cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Basic Principles and Liquid State Spectroscopy

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is an analytical technique for measuring changes in the mass of a material that occur in response to programmed temperature changes. The changes in the mass can be caused by a variety processes such as decomposition, degradation, sublimation, vaporization, adsorption, desorption, oxidation, and reduction. The article explains the principles of TGA and practical aspects of the method that include description of the apparatus, discussion of experimental variables, and applications. Among practical applications, a particular attention is paid to determining composition and thermal stability of materials, evaluating the kinetics of thermally stimulated processes, predicting lifetimes, and studying reactions of materials with gases. The article also addresses the issues of sample preparation as well as of basic analysis and interpretation of data. A special consideration is given to the sources of errors in the mass and temperature measurements as well as to the methods of calibrating both values. Keywords: composition; gases; heat; liquids; mass; solids; stability; temperature
Novel method to automatically identify medial node correspondences between two images

ABSTRACT Many modern forms of segmentation and registration require manual input, making them tedious and time-consuming processes. There have been some successes with automating these methods, but these tend to be unreliable due to inherent variations in anatomical shapes and image quality. It is toward this goal that we have developed methods of identifying correspondences in two images between medial nodes; image features related to anatomical structures. Medial based image features are used because they have proven robust against image noise and shape variation, and provide rotationally invariant properties of dimensionality and scale, while preserving orientation information independently. We have introduced several novel metrics for comparing the medial and geometric relationships between medial nodes and different cliques of medial nodes (a clique is a set of multiple medial nodes). These metrics overcome problems introduced by symmetry between cliques and provide increasing discriminability with the size of the clique. In this paper, we demonstrate medial-based correspondences and validate their specificity with standard Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis. It is believed that our method of locating corresponding medial features may be useful for automatically locating anatomical structures or generating landmarks for registration. Keywords: medial node cliques, medial-based correspondence, core atom, ROC analysis
Scaling, subthreshold, and leakage current matching characteristics in high-temperature (25 degrees C-250 degrees C) VLSI CMOS devices

The effects of CMOS technology scaling on the high-temperature (25-250 degrees C) characteristics of the threshold voltage, the channel mobility, and drain and source-to-body leakage currents are presented. Three versions (6-, 4-, and 2- mu m minimum feature length) of a standard CMOS process optimized for digital circuit applications, and a 4- mu m version of the same process optimized for analog circuit applications are compared with respect to the aforementioned parameters. The temperature-induced trends are qualitatively similar for the four technologies. A dramatic increase in the subthreshold parameter is observed above 150 degrees C in the analog process, which is consistent with the previously reported onset of diffusion-leakage currents near this temperature. Detailed leakage-current matching measurements are shown to lead to severe resolution-speed tradeoffs in the design of sampled data circuits operated at elevated temperatures. A simple capacitor switched by a CMOS transmission gate is used to illustrate the latter considerations. Silicon CMOS technologies built on low-resistance epitaxial layers, combined with gold-based metallizations, are found to be the most promising among existing technologies for applications up to 250 degrees C. Specific needs for further research on the severe-environment behavior of state-of-the-art and emerging technologies are discussed. >
The development of the USDA estimates of the cost of raising a child

Four issues fundamental to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) approach to the development of estimates of the cost of raising a child are identified. The USDA resolution of conceptual and procedural problems is discussed in the context of other approaches to standard budget and child cost research. Finally, the USDA procedures are illustrated by a detailed description of the development of the most recent USDA estimates of the annual and total costs of raising farm children from birth to age eighteen. These estimates, updated to 1980 annual average price levels, are presented.
Why Are Human Subjects Less Concerned About Ethically Problematic Research Than Human Subjects Committees?1

Factors affecting judgments of the ethical acceptability of research practices are investigated. The major focus is on two variables affecting information processing-labeling and salience. In addition, the effect of role on judgments is also examined. Participants were 204 introductory psychology students. Each reacted to a brief description of Asch's conformity study either from the viewpoint of a potential subject or from that of a member of a Human Subjects Committee. Each subject read either a basic description of the Asch experiment, a description with parenthetical labels inserted, or the basic version plus an addendum noting those aspects of the procedure that involved deception or stress, and specifying that debriefing would occur. Significant differences due to versions occurred on two of six questions: “Should this experiment be permitted?” and “Is the deception justified by the scientific purpose of the experiment?” As expected, judgments were less favorable in response to the label and addendum versions. The effect of labeling and salience on judgment are discussed, and the implications of the results for Human Subjects Committees are pointed out.
EFFECT OF AGE AND ANATOMICAL LOCATION ON COMPOSITION OF BOVINE BONE

