater diagnostic accuracy. The literature on this subject is reviewed and demonstrates support for just such a change in the delivery of urologic healthcare. I conclude by proposing that the quality of urologic care can be enhanced during a routine urologic physical examination through upgrading the technique of palpation and percussion by routinely utilizing ultrasound, creating the Complete Urologist.
The Process of Sperm Cryopreservation, Thawing and Washing Techniques

Sperm cryopreservation utilizes state-of-the-art technology for fertility preservation in men who have diverse conditions that require freezing sperm for future use in ART. Sperm cryopreservation is of significance in order for these men with disease conditions to have a good quality of life. In this chapter we discuss the different indications for cryopreservation of sperm in men with cancer, infertility issues, extreme medical conditions and even posthumous sperm retrieval. The two major groups for sperm freezing, the auto-conservation group and the donor group, are discussed. The various standard of care and experimental techniques as well as protocols for sperm freezing and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique are described in the chapter. The chapter also provides a description of the current challenges and future research directions for sperm cryopreservation.
Novelty Search and the Problem with Objectives

By synthesizing a growing body ofwork in search processes that are not driven by explicit objectives, this paper advances the hypothesis that there is a fundamental problem with the dominant paradigm of objective-based search in evolutionary computation and genetic programming: Most ambitious objectives do not illuminate a path to themselves. That is, the gradient of improvement induced by ambitious objectives tends to lead not to the objective itself but instead to deadend local optima. Indirectly supporting this hypothesis, great discoveries often are not the result of objective-driven search. For example, the major inspiration for both evolutionary computation and genetic programming, natural evolution, innovates through an open-ended process that lacks a final objective. Similarly, large-scale cultural evolutionary processes, such as the evolution of technology, mathematics, and art, lack a unified fixed goal. In addition, direct evidence for this hypothesis is presented from a recently-introduced search algorithm called novelty search. Though ignorant of the ultimate objective of search, in many instances novelty search has counter-intuitively outperformed searching directly for the objective, including a wide variety of randomly-generated problems introduced in an experiment in this chapter. Thus a new understanding is beginning to emerge that suggests that searching for a fixed objective, which is the reigning paradigm in evolutionary computation and even machine learning as a whole, may ultimately limit what can be achieved. Yet the liberating implication of this hypothesis argued in this paper is that by embracing search processes that are not driven by explicit objectives, the breadth and depth of what is reachable through evolutionary methods such as genetic programming may be greatly expanded.
PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF ELECTRON CORRELATION IN THE LOCAL-DENSITY APPROXIMATION

In this paper we explain how electron correlations due to the Pauli exclusion principle and Coulomb’s law are represented within the local-density approximation (LDA) of Hohenberg-Kohn-Sham density-functional theory[1] (DFT). The description[2,3] of how electrons are correlated in the LDA is arrived at via the work formalism[4,5] for the determination of electronic structure due to Harbola and Sahni, and surpasses our current understanding of these correlations which is based on Kohn-Sham theory. In the description of the LDA via Kohn-Sham theory[1] each point of an inhomogeneous electronic density system is approximated as being homogeneous, but with a density corresponding to the local value at that point. In other words, the correlations between electrons as described by this picture are those of the uniform electron gas. Equivalently, the wavefunction for the non-uniform electron gas system at each electron position corresponds to the wavefunction of a uniform electron gas with a density equal to the local value at that position. This description of the LDA leads naturally to the criticism which questions the efficacy of employing homogeneous electron gas wavefunctions in regions of space where the potential is rapidly varying and in the classically forbidden region where the wavefunction is exponential. On the other hand, the results of application[6] of the LDA are remarkably accurate, considerably more so than can be expected on the basis of the above description. Are the LDA results then simply fortuitious? The answer to this question is negative, since as will be explained, the LDA in fact goes beyond uniform electron gas theory and explicitly incorporates the non-uniformity of the electronic density in its representation of electron correlations. The LDA wavefunction thus incorporates to a significant degree the physics apropos to regions where the potential is varying, and this thereby is the reason for the accuracy of the results achieved. Furthermore, the above mentioned criticism, based on an erroneous understanding of electron correlations in the approximation, is consequently invalid.
A Cortically Based Model for Integration in Visual Perception

