cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of cycling temperatures on the voltage fade phenomenon in 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiNi0.375Mn0.375Co0.25O2 cathodes

Abstract The rate of voltage fade in 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiNi0.375Mn0.375Co0.25O2 cathodes was measured in half-cells in a temperature range of 25–55 °C. On the basis of the dependence of the values of the open-circuit potential with cycle count and temperature, the voltage fade phenomenon seems to consist of two chemical processes: one that can be described using a parabolic rate law and another that uses a linear-with-time law. As the cycling temperature increased, the relative contributions of the two processes changed. On the basis of the overall rate versus temperature data, we believe the two processes may be in competition with one another.
Do Insurers Compete on the Federal Health Insurance Exchange

Background : On the U.S. Federal Health Insurance Exchange established by the Affordable Care Act, states with fewer insurers have higher insurance premiums than states with more insurers. This expected feature of a competitive market has not been studied within states, however. We tested the hypothesis that insurance premiums decrease in more competitive geographic rating areas within states in the U.S.A. Methodology/principle findings : This cross-sectional study utilized publicly available premiums from the Federal Health Insurance Exchange website, www.healthcare.gov. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to model premiums based on the number of insurers in geographic rating areas. The relationship between premiums and the number of insurers competing in a geographic rating area was also calculated for each unique insurance plan offered on the exchange. The data set and statistical code used for this research is linked in the publication. We found that there was an unexpected, marginally positive relationship between average monthly premiums and the number of insurers in a geographic rating area (+$5.71 in monthly premiums per additional insurer, p<0.001). We also found that identical plans tend to be offered with marginally higher premiums in rating areas with more insurers (+$3.18 in monthly premiums per additional insurer, p=0.002), contrary to the relationship we expected from a competitive marketplace. The principle limitation of the study is that this unexpected relationship, which suggests a lack of competitiveness of this early market, could be due to unobserved confounding factors that influence pricing in more competitive rating areas. Conclusion : On the Federal Health Insurance Exchange, the price of insurance is higher in more competitive rating areas within states. This may be explained by lack of competition in this early stage market.
Incremental recrystallization/grain growth driven by elastic strain energy release in a thermomechanically fatigued lead-free solder joint

Abstract A single shear lap solder joint specimen with lead-free eutectic Sn–Ag solder on copper substrates was exposed to 1500 thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) cycles between −15° (3.5 h) and 150 °C (20 min) to generate intrinsic thermal strains. The 0.15-mm-thick solder joint had a cross-sectional area of 1 mm 2 . Orientation imaging microscopy was used to examine changes in the tin microstructure as a function of the number of TMF cycles. The tin phase consisted of embedded minority orientations within an initial dominant orientation, which varied by about 25° from one end of the joint to the other, by means of lattice curvature and low angle boundaries. Between about 150 and 750 cycles, an incremental recrystallization/grain growth process occurred where a minority solidification twin orientation grew and consumed the dominant initial orientation. An elastic FEM analysis incorporating anisotropic thermal expansion and elastic constants indicated that the final orientation had an internal stress state that was 20–100% smaller than the initial orientation, when subjected to a temperature change. The release of elastic strain energy provided the thermodynamic driving force for recrystallization/grain growth.
An Asymptotically Distribution-Free Test for Symmetry versus Asymmetry

Abstract An asymptotically distribution-free procedure is proposed for testing whether a univariate population is symmetric about some unknown value versus a broad class of asymmetric distribution alternatives. The consistency class of the test is discussed and two competing tests are described, one based on the sample skewness, and the other on Gupta's nonparametric procedure. A Monte Carlo study shows that the proposed test is superior to either competitor since it maintains the designated α levels fairly accurately even for sample sizes as small as 20, while displaying good power for detecting asymmetric distributions.
Conscious Attention and Abstraction in Concept Learning

Several authors have recently argued that learning may proceed unconsciously, (a) operating on information outside conscious attention or (b) producing unconscious abstractions guiding category judgment. To examine these hypotheses, we presented a complex, ill-defined category structure with diagnostic features either within or outside conscious attention and with three strategy instructions varying in their likelihood of inducing a search for conscious rules. On a subsequent transfer test, subjects reported rules guiding their classifications. Several measures showed that information outside conscious attention did not serve as data for concept learning. Conscious rules predicted accuracy of classificatio n without significant error under all strategy instructions and were more strongly related to accuracy of classification than were alternative predictors of classification. These results indicate the success of a content criterion of consciousness: Hypotheses of unconscious learning are most strongly disconfirmed by evidence that the content of conscious awareness could, given reasonable process assumptions, account for the learning observed.
Wittgenstein on 2, 2, 2…: The Opening of Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics

If we consider Wittgenstein’s career as a whole, it is clear that he wrote more on philosophy of logic and mathematics than on any other subject. Yet his writings on these topics have exerted little influence. Indeed, the tide of response to Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics — which contains the bulk of his later views of mathematics — has been for the most part negative, and many able readers have concluded that Wittgenstein was simply out of his depth in the fields of mathematics and logic.2 Thus the most pressing question with regard to Wittgenstein’s discussion of mathematics — addressed as yet by relatively few commentators — is, Does it offer anything at all?
Targeted Preventive Care May Be Needed for Adults with Congenital Spine Anomalies

