cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Top-N recommendations from expressive recommender systems

Normalized nonnegative models assign probability distributions to users and random variables to items; see [Stark, 2015]. Rating an item is regarded as sampling the random variable assigned to the item with respect to the distribution assigned to the user who rates the item. Models of that kind are highly expressive. For instance, using normalized nonnegative models we can understand users' preferences as mixtures of interpretable user stereotypes, and we can arrange properties of users and items in a hierarchical manner. These features would not be useful if the predictive power of normalized nonnegative models was poor. Thus, we analyze here the performance of normalized nonnegative models for top-N recommendation and observe that their performance matches the performance of methods like PureSVD which was introduced in [Cremonesi et al., 2010]. We conclude that normalized nonnegative models not only provide accurate recommendations but they also deliver (for free) representations that are interpretable. We deepen the discussion of normalized nonnegative models by providing further theoretical insights. In particular, we introduce total variational distance as an operational similarity measure, we discover scenarios where normalized nonnegative models yield unique representations of users and items, we prove that the inference of optimal normalized nonnegative models is NP-hard and finally, we discuss the relationship between normalized nonnegative models and nonnegative matrix factorization.
Drug-induced thrombocytopenia secondary to natalizumab treatment.

Summary A 52-year-old woman with a 10-year history of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) was started on natalizumab after she developed side effects for interferon β-1a and glatiramer acetate. The patient presented with acute severe infusion reaction after the third treatment with natalizumab, developing whole-body purpura. Laboratory testing revealed progressive worsening thrombocytopenia up to 3 weeks following natalizumab discontinuation. Platelet antibodies to platelet-specific antigen as well as antibodies against natalizumab were positive. Bone marrow biopsy was negative. The patient was diagnosed with drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia (DITP) as a rare case of natalizumab side effect which was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone followed by rituximab with successful resolution of thrombocytopenia. The patient had a stable course of RRMS with no relapses and no brain MRI changes at 2 years after initiation of rituximab.
Incidence of Stored-product Phycitinae Moths in Food Distribution Warehouses as Determined by Sex Pheromone-baited Traps

Traps baited with the Phycitinae sex pheromone ( Z, E )-9,12-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate were used to detect hidden insect infestations in four processed-food warehouses. Significantly more moths were captured in some warehouses than in others; bird seed and chicken feed were associated with the increased moth captures. There were no significant differences in the mean numbers of moths captured in sticky traps positioned 2, 5, or 10 m above the warehouse floor. Only Cadra cautella (Walker) and Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) were detected during this study.
Carrier Transport in Ordered and Disordered In0.53Ga0.47As

Ga 0.47 In 0.53 As films are grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on InP substrates and are lattice-matched to the latter. Studies have shown that by varying growth temperature and lattice orientation, some ordering of the metal sublattice is produced. In this work, we studied the excess carrier lifetimes in ordered and disordered films using an ultra-high frequency photoconductive decay measurement technique (UHFPCD). Excitation was provided by a Q-switched YAG laser (1.064 μs wavelength) with pulses of about 5 ns full width half maximum (FWHM). The transient photoconductive decay (PCD) signals varied markedly with the degree of ordering of the specific film. As description of the experimental results of these UHFPCD measurements follow.
Environmentally Assisted Cracking Research of Engineering Alloys for Nuclear Waste Repository Containers

All the countries that operate commercial nuclear power plants are planning to dispose of the waste in underground geologically stable repositories. The materials being studied for the fabrication of the containers include carbon steel, stainless steel, copper, titanium and nickel alloys. The aim of this work is to review results from research performed using the alloys of interest regarding their resistance to environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) under simulated repository conditions. In general, it is concluded that the environments are mild and that the studied metals may not be susceptible to cracking under the planned emplacement conditions.
Controlling strong-field fragmentation of H 2 + by temporal effects with few-cycle laser pulses

In a joint experimental and theoretical endeavor, we explore the laser-induced dissociation and ionization dynamics of H${{}_{2}}^{\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}+}$ beams using sub-10-fs, 800 nm laser pulses. Our theory predicts considerable control over the branching ratio of two-photon and three-photon above-threshold dissociation (ATD) by gating the dissociation pathway on a few-femtosecond timescale. We are able to experimentally demonstrate this control. Moreover, our theory also shows the importance of the highly excited H(2$l$) states of H${{}_{2}}^{\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}+}$ that contribute to ATD structure in dissociation. As is the case for dissociation, we find that ionization is also sensitive to the effective laser interaction time.
A new species of Leptotrombidium (Acari: Trombiculidae) collected in active rice fields in northern Thailand

Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) chiangraiensis Tanskul & Linthicum is described and illustrated as new from specimens collected from the rodents Rattus rattus (L., 1758), Rattus argentiventer (Robinson & Kloss, 1916), Rattus losea (Swinhoe, 1870), and Bandicota indica (Bechstein, 1800) in Chiangrai Province, northern Thailand. The new species was collected in active rice fields and adjacent fruit plantation areas. The etiological agent of scrub typhus, Orientia (formerly Rickettsia) tsutsugamushi (Hayashi), has been isolated from patients who live and work in the same habitat where L. chiangraiensis is the predominant Leptotrombidium species.
Personal Responsibility as a Criterion for Prioritization in Resource Allocation

Personal responsibility matters for both rationing and resource allocation. If people were healthier, there would be less competition for absolutely scarce resources such as organs or limited ICU beds. If fewer people were overweight, obese, or smokers, dilemmas arising from relative scarcity could be attenuated, as there would be reduced need for providing (and funding) interventions for conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, stroke, some cancers, or hip or knee-replacements. Yet, how to implement reasonable personal responsibility policies is far from straightforward. In the best case, the stars are aligned and programs empower people’s health literacy and agency, reduce overall healthcare spending, alleviate rationing and resource allocation dilemmas, and lead to healthier and more productive workforces. But the devil is often in the detail: a focus on controlling or reducing cost can also lead to an inequitable distribution of benefits from incentive programs, and penalize people for health risk factors that are beyond their control. This article reviews the different motivations that can underlie and drive personal responsibility policies; sets out a proposal for how to decide on the reasonableness of personal responsibility policies given the constraints of the realpolitik of health policy and the normative issues that are at stake; and provides an overview of central ethical issues raised by incentive programs, the dominant policy tool to promote personal responsibility.
Surgical management of intracranial aneurysms with aneurismal wall calc ification

Objective To report 16 cases of intracranial ane ur ysms with calcified vascular wall and study the relationship between vascular ca lcification and pathogenic mechanism of intracranial aneurysms.Methods Spiral CT scan, clinical data and serum calcium, phosphate, glucose, lip id, renal function of the 16 patients were studied in retrospect. All aneurysms were clipped, in which 8 were resected after clipping.Results The location of aneurysms with aneurismal wall calcification was, on posterio r communicating artery in 3, on middle cerebral artery in 2, on anterior com municating artery in 2, on basilar artery in 5 and on basilar artery in 4 . All patients showed normal serum calcium, phosphate, glucose and normal renal func tion. Serum lipid of patients had been elevated. All patients recovered with n o significant neurological deficits.Conclusion Intracranial vascular calcification is an active and regulated process in close relation to atherosclerosis, serum calcium, phosphate, lipid, thyroid, parathyroid function and other factors. Intracranial vascular calcification has close relationshi p with the pathogenesis and management of intracranial aneurysms.
Evidence-Based Care of the Patient with Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex, serious, and high-cost psychiatric disorder. The high prevalence of patients with BPD and co-occurring depression, eating disorders, and substance-use disorders in primary care and mental health settings contribute to their high use of resources in these practice settings. Regardless of treatment challenges associated with BPD, researchers suggest a more positive outlook in the treatment of this complex psychiatric condition. This article focuses on areas in which nurses can strengthen their understanding of underpinnings and multimodal approaches, assess the patient's immediate needs, and manage distressful emotional states and impulsivity.
Contemporary evaluation and management of renal trauma.

Introduction Renal trauma occurs in approximately 1%-5% of all trauma cases. Improvements in imaging and management over the last two decades have caused a shift in the treatment of this clinical condition. Materials and methods A systematic search of PubMed was performed to identify relevant and contemporary articles that referred to the management and evaluation of renal trauma. Results Computed tomography remains a mainstay of radiological evaluation in hemodynamically stable patients. There is a growing body of literature showing that conservative, non-operative management of renal trauma is safe, even for Grade IV-V renal injuries. If surgical exploration is planned due to other injuries, a conservative approach to the kidney can often be utilized. Follow up imaging may be warranted in certain circumstances. Urinoma, delayed bleeding, and hypertension are complications that require follow up. Conclusion Appropriate imaging and conservative approaches are a mainstay of current renal trauma management.
Growth, Normal Patterns and Constitutional Delay

Constitutional delay of growth is a variant of normal growth and development that is characterized by a relatively decreased rate of linear growth after the first 3 to 12 months of life and usually a delayed entry into puberty.
Infrared–infrared double-resonance spectra of 13 CH 3 OH and 12 CH 3 OH

Several Stark-tuned infrared–infrared double-resonance signals are observed when the 13CH3OH and 12CH3OH molecules are investigated using a cw 12C16O2 laser modulated by an acoustoptic modulator. The observations have allowed new assignments and the confirmation of some previous assignments to be made for coincidences between absorption transitions of these molecules and CO2 laser emission lines. The a-component, μa, of the permanent electric-dipole moment of 13CH3OH in the n = 0 ground state and the first excited CO stretch band have been determined. The μa′ value in the CH3-deformation state of 12CH3OH has also been derived.
Detection of Biomolecules by Derivatization/SIMS

