cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrated Speech and Language Interventions

It is known that linguistic domains interact as they develop in parallel alongside developing speech production processes. For children with compromised linguistic systems, interactions across doma...
The Role of Simulation in Designing Human-Automation Systems

Human-machine teaming is becoming an ever present aspect of executing modern military missions. In this paper, we discuss an extensive line of research currently being conducted at the Air Force Institute of Technology focused specifically on using simulation in the design of automated systems in order to improve human-automation interactions. This research includes efforts to predict operator performance, mental workload, situation awareness, trust, and fatigue. This research explores using simulation to design interfaces, perform trade studies, create adaptive systems, and make task allocation decisions.
Laser Modification of Channels to Reduce Band Broadening or to Increase Mixing

An excimer-laser system was used to spatially alter the charge and/or geometry of imprinted, polymer channels. Subablation pulses were used to increase the charge on a wall of a 90°-turn without changing the physical morphology of the turn and resulted in a 40 % reduction in plate height. For rapid reagent mixing, slanted wells were etched near a T-channel junction. The wells caused lateral transport and mixing of two confluent streams. For an electroosmotic flowrate of 1.07 cm/s, the streams were 82.1 % mixed after just 0.038 cm compared with 2.2 cm for diffusional mixing.
Creating two disjoint stability intervals along the delay axis via controller design: a class of LTI SISO systems

Frequency domain technique is adapted here together with an optimization scheme to design controllers for a class of linear time-invariant single-input single-output systems (SISO) with a loop delay, such that the closed loop system can be made stable in two distinct pre-selected delay intervals $$[0,h_{1})$$ and $$(h_{2},h_{3})$$ , where $$h_{1}<h_{2}<h_{3}$$ . This stability-certifying approach is demonstrated over case studies, including an experiment.
Seizures and Neurofibromatosis I

Twenty-two (6%) patients, ages 5 to 57 years, had developed seizures among 359 attending a neurofibromatosis clinic at the Dept of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Med School, Boston.
De-Constraining Text Generation

We argue that the current, predominantly task-oriented, approaz~hes to modularizing text • generation, while plausible and useful conceptually, set up spurious conceptual and operational constraints. We propose a data-driven approach to modularization and illustrate how it eliminates • •the previously ubiquitous constraints on combination of evidence across modules and on • control. We also briefly overview the constraint-based control architecture that enables such an approach and facilitates near linear-time processing with realistic texts.
Economic Crisis, Income Gaps, Uncertainty, and Inter-regional Migration Responses: Kazakhstan 2000–2014

AbstractThere is ample empirical evidence that internal migration occurs in response to wage differentials; recently, evidence has emerged that international migration is deterred by rising destination uncertainty. However, to our knowledge, there has been no analysis of how internal migration responds to differing incentives during good times and bad. This paper provides insight into this issue using detailed regional economic and migration data for Kazakhstan during boom (2000–2007) and crisis (2008–2014) periods. While conventional forces are affirmed, we find that the crisis deters migration and weakens the effect of wage differentials – while also reducing the deterrent effect of relative uncertainty.
Divorce in Mormon Women: A Qualitative Study

Divorced women who reentered as undergraduates at BYU were interviewed using the naturalistic inquiry model for qualitative research. All respondents reported some negative reaction related to their divorced status from fellow Church members. Women who divorced non-member men received more support from ward members than those who divorced active members. Identification of the religion with ward relationships meant that insensitive treatment by leaders during divorce could precipitate a spiritual crisis and potential departure from the Church. However, renewed spiritual strength was reported after some resolution of isses.
Regulatory approaches - Safety case vs US approach: Is there a best solution today?

Abstract In the wake of the August 2012 fire at the Chevron refinery in Richmond, California, the United States (US) Chemical Safety Board proposed the safety case regulatory approach as an alternative to the current approach used in the US today. The current regulations known as the Process Safety Management (PSM) regulations were promulgated in 1992. This followed several highly publicized catastrophic incidents (e.g., Phillips 66 Pasadena, Texas polyethylene plant explosion, 1989; Piper Alpha, North Sea, 1988 and Bhopal, India, 1984). The US approach to regulation is best described as a combination of prescriptive and performance-based regulations that address safety considerations in design and operations. A safety case approach, as used in the United Kingdom (UK), Australia and Norway, requires a detailed analysis of hazards and steps taken to address those hazards, and thus minimize or mitigate the risk. Both the safety case and PSM processes address many of the same aspects such as management of change, identification of hazards and assessment of risks, but the process and format for documentation and regulatory review differs. The question then arises as to the effectiveness of these two regulatory regimes in preventing process safety related incidents. Many reputable organizations and research groups have taken positions regarding whether the US should abandon the existing system of safety regulations. Review of several global incidents has shown that while appropriate hazards and risks were identified, operational shortcomings led to incidents. Uniform and consistent process safety data are in the early stages of being collected and published by such organizations as the American Petroleum Institute (API) and The International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (OGP), using API RP 754 defined metrics. For this paper, data have been collected on oil and gas operations in the US, UK, Norway and Australia to compare the performance of the differing regulatory regimes. While the data are not comprehensive, from existing data on major incidents, spills and fatalities, one cannot conclude that one regulatory regime is superior to the other. Consistent reporting of incidents in a database with appropriate metrics is sorely needed. Furthermore, the authors express the need to move beyond regulatory compliance and suggest research on application of a systems approach to process safety by developing a process resilience analysis framework for process design and operations.
Risking Hope in a Worried World.