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, plus rib and femur bones were removed from 13 bovine of a wide age range (89–2783 days) to elucidate changes in bone composition as a function of age and anatomical location. Percent dry matter, ash, calcium and phosphorus increased with age while nitrogen and sulfur decreased. The calcium/phosphorus ratio remained relatively constant during growth. Dry matter, ash, calcium and phosphorus percentages increased from the anterior to the posterior of the vertebral column, while sulfur and nitrogen decreased. Thus, bone ossification advanced from the posterior to the anterior vertebrae. The femur contained the largest proportion of ash, calcium and phosphorus of the six bone types investigated.
Application of synchrotron radiation for the identification of electrons in high energy beams

Abstract Calculations show that, by detecting the energy radiated by an electron in a beam transport magnet, it is possible to identify electrons in the presence of pions in beams of momentum ≳ 50 GeV/c.
Kinetic analysis of the immunopotentiating effect of the hypoxanthine analogue, NPT-15392, on the interleukin-2 production potential of human lymphocytes.

Abstract Previous studies have shown that NPT-15392 (9-erythro-(2-hydroxy, 3-nonyl) hypoxanthine) enhances a variety of lymphoid functional activities including proliferative responses to various antigenic and mitogenic stimuli. In order to account at least partially for this immunopotentiation by NPT-15392, we examined the effects of this compound on interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by cultures of mitogen-activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Coculture of PBMC with NPT-15392 and concanavalin A (Con A) for 24 h resulted in significant increase of IL-2 in the supernatants of such cultures as compared with the IL-2 levels of control, non-NPT-treated, Con A-activated cultures. This enhancing effect was demonstrable with final culture concentrations of NPT-15392 ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 μg/ml. Doses of NPT-15392 in excess of 5.0 μg/ml resulted in modest suppression of net IL-2 production. Pretreatment of PBMC with NPT-15392 for 2–4 h prior to activation with Con A was sufficient to achieve maximum enhancement of IL-2 production (20–40% average increase). Exposure of PBMC to NPT-15392 for longer periods (i.e. 24 h) did not result in higher levels of IL-2 production. NPT-15392 alone did not induce IL-2 synthesis at any of the doses employed and did not induce proliferation of the IL-2-dependent target cells used to quantitate IL-2 activity. Because of the multipotential role of IL-2 in the immune system, enhancement of IL-2 production by NPT-15392 may be a central pathway whereby this compound augments many lymphoid effector functions.
Emission and distribution of fumigants as affected by soil moistures in three different textured soils.

Abstract Water application is a low-cost strategy to control emissions of soil fumigant to meet the requirements of the stringent environmental regulations and it is applicable for a wide range of commodity groups. Although it is known that an increase in soil moisture reduces emissions, the range of soil moisture for minimizing emissions without risking pest control, is not well defined for various types of soils. With two column studies, we determined the effect of different soil moisture levels on emission and distribution of 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin in three different textured soils. Results on sandy loam and loam soils showed that by increasing soil moisture from 30% to 100% of field capacity (FC), peak fluxes were lowered by 77–88% and their occurrences were delayed 5–15 h, and cumulative emissions were reduced 24–49%. For the sandy soil, neither peak fluxes nor the cumulative emissions were significantly different when soil moisture increased from 30% to 100% FC. Compared to the drier soils, the wetter soils retained consistently higher fumigant concentrations in the gas-phase, suggesting efficacy may not be impacted in these soils. The air-filled porosity positively and linearly correlated with the cumulative emission loss across all soil types indicating that it may serve as a good indicator for estimating emissions. These laboratory findings can be further tested under field conditions to conclude what irrigation regime should be used for increasing soil water content before fumigant application that can achieve maximum emission reduction and uniform fumigant distribution with high exposure index values.
Educating the Educators

Follow this and additional works at: http://ajlpublishing.org/jl Part of the Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons, Elementary Education and Teaching Commons, Information Literacy Commons, Jewish Studies Commons, Junior High, Intermediate, Middle School Education and Teaching Commons, Pre-Elementary, Early Childhood, Kindergarten Teacher Education Commons, and the Reading and Language Commons
Recursive versus recursively enumerable binary relations

The properties of antisymmetry and linearity are easily seen to be sufficient for a recursively enumerable binary relation to be recursively isomorphic to a recursive relation. Removing either condition allows for the existence of a structure where no recursive isomorph exists, and natural examples of such structures are surveyed.
Estuarine calanoid copepod abundance in relation to season, salinity, and land-derived nitrogen loading, Waquoit Bay, MA

