cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Turning Weapons into Flowers

This essay explores the synergies between ecowomanism and Bon, a spiritual tradition that is indigenous to Tibet. It develops the concept of “ecospirituality,” a nature-inspired spiritual way of knowing and living, arguing that ecowomanism and Bon gravitate toward each other for their shared ecospiritual sensibility. This sensibility has the potential to generate and sustain possibilities for social and environment wellbeing. An examination of the ecospiritual synergies between ecowomanism and Bon can inspire new ways of knowing and help create constructive methods of making positive changes at individual, social, and environmental levels.
Urolithiasis in a children's hospital: 1985-1990.

We performed a retrospective study of patients who had urinary tract stones and were seen at our hospital from 1985–1990. The study was intended to determine the prevalence of urolithiasis and optimal approaches to imaging. Clinical data and imaging studies of 87 patients were reviewed. The mean age was 15.7 years with a range of 3 months to 44 years. Fifty-four percent of patients were male. Most patients had a known predisposing cause for urolithiasis; patients with myelodysplasia and structural urologic problems predominated. Plain films were performed in 77 patients; 57% showed stones. Ultrasonograms were performed in 71 patients; 77% showed stones. Excretory urograms (EU) were performed in 49 patients; 84% showed either stones or their effect on the urinary tract. Computed tomographic (CT) scan was performed in 25 patients; all showed stones.
Efficiency and Kinetics of Energy Transfer in Chlorosome Antennas from Green Photosynthetic Bacteria

Green photosynthetic bacteria are anoxygenic prokaryotes that contain a light gathering antenna complex known as a chlorosome (for reviews see references 1–2). The chlorosome is an ellipsoidal structure of dimensions approximately 100 nm × 30 nm × 12 nm in the green gliding bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus and somewhat larger in the green sulfur bacteria such as Chlorobium vibrioforme. The chlorosome is bounded by an envelope thought to be a lipid monolayer with some associated proteins. It is attached to the cytoplasmic side of the inner cell membrane, with additional membrane-bound antenna complexes and reaction centers embedded within the membrane (Fig. 1). Chlorosomes contain approximately 10,000 molecules of bacteriochlorophyll c, d or e and smaller amounts of BChl a and carotenoids.
Human trafficking matters: Next steps

workers), training often is directed to only one of these two areas. However, to sustain and elevate public concern of human trafficking, both a multi-sector approach (law enforcement, schools, churches, non-governmental organizations, businesses, social services) and training on all types of human trafficking is necessary for success. A second strategy promoting the prevention of human trafficking has been the utilization of hotlines phone numbers made available for both witnesses and victims of human trafficking. Research on the effectiveness of hotlines is lacking, and still unknown is the extent to which hotlines either raise awareness of the issue of human trafficking for the general public or the extent to which they provide the most useful means for victims to extract themselves from human trafficking. Future research would necessarily be localized, but social scientists should consider how other means of communication might be more relevant for implementation and evaluation. For example, in the past, personal contact by outreach workers to street children has been believed to be an effective means to contact victims of commercial sexual exploitation, but today, the evolution of social media and technology use by minors may provide more effective interventions. Regarding the prosecution of offenders, criminal justice researchers have struggled to define the exact nature and extent of human trafficking both at the local, national and global levels. Part of the difficulty in determining exactly how prevalent human trafficking is in a given area is the confusing manner in which crimes are prosecuted. For example, a person might be charged with the criminal offenses of prostitution and/or kidnapping in addition to human trafficking, with some of these charges later dropped as part of plea bargaining.
Synthesis and characterization of a tetranickel complex supported by a dithiolate framework with pendant ether moieties

We report here the synthesis of a novel dithiolate ligand framework with pendant ether groups. Metallation reactions were performed with nickel(II) precursors, in the presence of base, leading to a tetranuclear nickel(II) species, as evidenced by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. A C2v symmetric structure is observed, with the NiII centers in a square arrangement. Each NiII center is coordinated by four bridging thiolates.
Effects of Explicit Vocabulary Videos Delivered through iPods on Students with Language Impairments.

Poor word learning is a hallmark characteristic of students with specific language impairment (SLI). Explicit vocabulary instruction has shown to positively improve word learning in this population...
Reactive Melt Extrusion To Improve the Dissolution Performance and Physical Stability of Naproxen Amorphous Solid Dispersions

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reaction between naproxen (NPX) and meglumine (MEG) at elevated temperature and to study the effect of this reaction on the physical stabilities and in vitro drug-release properties of melt-extruded naproxen amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Differential scanning calorimetry, hot-stage polarized light microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses demonstrated that in situ salt formation with proton transfer between NPX and MEG occurred at elevated temperature during the melt extrusion process. The amorphous NPX–MEG salt was physically most stable when two components were present at a 1:1 molar ratio. Polymeric carriers, including povidone, copovidone, and SOLUPLUS, did not interfere with the reaction between NPX and MEG during melt extrusion. Compared to the traditional NPX ASDs consisting of NPX and polymer only, NPX–MEG ASDs were physically more stable and remained amorphous following four months stor...
Benzotriazoles Reactivate Latent HIV-1 through Inactivation of STAT5 SUMOylation

