cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
All Work and No Play Makes for a Dull Museum Visitor.

Drawing from a constructivist view of learning and play research, the author explores the potential of play in the unique setting of museums to enhance adults' creative thinking and generate opportunities for new learning.
Chiral phenomenology — A workshop report

Abstract A work-session on “The Chiral Phenomenology” was held at the Quark Matter '90 Conference. Several theoretical approaches for exploration of the chiral symmetry restoration phenomena were discussed during the session. Feasibility and readiness of experiments were also discussed.
Multiple molecular forms of endothelial cell factor VIII related antigen

Heterogeneous factor VIII related antigen isolated from endothelial cell postculture medium was characterized. On crossed immunoelectrophoresis, slow moving less anodal populations of factor VIII related antigen molecules were more prominent in endothelial cell postculture medium than in plasma. The protein synthesized by endothelial cells appeared as two discrete protein bands of different molecular weight in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. In contrast the factor VIII related antigen isolated from plasma moved as a single protein band in an identical gel system. The factor VIII related antigen from endothelial cell postculture medium was immunoisolated using monospecific rabbit antibody to normal human plasma factor VIII related antigen, electrophoresed on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels, radiolabeled with 125I, trypsinized and subjected to peptide mapping using two-dimensional high voltage electrophoresis and thin-layer chromatography. The two forms of endothelial cell factor VIII antigen had virtually identical peptide maps. These studies suggest that the molecular heterogeneity of the factor VIII related antigen system reflects polymeric associations of identical subunits. Circulation in vivo may alter the ratio of polymer subsets.
Genetic reconstitution of the T cell receptor (TcR) α/β heterodimer restores the association of CD3 ζ2 with the TcR/CD3 complex

The cell surface expression of the T cell receptor (TcR)/CD3 complex and, consequently, the functional competence of the cell is partly dependent on CD3 zeta. In its absence, a pentameric complex (TcR alpha/beta/CD3 gamma delta epsilon) is formed which is inefficiently transported to the cell surface. Reconstitution of CD3 zeta by transfection, in turn, restores the cell surface expression and function of the complex. Through the use of transfection experiments, we here provide direct evidence that the association of CD3 zeta 2 with the TcR/CD3 complex is dependent on the presence of both the TcR alpha and beta polypeptide chains. Despite wild-type levels of the CD3 zeta protein in a TcR alpha-negative mutant human T cell line, a complex was formed intracellularly which lacked CD3 zeta 2 and consisted of beta gamma delta epsilon and beta 2 gamma delta epsilon. Upon transfection of the mutant with a TcR alpha cDNA, a TcR/CD3 complex which contained CD3 zeta 2 was observed intracellularly. In contrast to the partial subcomplex on the cell surface of the untransfected cell line, the TcR/CD3 complex on the transfectant was functional as demonstrated by its ability to mobilize intracellular calcium after stimulation with a mitogenic CD3 epsilon-specific monoclonal antibody. Transient transfection studies performed in COS cell fibroblasts indicated that CD3 zeta 2 was not interacting with the TcR alpha protein alone, implying that a conformation provided by either the TcR alpha/beta heterodimer or the TcR alpha/beta/CD3 gamma delta epsilon complex was necessary for the association of CD3 zeta 2. Transfection studies performed in a TcR alpha/beta-negative murine T-T hybridoma confirmed the requirement of both the TcR alpha and beta proteins in CD3 zeta 2 binding. We conclude that the TcR alpha and beta chains harbor polypeptide sequences essential for the association of CD3 zeta 2 with the TcR/CD3 complex.
The NF-κB and IκB System in Injured Arteries

Activation of endothelial cells and dedifferentiation of smooth muscle cells (SMC) are events in the development of vascular disease. The NF-κB transcription factor family and its inhibitory proteins
Relationship of serum thiocyanate concentrations to smoking characteristics

Thiocyanate (SCN) concentrations were determined in serum samples from 130 young healthy persons (60 smokers) and related to their smoking and physiologic characteristics. Serum thiocyanate correlated strongly and approximately equally with the number of cigarettes/d·kg of Ideal body weight (IBW) (r = 0.748), total nicotine intake in mg/d·kg IBW (r = 0.735), and total tar intake in mg/d·kg IBW (r = 0.731). Multiple linear regression analysis that included these factors as well as sex, marijuana use, menthol, and degree of inhalation only increased the multiple r to 0.803. A more sensitive statistical method (NYBAID) was also used to determine the most significant influences of these variables on serum SCN. The association with depth of inhalation (i.e., smoking versus nonsmoking) was dominant among the relationships considered. The highest SCN levels were exhibited in heavy nicotine users (8.58 ± 3.00 mg/l), while average users had slightly lower concentrations (6.49 ± 2.37 mg/l) (p<0.03). In nontobacco s...
On the feedback vertex set problem in permutation graphs

Abstract Brandstadt and Kratsch (1987) presented an O( n 6 ) time algorithm for the minimum weight feedback vertex set problem in a permutation graph of n vertices and m edges. This result was recently improved to O( n.m.m ) by Brandstat (1993), where m is the number of edges in the complement of G . In this paper, we employ a different dynamic programming scheme to reduce the time complexity to O( nm ) for this problem in permutation graphs.
Increasing cooperation among children using dependent group-oriented reinforcement contingencies

This investigation evaluated the differential effectiveness of two reinforcement contingencies for improving cooperation among students when solving a mathematics estimation task. The two reinforce...
Accurate sustained measurement of intra-luminal pressure from the microvasculature.