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a cortically-based model for integration in visual perception. One of the most difficult aspects of the construction of visual scenes to understand is how regions of space having common attributes are linked to form objects. This binding problem arises, for example, in linking the motion, color, shape, and depth of each bird in a flock with that particular bird and not with another bird or a background object. A model based on the theory of neuronal group selection has been constructed that shows how these oscillations might arise and provide binding in environments with multiple objects and complex figure-ground relationships. A variety of other models for cortical oscillators has also been proposed. The basic idea of the Reentrant Cortical Integration (RCI) model is that reentrantly interconnected neural maps are critical for solving the binding problem. Reentry is defined as a dynamic, temporally ongoing, parallel, and recursive process of signaling between two or more mapped regions. The most compelling evidence for the role of cortical interconnections in integrating visual perception comes from visual psychophysics, in particular, from a set of visual illusions known as subjective contours. The use of illusions allows the intrinsic operations of the visual system to be elicited in the absence of direct external stimulation.
A Visual Analytics Approach for Correlation, Classification, and Regression Analysis

New approaches that combine the strengths of humans and machines are necessary to equip analysts with the proper tools for exploring today's increasing complex, multivariate data sets. In this paper, a novel visual data mining framework, called the Multidimensional Data eXplorer (MDX), is described that addresses the challenges of today's data by combining automated statistical analytics with a highly interactive parallel coordinates based canvas. In addition to several intuitive interaction capabilities, this framework offers a rich set of graphical statistical indicators, interactive regression analysis, visual correlation mining, automated axis arrangements and filtering, and data classification techniques. The current work provides a detailed description of the system as well as a discussion of key design aspects and critical feedback from domain experts.
Diagnosis of Cardiac Amyloidosis: Clinical and Echocardiographic Features

This review is geared to address the various forms of amyloidosis which have cardiac involvement and discuss the echocardiographic findings that may be present in patients with cardiac amyloidosis. The use of echocardiography has revolutionized the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. The diagnosis is often first suspected due to characteristic echocardiographic findings. Although no single finding is pathognomonic, there are a constellation of features that point to the diagnosis including increased left and right ventricular wall thickness, thickened cardiac valves and atrial walls, and a pericardial effusion. Alterations in diastolic function with evidence of elevated filling pressures are common. The use of myocardial strain imaging has allowed for earlier detection of cardiac amyloidosis and has revealed a distinctive pattern, sometimes suggesting the diagnosis when more classic findings are subtle or absent. Multiple echocardiographic findings have been found to be prognostic in cardiac amyloid. Using current techniques, functional measures such as myocardial strain and stroke volume index are more powerful predictors of outcome than myocardial thickness. While other imaging modalities are complementary including cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear medicine scintigraphy techniques using bone tracers, echocardiography remains a mainstay in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Echocardiography is a critical tool in the evaluation of the patient with heart failure, as well as those with unexplained chest pain and arrhythmias. Key findings on an echocardiogram can help alert the clinician to the presence of cardiac amyloidosis. The degree of cardiac dysfunction in a patient with systemic amyloidosis correlates with prognosis. Recognition of subtle echocardiographic findings may allow for earlier and more aggressive treatment to improve overall mortality in patients with cardiac amyloidosis.
Sex-Dependent Effects of 2,2′,3,5′,6-Pentachlorobiphenyl on Dendritic Arborization of Primary Mouse Neurons