The sensitivity and specificity of static SIMS can be increased dramatically by using chemical derivatization to produce “preformed” ions. This sensitivity can extend to the parts-per-billion (ppb) range for selected components in complex mixtures such as body fluids. We have applied derivatization/SIMS to several classes of compounds, including peptides [1,2], saccharides [3], ketones and ketosteroids [4] and amine-containing drugs [5].
Group Delay Description For Broadband Pulses

The traditional concept of group delay usually arises in connection with an expansion of the phase delay for an electromagnetic pulse. In this context, the group delay function (evaluated at a single ’carrier’ frequency) describes the time required for a pulse to traverse a given displacement. However, if the bandwidth of the pulse encompasses a substantial portion of a resonance structure the expansion fails to converge over the relevant range of frequencies. Because of this failure, traditional group delay suffers severe shortcomings when applied to broadband pulse propagation.1 4 We recently introduced a method for describing pulse delay5,6 in which the group delay function naturally arises. In contrast to the traditional formulation of group delay, this method retains validity for pulses of arbitrary bandwidth propagating in linear dielectrics (including cases where the spectrum overlaps resonances in the medium). In this work we give an overview of this method of description and demonstrate how it may be applied to gain insight into the behavior of broadband electromagnetic pulses. As an illustration we show how the method may be applied to the well-known precursor problem, where the traditional formulation of group delay fails.
Effector function for RAS oncogene in interleukin-3-dependent myeloid cells involves diminished efficacy of prostaglandin E1-mediated inhibition of proliferation.

Leukemic cell growth in the marrow microenvironment may be modulated by stromal cell products, including stimulatory growth factors and the inhibitory regulator prostaglandin E. The production of both of these stromal cell products induced by cytokine mediators appears to be closely linked. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is an intracellular second messenger that inhibits myeloid cell proliferation and is produced in myeloid leukemia cells on stimulation of adenylate cyclase enzyme by prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). Cells expressing the product of an RAS oncogene have been observed to display diminished hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase of membranes. If this observation were applicable to myeloid cells, a potentially important mode for leukemia cells expressing p21 RAS to escape inhibitory regulation within the hematopoietic microenvironment would be identified. We studied an interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent myeloid cell line, NFS/N1.H7, and a derivative line transfected with H-RAS codon 12 (T24) oncogene, H7 Neo Ras.F3, for inhibition of proliferation by PGE1, 1 microM, alone or in combination with pertussis toxin, which inactivates Gi, an inhibitory regulatory guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein of adenylate cyclase. NFS/N1.H7 cells were inhibited in interleukin-3-dependent proliferation (dose range, IL-3 10 to 100 U/mL) by PGE1 79 +/- 11%, by pertussis toxin 51 +/- 9%, and by the combination 92 +/- 2%, whereas H7 Neo RAS.F3 was inhibited 51 +/- 7%, 6 +/- 2%, or 58 +/- 9% by PGE1, pertussis toxin, and the combination, respectively. These differences in capacity for inhibition by adenylate cyclase agonists between RAS- transfectant cells (lower inhibition) versus parent cells (greater inhibition) were all highly significant (P less than .0005). Intracellular cAMP formed on PGE1 stimulation of pertussis-intoxicated cells was 150% lower in RAS-transfectant cells than in parent cells. The adenylate cyclase activity of membranes from pertussis-intoxicated RAS-transfected cells was 1.5 to two times lower than that of pertussis- intoxicated parent-cell membranes on Mg2+-dependent activation by hormone and/or guanine nucleotide. However, very similar adenylate cyclase activity was observed in oncogenic p21 RAS-containing membranes compared with parental membranes under conditions of direct activation by 4 mM Mn2+ and forskolin, where inhibitory or stimulatory G-protein influences are minimal. These studies showed diminished adenylate cyclase activity in mutant RAS-bearing myeloid-cell membranes compared with parent-cell membranes independent of the pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein, Gi.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS).
Multiple Pathways to Large-Scale Human Cooperative Networks: A Reframing

Humans have the remarkable ability to cooperate in large aggregations and networks, but the forms that such sociality takes are highly variable. Likewise, human cooperation is neither unconditional nor unchanging, but rather contingent. Given these complexities, social scientists have argued and puzzled for centuries concerning the best ways to account for human cooperation, often carving out discrete disciplinary niches and lenses that inhibit dialogue across the geographic, temporal, and empirical contexts that they each endeavor to understand. Here, transdisciplinary, multiscalar frames that draw from a range of academic fields are advanced to guide exploration of comparative dynamics and variability in human cooperative formations. Most specifically, empirically grounded models of collective action are employed as a basis to compare and contrast the suite of cases presented in this volume.
Angiectatic nasal polyps that clinically simulate a malignant process: report of 2 cases and review of the literature.