A system designed faithfully to record intra-luminal pressure from small arteries or veins (90–150 μ radius) has been perfected, tested, and used extensively. The system utilizes a modified Statham strain gauge, PE tubing (594 μ in diameter) and a small stainless-steel needle. Dynamic response (N.F. = 40–120 cps) is tested and recorded before each use, and can be deliberately adjusted by changing needle length, tubing length, etc. Frequent zero pressure references and static calibration in situ are possible. Continuous recordings of duration up to 3 hr are obtainable
Interpreting ecological diversity indices applied to terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism data: insights from simulated microbial communities.

Ecological diversity indices are frequently applied to molecular profiling methods, such as terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), in order to compare diversity among microbial communities. We performed simulations to determine whether diversity indices calculated from T-RFLP profiles could reflect the true diversity of the underlying communities despite potential analytical artifacts. These include multiple taxa generating the same terminal restriction fragment (TRF) and rare TRFs being excluded by a relative abundance (fluorescence) threshold. True community diversity was simulated using the lognormal species abundance distribution. Simulated T-RFLP profiles were generated by assigning each species a TRF size based on an empirical or modeled TRF size distribution. With a typical threshold (1%), the only consistently useful relationship was between Smith and Wilson evenness applied to T-RFLP data (TRF-Evar) and true Shannon diversity (H′), with correlations between 0.71 and 0.81. TRF-H′ and true H′ were well correlated in the simulations using the lowest number of species, but this correlation declined substantially in simulations using greater numbers of species, to the point where TRF-H′ cannot be considered a useful statistic. The relationships between TRF diversity indices and true indices were sensitive to the relative abundance threshold, with greatly improved correlations observed using a 0.1% threshold, which was investigated for comparative purposes but is not possible to consistently achieve with current technology. In general, the use of diversity indices on T-RFLP data provides inaccurate estimates of true diversity in microbial communities (with the possible exception of TRF-Evar). We suggest that, where significant differences in T-RFLP diversity indices were found in previous work, these should be reinterpreted as a reflection of differences in community composition rather than a true difference in community diversity.
Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Ethanol in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J Inbred Mice

Background: Two of the most widely used mouse strains for studying the behavioral effects of ethanol are C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) mice. These strains exhibit marked differences in behavioral and physiological responses to ethanol. The subjective discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol may play a role in ethanol abuse, but the discriminative stimulus profile of ethanol has not been compared in B6 and D2 mice. Examination of the discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol in B6 and D2 mouse strains may enhance our understanding of the relationship between the subjective effects of ethanol and other ethanol-induced behavioral effects. Methods: Twelve adult male C57BL/6J mice and 12 male DBA/2J mice were trained to discriminate 1.5 g/kg ethanol from saline in daily 15 min, milk-reinforced operant sessions. After training, ethanol substitution and response-rate suppression dose response curves were determined for ethanol, midazolam, diazepam, pentobarbital, pregnanolone, 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol (THIP), dizocilpine, and morphine. Results: D2 mice learned the ethanol discrimination significantly more quickly than did B6 mice. Ethanol, midazolam, pregnanolone, and dizocilpine fully substituted for ethanol in both strains. Pentobarbital was more potent in producing ethanol-like discriminative stimulus effects in D2 than B6 mice. Midazolam and diazepam were significantly more potent in suppressing response rates in D2 than B6 mice. Morphine failed to substitute for ethanol in either strain, but the ED50 for morphine suppression of responding was significantly lower in B6 than D2 mice. Conclusions: The initial stimulus effects of 1.5 g/kg ethanol may be more salient in D2 than B6 mice. This does not appear to result from differences in the neurotransmitter systems that mediate ethanol's discriminative stimulus effects. In both strains, γ-aminobutyric acid-positive modulators and a noncompetitive NMDA antagonist substituted for ethanol. However, strain differences did exist in the potency of γ-aminobutyric acid-positive modulators and morphine for suppressing operant responding.
Inpatient management of alcohol withdrawal: a practical approach