Objective To compare hospitalizations caused by spina bifida–sensitive conditions, ambulatory care–sensitive conditions in adults with spina bifida and in the general population, our aim was to provide information about whether preventive health efforts already underway in the hospitalized general population are adequate for preventive care in spina bifida and congenital spine anomalies. Design Retrospective secondary data analysis. Patients (or Participants) Records of hospitalized individuals who were 18 years of age and older. Methods Comparison between individuals hospitalized with spina bifida and the general population using data from the California State Inpatient Database from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project for 2004 of adults. Main Outcome Measurements Prevalence of spina bifida–sensitive conditions and ambulatory care–sensitive conditions as reason for hospitalization and 30-day readmission. Results As compared with the general population, persons with spina bifida who were hospitalized in 2004 had a significantly greater number of hospitalizations, number of hospitalizations associated with both spina bifida–sensitive conditions and ambulatory care–sensitive conditions, and number of 30-day readmissions. Stratification by age shows that the admissions for spina bifida sensitive conditions were greater in persons with spina bifida than in the general population for all age groups. In contrast, only in the youngest age group did those with spina bifida experience greater hospitalizations for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions. Conclusions This study provides further evidence that persons with spina bifida have hospitalizations that are beyond what the general population experiences. These conditions may be potentially preventable with appropriate ambulatory care. This group also had a greater risk for readmission within 30 days of discharge from their last hospitalization. More research is needed on the efficacy of programs aimed at prevention of these conditions.
DNA synthesis in U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells is independent of PDGF binding to functional cell surface receptors.

Previous studies have shown that suramin reveals specific PDGF binding sites on U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells. Stud es presented here indicate that U-2 OS cells pretreated with suramin internalize and degrade 125l-PDGF and respond to PDGF by increased tyrosine kinase activity and amino acid transport. However, DNA synthesis in these cells is not reduced by incubation with the PDGF blocking agent suramin and is not stimulated by exogenous PDGF. These data indicate that U-2 OS cells possess functional PDGF receptors but that high levels of DNA synthesis in these cells is unrelated to the binding of secreted PDGF to these cell surface receptors. Thus, it is unlikely that the PDGF mitogen produced by U-2 OS cells stimulates proliferation through an autocrine mechanism involving secretion and subsequent binding to PDGF receptors.
Orbital Resolved Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy in NaV2O5

We demonstrate that angle-resolved soft x-ray spectroscopy can resolve absorption by inequivalent oxygen sites and by different orbitals belonging to the same site in ${\mathrm{NaV}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}.$ By rotating the polarization direction, we see a dramatic change in the absorption spectra at the oxygen K edge. Our theory identifies the detailed composition of the spectra and predicts a correct energy ordering of the orbitals of three inequivalent oxygen atoms. Because different orbitals dominate absorption spectra at different energies and angles, one can excite at a specific site and ``orbital.'' In contrast, absorption at the vanadium L edge does not show large changes when varying the polarization direction. The reason for this is that different excitation channels (involving different initial states for the excited electron) overlap in energy and vary in compensating ways, obscuring each channel's sensitive polarization dependence.
Influence of Mercury-to-Alloy Ratios on Line Angle Adaptation of Dental Amalgam

Adaptation of amalgam to cavity details appears to be influenced by the precondensation content of mercury. Five alloys demonstrated an optimum content of mercury for adaptation, in that mercury content above or below this proportion decreased the adaptation. The optimum content of mercury varied between 51 and 54% and was dependent on the alloy used. A variation in mercury of 3% or less made a significant difference in adaptability for some alloys.
Formation of cyclic products from the diepoxide of long-chain fatty esters by cytosolic epoxide hydrolase

Since diepoxides are known metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the action of the cytosolic epoxide hydrolase purified from liver tissue was examined on these diepoxides. Diepoxymethylstearate was metabolized to the corresponding tetraol by high concentrations of affinity-purified cytosolic epoxide hydrolase. When the enzyme was diluted (1000- to 2000-fold), disappearance of the tetraol metabolite occurred simultaneously with formation of other hydration products with GC retention times and chromatographic mobilities different from those of the tetraol. The hydration products were identified as tetrahydrofuran diols based on comparison of chromatographic properties and mass spectral information with the properties and spectra of chemically generated products. Also, a mixture of diepoxymethylarachidonates was hydrated to tetraols using concentrated enzyme. As the enzyme was diluted (1000- to 2000-fold), a decrease in tetraol formation occurred along with the elevation of other hydration products whose mass spectra were consistent with tetrahydrofuran diol structures. These data are consistent with the epoxide hydrolase at low concentrations acting to open one epoxide followed by nonenzymatic cyclization to the tetrahydrofuran diols. The data also suggest that oxygenated lipids may be endogenous substrates for the cytosolic epoxide hydrolase. Since some oxylipins are known chemical mediators, the in vivo presence and role of these novel diols and tetrahydrofuran diols should be examined.
Proinflammatory responses by glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) of Plasmodium falciparum are mainly mediated through the recognition of TLR2/TLR1.

