cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Initial experience with establishing Lutetium-177 Dotatate (Lutathera) programs: experiences at two medical centers, USC and UCSD.

1113 Objectives: The FDA approved Lutetium 177-Dotatate (Lutathera) for the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) on January 26th, 2018. Academic and private institutions have started to establish Lutathera treatment programs with coordinated efforts between Nuclear Medicine and multiple departments. The process of starting a Lutathera program requires numerous steps including approval by several hospital committees and coordination within Nuclear Medicine and between Oncology, Radiation Oncology, Surgery, nursing, pharmacy, and information technology. Ultimately the goal of receiving approval to establish Lutathera treatment programs for patients is a multidisciplinary effort requiring supervision by Nuclear Medicine. With the aim of facilitating the process at other institutions, we outline the challenges and potential approaches. Methods and Results: The experiences at University of Southern California (USC) and University of California San Diego (UCSD) medical centers in developing and establishing Lutathera programs are compared and contrasted in order to provide insight and guidance into the process of developing new Lutathera treatment programs at other institutions. A variety of topics including training of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology staff, scheduling, monitoring, additional medications before, during and after Lutathera treatment, delivery of therapy, experience using amino acid solutions for renal protection, post-therapy follow-up and continued treatment plans are explored. Conclusions: In order to establish a successful Lutathera treatment program, several considerations and coordinated efforts are needed between Nuclear Medicine and other departments and within the Nuclear Medicine group.
Efficient coding of numbers explains decision bias and noise

Abstract Human subjects differentially weight different stimuli in averaging tasks. This has been interpreted as reflecting biased stimulus encoding, but an alternative hypothesis is that stimuli are encoded with noise, then optimally decoded. Moreover, with efficient coding, the amount of noise should vary across stimulus space, and depend on the statistics of stimuli. We investigate these predictions through a task in which participants are asked to compare the averages of two series of numbers, each sampled from a prior distribution that differs across blocks of trials. We show that subjects encode numbers with both a bias and a noise that depend on the number. Infrequently occurring numbers are encoded with more noise. A maximum-likelihood decoding model captures subjects’ behaviour and indicates efficient coding. Finally, our model predicts a relation between the bias and variability of estimates, thus providing a statistically-founded, parsimonious derivation of Wei and Stocker’s “law of human perception”.
Discourse Analysis in Integrated STEM Activities: Methods for Examining Power and Positioning in Small Group Interactions

Integrated science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education is becoming increasingly common in K-12 classrooms, and small group activities are ubiquitous to STEM instruction. This article includes both theoretical and practical descriptions of a microethnographic approach to critical multimodal discourse analysis that we used to explore power and positioning within a mixed-gender group of students working together on an engineering design challenge. We drew upon social semiotics, positioning theory, and activity theory to ground this work and utilized three phases of data analysis: microethnography to develop individual and group storylines, critical multimodal discourse analysis of key events, and the integration of storylines and discourse analysis. This multi-phase approach granted us insights into our data that would have otherwise been lacking. Microethnography revealed the significance of the shift between science and engineering activities in relation to power and positioning within the group. Multimodal analysis revealed that the introduction of new physical artifacts influenced power and positioning within the small group, with different modes of communication having different intensities across the unit. We argue that our approach is useful in analyzing complex small group interactions within science classrooms and highlight key methodological decisions for researchers interested in employing a microethnographic approach to critical multimodal discourse analysis.
The Stress of Bayesian Medicine - Uncomfortable Uncertainty in the Face of Covid-19

The Stress of Bayesian Medicine Changes in medical understanding or practice usually occur slowly, allowing physicians to carefully update their knowledge and retain their claim on expertise. But C...
THE NATURE OF Lyα BLOBS: POWERED BY EXTREME STARBURSTS