Early life exposures to environmental contaminants are implicated in the pathogenesis of many neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). These disorders often display sex biases, but whether environmental neurotoxicants act in a sex-dependent manner to modify neurodevelopment is largely unknown. Since altered dendritic morphology is associated with many NDDs, we tested the hypothesis that male and female primary mouse neurons are differentially susceptible to the dendrite-promoting activity of 2,2',3,5',6-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 95). Hippocampal and cortical neuron-glia co-cultures were exposed to vehicle (0.1% dimethylsulfoxide) or PCB 95 (100 fM-1 μM) from day in vitro 7-9. As determined by Sholl analysis, PCB 95-enhanced dendritic growth in female but not male hippocampal and cortical neurons. In contrast, both male and female neurons responded to bicuculline with increased dendritic complexity. Detailed morphometric analyses confirmed that PCB 95 effects on the number and length of primary and nonprimary dendrites varied depending on sex, brain region and PCB concentration, and that female neurons responded more consistently with increased dendritic growth and at lower concentrations of PCB 95 than their male counterparts. Exposure to PCB 95 did not alter cell viability or the ratio of neurons to glia in cultures of either sex. These results demonstrate that cultured female mouse hippocampal and cortical neurons are more sensitive than male neurons to the dendrite-promoting activity of PCB 95, and suggest that mechanisms underlying PCB 95-induced dendritic growth are sex-dependent. These data highlight the importance of sex in neuronal responses to environmental neurotoxicants.
Distributed Bayesian Estimation with Low-rank Data: Application to Solar Array Processing

In this paper, we present a distributed array processing algorithm to analyze the power output of solar photo-voltaic (PV) installations, leveraging the low-rank structure inherent in the data to estimate possible faults. Our multi-agent algorithm requires near-neighbor communications only and is also capable of jointly estimating the common low rank cloud profile and local shading of panels. To illustrate the workings of our algorithm, we perform experiments to detect shading faults in solar PV installations within a single ZIP code. Additionally, we also derive a Bayesian lower bound on the shading parameter’s mean squared estimation error. The results are promising and show that we can successfully estimate the fraction of partial shading in solar installations that can usually go unnoticed.
The Function of Quasi-Public Intellectuals in the Manipulation of Publics

Analyzing the function of quasi-public intellectuals in debates over the Common Core State Standards helps us to understand why some publics in a networked public sphere have greater influence in p...
Transmission of swidden farming ritual knowledge among households in eastern Madagascar

This project evaluates the influence of relationship types (i.e., kinship and friendship) on swidden farming ritual knowledge variation in eastern Madagascar. This is an extension of prior research that found that the only statistically significant explanation of variation in swidden farming ritual knowledge was the community in which an individual lived. In part due to farmers reporting that they learned rituals from their parents with little or no influence from other relationships, this project formally evaluates kinship and other relationships to discover the pattern of within group sharing of cultural knowledge. The results presented suggest that the method of knowledge transmission may be one of the primary causes for the current failure of agricultural development programs in Madagascar.
Validation of a novel hip arthroscopy simulator: establishing construct validity.

Hip arthroscopy (HA) is technically demanding and associated with a prolonged learning curve. Recently, arthroscopic simulators have been developed to anatomically model various joints including the knee, shoulder and hip. The purpose of this study is to validate a novel HA simulator. Twenty trainees and one sports medicine fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeon at a single academic institution were recruited to perform a diagnostic HA procedure using the VirtaMed ArthroS hip simulator. Trainee characteristics, including level of training, general arthroscopy experience and hip specific arthroscopy experience, were gathered via questionnaire. For the purpose of this study, participants were categorized as novice (<25), intermediate (25-74) or experienced (≥75) based on the number of prior arthroscopies performed. Various performance metrics, including composite score, time and camera path length were recorded for each attempt. Metrics were analyzed categorically using ANOVA tests with significance set to P < 0.05. Composite performance score in the novice cohort was 114.5 compared with 146.4 and 151.5 in the intermediate and experienced cohorts (P = 0.0019), respectively. Novice arthroscopists performed the simulated diagnostic arthroscopy procedure in an average time of 321 s compared with 202 s and 181 s in the intermediate and experienced cohorts (P < 0.002), respectively. Cartilage damage and simulator safety score did not differ significantly between groups (P = 0.775). Simulator composite score and procedure time showed strong correlation with year of training (r = 0.65 and -0.70, respectively) and number of arthroscopies performed (r = 0.65 and -0.72). The ArthroS hip simulator shows good construct validity and performance correlates highly with total number of arthroscopic cases reported during training.
Was ist (spezielle) Relativitätstheorie