Alcohol intake contributes directly or indirectly to 15 to 20% of medical problems in primary care or an inpatient setting. It is estimated that approximately 500,000 episodes of withdrawal will be severe enough to require pharmacologic intervention. The total cost to the United States economy from alcohol abuse was estimated to be $185 billion for 1998. This review attempts to put forth a practical and evidence based approach towards the inpatient management of alcohol withdrawal. Various agents and their pharmacology are described. Strength of evidence regards to efficacy and shorter inpatient stays
Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Genomic Evolution in Progressor and Nonprogressor Ponies

A primary mechanism of lentivirus persistence is the ability of these viruses to evolve in response to biological and immunological selective pressures with a remarkable array of genetic and antigenic variations that constitute a perpetual natural experiment in genetic engineering. A widely accepted paradigm of lentivirus evolution is that the rate of genetic variation is correlated directly with the levels of virus replication: the greater the viral replication, the more opportunities that exist for genetic modifications and selection of viral variants. To test this hypothesis directly, we examined the patterns of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) envelope variation during a 2.5-year period in experimentally infected ponies that differed markedly in clinical progression and in steady-state levels of viral replication as indicated by plasma virus genomic RNA assays. The results of these comprehensive studies revealed for the first time similar extents of envelope gp90 variation in persistently infected ponies regardless of the number of disease cycles (one to six) and viremia during chronic disease. The extent of envelope variation was also independent of the apparent steady-state levels of virus replication during long-term asymptomatic infection, varying from undetectable to 105 genomic RNA copies per ml of plasma. In addition, the data confirmed the evolution of distinct virus populations (genomic quasispecies) associated with sequential febrile episodes during acute and chronic EIA and demonstrated for the first time ongoing envelope variation during long-term asymptomatic infections. Finally, comparison of the rates of evolution of the previously defined EIAV gp90 variable domains demonstrated distinct differences in the rates of nucleotide and amino acid sequence variation, presumably reflecting differences in the ability of different envelope domains to respond to immune or other biological selection pressures. Thus, these data suggest that EIAV variation can be associated predominantly with ongoing low levels of virus replication and selection in target tissues, even in the absence of substantial levels of plasma viremia, and that envelope variation continues during all stages of persistent infection as the virus successfully avoids clearance by host defense mechanisms.
Probabilistic Phonotactics and Neighborhood Activation in Spoken Word Recognition

Abstract Recent work (Vitevitch & Luce, 1998) investigating the role of phonotactic information in spoken word recognition suggests the operation of two levels of representation, each having distinctly different consequences for processing. The lexical level is marked by competitive effects associated with similarity neighborhood activation, whereas increased probabilities of segments and sequences of segments facilitate processing at the sublexical level. We investigated the two proposed levels in six experiments using monosyllabic and specially constructed bisyllabic words and nonwords. The results of these studies provide further support for the hypothesis that the processing of spoken stimuli is a function of both facilitatory effects associated with increased phonotactic probabilities and competitive effects associated with the activation of similarity neighborhoods. We interpret these findings in the context of Grossberg, Boardman, and Cohen's (1997) adaptive resonance theory of speech perception.
Dynamic performance of composite pavements under impact

The importance of developing a deep understanding of the behavior of pavement layers under the action of dynamic loads, and the availability of cutting-edge computational and visualization technologies, led to the study presented in this paper. Explicit finite-element analysis was used to investigate the propagation of dynamic displacements induced in pavement layers under the action of an impact load similar to the one applied in a falling weight deflectometer test. The time-dependent dynamic response of a rigid pavement with straight asphalt concrete overlay was studied for two cases of unbonded and fully bonded interfaces between different layers. Significant differences in behavior were observed. Three-dimensional computer graphics and animation of the deformed model were used to display the propagation of vertical dynamic displacements through pavement layers. It was found that in the absence of a perfect bond between all pavement layers, the displacements measured on the top surface correlated littl...
Transitions in Illicit Drug Use Status Over 3 Years: A Prospective Analysis of a General Population Sample

ObjectiveThe authors examined 3-year transitions among nonuse, asymptomatic use, and problem use of illicit drugs for U.S. adults in the general household population.MethodData were from the nationally representative National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a study of 34,653 adults interviewed twice, 3 years apart. Respondents were categorized on three mutually exclusive categories of baseline drug status: past-year nonusers (N=32,675), past-year asymptomatic drug users (N=861), and past-year symptomatic drug users (N=1,117). Symptomatic drug use, or problem use, was defined as presence of one or more symptoms that operationalize DSM-IV drug abuse and dependence criteria. The authors assessed sociodemographic, health, substance use, and psychiatric covariates for association with 3-year transitions to different status categories.ResultsAmong baseline nonusers, 95.4% continued to be nonusers at follow-up, 2.1% became asymptomatic users, and 2.5% developed problem use. Among baseline...
DNA Hypomethylation, Cancer, the Immunodeficiency, Centromeric Region Instability, Facial Anomalies Syndrome and Chromosomal Rearrangements

