cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Energetics of the reaction Mn(H)(CO)→Mn(HCO)

Abstract Large basis set ab initio Hartree-Fock calculations of the energetics of the model reaction Mn (H)(CO)→Mn(HCO) are reported. The use of polarization functions in the ligand atom basis sets has a profound effect upon the energetics of this isomerization reaction.
Specialized adaptation to displaced vision

Two conditions of exposure to prism rearrangement were used to explore specificity of visuo—motor adaptation. In one condition subjects viewed, in sequential alternation of one minute periods, the ...
A New Classification System for Criminal Offenders, VI: Differences among the Types on the Adjective Checklist

The MMPI was administered to 1214 male youthful offenders upon entry into a medium security federal institution; the 1164 with valid profiles were classified into the 10 types delineated by Megargee and Bohn with Meyer and Sink (1979). Valid Gough-Heilbrun Adjective Checklists (ACLs) were also obtained from 1061 of these subjects, and 1093 were evaluated on the ACL by clinical psychologists after a wide-ranging clinical interview. These “Self ACLs” and “Other ACLs” were scored on 24 scales; significant differences were obtained on 44 of the 48 comparisons. In addition, the individual adjectives best discriminating each of the 10 types were identified. The results increase support for the notion that there are significant qualitative differences among the 10 MMPI-based types, and provide insights into how the types describe themselves and are viewed by others.
Inhibition by sera and soluble antigens of T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against leukaemia-associated antigens

INTEREST in the regulation of T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes stems from the discovery of (1) an H–2 restriction of T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, that is sensitising cells, effector cells and target cells need to be syngeneic at the H–2 locus, especially at the D and or K regions of the MHC1–5 for effective killing and (2) inhibition of T-cell-mediated cytotoxic reactions against syngeneic tumours with alloantibodies to H–2 antigens specific for the tumour cells6,7. Different origins have been proposed for the tumour-associated antigens (TAA), and the most favourable model is a modified H–2 antigen or an adaptor–antigen complex4–7. This issue has important implications for tumour immunology, and so we have evaluated the validity of the inhibition of cytotoxicity by serum at the effector phase level; investigated afferent interference by serum of the cell-mediated cytotoxic response, and studied the inhibition of cell-mediated cytotoxic reactions with soluble antigens. We report here that there is a lack of H–2 restriction of T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity to TAA, and that TAA seems to differ from H–2 antigens. This implies that T-cell recognition is not entirely regulated by the MHC genes.
Reduced-rank space-time channel estimation for DS-CDMA in MIMO dispersive channels

A reduced-rank space-time channel estimation scheme is presented for uplink multiuser DS-CDMA (direct-sequence code-division multiple access) systems in dispersive MIMO (multiple input and multiple output) channels. The proposed method was based on the AP method with training sequences. It is shown that both the mean squared error of channel estimation and the bit error probability can be improved via rank order selection. The optimal performance can be achieved using the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT).
The Epidemiology of Physical Activity and Cancer

: Experimental studies in animals and epidemiological studies in human populations support an inverse association between exercise and the development of cancer. Physical activity has been shown to be protective against the development of breast and colon cancer and may also be important for other kinds of cancer such as that of the prostate. The proposed biological mechanisms for the physical activity–cancer association include exercise's effect on immune function, transit time of digestion, hormones, and body fat. There has been little research on physical activity and the effect on progression of cancer, although there are studies to suggest that it may slow the clinical course of the disease. Furthermore, exercise may be beneficial in the treatment of cancer through mood elevation, decreased loss of lean tissue, and increased quality of life. Much is still to be learned about the effect of exercise on cancer. The intensity, duration, frequency, and type of exercise that is relevant need to be clarified. As well, the time period during life when exercise is important has not been determined. It seems reasonable to conclude that exercise, a modifiable risk factor, is beneficial in preventing certain forms of cancer. Public health interventions may hold promise for cancer prevention.
Main pulmonary artery distention: A potential mechanism for acute pulmonary hypertension in the human newborn infant

Balloon-induced distention of the main pulmonary artery causes acute pulmonary hypertension and reflex pulmonary vasoconstriction in animals. Pulmonary artery pressure responses caused by MPA balloon inflation were measured in ten human newborn infants with cardiac failure (n=5) or persistent fetal circulation (n=5). During balloon inflation distal mean PAP increased significantly while cardiac rate remained unchanged. MPA distention caused greater increases of PAP in those infants with lower resting PAP. The greatest balloon-induced increases of PAP were observed in infants recovering from PFC. The existence of a pulmonary artery stretch reflex and its possible role in the regulation of the human fetal and neonatal pulmonary circulation is discussed.
A PSALM 78 Perspective on Education

The Christian community worldwide lives in high ambiguity regarding the questionable appropriateness of Christian children and children of Christians attending secular educational institutions. To ...
Improving Children’s Menus in Community Restaurants: Best Food for Families, Infants, and Toddlers (Best Food FITS) Intervention, South Central Texas, 2010–2014

