cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concurrent image query using local random walk with restart on large scale graphs

Efficient image query is a fundamental challenge in many large scale multimedia applications, especially when handling many queries concurrently. In this paper, we proposed a novel approach called graph local random walk for high performance concurrent image query. Specifically, we organize the massive images set into a large scale graph using graph database, according to the similarity between images. A heuristic method is utilized to map each query image to some vertex in the graph, followed by a local search to refine the query results using an alternative of local random walk on graph. The local random walk process is essentially a weighted partial traversal in the local subgraphs for finding a better match of the query images. We organize the graph of the image set in a parallelization amenable approach, so that a set of partial graph traversal for local random walk can be performed concurrently, taking the advantage of the multithreading capability of processors. We implemented the proposed method in state-of-the-art multicore platforms. The experimental result shows that the graph local random walk based approach outperforms baseline methods in terms of both throughput and scalability.
Turning a Profit or Just Passing the Time? A Gender Comparison of Prisoner Jobs and Workplace Deviance in the Sub-Rosa Economy

ABSTRACT This paper explores the nature and prevalence of women and men prisoners who reported whether they used their assigned job while incarcerated to pilfer or steal items for profit, as opposed to low-level pilfering for personal consumption. Previous literature has been anecdotal in nature and focused solely within men's prisons. Findings indicated that prisoners did not significantly differ by gender in their prevalence of deviance on the job, but men and women prisoners used their jobs in different ways to profit in the sub-rosa economy.
Mitral Regurgitation After Anteroapical Myocardial Infarction New Mechanistic Insights

Background—Mitral regurgitation (MR) generally accompanies inferobasal myocardial infarction (MI), with leaflet tethering by displaced papillary muscles. Mitral regurgitation is also reported with anteroapical MI without global dilatation or inferior wall motion abnormalities. We hypothesized that anteroapical MI extending to the inferior apex displaces the papillary muscles, tethering the mitral leaflets to cause MR. Methods and Results—In the retrospective part of the study, consecutive anteroapical MI patients were studied. Moderate-severe MR occurred in 9% of 234 patients with only anteroapical MI versus 17% of 242 with inferoapical extension (P<0.001). Ejection fraction was only mildly different (41±4% versus 46±5%; P<0.01). In the human mechanistic portion of the study, 60 anteroapical MI patients (20 with only 2 apical segments involved and 40 with involvement of all 4 apical segments; 20 with MR and 20 without MR) were compared with 20 normal controls. Those with MR (≥moderate) had higher systolic...
SANCTUS Marriage Enrichment

SANCTUS is a faith-based marriage enrichment program in conference setting, with post-weekend gatherings, daily couple meditations, and exercises for individuals. Theological, educational, and psychological insights from SANCTUS originator Wilfred G. Sager, Ed.D., are presented to couples who journal and share their responses with spouses. Data gathered from SANCTUS participants in pre- and post-weekend surveys showed an average 40% improvement in relationships with God, self, and spouse.
Immobilized flounder muscle glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Partially purified flounder muscle (Pseudopleuronectus americanus) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was immobilized on cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose. The catalytic properties of the immobilized preparation were studied to determine if immobilization alters the kinetic properties of the native holoenzyme. The results indicate that the pH activity profile of immobilized glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase did not differ from that of the native enzyme. The Michaelis constants (Km) for NAD and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate were somewhat altered. The enzyme stability toward various inactivation treatments in the presence and absence of NAD was characterized and compared to that of he native enzyme. When either form of the enzyme was incubated with urea at concentrations greater than 2m, inactivation occurred very rapidly. Incubation in 0.1% trypsin for 60 minutes decreased the activity of immobilized glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase by 45% and of the native soluble enzyme by 70%. The immobilized enzyme also exhibited considerably more stability than the native soluble enzyme when exposed to a temperature of 50° or to 20 mm ATP. In all cases NAD either greatly reduced the rate of inactivation or completely protected the enzyme from inactivation.
EMPIRICAL ESTIMATES OF SEAT BELT EFFECTIVENESS IN TWO-CAR COLLISIONS

The objective of this research is to quantify occupant protection afforded by restraint systems in two-car head-on collisions. An accepted measure of occupant protection is "Restraint System Effectiveness" (RSE). This quantity is defined as the percent reduction in the probability of an occupant injury due to the use of a restraint system. RSE estimates are calculated in the present paper using a previously developed mathematical model of occupant injuries in two-car collisions and obtaining parameter estimates from two data sets. The two sets of data used for estimating RSE are: New York police accident data and data collected by various multidisciplinary accident investigation teams. Both these data sets have been reported in the literature. The RSE estimates obtained from the two data sets range from 29 to 40%. These estimates are shown to increase as the mass of the occupant's vehicle increases, but decrease as the mass of the other colliding vehicle increases. On the average, the use of a restraint system can offset the decrease in occupant protection that would result from a 40% reduction in car weight. Consequently, the use of restraint systems to reduce occupant risk is estimated to be even more important as the number of small vehicles in the U.S. vehicle fleet increases.
Compton and Raman free electron laser stability properties for a warm electron beam propagating through a helical magnetic wiggler

