cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Single unit study of post-tetanic potentiation and second subnormality in the lateral geniculate body of cats

Abstract Lateral geniculate neurons of anesthetized cats were studied with microelectrodes to determine whether the mechanisms underlying the prolonged depression in synaptic transfer, referred to as second subnormality (SS), which follows optic nerve tetanization occur in presynaptic or postsynaptic elements. Extracellularly recorded excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) were found to be reduced in amplitude during SS; subsequent tetanization resulted in potentiation of the depressed EPSP followed by a return to depressed levels (SS). During SS, cells which no longer responded to optic nerve stimulation continued to discharge spontaneously at the same rate as they had prior to tetanization, suggesting that tetanization of a portion of the presynaptic inputs to these cells does not alter their responsiveness to other inputs. These findings indicate that SS results from an alteration of presynaptic elements.
Should firms circumvent or work through the news media

This study examined whether corporate public agenda setting or corporate agenda building exerts a stronger influence on firms’ public prominence. After controlling for the effects of firms’ advertising expenditures and existing levels of prominence, results showed that in the absence of media salience, firms’ public agenda-setting efforts had no influence on their change in prominence. In the presence of media salience, however, firms’ public agenda-setting efforts had a negative influence on their change in prominence. In the context of public prominence, the study supports the news media's role as a third-party endorsement of firms as newsworthy entities. Future research should re-examine these relationships in the age of social media.
Comparison of the Paths From Consumer Involvement Types To Ad Responses Between Corporate Advertising And Product Advertising

The study reported here examines knowledge derived from past work on involvement in product advertising and explores whether consumer involvement works the same way when consumers respond to corporate ads. The use of corporate advertising in the United States has increased, but only limited research has been done to explore the nature of it. The study found key differences between product and corporate ads in terms of ad involvement effects on consumers' attitude/behavioral intentions. In corporate advertising, predispositional involvement influences consumers' ad attitudes and behavioral intentions only when mediated by ad involvement, whereas predispositional involvement has both a direct and an indirect influence on attitude and intentions in product ads. A key implication of this is that creating advertising involvement is even more critical in the corporate advertising setting as compared to product advertising. In explaining the results, the authors posit reasons such differences exist. Also, the re...
Assessment of Muscle Fatigue during Load Carrying

This paper presents preliminary results of a study to assess localized muscle fatigue during load carrying. The assessment procedure is based on parameters of the surface electromyographic (EMG) si...
Adiabatic expansion of a strongly correlated pure electron plasma.

Adiabatic expansion is proposed as a method of increasing the degree of correlation of a magnetically confined pure electron plasma. Quantum mechanical effects and correlation effects make the physics of the expansion quite different from that for a classical ideal gas. The proposed expansion may be useful in a current experimental effort to cool a pure electron plasma to the liquid and solid (crystalline) states.
Model reduction of nonlinear systems with external periodic excitations via construction of invariant manifolds

Abstract A methodology for determining reduced order models of periodically excited nonlinear systems with constant as well as periodic coefficients is presented. The approach is based on the construction of an invariant manifold such that the projected dynamics is governed by a fewer number of ordinary differential equations. Due to the existence of external and parametric periodic excitations, however, the geometry of the manifold varies with time. As a result, the manifold is constructed in terms of temporal and dominant state variables. The governing partial differential equation (PDE) for the manifold is nonlinear and contains time-varying coefficients. An approximate technique to find solution of this PDE using a multivariable Taylor–Fourier series is suggested. It is shown that, in certain cases, it is possible to obtain various reducibility conditions in a closed form. The case of time-periodic systems is handled through the use of Lyapunov–Floquet (L–F) transformation. Application of the L–F transformation produces a dynamically equivalent system in which the linear part of the system is time-invariant; however, the nonlinear terms get multiplied by a truncated Fourier series containing multiple parametric excitation frequencies. This warrants some structural changes in the proposed manifold, but the solution procedure remains the same. Two examples; namely, a 2-dof mass–spring–damper system and an inverted pendulum with periodic loads, are used to illustrate applications of the technique for systems with constant and periodic coefficients, respectively. Results show that the dynamics of these 2-dof systems can be accurately approximated by equivalent 1-dof systems using the proposed methodology.
Electrophoretic Motion of a Spherical Particle with a Symmetric Nonuniform Surface Charge Distribution in a Nanotube

The electrophoretic motion of a spherical nanoparticle, subject to an axial electric field in a nanotube filled with an electrolyte solution, has been investigated using a continuum theory, which consists of the Nernst–Planck equations for the ionic concentrations, the Poisson equation for the electric potential in the solution, and the Stokes equation for the hydrodynamic field. In particular, the effects of nonuniform surface charge distributions around the nanoparticle on its axial electrophoretic motion are examined with changes in the bulk electrolyte concentration and the surface charge of the tube’s wall. A particle with a nonuniform charge distribution is shown to induce a corresponding complex ionic concentration field, which in turn influences the electric field and the fluid motion surrounding the particle and thus its electrophoretic velocity. As a result, contrary to the relatively simple dynamics of a particle with a uniform surface charge, dominated by the irradiating electrostatic force, t...
An ecological study of amebas from a small stream in Northern Florida