Inadequate attention has been paid to the frequent and often extensive cancer-associated DNA hypomethylation. This hypomethylation usually includes undermethylation of certain DNA repeats in constitutive heterochromatin, although it is not limited to such sequences. Many cancers display an overall deficiency in the levels of genomic 5-methylcytosine compared to a variety of normal postnatal somatic tissues. The immunodeficiency, centromeric region instability, facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome, a rare recessive DNA methyltransferase deficiency disease, results in a small decrease in the extent of global genomic methylation. In ICF, DNA hypomethylation is targeted to the satellite DNA in juxtacentromeric (centromere-adjacent) heterochromatin of chromosomes 1 and 16 (1qh and 16qh), which are prone to rearrangements in ICF lymphoid cells. Also, 1qh and 16qh DNA sequences frequently are hypomethylated in human cancers and rearrangements in their vicinity are overrepresented in cancers. These often lead to chromosome arm imbalances and gene dosage imbalances that could participate in carcinogenesis. Studies of ICF cells suggest that hypomethylation in the normally highly methylated 1qh and 16qh regions predisposes to heterochromatin decondensation in these regions, which in turn leads to elevated levels of rearrangements. Studies of ICF cells also suggest that some of these rearrangements, namely multiradial chromosomes with multiple arms joined in the pericentromeric region, may be unstable intermediates in formation of more stable pericentromeric rearrangements in cancer. Microarray gene expression analysis on ICF and normal lymphoblastoid cell lines suggests that this hypomethylation also may affect gene expression elsewhere in the genome.
Weighted parallel factor analysis for calibration of HPLC-UV/Vis spectrometers in the presence of Beer's law deviations

Abstract An extension of the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) methodology is presented to allow accurate and reliable quantitative and qualitative analysis of nonlinear data collected from hyphenated instrumentation. The weighted PARAFAC method is applied to high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/visible (HPLC-UV/Vis) diode array spectrometry analysis. It is demonstrated that this method improves the quantitative errors when spectroscopic nonlinearities from solvent–solute interactions or detector saturation are introduced. As much as 50% improvements in the root mean squared errors of estimation are realized for test samples. This weighted PARAFAC algorithm implicitly treats nonlinear data as missing values. A method requiring no a priori information is presented, that facilitates determination of the nonlinear regions and optimal application of the weighted PARAFAC algorithm.
The Corporeal Marker Project (CMP): Teaching About Bodily Difference, Identity and Place Through Experience

In response to recent articles and ideas for experiential learning activities in human geography, this paper outlines a particular approach to learning about the body, difference, mobility and geographic space through experience. The Corporeal Marker Project designed and implemented by the authors provides a spatial experience of difference for students who represent themselves as ‘the other’ by marking their bodies outside accepted ‘norms’ in public and private spaces. The authors include a detailed description of this assignment, two examples of its use at separate campuses and different human geography courses, and reflections on its use and effectiveness.
Support of Non-Biological Children in Jewish Law

Adoption as a legal institution is unknown in Jewish law. Suppression of parental identity, as generally occurs in closed adoption, is banned “lest the earth become filled with licentiousness” (Leviticus 19:29). Rabbinic tradition interprets that verse as expressing concern regarding the possibility of a future incestuous marriage. Nevertheless, raising an orphan in one’s home is regarded as highly meritorious. However, binding obligations of support and maintenance can be undertaken only by means of contract. Such a contract in favor of a stepchild may be verbal if entered into at the time of marriage. Otherwise, a formal kinyan, i.e., one of a limited number of acts specified by statute, must be performed as a means of signifying seriousness of intent. Although in Jewish law adoption per se does not give rise to a new legal relationship, adoption proceedings may generate contractual obligations. A petition for adoption may be construed as an instrument impliedly generating financial obligations conditioned upon approval by the court. If so, the petition may be regarded as a promissory instrument that itself serves as a kinyan in establishing a contractual obligation.Moreover, in Jewish law, a pledge to charity is regarded as an actual conveyance rather than as a mere promise. Since, generally, adoptees are destitute, if the “promise” to adopt a child is construed as a promise of support, a further act of kinyan may be unnecessary. Thus, even without recognition of adoption as a legal institution, adoption proceedings may result in a valid contract establishing an enforceable right to support.
A Search Theory of Sectoral Reallocation

This paper contributes a theoretical framework to analyze how the labor market responds differently to aggregate and sectoral shocks in the presence of search frictions and imperfect mobility. In contrast to the previous literature, which views sectoral shocks as exogenous shocks on matching efficiency, the aggregate impacts of a sectoral shock are the endogenous outcome of the optimal hiring and moving decisions of firms and workers. The model predicts that the economy features the following distinct responses to a structural change: 1) matching efficiency drops and recovers slowly; 2) total vacancies first decrease and then overshoot their long-term equilibrium value; 3) the aggregate wage jumps while labor productivity drops during the transition; and 4) counter-intuitively, the impact on the overall unemployment is limited.
(E)-2-{(2-Hydroxy­naphthalen-1-yl)methyl­ene}hydrazinecarboxamide