Background Approximately 32% of US children are overweight or obese. Restaurant and fast food meals contribute 18% of daily calories for children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years. Changing children's menus may improve their diets. This case study describes Best Food for Families, Infants, and Toddlers (Best Food FITS), a community-based intervention designed to address childhood obesity. The objective of this study was to improve San Marcos children's access to healthy diets through partnerships with local restaurants, removing sugar-sweetened beverages, decreasing the number of energy-dense entrees, and increasing fruit and vegetable offerings on restaurant menus. Community context San Marcos, Texas, the fastest growing US city, has more restaurants and fewer grocery stores than other Texas cities. San Marcos's population is diverse; 37.8% of residents and 70.3% of children are Hispanic. Overweight and obesity rates among school children exceed 50%; 40.3% of children live below the poverty level. Methods This project received funding from the Texas Department of State Health Services Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity Prevention Program to develop Best Food FITS. The case study consisted of developing a brand, engaging community stakeholders, reviewing existing children's menus in local restaurants, administering owner-manager surveys, collaborating with restaurants to improve menus, and assessing the process and outcomes of the intervention. Outcome Best Food FITS regularly participated in citywide health events and funded the construction of a teaching kitchen in a new community building where regular nutrition classes are held. Sixteen independent restaurants and 1 chain restaurant implemented new menus. Interpretation Improving menus in restaurants can be a simple step toward changing children's food habits. The approach taken in this case study can be adapted to other communities. Minimal funding would be needed to facilitate development of promotional items to support brand recognition.
RADIATION DAMAGE TO THE CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE OF A GLASS-FORMING CHALCOGENIDE.

Abstract Crystalline samples of a glass-forming chalcogenide, As0.50Te0.12 Ge0.08, have been irradiated by fast neutrons to the fluence of 3.4 × 1018 n/cm−2 (E > 1 MeV) at 83°K. X-ray diffraction examination indicates that such irradiation substantially destroys the crystalline structure. A recovery process was observed to occur at room temperature. However, 270 days after irradiation, the originally crystalline structure still remained severely damaged. The material appears to be more susceptible to radiation damage than other solids at low temperatures.
Clinical quality guaranteed physiological data compression in mobile health monitoring

Data compression is essential for continuously collected physiological signals in mobile health monitoring applications in order to prolong battery lifetime and reduce transmission costs. Transformation-based compression techniques have been widely used due to their high compression ratio; however, distortion caused during compression process degrades clinical quality of decompressed signals. In this paper, we propose a simple method called "Critical Markers" method that is based on detection of peaks and valleys in the original signal. When used in conjunction with existing transformation-based compression methods, the critical markers corrects the distortions without compromising the fidelity of the compressed output. The critical markers can also be used standalone to replace existing compression methods in certain types of diagnosis, thus reducing line and processor overhead. We have implemented the proposed method on a smartphone and have tested it with real ECG and PPG data sets. The experimental results confirm that our method maintains high compression performance while also guaranteeing high clinical quality.
The Author Challenge: Identification of Self in the Scholarly Literature

Considering the expansion of research output across the globe, along with the growing demand for quantitative tracking of research outcomes by government authorities and research institutions, the challenges of author identity are increasing. In recent years, a number of initiatives to help solve the author “name game” have been launched from all areas of the scholarly information market space. This article introduces the various author identification tools and services Thomson Reuters provides, including Distinct Author Sets and ResearcherID—which reflect a combination of automated clustering and author participation—as well as the use of other data types, such as grants and patents, to expand the universe of author identification. Industry-wide initiatives such as the Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID) are also described. Future author-related developments in ResearcherID and Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge are also included.
Extraction of Protective Components of Rickettsia rickettsii with n-Octyl-β-d-Glucopyranoside

Two Rickettsia rickettsii proteins, with apparent molecular masses of 120 and 155 kilodaltons, have been implicated as important antigens in immunity to Rocky Mountain spotted fever. An n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside-soluble fraction of R. rickettsii was found to be enriched for these proteins along with others. Vaccination of mice with the detergent-soluble fraction protected them against death caused by R. rickettsii and protected guinea pigs from developing Rocky Mountain spotted fever after being challenged with viable R. rickettsii.
A Model of the Thermodynamic Structure of the Trade-Wind Boundary Layer: Part II. Applications

Abstract Several applications of a simple layered model of the temperature and moisture structure of the trade-wind boundary layer are considered. The formation of the trade inversion in the wake of disturbed conditions is simulated. This simulation indicates that the observed thermodynamic structure can easily evolve from a shallow mixed layer in less than 24 h. The growth rate of the depth of the boundary layer is shown to be most sensitive to parameters which directly influence the surface fluxes of heat and moisture. Steady-state model results are compared to the boundary-layer structure observed during the 1969 Atlantic Trade-Wind Experiment (ATEX). The predicted structure is slightly warmer and more moist than the observed structure. These differences are largely eliminated if the variation of the model structure following a surface air trajectory is predicted. The effect of a diurnally varying radiative heating and divergence on the height of the inversion is evaluated. These model results are comp...
Functional Differences of Unbound and Weakly Bound Xb States in the Cardiac Myofilament