An ecological study of amebas in the Hogtown Creek, which serves as a water-shed for the northwest quadrant of the city of Gainesville, Florida, indicates that the species which inhabit the creek are those typical of slow-flowing, moderate to warm freshwater streams of slightly alkaline nature. The Creek is essentially an unpolluted rural stream at its source; but receives both industrial and civil pollution in its course through the city. In the course of its flow some seven miles beyond the major entry of pollution, it recovers, and becomes again a rural stream with little significant pollution. Amebas disappear from the creek at the point where industrial pollution enters, and are found again in small numbers at two to four miles downstream. Thereafter, in the course of another three miles, amebas appear in greater numbers. Active amebas were not found whenever the pH of the stream became acid, at whatever station. None of the species known to be acidophilous were seen, with the exception of Difflugia oblonga, which may be ubiquitous. Some indication is noted that certain amebas prefer waters of certain temperature range, particularly within the genus Difflugia. In that genus D. lobostoma, D. tuberculata, D. urceolata, D. amphora, D. oviformis and D. acuminata were present more often in waters above 21° C.; whereas D. oblonga, D. globulosa, D. corona, D. gramen, and D. elegans were more often present in waters at temperatures below 21° C. Both naked and testate rhizopods were more numerous at or near pH 7.6; and in general both naked and testate amebas were more numerous at temperatures slightly below 21° C. It is suggested that any species of ameba may have a more or less restricted range of tolerance to any particular physical factor in the environment, with a presumed optimum for each factor, resulting in the appearance and disappearance of various species as the factors vary.
The structure and stereochemistry of two new dihydroflavonol glycosides

Abstract Lecontin and (+)-fustin glucoside, two new members of the rare group of flavonoids the dihydroflavonol 3-O-glycosides, are shown to have structures I and II, respectively. ORD, CD and NMR data are presented for these and other dihydroflavonol 3-O-glycosides and the relationship between absolute stereochemistry and the order and sign of Cotton effects in this class of glycosides is established.
Merging Realism and the Exotic: Lucien Lambert's Le Spahi and the Colonial Self

Lucien Lambert's Le Spahi (1897) represents the finishing landmark of the exotic trend in French opera. Adapted from Pierre Loti's Le Roman d'un Spahi and set in the contemporary French colony of Senegal, it reflects the characteristics, values, and spirit of the roman colonial by hinting at French assimilation and mirroring the mal de siecle. It integrates realist elements typical of naturalisme established by Zola's novels and Alfred Bruneau's operas, and minimizes explicit Oriental features both in the music and in Louis Gallet and Andre Alexandre's libretto. An analysis of four numbers from the opera reveals elements of conservative identity in light of colonial literary traits.
Estimators of birth weight in pregnant women requiring insulin: A comparison of seven sonographic models

Objective To determine if the relative accuracy of the sonographic estimate of birth weight among diabetic gravidas requiring insulin improves significantly as more fetal measurements are used. Methods To determine if the relative accuracy of the sonographic estimate of birth weight among diabetic gravidas requiring insulin improves significantly as more fetal measurements are used. Conclusion Among patients requiring insulin, estimation of birth weight using AC and FL is as accurate as more complicated models. The ability to detect macrosomia by ultrasound is limited.
Homogenized FEA of Composite Sheet Materials for Improved Thermoforming Process

Absence of reliable analytical tools to model thermoforming of automobile headliners leads to lack of understanding of critical relationships between design, material and process, resulting in large proportions of scraps and in some cases, over engineering. Thus, a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of thermoforming of a composite sheet material has been formulated and implemented. An homogenization approach is suggested, in which the layered composite is treated to behave as a single material. By mapping key process variables into analysis, a simulation has been successfully carried out on a headliner prototype development tool. Results obtained with such development tool show good correlation to key headliner defects such as wrinkles and failures.© 2012 ASME
Peppers: The Domesticated Capsicums

Since its original publication in 1984, Peppers has become the complete and classic source for the history and dispersion, biology and taxonomy, cultivation, and medicinal, economic, and gastronomic uses of the domesticated capsicum. In this new edition, Jean Andrews updates each section with new material gathered over the last ten years. Particularly interesting are her descriptions of recent medicinal uses of peppers (including a recipe for pain-relieving capsaicin cream) and the inclusion of two additional cultivars, Datil and Scotch Bonnet. Like the first edition, this volume is illustrated with botanically accurate, yet aesthetically pleasing paintings that show the blossoms, buds, young peppers, and mature specimens of 34 cultivars in full color. Dr. Andrews also provides a recipe for the most typical dish in which each pepper is used, recipes that she herself has tested and served to grateful friends. With its up-to-the-minute, encyclopedic text and beautiful illustrations, Peppers remains a botanical natural history par excellence.
Interaction of Teachers' Judgments of Students' Personality and School Performance