Hope is at the heart of the educational endeavour. Yet it is a challenge for educators to sustain a sense of hope in a worried world where terrorism, mass migrations, global warming and ultra-right political movements are on the rise. Acknowledging that hopefulness always involves risk, this article identifies three pedagogical practices which support potential and possibility in children: letting go of worry, engaging in the pleasures of forgetting, and learning to wait. Drawing on his work as an early childhood educator, AIDS advocate and caregiver to his aging parents, the author suggests that self-restraint – checking the impulse to fix and remediate – may be the most effective way to help others. Leaving aside excessive rules and abstract theories enables teachers to stay in the moment and in relation with others. Rejecting a blind hope that defends against remembering the ravages of personal and social histories, the author proposes embracing a modulated or educated hope (Jose Munoz) that can keep u...
Effects of Fe, Ni, and Fe/Ni metallic nanoparticles on power production and biosurfactant production from used vegetable oil in the anode chamber of a microbial fuel cell.

Abstract In this study, metallic nanoparticles (Fe, Ni, and Fe/Ni) were used as cathode catalysts to enhance power production and to improve the anode performance of a two-chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC). The metallic nanoparticles were rod-shaped and produced by the precipitation/co-precipitation method. A biosurfactant was produced in the anode chamber of the MFC from used vegetable oil by the bacteria Serratia sp. Overall cell voltage, power density, bacterial growth, and biosurfactant production were studied by applying different types of metallic nanoparticles to the cathode electrode. The influence of various types of nanoparticles on the impedance of the MFC was also investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), including analyses of anode impedance, cathode impedance, anode solution resistance, cathode solution resistance, and membrane resistance. The nanoparticles improved MFC performance in the following order: Fe > Ni > Fe/Ni. The addition of 1.5 mg/cm 2 Fe nanoparticles to the cathode surface enhanced power production by over 500% to 66.4 mW/m 3 , promoted bacterial growth and biosurfactant production in the anode solution by 132.5% and 32.0%, respectively, and reduced anode impedance, cathode impedance, and membrane resistance by 26.8%, 81.6%, and 33.8% to 159.00 Ω, 7.69 Ω, and 261.09 Ω, respectively. For the first time, biosurfacant production in the anode chamber of the MFC was promoted by using the metallic nanoparticles as cathode catalysts. By improving the cathode properties, this study showed a new way to manipulated the performance of the anode chamber of the MFC.
Women Writing the English Republic, 1625–1681

Scholars have fiercely debated the causes of the English Civil Wars and the rise of anti-monarchical and republican thought a century before the American Revolution. This ambitious and highly original book is the first to argue that women played a significant role in formulating and enacting English republican precepts. Even as feminists contend that republicanism's division of the private from the public sphere excluded women from political power, Gillespie demonstrates how seventeenth-century Englishwomen articulated republicanism's key insight: meaningful action, political or otherwise, does and should take place outside the purview of government, in spheres that not only include women, but that women helped construct. Drawing on the works of six women writers of the period, the book examines their writings and explores the key themes and concepts that they build upon.
Performance: Bridging the Gap After ACL Surgery.

Purpose of Review The purpose of this paper is to identify strategies for a successful transition to sports in patients following rehabilitation for ACL reconstruction surgery (ACLR).
Probiotic nomenclature matters redux: confusion on Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis taxonomy persists

Dear Editor,A recent meta-analysis by Yuan et al.1 examined probiotic products purportedly containing Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis for application in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome...
Acute and Midterm Outcomes of Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement for Treatment of Dysfunctional Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Conduits in Patients With Aortopulmonary Transposition and a Systemic Right Ventricle.