Abstract The glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) of Plasmodium falciparum have been shown to activate macrophages and produce inflammatory responses. The activation of macrophages by malarial GPIs involves engagement of Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) resulting in the intracellular signaling and production of cytokines. In the present study, we investigated the requirement of TLR1 and TLR6 for the TLR2 mediated cell signaling and proinflammatory cytokine production by macrophages. The data demonstrate that malarial GPIs, which contain three fatty acid substituents, preferentially engage TLR2–TLR1 dimeric pair than TLR2–TLR6, whereas their derivatives, sn-2 lyso GPIs, that contain two fatty acid substituents recognize TLR2–TLR6 with slightly higher selectivity as compared to TLR2–TLR1 heteromeric pair. These results are analogous to the recognition of triacylated bacterial and diacylated mycoplasmal lipoproteins, respectively, by TLR2–TLR1 and TLR2–TLR6 dimers, suggesting that the lipid portions of the microbial GPI ligands play essential role in determining their TLR recognition specificity.
Stimulation of the nucleus raphe obscurus produces marked serotonin release into the dorsal medulla of fed but not fasted rats — glutamatergic dependence

Serotonin interacts with TRH at the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) to augment gastric functional parameters. To ascertain physiologic relevance, patterns of stimulated release at the terminal field were characterized. Stimulation of the nucleus raphe obscurus (nRO) by kainic acid (423 pmol/10 nl) produced marked release of serotonin into dorsal medullary dialysates containing the DVC in freely fed, but not 24-h fasted rats. Probe infusion of kynurenic acid (1 mM), but not acute bilateral cervical vagotomy attenuated nRO-stimulated serotonin release in fed animals. The results suggest that the fed state facilitates serotonin release into the dorsal medulla by a mechanism mediated by activation of excitatory amino acid receptors in the dorsal medulla. Enhanced serotonergic neurotransmission at the DVC may comprise a heretofore unrecognized component of the integrated vago-vagal response to a meal.
An improved turbulent boundary layer theory

An integral method is presented for calculating two-dimensional incompressible turbulent boundary layers using the inner-variable theory of White with several refinements. White formulated the problem through a linear wake function for flows proceeding under pressure gradients. We use a polynomial wake that is superior to the linear wake
Excess Lead in "Rusty Rock" 66095 and Implications for an Early Lunar Differentiation

Apollo 16 breccia 66095 contains a remarkably high amount of lead (15 parts per million), 85 percent of which is not supported by uranium and thorium in the rock. An acid leach experiment coupled with separate analyses of the whole rock and mineral fractions for uranium, thorium, and lead indicate that the excess lead has a lunar source and was apparently introduced about 4.0 b.y. ago. The data also suggest that a major lunar crustal differentiation occurred about 4.47 b.y. ago.
Synthesis of 3-Deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonate-8-phosphate (KDO-8-P) fromD-Arabinose: Generation of D-Arabinose-5-Phosphate using Hexokinase

Abstract Three enzymes (used in soluble form enclosed in a dialysis membrane) efficiently produce 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonate-8-phosphate (KDO-8-P, 4) from D-arabinose (Ara, 1) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP 3); production of D-Ara-5-P 2from Ara using hexokinase is the key step in the synthesis.
Being White in America: Development of a Scale

The identity of Whites, or Whiteness, in U.S. society has affected interaction between the included and the unincluded and stimulated scholarly discourses from various perspectives. In this study, the concept of Whiteness is examined and operationalized via the newly developed, Being White in America Scale (BWAS). The BWAS was developed by the authors for empirically testing differences in the awareness of Whiteness between Whites and non-Whites. Three-hundred and fifty-five White and 270 non-White college students responded to an online survey containing the BWAS. The results provide empirical evidence for the postulation that non-Whites perceive the privileged positionality of Whites more conspicuously than do Whites themselves. Implications for future research using the BWAS are discussed.
DNA mismatch binding and antiproliferative activity of rhodium metalloinsertors.