This paper gives an extensive analytical and numerical characterization of the growth-rate curves (imaginary frequency versus wavenumber) derived from the free electron laser dispersion relation for a warm relativistic electron beam propagating through a constant-amplitude helical magnetic wiggler field. The electron beam is treated as infinite in transverse extent. A detailed mathematical analysis is given of the exact dispersion relation and its Compton approximation for the case of a water-bag equilibrium distribution function (uniform distribution in axial momentum pz). Applicability of the water-bag results to the case of a Gaussian equilibrium distribution in pz is tested numerically. One result of the water-bag analysis is a set of validity conditions for the Compton approximation. Numerical and analytical results indicate that these conditions are applicable to the Gaussian case far outside the parameter range where the individual water-bag and corresponding Gaussian growth rate curves agree.
Mechanisms of Nitrite Reduction to Nitric Oxide in the Heart and Vessel Wall

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important regulator of a variety of biological functions, and also has a role in the pathogenesis of cellular injury. It had been generally accepted that NO is solely generated in biological tissues by specific nitric oxide synthases (NOS) which metabolize arginine to citrulline with the formation of NO. However, over the last 15 years, nitrite-mediated NO production has been shown to be an important mechanism of NO formation in the heart and cardiovascular system. Now numerous studies have demonstrated that nitrite can be an important source rather than simply a product of NO in mammalian cells and tissues and can be a potential vasodilator drug for cardiovascular diseases. There are a variety of mechanisms of nitrite reduction to NO and it is now appreciated that this process, while enhanced under hypoxic conditions, also occurs under normoxia. Several methods, including electron paramagnetic resonance, chemiluminescence NO analyzer, and NO electrode have been utilized to measure, quantitate, and image nitrite-mediated NO formation. Results reveal that nitrite-dependent NO generation plays critical physiological and pathological roles, and is controlled by oxygen tension, pH, reducing substrates and nitrite levels. In this manuscript, we review the mechanisms of nitrite-mediated NO formation and the effects of oxygen on this process with a focus on how this occurs in the heart and vessels.
Curriculum Leadership in a Conservative Era

Purpose: The purpose is to examine how recent conservative cultural political shifts have affected the meanings of curriculum leadership in schools. The author examines four principals in the wake of the No Child Left Behind Act and other related policies and trends. Design: This is a critical ethnographic study of principals’ curriculum leadership in four northeastern U.S. elementary schools. All four principals were highly aware of the politics surrounding curriculum decision making, pedagogy, and assessments. The researcher conducted monthly observations and interviews with the four principals, teachers, parents, and students from the fall of 2003 to the spring of 2006. Furthermore, interviews were conducted with the superintendent and community members who were involved in curriculum issues. Findings: Drawing on a theoretical framework at the intersection of educational leadership, curriculum theory, and cultural politics, the data revealed two categories of curriculum leadership in a conservative era...
Quantum Couplings and Magnetic Properties of CoCrxFe2-xO4 (0 < x < 1) Spinel Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized with Reverse Micelle Method

Spinel ferrite CoCrxFe2-xO4 nanoparticles over a compositional range 0 < x < 1 were synthesized using a reverse micelle microemulsion method. This method provided excellent control over the composition and gave a reasonable size distribution. Upon increased Cr substitution, the blocking temperature, saturation magnetization, remnant magnetization, and coercivity were all found to decrease. The compositional influence upon the magnetic properties is consistent with the effects on the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy by weakened coupling between electron spin and the angular momentum of electron orbital (L−S coupling). The results from size dependent magnetic studies on the nanoparticles with a composition of CoCr0.5Fe1.5O4 were found to agree well with the Stoner−Wohlfarth model.
Nowhere to run no place to 'hide

Until recently the internally displaced were the exclusive responsibility of their own governments. They could be deported, starved to death, or exterminated while the international community stood by.
Microbial adaptation to hydrogen peroxide and biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons

This research investigated microbial responses to bioremediation with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a supplemental oxygen source. Columns containing aquifer material from Traverse City, MI, USA, were continuously supplied with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene and m-xylene (BTEX) and H2O2 in increasing concentration. The microbial responses studied were changes in microbial numbers, community structure, degradative ability, and activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Both adaptation to H2O2 and stress-related consequences were observed. Adaptation to H2O2 was demonstrated by increased catalase and SOD activity during the course of the experiment. The microbial community in the untreated aquifer material used in the columns consisted primarily of Corynebacterium sp and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Following amendment with 500 mg L-1 H2O2, the column inlet was dominated by P. fluorescens with few Corynebacterium sp present; Xanthomonas maltophilia dominated the middle and outlet sections. Dimethyl phenols detected in the effluent of two of the biologically active columns were probably metabolic products. The ratio of oxygen to BTEX mass consumed was approximately 0.3 before H2O2 addition, 0.7 following 10 mg L-1 H2O2 supplementation, and 2.6 over the course of the experiment. Abiotic decomposition H2O2 was observed in a sterile column and impeded flow at a feed concentration of 500 mg L-1 H2O2. Increasing the BTEX concentration supplied to the biologically active columns eliminated flow disruptions by satisfying the carbon and energy demand of the oxygen evolved by increasing catalase activity.
A Framework for Image-Based Classification of Mitotic Cells in Asynchronous Populations