Background—Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) is an established therapy for dysfunctional right ventricular (RV) outflow tract conduits. TPVR in patients with congenitally corrected t...
Introductory computer science with robots

Starting in the fall of 2005 our department began a large-scale effort to incorporate hands-on robotics in many of our courses, including our introductory computer science sequence. This followed the establishment of a departmental robotics laboratory and the purchase of a number of different robots. Our efforts include testing a variety of projects and surveying students about their satisfaction with robots. A primary contribution is our development of an algorithmic programming environment for robotics (Robotran) and an associated robot simulator.
Abstract 18739: Novel Protein Glycan Derived Marker of Systemic Inflammation is Associated With Incident Cardiovascular Disease

Background: Enzymatically glycosylated proteins partake in multiple cellular processes, with variations in their concentration implicated in innate immunity and chronic inflammation. In addition, most inflammatory proteins are enzymatically glycosylated. GlycA is a novel nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) biomarker whose signal originates from the N-acetyl groups of N-acetylglucosmine and N-acetylgalatosamine moieties of protein glycans. We tested the hypothesis that GlycA is related to incident CVD and compared it with high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) Method: Baseline GlycA was quantified by NMR spectroscopy (LipoScience, NC) in 27 649 participants of the Women’s Health Study. A total of 1 651 cases of incident CVD events occurred during a median follow up of 17 years Results: GlycA correlated with LDL cholesterol (r = 0.17), HDL cholesterol (r = -0.27), triglycerides (r = 0.47), BMI (r = 0.41) and hsCRP (r = 0.61), all p Conclusion: A novel protein glycan derived biomarker, GlycA, was associated with a graded increase in the risk of incident CVD events in this prospective study of initially healthy women in a manner similar to hsCRP. The association of GlycA with CVD was attenuated after adjusting for hsCRP, consistent with a possible role for protein glycans in inflammation and CVD
Use of software applications to improve medication adherence and achieve more integrated disease management in heart failure

The treatment and management of heart failure is associated with high mortality rates and treatment costs. Poor medication adherence is a major barrier to improving care and traditional interventions addressing non-adherence have not consistently demonstrated improvement in health care outcomes like readmission. The reasons for non-adherence are complicated and illustrate the broader challenges patients face when managing a complex disease like heart failure. In this review, a digitally enabled heart failure management platform consisting of medical digital tools and software solutions that are designed to be patient-facing and continuously accessed is explored as a way to integrate the multiple components of heart failure care and deliver personalized patient management tools.
Independent Associations With 30- and 90-Day Unplanned Readmissions After Elective Lumbar Spine Surgery: A National Trend Analysis of 144 123 Patients

Background Unplanned hospital readmissions contribute significantly to soaring national healthcare expenditures. To alleviate this burden, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services implemented initiatives to penalize hospitals for unplanned 30-d hospital readmissions. There is a paucity of data identifying patient risk factors independently associated with 30- and 90-d readmissions. Objective To investigate similarities in patient risk factors associated with 30- and 90-d unplanned readmissions following elective lumbar spine surgery. Methods The National Readmission Database (NRD) was queried to identify patients undergoing elective lumbar spine surgery between 2013 and 2014. Patients were grouped by no readmission (Non-R), unplanned readmission within 30 days (30-R), and unplanned readmission within 31 to 90 days (90-R). Multivariate analysis determined factors associated with 30- and 90-d readmissions. Results We identified 144 123 patients with 10 592 (7.3%) patients experiencing an unplanned readmission (30-R: n = 7228 [5.0%]; 90-R: n = 3364 [2.3%]; Non-R: n = 133 531). The most common inpatient complication observed in those patients readmitted was dural tear (30-R: 7.7%, 90-R: 4.6%, Non-R: 4.3%). The most prevalent 30- and 90-d complication seen among the readmitted cohort was infection (30-R: 18.5%, 90-R: 7.4%). In multivariate regression analysis, age, insurance status, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), depression, hypertension, diabetes, deficiency anemia, and obesity were independently associated with 30-d readmission; however, age and obesity were not independently associated with 90-d readmission. Conclusion Our study demonstrated national unplanned readmission rates after elective spinal surgery to be 7.3%. With age, insurance status, COPD, depression, hypertension, diabetes, deficiency anemia, obesity, and depression all independently associated with unplanned hospital readmission. Future solutions that focus on reducing preventable readmissions may improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs.
Efficient Legacy Data Utilization

Publisher Summary This chapter demonstrates how the classical knowledge-based system architecture has been exploited in the development of engineering data migration framework. It discusses Object-Inferencing Framework (OIF) in detail to illustrate(a) the role of domain-specific knowledge in specifying plausible data migration scenarios among heterogeneous data sources; (b) the utility of recursive predicates and declarative queries, which provide intensional knowledge deduction capabilities for specifying data migration scenarios; and (c) the organizational gains that are formed by adhering to a knowledge-based architecture. This chapter emphasizes on techniques and applications for migrating data from legacy computer graphics to an automated mapping/facilities management subsystem of a comprehensive engineering data management/engineering workflow management (EDM/EWM) system. This chapter explores how knowledge-based system techniques can be employed in the design of data migration frameworks that are capable of integrating and deducing new relationship instances among data distributed over a variety of sources, including computer graphics, flat files, and databases based on a myriad of data models, while mitigating the data semantics impedance mismatch between the legacy source data and the modem target environment. This chapter also discusses metrics for characterizing the data migration problem, the typical legacy data sources for automated mapping/facilities management (AM/FM) features, and the typical target model AM/FM characteristics. This chapter explains OIF's observed database and query mechanism in detail along with the OIF's target model data engineering processes. This chapter also presents testing and evaluation of the approach to convey the applicability and pragmatics of the methodology.
The Temperature—Composition Phase Diagram of the GeSe—GeTe System