Deficiencies in mismatch repair (MMR) are associated with carcinogenesis. Rhodium metalloinsertors bind to DNA base mismatches with high specificity and inhibit cellular proliferation preferentially in MMR-deficient cells versus MMR-proficient cells. A family of chrysenequinone diimine complexes of rhodium with varying ancillary ligands that serve as DNA metalloinsertors has been synthesized, and both DNA mismatch binding affinities and antiproliferative activities against the human colorectal carcinoma cell lines HCT116N and HCT116O, an isogenic model system for MMR deficiency, have been determined. DNA photocleavage experiments reveal that all complexes bind to the mismatch sites with high specificities; DNA binding affinities to oligonucleotides containing single base CA and CC mismatches, obtained through photocleavage titration or competition, vary from 10^4 to 10^8 M^−1 for the series of complexes. Significantly, binding affinities are found to be inversely related to ancillary ligand size and directly related to differential inhibition of the HCT116 cell lines. The observed trend in binding affinity is consistent with the metalloinsertion mode where the complex binds from the minor groove with ejection of mismatched base pairs. The correlation between binding affinity and targeting of the MMR-deficient cell line suggests that rhodium metalloinsertors exert their selective biological effects on MMR-deficient cells through mismatch binding in vivo.
Inhibition of Growth of Lactobacillus bulgaricus by Purine Deoxyribonucleotides

Morris, George K. (University of Georgia, Athens), and William L. Williams. Inhibition of growth of Lactobacillus bulgaricus by purine deoxyribonucleotides. J. Bacteriol. 90:715–719. 1965.—An inhibition of growth of Lactobacillus bulgaricus GS was observed with deoxyadenylic acid and deoxyguanylic acid. Deoxynucleotides of cytosine, thymine, and uracil, and the deoxynucleosides of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine were inactive as inhibitors. The inhibition was reversed by liver extract (a crude source of two unidentified growth factors for this organism). With suboptimal concentrations of liver extract, the inhibition was reversed by nucleotides of adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine, and thymine. When the medium contained partially purified sources of the two growth factors rather than crude liver extract, fewer compounds reversed the inhibition. Adenylic acid and guanylic acid reversed the action of either inhibitor. Inosinic acid reversed inhibition caused by deoxyguanylic acid, but not that caused by deoxyadenylic acid. Thymidylic acid reversed inhibition caused by deoxyadenylic acid better than that caused by deoxyguanylic acid. Uridylic acid and cytidylic acid were no longer effective in reversing the inhibitions. This organism preferentially responded to monophosphorylated compounds as inhibitors and as reversers of inhibitions. Studies on the acid-soluble nucleotide pool revealed an accumulation of adenosine triphosphate, guanosine triphosphate, and an unidentified compound which resembled a nucleotide in its physical properties. These data cannot be explained by known metabolic pathways of nucleic acid biosynthesis. This organism responds differently from other related organisms to nucleic acid derivatives; therefore, it may be a new useful tool for studying nucleic acid metabolism and biosynthesis.
Midline-crossing Inhibition: An Indicator of Developmental Delay

In normal development midline crossing integration is usually attained by eight or nine years of age. The inability to attain this developmental milestone is called midline crossing inhibition (MCI). A new method to detect MCI was used to examine the presence of MCI in a group of subjects with mental retardation. Seventeen subjects with mental retardation and an equal number of non-disabled peers participated in the study. Choice response time measurements consisting of reaction time and movement time were the dependent variables. These variables were recorded when subjects executed ipsilateral, midline and contralateral movements with each leg. Analysis of data revealed for both dependent variables significant differences between the two groups of subjects. Only the group with mental retardation exhibited contralateral times that were significantly slower than ipsilateral times. Midline crossing inhibition was evident with these developmentally delayed subjects. This new method shows promise for assessing developmental and neurological anomalies.
Basic science and clinical aspects of vascular anomalies.

Purpose of reviewPatients with vascular and lymphatic anomalies are often ‘medical orphans’ ascertained through distinct medical specialists. Multidisciplinary vascular anomalies programs provide focused expertise in diagnosis and treatment for patients. National and international workshops on vascu
Determining the Duration of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) Attachment to Tick-Bite Victims

The duration of tick attachment is one factor associated with risk for human infection caused by several tick-borne pathogens. We measured tick engorgement indices at known time intervals after tick attachment and used these indices to determine the length of time that ticks were attached to tick-bite victims in selected Rhode Island and Pennsylvania communities where the agents of Lyme disease and human babesiosis occur. The total body length and width as well as the length and width of the scutum were measured on nymphal and adult female Ixodes scapularis Say removed from laboratory animals at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h after their attachment. Three engorgement indices were calculated at each time interval. In addition, engorgement indices measurements were recorded for 504 ticks submitted to a commercial laboratory for pathogen detection testing between 1990 and 1992. No detectable change was observed in the average engorgement indices for either nymphal or adult ticks between 0 and 24 h of attachment using any of the engorgement indices. After 24 h of tick attachment, all engorgement indices continuously increased: average indices for nymphs attached 36, 48, and 60 h were significantly different from those attached < or = 24 h and from each other. Similarly, average engorgement indices for adult ticks attached < or = 36 h were significantly different from those attached for 48 h or more. More than 60% of tick-bite victims removed adult ticks by 36 h of attachment, but only 10% found and removed the smaller nymphal ticks within the first 24 h of tick feeding. The duration of tick attachment may serve as a useful predictor of risk for acquiring various infections, such as Lyme disease and babesiosis, transmitted by I. scapularis. Regression equations developed herein correlate tick engorgement indices with duration of feeding. A table containing specific engorgement index prediction intervals calculated for both nymphs and adults will allow the practitioner or clinical laboratory to use easily measured tick engorgement indices to predict transmission risk by determining the duration of feeding by individual ticks.
Rapid detection of enteroviruses in small volumes of natural waters by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR.