Multiple judgments of school performance and students' personality by teachers interact and neither involve intelligence scores. Teachers' degree of “feelings of personal warmness” were a major factor in assessments.
Functional morphology of the larval tentacles of Phragmatopoma californica (Polychaeta: Sabellariidae): composite larval and adult organs of multifunctional significance

Larvae of the sabellariid polychaete Phragmatopoma californica (Fewkes), which were collected in San Diego, California and were competent to metamorphose after 18 to 30 d of development were observed in vivo by videoequipped light microscopy, and the fine structure of the larval tentacles was examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Each tentacle has tufts of at least two types of immotile cilia arranged in dorsolateral and ventrolateral rows, and a ventral groove covered by two types of motile cilia that beat independently of each other. The epidermis is regionalized into glandular, sensory, locomotory, and support cell types and contains four longitudinal bundles of basiepithelial nerve fibers. A layer of connective tissue separates the epidermis and the nerve tracts from obliquely striated muscles that occur within the peritoneum that lines the central coelomic cavities. The peritoneum forms an intact coelomic epithelium that overlies and interdigitates with the muscle cells, with no intervening basal lamina. The muscle cells are considered to be intraperitoneal because they are located above the basal lamina and they lack intercellular junctions with the peritoneal cells. Specialized peritoneal cells form a striated myoepithelial blood vessel that partitions the coelom into medial and lateral cavities. No neuromuscular junctions were found, but both muscular and ciliary movement seem to be under neuronal control. The basiepithelial nerve terminals appear to synapse into the connective tissue layer toward the intraperitoneal muscle. Several similarities in tissue organization are noted between the larval tentacles of P. californica and the tube feet of echinoderms. Observations on the ontogeny, morphology, and behavior of the tentacles suggest that they are multifunctional organs involved in feeding, construction of the juvenile sand tube, locomotion, attachment, and sensory perception during larval and adult lives.
Importance of defect clustering in the analysis of Ba F 2 : Er 3 + optical spectra

A description of the site distribution in rare-earth-doped Ba${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ crystals cannot be complete without the inclusion of cluster sites made up of two or more interacting dopant ions. Villermain-Lecolier et al. observed two transitions in the far-infrared spectrum of Ba${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$: ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ which they assigned to two different sites, possibly the trigonal and tetragonal sites. They described the absorption band at 131 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ considering contributions from only single ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$-${\mathrm{F}}_{I}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ sites. An alternative explanation for their observations is presented considering the existence of cluster sites in the crystal and the validity of a description including only single pair sites is questioned.
Effect of naloxone on intake and growth hormone concentration in lactating and non-lactating ewes.

Abstract Thirty-two ewes (16 Suffolk and 16 Targhee) were used in two experiments to investigate effects of energy requirements, naloxone, breed, and number of lambs/ewe on feed intake and growth hormone (GH) concentrations. These experiments tested the hypothesis that the setpoint for intake, mediated through endogenous opioid tone, would be greater in lactating ewes than non-lactating ewes. Experiment 1 was conducted during lactation (43 d postpartum) with ewes confined individually with their lambs. Experiment 2 was conducted when ewes were non-pregnant and non-lactating. Naloxone treatments were 0, 0.5, 1.5, or 3 mg of naloxone/kg of ewe BW. After 3.5 h of fasting, ewe DMI was measured every 20 min for 5.5 h and expressed as g/kg of BW. Blood samples were taken at 15 min intervals for 5 h after naloxone was administered. Although level of naloxone and experiment influenced the repeated measures analysis of DMI (P=0.01), no experiment × level of naloxone interaction was detected (P=0.86). Increasing level of naloxone had a negative quadratic (P 0.23) by naloxone level. An experiment by breed interaction was detected for DMI (P=0.04). In Experiment 1, DMI was greater (P=0.02) for Targhee than Suffolk ewes but breeds did not differ (P=0.68) in DMI during Experiment 2. Number and frequency of GH pulses responded quadratically (P=0.02) to increasing level of naloxone. Number, frequency, and height of GH pulses and mean GH concentration were greater in Experiment 1 than Experiment 2, and greater for Targhee than for Suffolk ewes (P
Random fluctuations of response rate

A simple model for fluctuating interresponse times is developed and studied. It involves a mechanism that generates regularly spaced excitations, each of which can trigger off a response after a random delay. The excitations are not observable, but their periodicity is reflected in a regular patterning of responses. The probability distribution of the time between responses is derived and its properties are analyzed. Several limiting cases are also examined.
Across the great divide: Introduction to the special issue on psychology in medicine