c Background.—Approximately 5% of inflammatory or allergic sinonasal polyps develop extensive vascular proliferation and ectasia with deposition of pseudoamyloid. These so-called angiectatic nasal polyps (ANPs) can grow rapidly and exhibit an aggressive clinical behavior that could simulate malignancy preoperatively. Objective.—To systematically address the differential histologic diagnosis of ANPs. Methods.—We evaluated by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy biopsy and resection specimens from 2 large ANPs (8 and 10 cm in diameter) that presented in 2 adult men with life-threatening epistaxis and facial deformity, respectively. Results.—The tumors were firm, lobulated, and covered by smooth, partially ulcerated mucosa. Histologically, clusters of dilated, thin-walled blood vessels embedded in pools of Congo red‐negative eosinophilic material, associated with patchy necrosis and atypical stromal spindle cells, were seen. Electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry (CD34, factor VIII) confirmed the endothelial nature of the cells lining the spaces, whereas the atypical stromal cells were classified as myofibroblasts. Conclusions.—These 2 cases represent extreme examples of ANPs that clinically simulate a malignant process. Awareness of the histological features of ANPs should prevent confusion of such lesions with other vascular or spindle cell lesions of the nasopharynx that would require different treatment and carry a different prognosis. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2000;124:406‐410)
Helium Ionization in the Diffuse Ionized Gas surrounding UCHII regions

We present measurements of the singly ionized helium to hydrogen ratio ($n_{He^+}/n_{H^+}$) toward diffuse gas surrounding three Ultra-Compact HII (UCHII ) regions: G10.15-0.34, G23.46-0.20 \& G29.96-0.02. We observe radio recombination lines (RRLs) of hydrogen and helium near 5 GHz using the GBT to measure the $n_{He^+}/n_{H^+}$ ratio. The measurements are motivated by the low helium ionization observed in the warm ionized medium (WIM) and in the inner Galaxy diffuse ionized regions (DIR). Our data indicate that the helium is not uniformly ionized in the three observed sources. Helium lines are not detected toward a few observed positions in sources G10.15-0.34 \& G23.46-0.20 and the upper limits of the $n_{He^+}/n_{H^+}$ ratio obtained are 0.03 and 0.05 respectively. The selected sources harbor stars of type O6 or hotter as indicated by helium line detection toward the bright radio continuum emission from the sources with mean $n_{He^+}/n_{H^+}$ value 0.06$\pm$0.02. Our data thus show that helium in diffuse gas located a few pc away from the young massive stars embedded in the observed regions is not fully ionized.We investigate the origin of the non-uniform helium ionization and rule out the possibilities : (a) that the helium is doubly ionized in the observed regions and (b) that the low $n_{He^+}/n_{H^+}$ values are due to additional hydrogen ionizing radiation produced by accreting low-mass stars (Smith 2014). We find that selective absorption of ionizing photons by dust can result in low helium ionization but needs further investigation to develop a self-consistent model for dust in HII regions.
Sickle Cell Trait in the Blood Supply.

Of the approximately 14 million blood donations performed every year in the US, it is estimated that as many as 140000 donations each year are unknowingly from sickle cell trait (HbAS)2 donors (1). Organizations like the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) and WHO have produced guidelines to help standardize the general assessment of donor suitability that would protect the blood donor as well as the recipient of the blood transfusion (2, 3). Through these recommendations, donor acceptance and deferral criteria are based on a medical history questionnaire, limited physical …
Abstract 407: Aminopeptidase A (APA)/Ang(2-10) and APA/AngIII are the Dominant Axes in the Metabolism of Angiotensin Peptides in Mice Plasma

ACE2 is considered an important enzyme in the degradation of Angiotensin (Ang) I (1-10) and especially of Ang II (1-8), as demonstrated by the rapid dissipation of this peptide when recombinant ACE2 is infused but the steady state level of ACE2 in plasma is low. We examined levels of multiple Ang peptides in plasma under steady state conditions in WT and ACE2KO mice on C57BL genetic background (n=4 and 5, respectively). Liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry-based approach which enables concurrent evaluation of ten different angiotensins at physiologic levels (pg/mL) was used for multiple peptide quantification. The levels of angiotensin peptides in WT mice were highest for Ang I (1-10) (1295±313 pg/mL), Ang (2-10) (657±173 pg/mL) and Ang III (2-8) (1047±178 pg/mL). In contrast, plasma levels of Ang II (1-8), the main effector peptide of the RAS, and Ang (1-7), the product of cleavage of Ang II by ACE2, were very low (7.8±2 and 3.5±0 pg/mL, respectively). In ACE2 KO mice, Ang II and Ang (1-7) levels were not significantly different from WT. Activity of Aminopeptidase A, an enzyme that converts Ang (1-10) to Ang (2-10) and cleaves Ang II (1-8) to Ang III (2-8), was significantly increased in ACE2KO (n=11) as compared to WT (n=17) (149±11 vs. 94±9 RFU/ul/hr, respectively, p These results show that plasma Ang II and Ang (1-7) levels in WT and ACE2KO mice are low relative to the high levels of Ang (2-10) and Ang III (2-8). ACE2 deficiency does not result in plasma Ang II accumulation or reduced Ang (1-7) levels and is associated with an increase in serum APA activity. We conclude that in mice plasma the APA/Ang(2-10) and APA/AngIII pathways, and not ACE2/Ang(1-7), are dominant in the metabolism of Ang I and Ang II under steady state conditions.
Corpus linguistics and language testing: Navigating uncharted waters:

The use of corpora and corpus linguistic methods in language testing research is increasing at an accelerated pace. The growing body of language testing research that uses corpus linguistic data is...
Lipidomic and Transcriptomic Basis of Lysosomal Dysfunction in Progranulin Deficiency

Defective lysosomal function defines many neurodegenerative diseases, such as neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) and Niemann-Pick type C (NPC), and is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP) with progranulin (PGRN) deficiency. Here, we show that PGRN is involved in lysosomal homeostasis and lipid metabolism. PGRN deficiency alters lysosome abundance and morphology in mouse neurons. Using an unbiased lipidomic approach, we found that brain lipid composition in humans and mice with PGRN deficiency shows disease-specific differences that distinguish them from normal and other pathologic groups. PGRN loss leads to an accumulation of polyunsaturated triacylglycerides, as well as a reduction of diacylglycerides and phosphatidylserines in fibroblast and enriched lysosome lipidomes. Transcriptomic analysis of PGRN-deficient mouse brains revealed distinct expression patterns of lysosomal, immune-related, and lipid metabolic genes. These findings have implications for the pathogenesis of FTLD-TDP due to PGRN deficiency and suggest lysosomal dysfunction as an underlying mechanism.
The printed trachea.

In an effort to provide a novel option for tracheal reconstruction, Rehmani et al. demonstrate the successful use of a composite 3D bioengineered tracheal graft in porcine models for clinical use in patients with long segment tracheal defects (1). Historically, grafts such as silicone tubes, dermal grafts, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts, aortic allograft, and cadaveric grafts have enjoyed limited success due to lack of availability, size mismatch, poor vascularization, stenosis, and potential need for immunosuppression (2,3). Nevertheless, recent advances in bioengineering have made it possible to create a customized conduit that has the dynamic rigidity and flexibility of the trachea.
A Dark Matter Search Using the Final SuperCDMS Soudan Dataset and the Development of a Large-Format, Highly-Multiplexed, Athermal-Phonon-Mediated Particle Detector

Over the past eighty years, numerous complementary observations of our universe have indicated that our current description of physics is far from complete. The "ordinary matter", such as electrons, protons, photons and neutrons, that constitutes the bulk of all human physical experiences is actually only a minority (about 16%) of the total mass of the universe. The remaining 84% is very poorly understood, but has profound effects on the dynamics and evolution of our universe. Because it does not interact with light, and is not observable in telescopes on earth, this extra mass is usually referred to as "dark matter". Although the dark matter is poorly understood, Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are a well-motivated candidate that can be directly detected via a non-gravitational interaction with normal matter, potentially allowing for direct terrestrial detection and characterization of this dark matter. This dissertation is focused on this direct WIMP detection and will be broken into two main parts. The first part focuses on the blinded analysis of roughly three years of data collected from March 2012 to November 2015 by the SuperCDMS Soudan experiment. SuperCDMS Soudan consists of an array of 15, 0.6-kg, cryogenic, Ge iZIP particle detectors situated in a decommissioned iron mine in remote northern Minnesota. This analysis is optimized to be sensitive to theoretical WIMP masses above 10 GeV/c2. This result set the strongest limits for WIMP--germanium-nucleus interactions for WIMP masses greater than 12 Gev/c2. The second part focuses on the development new kind of particle detector in the style of a SuperCDMS iZIP, designed to simplify fabrication and readout, improve phonon-based position reconstruction, and help to scale to larger target arrays. These detectors replace the TES-based phonon sensors of the iZIP with Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs).
Advanced eddy-current methods for quantitative NDE

We describe a time-domain (pulsed) eddy-current technique for determining the thickness and conductivity of conductive coatings on metal plates. The pulsed eddy-current instrument records the transient current induced in an absolute, air-cored coil placed next to a layered sample and excited with a step-function change in voltage. Signals are digitized with 16-bit resolution at a sampling rate of 1 megasamples per second, and the excitation is repeated at a rate of 1 kHz. The instrument displays the difference in the transient current measured on the substrate and on the substrate plus coating. We measured pulsed eddycurrent signals for a series of metal foils of varying thickness placed over I-cm thick metal plates. Seven combinations of foil and substrate metals were studied: including pure aluminum, copper, and titanium foils over substrates of aluminum, titanium alloy, and
Use of new dispersion relations in the Glauber formalism with application to πd scattering