Despite viral contamination of recreational waters, only bacterial, not viral, indicators are monitored routinely, due to a lack of rapid and cost-effective assays. We used negatively charged filters to capture enteroviruses from seawater and freshwater. Viral RNA was extracted using a commercial kit, and the viruses were quantified by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). Poliovirus (6.6 to 330,000 virus particles/ml) was added to samples from watersheds in Los Angeles, California, and analysis showed that with 50-ml samples, a cellulose acetate/nitrate (HA) filter yielded final recovery of 51% (r2 = 0.99) in fresh water and 23% (r2 = 0.90) in seawater. However, for additions of low levels of virus (more likely to represent field samples; <104 enterovirus particles/ml), the recovery was lower and more variable, with HA being best in freshwater (17%, r2 = 0.97) and the type GF/F glass filter having higher average recovery in seawater (GF/F, 17%; r2 = 0.93; HA 12%, r2 = 0.87). The optimized method was used with 1-liter field samples from two very different freshwater “creeks” that drain into Santa Monica Bay, California: Topanga Creek (TC), a relatively pristine mountain creek, and Ballona Creek (BC), a concrete-lined urban storm drain. One TC site out of 10 and 2 BC sites out of 7 tested significantly positive for enteroviruses, with higher enterovirus concentrations in BC than in TC (ca. 10 to 25 versus 1 equivalent enterovirus particle/ml). The presented filtration-qRT-PCR approach is fast (<8 h from sampling to results), sensitive, and cost efficient and is promising for monitoring viral contamination in environmental water samples.
Weight gain velocity in very low-birth-weight infants: effects of exposure to biological maternal sounds.

Objective To examine the effects of biological maternal sounds (BMS) on weight gain velocity in very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants (≤ 1,500 g). Study Design An exploratory study with a matched-control design. A prospective cohort of VLBW infants exposed to attenuated recordings of BMS during their neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization were compared with retrospective controls matched 1:1 for sex, birth weight, gestational age, scores for neonatal acute physiology and perinatal extension (SNAPPE - II) scores (n = 32). Results A linear mixed model controlling for gestational age, chronic lung disease, and days to regain birth weight revealed that infants receiving BMS significantly improved their weight gain velocity compared matched controls (p Conclusion Exposure to BMS may improve weight gain velocity in VLBW infants. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of this noninvasive intervention during the neonatal period.
Assessment of Fairness in Child Custody Decisions.

Abstract Court-appointed child advocates, attorneys, guardians ad litem, and therapists were asked to rate preferred traits for mothers and fathers, and to make custody decisions and abuse likelihood ratings for children in one of two vignettes that varied only as to whether mother or father was described as incompetent to parent without threat of further abuse. Results revealed that this sample of professionals did not hold double standards with respect to attributes important for mothers versus fathers. To the contrary, interpersonal sensitivity traits, traditionally identified as most prevalent among women, were valued equally in mothers and fathers and preferred for both parents to interpersonal potency, traditionally ascribed more readily to men. Further, decisions about custody and placement or abuse likelihood were not affected by any sex-role stereotypes professionals held about parents, nor by professionals' gender or specific occupation. The only factor that affected custody judgments and abuse likelihood ratings was the competence of the parent in question. These findings suggest that biases with regard to gender or traditional sex-role preferences for parents are disappearing among professionals who make important placement decisions in the lives of abused children. Future studies must assess whether these theoretical findings translate into actual behavior in real-life abuse cases for the professional groups represented in this sample.
Complete Dehydration of Illite/Smectite in Gulf Coast Overpressured Shales: ABSTRACT

Twelve samples of Frio and Vicksburg (Tertiary) overpressured shales from Brazoria and Hidalgo Counties, Texas, were examined by both x-ray and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. TEM lattice fringes from shallower samples show mixed-phase illite/smectite (I/S) layers in random orientations relative to each other. Electron diffraction patterns of these shallower I/S layers show very diffuse basal reflections together with very pronounced turbostratic structure and streaking along z*. Electron diffraction patterns of I/S layers from intermediate depths still show z* streaking and turbostratic structure, but the basal reflections are more distinct. TEM lattice fringe images of intermediate depth samples show I/S layers arranged in a subp rallel orientation. Electron diffraction patterns of I/S layers from deeper samples generally show well-defined basal reflections, and both turbostratic structure and z* streaking are less pronounced. An electron diffraction pattern of I/S layers from one deep sample (12,490 ft, 3,800 m, calculated equilibrium temperature of 168°C, 334°F, and pore-pressure gradient > 0.7 psi/ft, 15.8 kPa/m) shows an illite 2M1 pattern, indicating complete dehydration of original I/S layers. The presence of pronounced z* streaking is thought to be due to disordered stacking of layers, which in turn is caused by diagenesis of original mixed-phase I/S layers. TEM lattice fringe images for this sample show parallel illite layers with basal spacing of approximatel 20 A. End_of_Article - Last_Page 478------------
Presidents’ Mindsets Toward Resource Development at California Community Colleges