The temperature-composition phase diagram for the GeSe-GeTe system was determined between 25 and 675°C using high temperature X-ray powder diffraction techniques (1). The orthorhombic phase extends from 100 to 92 ± 3 mol% GeSe and is stable below 651 ± 5°C. For compositions between 86 ± 3 and 58 ± 3 mol% GeSe a hexagonal phase exists. Above 415 ± 5°C the hexagonal phase decomposes via a peritectoid reaction to form an orthorhombic and cubic phase. A rhombohedral phase was observed for compositions between GeTe and 52 ± 3 mol% GeSe. Above 375 ± 10°C the rhombohedral phase transforms into a cubic phase. A complete series of cubic GeSe-GeTe solid solutions exists above 651 ± 5°C.
Metal-insulator transition in the compensated sodium bronze, Na x Ta y W 1 − y O 3

We have measured the dc electrical conductivity \ensuremath{\sigma} of cubic ${\mathrm{Na}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ta}}_{\mathrm{y}}$${\mathrm{W}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{y}}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ from 1.6 to 295 K for various values of x and y. A sample with x-y=0.18 appears to fall directly at the metal-insulator transition and shows an unusual temperature dependence, \ensuremath{\sigma}(T)\ensuremath{\propto}T, from 1.6 K to room temperature. A model for \ensuremath{\sigma}(T) based on the scaling theory of localization, when used to interpret the data on this and other samples, gives a conductivity exponent \ensuremath{\nu} of 1.0. This model assumes that \ensuremath{\sigma}(T) is controlled by a thermal smearing of the occupancy of one-electron energy states near the Fermi level rather than by inelastic scattering. Comparison of the conductivity transition in ${\mathrm{Na}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ta}}_{\mathrm{y}}$${\mathrm{W}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{y}}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ with earlier data for the uncompensated material ${\mathrm{Na}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{WO}}_{3}$ indicates that the additional disorder introduced by Ta doping does not shift the critical value of electron concentration.
Specialized Equipment Facilities

The basic impetus for maintaining specialized, communal facilities in biomedical research laboratories is one of economics. By combining the purchasing power of several laboratories, organizations can purchase expensive instruments that are to be shared between several or many user laboratories. In addition, the organization can gain a safety benefit, because, if the facility is properly managed, users of such communal facilities tend to be better informed about proper techniques for the use of the equipment than laboratory workers who do not have access to communal facilities. On the other hand, improper facility management may promote the converse. Other major drawbacks to this arrangement are corollaries: first, if equipment needs service, a potentially larger number of users than members of just one or two laboratories may become inconvenienced; second, if the equipment is located in a centralized “equipment room,” supervision is limited and the chance for mistreatment of the equipment increases. This chapter describes some techniques which have been successfully used in a community setting to ensure that the instruments are cared for properly and safely. Hazard information for this equipment was covered in Chapter 1.
Best Practices in North American Pre-Clinical Medical Education in Sexual History Taking: Consensus From the Summits in Medical Education in Sexual Health

Abstract Introduction This article discusses a blueprint for a sexual health communication curriculum to facilitate undergraduate medical student acquisition of sexual history taking skills and includes recommendations for important elements of a thorough sexual history script for undergraduate medical students. Aim To outline the fundamentals, objectives, content, timing, and teaching methods of a gold standard curriculum in sexual health communication. Methods Consensus expert opinion was documented at the 2012, 2014, and 2016 Summits in Medical Education in Sexual Health. Additionally, the existing literature was reviewed regarding undergraduate medical education in sexual health. Main Outcome Measures This article reports expert opinion and a review of the literature on the development of a sexual history taking curriculum. Results First-year curricula should be focused on acquiring satisfactory basic sexual history taking skills, including both assessment of sexual risk via the 5 Ps (partners, practices, protection from sexually transmitted infections, past history of sexually transmitted infections, and prevention of pregnancy) as well as assessment of sexual wellness—described here as a sixth P (plus), which encompasses the assessment of trauma, violence, sexual satisfaction, sexual health concerns/problems, and support for gender identity and sexual orientation. Second-year curricula should be focused on incorporating improved clinical reasoning, emphasizing sexual history taking for diverse populations and practices, and including the impact of illness on sexual health. Teaching methods must include varied formats. Evaluation may be best as a formative objective structured clinical examination in the first year and summative in the second year. Barriers for curriculum development may be reduced by identifying faculty champions of sexual health/medicine. Clinical Implications Medical students will improve their skills in sexual history taking, which will ultimately impact patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes. Future research is needed to validate this proposed curriculum and assess the impact on clinical skills. Strengths & Limitations This article assimilates expert consensus and existing clinical guidelines to provide a novel structured approach to curriculum development in sexual health interviewing in the pre-clinical years. Conclusion The blueprint for developing sexual history taking skills includes a spiral curriculum with varied teaching formats, incorporation of a sexual history script that incorporates inquiry about sexual wellness, and longitudinal assessment across the pre-clinical years. Ideally, sexual health communication content should be incorporated into existing clinical interviewing and physical examination courses. Rubin ES, Rullo J, Tsai P, et al. Best Practices in North American Pre-Clinical Medical Education in Sexual History Taking: Consensus From the Summits in Medical Education in Sexual Health. J Sex Med 2018;15:1414–1425.
Association of High Birth Weight With Incident Heart Failure in the ARIC Study