Calanoid copepod abundance and distribution were measured by monthly plankton tows from May through November in 1998 and March through August in 1999 in three subestuaries of the Waquoit Bay estuarine system. There was a dramatic seasonal change in the composition of calanoids in Waquoit Bay with a spring community consisting of Acartia hudsonica, Centropages hamatus, and Eurytemora affinis, replaced by Acartia tonsa in the summer. The abundance of A. hudsonica, A. tonsa, and C. hamatus was higher in the saltier reaches of the subestuaries, but the abundance of E. affinis and copepod nauplii was not affected by salinity. Even though different land-derived nitrogen loads created different concentrations of chlorophyll in the water of Waquoit Bay subestuaries, there was no apparent response in the abundance of most calanoid copepods to differences in nitrogen load to the subestuaries. The uncoupling of phytoplankton food from mesozooplankton consumers suggests that other factors such as water residence time, phytoplankton quality and composition, or variations in microzooplankton food play a role in the abundance dynamics of Waquoit Bay calanoid populations.
Power-Control or Empowerment? How Women Public Relations Practitioners Make Meaning of Power

This qualitative study examines how women public relations practitioners make meaning of power. From literature regarding power-control theory, gender, and empowerment, one research question was posed: How do women public relations practitioners make meaning of power? Results suggest that women practitioners made meaning of power as influence, relationships, knowledge and information, access, results-based credibility, and empowerment. The data extended power-control theory and scholarship regarding empowerment and uniquely added a gendered lens to the examination of power in public relations. Women practitioners actively enact influence, strategically forge relationships and gain and control information to affect their power.
Comparative Studies of Cefoxitin and Cephalothin: An Overview

A comparative study of the efficacy and safety of cefoxitin and cephalothin in the treatment of serious infections was carried out by 21 investigators. A total of 320 patients were treated with cefoxitin, and 276 patients were treated with cephalothin. In each group 50% of patients could be evaluated. Patients were randomly allocated to groups in open fashion, and final analysis showed that the groups were comparable in terms of sex, age, severity of illness, and duration of therapy. The majority of pathogens isolated were susceptible to both agents, although 13% of gram-negative bacilli and anaerobes were susceptible to cefoxitin alone. The overall percentage of patients cured or improved by cephalothin was 93%; for cefoxitin the proportion was 91%. No statistical differences in response by type of organism or site of infection were shown. Cefoxitin was effective in treating infections and in eradicating the pathogenic bacteria. Cefoxitin was as well tolerated as cephalothin and produced no more adverse reactions or abnormal laboratory findings than did cephalothin. The results of this study demonstrate that cefoxitin is as effective in achieving bacteriologic and clinical cures as is cephalothin and also is effective in treatment of infections due to cephalothin-resistant bacteria. Over the past two decades, the increase in the number of infections due to gram-negative bacilli [1], the development of resistance to available /3-lactam antibiotics [2], an increasing awareness of the toxicity of the other major class of antibiotics (aminoglycosides) [3], and a better appreciation of the efficacy of 8-lactam compounds have resulted in a concerted effort by the pharmaceutical industry to find more effective 3-lactams among the penicillins and cephalosporins. Cefoxitin, a cephamycin, has been shown to be a 3--lactam compound with an unusually broad spectrum of in vitro activity that is a result of the drug's resistance to hydrolysis by /-lactamases of both gram-positive and gramnegative bacteria [4, 5]. Experimental infections in animals established the efficacy of the compound in that setting [6]. Since cephalothin is the oldest and most widely used cephalosporin, it seemed of value to compare the efficacy and safety of cefoxitin to those of cephalothin in the treatment of serious infections; the two com
Uterine perforation at the time of brachytherapy for carcinoma of the cervix

Abstract Objective The reported incidence of uterine perforation by tandems at the time of vaginal brachytherapy for management of cervical cancer ranges from 1.75% to 10% per application. The potential ramifications of afterloading a tandem that is outside the uterine cavity within the pelvis are sufficiently severe, in terms of bowel injury, that a reliable means of determining tandem positioning at the time of placement is essential. Methods We examined a representative patient that underwent tandem placement for Federation Internationale of Gynecologic Oncologist (FIGO) stage Ib1 cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCCA). The information provided by conventional radiographic assessment and clinical impression was not helpful in ultimately determining tandem placement. Results Direct endoscopic visualization provided accurate and irrefutable evidence of tandem location and positioning prior to leaving the operating room. Conclusion A variety of techniques have been described to assist in accurate placement of the uterine tandem prior to afterloading, when utilizing definitive chemoradiation in the management of cervical carcinoma. These include postoperative plain films or computerized tomography, versus intraoperative transabdominal or transrectal ultrasound guidance at the time of placement. Postoperative techniques that confirm perforation necessitate a second visit to the operating room, a second general anesthetic, as well as a treatment delay that may impact negatively upon central control rates in the long term. Intraoperative techniques have their limitations as well, particularly in the obese patient. With difficult or questionable insertions, direct endoscopic evaluation at the time of tandem insertion is the only means of knowing definitively the location of the tandem prior to leaving the operating room.
Linear scaling first-principles molecular dynamics with controlled accuracy