The recently introduced dispersion relations for the logarithm of the scattering amplitude are combined with the Glauber formalism for scattering by composite systems. The dispersion relations yield the angular dependence of the phase of the single-particle amplitudes which can be substituted directly into the Glauber expressions. The total and differential cross-sections are then immediately calculable. The method is illustrated by a detailed treatment of πd elastic scattering, but is readily extended to other beam particles and targets.
Developing a Self-Powered Enlarging Smart Waste Bin

In a community with everyday growing population, the production of waste also increases which leads to the possibility of overflowing disposal sites. This proposes a worrisome problem to waste management companies as well as people in the community due to the rise in pollution caused by overflowing trash. Apart from pollution, diseases can also easily spread if overflowing waste are left uncollected. The goal of this paper would be to overcome all these difficulties in handling waste through designing a smart waste bin system that is not only cost-effective but also environmental friendly. This particular system would also be able to communicate with waste management companies to take care of the overflowing disposal sites. The system involves the combination of a primary trash bin and an attached expanding auxiliary trash bin. The primary bin will have an ultrasonic sensor attached to its lid which allows it to detect the level of waste within the bin and once it reaches maximum capacity, signal for pick-up will be transmitted to the waste management company. Furthermore, to solve the immediate full capacity issue of the bin, the primary bin encompasses a compactor used to compress trash within the bin before overflowing. Additionally, the auxiliary bin would expand to contain additional waste while waiting for pick-up. The whole system is powered by solar panels attached to the lid of the primary bin, thus making it an environmentally friendly system.
Congenital Heart Disease: Indications, Patient Preparation, and Simple Lesions

Technical advances over the past two decades have greatly expanded the diagnostic role of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in pediatric and adult patients with congenital heart disease. The first part of this chapter reviews the indications, patient preparation and monitoring, and sedation strategies for CMR in patients with congenital heart disease. The second part of this chapter details the CMR evaluation of several “simple” congenital heart lesions: atrial septal defects and other interatrial communications, ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, partially anomalous pulmonary venous connections, coarctation of the aorta, and vascular rings. Despite being classified as “simple”, many of the conditions in this chapter have important anatomic subtypes and variable physiology. Thus, summaries of the anatomic considerations and clinical management decisions are provided for each lesion.
Modified Complex Robert-Bonamy calculations of line shape parameters and their temperature dependence for water vapor in collision with N2

Abstract Modified Complex Robert-Bonamy (MCRB) calculations of the half-width, line shift, and their temperature dependence were made for the H2O-N2 collision system. Several methods, intercomparison of the measured line shape data and the Group of Transitions methods, were tested to select a set of measured half-widths and line shifts with small uncertainty. The atom-atom parameters of the intermolecular potential were refined by matching the MCRB calculation results to those of the selected transitions. Transitions for the rotation and ν2 bands were selected from the HITRAN2016 database [Gordon et al. JQSRT 203, 3, 2017] and MCRB calculations employing the final intermolecular potential were made for these transitions. The calculations were made at 13 temperatures between 200 and 3000 K and the temperature dependence of the half-width and line shift determined. The MCRB data were compared with the measurement database. The comparison of the half-widths gives average percent differences of 4.71% and −2.74% and the comparison of the line shifts gives average deviations of −0.00166 and −0.000547 cm−1 atm−1 for the rotation and ν2 bands, respectively. A file of the final results is available as supplemental data and the corresponding author's website.
Torque Ripple Minimization in Six-Step PMSM Drives via Variable and Fast DC Bus Dynamics

Six-step modulated drive systems have been shown to have higher power density and lower switching loss than pulsewidth modulation drive systems. It has also been shown that by manipulating the dc bus voltage, six-step mode can drive permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) over a wide speed range, and maintain the machine operating point on the maximum torque per ampere curve below the base speed to reduce the machine copper loss. However, high torque ripple exists while in this type of six-step mode. This paper develops the control design methodologies to leverage the variable and fast dc bus manipulation, provided by two-step finite-settling-step dc-to-dc converter control, to minimize torque ripple in six-step PMSM drives. Two torque control algorithms: existing voltage angle based torque control and deadbeat-direct torque and flux control are used to evaluate torque ripple reduction capability and energy savings potential of six-step PMSM drive systems.
On the Expressive Power of Declarative Constructs in Interactive Document Scripts

It is difficult to generally compare the succinctness of declarative versus imperative programming as source code size varies. In imperative programs, basic operations have constant cost, but they tend to be more verbose than declarative programs, which increases the potential for defects. This paper presents a novel approach for a generalized comparison by transforming the problem into comparing executed code size of a benchmark imperative algorithm with a partially declarative variant of the same algorithm. This allows input size variation to substitute for source code size variation. For implementation, we use a multiparadigm language called XForms that contains both declarative XPath expressions and imperative script actions for interacting with XML data within web and office documents. A novel partially declarative variant of the quicksort is presented. Amortized analysis shows that only O(n) imperative actions are executed, so the expressive power of the declarative constructs is at least Ω(log n). In general, declarative constructs can have an order of magnitude expressive power advantage compared with only using basic imperative operations. The performance cost factor of the expressive power advantage was determined to be O(log2 n) based on a novel dynamic projection from the generalized tree structure of XML data to a height balanced binary tree.
The asymptotic distribution of modularity in weighted signed networks