Abstract High content screening (HCS) has emerged an important tool for drug discovery because it combines rich readouts of cellular responses in a single experiment. Inclusion of cell cycle analysis into HCS is essential to identify clinically suitable anticancer drugs that disrupt the aberrant mitotic activity of cells. One challenge for integration of cell cycle analysis into HCS is that cells must be chemically synchronized to specific phases, adding experimental complexity to high content screens. To address this issue, we have developed a rules-based method that utilizes mitotic phosphoprotein monoclonal 2 (MPM-2) marker and works consistently in different experimental conditions and in asynchronous populations. Further, the performance of the rules-based method is comparable to established machine learning approaches for classifying cell cycle data, indicating the robustness of the features we use in the framework. As such, we suggest the use of MPM-2 analysis and its associated expressive features...
Work in Progress: Developing a Curriculum that Teaches Engineering Leadership & Management Principles to High Performing Students

Report findings in Engineering Education developed by the National Academy of Engineering entitled "Educating the Engineer of 2020: Adapting Engineering Education to the New Century", identify the importance of integrating leadership and management studies within engineering curriculums to educate future engineering graduates. Currently, most engineering education curriculums do not include courses that adequately prepare students for leadership and management positions. Therefore, the education gap identified between engineering curriculums and industry management and leadership skills suggests the need for curriculum reform. In response to this need, faculty within the Department of Industrial Engineering & Management Systems at the University of Central Florida have developed a curriculum that supports the offering of a Minor in Engineering Leadership & Management for top performing undergraduate students majoring in various disciplines of engineering or computer science.
Easy-plane antiferromagnetic kinks

Abstract We present an ansatz for kink excitations in an easy-plane classical antiferromagnetic chain with a magnetic field in the easy plane. The ansatz includes the in-plane ( XY ) and out-of-plane ( YZ ) kinks as belonging to one continuously connected energy dispersion curve. Results of the Ansatz calculation are compared with a numerical simulation and with a linear stability analysis for YZ kinks.
Helical metallopolymers from the coordination of new bis(pyridyl)terephthalate ligands with silver(I)

Abstract Two new bis(pyridyl)terephthalate ligands were synthesized in good yields from the reaction of either 2-pyridylcarbinol or 2-pyridinepropanol with terephthaloyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. Mixing these ligands with silver(I) salts resulted in the formation of crystalline helical polymeric complexes. In the complexation involving silver triflate, two separate structures were obtained, one of which contained water in the asymmetric unit.
Reproductive Response of Penaeus stylirostris to Temperature Manipulation

The effect of temperature manipulation on the reproduction of Penaeus stylirostris was investigated as a possible method for increasing larval production. Six 3.66 m diameter black tanks were stocked with unilaterally eyestalk enucleated females and intact males. Temperature was designed to vary between 20 and 28 C at a rate of 2 C per day in the “Fast” treatment and 2 C per week in the “Slow” treatment; upper and lower temperatures were maintained for 10 days before another cycle was initiated. In the “Ambient” treatment, temperature averaged 27.8 ± 0.9 C. During the 105 day study maturation, mating and larval production were highest in the Ambient tanks. Temperature manipulation as tested in the Fast and Slow treatments did not produce any burst of mating and spawning activity at the upper ends of the cycles to compensate for the steady production in the Ambient group. Thus, the temperature regimes examined did not afford any practical advantage. The effect of temperature on mating was marked. In the Slow treatment which most closely mimicked natural seasonal temperature change, mating began initially when the temperature increased to 25 C. Throughout the study mating occurred more frequently at the higher temperatures, and these results suggest that the optimal temperature range was 27–29 C for reproduction. However, the shrimp did mate at all temperatures encountered. It is notable that this tropical species can successfully reproduce at temperatures as Iow as 20 C.
Heat Transfer and Skin Friction for Turbulent Boundary-Layer Flow Longitudinal to a Circular Cylinder

An analysis was carried out for the turbulent velocity and thermal boundary layers that develop along a cylinder whose axis is parallel to the free- stream flow. Local and average friction factors are calculated as functions of the length Reynolds number Rex for various cylinder sizes (characterized by the radius Reynolds number Rero). For corresponding flow conditions, the friction factor for a cylinder always exceeds that for the flat plate. Local heattransfer coefficients corresponding to the case of uniform wall heat flux were obtained for Prandtl numbers of 0.7 and 6. As with the friction factors, the cylinder heat-transfer coefficients exceed those for the flat plate. This effect of the cylindrical geometry on heat transfer diminishes with increasing Prandtl number.
The R&D Incentives of Industry Leaders