Abstract In our quest for accurate linear scaling first-principles molecular dynamics methods for pseudopotential DFT calculations, we investigate the accuracy of real-space grid approaches, with finite differences and spherical localization regions. We examine how the positions of the localization centers affect accuracy and the convergence rate in the optimization process. In particular we investigate the accuracy of the atomic forces computation compared to the standard O( N 3 ) approach. We show the exponential decay of the error on the energy and forces with the size of the localization regions for a variety of realistic physical systems. We propose a new algorithm to automatically adapt the localization centers during the ground state computation which allows for molecular dynamics simulations with diffusion processes. The combination of algorithms proposed lead to a genuine linear scaling First-Principles Molecular Dynamics method with controlled accuracy. We illustrate our approach with examples of microcanonical molecular dynamics with localized orbitals.
Analysis of Processing Demands in Partial Report

Processing demands in the Sperling (1960) whole- and partial-report tasks were evaluated with the simple reaction-time probe procedure. 6 subjects responded to a buzzer probe presented at various temporal locations in the processing interval associated with performance in whole or partial report. The results showed relative increases in processing demands in partial report in the temporal vicinity (+/- 200 msec.) of the delivery of the auditory indicator cue as indicated by increases in probe reaction-time. Furthermore, reacting to the probe during this interval interfered with partial-report performance. This mutual interference was not detected when whole report was performed concurrently with the probe task. The results were interpreted in terms of an analysis of central processing capacity.
Reward and Affective Regulation in Depression-Prone Smokers

Background There is a disproportionately high smoking prevalence among individuals who are prone to depression. While depression has been conceptualized as a disorder of dysregulated positive affect and disrupted reward processing, little research has been conducted to determine the role of smoking in these processes among depression-prone smokers. Methods Depression-prone smokers (DP+; n = 34) and smokers not depression-prone (DP−; n = 49) underwent two laboratory sessions, one while smoking abstinent and one while smoking ad libitum, to assess the relative reinforcing value of smoking and reward sensitivity. Using experience sampling methods, participants completed self-report measures of subjective reward, positive affect, and negative affect across 3 days while smoking as usual and 3 days while smoking abstinent. Results DP+ were two times more likely to work for cigarette puffs versus money in a progressive ratio, choice task (odds ratio 2.05; 95% confidence interval 1.04 to 4.06, p = .039) compared with DP−. Reward sensitivity as measured by the signal detection task did not yield any significant findings. Mixed models regressions revealed a three-way interaction (depression group, smoking phase, and time) for subjective reward, negative affect, and positive affect. For all three of these outcomes, the slopes for DP− and DP+ differed significantly from each other ( p s p s Conclusions These findings indicate that the effects of smoking on reward and positive affect regulation are specific to DP+ smokers and highlight novel targets for smoking cessation treatment in this population.
Communication, Community, Reality, Ritual, and the “Potato Hole” Woodson

Applying James W. Carey's landmark insights into the ritual functions of communication to the widespread and notably ceremonial genre of the family story raises questions about the consequences for enlightened discourse when certain expressive forms become, literally, sacred relics. Because knowledge of a family's foundational story can be the prerequisite for entry into a community whose members otherwise have little in common, such a story is often protected from contestation and is unavailable for use in Carey's central tasks of repairing and transforming reality.
Analysis of temporal relations among units and slow waves in rabbit hippocampus.

Abstract BERRY, S. D., P. C. RINALDI, R. F. THOMPSON AND M. VERZEANO. Analysis of temporal relations among units and slow waves in rabbit hippocampus. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3 (5) 509–518, 1978.—Arrays of triple microelectrodes were stereotaxically lowered into CA1, CA3 and dentate areas of the dorsal hippocampal formation in anesthetized rabbits. Recordings of action potentials and waves were analyzed on a PDP-11 computer using auto-, cross-, and multiplecorrelation programs to determine temporal relations during 90 sec samples of spontaneous activity. It was found that temporal periods of neuronal firing and inhibition were strongly related to the pattern of waves. During periods of high amplitude synchronous waves (theta), the correlation between the activities of different groups of neurons was directly related to the periodicity of the wave. During instances of lower amplitude, desynchronous wave activity, the correlations between spikes recorded from those same cells were less periodic, varying according to the amount of wave synchrony. Variations in wave synchrony due to anatomical location, eserine effects, or spontaneous fluctuations under anesthesia produced corresponding variations in the relations between the activities of different groups of neurons. It is suggested that these relations between neuronal activity and gross waves may be implicated in processes which are at the basis of learning and memory.
Meteorological conditions and transport pathways during the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) experiment