Summary The presence of latent HIV-1 in infected individuals represents a major barrier preventing viral eradication. For that reason, reactivation of latent viruses in the presence of antiretroviral regimens has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy to achieve remission. We screened for small molecules and identified several benzotriazole derivatives with the ability to reactivate latent HIV-1. In the presence of IL-2, benzotriazoles reactivated and reduced the latent reservoir in primary cells, and, remarkably, viral reactivation was achieved without inducing cell proliferation, T cell activation, or cytokine release. Mechanistic studies showed that benzotriazoles block SUMOylation of phosphorylated STAT5, increasing STAT5's activity and occupancy of the HIV-1 LTR. Our results identify benzotriazoles as latency reversing agents and STAT5 signaling and SUMOylation as targets for HIV-1 eradication strategies. These compounds represent a different direction in the search for "shock and kill" therapies.
Cisplatin-Induced Hyperactivity in the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus and Its Relation to Outer Hair Cell Loss: Relevance to Tinnitus

Cisplatin causes both acute and chronic forms of tinnitus as well as increases in spontaneous neural activity (hyperactivity) in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) of hamsters. It has been hypothesi...
Gating Kinetics of Stochastic Single K Channels

Recent papers by Conti and Neher (1980) and by Sigworth and Neher (1980) have shown that the conducting state of a single K+ or Na+ channel is “all-or-none”; that is, the channel is either open or closed. The actual occurrence of transitions between these two states appears to be a stochastic process. Nevertheless, the probability of finding a single channel in the open state is a function of voltage and time.
Zinc, Oxidative Stress in the Elderly and Implications for Inflammation

The essentiality of zinc for humans was established only 50 years ago. Zinc deficiency is now known to affect nearly two billion people in the developing world. It adversely affects cell-mediated immunity and increases oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. In the developed countries nearly 30% of the elderly are zinc deficient. Many chronic diseases seen in the elderly – such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, Parkinson’s disease and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) – may be due to chronic inflammation and increased oxidative stress. Zinc supplementation studies in the elderly have shown a decreased incidence of infections, decreased oxidative stress and decreased generation of inflammatory cytokines. A decreased incidence of blindness in patients with AMD and an increased atheroprotective effect have been observed in the zinc-supplemented elderly. Zinc is a molecular signal for immune cells, and many transcription factors involved in gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules are regulated by zinc.
The Role of Collagen in Determining Ultrasonic Propagation Properties in Tissue

The processes responsible for affecting the propagation of an ultrasonic wave as it passes through biological tissue are poorly understood. In large part, the research into this area is at a correlation level as contrasted to a modelling level. In other words, contemporary research is studying the relationships between ultrasonic properties of tissue and other tissue properties in order to elucidate trends. With very few important exceptions, minute information has prevented any successful modelling.
Intracellular regulation of GABAA-receptor function.

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) was reported to occur in brain tissue in 1950 in three studies (Awapara et al., 1950; Roberts and Frankel, 1950; Udenfriend, 1950). A long and often controversial discussion about the function of GABA (for review see Roberts, 1986) followed. Physiological effects of GABA were first studied at the crustacean neuromuscular junction (for review see Takeuchi, 1976 Kravitz et al., 1968). The role of GABA as inhibitory transmitter in the mammalian CNS was established in 1967 through electrophysiological studies comparing the properties of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials with responses to iontophoretically applied GABA: GABA-induced hyperpolarization was accompanied by a large increase in membrane conductance (Krnjevic and Schwartz, 1967). It is now widely accepted that GABA is the main transmitter of synaptic inhibition in the mammalian CNS. The notion of a transmitter function of GABA has been corroborated by a variety of studies: the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (L-glutamate-1carboxylase, EC 4.1.1.15) is concentrated in nerve terminals of GABAergic neurons (Salganicoff and De Robertis, 1965; Fonnum, 1968; Fonnum and Walberg, 1973; Saito et al., 1974). GABA is released from brain tissue upon stimulation by a Ca2+-dependent mechanism (Srinivasan et al., 1969; Obata and Takeda, 1969; Iversen et al., 1971; Roberts, 1974) and is eliminated from extracellular spaces by a Na+-dependent uptake into nerve cells or glial cells (Iversen and Neal, 1968; Henn and Hamberger, 1971; Bloom and Iversen, 1971; Schrier and Thompson,1974).
The Axiom of Choice

The ZF axioms allow us to assert the existence of any set whose members are selected according to some definable “rule”—this is essentially what the replacement schema says. However, we often want to assert the existence of a set without knowing a rule for selecting its members. Typically, the members are simply “chosen” from other sets, but not according to any “rule.” When infinitely many choices are required, we may not be able to guarantee the existence of the set without some axiom of choice.
Chapter 13 – Mechanical Implications of Faraday's Law: Motors and Generators