Background Traditional risk factors for heart failure––coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and smoking––only account for about 50% of cases. Thus, the identification o...
Using the theory of planned behavior and self-identity to explore women's decision-making and intention to switch from combined oral contraceptive pill (COC) to long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC).

\Most college women use the combined oral contraceptive pill (COC) despite more effective long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods (e.g., IUDs and implant) being available. Resistance to change methods may be impacted by how a woman identifies with being a COC-user. Data were collected via 186 web-based surveys distributed to female students attending a university in the southeastern United States (Mean age = 20.0 ± 1.; range = 18–22). Structural equation modeling (SEM) determined TPB fit in understanding LARC intention. SEM results received acceptable fit (χ2 (670, N = 186) p < 0.01, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) of 0.84, and Normative Fit Index (NFI) of 0.75). A Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) of 0.09 was produced, with a 90% confidence interval of 0.08 to 0.09. Including self-identity in the model yielded similar fit, with χ2 (866, N = 186) p < 0.01, CFI of 0.83, and NFI of 0.73. Self-identity and attitude pathways were significant (p < 0.01) toward intention, extending the TPB model. The TPB proved to be acceptable in understanding COC users’ intention to obtain LARC. Results provide direction for LARC messaging tailored toward COC users and self-identity.
Effect of sex on glomerular filtration rate in programmed rats by prenatal dexamethasone

We have previously demonstrated that dexamethasone administered to pregnant rats during specific times during gestation results in a reduction in glomerular number and hypertension in offspring at 2 and 6 months of age. In this study, we examined the effect of prenatal dexamethasone administered daily on days 15 and 16 of gestation in male and female offspring after 1 year of age on glomerular filtration rate. The prenatal dexamethasone male group had a higher systolic blood pressure than the vehicle male group. Females had lower systolic blood pressures than the males and prenatal dexamethasone did not affect blood pressure in female offspring. Prenatal dexamethasone resulted in a reduction in glomerular filtration rate in male but not in female rats. When corrected for body weight, the control male rats had a lower glomerular filtration rate than the control female rats. Males had greater protein excretion than females and prenatal dexamethasone increased the protein excretion only in male rats. Glomerulosclerosis was also greater in male rats than females but was not affected by prenatal dexamethasone. In summary, male rats appear to have evidence of a decline in glomerular filtration rate after 1 year of age and prenatal dexamethasone programs an accelerated decline in glomerular filtration rate in male but not in female offspring.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-assisted Diagnosis of Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

Hemosuccus pancreaticus (HP) describes hemorrhage originating from the pancreatic duct. HP is an extremely uncommon source of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and is often misdiagnosed in most community hospitals. HP is believed to be associated with arterial aneurysm, pancreatitis (acute or chronic), local inflammation, pseudocyst, and tumor or cystic neoplasms. We report a case of a 62-year-old man with multiple cysts in the pancreas on CT scan who presented with an obscure upper GI bleed in which we performed step-wise investigations that led us to the diagnosis of hemosuccus pancreaticus, which was made through endoscopic ultrasound. After diagnosis, the patient was treated successfully by interventional radiology.
FGFR2 expression in preputial tissue of hypospadias

Objective To assay the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2(FGFR2)protein and mRNA in the preputial tissue of hypospadias patients. Methods Western blotting and R-TPCR were performed to assay the expression of FGFR2 protein and mRNA. Results The amount of FGFR2 protein in the preputial tissue of hypospadias patients was lower than the control group(0. 19± 0. 09 vs 0. 39 ± 0. 12, P＜0. 05). The FGFR2 protein quantity was 0. 27 ± 0. 08 in the mild group,0. 16 ± 0. 04 in the moderate group and 0. 09 ± 0. 03 in the severe group. The difference between hypospadias group and the control group was statistically significant (P＜0. 05). There was no difference between the moderate and severe groups(P＞0. 05). The difference between the FGFR2 mRNA expression of the control (1.30 ± 0. 069) and hypospadias ( 1.22 ± 0. 052) groups was significant(P＜0. 05). FGFR2 mRNA quantity was 1.23 ± 0. 0541 in the mild group, 1.24 ± 0. 034 in the moderate group, 1.16 ± 0. 020 in the severe group. There was no difference between the mild and moderate groups in FGFR2 mRNA expression (P＞0. 05). Conclusions The expression of FGFR2 of preputial tissue in hypospadias was down-regulated. It suggestes a role for FGFR2 in hypospadias Key words: Hypospadias; Receptor, fibroblast growth factor, type 2; Western-blotting
Art Under Impact of Globalization (1989–1999)