This study used the lens of Resource Dependency Theory to examine the mindsets of nine community college presidents in California as they responded to the decline in state funding. The literature indicated that community colleges are pursing alternative sources of funding and emphasized presidents’ roles in leading and engaging in many activities. However, the literature is lacking on presidents’ awareness of Resource Dependency Theory as an established framework for guiding their responses to resource shortages. Resource Dependency Theory sees organizations as open systems and dynamic units that need to draw on their environments for needed resources. This study found that some California community college presidents have an understanding of their colleges and the environments in which they operate that mirrors the constructs of Resource Dependency Theory.
Abstract A47: Akt mediates prostate cancer cell migration and invasion via affinity modulation of integrin αvβ3

Abstract Purpose: Prostate cancer cells often metastasize to the bones. The ability of prostate cancer cells to attach to several matrix proteins, migrate with a sense of direction in response to stimuli, invade to the adjacent tissue and enter the micro-circulation etc. are pre-requisites for them to metastasize to distant tissues. During this sojourn, prostate cancer cells keep transforming itself from one type to another by constantly changing the expression profile of its surface receptors and secreted factors, which in turn, helps them to respond to the cues from the micro-environment and mediate tumor progression. The current study is focused on the role of Akt kinase in the affinity modulation of integrin αvβ3 leading to prostate tumor invasion and metastasis. Methods: We used a number of tumor cell functional assay methods, molecular biology and biochemistry tools, immunocytochemistry, electric cell impedance sensing technology etc. to establish a correlation between Akt activity and inside-out activation (affinity modulation) of integrin αvβ3 leading to prostate cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Results: Our previous studies have shown that Akt is necessary for the affinity modulation of integrins in many normal cell types. Our results also implicated that Akt is necessary for prostate cancer cell functions such as proliferation, survival, invasion and migration. Current results revealed the involvement of Akt-mediated activation of integrin αvβ3 in human prostate cancer cells in vitro. We showed that Akt and integrin αvβ3 cooperation is required not only for tumor growth but also for invasion and further micro-metastasis to the blood vessels and eventually metastasis to the bone. Conclusion: Our study indicated a causal relationship between Akt activity, expression of integrin αvβ3 (that are not at all expressed by normal prostatic epithelial cells) and its inside-out activation (affinity modulation). We also conclude that Akt-mediated activation of integrin αvβ3 is necessary to initiate the switch in prostate cancer cells to invade and metastasis to distant tissues such as bone. Our study projects Akt and integrin αvβ3 as potential therapeutic targets for prostate cancer therapy. Citation Format: Anna Goc, Junxiu Liu, Tatiana Byzova, Somanath Shenoy. Akt mediates prostate cancer cell migration and invasion via affinity modulation of integrin αvβ3 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A47.
The genetics of sex ratio distortion by cytoplasmic infection under maternal and contagious transmission: An epidemiological study

Abstract Nuclear and cytoplasmic determinants jointly influence the sex ratio in several organisms. A mathematical model of a maternally inherited extra-chromosomal agent that affects the fitness of its carriers and distorts the sex ratio in their broods is analyzed. The agent is transmitted through the cytoplasm from mother to daughter, or it may pass contagiously among females of the same generation. It is shown that under natural selection the deviation between the population sex ratio and Fisher's optimum value evolves to a minimum.
Modeling regional sulfate during the BRAVO study: Part 2. Emission sensitivity simulations and source apportionment

Abstract The Regional Modeling System for Aerosols and Deposition (REMSAD) was used to estimate a sulfate source apportionment as part of the Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational Study (BRAVO). Fine particulate sulfate was the main component of haze measured at Big Bend National Park (BBNP) during the BRAVO field measurement campaign (July–October 1999). The sulfate apportionment was estimated using a suite of emission sensitivity simulations in which sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rates were modified. Four large regional emission source areas were evaluated with respect to their contributions to estimated sulfate at BBNP: the eastern US (14.0×106 tons SO2 yr−1), Texas (1.0×106 tons SO2 yr−1), Mexico (2.5×106 tons SO2 yr−1), and the western US (1.8×106 tons SO2 yr−1). In addition to these large regional sources, several sub-regions were considered (e.g., northeastern Texas), as well as a large coal-fired power plant in Mexico located approximately 225 km southeast of BBNP (Carbon I/II). During the four-month study period, it was estimated that the eastern US was the largest contributor to sulfate at BBNP (42%), followed by Mexico (23%), Texas (16%), and the western US (9%). Carbon I/II accounted for more than half of the Mexican contribution of sulfate to BBNP. Boundary conditions, which were specified by a global model, contributed 7%. The sum of the sulfate concentrations resulting from the emission sensitivity simulations were within a few percent of the sulfate concentration estimated from the original base emissions simulation, indicating that sulfate predictions responded approximately linearly to gross changes in sulfur dioxide emissions. The source apportionment results presented here are one estimate in a suite of estimates that were considered for the BRAVO study, and do not represent the final BRAVO sulfate source apportionment for BBNP.
A Delicate Subject: Clemencia López, Civilized Womanhood, and the Politics of Anti-Imperialism