Health psychology has made limited progress becoming an accepted part of mainstream medical research and practice. Although abundant efficacy research has generated considerable evidence-based interventions that are effective primary medical interventions or adjuncts to other medical treatments, evidence of acceptance within medicine and especially primary care is meager. This special edition of the Journal of Clinical Psychology is an effort to assist movement in this area. It is a combination of commentaries concerning aspects of clinical collaboration within primary care, a discussion of issues that are barriers to implementation, and a wide range of research efforts supporting models of collaborative interventions between health psychology and primary care. It also identifies mechanisms that may account for the effectiveness of certain types of interventions. Taken as a whole the volume supports the importance and viability of clinical health psychology research and practice in an area of fundamental importance—the general health of patients in medical settings—the location where most people present psychological problems and receive treatment in response. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65:1–4, 2009.
Kinetics of Activation of Variant Plasminogens in a Noncrosslinked Fibrin Clot: Abnormal Plasmin Generation with the Plasminogen.Streptokinase Complex, Urokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator

Abstract A purified clot lysis system (noncrosslinked) was developed to evaluate and study variant plasminogens from patients with a history of thrombophilia. Plasmin generation was studied in the soluble phase and in the clot lysis system with different activators, streptokinase and its derivatives, urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator. Five of the variant plasminogens (Dl, D2, K, S, and F) generated low levels of plasmin in the soluble phase, whereas two (M and Y) generated near normal levels of plasmin. Plasmin generation in the clot lysis system divided the variants into three groups: one variant (Dl) had a very prolonged lysis time or a negligible plasmin generation rate with three direct activators, three variants (D2, K and S) had moderately prolonged lysis times or low plasmin generation rates with these activators, and three variants (F, M, and Y) had normal lysis times and normal plasmin generation rates with these activators. Kinetics of activation parameters with three direct plasminogen activators were determined from a non-linear regression analysis of plots of velocity versus plasminogen concentration and were verified by Lineweaver-Buck plots where possible. With plasminogen.streptokinase, the four variants with prolonged lysis times, had normal apparent Michaelis constants and low catalytic rate constants. Three variants with normal lysis times had high apparent Michaelis constants showing decreased affinity for the plasminogen.streptokinase activator complex, and high catalytic rate constants. With urokinase, the variant with the longest clot lysis time had a high apparent Michaelis constant and a low catalytic rate constant, three variants with prolonged lysis times gave low catalytic rate constants; two of them gave normal apparent Michaelis constants and one gave a high apparent Michaelis constant. Of the three variants with normal lysis times, one gave normal kinetic constants and two had high apparent Michaelis constants with high catalytic rate constants. With tissue plasminogen activator, the variant with the longest clot lysis time gave a high apparent Michaelis constant and a high catalytic rate constant. The three variants with prolonged lysis times gave variable results, one had a slightly higher apparent Michaelis constant with a low catalytic rate constant, the second one had a very low apparent Michaelis constant with a low catalytic rate constant and the third one had a high apparent Michaelis constant with a normal catalytic rate constant. Three variants with normal lysis times had slightly higher Michaelis constants and near normal catalytic rate constants. With the noncrosslinked fibrin substrate, all of the variant plasminogens have lowered catalytic efficiencies with two or three plasminogen activators. The theoretical aspects of these plasmin generation data are discussed.
Psychological sequelae and alopecia among women with cancer.

Purpose: This article reviews the relevant literature on treatment-induced alopecia in women with cancer and describes the development of a computer-assisted intervention to reduce distress associated with this side effect. Description of program: Alopecia has been cited as the most disturbing anticipated side effect by up to 58% of women preparing for chemotherapy, with 8% being at risk for avoiding treatment. Women with cancer who experience alopecia as a side effect, compared with women with cancer and no alopecia, report lower self-esteem, poorer body image, and lower quality of life. Although physicians' recommendations are the most influential factor on cancer treatment choice, body image and effects on sexuality are the next most influential factors. A study of a computer-imaging intervention, based on concepts related to guided imagery and anticipatory grief, has been launched in an effort to aid women in coping with anticipated treatment-related alopecia. Results: While we are still waiting for final data collection and analysis from the computer intervention study, the feedback thus far has been positive. Clinical implications: The intervention described here may prove to be effective in desensitizing women with cancer to hair loss and facilitating an adjustment to self-acceptance. As such, a higher quality of life during the difficult time of coping may be maintained. The development of a computer-imaging intervention offers an opportunity to integrate a standard psychosocial intervention, personalized for each patient, into the routine patient care in the oncology setting.
A Type I Burst with Radius Expansion Observed from Cygnus X-2 with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer

We present the results of a Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer Proportional Counter Array observation of Cygnus X-2 in its high-intensity state, during which the source passed through the normal and horizontal branches of its Z diagram and mapped out a new, pronounced upturn on its horizontal branch. During this upturn state, a bright X-ray burst was observed, with rise and decay times of ~1 and ~5 s, respectively, and a peak flux of 1.52×10 -->−8 ergs cm-2 s-1. The energy-dependent profile, energetics, and spectral evolution allow us to identify this as a type I X-ray burst, with evidence for photospheric radius expansion in its first 2 s and spectral cooling in its later stages. The detection of these phenomena removes the previous ambiguity about the nature of bursts from Cyg X-2 and, in addition, allows us to make an independent determination of the source distance of 11.6±0.3 kpc.
Modelling the effects of turbulence on acoustic wave propagation

A review of recent theoretical modeling of the effects of turbulence on acoustic wave propagation is presented. The Born approximation limit of the smoothing method of Keller and of the kinetic theory method of Howe are compared with the classical perturbation results of Chernov. Secular growth is observed in the higher order terms of the kinetic theory method of Howe when multiple scaling is ignored. The forward propagation - beam broadening model of Brown and Clifford is discussed as well as the single scatter model of DeLoach and of Rudd. Each model is examined with respect to its prediction of conservation of energy.
A Note on Fin-Tube View Factors

Geometrical view factor of fin-tube radiators for space power plants, using fin to space ratio
The effect of nitrogen doping on the multiple-pulse subpicosecond dielectric breakdown of hafnia films

A film of hafnium oxide, doped with 5 atomic % nitrogen, was prepared by dual-ion-beam-assisted deposition. The properties were compared to a pure hafnium oxide film. The damage threshold is lower for the nitrogen-doped film. However, the multiple-pulse damage threshold for a 1 kHz train of 800 fs pulses shows no drop relative to the singlepulse value. These results are discussed within the context of a multiple-damage model, based on midgap trapping states.
Overview of automated target recognition and tracking

Abstract Various approaches to remote sensing of objects, including the one which uses descriptors about the shape of the object to be sensed, are described. The challenges which aircraft, helicopters and ground‐based vehicles offer to the shape based approaches are delineated. These approaches as discussed by various authors in this special issue, and directions for future work for target detection and tracking are summarized.
1467 CREATINE KINASE BRAIN ISOENZYME CONCENTRATION CKBB IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID(CSF) OF NEWBORNS

Using a radioimmunoassay we measured [CKBB] in 130 CSF samples from 86 newborns. Infants with intraventricular hemmorhage(IVH) documented by computerized tomography(CT) had significantly higher [CKBB] in CSF than infants who had normal CT's or were not clinically suspected of having an IVH. [CKBB]'s are expressed in nanograms/ml. Patients with a definitely abnormal neurological exam prior to the LP had significantly higher [CKBB] in CSF than those with suspect or normal exams. All 15 infants with [CKBB]>25 ng/ml had suffered a severe neurological insult. (13 had an IVH and 2 had severe asphyxia.) CSF [CKBB] is a metabolic indicator of brain damage and is significantly elevated in CSF from infants with IVH and abnormal neurological exams.
Novel mechanism for superconductivity in the resonating-valence-bond ground state.

Assuming that the resonating-valence-bond (RVB) ground state is relevant to high-temperature superconductivity as Anderson has proposed, we demonstrate a new mechanism which may lead to pairing between charged vacancies. This mechanism arises as follows: We first embed the RVB model in a more general "loop gas." Then in the loop gas we identify a phase transition. The "order parameter" of the loop gas is shown to be like that of a planar rotor, and thus the ordered phase is of the Kosterlitz-Thouless type. Charged vacancies are then shown to have an order-parameter winding number of \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1, and thus will bind into doubly charged vacancy-vortex pairs.
Adipokinetic Activity of Porcine Fraction H in the Rabbit—Guinea Pig—Rat and Mouse

Previous reports described the preparation from hog pituitary glands of a fraction (labeled “Fraction H”) which is highly active in mobilizing free fatty acids (FFA) into the serum of the rabbit. In this report, certain metabolic changes produced in the rabbit by porcine Fraction H are examined in more detail. The adipokinetic activity of porcine Fraction H in the rabbit, guinea pig, rat and mouse are compared. The injection of 3 mg of porcine Fraction H in the rabbit caused a 10-fold increase in serum FFA within 2 hours, which persisted for more than 8 hours. The adipose tissue of the rabbit treated with Fraction H exhibited hyperemia and contained an 11-fold greater average concentration of FFA than that of the normal rabbit. Lowering of serum CO2 content occurred during the mobilization of FFA. A slight reduction in R.Q. was found but there was no change in blood sugar concentration. Acetonemia did not appear. Four hours after the injection, there were 5- to 8-fold increases in the concentrations of li...
Transgraph: interactive intensity-based 2D/3D registration of X-ray and CT data