In the 1990s contemporary Chinese art developed under the context of globalization and urbanization. When Political Pop and Cynical Realism reacted indirectly to the 1989 Incident in an opportunist or escapist way, building a Chinese art market became a greater goal for some critics and artists. As commercialism and fetishism eroded the art circle, vanguard art, including Conceptual Art, Action Art, Project and Proposal Art, would make its way through political pressure and commercial corrosion.
Interprofessional Education for Group Processes in Mental/Behavioral Health

As health care organizations, accrediting bodies, and research support and promote interprofessional approaches for treatment programs, an introduction to interprofessional education and practice should occur during pre-professional education for this practice to become habit. This paper looks at applying these principles to pre-professional behavioral health student participants in nursing, recreation therapy, psychology, and social work through an interprofessional simulated group therapy experience. While the main objective of this project was to create an interprofessional experience for mental/behavioral health participants, the study also aimed to build an affinity for working within an interprofessional team and to develop empathy for individuals living with a mental/behavioral health diagnosis. All students acknowledged the benefits of empathy and collaborative affinity for both the team and consumers, and expressed concern about the lack of interprofessional learning within pre-professional programs.Subscribe to TRJ
Key Factors for Keeping Students Engaged in Robotics Learning

Educational robotics is an effective tool for facilitating students’ learning when students engage in making or creating with robotics tools. Making with robotics creates a fun and engaging hands-on learning environment for students. Throughout traditional K-12 education, especially in upper grades, students learn mainly by following teacher’s instruction and lectures in a more disciplined and structured way. Students, even undergraduates, need to unlearn this more passive approach to learning in order to take initiative in their learning in a hands-on making environment. Making with robotics engages students in manipulating, assembling, disassembling, and reassembling materials while going through the design learning process. However, educational robotics itself does not keep students engaged in their learning once its novelty diminishes. This paper examines how several key elements are necessary for the use of robotics as a learning tool to keep motivating students to continue to learn. The projects completed by undergraduate students during the Fall 2019 quarter are evaluated in order to identify what the factors that contributed to their engagements and creativities.
Assessing food security through cooking and food literacy among students enrolled in a basic food science lab at Appalachian State University.

A dual relationship between food insecurity and inadequate food literacy among college students may be attributed to limited food literacy, availability and ability to prepare healthful foods. Expe...
POLITICS, DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL POLICY: A CROSS‐NATIONAL ANALYSIS

Social policies, of the type examined in this study, are greatly shaped by a nation's level of socioeconomic development rather than by political conditions. The socioeconomic variables that best account for policy differentials among nation-states are wealth and literacy. On the whole, wealth is the best predictor of social policy output. Ceteris paribus, political variables which seem to be important for social policy are political competition and political stability, despite the generally weaker relations between political system characteristics and policy outputs. Generally, it could be predicted with a high degree of probability that nation-states which are stable and which enjoy a high per capita income would also have a comprehensive system of social welfare measures.
Welcoming the middlemen: restricting competition in auctions by excluding the consumers

We study an auction with two distinct types of potential bidders: consumers who wish to purchase the item for their own consumption and middlemen who wish to purchase the item for the purpose of reselling it to the final consumers. Typically, the behavior of the former is studied under the private values paradigm, while the behavior of the latter is studied under the common values paradigm. We consider the possibility that both types of bidders compete in the same auction. We show that if the middlemen have access to a larger market of consumers than the auctioneer, then the auctioneer may prefer to prevent the consumers from participating in the auction.
What Does Universal Access Mean

'Universal access' (UA) to the Internet and the information infrastructure has become an important economic and societal goal. Yet, a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the UA concept is still lacking. In this paper, we analyze the complexity of universal access in the context of the Philadelphia Wireless initiative. The analysis reveals that UA is a multi-dimensional construct that is influenced by different stakeholders with varied and conflicting interests. UA, in the modern era, represents a human-technology alliance that exhibits great diversity across individuals, technologies, and associated social contexts. This departs from the traditional top-down notion of universal access that focused mainly on physical connectivity. The human and technological elements are deeply embedded within institutional dependencies that are essential, yet also alternatively enable or constrain meaningful use of the information infrastructure. The implications of this complexity for achieving universal access and policy making are discussed.
Investigation of the antigen-antibody reaction by fluorescence polarization. Measurement of the effect of the fluorescent label upon the bovine serum albumin (BSA) anti-bsa equilibrium.