We present a new model for the observed Ly? blobs (LABs) within the context of the standard cold dark matter model. In this model, LABs are the most massive halos with the strongest clustering (protoclusters) undergoing extreme starbursts in the high-z universe. Aided by calculations of detailed radiative transfer of Ly? photons through ultrahigh resolution (159 pc), large-scale (?30 Mpc) adaptive mesh refinement cosmological hydrodynamic simulations with galaxy formation, this model is shown to be able to, for the first time, reproduce simultaneously the global Ly? luminosity function and the luminosity-size relation of the observed LABs. Physically, a combination of dust attenuation of Ly? photons within galaxies, clustering of galaxies, and the complex propagation of Ly? photons through the circumgalactic and intergalactic medium gives rise to the large sizes and the irregular isophotal shapes of LABs that are frequently observed. A generic and unique prediction of this model is that there should be strong far-infrared (FIR) sources within each LAB with the most luminous FIR source likely representing the gravitational center of the protocluster, not necessarily the apparent center of the Ly? emission of the LAB or the most luminous optical source. Upcoming ALMA observations should unambiguously test this prediction. If verified, LABs will provide very valuable laboratories for studying the formation of galaxies in the most overdense regions of the universe at a time when the global star formation was the most vigorous.
A comparison of Gurson and Cocks–Ashby porosity kinetics and degradation functions

Effects of porosity play a key role in ductile fracture and many modern metals are less than fully dense with a finite porosity created either unintentionally (as in additively manufactured or powder processed materials) or intentionally (as in metallic meta-materials and foams). This study compares the Gurson and Cocks–Ashby models’ predictions of porosity evolution (kinetics) and material degradation against unit cell simulations of a strain-rate dependent material under varying triaxiality. Previous comparisons do not address varying triaxiality and direct comparisons between the Gurson and Cocks–Ashby models are limited. This study also uses triaxiality, flow stress, strain rate, and strain-rate sensitivity from unit cell simulations as inputs to each model to give an accurate depiction of the models’ performance under complex evolving loading and material states. A fitting procedure for porosity evolution is also shown. This study shows the overall predictive power of the Gurson model over the Cocks–Ashby model. It also highlights the accuracy of the Cocks–Ashby porosity evolution model and Cocks–Ashby degradation function when each model is calibrated independently.
Factors associated with neutropenia post heart transplantation.

Background Neutropenia is a serious complication following heart transplantation (OHT); however, risk factors for its development and its association with outcomes is not well described. We sought to study the prevalence of neutropenia, risk factors associated with its development, and its impact on infection, rejection, and survival. Methods A retrospective single-center analysis of adult OHT recipients from July 2004 to December 2017 was performed. Demographic, laboratory, medication, infection, rejection, and survival data were collected for 1 year post-OHT. Baseline laboratory measurements were collected within the 24 hours before OHT. Neutropenia was defined as absolute neutrophil count ≤1000 cells/mm3. Cox proportional hazards models explored associations with time to first neutropenia. Associations between neutropenia, analyzed as a time-dependent covariate, with secondary outcomes of time to infection, rejection, or death were also examined. Results Of 278 OHT recipients, 84 (30%) developed neutropenia at a median of 142 days (range 81-228) after transplant. Factors independently associated with increased risk of neutropenia included lower baseline WBC (HR 1.12; 95% CI 1.11-1.24), pre-OHT ventricular assist device (1.63; 1.00-2.66), high-risk CMV serostatus [donor positive, recipient negative] (1.86; 1.19-2.88), and having a previous CMV infection (4.07; 3.92-13.7). Conclusions Neutropenia is a fairly common occurrence after adult OHT. CMV infection was associated with subsequent neutropenia, however, no statistically significant differences in outcomes were found between neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients in this small study. It remains to be determined in future studies if medication changes in response to neutropenia would impact patient outcomes.
Perceived occupational risk of fentanyl exposure among law enforcement