In the title mol­ecule, C12H11N3O2, the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the naphthalene and carboxamide groups is 28.9 (8)°. The hydrazine N atoms are twisted slightly out of the plane of the carboxamide group [C—C—N—N torsion angle = −175.06 (13)°]. The crystal packing is influenced by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding which includes a bifurcated hydrogen bond between the amide N atom and nearby carboxyl and hydroxyl O atoms. A second bifurcated hydrogen bond occurs between the hydroxyl O atom and nearby amide (inter­molecular) and hydrazine (intra­molecular) N atoms. As a result, mol­ecules are linked into a co-operative hydrogen-bonded network of infinite one-dimensional O—H⋯O—H⋯O—H chains along the (101) plane of the unit cell in a zigzag pattern, the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the naphthalene groups of adjacent mol­ecules in the chain being 86.9 (2)°. A MOPAC PM3 calculation provides support to these observations.
Gender inequality: Nonbinary transgender people in the workplace

This study uses the National Transgender Discrimination Survey to evaluate the employment outcomes of nonbinary transgender people (those who identify as a gender other than man or woman). Regressi...
Electrochemical reactions of H2S in molten sulphide

The reactions involving H2S in molten alkali sulphides are essential to the operation of a novel electrochemical gas-cleaning device. These reactions are studied in free-electrolyte in order to elucidate the mechanism. Partial carbonation of the melt, as would occur in contact with wet, CO2-containing gases, is also explored. The effect is seen to be a significant enhancement of the H2S removal rate.
The flexural dynamics of melting ice shelves

A conspicuous precursor of catastrophic ice-shelf break-up along the Antarctic Peninsula, reported widely in the literature, is the gradual increase in surface melting and consequent proliferation of supraglacial lakes and dolines. Here we present analytical and numerical solutions for the flexure stresses within an ice shelf covered by lakes and dolines, both isolated and arrayed. We conclude that surface water promotes ice-shelf instability in two ways: (1) by water-assisted crevasse penetration, as previously noted, and (2) by the inducement of strong tensile flexure stresses (exceeding background spreading stress by 10–100 times) in response to surface water mass loads and ‘hydrostatic rebound’ occurring when meltwater lakes drain.
UK Supreme Court Case Note: The Meaning of 'Criminal Property' in POCA 2002

The Supreme Court (Lord Neuberger PSC and Lord Kerr, Lord Reed, Lord Hughes and Lord Toulson JJSC) heard the case of R v GH (Respondent) [2015] UKSC 24 (22 April 2015) on appeal from a judgment of the Court of Appeal (Lloyd Jones LJ, Irwin and Green JJ) reported at [2013] EWCA Crim 2237. Unanimously allowing the appeal of the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP), giving the only judgment Lord Toulson held at para 47 that the “character of the money did change on being paid into the respondent’s accounts.” This case involved fraud. It had been perpetrated through the Internet via four “ghost” websites falsely pretending to offer cut-price motor insurance. To execute his plans, B used associates who opened bank accounts for transmitting the proceeds generated by the scam and H was an associate of this nature. The Supreme Court held that section 328 of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (POCA) does not require property to constitute criminal property before an arrangement came into operation because such a construction is likely have serious potential consequences in relation to banks and other financial institutions.
THE GENESIS OF QUATERNARY LANDSCAPES WITH STONE-LINES

Two principal theories have been proposed to explain the origin of stone-lines in Quaternary landscapes, namely the erosion-pedimentation-pedisedimentation theory and the dynamic denudation-soil evolution-biomantle theory. These theories, each of which has its advocates, are compared by means of schematic chronograph analysis. We conclude that the dynamic denudation model best explains stone-line genesis and the soils in which stone-lines occur on many interfluves in mid-latitudes and on many saprolite landscapes in the subtropics and tropics. [Key words: biomantle, chronograph, denudation, landscape evolution, pedimentation, pedogenesis, soil evolution, saprolite.]
Beetle: Flexible Communication for Bluetooth Low Energy

The next generation of computing peripherals will be low-power ubiquitous computing devices such as door locks, smart watches, and heart rate monitors. Bluetooth Low Energy is a primary protocol for connecting such peripherals to mobile and gateway devices. Current operating system support for Bluetooth Low Energy forces peripherals into vertical application silos. As a result, simple, intuitive applications such as opening a door with a smart watch or simultaneously logging and viewing heart rate data are impossible. We present Beetle, a new hardware interface that virtualizes peripherals at the application layer, allowing safe access by multiple programs without requiring the operating system to understand hardware functionality, fine-grained access control to peripheral device resources, and transparent access to peripherals connected over the network. We describe a series of novel applications that are impossible with existing abstractions but simple to implement with Beetle.
The Value of Emily Dickinson