Abstract The concept of utilizing labeled molecules as tracers to elicidate chemical mechanisms has played a predominant role in the development of modern chemistry and biology. In the area of macromolecules, fluorescence labeling has been particularly valuable as, for example, in the measurement of absolute values of rotational relaxation times, in the detection of conformational changes as reflected in local brownian motion, in the characterization of macromolecular equilibria and kinetics and in the fluorescent antibody technique. In all of the above instances, as a result of the labeling (i.e. the environment during the labeling procedure and the mere presence of the label itself), it is the behavior and properties of the labeled and hence altered molecule that are being studied. The actual importance of any such alterations may be assessed by comparing experimetally the properties of the native molecule with those of the labeled one. The present paper deals with this problem as it relates to macromolecular reactions. A theoretical and experimental approach has been devised for measuring the extent of the effect of the label on macromolecular equilibria, and for computing the value of the equilibrium constant when the label is not present. Experimental results for the system dansyl-labeled BSA and rabbit anti-BSA have been found to be of the form predicted by the theory. For this system, the presence of 2.7 dansyl residues per BSA molecule lower the association constant from an average value of 3.7 × 10 8 M −1 (for the unlabeled, native molecule) to 2.1 × 10 8 M −1 .
Susceptibility to Bt proteins is not required for Agrotis ipsilon aversion to Bt maize

BACKGROUND Although Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize has been widely adopted in diverse regions around the world, relatively little is known about the susceptibility and behavioral response of certain insect pests to Bt maize in countries where this maize is not currently cultivated. These are important factors to consider as management plans are developed. These factors were investigated for Agrotis ipsilon, a global pest of maize, with Cry1F and Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 maize. RESULTS Agrotis ipsilon demonstrated an initial, post-ingestive aversive response to Cry1F maize. Development and mortality were also affected – survival on Cry1F maize tissue was 40% and weight gain of survivors of Cry1F exposure was significantly reduced. A post-ingestive aversive response was also seen for Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 maize; however, longer-term feeding, weight gain and survival were not affected. CONCLUSION Agrotis ipsilon showed aversion to both Bt treatments. Aversion to Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 maize was unexpected because these proteins have no known insecticidal effect against Lepidoptera; however, results confirm that this aversion was temporary and did not affect growth or development. The Cry1F results suggest that A. ipsilon will abandon Cry1F maize in the field before any selection for resistance. These data support the use of refuge to delay Cry1F resistance development in A. ipsilon populations. © 2014 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
President's Bioethics Council Delivers

HUMAN CLONINGOn 11 July, following months of deliberations, the President's Council on Bioethics delivered its long-awaited recommendations to George W. Bush regarding federal policy on human cloning. The deeply divided panel's conclusions--that the government should ban cloning for reproductive purposes and observe a 4-year moratorium on cloning for biomedical research--sparked immediate controversy, not only about the decision but how the council reached it.
Crystal fire: the invention, development and impact of the transistor

[Adapted from Chapter 1 of "Crystal Fire: The Birth of the Information Age," by M. Riordan and L. Hoddeson, 1997, W.W. Norton & Co.] This book by Michael Riordan and Lillian Hoddeson recounts the lives of John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley, the three principal inventors of the transistor, and the revolutionary discoveries of others including Robert Noyce, Jean Hoerni and J.S. Kilby that led to the computer era and the phenomenon of Silicon Valley.
Simulated Structure Modifications in Silica Subjected to UV‐Laser Irradiation

The structural modifications of silica glass, α‐quartz and stishovite subjected to UV‐laser irradiation are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations with a modified van Beest‐Kramer‐van Santen potential. Laser energy deposition is approximated by converting photon energy to kinetic energy of a Si‐O pair via the two‐photon process. The structural and transport properties of the irradiated silica are characterized. For isobaric‐isothermal irradiation (ambient conditions) with absorbed fluences of up to 200 mJ cm−2, silica glass undergoes radiation‐induced densification, but α‐quartz and stishovite recover original structures with negligible defects. For constant energy and volume (ambient density) irradiation up to 1.1 mJ cm−2 (absorbed), glass, quartz and stishovite melt directly into liquid.
Constraints on the Self-Gravity of Radiation Pressure via Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

Using standard big-bang nucleosynthesis and present, high-precision measurements of light element abundances, we place constraints on the self-gravity of radiation pressure in the early universe. The self-gravity of pressure is strictly non-Newtonian, and thus the constraints we set are a direct test of this aspect of general relativity.
The use of the minnesota multiphasic personality inventory-2 in the psychological assessment of persons with TBI: Correction factors and other clinical caveats and conundrums