Abstract Background Although toxicologists, medical professionals, and service providers have determined that the risk of overdose from fentanyl exposure is extremely low for law enforcement and other first responders, hundreds of media and social media accounts contradict these facts, making these civil servants unnecessarily concerned about such occupational hazards. Methods We conducted a qualitative study to explore knowledge and fear of fentanyl exposure by interviewing 23 law enforcement leaders and officers in five diverse law enforcement agencies in the United States. Results Nearly all leaders and officers interviewed wrongly believed that dermal exposure to fentanyl was deadly and expressed fear about such exposure on scene. Officers had a lack of education about fentanyl exposure and faulty or dubious sources of information about it. Conclusion There is a substantial, pressing need for dissemination of research about the lack of overdose risk associated with dermal fentanyl exposure through channels that law enforcement trust, including through basic academy, in-service training, and law enforcement bulletins and newsletters.
When green practices affect business performance: an investigation into California’s hotel industry

Previous studies suggest there are financial benefits of environmentally friendly business practices. However, a firm’s decision to adopt green initiatives is endogenous. This study attempts to cor...
Failure rates and outcomes after anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty are equivalent irrespective of subscapularis repair technique

Abstract Background Subscapularis management during total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) remains an area of debate. Although subscapularis-sparing techniques exist, most TSAs are performed through a deltopectoral interval with the subscapularis released and repaired. A paucity of literature exists comparing transosseous repair (TOR) with direct primary tendon repair (PTR) of a subscapularis tenotomy. Our study compared outcomes after TOR and PTR in patients undergoing anatomic TSA. Methods This retrospective study included patients who underwent primary anatomic TSA through a deltopectoral approach with subscapularis tenotomy using either PTR or TOR for repair. Outcome measures included subscapularis failure rates, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) survey scores, internal rotation range of motion and strength, complications, and reoperation rates at 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Results Institutional database query identified 306 patients who had primary anatomic TSA, 114 of whom had PTR and 192 TOR. Postoperative ASES and VAS scores were significantly improved at all time points in both groups compared with the preoperative scores (P Conclusion Both transosseous and primary soft-tissue repair techniques after subscapularis tenotomy result in good outcomes after primary anatomic TSA. No differences were found between groups regarding clinical subscapularis failure rate, internal rotation range of motion or strength, VAS, or ASES scores at 2-year follow-up. Level of evidence Level III; Retrospective Study
Surveillance of Clostridium difficile infections in Finnish acute care hospitals, 2008-2014: trends, diagnostics and control measures.

Enhanced hospital-based surveillance of Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) started after the first detection of PCR ribotype 027 in October 2007 as part of Finnish Hospital Infection Program.
Fun Home: A Family Tragicomic

Just in time for the holidays, treat yourself to healthy servings of art, philosophy, literature, and comic noir dished up on a painstakingly polished Gothic Revival silver platter. The first graph...
El oleoturismo: una alternativa para preservar los paisajes del olivar y promover el desarrollo rural y regional de Andalucía (España)

Un aprovechamiento inteligente del capital territorial es fundamental para propiciar el desarrollo regional. En el caso de Andalucia, los paisajes del olivar resultan ser un elemento clave para entender la configuracion de su territorio. Desde hace anos, la cultura del olivo ha aportado a esta region un gran valor paisajistico y medioambiental. La diversidad de estos paisajes ofrece un marco idoneo para iniciativas que aprovechen, con fines turisticos, todos los elementos culturales vinculados a este cultivo. El oleoturismo permite reforzar el caracter multifuncional de los paisajes del olivar de manera que, aprovechando de forma sostenible los recursos existentes, se contribuya al aumento del bienestar de toda la poblacion rural. En este articulo se presenta al oleoturismo como una alternativa de diversificacion economica, para muchas localidades ubicadas en zonas olivareras, y que contribuye a preservar los paisajes del olivar y a promover el desarrollo rural y regional de Andalucia
Layout optimization using arbitrarily high degree posynomial models