[1] The Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) experiment was conducted between February and April 2001. It included extensive chemical sampling by two aircraft based primarily in Hong Kong and Yokota Air Base, Japan. TRACE-P examined pathways for the outflow of chemically and radiatively important gases and aerosols and their precursors from eastern Asia to the western Pacific and explored the chemical evolution of Asian outflow. This paper describes meteorological conditions and transport pathways over the Pacific Basin during TRACE-P. Meteorological conditions changed rapidly during the period due to the seasonal winter to spring transition and the decay of prolonged ENSO cold phase (La Nina) conditions. To document these changes, TRACE-P was divided into two halves, and mean flow patterns during each half are presented and discussed. Important circulation features are the semipermanent Siberian anticyclone and transient middle latitude cyclones that form near eastern Asia and then move eastward over the northern Pacific. Five-day backward trajectories from the various flight tracks show that air sampled by the aircraft had been transported from a variety of locations. Some parcels remained over the tropical western North Pacific during the entire period, while other important origins were Southeast Asia, Africa, and central Asia. Specifically, lower tropospheric flight segments out of Hong Kong sampled both prefrontal maritime air as well as postfrontal air from the Asian continent. Conversely, low-level flight segments out of Yokota, Japan mostly sampled postfrontal Asian air. Southern portions of middle and upper tropospheric flight segments from Hong Kong sampled air previously in the deep tropics, while the more northerly flight segments sampled air that originated from the west (e.g., passing over central Africa and India). Most upper level flight segments from Yokota sampled air arriving from the west. Patterns of satellite-derived precipitation and lightning are described. TRACE-P occurs during a neutral to weak La Nina period of relatively cold sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific. Compared with climatology, the TRACE-P period exhibits deep convection located west of its typical position; however, tropospheric flow patterns do not exhibit a strong La Nina signal. Circulation patterns during TRACE-P are found to be generally similar to those during NASA's PEM WEST-B mission that occurred in the same region during February–March 1994.
Diabetic neuropathic cachexia and diabetic amyotrophy

Two patients with diabetic neuropathic cachexia and diabetic amyotrophy are reported. Manifestations are profound weight loss, severe pain in the lower extremities, depression with insomnia, anorexia and impotence. This usually occurs in an older male and may be precipitated when insulin therapy is begun. With control of the diabetes and weight gain the symptoms reverse.
A review of health-related quality-of-life measures used in end-stage renal disease

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a critical issue in the treatment of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The variety of symptoms, comorbidities, and treatments of ESRD over the course of its chronic disease trajectory necessitate comprehensive assessment of the impact of interventions on HRQOL. A literature review of ESRD HRQOL studies was performed to provide an overview of the instruments used and to provide recommendations for HRQOL assessment in future studies. Instruments were classified based on the health domains they assess and whether they are generic or disease targeted. The instruments were judged in terms of their comprehensiveness, reliability, and validity.
Quantitation of an Epithelial S-Phase Response in the Rat Forestomach and Glandular Stomach Following Gavage Dosing with Ethyl Acrylate

Abstract Gavage dosing of the irritant, ethyl acrylate (EA), has been found to induce hyperplasia in the rat forestomach, but no signs of toxicity in the glandular stomach or in organs remote from the site of dosing. To quantitatively describe this effect as a background for subsequent modeling studies, pulse measurements of the number of S-phase cells were made following a single gavage dose of EA. The time-course of the S-phase response in the forestomach epithelium following a high dose (200 mg/kg or a 4% solution in corn oil) indicated that the number of S-phase nuclei was decreased relative to control animals immediately following gavage dosing with a minimum at 6 hr, but that the number of S-phase nuclei increased significantly above control values by 20 hr and remained significantly elevated until at least 48 hr following the gavage dose. A single-dose dose-response study with gavage doses of 0, 2, 10, 20, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg EA and S-phase analysis at 24 hr following gavage dosing indicated that a significant increase in S-phase nuclei was evident at doses of 20 mg/kg or higher. Dosing with EA for 2 weeks at dose levels of 0, 10, 50, or 200 mg/kg caused a prolonged elevation of S-phase nuclei only at the 200 mg/kg dose level during the 24 hr following the last gavage dose. Lower doses did not induce a significant increase in the S-phase nuclei. In contrast to the forestomach, the S-phase response of the glandular stomach was transient following a single 200 mg/kg gavage dose, and only a marginal response was observed following multiple 200 mg/kg doses. No effects were observed at lower doses. Comparison of these results to prior determinations of the effect of EA on the concentration of nonprotein sulfhydryls (primarily glutathione) in the forestomach and glandular stomach indicate a correlation of the stimulation in S-phase activity in the forestomach with the repletion and overshoot of tissue nonprotein sulfhydryl levels
Differential regulation of the Kar3p kinesin-related protein by two associated proteins, Cik1p and Vik1p.