This paper presents work towards a system for intra-operative registration of 3D CT data to 2D X-ray radiographs. The registration procedure involves iterative comparison of Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs (DRRs) with X-ray images acquired during surgery. A new data structure called a Transgraph permits rapid generation of DRRS, and greatly speeds up the registration process. The underlying data structures are described, and the registration algorithm is evaluated for application to an existing image guided radiosurgery system.
Relationship Between Low Blood Pressure and Depressive Symptomatology in Older People

OBJECTIVES: To determine if low blood pressure is associated with a definable constellation of somatic and psychological symptoms in older persons. DESIGN: A population-based study. SETTING: In-home interviews in five southwestern states. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2723 Mexican Americans aged 65 or older not living in institutions. MEASURES: Blood pressure, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), global self-rating of health, and self-esteem. RESULTS: Bivariate analyses indicate a significant relationship between low blood pressure and increased depressive symptomatology; for example, systolic hypotensive subjects scored a CES-D mean of 12.07 ± .67 compared to 8.99 ± .95 for normotensives (P < .01). Regression analyses supported these findings when controlling for confounders such as gender, age, and use of antihypertensive medications. Subjects with low blood pressure also scored lower on self-esteem and global self-reported health and reported more days waking up feeling tired. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the existence of a relationship between low blood pressure and higher levels of depressive symptomatology as well as a constellation of somatic and psychosocial symptoms. J Am Geriatr Soc 48: 250–255, 2000.
Estimates of elastic moduli for granular material with anisotropic random packing structure

Abstract For randomly packed spheres, the packing structure can be characterized by a fabric tensor representing the orientation distribution of inter-particle contacts. The densities of inter-particle contacts are generally not the same for all inter-particle orientations, exhibiting the anisotropy of a packing structure. Utilizing the fabric tensor, elastic moduli of granular material with anisotropic packing structures are derived in explicit terms of inter-particle properties. The derivation is based on two different methods, namely the kinematic method and the static method. Results derived from kinematic and static methods provide, respectively, the upper and lower estimates of elastic moduli. Ranges of elastic moduli are discussed for granular materials with different inter-particle properties and fabric parameters. The close relationship between fabric tensor and material symmetry is demonstrated.
A unified world oil market: Regions in physical, economic, geographic, and political space

Although there is a general consensus that the market is unified, here we quantify the factors that create regions by analyzing the price relation between 33 crude oils. ADF statistics indicate that 447 of the 528 crude oil pairings cointegrate; 81 do not. The presence/absence of cointegration is analyzed using a logit model. The likelihood that the prices for two crude oils cointegrate depends on their physical characteristics (density and sulfur content), economic factors (country risk for the nation of origin), their geographic location (distance between supply ports), and political factors (OPEC membership). Over the sample period, the technology to refine heavy crude oils penetrates the market, and this reduces the price difference between heavy and light crude oils. The effect of country risk implies that crude oils from high risk nations are not perfect substitutes for crude oils of similar quality from low risk nations. Finally, crude oils from widely separated suppliers are more likely to cointegrate than crude oils from near-by nations, which suggests consumers diversify supply across transportation chokepoints. For this sample, these sources of regionalization add $0.20 per barrel to the $2.86 average price difference between crude oils in the same market. Together, these factors have important implications for the efficacy of policy aimed at reducing dependence on unreliable suppliers and the spill-over effects of holding inventories.
Global Ensemble Predictions of 2009’s Tropical Cyclones Initialized with an Ensemble Kalman Filter

Abstract Verification was performed on ensemble forecasts of 2009 Northern Hemisphere summer tropical cyclones (TCs) from two experimental global numerical weather prediction ensemble prediction systems (EPSs). The first model was a high-resolution version (T382L64) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS). The second model was a 30-km version of the experimental NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory’s Flow-following finite-volume Icosahedral Model (FIM). Both models were initialized with the first 20 members of a 60-member ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) using the T382L64 GFS. The GFS–EnKF assimilated the full observational data stream that was normally assimilated into the NCEP operational Global Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation, plus human-synthesized “observations” of tropical cyclone central pressure and position produced at the National Hurricane Center and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The forecasts from the two experimental ensembl...
Environmental Control Technology for Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

The impact of fossil fuel use in the United States on worldwide CO2 emissions and the impact of increased coal utilization on CO2 emission rates are assessed. The aspects of CO2 control are discussed as well as the available CO2 control points (CO2 removal sites).
STIMULATORY PROPERTIES OF FILTRATE FROM THE GREEN ALGA HORMOTILA BLENNISTA. I. DESCRIPTION1,2

SUMMARY A laboratory phenomenon involving autostimulation of growth by filtrates of the green alga Hormotila blennista is described, and stimulation attributed primarily to the secretion of organic metabolites. Filtrates obtained from actively growing cultures 1 through 4 weeks old showed maximum growth rate stimulation values in excess of 100%. Stimulatory properties of filtrate were heat labile, were not closely controlled by the starting pH within the limits normally encountered in culture, and did not result from depletion of essential nutrients. Concomitant with growth rate stimulation, filtrates characteristically extended the lag phase of culture growth. H. blennista filtrate can support bacterial growth and selectively stimulate or inhibit 2 planktonic green algae. It was suggested that extracellular organic products secreted by H. blennista during active growth could be of survival value to the organism, and could also play regulatory roles among other microorganisms in nature.
On the sample characterization criterion for normal distributions