The problem of designing individual macrocells for a library with power and speed considerations is addressed here. A new technique for optimization using posynomial approximating functions is devised. In the design of each macrocell, optimality in design is critical and highly accurate techniques for measuring the performance are required during optimization. This paper presents methods for accurately estimating the worst-case contribution of the power and delay of a cell to a circuit. The program uses circuit-level simulation to calculate the power dissipation and delay of the cell with the highest accuracy. A rationale for using arbitrary degree posynomial modeling functions for area, delay and power modeling is presented. The problem is then formulated as a convex programming problem, and a rigorous optimization technique is used to arrive at the optimal macrocell.
Neonatal injury rapidly alters markers of pain and stress in rat pups

Less than 60% of infants undergoing invasive procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit receive analgesic therapy. These infants show long-term decreases in pain sensitivity and cortisol reactivity. In rats, we have previously shown that inflammatory pain experienced on the day of birth significantly decreases adult somatosensory thresholds and responses to anxiety- and stress-provoking stimuli. These long-term changes in pain and stress responsiveness are accompanied by two-fold increases in central met-enkephalin and β-endorphin expression. However, the time course over which these changes in central opioid peptide expression occur, relative to the time of injury, are not known. The present studies were conducted to determine whether the observed changes in adult opioid peptide expression were present within the first postnatal week following injury. The impact of neonatal inflammation on plasma corticosterone, a marker for stress reactivity, was also determined. Brain, spinal cord, and trunk blood were harvested at 24 h, 48 h, and 7 d following intraplantar administration of the inflammatory agent carrageenan on the day of birth. Radioimmunoassay was used to determine plasma corticosterone and met-enkephalin and β-endorphin levels within the forebrain, cortex, midbrain, and spinal cord. Within 24 h of injury, met-enkephalin levels were significantly increased in the midbrain, but decreased in the spinal cord and cortex; forebrain β-endorphin levels were significantly increased as a result of early life pain. Corticosterone levels were also significantly increased. At 7 d post-injury, opioid peptides remained elevated relative to controls, suggesting a time point by which injury-induced changes become programmed and permanent.
The neurobiology of predation: sensory adaptations to carnivory (89.3)

Study objective: We investigated the central and peripheral nervous systems of northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster), the most highly carnivorous rodents in North America, in order to explore potential neural correlates of the transition to carnivory. Methods: Multiunit electrophysiological recordings combined with analysis of flattened sections of neocortex processed for cytochrome oxidase were used to determine the topography of primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and the location and size of both the visual and auditory cortex. These findings were then related to flattened cortical sections of juvenile grasshopper mice labeled with the serotonin transporter (SERT) antibody. The number of myelinated axons in trigeminal, cochlear, and optic nerves were also quantified. Results: An enlarged forepaw representation was discovered within S1. Primary visual cortex (V1) also appeared to be larger in flattened cortex preparations compared to other rodents. Whereas the trigeminal and cochlear nerves we...
The Revision and Expansion of Self-Theory through Preparedness

The present paper examines the psychological pathways by which accumulating experiences of possible self-revision ultimately lead to revision of the core selves that define a broader personal narrative. In so doing, we expand the notion of naive 'self-theories' by identifying self-serving attributions and possible selves as critical components that extend or undermine the core self-theo- ries of a unique personal narrative written (and revised) over a lifetime. Ultimately, we advance preparedness as the motivational force that drives the road from possible to core self-revision over time.
Do We Need "Synthetic Bioethics"?