This paper presents a model to explain why industry leader firms often devote substantial resources to R&D activities and explores the welfare implications of this investment. The key new assumption is that industry leaders can improve their own products more easily than can other firms. When industry leaders have R&D cost advantages, it is optimal for the government to subsidize the R&D expenditures of all firms, subsidize the production expenditures of industry leaders, and tax the profits of new industry leaders. Without government intervention, market forces generate too much creative destruction.
Tradeoffs in the regulation of the equatorial lakes

A stochastic control method is employed to investigate several issues related to operation of the Equatorial Lake system. These lakes are essential to the livelihood of several riparian and downstream countries, and their regulation should be governed by international agreements. In an attempt to lay the basis for negotiation, this study quantifies various tradeoffs between the system objectives.
Laser-Driven Photochemical Induction of Spinal Cord Injury in the Rat: Methodology, Histopathology, and Applications

Abstract Experimental modeling of spinal cord injury is based mostly on mechanical effects, such as the impact of a weight dropped on the exposed spinal cord. The development of the resultant lesion is influenced by many interactive factors, e.g., the efficiencies of momentum and energy transfer to the cord and their profiles in time, and consequently the histopathologic reproducibility of the lesion is often inconsistent. We describe here a recoilless method that avoids these complications (as well as laminectomy) inherently. The vascular endothelium is injured photochemically, yielding chiefly small-vessel thrombosis and associated vasogenic edema sufficient to generate spinal cord necrosis to predetermined, reproducible degrees. This model is thus intended to simulate the secondary response of the vasculature to mechanical injury In the absence of hemorrhage. The most efficient version of this technique utilizes argon-dye laser excitation of the photosensitizing dye rose bengal at its 562-nm absorption maximum in tissue. With the laser beam focused in the shape of a thin (0.3-mm) line transverse to the spinal column at T8, a narrow zone of necrosis is initially produced. Within 1 week this initial zone expands in volume (length, 6-7 mm) to create a space that, when cleared of cellular debris, is suitable for cell Implantation. In cross section, striking features are the sharp horizontal demarcation between necrosed and viable tissue and the uniform progression of lesion depth as a function of Irradiation time. The necrotic region is bordered dorsally and laterally by a thin rim of viable tissue except at the beam focus; starting at 5 days there is evidence of demyelination in this peripheral region. By 14 days, myelination by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells begins near this rim; large numbers of Schwann cells enter the dorsal cord at the epicenter, and myelinated axons occupy previously degenerated areas. By 2 months, the initial necrotic area begins to diminish, flattening laterally into clefts. Large, empty cavities develop secondarily with luminal surfaces that are smoothly contoured, as seen by electron microscopy, in contrast to the relatively irregular border of the initial necrotic lesion. Many of these morphological attributes mirror those observed after contusion injury. We anticipate that the uniformity and reproducibility of the photochemical lesion will prove useful in conducting statistically efficient tests of strategies, such as the administration of drugs, trophic factors, or transplanted cells, which are proposed to improve outcome after spinal cord injury.
A note on the effects of co-mingling piglet litters on pre-weaning growth, injuries and responses to behavioural tests

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine how co-mingling litters affected piglets’ pre-weaning growth, ear injuries, suckling behaviour and responses to behavioural tests used to measure coping abilities. Thirty sows and their respective litters were housed in standard farrowing crates until day 13 after birth. On day13, the partition between two neighbouring pens was removed for 20 litters allowing piglets to interact (forming 10 co-mingled litters). The remaining 10 control litters were kept in standard farrowing crates throughout the experiment. Three focal piglets from each litter were used for data collection. Focal piglets were weighed and ear injuries recorded on days 2, 4, 9, 12, 15 and 18 after birth. There were no differences in piglets’ weight gain before or after co-mingling. Ear injuries were more abundant in co-mingled litters on day 15 ( P P P P P P
The use of Trichuris suis and other helminth therapies to treat Crohn’s disease

Infections with gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes are prevalent worldwide, despite the fact that anti-helminthic medications are regarded as safe, efficient, and widely available globally. In this review, we highlight the potential therapeutic benefits that may be realized through the clinical use of Trichuris suis and other helminths for Crohn's disease (CD). Long-lived helminthic parasites are remarkable in their ability to down-regulate host immunity, protecting themselves from elimination, and also minimize severe pathological host changes. This review summarizes what is known about the underlying mechanisms that may account for the observed patterns in humans treated with helminths for CD. The Th2 arm of the immune system is emphasized as a component of primary importance in the association between the host immune system and GI nematode infections. Although GI nematode infections in humans cause significant morbidity and mortality, the existence and nature of protective mechanisms these helminths may confer remain largely unclear.
Hsp90-Induced Evolution: Adaptationist, Neutralist, and Developmentalist Scenarios