The original motor and generator designs had large amounts of conductor in their metal casing (for structural strength) and in their iron cores (to confine the magnetic field). When subjected to time-varying magnetic fields, these conducting materials had electromotive forces (emfs) induced in them by Faraday's law. Hence, by Ohm's law, currents were induced. Such currents were not needed in the casing and the core, so the resulting Joule heating constituted a huge waste of energy. The problem was solved by the usage of less solid metal in the casting. In alternating current (ac) motors and generators, the iron in the electromagnet caused unnecessary heating because the applied magnetic field cycled the iron in a very lossy fashion, known as hysteresis. Considerable energy was lost in demagnetizing, and it was not recovered on remagnetizing. Use of grain-oriented steel offered the solution. The chapter provides a simple model called linear machine, for direct current (dc) motor and generator. Newton's law for motion describes the linear machine.
Graduate and undergraduate university programs in wind energy in the United States

Advances in wind energy technology and continued expansion of wind energy into the United States and global electricity grids will depend upon an educated and skilled workforce. While wind energy t...
Estimating the Effect of Social Influence on Subsequent Reviews

This study proposes an effective way of using retailer-prompted review data from TripAdvisor to measure the social network effect in self-motivated online reviews by overcoming the reflection problem. After applying the network effect model, we find that self-motivated review ratings are positively associated with previous corresponding peer reviews. We further show that the size of this peer effect attenuates as the peer reviews are located further away from the first page. This study suggests that reviewer ratings are more strongly influenced by peer ratings located on the visible page.
Test of Supply Noise for Emerging Non-Volatile Memory

Emerging Non-Volatile Memories (NVMs) suffer from high read/write current which can result in supply noise such as voltage droop and ground bounce. The magnitude of supply noise depends on the old data and the new data that is being written (for a write operation) or the stored data (for a read operation). In prior work, it has been shown that the noise generated by one access can affect another parallel access. Therefore, parallel read/write operation should be tested considering the supply noise. However, testing for read/write failure with supply noise considerations can take significant test time. In this work, we show that test time can be reduced by 410.82X for RRAM-based NVM Last Level Cache (LLC) by using Design for Test (DFT) circuits such as wordline overdrive and ending write operation early. We also show that the proposed test can save 79.875J of energy compared to the baseline test method.
Perception of the Risk of Stroke and the Risks and Benefits of Oral Anticoagulation for Stroke Prevention in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Objective To assess the perception of the risk of stroke and the risks and benefits of oral anticoagulation (OAC) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Patients and Methods Consecutive patients with chronic AF who presented for an outpatient cardiology visit or were admitted to a noncritical care cardiology ward service from September 15 through December 20, 2017, were invited to participate in this survey. Participants were asked to estimate their stroke risk without OAC and bleeding risk with OAC using a quantitative risk scale. The reported values were compared with subjectively estimated risks derived from the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores. Similarly, we compared patient perception of the stroke risk reduction afforded with OAC compared with what is reported in the literature. Results A total of 227 patients were included in the analysis. The mean ± SD CHA2DS2-VASc score was 4.3±1.6, and HAS-BLED score was 2.3±1.2. Atrial fibrillation was paroxysmal in 53.3% and persistent/permanent in 46.7%. There was a negligible correlation between patient perceived and estimated risk of stroke (r=0.07; P=.32), and bleeding (r=0.16; P=.02). Most patients overestimated their risks of stroke and bleeding: 120 patients (52.9%) perceived an annual stroke risk greater than 20%, and 115 (53.5%) perceived an annual bleeding risk with OAC greater than 10%. Most patients (n=204; 89.9%) perceived that OAC would reduce their annual stroke risk by at least 50%. Conclusion Perceived risks of stroke and bleeding are markedly overestimated in most patients with AF. Further research is needed to discern the root causes and to identify effective methods of bridging this alarming disparity.
The analysis of shape data including normalization and the impact on prompt fission neutron spectrum measurements

Abstract While measurements of physical quantities contain an intrinsic absolute scale based on details of the experiment, sometimes only the value of each measured data point relative to the others, i.e., the shape, is of interest. In contrast to absolute measurements of quantities like nuclear cross sections, shape measurements are unique in that the result is contained entirely in the relative value of each measured point with respect to all others. This fundamental attribute of shape data is sometimes discussed by data evaluators, but it is common that shape data are reported by experimenters with covariances directly from the raw data as though an absolute measurement has been performed, thereby misrepresenting the true knowledge of the measured shape. A normalization procedure must be carried out including careful covariance propagation in order to accurately represent the uncertainty in a measured shape. Known consequences of this procedure, such as the exclusion of constant fully-correlated uncertainties, are sometimes applied ad hoc to shape data. However, normalization also produces features of shape data that are otherwise difficult to apply, such as partial exclusion of strongly-correlated uncertainty sources, a redistribution of uncertainties across data points, and consistency of the covariance matrix obtained when combining separate shape measurements. In this work all of the above features are shown in a generalized fashion and exhibited using prompt fission neutron spectrum data from the Chi-Nu experiment with recommendations for analysis of future shape measurements.
Rigorous uncertainty quantification and design with uncertain material models