As we address ethical issues in emerging fields, ethicists, funders, and policy-makers should resist balkanization.
Structure-based Engineering of Sabin 2 Poliovirus Polymerase to Alter Replication Fidelity

Picornaviruses cause a wide range of ailments, including myocarditis, poliomyelitis, and vesicular lesion type diseases. Excellent vaccines exist for several of them, and the development of the live-attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV) provided an efficient and cost-effective avenue for successful poliovirus eradication in the majority of the world. However, one hurdle for developing successful live-attenuated vaccines lies with the viral RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase (RdRP) enzyme whose low replication fidelity allows for reversion of attenuated viruses to disease causing variants. Improving the replication fidelity of RdRPs is an attractive avenue for virus attenuation because it may curtail such reversion issues. We have previously solved the crystal structures of several picornaviral polymerase-RNA complexes that show the structural changes taking place within these polymerases during active site closure and catalysis (Gong et al., 2010, 2013). Based on this, we engineered a panel of fidelity variant coxsackievirus B3 polymerases that caused reduced infectivity and attenuated virus growth in mice (Gnadig et al., PNAS, 2012). We hypothesize that such modulation of polymerase fidelity via structure based protein engineering can provide an effective platform to improve the design of live-attenuated vaccines. To investigate this further we have generated over a dozen mutations in the poliovirus Sabin 2 strain polymerase and carried out in vitro biochemical assays to show that these can either increase or decrease polymerase fidelity while having minor effects on elongation rates and processivity. The fidelity modulation can arise from single point mutations, multi-site mutations that replace entire groups of interacting residues, or from grafting in structurally homologous sequences from related polymerases. The data suggests mutations in the palm domain of the poliovirus RdRP can serve as efficient fidelity modulation sites for protein engineering purposes, and we are now seeking to test these variant polymerases in an infectious virus context.
A coupled expert system for optimum design of bridges

A prototype coupled expert system has been developed for optimum design of truss bridges, called BTEXPERT. The scope of BTEXPERT is limited to the optimum design of four types of truss bridges, i.e. Pratt, Parker, parallel-chord K truss and curved-chord K truss for a span range of 100-500 ft. The approach to the expert systems used in BTEXPERT is novel in at least two respects. First, mathematical optimization is introduced in the expert system. Second, the knowledge base of BTEXPERT contains not only heuristic rules and experiential knowledge but also knowledge obtained by machine experimentation. >
Time redundant error detection scheme in computer architecture for fuzzy logic

An error detection scheme is proposed for a fuzzy inference system. First, the basic operation modules for minimum, maximum, and inverse operations are designed for fuzzy logic using ordinary binary logic gates. Then the error detection method called RESO (recomputing with shifted operands), which uses time redundancy for error detection and correction is applied for error detection in fuzzy inference arrays. >
“We’ll Get to You When We Get to You”: Exploring Potential Contributions of Health Care Staff Behaviors to Patient Perceptions of Discrimination and Satisfaction

Objectives. We qualitatively assessed patients’ perceptions of discrimination and patient satisfaction in the health care setting specific to interactions with nonphysician health care staff.Methods. We conducted 12 focus-group interviews with African American and European American participants, stratified by race and gender, from June to November 2008. We used a topic guide to facilitate discussion and identify factors contributing to perceived discrimination and analyzed transcripts for relevant themes using a codebook.Results. We enrolled 92 participants: 55 African Americans and 37 European Americans, all of whom reported perceived discrimination and lower patient satisfaction as a result of interactions with nonphysician health care staff. Perceived discrimination was associated with 2 main characteristics: insurance or socioeconomic status and race. Both verbal and nonverbal communication style on the part of nonphysician health care staff were related to individuals’ perceptions of how they were tr...
Development of normal faults during emplacement of a thrust sheet: an example from the Lewis allochthon, Glacier National Park, Montana (U.S.A.)