Conventionally, it was shown that the underlying distribution is normal if and only if the sample mean and sample variance from a random sample are independent. This paper focusses on the normal population characterization theorem by showing that, if the joint distribution of a skew normal sample follows certain multivariate skew normal distribution, the sample mean and sample variance are still independent.
Critical film thickness for fracture in thin-film electrodes on substrates in the presence of interfacial sliding

It is well known that thin-film electrodes on substrates could fracture during lithium insertion/extraction above a critical film thickness. Recent studies have revealed that lithium could facilitate sliding at the interface between lithiated Si and the underlying substrate. In this paper, we investigate fracture in thin-film electrodes and derive the critical film thickness for fracture as a function of both the fracture toughness of the film and the sliding resistance of the interface. The analysis indicates that a slippery interface due to lithiation could significantly decrease the critical thickness for fracture.
A bounce-averaged Fokker-Planck code for stellarator transport

A computer code for solving the bounce-averaged Fokker-Planck equation appropriate to stellarator transport has been developed and its first applications have been made. The code is much faster than the bounce-averaged Monte-Carlo codes, which up to now have provided the most efficient numerical means for studying stellarator transport. Moreover, since the connection to analytic kinetic theory is more direct for the Fokker-Planck approach than for the Monte-Carlo approach, a comparison of theory and numerical experiment is now possible at a considerably more detailed level than previously.
An Adsorption–Desorption-Controlled Surfactant on a Deforming Droplet

The effects of a sorption-controlled, monolayer-forming surfactant on a drop deforming in an extensional flow are studied numerically. Scaling arguments are presented for drops of 1 cm and 1 µm, indicating the applicability of these results. For all simulations, when mass transfer is slow compared to surface convection, the insoluble limit is recovered; when mass transfer is rapid, the drop behavior is the same as that for a surfactant-free drop. For a surfactant which forms a monolayer, there is an upper bound to the surface concentration, Gammainfinity. The surface tension reduction diverges as the surface concentration Gamma approaches this limit, strongly altering the hydrodynamics. The drop deformation is studied relative to a surfactant-free drop in terms of the capillary number, Ca, the ratio of characteristic viscous stresses to surface tension. In the insoluble limit, for Gamma << Gammainfinity, droplets deform more than in the absence of surfactants at a given Ca and break-up at lower Ca. When stable drop shapes are attained, stagnant caps form at the drop tips. Finite surfactant mass transfer rates eliminate these caps and diminish the deformation. For Gamma approaching Gammainfinity in the insoluble limit, interfaces are strongly stressed for perturbative surface concentration gradients; Gamma remains nearly uniform throughout the deformation process. Deformations are reduced at a given Ca. When stable drop shapes are attained, the surface is completely stagnated. Marangoni stresses force the surface velocity to zero to keep Gamma below its upper bound. For soluble surfactants, as mass transfer rates increase, the magnitude of these stresses diminishes. Deformations change nonmonotonically with mass transfer rates and are not bounded by the limiting clean interface and insoluble limits. The drop contribution to the volume averaged stress tensor Sigma is also calculated. The axial component Sigmazz increases with the drop length; the radial component Sigmarr increases with the drop breadth. Since the deformation is strongly influenced by the surfactant concentration and the mass transfer rates, so too is Sigma. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.
Co-ordinate transformation in back-stepping design for a class of non-linear systems

In this paper the problem of existence and construction of a co-ordinate transformation is investigated for non-linear systems appearing in feedback linearization and back-stepping adaptive control problems. Conditions are derived to completely characterize the classes of non-linear systems that are transformable to the simple triangular and parametric simple triangular forms via linear transformations. the conditions are shown to be invariant under linear co-ordinate transformations and non-linear feedback. For systems satisfying these conditions, the development of the co-ordinate transformation is shown to be equivalent to that of their first-order approximations and is straightforward.
Flanker effects in peripheral contrast discrimination—psychophysics and modeling