Recent work on the heat-shock protein Hsp90 by Rutherford and Lindquist (1998) has been included among the pieces of evidence taken to show the essential role of developmental processes in evolution; Hsp90 acts as a buffer against phenotypic variation, allowing genotypic variation to build. When the buffering capacity of Hsp90 is altered (e.g., in nature, by mutation or environmental stress), the genetic variation is "revealed," manifesting itself as phenotypic variation. This phenomenon raises questions about the genetic variation before and after what I will call a "revelation event": Is it neutral, nearly neutral, or non-neutral (i.e., strongly deleterious or strongly advantageous)? Moreover, what kinds of evolutionary processes do we take to be at work? Rutherford and Lindquist (1998) focus on the implications of non-neutral variation and selection. Later work by Queitsch, Sangster, and Lindquist (2002) and Sangster, Lindquist, and Queitsch (2004) raises the possibility that Hsp90 buffering may play the role that was played by drift in Sewall Wright's shifting balance model, permitting transition from one adaptive peak to another. However, Ohta (2002) suggests that much of this variation may be nearly neutral, which in turn, would imply a strong role for drift as well as selection. The primary goal of this paper is to illuminate the alternative scenarios and the processes operating in each. At the end, I raise the possibility of a synthesis between evo-devo and nearly neutral evolution.
The mechanisms of carbaryl resistance in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)

Abstract The physiological mechanisms of resistance to carbaryl were investigated in a carbaryl-resistant strain of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Piperonyl butoxide greatly reduced the resistance level from 90- to 6-fold, indicating that microsomal cytochrome P -450-dependent monooxygenases may play a major role in resistance. This finding is consistent with metabolic data in which the oxidative metabolism of carbaryl by midgut homogenates was five times more active in the resistant strain than in the susceptible strain. In addition, the resistant strain showed increased activities of microsomal hydroxylation and epoxidation compared to the susceptible strain. Cuticular penetration studies using [ 14 C]carbaryl revealed that 55% of the applied radioactivity remained on the cuticle of resistant larvae while 32% remained on susceptible larvae 24 hr after topical treatment. The resistance appeared to be unrelated to target site insensitivity. It is concluded that the high level of resistance to carbaryl in this insect was mainly due to enhanced oxidative metabolism of the insecticide (via hydroxylation and epoxidation) with reduced cuticular penetration playing a very minor role, if any.
The probability of an ordering of independent uniform random variables

(1988). The probability of an ordering of independent uniform random variables. Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 685-687.
Additional complexity in the lunar crust: Petrology of sodic anorthosites and sulfur-rich, ferroan noritic anorthosites

Lunar breccia 67016 contains two suites of unusual highlands rocks: sulfur-rich, noritic anorthosites, and sodic anorthosites. Mineral compositions of the sulfur-rich noritic anorthosites closely match those of ferroan anorthosites. Unusually large amounts of sulfides, and sulfidation reactions involving olivine in these clasts probably reflect endogenous volatile transfer. The sodic anorthosites are mafic-poor, with mineral compositions intermediate between those of pristine ferroan and alkali anorthosites. Rare examples of pristine rocks with similar mineral compositions are known, and may represent a distinct class of lunar crustal rocks.
Mushroom-type structures with the wires connected through diodes: electronically tunable properties

Here, we study the reflection and transmission characteristics of mushroom-type structures with the diodes inserted at the center along the direction of the wires. The analysis is carried out using the nonlocal homogenization model for the mushroom structure with the generalized additional boundary conditions at the connection of the wires through the diodes. It is observed that the reflection/transmission characteristics of the mushroom-type structures can be controlled electronically by changing the applied DC voltage of the biasing network and also the material response can be tuned from local Epsilon-Negative (ENG) to nonlocal and vice versa.
Temperature distribution, deformations, and x‐ray diffraction in the inclined high heat load monochromator: Analytical solutions

Analytical solutions for the temperature distribution and displacement field gradients in the high heat load monochromator are presented. The footprint of the incident x‐ray beam on the crystal surface is approximated by an infinitely long narrow strip, which is applicable in the case of the inclined diffraction geometry. The two‐dimensional problem in the cross section of the crystal normal to the footprint is considered. The solutions for the temperature distribution and displacement field gradients are found in terms of Fourier integrals. These expressions are also valid for x‐ray mirrors. The deviation of the incident beam from exact Bragg position produced by this deformation is calculated. All numerical examples are calculated for the special undulator which is to be installed in the sector III of the Advanced Photon Source.
Morphologic classification of Martian craters and some implications

The establishment of the absolute age range for the unmodified crater class is considered in an attempt to estimate the change of crater degradation rates as a function of time. It is assumed that both the Moon and Mars have had similar time rate of changes in impacting rates. This means that both were subjected to intense bombardment in early history. The rate rapidly declined to low rates around 3.5 b.y. ago.
Abstract 2931: Synergy between secreted factors promotes a hyper-secretory phenotype which may fuel ovarian cancer progression.