Modularity is a popular metric for quantifying the degree of community structure within a network. The distribution of the largest eigenvalue of a network's edge weight or adjacency matrix is well studied and is frequently used as a substitute for modularity when performing statistical inference. However, we show that the largest eigenvalue and modularity are asymptotically uncorrelated, which suggests the need for inference directly on modularity itself when the network size is large. To this end, we derive the asymptotic distributions of modularity in the case where the network's edge weight matrix belongs to the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble, and study the statistical power of the corresponding test for community structure under some alternative models. We empirically explore universality extensions of the limiting distribution and demonstrate the accuracy of these asymptotic distributions through Type I error simulations. We also compare the empirical powers of the modularity based tests with some existing methods. Our method is then used to test for the presence of community structure in two real data applications.
Early Detection and Rapid Response (EDRR) to Nonnative Wildlife in South Florida

Invasive nonnative wildlife threaten successful restoration of Everglades ecosystems in south Florida. If nothing is done while an invasion is in the beginning stages, populations can grow and become much more difficult to manage, as happened with the Burmese pythons. This 4-page fact sheet written by Justin R. Dalaba and Frank J. Mazzotti and published by the UF/IFAS Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Department explains how the Early Detection and Rapid Response method works and how to apply it to increase the likelihood that an invasion will be successfully contained or eradicated while an invasive population is still small and localized. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/uw454
Coupled Electromagnetic and Reaction Kinetics Simulation of Super-Resolution Interference Lithography.

Inspired by the ability of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy to circumvent the diffraction barrier, two-color super-resolution interference lithography exploits non-equilibrium kinetics in mat...
Corporate Bond Market Dysfunction During COVID-19 and Lessons from the Fed's Responses

Changes in the financial sector since the global financial crisis appear to have increased dramatically the demand for liquidity by holders of corporate bonds beyond the ability of the markets to provide it in stress events. The March market turmoil revealed the costs of liquidity mismatch in open-end bond mutual funds. The surprisingly large redemptions of investment-grade corporate bond funds added to stresses in both the corporate bond and Treasury markets. These conditions led to unprecedented Fed interventions, which significantly reduced risk spreads and improved market functioning, with much of the improvements occurring right after the initial announcement. The improved conditions allowed companies to issue bonds, which helped them to maintain employees and investment spending. The episode suggests several areas for further study and possible reforms.
Splice-specific lyn knockout mice reveal a dominant function of LynB in preventing autoimmunity

Abstract The unique roles of the Src-family kinases LynA and LynB in immune activating and inhibitory signaling have eluded definition. Here we report that LynB, the shorter splice product of lyn, carries the dominant immunosuppressive function. We used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to constrain lyn splicing and expression to a single product: LynAKO or LynBKO mice. While activities of both isoforms regulate homeostatic Lyn expression, only LynB protects against autoimmune disease. LynBKO monocytes and dendritic cells are TLR4-hyper-responsive, and TLR4 expression increases with age in LynBKO myeloid and B cells. These changes are accompanied by the development of an inflammatory disease that resembles human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The interplay between LynB and TLR4 likely underlies the autoimmunity risk associated with LYN hypomorph and TLR4 hypermorph alleles.
Changes in the economic status of neighbourhoods in US metropolitan areas from 1980 to 2010: Stability, growth and polarisation:

In this paper we move away from a static view of neighbourhood inequality and investigate the dynamics of neighbourhood economic status, which ties together spatial income inequality at different m...
PM2.5 Classification Through Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks Applied to Modis AOD and TOA Reflectance Images

Traditional measurement of the air pollutant particulate matter known as PM2.5 is performed by ground monitoring stations. These measurements are sparse in spatial extent due to the limited number of monitoring stations and their uneven distribution. In this study we explored the use of satellite images together with a convolutional recurrent neural network to predict a category of PM2.5 concentration for continuous spatial samples across a region. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Top of Atmosphere (TOA) products from NASA's MODIS instrument were used to provide spatial and temporal data to the network trained to predict the PM2.5 category. Results demonstrate an over 70% classification accuracy for the PM2.5 category.
TU-A-304-01: Introduction and Workflow of Image-Guided SBRT