The Value of Emily Dickinson is the first compact introduction to Dickinson to focus primarily on her poems and why they have held and continue to hold such significance for readers. It addresses the question of literary value in light of current controversies dividing scholars, including those surrounding the critical issue of whether her writings are best appreciated as visual works of manuscript art or as rhymed and metered poems intended for the inner ear. Mary Loeffelholz deftly incorporates Dickinson's distinctive biography and her historical, religious, and cultural contexts into close readings, tracing the evolution of Dickinson's style. This volume - which considers not only the complex history of Dickinson's poems in print, but also their future in digital formats - will be an invaluable resource for undergraduate and graduate students seeking to better understand the importance of this seminal American poet.
Gag the Fag, or tops and bottoms, persons and things

ABSTRACTScholarly studies of pornography since the advent of Linda Williams’ Hard Core have typically assumed that pornography is a genre which pursues the secrets of sexual pleasure. But much recent online gay pornography, far from imagining a ‘pornotopia’ in which free agents endlessly pursue their mutual pleasure, stages a radical dichotomy between tops and bottoms, in which the bottom is rhetorically transformed into what Catharine MacKinnon once described as a ‘thing for sexual use’. Examining recent online French pornography and the popular US series Gag the Fag, this article argues that neither the rubric of ‘pleasure’ nor the diagnosis of misogyny provide an adequate framework for gauging what is at stake in these theatricalized and mediatized scenes of domination. At first glance, such pornography appears to confirm the most damning pronouncements of anti-pornography feminists, reducing sex to a relation of instrumentalization. I argue, however, that it is not exactly clear who is instrumentalize...
Optimal sparse L 1 -norm principal-component analysis

We present an algorithm that computes exactly (optimally) the S-sparse (1≤S 1 -norm-projection principal component of a real-valued data matrix X ∈ ℝD×N that contains N samples of dimension D. For fixed sample support N, the optimal L 1 -sparse algorithm has linear complexity in data dimension, O(D). For fixed dimension D (thus, fixed sparsity S), the optimal L 1 -sparse algorithm has polynomial complexity in sample support, O(NS). Numerical studies included in this paper illustrate the theoretical developments and demonstrate the remarkable robustness to faulty data/measurements of the calculated sparse-L 1 principal components.
Renal Angina Is a Sensitive, but Nonspecific Identifier of Postcardiac Surgery Acute Kidney Injury.

Objectives Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of cardiac surgery, and early detection is difficult. This study was performed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and statistical performance of renal angina (RA) as an early predictor of AKI in an adult cardiac surgical patient population. Design Retrospective, nonrandomized, observational study. Setting A single, university-affiliated, quaternary medical center. Participants The study comprised 324 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or cardiac valvular surgery from February 1 through July 30, 2014. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results One hundred-seven patients at moderate or high risk of developing postoperative renal injury were identified, 82 of whom met criteria for RA. The occurrence of RA was found to have an 80.9% sensitivity and 30.8% specificity for the prediction of AKI using Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria and 89.3% sensitivity and 27.8% specificity when paired with the Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End Stage Renal Disease criteria. A receiver operating characteristic area under the curve analysis revealed a nonsignificant predictive ability of 55.8% (95% confidence interval 0.47-0.65) when RA was paired with Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria; however, the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve was significant when paired with Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End Stage Renal Disease criteria, with a predictive ability of 0.586 (0.509-0.662). Conclusions RA is a sensitive, but nonspecific, predictor of postcardiac surgery AKI, with clinical utility most suited as a screening tool.
Unsteady EHL: ‘Nodal’ & ‘Modal’ Formulations

A novel and rigorous ‘inverse hydrodynamic’ approach is described in a companion paper for problems of unsteady elastohydrodynamic lubrication. In it all spatially-distributed quantities are represented by nodal values via finite element discretization. Though the formulation accommodates piezoviscous lubricant models as well as planar, cylindrical, and spherical geometries, it is illustrated here by the prototypical planar example of normal approach of a lightly-loaded rigid indenter to a discretized elastic solid separated by a nearly isoviscous lubricant film. Results from the new ‘nodal’ formulation are compared with those from a previous (and more approximate) ‘modal’ approach to unsteady EHL computation.
Short communication: pharmacokinetics of oxytocin administered intranasally to beef cattle.