Abstract Geologic mapping in southern Glacier National Park, Montana, reveals the presence of widespread, E-dipping normal faults within the basal portion of the Lewis allochthon. The displacement along the normal faults increases downward from less than 1 m at the highest exposure, 200–300 m above the Lewis Thrust, to a maximum of 200 m near or at the Lewis Thrust. The normal faults are located below discrete, bedding-parallel shear zones associated with mesoscopic structures characterized by NE- or SW-trending striations on bedding surfaces and asymmetric E-verging folds. These shear zones lie directly below the E-directed Brave Dog Fault, a major bedding-subparallel fault within the Lewis allochthon. The shear zones are interpreted to have formed during the development of the Brave Dog Fault. Striations on the Brave Dog Fault, normal faults and shear surfaces in the shear zones are consistent with the transport direction of the Lewis Thrust. The kinematic compatibility of the normal faults with the Lewis Thrust, the concentration of the normal faults along the basal part of the Lewis plate, and the increase in displacement along them toward the Lewis Thrust, all suggest that their development was synkinematic with eastward emplacement of the Lewis allochthon. The normal faults may have formed as Riedel shears (R) that accommodated a bulk, simple-shear strain within the thrust plate between the simultaneously moving subhorizontal Brave Dog and Lewis faults.
Estrogen receptors in epithelial and stromal cells of human endometrium in culture.

Abstract Estradiol (E 2 ) receptor concentrations were measured in endometrial tissue, in isolated glands, in stromal cell preparations and in monolayer cultures derived from these fractions. The levels of E 2 receptors (ER) tended to be higher in stroma than in glands. The decline of ER levels occurring in whole tissue during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle was also observed in both glands and stroma. Throughout the menstrual cycle, a significant fraction (25–70%) of the total ER was found as available receptors, i.e. not bound to E 2 , in nuclei from either whole tissue or the separated components. Levels of estrogen receptors were measured daily in glandular epithelial and stromal cells during the first week in culture. An initial disappearance of ER was followed by an increase in ER to levels higher than those present in the original preparations and by a subsequent decline to negligible values. Subcultures showed low ER levels which then increased. Addition of E 2 to the medium elevated these levels and addition of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) reduced them. Relatively low levels of available nuclear receptors were found in cells in culture.
Bias and variance trade-offs when combining propensity score weighting and regression: with an application to HIV status and homeless men.

The quality of propensity scores is traditionally measured by assessing how well they make the distributions of covariates in the treatment and control groups match, which we refer to as “good balance”. Good balance guarantees less biased estimates of the treatment effect. However, the cost of achieving good balance is that the variance of the estimates increases due to a reduction in effective sample size, either through the introduction of propensity score weights or dropping cases when propensity score matching. In this paper, we investigate whether it is best to optimize the balance or to settle for a less than optimal balance and use double robust estimation to adjust for remaining differences. We compare treatment effect estimates from regression, propensity score weighting, and double robust estimation with varying levels of effort expended to achieve balance using data from a study about the differences in outcomes by HIV status in heterosexually active homeless men residing in Los Angeles. Because of how costly data collection efforts are for this population, it is important to find an alternative estimation method that does not reduce effective sample size as much as methods that aggressively aim to optimize balance. Results from a simulation study suggest that there are instances in which we can obtain more precise treatment effect estimates without increasing bias too much by using a combination of regression and propensity score weights that achieve a less than optimal balance. There is a bias-variance tradeoff at work in propensity score estimation; every step toward better balance usually means an increase in variance and at some point a marginal decrease in bias may not be worth the associated increase in variance.
Dia-interacting protein modulates formin-mediated actin assembly at the cell cortex.