The mechanisms by which kinesin-related proteins interact with other proteins to carry out specific cellular processes is poorly understood. The kinesin-related protein, Kar3p, has been implicated in many microtubule functions in yeast. Some of these functions require interaction with the Cik1 protein (Page, B.D., L.L. Satterwhite, M.D. Rose, and M. Snyder. 1994. J. Cell Biol. 124:507–519). We have identified a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene, named VIK1, encoding a protein with sequence and structural similarity to Cik1p. The Vik1 protein is detected in vegetatively growing cells but not in mating pheromone-treated cells. Vik1p physically associates with Kar3p in a complex separate from that of the Kar3p-Cik1p complex. Vik1p localizes to the spindle-pole body region in a Kar3p-dependent manner. Reciprocally, concentration of Kar3p at the spindle poles during vegetative growth requires the presence of Vik1p, but not Cik1p. Phenotypic analysis suggests that Cik1p and Vik1p are involved in different Kar3p functions. Disruption of VIK1 causes increased resistance to the microtubule depolymerizing drug benomyl and partially suppresses growth defects of cik1Δ mutants. The vik1Δ and kar3Δ mutations, but not cik1Δ, partially suppresses the temperature-sensitive growth defect of strains lacking the function of two other yeast kinesin-related proteins, Cin8p and Kip1p. Our results indicate that Kar3p forms functionally distinct complexes with Cik1p and Vik1p to participate in different microtubule-mediated events within the same cell.
Presence and Absence in Bhakti: An Afterword

The greatest gap or silence is the role of Islam and Islamic religiosity in the formation of the bhakti movement, assuming for the moment a singularity that I, like the other contributors to this volume, would wish to overturn. I shall illustrate my point with a concrete example. Who is not familiar with the wonderful lines in Tulasidasa's Rdmacaritamanasa describing Marlca in the form of a golden deer, alluring and marvelous?
Pulsed radiofrequency neurotomy: advances in pain medicine.

In the past three decades, radiofrequency neurotomy (RFN) has been established as a safe and effective treatment for facet and sacroiliac arthropathy. However, early reports of deafferentation pain syndromes and motor deficit with the application of radiofrequency lesions to other neural structures effectively halted further development of this technology for other applications until recent years. Pulsed radiofrequency neurotomy (PRFN) represents the most recent advance in radiofrequency technology in clinical practice. PRFN allows for application of radiofrequency current at markedly lower tissue temperatures, thereby minimizing the risk of adverse events. The initial clinical data on PRFN demonstrate response rates similar to conventional high temperature RFN lesions for facet and sacroiliac arthropathy and a host of other chronic pain disorders. Acknowledgment Many thanks to Linda Sutherland, my assistant, for her editorial support.
Interfacial in situ polymerization of single wall carbon nanotube/nylon 6,6 nanocomposites

An interfacial polymerization method for nylon 6,6 was adapted to produce nanocomposites with single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) via in situ polymerization. SWNT were incorporated in purified, functionalized or surfactant stabilized forms. The functionalization of SWNT was characterized by FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and TGA and the SWNT dispersion was characterized by optical microscopy before and after the in situ polymerization. SWNT functionalization and surfactant stabilization improved the nanotube dispersion in solvents but only functionalized SWNT showed a good dispersion in composites, whereas purified and surfactant stabilized SWNT resulted in poor dispersion and nanotube agglomeration. Weak shear flow induced SWNT flocculation in these nanocomposites. The electrical and mechanical properties of the SWNT/nylon nanocomposites are briefly discussed in terms of SWNT loading, dispersion, length and type of functionalization.
Advanced optical technologies for space exploration

NASA Langley Research Center is involved in the development of photonic devices and systems for space exploration missions. Photonic technologies of particular interest are those that can be utilized for in-space communication, remote sensing, guidance navigation and control, lunar descent and landing, and rendezvous and docking. NASA Langley has recently established a class-100 clean-room which serves as a Photonics Fabrication Facility for development of prototype optoelectronic devices for aerospace applications. In this paper we discuss our design, fabrication, and testing of novel active pixels, deformable mirrors, and liquid crystal spatial light modulators. Successful implementation of these intelligent optical devices and systems in space, requires careful consideration of temperature and space radiation effects in inorganic and electronic materials. Applications including high bandwidth inertial reference units, lightweight, high precision star trackers for guidance, navigation, and control, deformable mirrors, wavefront sensing, and beam steering technologies are discussed. In addition, experimental results are presented which characterize their performance in space exploration systems.
Isolation and hybridization kinetics of messenger RNA from Dictyostelium discoideum.