Abstract We assess a method of quantification of margins and uncertainties (QMU) in applications where the main source of uncertainty is an imperfect knowledge or characterization of the material behavior. The aim of QMU is to determine adequate design margins given quantified uncertainties and a desired level of confidence in the design. We quantify uncertainties through rigorous probability bounds computed by exercising an existing deterministic code in order to sample the mean response and identify worst-case combinations of parameters. The resulting methodology is non-intrusive and can be wrapped around existing solvers. The use of rigorous probability bounds ensures that the resulting designs are conservative to within a desired level of confidence. We assess the QMU framework by means of an application concerned with sub-ballistic impact of AZ31B Mg alloy plates. We assume the design specification to be a maximum allowable backface deflection of the plate. As a simple scenario, we specifically assume that, under the conditions of interest, the plate is well-characterized by the Johnson-Cook model, but the parameters of the model are uncertain. In calculations, we use the commercial finite-element package LS-Dyna and DAKOTA Version 6.7. The assessment demonstrates the feasibility of the approach and how it results in high-confidence designs that are well-within the practical range of engineering application.
Temperature Rise in Sliding Solids: Influence of Contact Pressure and Temperature on Thermal Conduction

Accurate estimation of temperature rise for sliding solids is still challenging. Part of the challenge is accounting for the actual thermal behavior of the solids while sliding (i.e., the nonlinear effects taking place because of sliding conditions and their evolutionary path). Conventionally, only temperature-induced influence on transport properties has been considered. However, thermal properties of the solids also depend on contact stress, the rate of strain, and the rate of heat generation. The contact stress within the mechanically affected zone, even considering the hardness of the softest of the sliding pair, can reach several thousand times the value of atmospheric pressure. Under such a condition, thermal conductivity of many materials show a different behavior than that manifested under standard conditions. This work considers such an influence and its effect on the evolution of temperature. The results show that conventional estimates can considerably under-estimate the actual temperature rise. It is also shown that initial loading, may result in the contacting materials behaving as a layered structure, with each layer having a different capacity of thermal load dissipation. Depending on the distribution of that capacity, dissipation of friction heat may be constrained which may accelerate wear.
Operational retrieval of atmospheric temperature, moisture, and ozone from MODIS infrared radiances

The algorithm for retrieving atmospheric temperature, moisture, and total column ozone using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) longwave infrared radiances is presented. The operational MODIS algorithm performs clear sky retrievals globally over land and ocean for both day and night. The algorithm is based on a regression and has an option to follow the statistical retrieval with a nonlinear physical retrieval. The regression coefficients are determined from an extension of the NOAA-88 data set containing more than 8400 global radiosonde measurements of atmospheric temperature, moisture and ozone profiles. Evaluation of atmospheric products is performed by a comparison with data from ground-based instrumentation, geostationary infrared sounders, and polar orbiting microwave sounders. MODIS moisture products are in general agreement with the gradients and distributions from the other satellites, while MODIS depicts more detailed structure with its improved spatial resolution.
‘‘Paspanguwa’’; A Traditional Sri Lankan Herbal Drink

Medicinal plants play a crucial role in curing several health problems, particularly, in developing countries. Sri Lanka has a great history of practising traditional medicine. Among the several forms of traditional herbal drinks, ‘‘Paspanguwa’’ (PP) became a much popular one in Sri Lanka, due to its various health benefits. Coriandrum sativum, Coscinium fenestratum, Hedyotis corymbosa, Solanum xanthocarpum and Zingiber officinale are the primary ingredients used in the preparation of the PP. In this chapter, we highlighted the importance of PP, with special reference to it’s added ingredients.
Radiation Oncology: Modern Review of Treatment Toxicity

Radiation therapy has undergone an extraordinary transformation in treatment technology. Daily patient care is vastly different today than the past with less normal tissue in the treatment field and fewer acute sequelae during and immediately post therapy. It is anticipated that modern therapy will decrease acute effects during treatment. Modern primary care physicians and internal medicine/emergency physicians will encounter more patients in their practice who are survivors of therapy. In this paper we review current expectations for clinical sequelae of management and strategies to both identify and manage treatment effects moving forward including what is needed in the medical record for evaluation of late effects.
Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) in the Laboratory Mouse