Background: Ca2+ and cross-bridges are involved the activation and deactivation of the cardiac actin filament. The actin filament is decorated with a repeating lattice of Tn and Tm. The affinity of rhodamine-phalloidin for actin is sensitive to the twist of f-actin.Experimental design: (1) Murine cardiac myofibrils were incubated with an excess of dye-labeled cTn under conditions that favor strongly bound (no nucleotide, ADP, ADP + blebbistatin), weakly bound (ADP + Pi, ADP + Pi + blebbistatin), or unbound (ATP, ATP-γ-S) myosin. (2) Rigor and ATP-saturated myofibrils were stained with rhodamine-phalloidin. Samples were immunostained for α-actinin examined by epifluorescence.Results: Strongly-bound and weakly-bound myosin promotes cTn exchange near the z-disc. Unbound myosin promotes cTn exchange near the M-line. The site of cTn exchange correlated with phalloidin binding.Conclusions: The native actin filament exhibits region-dependent stability subject to filament-wide perturbation by strongly-bound and weakly-bound myosin motors.Significance: The native cardiac actin filament has unique functional properties not present in solution studies.
Then and now: Perspectives on the status of elementary reading instruction by prominent reading educators.

This study queried members of the Reading Hall of Fame about elementary school reading instruction. Results from closed and open items revealed three major themes: (a) a neo-traditional view toward the teaching and learning of reading; (b) frustration with the fadism and ideological debates in the field; and (c) the necessity of enhancing teacher knowldge at the university and in public school settings. The perspectives of Reading Hall of Fame members of today were then compared to those of prominent reading educators of the past (Morrison, 1963), revealing both similarities and differences in the evaluation of elementary reading education then and now.
Calibration of Circular Dichrometers in the Visible Region

Abstract The cesium salt of R, R-(-)-trans-l, 2-cyclohexane-diaminetetraacetatocobaltate(III), Δ-(+)546-Cs[Co(R, R(-)-CDTA)], Δ-Cs[Co(R, R(-)CDTA)]), provides a compound which can be used for calibration of circular dichrometers in the visible region. Δ-Cs[Co(R, R(-)CDTA)] has three major circular dichroism (CD) maxima at 593 nm, 527 nm, and 240 nm. The molecular ellipticities, [θ], at 593 nm, 527 nm, and 240 nm are -4490 ± 40, 5720 ± 40, and -47, 900 ± 300 deg cm2 dmol−1, respectively. The CD maxima in terms of Δ∊ at 593, 527, and 240 nm are -1.36 ± 0.01, 1.73 ± 0.01, and -14.5 ± 0.1 l cm−1 mol−1, respectively. Optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) and ultraviolet-visible absorption data has also been obtained for this compound.
Survival on Dialysis Therapy: One Center’s Experience

ABSTRACT Patient survival while undergoing renal replacement therapy was evaluated from January 1, 1967, through June 15, 1986. There were 1,216 patients, of which 230 were treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), 150 by home hemodialysis (HHD), and the remainder by dialysis in a free-standing dialysis facility (LCD). Covariate analysis found that patient survival on dialysis therapy was not influenced by race, sex, or marital Status. Patients more than 60 years of age and patients with renal failure secondary to diabetes mellitus or hypertension had the worst survival on dialysis. Patients entering into CAPD were associated with diminished survival when compared to HHD but not to LCD. The ability of the initial dialysis technique to maintain a person on dialysis was not different when patients were matched for age, race, and etiology of renal failure. Only a randomized prospective trial will answer the question as to whether continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis can maintain a patient at home as long as home hemodialysis.
Microwave-Assisted Sample Treatment in a Fully Automated Flow-Based Instrument: Oxidation of Reduced Technetium Species in the Analysis of Total Technetium-99 in Caustic Aged Nuclear Waste Samples

An automated flow-based instrument for microwave-assisted treatment of liquid samples has been developed and characterized. The instrument utilizes a flow-through reaction vessel design that facilitates the addition of multiple reagents during sample treatment and removal of the gaseous reaction products and enables quantitative removal of liquids from the reaction vessel for carryover-free operations. Matrix modification and speciation control chemistries that are required for the radiochemical determination of total (99)Tc in caustic aged nuclear waste samples have been investigated. A rapid and quantitative oxidation procedure using peroxydisulfate in acidic solution was developed to convert reduced technetium species to pertechnetate in samples with high content of reducing organics. The effectiveness of the automated sample treatment procedures has been validated in the radiochemical analysis of total (99)Tc in caustic aged nuclear waste matrixes from the Hanford site.
Emergency department thoracotomy.