We studied lateral interactions in the periphery by measuring how contrast discrimination of a peripheral Gabor patch is affected by flankers. In the psychophysical experiments, two Gabor targets appeared simultaneously to the left and right of fixation (4° eccentricity). Observers reported which contrast was higher (spatial 2-alternative-forced-choice). In different conditions, Gabor flankers of different orientation, phase, and contrast were present above and below the two targets, at a distance of three times the spatial Gabor period. The data show that collinear flanks impair discrimination performance for low pedestal contrasts but have no effect for high pedestal contrasts. The transition between these two result patterns occurs typically at a pedestal contrast which is similar to the flanker contrast. For orthogonal flanks, we find facilitation at low pedestal contrasts, and suppression at intermediate contrasts. We account for this complex interaction pattern by a model that assumes that flankers can provide additive input to the target unit, and that they further contribute to the target's gain control, but only in a limited range of pedestal contrasts; once the target contrast exceeds a critical value, inhibition becomes subtractive rather than divisive. We further make specific propositions on how this model could be implemented at the neuronal level and show that a simple integrate and fire unit that receives time-modulated inhibition behaves in a fashion strikingly similar to the model inferred from the psychophysical data.
Framing Cancer for Online News: Implications for Popular Perceptions of Cancer

News frames can influence how people think about disease. In a pair of studies, we demonstrate how contemporary news outlets frame cancer and how exposure to common frames can affect news audiences' perceptions of those who suffer from cancer. First, we examine the current landscape of frame usage in online cancer news, employing frames ideally suited to the depiction of health and disease. We compare our results with previously published research in this news domain. Second, we employ these frames in a multimessage experiment to assess the influence of cancer news framing on individuals' perceptions about cancer, cancer interventions, and those with cancer. We conclude with a discussion of implications for framing research and health news production.
Bupivacaine and lignocaine induced seizures in rhesus monkeys.

SUMMARY Bupivacaine and lignocaine seizure dosage and arterial plasma drug levels were studied in rhesus monkeys. During constant rate infusion, mean ± SD seizure threshold values (jug/ml) were: bupivacaine 5.51± 1.78, and lignocaine 26.1 ± 1.8. Pre-seizure behavioural and electroencephalographic activity were specific for each agent. Electrical changes during lignocaine infusion were characterized by diffuse slowing and the irregular appearance of large spike and slow-waves which led directly into the seizure. Some gnirnalsj during bupivacaine infusion, showed similar changes of shorter duration, while no characteristic pre-seizure pattern was observed in others. Drowsiness and sedation in these animals were minimal or absent. No seizure foci were observed with either drug.
The epidemiology of threatened preterm labor: a prospective cohort study.

Objective The purpose of this study was to describe the occurrence, timing, and outcomes of hospital-based diagnoses of preterm labor. Study design Administrative records identified hospital admissions for preterm labor among 2534 women in an ongoing cohort study. Factors that were considered risks for prematurity were examined by logistic regression for an association with any preterm labor diagnosis, a preterm labor diagnosis Results Of 234 women (9%) who experienced hospitalization for preterm labor, 90 women (38%) were delivered in the first episode. Previous preterm birth consistently was associated with a diagnosis of preterm labor. Reporting a sexually transmitted infection (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-3.0) or bacterial vaginosis (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.7-4.1) early in pregnancy was associated with hospitalization for preterm labor between 24 and 32 weeks of gestation. Conclusion The incidence of first-time hospitalization for preterm labor was 9%, with most episodes not resulting in preterm birth. Previous preterm birth was associated therefore with a preterm labor diagnosis.
Receiver function imaging of upper mantle complexity beneath the Pacific Northwest, United States

Abstract Small-scale topographic variations on the upper mantle seismic discontinuities provide important constraints on the thermal influences of upwellings and downwellings in geodynamically complex regions. Subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate and other tectonic processes dominating the Pacific Northwest, United States in the Cenozoic involve massive thermal flux that likely result in an upper mantle that has strong 3-D temperature variations. We address the interaction of such processes in the region using receiver functions to image the upper mantle seismic discontinuities at 410 and 660 km. We utilized over 15 000 high quality receiver functions gathered from 294 teleseismic earthquakes recorded at 277 regional broadband seismic stations, primarily those of the Earthscope/USArray Transportable Array. We find the average depths of the discontinuities to be 412 km and 658 km, respectively, with no obvious 520 km discontinuity detected. The peak-to-peak range is greater on the ‘410’ than the ‘660’, suggesting the possibility of more significant regional dynamic processes at upper mantle depths. Our results are not consistent with a mantle plume below central Oregon in the High Lava Plains region. Our observation of a thinner transition zone beneath the western Snake River Plain region, however, is consistent with a regional increase in mantle temperatures, perhaps due to either asthenospheric flow from beneath and around the southern edge of the Juan de Fuca plate, or to vertical flow in the form of regional mantle upwelling related to the Snake River Plain / Yellowstone hotspot track. Further, our results are not consistent with a simple subducting Juan de Fuca slab morphology, but rather suggest similar levels of significant complexity in slab structure found by recent regional tomographic studies. We find evidence for a thickened and therefore cooler mantle transition zone beneath the Wallowa / Idaho Batholith region, consistent with tomographic models which suggest broad scale increased seismic velocities to transition zone depths. We speculate that this region may be the location of mantle downwelling at larger scales than previously proposed.