Wir erlautern Entwicklungen der letzten Jahrhunderte, die entscheidend zur Entstehung der Relativitatstheorie und des modernen Verstandnisses unseres Universums beigetragen haben. Wir stellen das Relativitatsprinzip und Maxwells Theorie des Elektromagnetismus vor. Die Zeit wird als zusatzliche Koordinate zur Beschreibung von Ereignissen eingefuhrt. Wir gehen auf den 1+3-dimensionalen Minkowski-Raum ein, auf Weltlinien, die Eigenzeit und die Kausalitat. Eine Liste der fur die Relativitatstheorie grundlegenden Forschungsergebnissen schliest das Kapitel ab.
Assessment of Ketamine and Its Enantiomers in an Organophosphate-Based Rat Model for Features of Gulf War Illness

Approximately 33% of U.S. soldiers from the first Gulf War suffer from a multi-system disorder known as the Gulf War Illness (GWI). GW veterans suffer from a cluster of symptoms that prominently include fatigue and can include mood-related symptoms. Compared to traditional antidepressants, ketamine (KET) produces a fast-onset and long-lasting antidepressant response, but assessments of KET for GWI-related depression are lacking. The etiology of GWI is multi-factorial and exposure to organophosphates (OP) during deployment is one of the factors underlying GWI development. Here, male Sprague-Dawley rats were repeatedly exposed to an OP DFP and three months later these rats, when assessed on a battery of rodent behavioral assays, displayed signs consistent with aspects of GWI characteristics. When treated with a sub-anesthetic dose of KET (3, 5, or 10 mg/kg, i.p.), DFP-treated rats exhibited a significant improvement in immobility time, open-arm exploration, and sucrose consumption as early as 1 h and much of these effects persisted at 24-h post-KET injection. KET's stereoisomers, R-KET and S-KET, also exhibited such effects in DFP rats, with R-KET being the more potent isomer. Our studies provide a starting point for further assessment of KET for GWI depression.
Conditional Dependence Among Oil, Gold and U.S. Dollar Exchange Rates: A Copula-GARCH Approach

This paper investigates the dependence structure among nominal crude oil (WTI), gold, and specific U.S. dollar against four major currencies (Euro, British Pound, Japanese Yen and Canadian Dollar) on a daily basis over the last decade. In order to capture the tail dependence between commodity market and USD exchange rates, we apply both bivariate zero tail and tail copulas, combined with the AR-GARCH marginal distribution for gold, oil and exchange rates daily returns. The primary findings are as follows. Firstly, based on the concordance and correlation coefficient, we find that there is a positive correlation between gold and crude oil prices, and a negative dependence between gold and currencies as well as oil and currencies. Secondly, the crude oil price can be viewed as a short term indicator in the exchange rates movement; the crude oil price also can be viewed as a short term descend indicator of gold price, while the gold price is an short term rise indicator of oil price. Thirdly, small degree of conditional extreme tail dependence for all considered pairs are observed. Our results provide useful information in portfolio diversification, asset allocation and risk management for investors and researchers.
Multi-Electron Nondispersing Trojan-Like Wavepackets on Multiple Click-Clack Balls Trajectories in Atoms and Quantum Dots

Multi-electron extension of the Trojan-like wave packets on the Langmuir oscilating He model trajectories is discovered with the electrons half-orbitting nucleus and bouncing collectively from each other in analogy to the multiple Click-Clack Balls.
Compensatory Cognitive Strategy Use by Young Adults: A Psychometric Evaluation of Self-Report Measures:

This study examined the reliability and validity of scores from questionnaires assessing compensatory cognitive strategy use by young adults. Participants (N = 783; 79.6% women; 77.4% White; Age: M = 18.7 ± 0.9 years) completed the Compensatory Cognitive Strategies Scale (CCSS), Metamemory Questionnaire-Strategies (MMQ-S), Neuro-Quality of Life (Neuro-QoL) v2.0 Short Form-Cognitive Function, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Reliability estimates were acceptable for the CCSS (α = .85) and MMQ-S (α = .86) in the full sample and comparable in subsamples stratified by gender and self-reported mental health conditions. The CCSS and MMQ-S scores showed evidence for convergent validity (r range: .60 to .70) and discriminant validity in the full sample and subsamples (r with DERS range: .13 to .33). Greater compensatory strategy use had small-to-medium associations with greater subjective cognitive concerns on the Neuro-QOL for the full sample and subsamples (r range: -.19 to -.49). The CCSS and MMQ-S scores showed acceptable properties for use with young adults.
Light scattering measurements of retinal biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease guided by low-cost optical coherence tomography

We present results from depth-resolved light scattering measurements of triple transgenic mouse retinas for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) using a multimodal coherent imaging system. Use of a co-registered angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry (a/LCI) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) system allows unique analysis that is otherwise unavailable using a single modality to provide complementary information on tissue structural changes associated with AD. This abstract summarizes the light scattering parameters drawn using this system at selective retinal layers guided by OCT image segmentation. Future developments of this combined system for human retinal imaging, which involve a low-cost OCT engine, are also discussed.
A Review of Screened-Out Families and Child Protective Services Involvement: A Missed Opportunity to Prevent Future Maltreatment With Community-Based Services.

The objective of this article is to frame, understand, and draw implications from existing research on families screened out by child protective services (CPS) after a referral alleging child maltr...
Detecting Effects of Misinformation Through Emotion and Trace Behavior

To explore the impact of misinformation on social media, this study employed a text analysis process to first identify topics within online rhetoric and emotion toward misinformation on Facebook. Then, emotion and advertising behavioral measures were used to examine the relationship between six discrete emotions and advertising costs. Facebook advertising click-through data were collected between the months of January and November 2020 totaling 44 weeks of data from a sample of 20 national U.S. businesses that advertised on Facebook during the analysis time frame. The regression revealed that fear, identified in the online discourse mentioning misinformation, had a positive and significant relationship with click-through rates. In sum, the results suggest that as fear of misinformation increases, so does the available attention of social media users. Policy implications are discussed.
Reconsidering How Successful Aging is Defined: Perspectives from Community-Dwelling Aging Adults

Successful aging is a prominent framework within gerontology, yet an understanding of how aging adults define “successful aging” is often missing in the social work discourse around what it means to age well. This cross-sectional, exploratory study used an online survey to explore community-dwelling adults’ (aged 55+; n=471) definition of successful aging, the underlying components across all definitions, and any differences in components based on whether or not the adults identified as aging successfully. Summative content analysis yielded five main themes and 13 sub-themes for those who identified as aging successfully and five main themes and 11-sub-themes for those who identified as not aging successfully with elements of health constituting the largest percentage of responses across both groups. Bivariate analyses found participants in the “not aging successfully” group mentioned elements of Being Healthy and Financial Security more than those in the aging successfully group, and elements of Sustain Participation, Curiosity, and Learning less than those in the “aging successfully” group. The findings illustrate the extent to which aging adults view successful aging as the presence of health and ability. Social workers should be mindful to the ways in which adults view successful aging and the elements they believe to contribute to successful aging in order to provide and tailor programs, services, and resources that are supportive of aging adults’ needs and wishes.
Investigation of 2D photonic band gap accelerator cell

We report the design and cold test results for a photonic band gap (PBG) cell, which can be utilized as an accelerator cavity with reduced high order mode (HOM) wakefields. The eigenmodes of the two-dimensional (2D) PBG cavities formed by the defect in triangular array of metal rods were studied numerically. The 2D PBG cavity with reduced HOM content was designed and built. Cold test results proved the suppression of the HOM in PBG cavity.
Understanding the Unique Importance of Self-Awareness in Leader Development

Leadership scholars often operationalize self-awareness as self-other agreement about behavior. However, this approach offers little developmental utility for leaders. We establish a three-dimensional direct measure of self-awareness, validated against actual 360-degree rated behavior and self-other agreement measures. Incremental validity beyond that of other leader effectiveness predictors is also assessed.
Metabolic balance study of plasmapheresis in a case of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.