The charts of 33 consecutive patients undergoing emergency department thoracotomies between July 1, 1979 and June 30, 1980 were reviewed. Thoracotomies were performed in victims of both blunt and penetrating trauma who had suffered cardiopulmonary arrest and were refractory to the usual methods of resuscitation. Overall survival was 12.1% (4/33). There were no survivors from blunt trauma or penetrating wounds below the diaphragm. In patients with penetrating wounds above the diaphragm, emergency thoracotomy may be of considerable benefit as demonstrated in our study by a 66.6% salvage rate.
Real-time processing of gender-marked articles by native and non-native Spanish speakers

Abstract Three experiments using online-processing measures explored whether native and non-native Spanish-speaking adults use gender-marked articles to identify referents of target nouns more rapidly, as shown previously with 3-year-old children learning Spanish as L1 ( Lew-Williams & Fernald, 2007 ). In Experiment 1, participants viewed familiar objects with names of either the same or different grammatical gender while listening to Spanish sentences referring to one object. L1 adults, like L1 children, oriented to the target more rapidly on different-gender trials, when the article was informative about noun identity; however, L2 adults did not. Experiments 2 and 3 controlled for frequency of exposure to article–noun pairs by using novel nouns. L2 adults could not exploit gender information when different article–noun pairs were used in teaching and testing. Experience-related factors may influence how L1 adults and children and L2 adults—who learned Spanish at different ages and in different settings—use grammatical gender in real-time processing.
Pulmonary arterial impedance after single lung transplantation.

Abstract Single lung transplantation (SLT) is emerging as definitive therapy for end-stage pulmonary disease of varying etiology, yet a complete description of the hemodynamic properties of the transplanted lung has not been reported. In this study, Fourier analysis was used to calculate the pulmonary arterial (PA) impedance spectrum before and immediately after SLT to define precisely the pulmonary pressure-flow relationship. Median sternotomies were performed in 18 dogs (donors): an ultrasonic flow probe was placed around the PA and micromanometers were placed in the PA and left atrium (LA). Control PA pressure and flow (PAQ) and LA pressure were measured during transient occlusion of the right PA. The lungs were harvested using cold modified Euro-Collins solution for preservation. After thoracotomy and pneumonectomy, left SLT was performed in 18 recipient dogs with a mean ischemic time of 179 ± 6 min. After reperfusion for 1 hr, PA pressure and flow data were again collected. Characteristic impedance (Z0), a measure of resistance to pulsatile flow, was compared to input resistance (Rin), a measure of resistance to mean flow, and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), the conventional index. Rin is defined as the zeroth harmonic of the impedance spectrum and Z0 as the mean of impedance moduli from 2–12 Hz. All recipients survived transplantation. Both PVR and Rin increased significantly after transplantation (11 ± 1 vs 19 ± 3 Wood U, P
PS-b-PAA as a high χ polymer for directed self-assembly: a study of solvent and thermal annealing processes for PS-b-PAA

Poly(styrene)-b-poly(acrylic acid) copolymers (PS-b-PAA) was shown to be one promising material for achieving substantially smaller pitch patterns than PS-b-PMMA while still retaining high etch contrast and application for chemoepitaxy. Phase separation of acetone vapor annealed PS-b-PAA ( Mw =16,000 g/mol with 50:50 volume ratio of PS: PAA) on PS brush achieved a lamellar morphology with a pattern pitch size (L 0 ) of 30 nm. However the thermal annealing of the same PS-b-PAA generated a dramatically larger pitch size of 43 nm. SEM and GPC analysis revealed that the intermolecular crosslinking during thermal annealing process has increased the effective N (degree of polymerization), which suggests that even a small amount of crosslinking would lead to big pitch change. Thus, PS-b-PAA is not suitable for fast thermal annealing process as it loses pitch size control due to PAA crosslinking.
2-descent for second order linear differential equations

Let L be a second order linear ordinary differential equation with coefficients in C(x). The goal in this paper is to reduce L to an equation that is easier to solve. The starting point is an irreducible L, of order two, and the goal is to decide if L is projectively equivalent to another equation L that is defined over a subfield C(f) of C(x).This paper treats the case of 2-descent, which means reduction to a subfield with index [C(x):C(f)]=2. Although the mathematics has already been treated in other papers, a complete implementation could not be given because it involved a step for which we do not have a complete implementation. The contribution of this paper is to give an approach that is fully implementable. Examples illustrate that this algorithm is very useful for finding closed form solutions (2-descent, if it exists, reduces the number of true singularities from n to at most n/2 + 2).
Isolation and identification of mutagenic nitro-pah in diesel-exhaust particulates