The challenge in ovarian cancer research is twofold: 1) identification of early biomarkers of the disease and 2) uncovering targetable molecules to treat malignancy while minimizing toxicity. Mutations in the BRCA1/BRCA2 gene locus account for approximately 15% of patients with ovarian cancer, but several other risk factors are known, including increasing age and obesity. We recently uncovered that a nuclear protein (HMGB1) becomes secreted when cells undergo cellular senescence and we detect increased levels in plasma from elderly compared to young individuals. Significantly, we detect abundant extranuclear HMGB1 staining in tissue from patients with serous ovarian carcinoma, suggesting the presence of senescence cells in the tumor. We find elevated levels of circulating HMGB1 in patients diagnosed with serous carcinoma. Tissue microarray data analysis correlates with reduced survival in ovarian cancer patients staining with higher levels of HMGB1. Like aging, obesity is a risk factor for ovarian cancer but how remains poorly understood. We found that plasma from mice on high fat diets contained higher levels of HMGB1 compared to mice on normal diets. To extend this observation, we found that culturing ovarian cancer derived cells with saturated fatty acids promoted significantly increased secretion of HMGB1, IL-6 and MMP-3. Moreover, senescent cells which exhibit a secretory phenotype became “hyper-secretory” when cultured with saturated fatty acids. Recent data revealed that the redox state of HMGB1 establishes the protein9s function. Secreted HMGB1 synergizes with other secreted factors to stimulate secretion of inflammatory molecules. Indeed we found cells cultured with fatty acid released cf DNA (cell free DNA) which can complex with secreted HMGB1 to promote cytokine secretion. Immunocytochemsitry revealed that tissue from serous ovarian cancer patients exhibited strong FABP-4 expression, a marker for adipoctyes but also shown to be secreted in obese individuals. Taken together these results lead to the possibility that multiple cells types synergize to create a permissive microenvironment to foster ovarian cancer development and progression. Citation Format: Albert R. Davalos, Nicholas Schaum, Judith Campisi. Synergy between secreted factors promotes a hyper-secretory phenotype which may fuel ovarian cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2931. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2931
Modelling protein folding: the beauty and power of simplicity

It is argued that simplified models capture key features of protein stability and folding, whereas more detailed models may be more appropriate for protein structure prediction. A brief overview of experimental and theoretical results is presented which corroborates these points. I argue that statistical models capture the key principle of protein stability – cooperativity – and therefore provide a reasonable estimate of protein free energy whereas more detailed but less physically transparent calculations fail to do so. I also explain that the previously published claim that simple models give predictions that are inconsistent with experiments on polypeptide block-copolymers is based on incomplete analysis of such experiments.
POP, A Broad-Spectrum Programming Language, 1967---2002

This paper discusses the POP-2 language and Multipop time-sharing system developed during the second half of the 1960s. POP-2's expressiveness spanned numeric and symbolic programming and supported experiments in logic of programming languages (by Boyer and Moore) and programming language concepts (for example, Michie's memoisation). The paper also discusses how the goals of POP-2 might be achieved in a successor language.
Quantification of background enhancement in breast magnetic resonance imaging

Purpose: To present a novel technique for measuring tissue enhancement in breast fibroglandular tissue regions on contrast-enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) aimed at quantifying the enhancement of breast parenchyma, also known as “background enhancement.” Materials and Methods: Our quantitative method for measuring breast MRI background enhancement was evaluated in a population of 16 healthy volunteers. We also demonstrate the use of our new technique in the case study of one subject classified as high risk for developing breast cancer who underwent 3 months of tamoxifen therapy. Results: We obtained quantitative measures of background enhancement in all cases. The high-risk patient exhibited a 37% mean reduction in background enhancement with treatment. Conclusion: Our quantitative method is a robust and promising tool that may allow investigators to quantify and document the potential adverse effect of background enhancement on diagnostic accuracy in larger populations. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:1229–1234. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
On the comparison of PBIB designs with two associate classes

A method to compare two-associate-class PBIB designs is discussed. As an application, it is shown that ifd * is a group-divisible design withλ 2=λ1+1, a group divisible design with group size two andλ 2=λ1+1>1, a design based on a triangular scheme andv=10 andλ 1=λ2+1, a design with anL 2 scheme andλ 2=λ1+1, a design with anL s scheme,v=(s+1) 2, andλ 2=λ1+1, wheres is a positive integer, or a design with a cyclic schemev=5, andλ 1=λ2±1, thend * is optimum with respect to a very general class of criteria over all the two-associate-class PBIB designs with the same values ofv, b andk asd *. The best two-associate-class PBIB design, however, is not necessarily optimal over all designs.
SU-FF-T-360: Software Tools for 4-D and Adaptive Treatment Planning Data Visualization and Manipulation (CERR Version 3)