A metabolic balance study was undertaken to evaluate the results of plasmapheresis in a case of Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia with an associated cryoglobulinemia. Balances of nitrogen, P, Ca, Cl, and Na and K were carried out. Additional observations were made on serum and urinary protein and uric acid. After a control period of 15 days, the subject was bled 500 cc. per day for 15 days. The plasma was separated by centrifugation and erythrocytes reinfused. A total of 500 Gm. of protein in 5,700 cc. of plasma were removed by this technic. A final control period was continued for 10 days. Plasmapheresis was observed to lower the abnormal plasma protein fraction from 7.5 Gm. per cent to 4.5 Gm. per cent whereas the concentrations of the other plasma proteins remained unchanged. By the last day of the final control period, however, the abnormal protein concentration had risen to preplasmapheresis levels. The patient’s pronounced retinal venous dilatation and "sausage" segmentation were less marked at the end of the plasmapheresis period. The negative nitrogen balance during plasmapheresis was rapidly counteracted by diminished urinary nitrogen excretion. At the same time, urinary protein excretion also fell. Na and Cl urinary excretion responded similarly to that of nitrogen. P and K balances were slightly negative during plasmapheresis, probably reflecting tissue breakdown. Ca balance remained in equilibrium and urinary uric acid levels were unchanged. The study demonstrated that the elevated plasma paraprotein levels in a case of Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia may be lowered by plasmapheresis. Preplasmapheresis levels were rapidly reestablished following discontinuance of the procedure.
Chemical synthesis and expression of a synthetic gene for the flavodoxin from Clostridium MP.

Abstract A gene coding for the flavodoxin from Clostridium MP was designed, synthesized, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The sequence of the coding region was derived from the published amino acid sequence of the protein (Tanaka, M., Haniu, M., Yasunobu, K.T., and Mayhew, S. G. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 4393-4397) and was designed for optimal expression and for use of the cassette mutagenesis approach. The structural gene was subassembled in three sections, each of which was constructed by the enzymatic ligation of three complementary pairs of chemically synthesized oligodeoxyribonucleotides having short single-stranded ends complementary to that of the adjacent pair. Coligation of the three sections produced the final structural gene which consists of 420 nucleotides. The synthetic gene was cloned behind the hybrid tac promoter (Amman, E., Brosius, J., and Ptashne, M. (1983) Gene (Amst.) 25, 167-178) in the pKK223-3 vector or adjacent to the strong T7 RNA polymerase promoter in the pET-3a expression vector (Rosenberg, A.H., Lade, B. N., Chui, D-S., Lin, S-W., Dunn, J. J., and Studier, F. W. (1987) Gene (Amst.) 56, 125-135) for expression in E. coli. Upon induction with isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside, the flavodoxin polypeptide was expressed from the artificial gene to levels approaching 20% of total extractable proteins using either expression system. The flavodoxin was purified from cellular extracts as the holoprotein containing bound flavin mononucleotide. The recombinant flavodoxin protein was found to have an ultraviolet/visible spectrum, amino-terminal sequence, and amino acid composition identical to the wild-type flavodoxin protein purified from Clostridium MP. This work represents the first chemical synthesis and expression in E. coli of an artificial gene coding for a bacterial flavodoxin.
Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Eco-Certified Wood Products

We use Kristrom's simple spike model to assess the factors influencing consumers' willingness to pay a premium for a variety of certified wood products. A survey of over 1,600 Pennsylvania and Tennessee residents found that approximately 35% were willing to pay some positive “premium” for environmentally certified wood products. For three types of wood products (a 45.07, respectively.
Endometrial. carcinoma associated with feminizing ovarian tumors.