Increased use of SBRT and hypo fractionation in radiation oncology practice has posted a number of challenges to medical physicist, ranging from planning, image-guided patient setup and on-treatment monitoring, to quality assurance (QA) and dose delivery. This symposium is designed to provide updated knowledge necessary for the safe and efficient implementation of SBRT in various linac platforms, including the emerging digital linacs equipped with high dose rate FFF beams. Issues related to 4D CT, PET and MRI simulations, 3D/4D CBCT guided patient setup, real-time image guidance during SBRT dose delivery using gated/un-gated VMAT or IMRT, and technical advancements in QA of SBRT (in particular, strategies dealing with high dose rate FFF beams) will be addressed. The symposium will help the attendees to gain a comprehensive understanding of the SBRT workflow and facilitate their clinical implementation of the state-of-art imaging and planning techniques. Learning Objectives: 1. Present background knowledge of SBRT, describe essential requirements for safe implementation of SBRT, and discuss issues specific to SBRT treatment planning and QA. 2. Update on the use of multi-dimensional (3D and 4D) and multi-modality (CT, beam-level X-ray imaging, pre- and on-treatment 3D/4D MRI, PET, robotic ultrasound, etc.) for reliable guidance of SBRT. 3. Provide a comprehensive overview of emerging digital linacs and summarize the key geometric and dosimetric features of the new generation of linacs for substantially improved SBRT. 4. Discuss treatment planning and quality assurance issues specific to SBRT. Research grant from Varian Medical Systems
Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes due to Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis.

Background We report a case of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes occurring almost simultaneously in a patient diagnosed with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) previously known as Churg–Strauss vasculitis. To our knowledge, this is the first known case. Methods A 59-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of bilateral leg weakness, difficulty ambulating, and dyesthesias. While in the hospital, he developed acute right hand weakness, and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed multiple, bilateral ischemic infarcts. After a few days, he acutely became unresponsive and was found to have a large left frontal hematoma and underwent emergent hematoma evacuation. His weakness was unexplained by the infarcts based on location and so a peripheral process was suspected. Results Nerve conduction studies showed severe axonal sensorimotor neuropathy. A sural nerve biopsy showed necrotizing vasculitis, consistent with EGPA. Conclusions EGPA is the rarest of the antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody vasculitides. The peripheral nervous system is frequently involved, but the central nervous system can also be affected. The vasculitis damages the vessel walls, which leads either to stenosis or to dilatation, resulting in ischemic or bleeding consequences which can occur simultaneously, such as in this case. Caution should be exercised when prescribing antiplatelet therapy to such patients.
State Attorneys General Use of Concurrent Public Enforcement Authority In Federal Consumer Protection Laws

Recent scholarly and legislative interest in state enforcement of federal law has led to the need for an empirical understanding of how and when these enforcement powers are used. This article reports on an examination of the use by state attorneys general of sixteen federal consumer protection laws that expressly allow for state enforcement. The data are sorted and analyzed by both single state actions and multistate actions over time, and by the involvement of federal agencies in the state cases. The data reveal a measured use of such powers by state attorneys general and robust state and federal cooperation in the enforcement of the statutes. This study should be useful for future legislative and scholarly examinations of federalism, enforcement powers, and consumer protection.
Rat mammary acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase. I. Isolation and characterization.

Abstract The isolation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase from lactating rat mammary glands is described. A procedure was used which differs significantly from those employed by others who have isolated this enzyme from animal tissues. The purified enzyme catalyzes the carboxylation of 5.5 µmoles of acetyl-CoA per min per mg of protein under optimum assay conditions. Apparent Km values were determined for acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, bicarbonate, and ATP (which gave two values). The effects of varying the concentrations of citrate or Mg++ yielded sigmoid saturation curves. Phospholipids were found to stimulate the enzyme.
Dual-comb femtosecond enhancement cavity for precision measurements of plasma dynamics and spectroscopy in the XUV

We show two high power 100 fs frequency combs can be coupled to the same enhancement cavity for performing time-resolved measurements of optical nonlinearities and for simplifying dual-comb spectroscopy in the XUV.
High-Performance Semi-Supervised Learning using Discriminatively Constrained Generative Models

We develop a semi-supervised learning method that constrains the posterior distribution of latent variables under a generative model to satisfy a rich set of feature expectation constraints estimated with labeled data. This approach encourages the generative model to discover latent structure that is relevant to a prediction task. We estimate parameters with a coordinate ascent algorithm, one step of which involves training a discriminative log-linear model with an embedded generative model. This hybrid model can be used for test time prediction. Unlike other high-performance semi-supervised methods, the proposed algorithm converges to a stationary point of a single objective function, and affords additional flexibility, for example to use different latent and output spaces. We conduct experiments on three sequence labeling tasks, achieving the best reported results on two of them, and showing promising results on CoNLL03 NER.
Priority ordering and packetization for scalable video multicast with network coding

The integration of scalable video representation and network coding (NC) offers an excellent solution to robust and flexible video multicast over IP networks. In this work, we examine one critical component in this system, i.e. video priority ordering and packetization at the source of the multicast tree. First, a GOP-adaptive layer-based packet priority ordering algorithm is proposed to allow flexible prioritized video transmission with unequal error protection. Then, a packetization scheme tailored to NC delivery is discussed. Simulation results are given to demonstrate that the proposed algorithms offer better performance in video quality and bandwidth efficiency as compared the SNR-based packetization method.