Abstract Providing the neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin intranasally increased concentrations in plasma and cerebral spinal fluid in humans and primates, respectively. This is of interest because of the documented anxiolytic effects of oxytocin observed in humans and rodents. To date, a transnasal approach of hormone administration has not been investigated in beef cattle. Defining the pharmacokinetics of intranasal oxytocin in cattle is necessary for determining optimum sampling and dosing timelines for future investigations. Five, weaned Bos taurus steers were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Treatments included 1) 0.33 IU oxytocin/kg BW (A, n = 5), 2) 0.66 IU oxytocin/kg BW (B, n = 5), and 3) 1.32 IU oxytocin/kg BW (C, n = 5). Steers were acclimated to handling and restraint procedures for 4 wk leading up to the start of the experiment. Frequent blood collection occurred every 2 min for the first 30 min and every 5 min for the second 30 min, relative to administration of intranasal treatment. No treatment by time interaction was detected; however, there was an effect of time (P
What Is Entropy

In this chapter Clausius’ 1865 macroscopic, thermodynamic definition of entropy is united with Boltzmann’s 1877 atomistic, probabilistic definition of entropy.
Distributed Sparse Activity Detection in Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems

Distributed sparse activity detection in cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is considered in this paper. At the beginning of each channel coherence interval, all the active users send pilots to the access points (APs). Then, each AP makes its own decision on the activity of all the users based on the approximate message passing (AMP) iterative procedure. Following this, the optimal fusion rule is used at the fusion center to make the final decisions on the activity of all the users based on the individual decisions and the corresponding reliability obtained at all the APs. The performance levels of this distributed sparse activity detection method are analyzed with Monte Carlo simulations.
From Constructivism to Active Learning in College Science

In recent years college science instructors have been buffeted by four interrelated but essentially independent challenges with potentially strong implications for classroom teaching. The first of these challenges is the widespread and deeply felt dissatisfaction with the status quo registered by many science students and extensively documented by Seymour and Hewitt (Seymour E, Hewitt N, Talking about leaving: why undergraduates leave the sciences. Westview Press, Boulder, 1997). The second and third are the epistemological (Kuhn T, The structure of scientific revolutions. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1962) and cognitive (Atkinson R, Shiffrin R, Human memory: a proposed system and its control processes. In Spence K, Spence J (eds) The psychology of learning and motivation. Academic, New York, 1968) revolutions upending the cherished notion of the objective observer in science. And the fourth is the growing recognition of the importance of collaborative work in the natural sciences (Vygotsky L, Mind in society: the development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1978) and in disciplines outside of science. This chapter offers a framework for thinking about and constructing active learning environments, providing a rational, evidence-based, and discipline-centered response to these challenges.
Neurology Problem Based Learning with Limited Neurologist Resources is Feasible (2774)

Objective: To determine if a single neurologist can lead neurology PBL for an entire medical school class and assess the effect of a neurologist assisting in facilitating during neurology module problem-based learning on student perception of knowledge gained. Background: Problem-based learning (PBL) groups are widely becoming integrated into medical school curriculum. During each module, clinicians from the specialty area of study help conduct PBL and facilitate students through cases. For example, during the neurology module, neurologist facilitate cases pertaining to their study. At the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV), there is a shortage of neurologists and it is not possible to have one neurologist lead multiple groups at once. Neurology PBL groups are therefore facilitated by non-physicians. The neurologist serves a few functions: 1) to create a written facilitator guide, 2) to open PBL to the entire class before splitting into small groups, 3) to make rounds during PBL sessions to ensure groups are on track and answer any questions, and 4) to serve as lead teacher during wrap-up of the PBL. Design/Methods: Using module surveys administered by UTRGV, we will compare student perception of PBL. Perceptions will be quantified by how they rated PBL. Data from previous modules will be used to compare surveys from the current neurology module. Results: Feedback from last year’s PBL session showed that 68.00% of students agree that neurology PBL was a useful way to learn about basic science and its application to patient care and clinical practice. Preliminary feedback from this year’s class indicates greater satisfaction with PBL than last year, where there was no neurologist involved, and formal feedback is in progress. Conclusions: Neurology PBL for an entire medical school class with a single neurologist is feasible, and appears effective based on preliminary feedback. We are awaiting formal feedback. Disclosure: Dr. Duncan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lopez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dobbs has nothing to disclose.
Direct Observation of Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction on Gold: Site Blocking by the Stern Layer Controls CO2 Adsorption Kinetics.

Directly observing active surface intermediates represents a major challenge in electrocatalysis, especially for CO2 electroreduction on Au. We use in-situ, plasmon-enhanced vibrational sum frequen...
Impact of governmental regulations on compliance with MMR immunizations in Northern California.