Abstract Fifty cases of combined feminizing mesenchymomas of the ovary and carcinoma of the uterus were collected from the literature. The histories of 26 of these patients were critically examined. In a study of 66 feminizing mesenchymomas of the ovary in this laboratory, 4 cases of combined feminizing mesenchymomas and endometrial carcinoma were found. These 4 cases comprised 12 per cent of the postmenopausal group with feminizing tumors. The report of these cases brings the total number of recorded cases of combined tumors to 54. One case of combined granulosa-cell tumor and adenocarcinoma of the breast is also reported. Feminizing tumors of the ovary in combination with uterine carcinoma occur more frequently than is commonly realized. Various investigators have found that 15 to 27 per cent of postmenopausal women with feminizing tumors develop endometrial carcinoma. In the 54 cases of combined tumors, the thecoma occurred more often in combination with uterine carcinoma than did the granulosa-cell tumor, in spite of the much greater general incidence of the granulosal tumor. This suggests that the thecoma, by means of greater estrogen production, has the greater carcinogenic effect. It supports the concept that the thecal and not the granulosal cells are the sole or chief source of estrogen. The greatest carcinogenic response to tumor-produced estrogens occurs in the endometrium. Cervical and mammary carcinomas are seen only occasionally in combination with estrogen-producing tumors. The degree of carcinogenic response of these tissues to estrogens in postmenopausal life seems to parallel the degree of physiological response during menstrual life. A study of 26 case histories, still too few to be conclusive, indicates that, although feminizing tumors cause a greatly increased incidence of endometrial carcinoma, they do not seem to incite the appearance of this lesion at an age earlier than is noted in patients with endometrial carcinoma alone. Prolonged estrogen stimulation, rather than temporary intense estrogen stimulation, appears to be necessary for carcinogenesis. Several observations in these 26 cases support the concept that endometrial hyperplasia, in some predisposed postmenopausal women, occasionally is capable of transformation into carcinoma. Evidence is presented that, in the majority of cases of endometrial carcinoma, hyperestrogenism of varying degree is present. This hyperestrogenism seems to be the one added factor that sets off carcinogenesis in a postmenopausal woman already genetically predisposed to cancer. The cases of combined tumors are thought to represent the most extreme examples of this process. Therefore they offer an excellent opportunity for the study of the etiological role of estrogens in carcinoma of the endometrium. Clinical awareness, early preoperative diagnosis, and thorough endocrinological investigation of the combined tumors should throw additional light on this problem in coming years.
Growth, puberty, and carcass characteristics of Brahman-, Senepol-, and Tuli-sired F1 Angus bulls.

Postweaning growth, sexual development, libido, and carcass data were collected from two consecutive calf crops using 31 Brahman x Angus (B x A), 41 Senepol x Angus (S x A), and 38 Tuli x Angus (T x A) F1 bulls. Following weaning (by mid-September) and preconditioning, at the start of the study (late September) bulls were fed concentrate (three times each week at a rate equivalent to 4.5 kg/d) on bahiagrass pasture for approximately 250 d. At the start of the study and at 28-d intervals, BW, hip height, and scrotal circumference (SC) were measured. Concurrently at 28-d intervals, when the SC of a bull was > or = 23 cm, semen collection was attempted using electroejaculation. Ejaculates were evaluated for presence of first spermatozoa (FS), 50 x 10(6) sperm with at least 10% motility (PU), and 500 x 10(6) sperm with at least 50% motility (PP). After all bulls reached PP they were subjected to two libido tests. Carcass data were collected on all bulls (n = 110) and Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) force values were assessed on a subset (n = 80). For both years, B x A bulls were heavier (P 0.10) gain in BW or hip height during the study. Scrotal circumference of T x A bulls was larger (P 0.10) of breed type by the end of the study. At PU and PP, B x A bulls were older (P 0.10) USDA quality grade. In conclusion, tropically adapted F1 bulls produced from Senepol (Bos taurus) and Tuli (Sanga) sires bred to Angus cows in Florida had lighter BW, shorter hip heights, and smaller carcasses than those from Brahman sires but reached puberty earlier and had higher libido scores and lower WBS force values.
Abundance and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Trichodesmium spp. Along the Atlantic Barrier Reef at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize

. Trichodesmium abundance and photosynthetic rates were determined across a transect of the Atlantic Barrier Reef at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize in May 1993 and May-June 1994. A fore reef station receiving oceanic water had a Trichodesmium abundance characteristic of the open Caribbean Sea (≤ 102 colonies m-3 and 104--105 trichomes m-3). Several species were present; however, in all cases a sharp decrease in abundance occurred across the reef to the coastal lagoon. At this latter site, virtually no Trichodesmium was present, although a substantial bloom of the diatom Proboscia alata occurred in 1994. Maximum photosynthetic rates and the initial light-limited slope a were significantly lower in offshore stations than in reef top populations. The increased photosynthetic rates and light-harvesting ability in reef-top populations, as well as the lack of significant photoinhibition, indicated that the Trichodesmium abundance decrease was probably not due to a decline in photosynthetic capacity. Grazing and physical removal rather than a physiological decline were likely mechanisms operating to reduce Trichodesmium abundance in these regions. These data suggest that the Belizean barrier reef is a sink for Trichodesmium transported in from offshore regions.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia: to whom, when, and how

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is an established treatment modality with curative potential for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). There has been a significant rise in the number of HSCT procedures performed over the past decade due in part to improved supportive care and innovative techniques such as reduced-intensity conditioning. Expanding alternative donor options such as umbilical cord blood and haploidentical HSCT, taken together with improved outcomes of matched unrelated donors, has resulted in a suitable donor for most patients with an HSCT indication. Recent advances in molecular diagnostics that incorporate genetic mutational analysis into existing cytogenetic-based models should improve selection of patients at high risk of relapse most likely to benefit from HSCT. Improvements in minimal residual disease monitoring hold promise for adding prognostic information, and informing the clinician of impending relapse. The choice of the conditioning regimen involves weighing a patient's unique toxicity and relapse risks. Despite improvements, relapse remains the primary source of treatment failure after HSCT for treatment of AML. The introduction of novel therapies into the clinic, together with improved patient selection, offers hope for decreasing relapse and improving outcomes for AML patients.
SU-E-J-227: Breathing Pattern Consistency and Reproducibility: Comparative Analysis for Supine and Prone Body Positioning

Purpose: Evaluate and compare the cycle-to-cycle consistency of breathing patterns and their reproducibility over the course of treatment, for supine and prone positioning. Methods: Respiratory traces from 25 patients were recorded for sequential supine/prone 4DCT scans acquired prior to treatment, and during the course of the treatment (weekly or bi-weekly). For each breathing cycle, the average(AVE), end-of-exhale(EoE) and end-of-inhale( EoI) locations were identified using in-house developed software. In addition, the mean values and variations for the above quantities were computed for each breathing trace. F-tests were used to compare the cycle-to-cycle consistency of all pairs of sequential supine and prone scans. Analysis of variances was also performed using population means for AVE, EoE and EoI to quantify differences between the reproducibility of prone and supine respiration traces over the treatment course. Results: Consistency: Cycle-to-cycle variations are less in prone than supine in the pre-treatment and during-treatment scans for AVE, EoE and EoI points, for the majority of patients (differences significant at p<0.05). The few cases where the respiratory pattern had more variability in prone appeared to be random events. Reproducibility: The reproducibility of breathing patterns (supine and prone) improved as treatment progressed, perhaps due to patients becoming more comfortable with the procedure. However, variability in supine position continued to remain significantly larger than in prone (p<0.05), as indicated by the variance analysis of population means for the pretreatment and subsequent during-treatment scans. Conclusions: Prone positioning stabilizes breathing patterns in most subjects investigated in this study. Importantly, a parallel analysis of the same group of patients revealed a tendency towards increasing motion amplitude of tumor targets in prone position regardless of their size or location; thus, the choice for body positioning during radiation therapy will have to consider the clinical relevance of the two opposing trends - breathing consistency and motion amplitude.