Abstract More than 50 nitro-PAH have been tentatively identified in an extract of diesel-exhaust particulates. Identifications are based on high-resolution mass spectrometry of directly mutagenic fractions derived from sequential fractionation of the extract by both low- and high-resolution liquid chromatography. The diversity of nitro-PAH tentatively identified suggests that large numbers of such compounds are formed during or following the combustion process.
Hurricane imaging radiometer wind speed and rain rate retrieval: Part-2. Analysis of retrieval accuracy

This paper describes the end-to-end simulation of the new HIRAD, which will provide improved hurricane surveillance. This paper (part-2 of 2) evaluates the HIRAD instrument performance in retrieving hurricane-force wind speeds in the presence of intense rain. Examples of retrieved hurricane wind speed and rain rate images are presented, and comparisons of the retrieved parameters with the MM5 numerical hurricane model data are made. Statistical results are presented over a broad range of wind and rain conditions over the full measurement swath.
A Comparative Analysis of the Corporal Punishment of Children: An Exploration of Human Rights and U.S. Law

Using a comparative perspective, this paper explores two approaches to child/adult relationships and the practice of corporal punishment: a human rights perspective and a traditional perspective reflected in U.S. law. Source material for our analysis draws on statutes, court decisions, and human rights conventions relating to the status of children and corporal punishment. Legislation and case law reflecting each perspective are presented and analyzed. Discussions of the nature of and reasons for differences include: the absence of human rights principles as a touchstone for U.S. law, the avoidance of linking corporal punishment and violence in the law, and the persistence of a colonial model of child/adult relationships structured around adult dominance and control of children. In contrast, a human rights model has at its core the human dignity of the child. This approach extends human rights to children and discourages corporal punishment and oppressive relationships between adults and children. Finally...
Expression profiles of multiple genes in single neurons of Alzheimer's disease

Many changes have been described in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, including loss of neurons and formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The molecular mechanisms underlying these pathologies are unclear. Northern blot, dot-blot, and reverse transcription-coupled PCR analyses have demonstrated altered expression levels of multiple messages in AD brain. Because not all cells are equally affected by the disease, these methods obviously cannot study the changes in relation to disease states of individual cells. We address this problem by using antisense RNA profiling of single cells. We present expression profiles of single neurons at early and late stages of AD and describe statistical tools for data analysis. With multivariate canonical analysis, we were able to distinguish the disease state on the basis of altered expression of multiple messages. To validate this approach, we compared results obtained by this approach with results obtained by in situ hybridization analysis. When the neurofilament medium subunit was used as a marker, our results from an antisense RNA profiling revealed no change in neurofilament medium subunit expression between early- and late-stage AD, consistent with findings obtained with in situ hybridization. However, our results obtained by either analysis at the single-cell level differed from the reported decrease in AD neocortex obtained by Northern blot analysis [Kittur, S., Hoh, J., Endo, H., Tourtellotte, W., Weeks, B. S., Markesbery, W. & Adler, W. (1994) J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol. 7, 153–158]. Thus, the strategy of using the single-cell antisense RNA approach to identify altered gene expression in postmortem AD brain, followed by detailed in situ hybridization studies for genes of interest, is valuable in the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying AD neuropathology.
Development and characterization of taste masked Efavirenz pellets utilizing hot melt extrusion

The objective of this study was to formulate taste-masked pellets of Efavirenz (EFZ) with Eudragit E PO as the matrix polymer utilizing hot melt extrusion (HME) technology. The drug/polymer physical mixtures were extruded as rods with a co-rotating twin-screw extruder and then pelletized. The chemical interaction between EFZ and Eudragit E PO was determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Solid-state characterization of EFZ in the Eudragit E PO matrix was carried out using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The solubility of EFZ was improved significantly due to its conversion into a more water-soluble amorphous form. Drug load had a significant effect on EFZ release characteristics from the pellets. In vitro release profiles obtained with the extruded pellets at pH 6.8 (simulated salivary medium) indicated that EFZ release would be extremely limited in the saliva, unlike the physical mixture, thus avoiding irritation of the oral mucosa (BMS, burning mouth syndrome). More than 90% drug release in 30minutes was observed in simulated gastric medium (pH 1.2) with the extruded pellets. The dissolution rate of EFZ from the melt extruded pellets was faster than that from thephysical mixtures at all drug loads (p
Characterization of spectral correlation detector statistics useful in transient detection

The statistics of a class of transient signal detectors known as spectral correlative detectors (SCD) are investigated. Rather than use asymptotic statistics, which are not valid for the short sample sizes typically encountered in transient detection, finite sample statistics are developed. In particular, for the case of no frequency averaging, the statistics are characterized in terms of a magnitude-of-complex-Wishart (MOCW) density function, and a noncentral-MOCW (NMOCW) density function under the condition that the transient signal is absent and present, respectively. Subsequently, the statistics of the SCD for various coherent and incoherent averaging lengths are characterized in an analogous fashion. Finally some experimental verification of these densities is presented.
Diagnosis of pre-type I diabetes.