Purpose: Open‐source tools are needed to facilitate the use of multiple imaging datasets for adaptive and 4‐D treatment planning. Commercial systems do not yet provide effective solutions for reviewing, manipulating, and comparing multiple scan datasets taken at different times of with different imaging modalities. Our research treatment planning system, CERR (“computational environment for radiotherapy research,” pronounced ‘sir’), provides a convenient and powerful basis for constructing adaptive and 4‐D treatment planning tools. Method and Materials: The flexible Matlab‐based system CERR was modified and extended. A fast algorithm for image registration was developed and integrated with CERR. Results: We have added support in CERR for: (1) multiple patient image sets, which can be combinations of CT, MRI, or PET scans, and corresponding anatomical structure datasets, (2) rapid image registration (by hand as well as by using an automated method), (3) visualization tools appropriate to review anatomic structure changes with different scan sets, and (4) linked‐storage of multiple scan sets, eliminating memory limitations. In addition, many smaller features have been added to CERR, such as interactive profile plots of dose and/or image values. This version of CERR also provides support for IMRT treatment planning simulations. Local data storage in a sub‐directory or network scan data storage we integrated. Flexible reporting tools allow for structures defined on one dataset to be combined with dose distributions computed for another scan, and resulting dose‐volume‐histograms can be easily derived. The latest release can be downloaded from radium.wustl.edu/cerr. Conclusion: CERR version 3 provides foundational tools for research in adaptive and 4‐ D treatment planning. This framework provides a powerful basis for experimenting with deformable imaging methods, as well as other adaptive radiotherapy challenges, such as re‐optimization research.
Rate coefficient of the O + H2 = OH + H reaction determined via shock tube-laser absorption spectroscopy

Abstract The rate coefficient for the reaction O + H 2 = OH + H was determined via OH profile measurements in a lean H 2 /O 2 /Ar mixture behind reflected shock waves. Over the temperature range 1424–2427 K our expression is k 2 = (1.88 ± 0.07) × 10 14 exp(−6897 ± 53 K/ T ) cm 3 mol −1 s −1 . We do not support strong curvature in the rate expression for this temperature range.
Enhancement of the exchange coupling by the spin-orbit interaction on nanotubes

We present a calculation for the exchange interaction $(J)$ on cylindrical tubules in the presence of spin-orbit interaction (SOI). The electrons are confined within quantum dots on the tubules. Closed-form analytic expressions are obtained for $J$ when the pair of interacting electrons are within quantum dots on coaxial tubules or a pair of parallel tubules. These results assume that the confining potential energy is much larger than the SOI. Our numerical results show that the value of $J$ is enhanced by the SOI. Interestingly, for a pair of parallel tubules, the system exhibits ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic crossover.
Hans Kelsen's Earliest Legal Theory: Critical Constructivism

Legal positivism in the jurisprudential tradition of the European Continent is characterised by what might be called the facticity thesis: the law is ultimately explicable in terms of, or 'reducible to,' a concatenation of fact whether it be power, the will of the sovereign, or the community's acceptance of the legal system.1 Shifting the idiom to a semantic counterpart of the facticity thesis, the legal theorist of a reductive persuasion 'provide[s] eliminative definitions of normative terms,'2 introducing instead non-normative, descriptive terms, in what Joseph Raz has called the reductive semantic thesis.3 Kelsen's conviction that the facticity thesis is wrongheaded drives his theory, particularly in the very early work. In place of the legal positivist's facticity thesis, Kelsen introduces a normativity thesis, which calls for an explication of law and of legal obligation in particular altogether independently of fact. Shifting the idiom to a semantic counterpart of the normativity thesis, the legal theorist of a non-reductive persuasion argues that juridico-normative terms cannot be eliminated in favour of non-normative, descriptive terms, or explicated by means of them. Kelsen's endorsement of the normativity thesis represents, inter alia, his rejection of every fact-based legal theory. At its core, Kelsen's Pure Theory of Law does not consort with facts at all.
The Fourth China-Japan-Korea PDT Symposium, September 21, 2012, Beijing, China.

The 4th China-Japan-Korea PDT Symposium was held during the 15th Conference of Chinese Clinical Oncology and 2012 Annual Meeting of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO). To promote the basic research and clinical application of PDT for the treatment of tumors, CSCO established an Antitumor PDT Expert Committee in 2011. Several local committee members along with experts from Japan, Korea and USA presented their state-of-the-art work and the latest progress in photodynamic medicine of oncological indications. The symposium Presidents Professor Ronghui Luo and Professor Ying Gu were congratulated for organizing such a successful and excellent meeting.
Inner-shell Excitation Energies and Autoionization Rates for C-, N-, O-, and F-like Ions with Z = 6–54