Messenger RNA from the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum contains a sequence of poly A residues and more than 95% hybridizes to the non-reiterated DNA.
Methsuximide therapy of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Currently valproic acid is considered to be the drug of first choice for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) resulting in a 70-90% control rate for all seizure types associated with JME. In those situations where valproic acid fails to control seizure activity, results in unacceptable side-effects, or is declined due to potential side-effects, an alternative effective monotherapy would be desirable. Five adolescent female patients were placed on methsuximide for JME. All five patients have been seizure free with the use of methsuximide and four out of five are now on methsuximide monotherapy with good success. C.L. has now had complete seizure control on methsuximide monotherapy, a total of 1200 mg a day, for 7 years with the exception of one seizure event occurring on an attempted discontinuation of methsuximide after being 5 years seizure free. Methsuximide monotherapy as demonstrated in these five patients is an effective treatment for JME.
Growth-stimulating activities of mouse submaxillary esteropeptidases on chick embryo fibroblasts in vitro.

Abstract Growth-stimulating activities on confluent cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts were demonstrated for the γ subunit of mouse 7S Nerve Growth Factor and for two other major esteropeptidases of the mouse submaxillary gland. For the γ subunit, it was established that the growth-promoting activity is a property of this protein and not due to minor contaminants. Discussed are the relationships between these esteropeptidases and other mouse salivary growth factors and the possible role of esteropeptidases with respect to the cell proliferation occurring in a variety of growth processes.
Environmental disclosures in annual reports: An international perspective

Abstract This study investigates the annual report disclosures of environmental information for 276 companies representing nine broadly defined industries and 27 countries for the years 1989 through 1991. Our principal findings are: (1) there is a statistically significant difference between the 1989 and 1990 individual and overall disclosures; (2) there is a statistically significant negative difference between the 1990 and 1991 individual and overall disclosures; (3) the United States provided the highest percentage of companies reporting environmental information; and (4) the British-American accounting model produced the highest percentage of companies employing the different environmental disclosure forms.
Zone drawn NEW‐TPI thermoplastic polyimide and its blends with Xydar liquid crystalline polymer

In this work we report the effects of single stage zone drawing on the properties of NEW-TPI thermoplastic polyimide homopolymer, and its blends with Amoco's Xydar liquid crystalline polymer. Zone drawing was performed first on homopolymer NEW-TPI films to determine the effect of load weight, heater speed, and drawing temperature on the attainable draw ratio. Degree of crystallinity and chain orientation increase as the draw ratio increases for NEW-TPI. Blends of NEW-TPI/Xydar compositions 90/10 and 70/30 were studied next. In blends, the Xydar component is not molecularly dispersed, and is initially preferentially oriented along the machine direction during the film processing stage. Xydar acts as a nucleation site and lowers the temperature for crystallization of the NEW-TPI from the rubbery amorphous state. Zone drawing was performed either parallel or perpendicular to Xydar's initial preferred orientation direction. Blends with lower Xydar fraction could be zone-drawn to higher ratios. Zone drawing perpendicular to Xydar's initial orientation direction also resulted in increased draw ratio. Dynamic mechanical properties of the zone drawn materials were studied. In homopolymer NEW-TPI, dynamic modulus increased by a factor of two to 4.0 GPa in zone drawn films, largely as a result of the formation of oriented crystallites. In the blends, the modulus parallel to Xydar's initial orientation direction was greater than that in the transverse direction. Depending upon composition and test direction, zone drawing increased the dynamic moduli of the blends from 1.5 up to 2.7 times, in the temperature range from 150°C to 300°C.
Probability models and the applicability of statistical procedures in the identification of chromosomal fragile sites.

Bohm et coll. (1995, Human Genetics 95, 249-256) ont introduit un modele statistique (appele FSM) permettant d'identifier des sites fragiles a partir de donnees de cassures chromosomiques. En reponse a une critique de ce modele (Hou et coll., 1999, Human Genetics 104, 350 355 et Hou et coll., 2001, Biometrics 57, 435 440), nous montrons comment le modele FSM est correctement modifie pour etre applicable sous l'hypothese que la probabilite de cassure chromosomique est proportionnelle a la longueur de la bande chromosomique et comment les procedures alternatives proposees par Hou et coll. (1999, 2001) ne sont que des variantes de l'algorithme FSM correctement modifie. A l'exception du test statistique utilise, nous montrons que la procedure decrite par Hou et coll. (1999) est fonctionnellement identique au modele FSM correctement modifie et que l'application d'un FSM incorrectement modifie invalide toutes les comparaisons du FSM aux alternatives proposees par Hou et coll. (1999, 2001). Finalement, nous discutons les implications statistiques des variantes methodologiques proposees par Hou et coll. (2001) and nous insistons sur la necessite logique et statistique que les identifications des sites fragiles soient basees sur des donnees individuelles.
Responsible Inclusion: Celebrating Diversity and Academic Excellence

School reform strategies created to increase standards of academic excellence are on a collision course with strategies designed to increase the inclusion of exceptional students in general education classes. Responsible inclusionary practices, focused on all students, will eliminate this potential clash by providing an educational atmos phere that encourages heterogeneity in all classroom settings and school activities.
Thermal healing of cracks in glass