Islet cell antibodies were found in 71 of 1169 first-degree relatives (6.1%) from448 familles who had a proband with type I diabetes. Seven children have since become insulin dependent. All had islet cell antibodies and were followed up prospectively with measurement of first-phase insulin production during intravenous glucose folerance testing. In this group the statistical probability of developing type I diabetes within 12 months with 95% confidence was found to be 59% to 100% when the first-phase insulin secretion was
Corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in human pituitary gland: autoradiographic localization.

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors were localized in the human pituitary gland by an in vitro labeling light microscopic autoradiographic technique using an 125I-labeled analog
Electrochemical characterization of carbon nanotube forests grown on copper foil using transition metal catalysts

Abstract Growth of vertical, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on bulk copper foil substrates can be achieved by sputtering either Ni or Inconel thin films on Cu substrates followed by thermal chemical vapor deposition using a xylene and ferrocene mixture. During CVD growth, Fe nanoparticles from the ferrocene act as a vapor phase delivered catalyst in addition to the transition metal thin film, which breaks up into islands. Both the thin film and iron are needed for dense and uniform growth of CNTs on the copper substrates. The benefits of this relatively simple and cost effective method of directly integrating CNTs with highly conductive copper substrates are the resulting high density of nanotubes that do not require the use of additional binders and the potential for low contact resistance between the nanotubes and the substrate. This method is therefore of interest for charge storage applications such as double layer capacitors. Inconel thin films in conjunction with Fe from ferrocene appear to work better in comparison to Ni thin films in terms of CNT density and charge storage capability. We report here the power density and specific capacitance values of the double layer capacitors developed from the CNTs grown directly on copper substrates.
A Model Study of the Thermal Evolution of Astrophysical Ices

We address the question of the evolution of ices that have been exposed to radiation from stellar sources and cosmic rays. We studied in the laboratory the thermal evolution of a model ice sample: a mixture of water, hydrogen peroxide, dioxygen, and ozone produced by irradiating solid H2O2 with 50 keV H(+) at 17 K. The changes in composition and release of volatiles during warming to 200 K were monitored by infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and microbalance techniques. We find evidence for voids in the water component from the infrared bands due to dangling H bonds. The absorption from these bands increases during heating and can be observed at temperatures as high as approx. 155 K. More O2 is stored in the radiolyzed film than can be retained by codeposition of O2 and H2O. This O2 remains trapped until approx. 155 K, where it desorbs in an outburst as water ice crystallizes. Warming of the ice also drastically decreases the intrinsic absorbance of O2 by annealing defects in the ice. We also observe loss of O3 in two stages during heating, which correlates with desorption and possibly chemical reactions with radicals stored in the ice, triggered by the temperature increase.
Street Vendors, Television Extras, Walmart Stockers, and More Worker Subjectivity and Labor Processes in Atypical Work

This essay reviews Enrique de la Garza Toledo’s anthology on atypical work, titled Trabajo no clasico, organizacion y accion colectiva (Vols. 1 & 2) and situates it within the larger tradition of Latin American sociology of work. It argues that the anthology merges an emphasis on labor processes in a specific industry with an attention to the subjectivities and relationships that support worker agency and labor movements. Moreover, it posits that the rich case studies on atypical work in a wide spectrum of settings in Mexico City that are included in these two volumes provide grounded material for meso-level theorizing about the factors that shape atypical work and the ways that workers in those jobs respond to them.
Metabolic adaptations during lactogenesis. Fatty acid synthesis in rabbit mammary tissue during pregnancy and lactation

1. Mammary tissue was obtained from rabbits at various stages of pregnancy and lactation and used for tissue-slice incubations (to measure the rate of fatty acid synthesis and CO2 production) and to determine relevant enzymic activities. A biphasic adaptation in fatty acid synthetic capacity during lactogenesis was noted. 2. The first lactogenic response occurred between day 15 and 24 of pregnancy. Over this period fatty acid synthesis (from acetate) increased 14-fold and the proportions of fatty acids synthesized changed to those characteristic of milk fat (77–86% as C8:0+C10:0 acids). 3. The second lactogenic response occurred post partum as indicated by increased rates of fatty acid synthesis and CO2 production (from acetate and glucose) and increased enzymic activities. 4. Major increases in enzymic activities between mid-pregnancy and lactation were noted for ATP citrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.8), acetyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2), fatty acid synthetase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44). Smaller increases in activity occurred with glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8) and NADP+–isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42) and the activity of NADP+–malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.40) was negligible at all periods tested. 5. During pregnancy and lactation there was a close temporal relationship between fatty acid synthetic capacity and the activities of ATP citrate lyase (r=0.94) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (r=0.90).
Analysis of wild-type and mutant aspartate aminotransferases using integrated rate equations