In 1902, Clemencia Lopez journeyed to the United States to work for the liberation of her imprisoned brothers and for Filipino independence. She granted interviews, circulated her photograph, and spoke in public under the sponsorship of American anti-imperialists and suffragists. Lopez argued that Filipinos like herself were already a civilized people and thus did not need Americans' “benevolent assimilation.” Her gender and her elite family background helped her make this case. Instead of presenting her as racially inferior, published accounts expressed appreciation of her feminine refinement and perceptions of her beauty as exotic. Americans simultaneously perceived her as apolitical because of her sex. Lopez was thus able to take advantage of American gender politics to discuss the “delicate subject” of autonomy for the Philippines in ways that anti-imperialist Filipino men could not.
Matrix: new bio-absorbable polymeric coils for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms

Abstract We developed a new bio-absorbable polymeric coil, Matrix, to improve biological reaction of the current Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) system. This new coil can accelerate histopathologic transformation of unorganized clot into fibrous connective tissue. As a preliminary study, we tested Matrix coil in 16 experimental aneurysms created in eight swine. For each animal, one aneurysm was embolized with Matrix coil and the other with GDCs. Comparative angiographic and histopathologic data were analyzed at 2 weeks after embolization. At 14 days, bio-absorbable coil, Matrix, accelerated aneurysm fibrosis and proliferation of neck neointima without causing parent artery stenosis. Matrix coil may improve long-term anatomical outcome of standard GDCs by decreasing aneurysm recanalization due to accelerated organized fibrous tissue.
Paraterellia, a New Genus of Tephritidae from the Western United States (Diptera)

PARATERELLIA is erected for Trypeta varipennis Coq. (= Trypeta versatilis Curr.), and two new species, superba and ypsilon . Capitate hairs inserted on the labellum of each of the new species are described for the first time. To the author's knowledge similar hairs have never before been reported in the Diptera literature.
A sequential approach to multivariable stability robustness analysis

In sequential loop closure, the importance of evaluating the stability and stability robustness at the intermediate loop closures is well known, yet how the stability and stability robustness evaluated at the intermediate steps contribute to the stability and stability robustness of the overall feedback system must be developed. An analysis of the complete feedback system reveals the multivariable Nyquist contributions from the intermediate loop closures. It is also shown that the results greatly simplify if frequency separation exists between the intermediate loops. The analysis is presented with a two-step loop closure procedure using 'inner' and 'outer' loops which can be generalized to multi-step situations. The control of the longitudinal dynamics of an aircraft is addressed to further clarify and demonstrate the results.
Improvement in serial cardiopulmonary exercise testing following enzyme replacement therapy in Fabry disease.

Background. Fabry disease is an X-linked genetic disorder resulting in the accumulation of glycosphingolipids in various organs, leading to exercise intolerance and early mortality. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has recently been approved for use in Fabry patients. Goals of study. To assess baseline cardiopulmonary exercise characteristics in both invasive and noninvasive tests and to study the impact of ERT on exercise. Methods. A total of 15 patients with Fabry disease underwent baseline cardiopulmonary exercise tests. Six patients were randomized 2:1 to receive either ERT or placebo. We performed serial cardiopulmonary exercise tests at baseline and every 3 months over a period of at least 18 months. The baseline test was compared to the last two exercise tests for each patient. Results. Mean age was 32 years. Mean VO2 max was 1.680 ± 0.67 L/min and increased by 0.459 ± 0.64 L/min in the patients receiving ERT. Mean VO2 max was 1.462 ± 0.25 L/min and decreased by 0.116 ± 0.44 L/min in patients on placebo. Mean oxygen pulse (VO2/HR) increased by 1.71 with enzyme, but increased only 0.025 in patients taking placebo. Estimated stroke volume (SV) increased by 10 ml in patients on ERT. Conclusions. In this small cohort, exercise tolerance increased in patients receiving enzyme replacement therapy. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is a useful test in measuring the response to therapy in Fabry disease patients.
AN ORGANIC FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS-BASED SENSING PLATFORM FOR ENVIRONMENTAL/SECURITY APPLICATIONS