Absolute energies of the autoionizing states 1s2s22pn [LSJ] with n = 3–6, 1s2s2pn [LSJ] with n = 4–6 and 1s2pn [LSJ] with n = 5–6, and non-autoionizing states 1s22s2pn [LSJ] with n = 2–6, 1s22s2pn [LSJ] with n = 3–6, and 1s22pn [LSJ] with n = 4–6 were calculated for ions with a nuclear charge Z = 6–54 by using the 1/Z perturbation theory method. These states were considered as the states with one or few holes in the Ne-like core state 1s22s22p6. Relativistic corrections were taken into account in the frame of the Breit operators. The autoionization rates for the above-mentioned autoionizing states and ions were computed as well and are shown in grafic forms as Z-dependences. These new atomic data represent an important material, which can be used in different areas of atomic and plasma physics involving the study of multiply-charged ions.
The role of leukocytes in mediating mucosal injury of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion

The source of oxygen-free radicals in putative intestinal reperfusion injury is unknown. To define the role of the circulating leukocyte in this pathophysiology, we report a rat model of ex vivo intestinal perfusion that permits alteration of the intravascular perfusate. The validity of the model is proven by the degree of intestinal injury produced by reperfusion following occlusive ischemia. Severe damage was noted in the animals reperfused with normal blood; however, reperfusion with a white blood cell-free perfluorochemical significantly ameliorated this damage. The addition of leukocytes to the perfluorochemical negated the previously seen protection of the leukocyte-free perfusate. This study strongly suggests that the intravascular leukocyte is an important mediator of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Global Population Dynamics and Hot Spots of Response to Climate Change

Understanding how biotic and abiotic factors influence the abundance and distribution of organisms has become more important with the growing awareness of the ecological consequences of climate change. In this article, we outline an approach that complements bioclimatic envelope modeling in quantifying the effects of climate change at the species level. The global population dynamics approach, which relies on distribution-wide, data-driven analyses of dynamics, goes beyond quantifying biotic interactions in population dynamics to identify hot spots of response to climate change. Such hot spots highlight populations or locations within species' distributions that are particularly sensitive to climate change, and identification of them should focus conservation and management efforts. An important result of the analyses highlighted here is pronounced variation at the species level in the strength and direction of population responses to warming. Although this variation complicates species-level predictions ...
The effect in vitro of volatile anesthetics on the activity of cholinesterases.

— Because the mechanism of anesthesia is unknown, the relationship between anesthetics and enzymes essential to brain function may be an important one. Therefore, the effect of 8 volatile anesthetics on the enzymatic activity of solubilized, purified dog brain and human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and human serum cholinesterase (ChE) was studied in vitro. Serum ChE was found to be insensitive to saturated solutions of all the anesthetics studied. However, brain and erythrocyte AChE were reversibly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by all 8 anesthetics in concentrations exceeding those used in clinical practice. Kinetic analysis revealed a mixed (competitive, non-competitive) type of inhibition with the exception of the ether-crythrocyte AChE interaction which was characterized by competitive inhibition. Ether and methoxyflurane were found to depress the AChE activity the most and isoflurane and enflurane the least. The concentrations of anesthetic in the gas phase necessary for 50% inhibition of erythrocyte AChE activity (I50) were calculated for 5 anesthetics and found to correlate with their water-gas partition coefficients. These data suggest that the effect in vitro of volatile anesthetics on the catalytic activity of cholinesterases is a variable one and may be unrelated to anesthetic potency in vivo. The implications of these data concerning anesthetic-active site interactions are discussed.
Compressed Sensing Arrays for Frequency-Sparse Signal Detection and Geolocation

Compressed sensing (CS) can be used to monitor very wide bands when the received signals are sparse in some basis. We have developed a compressed sensing receiver architecture with the ability to detect, demodulate, and geolocate signals that are sparse in frequency. In this paper, we evaluate detection, reconstruction, and angle of arrival (AoA) estimation via Monte Carlo simulation and find that, using a linear 4- sensor array and undersampling by a factor of 8, we achieve near-perfect detection when the received signals occupy up to 5% of the bandwidth being monitored and have an SNR of 20 dB or higher. The signals in our band of interest include frequency-hopping signals detected due to consistent AoA. We compare CS array performance using sensor-frequency and space-frequency bases, and determine that using the sensor-frequency basis is more practical for monitoring wide bands. Though it requires that the received signals be sparse in frequency, the sensor–frequency basis still provides spatial information and is not affected by correlation between uncompressed basis vectors.
A Survey of German Literature During 1934

Wt7HEN the Managing Editor of the Modern Language Journal invited the writer to prepare an annual survey of German literature for the Journal the latter was very hesitant to accept this flattering commission. He immediately realized the difficulties inherent in the task, which presupposes not only wide reading, patience, and persistency but also judiciousness, critical acumen, and tolerance. He perceived, too, that to be well done, such a survey would require no end of time and energy. Finally he felt that, in the present situation, Germany's literature must, by and large, be of a certain ilk and pattern which might become irksome to reader and reviewer alike.