Biomedical research has been hugely enriched by the advent of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM). The latest genome editing technologies have enabled the development of numerous targeted genome-edited animals. GEMMs are valuable assets to the researchers for studying the pathophysiology of several human diseases. For the development of such animal models, assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in the laboratories play a very crucial role. ART helps in the preservation of valuable strains and safeguards them from infectious disease outbreaks and natural calamities. This also helps in the global distribution of strains to fulfill the research demands. ARTs involve superovulation, in vitro fertilization, cryopreservation of germplasms, and embryo transfer. The principles and practical aspects of ARTs are described.
Quick Quantum Circuit Simulation

Quick Quantum Circuit Simulation (QQCS) is a software system for computing the result of a quantum circuit using a notation that derives directly from the circuit, expressed in a single input line. Quantum circuits begin with an initial quantum state of one or more qubits, which are the quantum analog to classical bits. The initial state is modified by a sequence of quantum gates, quantum machine language instructions, to get the final state. Measurements are made of the final state and displayed as a classical binary result. Measurements are postponed to the end of the circuit because a quantum state collapses when measured and produces probabilistic results, a consequence of quantum uncertainty. A circuit may be run many times on a quantum computer to refine the probabilistic result. Mathematically, quantum states are 2 n -dimensional vectors over the complex number field, where n is the number of qubits. A gate is a 2 n ×2 n unitary matrix of complex values. Matrix multiplication models the application of a gate to a quantum state. QQCS is a mathematical rendering of each step of a quantum algorithm represented as a circuit, and as such, can present a trace of the quantum state of the circuit after each gate, compute gate equivalents for each circuit step, and perform measurements at any point in the circuit without state collapse. Output displays are in vector coefficients or Dirac bra-ket notation. It is an easy-to-use educational tool for students new to quantum computing.
The sufficiency of arithmetic progressions for the 3+1 Conjecture

Define T: Z + → Z + by T(x) = (3x+1)/2 if x is odd and T (x) = x/2 if x is even. The 3x +1 Conjecture states that the T-orbit of every positive integer contains 1. A set of positive integers is said to be sufficient if the T-orbit of every positive integer intersects the T-orbit of an element of that set. Thus to prove the 3x+1 Conjecture it suffices to prove it on some sufficient set. Andaloro proved that the sets 1 + 2 n N are sufficient for n < 4 and asked if 1 + 2 n N is also sufficient for larger values of n. We answer this question in the affirmative by proving the stronger result that A + BN is sufficient for any nonnegative integers A and B with B ≠ 0, i.e. every nonconstant arithmetic sequence forms a sufficient set. We then prove analagous results for the Divergent Orbits Conjecture and Nontrivial Cycles Conjecture.
Cardiac swelling associated with linear radiofrequency ablation in the atrium.

Objectives: To characterize myocardial swelling in response to application of endocardial radio- frequency ablation lesions. Background: In individual patients, we have observed that ablation in the posterior right atrium was associated with echocardiographic evidence of atrial and contiguous right pulmonary vein wall swelling. Methods: 1. Human Subjects: “linear” ablation was performed in the posterior right atrium in 10 subjects; a portion of the ablation lesion was contiguous to the right pulmonary vein; this area was defined as the “contiguity zone”. In the contiguity zone, right atrial wall thickness and pulmonary vein lumen diameter were measured utilizing intracardiac echocardiography. Measurements were made just prior to (baseline) and immediately after ablation. 2. Porcine Subjects: linear ablation was performed in the posterior right atrium of 14 pigs. In the contiguity zone, atrial wall thickness, interstitial space thickness, right pulmonary vein wall thickness and lumen diameter were measured using intracardiac echocardiography. Measurements were made at baseline, immediately after ablation, and at 1, 4, 8 or 12 weeks after ablation (followup). Post-mortem pathologic evaluation of the contiguity zone was performed. Results: 1. Human Subjects: Immediately after ablation, relative to baseline right atrial wall thickness was significantly increased (9.4±3.1[emsp4 ]mm versus 5.4±1.5[emsp4 ]mm) and right pulmonary vein lumen diameter was significantly decreased (6.2±2.9[emsp4 ]mm versus 8.1±2.9[emsp4 ]mm). 2. Porcine Subjects: Immediately after ablation, right atrial wall thickness (4.1±1.2[emsp4 ]mm), interstitial space thickness (1.9±1.1[emsp4 ]mm), and right pulmonary vein wall thickness (1.2±0.4[emsp4 ]mm) were each significantly increased relative to baseline (1.0±0.3[emsp4 ]mm, 0±0[emsp4 ]mm, and 0.7±0.2[emsp4 ]mm, respectively) and pulmonary vein lumen diameter was significantly decreased (5.0±1.4[emsp4 ]mm versus 6.9±2.2[emsp4 ]mm). Similar findings were made at the 1 week followup interval. At 4, 8 and 12 week followup intervals, thicknesses and lumen diameter were not significantly different from baseline. At post-mortem examination, direct measurements of wall thickness were significantly correlated with echocardiographic measurements. Histologic analysis demonstrated edema to be the cause of the early wall thickness and lumen diameter changes. Ablation lesions were transmural in the right atria of all animals; in some animals, lesion formation was also observed in the pulmonary vein wall. Conclusions: Cardiac edema resulting from right atrial linear ablation results in swelling of atrial and contiguous right pulmonary vein walls, as well as the interposed extracardiac interstitial space. These changes are associated with a decrease in pulmonary vein lumen diameter. Swelling evolves rapidly and resolves within 4 weeks.
The Music Has Gone Out of the Movement: Civil Rights and the Johnson Administration, 1965–1968 – By David C. Carter