OBJECTIVE California's Senate Bill 277 (SB277) was mandated to reduce the prevalence of measles by eliminating personal belief exemptions. This study evaluated seven county-level records to determine the impact of SB277 on immunizations among kindergarteners in Northern California. DESIGN This study used a quantitative postintervention secondary data analysis. SAMPLE This study included three kindergarten schools in seven Northern California counties during three academic years from 2015 to 2019. MEASUREMENTS Sixty-three previously collected school measurements involving 4,626 students were included in a secondary analysis. The study used grouped logistic regression to evaluate the variations in immunization compliance records (2015-16 vs. 2017-18 and 2018-19) among kindergartners in seven counties. RESULTS This study found no significant differences in (1) overall county-level measures and (2) the likelihood that kindergartners would be current with measles-mumps-rubella (MMR; OR = 1.12, CI = 0.79-1.62) or be up-to-date with five immunizations (OR = 1.08, CI = 0.77-1.52) post-SB277 versus pre-SB277. CONCLUSION This study showed that SB277 had a small clinical but nonstatistically significant impact on kindergartners' up-to-date with up-to-date rates of compliance with five immunizations and those current with two doses of MMR in seven Northern California counties. Despite the passing of SB277, vaccine-hesitant parents have continued to seek alternatives to immunizations.
Droplet sample preparation for single-cell proteomics applied to the cell cycle

Many biological functions, such as the cell division cycle, are intrinsically single-cell processes regulated in part by protein synthesis and degradation. Investigating such processes has motivated the development of single-cell mass spectrometry (MS) proteomics. To further advance single-cell MS proteomics, we developed a method for automated nano-ProteOmic sample Preparation (nPOP). nPOP uses piezo acoustic dispensing to isolate individual cells in 300 picoliter volumes and performs all subsequent preparation steps in small droplets on a hydrophobic slide. This allows massively parallel sample preparation, including lysing, digesting, and labeling individual cells in volumes below 20 nl. Single-cell protein analysis using nPOP classified cells by cell type and by cell cycle phase. Furthermore, the data allowed us to quantify the covariation between cell cycle protein markers and thousands of proteins. Based on this covariation, we identify cell cycle associated proteins and functions that are shared across cell types and those that differ between cell types.
Double-Conversion, Noise-Cancelling Receivers Using Modulated LNTAs and Double-Layer Passive Mixers for Concurrent Signal Reception With Tuned RF Interface

A double-conversion, noise-cancelling receiver architecture is presented that consists of a double-layer mixer-first branch and two quadrature-modulated LNTA branches. The two layers of passive mixing in the mixer-first branch up-convert the low-pass, baseband impedance and create concurrent, narrowband impedance matching at $(F_{{LO}} \pm F_{{IF}})$ , as well as concurrently receive signals around these two RF carriers while rejecting spurious responses without using any IF filters. To improve the noise performance, quadrature-modulated LNTA branches are incorporated to allow frequency-translational, noise cancellation for better receiver sensitivity. Double conversion is achieved in the LNTA branches by periodically varying the LNTA transconductance and current-mode, passive mixing. A generalized, linear time-varying (LTV) analysis of the receiver is presented and verified with behavioral-model simulation results.
Are squirrels and ants smart shoppers? How foraging choices may meet current and future needs

Abstract You will be designing a controlled experiment to observe food choices, to observe what is done with the selected food items, and to determine whether the food choices appear to be adaptive. Although you will attempt to control for all the variables that may influence the food choices made by your animals, you will almost surely find that you could not control for every potentially important variable. Once you have obtained the results of your initial experiment, you will be asked to design one or two follow-up experiments targeted to test for the potential effect of variables not controlled in your initial experiment.
Inference Claims as Assertions

When a speaker states an argument in arguing—in its core sense—for the conclusion, the speaker asserts, as opposed to merely implies or implicates, the associated inference claim to the effect that the conclusion follows from the premises. In defense of this, I argue that how an inference claim is conveyed when stating an argument is constrained by constitutive and normative conditions for core cases of the speech of arguing for a conclusion. The speech act of assertion better reflects such conditions than does implication, conversational implicature, or conventional implicature.
Thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms: Treatment outcomes of direct oral anticoagulants and vitamin K antagonists.

Background Patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), such as polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), are at an increased risk of recurrent thromboembolic events (TEs) and hemorrhagic complications. Anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) had been the standard of care until the recent US Food and Drug Administration approval of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis. However, since patients with MPNs were underrepresented in large studies, the use of DOACs in patients with MPN-associated thrombosis remains understudied. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to establish the incidence of recurrent TEs and hemorrhagic complications in patients with MPN-associated thrombosis treated with DOACs versus VKAs as first-line therapy. Methods Data from 30 patients ≥18 years old with established diagnoses of PV or ET who were treated with either DOACs or VKAs as the first-line anticoagulant for arterial and/or venous thrombosis were reviewed to determine the incidence of recurrent TEs as well as hemorrhagic complications. Results Nineteen patients were treated with DOACs, and 11 were treated with VKAs. Of those on DOACs, 1 had a recurrent thrombosis, and 4 had bleeding events. Of the 11 patients treated with VKAs, 1 had a recurrent thrombotic event, and 1 had a bleeding event. Conclusion Our data did not demonstrate a significant difference in recurrent TEs or bleeding events in patients with MPN-associated thrombosis anticoagulated with either DOACs or VKAs.