Organic semiconducting material based sensors have been used for various environmental applications. Organic field effect transistors (OFETs) also find their applications in explosive vapor detection and total ionizing radiation dose determination. OFETs using poly 3-hexylthiophene (P3HT), a p-type organic semiconductor material and CuII tetraphenylporphyrin (CuTPP) composite as their active material were investigated as sensors for detection of various nitro-based explosive vapors with greater than parts per billion sensitivity range. Significant changes, suitable for sensor response, were observed in ON current (Ion) and transconductance (gm) extracted from electrical characteristics of the OFET after exposure to vapors of various explosive compounds. However, a similar device response was not observed to strong oxidizing agents such as benzoquinone (BQ) and benzophenone (BP). Also, the use of organic semiconducting material sensors for determining total ionizing radiation dose was studied, wherein the conductivity of the material was measured as a function of total ionizing radiation dose. An organic semiconducting material resistor was exposed to γ-radiation and it was observed that the change in resistance was proportional to the ionizing radiation dose. Changes in various parameters extracted from electrical characteristics of the OFET after γ-radiation exposure resulted in an improved sensitivity. To protect the organic semiconductor layer from the degradation in the ambient the sensors were passivated with a thin layer of silicon nitride.
Voluntary control of skin temperature: role of experimenter presence versus absence.

The purpose of the present experiment was to determine whether the physical presence of an experimenter affects biofeedback performance according to social facilitation predictions. A 2(experimenter: presence vs. absence)×2(task directionality: increase vs. decrease) design was employed. It was hypothesized that the presence of an experimenter would hinder the acquiring of skin temperature control in a biofeedback task. Fifty-three subjects were randomly assigned to the four experimental conditions. The results were compatible with social facilitation predictions, i.e., experimenter presence hindered performance.
The thick-shelled river mussel Unio crassus in Romincka Forest's rivers

The thick-shelled mussel Unio crassus Philipsson is a legally protected, endangered species. This paper reports on its previously unknown localities in Romincka Forest (NE. Poland). Out of the four largest rivers of the Forest, live individuals were found in the Bludzia and B3edzianka; only empty shells were found in the Jarka River, and neither live mussels nor shells were found in the ytkiejmska Struga. U. crassus avoids canalised river sections, while water quality does not seem to affect its distribution in the examined rivers.
Effects of Primary Exports on Industrial Exports and GDP: Empirical Evidence

This paper analyzes the effects of the growth of nonfuel primary exports on the growth of industrial exports and GDP in 74 economies between 1965 and 1992. There is clear evidence of positive effects, both in the short term and in the long term, of the growth of primary exports on the growth of industrial exports and GDP in more than two-thirds of the economies. Therefore, governments in developing countries should not discriminate against the export of primary products, as some earlier studies suggest. Instead, they should adhere to policies that aim at export promotion.
87 The Impact of Pre-Formed Donor-Specific HLA Antibodies on Early Clinical Outcomes in Lung Transplant Recipients

Purpose Donor HLA-specific antibodies (DSA) pre-transplant (pre-Tx) have been associated with hyperacute rejection and primary graft failure in lung transplant (LTx). Sensitized LTx required prospective crossmatch (CXM) that limited their donor pool and it increased their waiting time on the list as well their morbidity and mortality. The implementation of solid phase methods for HLA antibody (Ab) detection pre-LTx has improved the donor selection by adopting the virtual CXM (VCXM). We investigated clinical outcomes in sensitized lung transplant candidates who had circulating DSA and compared it to the non-DSA cohort. Methods and Materials 198 LTx were analyzed retrospectively (January 2009 to August 2010), excluding the re-do LTx. Immunosuppression consisted of depletion therapy with alemtuzumab followed by tacrolimus and MMF. Luminex based bead array assay was used to screen and determine the HLA specificity and level of Ab. The mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of DSA Results 177 LTx (non-DSA) were CXM negative. Majority of LTx (20/21) that exhibited DSA 8000 MFI was CDC-B cell CXM positive, however this LTx was free of acute cellular rejection (ACR) or antibody mediated rejection first year post-LTx. None of DSA LTx cohort exhibited significant primary graft dysfunction (PGD) while the non-DSA group had 2.3% PGD. Freedom from ACR three months post-LTx was 68.1% in DSA group vs.75.7% in non DSA LTx. The average survival of DSA LTx was 307.5 days with no mortality within 3 months post-LTx. The survival rate of non-DSA LTX was similar with 30-, 60-, and 90-day survival rate of 94.4, 93.2, and 92.7%, respectively. Conclusions In our experience pre-Tx DSA
Analytical solutions of laminar swirl decay in a straight pipe

Abstract In this work, the laminar swirl flow in a straight pipe is revisited and solved analytically by using prescribed axial flow velocity profiles. Based on two axial velocity profiles, namely a slug flow and a developed parabolic velocity profiles, the swirl velocity equation is solved by the separation of variable technique for a rather general inlet swirl velocity distribution, which includes a forced vortex in the core and a free vortex near the wall. The solutions are expressed by the Bessel function for the slug flow and by the generalized Laguerre function for the developed parabolic velocity. Numerical examples are calculated and plotted for different combinations of influential parameters. The effects of the Reynolds number, the pipe axial distance, and the inlet swirl profiles on the swirl velocity distribution and the swirl decay are analyzed. The current results offer analytical equations to estimate the decay rate and the outlet swirl intensity and velocity distribution for the design of swirl flow devices.