What happened to the civil rights movement following the successful campaign in Selma, Alabama? Did “dissension and pessimism” replace “harmony and optimism” (xv)? And to the extent that it did, wh...
Concepts on Measuring the Benefits of Software Process Improvements

Abstract : The software community initially became aware of process improvement from the works of Deming, Juran, and Crosby. The current awareness and activity regarding software process improvement was sparked by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) with the release of its original software process maturity model. Following the advice of the SEI, many software organizations initiated software process improvement efforts to improve the quality of their products by improving the processes that produce those products. The question that many managers are continually asking today, though, is: How much has my organization benefited from the changes we have made? Unfortunately, many organizations did not include a method of measuring those benefits in their improvement activities. This report describes some concepts that organizations can tailor and build upon to develop a method for determining the benefits they have received from their software process improvement activities.
Development and Application of a Radioimmunoassay for Plasma Glucagon

We report sensitive radioimmunoassay procedures for glucagon-like immunoreactivity and for pancreatic glucagon, with use of antisera generated in rabbits by the injection of glucagon covalently coupled to thyroglobulin. Optimum assay conditions were determined. These assays have absolute limits of sensitivity of 10 to 20 pg, an intra-assay coefficient of variation of 8%, and an inter-assay coefficient of variation of up to 22%. In human infants 30 minutes after birth, glucagon concentration was 227 ± 27 pg/ml (SEM), and glucagon-like immunoreactivity increased sharply with oral feeding. In children and adolescents, plasma glucagon concentrations during fasting, the increase in response to arginine stimulation, and the suppression after oral glucose loading were similar to values previously reported in adults. Problems inherent in the methodology for measuring plasma glucagon are discussed.
Radiometry with Quasihomogeneous Sources

Radiometric expressions are derived on the basis of statistical wave theory, for the spectral density and the spectral flux vector in fields generated by planar, secondary, quasihomogeneous sources. The results are illustrated by examples involving a Lambertian source and Gaussian-correlated sources.
Coronary spasm and cardiac arrest after coronary arteriography in unsuspected thyrotoxicosis.

Abstract Coronary artery spasm causing myocardial ischemia has been reported in thyrotoxicosis. 1,2 Patients with thyrotoxicosis may present with myocardial ischemia, but not necessarily have signs or symptoms that would alert the clinician to the underlying endocrine problem. 3 Coronary arteriography in these patients is potentially risky because of the iodine load contained in intravascular contrast agents. Although coronary arteriography is associated with a variety of complications (with most related to vascular injury or embolic phenomenon), 4 coronary spasm resulting in ventricular fibrillation hours after coronary arteriography has not been reported.
Understanding Equity in the Recreation User Fee Context

Equity is a major public concern related to recreation fees on public lands. The purpose of this study was to test a three-dimensional model of equity and to examine the perceptions of equity across demographic segments. Data were collected by a telephone survey with residents (N = 366) of two western states. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-dimensional equity model in a recreation fee context. People tended to support democratic equity more than compensatory equity. Greater support was shown for discounted fees for the elderly and persons with disabilities than for discounts for ethnic minorities, low income people, or large families, suggesting the possibility of two sub-dimensions of the compensatory equity construct. Overall, the results do not support that disadvantaged groups seek discounted fees.
The effect of clipping guinea-pig hair and chronic radiodermatitis on diurnal (circadian) rhythms in epidermal labeling and mitotic indices.

Similar bimodal patterns of diurnal variations in epidermal labeling and mitotic indices (LI and MI) were found for nonclipped and clipped albino guineapig skin. Twenty-four hours after clipping, however, LI and MI increased about two-fold, and during the following 24 h their daily mean was significantly higher than that in nonclipped skin (11.1% and 0.60% versus 6.13% and 0.33%). The diurnal fluctuations in LI and MI and their daily means in radiation-induced hyperplastic epidermis (growing upon a dermis free of hair follicles and sebaceous glands), differed only slightly from that of the adjacent nonirradiated control. Using their mean diurnal LI, we calculated the mean turnover times of the basal layers of nonclipped, clipped, and skin associated with chronic radiodermatitis, as 110, 66, and 75 h, respectively.
Evolutionary relationships of the cup-fungus genus Peziza and Pezizaceae inferred from multiple nuclear genes: RPB2, β-tubulin, and LSU rDNA