Abstract A general integrated rate equation was fit to reaction progress curves catalyzed by wild-type E. coli aspartate aminotransferase and the site-specific mutant enzymes, H193Q and Y70F. A nonlinear step-regression code, revised for this study selected from all kinetic constants in a general integrated rate equation for all unbranched enzyme mechanisms with stoichiometries upto two substrates and two products including terms for substrate inhibitions and that of an exogenous inhibitor. For each aspartate aminotransferase enzyme studied only kinetic constants consistent with a substituted enzyme mechanism were found statistically significant, thus the enzyme mechanism and sources of inhibition were determined objectively by statistics. The kinetic constants for wild-type and Y70F aspartate aminotransferase were similar to those previously reported indicating the validity of the integrated rate equation analysis. Minor changes in kinetic constants were observed for the H193Q mutant enzyme suggesting that the catalytic effects of the electrostatic hydrogen bonding network extending from the pyridine nitrogen of the cofactor through Asp-222, His-143, and His-189 ends prior to His-193.
Resolution of Unique Sca-1highc-Kit− Lymphoid-Biased Progenitors in Adult Bone Marrow

We have identified a distinctive lymphoid-restricted progenitor population in adult mouse bone marrow based on a unique c-Kit(-)Sca-1(high)Flt3(+) AA4(+) surface phenotype. These cells are highly lymphoid biased and rapidly generate B and T cells after adoptive transfer. However, whereas previously described lymphoid progenitors such as common lymphoid progenitors express TdT and relatively high levels of RAG2, and are enriched for cells with an active V(D)J recombinase, Flt3(+) AA4(+) cells within the c-Kit(-)Sca-1(high) bone marrow fraction are TdT(-), are RAG2(low), and do not display evidence for ongoing or past recombinase activity. Furthermore, unlike common lymphoid progenitors that readily generate B cells upon stimulation with IL-7, c-Kit(-)Sca-1(high)Flt3(+) precursors do not express abundant levels of the IL-7R, and require costimulation with Flt3 ligand and IL-7 to generate B cells in vitro. Moreover, these findings suggest that hematopoietic stem cells in adults generate an array of lymphoid-biased progenitor populations characterized by distinct gene expression and cytokine response profiles.
A small surface hydrophobic stripe in the coiled-coil domain of type I keratins mediates tetramer stability.

Intermediate filaments (IFs) are fibrous polymers encoded by a large family of differentially expressed genes that provide crucial structural support in the cytoplasm and nucleus in higher eukaryotes. The mechanisms involved in bringing together ∼16 elongated coiled-coil dimers to form an IF are poorly defined. Available evidence suggests that tetramer subunits play a key role during IF assembly and regulation. Through molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis, we document a hitherto unnoticed hydrophobic stripe exposed at the surface of coiled-coil keratin heterodimers that contributes to the extraordinary stability of heterotetramers. The inability of K16 to form urea-stable tetramers in vitro correlates with an increase in its turnover rate in vivo. The data presented support a specific conformation for the assembly competent IF tetramer, provide a molecular basis for their differential stability in vitro, and point to the physiological relevance associated with this property in vivo.
Contamination Flashover Performance of Insulators for UHV

The results of contamination tests performed on suspension insulators and posts in a fog chamber at 60 Hz voltages up to 1450/ 13 kV are reported. Data are presented on the flashover voltage of single standard and antifog insulator strings as long as 11.5m. The influence of adjacent insulators on contamination performance is shown by tests made on a quadruple string. For post insulators, the effects of diameter on the insulation strength are explored. The indoor data are supplemented by outdoor results for an artificially contaminated test line Vee-string exposed to natural wetting conditions.
Sepsis due to fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate needle biopsy.

Objectives To report a series of patients with sepsis due to fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli after prostate needle biopsy across 4 hospitals in southern California. Methods Five patients presented with fever and blood cultures positive for fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli after prostate needle biopsy with pre-procedure fluoroquinolone antimicrobial prophylaxis. The cases are described and the published data reviewed. Results Of the 5 patients, 1 was treated at Hoag Memorial Hospital in 2008, 2 were treated at the Long Beach Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1 was treated at Kaiser Permanente Hospital in 2007, and 1 presented to University of California, Irvine, Medical Center in 2006. All patients received an oral fluoroquinolone antibiotic the morning of or 1 hour before biopsy. Of the 5 patients, 4 also received gentamicin intramuscularly before biopsy. Conclusions The estimated incidence of sepsis was 0.1%-0.9%, assuming patients reported to the hospital at which the biopsy was performed. From a review of the published data, we recommend a fluoroquinolone antibiotic before and after biopsy for ≤24 hours. From our findings, if the patient has taken a fluoroquinolone antibiotic in the past 8 months, a second- or third-generation cephalosporin should be used or an aminoglycoside (1.5-2 mg/kg intramuscularly) with metronidazole or clindamycin. A carbapenem should be substituted if the patient has a history of infections with extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers. Cases of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli should be tracked in a nationalized database.
Invited Commentary---The Implications of “Big M” Marketing for Modeling Service and Relationships