Abstract Vickers indented glass samples were subjected to heat treatments from 525 to 725°C. Subsequently, they were examined microscopically at room temperature. Blunting and pinching of crack tips, rounding and grooving of radial cracks, receding and breaking up of lateral and median cracks, and cylinderization and spheroidization of closed cavities were observed. The morphology change pattern indicates that viscous flow driven by capillarity was operating. When tested for strength in bending at room temperature, samples fractured through the indent if they had experienced only the early stages of healing. Otherwise, fracture occurred elsewhere. Both indented and as-received samples respond to elevated temperature by strengthening followed by weakening. Indented samples strengthened to the level of as-received samples within a narrow time interval, probably due to crack bridging resulting from grooving. As-received samples strengthened gradually with time, suggesting that processes other than viscous flow were responsible for their heating. It is proposed that pre-existing flaws are similar to the reversibly closed macroscopic cracks with hydrogen or cationic bonds. Weakening is rationalized by new flaws development at elevated temperatures.
Reasons for failed ablation for idiopathic right ventricular outflow tract-like ventricular arrhythmias

Background The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is the most common site of origin of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in patients with idiopathic VAs. A left bundle branch block, inferior axis morphology arrhythmia is the hallmark of RVOT arrhythmias. VAs from other sites of origin can mimic RVOT VAs, and ablation in the RVOT typically fails for these VAs. Objective To analyze reasons for failed ablations of RVOT-like VAs. Methods Among a consecutive series of 197 patients with an RVOT-like electrocardiographic (ECG) morphology who were referred for ablation, 38 patients (13 men; age 46 ± 14 years; left ventricular ejection fraction 47% ± 14%) in whom a prior procedure failed within the RVOT underwent a second ablation procedure. ECG characteristics of the VA were compared to a consecutive series of 50 patients with RVOT VAs. Results The origin of the VA was identified in 95% of the patients. In 28 of 38 (74%) patients, the arrhythmia origin was not in the RVOT. The VA originated from intramural sites (n = 8, 21%), the pulmonary arteries (n = 7, 18%), the aortic cusps (n = 6, 16%), and the epicardium (n = 5, 13%). The origin was within the RVOT in 10 (26%) patients. In 2 (5%) patients, the origin could not be identified despite biventricular, aortic, and epicardial mapping. The VA was eliminated in 34 of 38 (89%) patients with repeat procedures. The ECG features of patients with failed RVOT-like arrhythmias were different from the characteristics of RVOT arrhythmias. Conclusions In patients in whom ablation of a VA with an RVOT-like appearance fails, mapping of the pulmonary artery, the aortic cusps, the epicardium, the left ventricular outflow tract, and the aortic cusps will help identify the correct site of origin. The 12-lead ECG is helpful in differentiating these VAs from RVOT VAs.
Flow-law for ringwoodite at subduction zone conditions

The plastic properties of ringwoodite, a high-pressure modification of olivine, are experimentally determined at the pressure of 20 GPa and temperatures up to 1350 ◦ C. Stress relaxation experiments have been carried out on fine-grained samples using a two-stage T-cup multiple anvil high-pressure apparatus with synchrotron-generated X-rays. We observe the presence of a significant weakening of the shear strength with a decrease from 2.5 to 0.2 GPa between 600 and 1000 ◦ C. In this region, the activation energy, U, is about 275 kJ/mol and it decreases with increasing stress, reaching a value of about 200 kJ/mol when the shear stress attains 2.5 GPa. We propose that the plasticity is associated with vigorous dislocation glide controlled by short-range lattice resistance forces. At lower temperatures, the shear strength is mildly dependent on temperature reaching 3 GPa at room temperature, while above 1000 ◦ C, the flow may be governed by a power-law relation with n about 3.5. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
1-D Fin Tip Boundary Condition Corrections

Exact expressions are presented for the correction terms for the one-dimensional fin tip temperature and heat lost when the insulated tip assumption is used for the convective tip case. Both straight rectangular and uniformly thick annular fin geometries are discussed. Numerical examples are shown. For some conditions in these examples, sizable corrections are needed, which increase as the Biot number decreases.
Return, purchase, or skip? Outcome, duration, and consumer behavior in the rent-to-own market

Rent-to-own (RTO) is attractive to financially distressed consumers. It allows immediate access to merchandise and an opportunity for eventually acquisition. Yet goods can be returned at any point without penalty or other adverse consequences. We use a competing risk methodology that accounts for unobserved consumer heterogeneity to study how contracts conclude, estimating the probabilities of exit—via return, purchase, or skip—and the associated durations. The estimated outcome probabilities highlight the use of the embedded return option by RTO consumers and the trade-offs and cross-subsidization implicit in the RTO contractual arrangement. We offer rational and behavioral explanations of consumer behavior in the RTO market, which we believe can be generalized to other consumer loan markets.