Abstract To provide a robust phylogeny of Pezizaceae, partial sequences from two nuclear protein-coding genes, RPB2 (encoding the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II) and β-tubulin, were obtained from 69 and 72 specimens, respectively, to analyze with nuclear ribosomal large subunit RNA gene sequences (LSU). The three-gene data set includes 32 species of Peziza , and 27 species from nine additional epigeous and six hypogeous (truffle) pezizaceous genera. Analyses of the combined LSU, RPB2, and β-tubulin data set using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian approaches identify 14 fine-scale lineages within Pezizaceae. Species of Peziza occur in eight of the lineages, spread among other genera of the family, confirming the non-monophyly of the genus. Although parsimony analyses of the three-gene data set produced a nearly completely resolved strict consensus tree, with increased confidence, relationships between the lineages are still resolved with mostly weak bootstrap support. Bayesian analyses of the three-gene data, however, show support for several more inclusive clades, mostly congruent with Bayesian analyses of RPB2. No strongly supported incongruence was found among phylogenies derived from the separate LSU, RPB2, and β-tubulin data sets. The RPB2 region appeared to be the most informative single gene region based on resolution and clade support, and accounts for the greatest number of potentially parsimony informative characters within the combined data set, followed by the LSU and the β-tubulin region. The results indicate that third codon positions in β-tubulin are saturated, especially for sites that provide information about the deeper relationships. Nevertheless, almost all phylogenetic signal in β-tubulin is due to third positions changes, with almost no signal in first and second codons, and contribute phylogenetic information at the “fine-scale” level within the Pezizaceae. The Pezizaceae is supported as monophyletic in analyses of the three-gene data set, but its sister-group relationships is not resolved with support. The results advocate the use of RPB2 as a marker for ascomycete phylogenetics at the inter-generic level, whereas the β-tubulin gene appears less useful.
Hydrogen and defects in amorphous silicon.

Experimental evidence for two regimes in the relationship of the defect density to the hydrogenation state of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) is presented. A prevoius model for the defect density based on the two phases of bound hydrogen in a-Si:H is shown to account for the measured relationship.
Effects of Stress, Social Support and Coping Style on Adjustment to Pregnancy among Hispanic Women

The effects of stress, social support, and coping styles on both prepartum anxiety and intrapartum processes (labor and delivery complications, intrapartum analgesia requirements) were explored in ...
Helical configuration of single-stranded DNA.

Abstract Luzzati, Mathis, Masson & Witz (1964) have recently discovered an intermediate form of DNA which may be a single-stranded DNA in helical form. Its linear mass density is one nucleotide per 3;-4 A and its radius of gyration, R s , is 68% of that of the double helix form, R d . Based on the current notions of the intermolecular forces and the solvent effect, we deduce the most stable configuration of a single-stranded DNA. The London forces between the adjacent bases and the hydrophobic bondings are assumed to be the dominant factors. Calculations are carried out with the help of a model of simple geometry, the bases being treated as identical square plates. The result is a single helix of 5.5 bases per turn, having a radius of gyration 72% of R d , which is in good agreement with the experimental values. An alternative model using identical circular plates is also considered; it leads to similar results. Thus the choice of model is not crucial to our conclusions.
New Method to Measure Tensile Strength of Low Modulus Thin Films

In this study, we present a new fracture testing technique that can be used to determine the tensile strength of low strength thin films. This test utilizes standard photolithography processes to fabricate test samples and to perform the test. Finite element analysis is then used to extract tensile strength from the experimental data. This technique is demonstrated by measuring tensile strength values for parylene-C thin films. The polymer parylene-C is commonly deposited as a thin film and used in a wide range of applications, but few reports have been presented on its mechanical properties. Test samples were fabricated on glass slides with 100 nm of SiO2 and 1 μm or 3.64 μm of parylene-C. The tensile strength of parylene-C was determined to be in the range of 57 MPa by using finite element analysis to extract the tensile strength from the experimental data.
Association between reported screening and counseling about energy drinks and energy drink intake among U.S. adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: Possible adverse health consequences of excessive energy drink (ED) consumption have led to recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics discouraging ED intake by youth. However, limited information on ED counseling by health care providers exists. METHODS: Data was obtained from the 2011 YouthStyles Survey administered to youth aged 12-17 (n=815). The outcome variable was ED consumption (none vs. ≥1 time/week) and exposure variables were screening and counseling about ED (if doctor/nurse asked about ED consumption and if doctor/nurse recommended against ED consumption). RESULTS: Approximately 8.5% of youth consumed energy drinks weekly, 11.5% reported being asked by their doctor/nurse about frequency of ED consumption, and 11.1% were advised by their doctor/nurse against ED intake. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds for drinking ED ≥1 time/week was significantly higher in youth who were asked how often they drank ED by their doctor/nurse (odds ratio=2.46) vs. those who were not asked. CONCLUSION: About 1 in 9 youth reported receiving counseling discouraging ED consumption from their doctor/nurse, and a greater proportion of youth who were screened about ED also reported ED consumption. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Efforts by health care providers to educate youth about potential harms of consuming ED are needed. Language: en
Flexible recommendations over rich data