Rust and Chung (2006) provide an excellent integration and assessment of current models of service and relationships, as well as a thought-provoking agenda for future research. In this brief essay, I identify some challenges, opportunities, and priorities for improving models of service and relationships. Rust and Chung (2006) integrate two distinctive streams of research—models of service and relationships—that are rapidly converging. This convergence is noteworthy because it reflects a shift in the content and boundaries of the marketing discipline, as exemplified by the new definition of marketing recently adopted by the American Marketing Association:
Toward an optimal supervised classifier for the analysis of hyperspectral data

In this paper, we propose a supervised classifier based on implementation of the Bayes rule with kernels. The proposed technique first proposes an implicit nonlinear transformation of the data into a feature space seeking to fit normal distributions having a common covariance matrix onto the mapped data. One requirement of this approach is the evaluation of posterior probabilities. We express the discriminant function in dot-product form, and then apply the kernel concept to efficiently evaluate the posterior probabilities. The proposed technique gives the flexibility required to model complex data structures that originate from a wide range of class-conditional distributions. Although we end up with piecewise linear decision boundaries in the feature space, these corresponds to powerful nonlinear boundaries in the original input space. For the data we considered, we have obtained some encouraging results.
Screening program effectiveness

During the last ten to fifteen years, active and passive device screening has received considerable discussion. The literature contains well over 100 papers dealing with various aspects of part screening and the cost effectiveness of such programs. Although these reports are generally favorable toward the decision to utilize some type of 100-percent testing beyond the manufacturers normal end-of-line testing, most commercial systems and some military systems are routinely assembled using unscreened parts. From this it appears that management's decision variables must differ substantially from those discussed in the various pro-sereening papers. This paper attempts to provide a general means of evaluating a screening program's effectiveness which utilizes terminology appropriate to product management decisions. Any systematic evaluation should provide guidance relative to three areas of concern. 1) Should device screening be imposed for product X? 2) If so, which screens should be used? 3) How can we keep the program dynamic and sensitive to the changing technology? A benefit/cost model utilizes information developed by marketing, manufacturing, and reliability engineering to estimate the total impact of a screening program and provides a quantitative basis for decision making.
Bulimia in male patients

Abstract Bulimia is not exclusively a disorder of women. Twelve men with bulimia were evaluated and found to have demographic variables and eating behaviors similar to those of female bulimia patients. Eleven of the 12 men were binge eating more than once a day, and ten of the 12 also self-induced vomiting on a regular basis. Three patients had initiated bulimic behavior in association with athletic training. Eight patients followed through with treatment referrals and responded favorably to therapy.
Weighing the Consequences: Self-Disclosure of HIV-Positive Status Among African American Injection Drug Users

Theorists posit that personal decisions to disclose being HIV positive are made based on the perceived consequences of that disclosure. This study examines the perceived costs and benefits of self-disclosure among African American injection drug users (IDUs). A total of 80 African American IDUs were interviewed in-depth subsequent to testing HIV positive. Participants reported that interpersonal costs of self-disclosure included stigma, loss of sexual/romantic partners, emotional harming of family/friends, shattering of privacy, physical isolation, blame, and loss of income. The benefits of disclosure included social support, emotional catharsis, and income. Four factors that help to tip the scales in either direction were identified. Study findings have implications for the delivery of counseling, testing, and partner notification services to African American IDUs living with HIV.
Nod2 Suppresses Borrelia burgdorferi Mediated Murine Lyme Arthritis and Carditis through the Induction of Tolerance

The internalization of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, by phagocytes is essential for an effective activation of the immune response to this pathogen. The intracellular, cytosolic receptor Nod2 has been shown to play varying roles in either enhancing or attenuating inflammation in response to different infectious agents. We examined the role of Nod2 in responses to B. burgdorferi. In vitro stimulation of Nod2 deficient bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) resulted in decreased induction of multiple cytokines, interferons and interferon regulated genes compared with wild-type cells. However, B. burgdorferi infection of Nod2 deficient mice resulted in increased rather than decreased arthritis and carditis compared to control mice. We explored multiple potential mechanisms for the paradoxical response in in vivo versus in vitro systems and found that prolonged stimulation with a Nod2 ligand, muramyl dipeptide (MDP), resulted in tolerance to stimulation by B. burgdorferi. This tolerance was lost with stimulation of Nod2 deficient cells that cannot respond to MDP. Cytokine patterns in the tolerance model closely paralleled cytokine profiles in infected Nod2 deficient mice. We propose a model where Nod2 has an enhancing role in activating inflammation in early infection, but moderates inflammation after prolonged exposure to the organism through induction of tolerance.