The MMPI-2 serves an integral role in a comprehensive psychological evaluation of persons with traumatic brain injury because it provides clinically relevant information regarding the presence of psychiatric illness, adaptation to the injury, and potential interpersonal strengths or liabilities that may impact the rehabilitative process. Importantly, the MMPI-2 provides critical information regarding the accuracy of patient self-report and the tendency to either exaggerate or minimize symptoms. However, the MMPI-2 contains items that are directly related to the cognitive sequalae of brain injury. As a result, concerns have been raised regarding the appropriateness of the MMPI-2 for use with brain injured patients. We discuss evidence that supports the use of the MMPI-2 with brain-injured patients and the concerns over the applicability of the MMPI-2 in this population. Further, we critically discuss recently proposed strategies to correct the MMPI-2 for neurologically related items (NRI) in brain injured populations in terms of the clinical application of such procedures, the benefits and limitations of such procedures, and the need for further refinement and validation of these correction factors.
Cerebrospinal fluid: A selective review

Tenchnical advances of the past decade permit detection in the cerebrospinal fluid of many endogenous substances elaborated by the brain. Study of the composition of cerebrospinal fluid in health and disease undoubtedly will supply clues to the pathophysiology of many neurological disorders.
Solar concentrator for space power generation

A solar collector of Cassegrainian type, designed to collect over 1000 kilowatts of solar energy, is presented. When combined with energy storage, a dynamic energy conversion cycle, and a liquid droplet radiator for heat rejection, the system has great potential for space station applications. Wrapped ribs provide the supporting structure for the mirrors, and the reflective surface is to be aluminized Kapton. An opening at the base of the large mirror provides the entrance to energy storage. Located at this opening is a conic concentrator to enhance the energy gathering capability of the system. The component and total mass of a typical system is computed. Computerized ray tracing is used to examine the interaction between the structural and optical aspects of the mirror system. The aiming accuracy of the configuration is very sensitive to vibrations of the secondary mirror. The effects of these on the focusing power of the mirrors is investigated, and the maximum allowable displacement is determined.
Calorimetric studies of the effects of cholesterol on the phase transition of C(18):C(10) phosphatidylcholine

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been employed to study the effects of cholesterol on the phase transition of C(18):C(10) phosphatidylcholine (C(18):C(10)PC). C(18):C(10)PC is an asymmetric mixed-chain phosphatidylcholine known to form mixed-interdigitated structures below the transition temperature and form partially interdigitated lipid bilayers above the transition. Three types of samples were used. The treated sample is the lipid dispersion that had undergone three freeze-thaw cycles and stored at 4 degrees C for more than 48 h. The untreated sample was made by vortexing the dry lipid in 50 mM KCl, without the above-mentioned pretreatment. The cold-treated sample was prepared by incubating the treated sample at -20 degrees C for 15 d. There is no apparent difference in the DSC curves between the treated and cold-treated samples. The data derived from the treated samples seem to be more reproducible. The DSC curves between the cholesterol/C(18):C(10)PC and cholesterol/symmetric diacylphosphatidylcholine mixtures are different in three aspects: overall appearance, the cholesterol dependence of delta H, and the effect of cholesterol on the maximal transition temperature Tm, the onset temperature To, and the completion temperature Tc. for both the treated and untreated samples, the total enthalpy change delta H of the phase transition of C(18):C(10)PC decreases with increasing cholesterol content, approaching zero at approximately 25 mol%. This level is lower than the total enthalpy changes reported previously for the cholesterol/symmetric diacylphosphatidylcholine mixtures. Both the heating and cooling thermograms show that Tm, To, and Tc decrease with increasing cholesterol content. The decreasing rates of these temperatures with cholesterol are in the neighborhood of -0.24 degree per mol% of cholesterol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Postoperative coronary thrombosis and myocardial infarction.

Surgical intervention in persons with degenerative heart disease constitutes a growing proportion of all surgical procedures. While the total population of the United States has been increasing gradually, the recent numerical increase in the elderly has been rapid and great. In 1940, the percentage of population over 55 years was 14.8 per cent; it is estimated in 1980 it will approach 27.2 per cent.1 The often repeated statement that a compensated heart is capable of withstanding surgery as well as a normal heart has fostered an erroneous feeling of security not justified in arteriosclerotic heart disease. Referring to patients with valvular, hypertensive and noncyanotic heart disease, Levine2 recognized a close correlation between cardiac functional capacity and abiPty to withstand surgery. However, referring to those with arteriosclerotic heart disease, he stated “the risk of surgery is possible two or three times greater than it is with those of the same age where hearts are normal.” A review of the literature (Table I) shows the incidence of postoperative myocardial infarction in patients with history of coronary insufficiency to be 1.0 to 7.1 per cent. Method of Study
A review of: “ENTROPY OPTIMIZATION PRINCIPLES WITH APPLICATIONS”, by J. N. Ka-pur and H. K. Kesavan. Academic Press, San Diego, 1992. xix + 408 pages.

(1993). A review of: “ENTROPY OPTIMIZATION PRINCIPLES WITH APPLICATIONS”, by J. N. Ka-pur and H. K. Kesavan. Academic Press, San Diego, 1992. xix + 408 pages. International Journal of General Systems: Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 403-404.