CourseRank is a course planning tool aimed at helping students at Stanford. Recommendations comprise an integral part of it. However, implementing existing recommendation methods leads to fixed recommendations that cannot adapt to each particular student's changing requirements and do not help exploit the full extent of the available learning opportunities at the university. In this paper, we describe the concept of a flexible recommendation workflow, i.e., a high-level description of a parameterized process for computing recommendations. The input parameters of a flexible recommendation process comprise the "knobs" that control the final output and hence generate flexible recommendations. We describe how flexible recommendations can be expressed over a relational database and we present our prototype system that allows defining and executing different, fully-parameterized, recommendation workflows over relational data. Finally, we describe a user interface in CourseRank that allows students customize recommendations.
The effect of maternal thrombophilia on placental abruption: Histologic correlates.

Objective. To determine if the histology of placental abruption differs by maternal thrombophilia status.Study design. This was a multicentre, case–control study of women with abruption and delivering at ≥20 weeks' gestation, collected as part of the ongoing New Jersey-placental abruption study. Women were identified by clinical criteria of abruption. Maternal blood was collected postpartum and tested for anticardiolipin antibodies, and mutations in the Factor V Leiden and prothrombin genes. Cases were comprised of women with an abruption and a positive thrombophilia screen. Controls were comprised of women with an abruption and a negative thrombophilia screen. All placental histology was systematically reviewed by two perinatal pathologists, blinded to the abruption status.Results. A total of 135 women with placental abruption were identified, of which 63.0% (n = 85) had at least one diagnosed maternal thrombophilia. There were increases in the rates of meconium-stained membranes (7.9%vs. 2.1%, p = 0.015...
Effects of histones on embryonic cells

Der Einfluss vom Kalbsthymus Histon (CTH) und seines diazotierten Derivatives (DCTH) auf Vitalitat und Zelldifferenzierung verschiedener Gewebe des Huhnerembryos wurde gepruft. Die LD50 fur CTH wurde bei 25µg/ml der Zellsuspensionen festgestellt. Es wurden keine bedeutenden Anderungen in der Differenzierung der embryonalen Gewebe in Kulturen bei sublethalen Konzentrationen gefunden.
The relation of the aortic root to the ventricular septum in tetralogy of Fallot.

Abstract Three cases of clinically classic tetralogy of Fallot are presented in which angiocardiographic studies demonstrated no overriding of the aorta. These studies indicate that many cases of tetralogy of Fallot should be considered as a type of ventricular septal defect with pulmonic stenosis, in which overriding of the aorta is of no functional or surgical importance.
Utility of the Head Computerized Tomography Scan in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Despite the widespread use of computerized tomography (CT) in child and adolescent psychiatry, studies have not looked at its overall usefulness in a clinical setting. In this report, the authors examined 122 inpatients who had CT scans of the head. Only 27 patients had an abnormal CT scan. None of the patients had a change made in the diagnosis or treatment as a result of the scan findings. The authors suggest that routine CT scans of the head in child and adolescent inpatients is of limited value. In view of the rising costs of medical investigations, and the risk of irradiation to the developing brain, they suggest the need for clear indications for this procedure in clinical child and adolescent psychiatry.
An overview of business process adaptations via protocols

Business process management in open environments poses special challenges. In particular, such environments are dynamic, thereby requiring frequent changes in business processes. Current business process modeling approaches handle such changes in an ad hoc manner, and lack a principled means of determining what needs to be changed and where.This paper provides an overview of process adaptability through a novel application of business protocols, especially of protocol composition, introduced in our previous work. Through a real business scenario of auto-insurance claim processing, this paper briefly describes how a wide range of adaptations can be handled naturally and systematically via protocol composition. The illustrated adaptations have been evaluated via a prototype.
THE BURMESE UNIVERSITY STUDENT: AN APPROACH TO PERSONALITY AND SUBCULTURE

This paper is an imaginative and enlightening survey of the opinions of about 700 students in the English classes at Mandalay and Rangoon Universities. What this "projective" experiment lacks in scientific precision, it seems to make up for in perceptive observations and conclusions about how Burmese students think and express themselves and, more especially, their views on education, careers, service to others, and personal pleasures. Julian Wohl is Chairman of the Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, and Josef Silverstein is Associate Professor of Political Science at Rutgers University. The data for this paper were collected while the authors were Fulbright lecturers at two universities in Burma in 1961-1962.
Power systems for current and future high performance computers

The design of high performance computers (also known as supercomputers), and increasing any new computer we think about, has a strong focus on system power delivery and regulation - from the wall plug to the contacts on the processor die. I will explain what we look for in a design, what past solutions we have used, and what ideas we are considering for our next systems.