Summary Background Mammalian Diaphanous (mDia)-related formins and the N-WASP-activated Arp2/3 complex initiate the assembly of filamentous actin. Dia-interacting protein (DIP) binds via its amino-terminal SH3 domain to the proline-rich formin homology 1 (FH1) domain of mDia1 and mDia2 and to the N-WASp proline-rich region. Results Here, we investigated an interaction between a conserved leucine-rich region (LRR) in DIP and the mDia FH2 domain that nucleates, processively elongates, and bundles actin filaments. DIP binding to mDia2 was regulated by the same Rho-GTPase-controlled autoinhibitory mechanism modulating formin-mediated actin assembly. DIP was previously shown to interact with and stimulate N-WASp-dependent branched filament assembly via Arp2/3. Despite direct binding to both mDia1 and mDia2 FH2 domains, DIP LRR inhibited only mDia2-dependent filament assembly and bundling in vitro. DIP expression interfered with filopodia formation, consistent with a role for mDia2 in assembly of these structures. After filopodia retraction into the cell body, DIP expression induced excessive nonapoptotic membrane blebbing, a physiological process involved in both cytokinesis and amoeboid cell movement. DIP-induced blebbing was dependent on mDia2 but did not require the activities of either mDia1 or Arp2/3. Conclusions These observations point to a pivotal role for DIP in the control of nonbranched and branched actin-filament assembly that is mediated by Diaphanous-related formins and activators of Arp2/3, respectively. The ability of DIP to trigger blebbing also suggests a role for mDia2 in the assembly of cortical actin necessary for maintaining plasma-membrane integrity.
Logarithmic quantization scheme for reduced hardware cost and improved error floor in non-binary LDPC decoders

Non-binary low-density parity-check (NB-LDPC) codes exhibit excellent error correction performance at the cost of high computational complexity of the decoding algorithm. A logarithmic quantization scheme is proposed to reduce the VLSI implementation cost of the Min-Max decoding algorithm, by scaling down the complexity of the check node calculations that are the prime bottleneck in NB-LDPC decoding. The proposed scheme is also shown to be robust against certain types of errors, and thus enables excellent error correction capabilities even for aggressively reduced wordlengths, relative to traditional, uniform quantization schemes that exhibit either poor waterfall region performance or high error floors for a similar number of bits. The proposed scheme is directly applicable to existing architectures with few modifications and is shown to reduce the computational complexity by up to 40%, especially for large field orders.
High-dose cytosine arabinoside therapy in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia.

No. 654. PREISLER HD. The effects of exposure to cytosine arabinoside upon the proliferation of leukemic colony forming units in vitro. Med Ped Oncol 1982, Suppl. 1, 149-157. HOUSES M, DANIEL MT, DEGOS L. Small doses of AraC in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia: differentation of myeloid leukemic cells. BY / Haematol 1982, 51,
Female adolescent drinking behavior: potential hazards.

A recent national survey on the use of alcoholic beverages revealed that 93% of boys and 87% of girls in their senior year of high school had experimented with alcohol, and more than half of the country's seventh graders had tried drinking at least once during the previous year (1973). A review of the literature confirms this apparent increase in drinking by boys and girls. This article reports the increasing use of alcohol by girls and the associated risks. Some predisposing personal and behavioral characteristics are discussed, such as: the particular hazards of fetal syndrome; the significant impact of the physiological and psychological effects of menstruation and other related female phenomena; and the confusion in sex roles (resulting from the inability to freely combine masculine and feminine personality characteristics within onself in a women's liberation environment) accelerating "risk" possibilities in girls. Language: en
Alternative material in libraries

Quatorze essais qui font le point sur la conception et la diffusion des publications «alternatives» editees par des petites maisons, generalement oubliees des circuits commerciaux et pouvant apporter aux bibliotheques leurs points de vue particuliers sur les grands sujets traites
Genetics of Migraine Headache in Children

A family history of migraine is very frequently noted when evaluating a child for recurrent headaches. This implies an inherited or genetic basis as a component to the underlying pathophysiology. A variety of techniques have begun to elucidate this contribution, including historical observation, population-based studies including family and twin studies, gene polymorphism association studies, and specific gene identification for isolated migraine subtypes. This line of investigation should progress in the future to a better understanding of migraine and clarification of the diagnostic subtypes for a genotype-phenotype association.
Quantification of nearshore morphology based on video imaging

Abstract The Argus network is a series of video cameras with aerial views of beaches around the world. Intensity contrasts in time exposure images reveal areas of preferential breaking, which are closely tied to underlying bed morphology. This relationship was further investigated, including the effect of tidal elevation and wave height on the presence of wave breaking and its cross-shore position over sand bars. Computerized methods of objectively extracting shoreline and sand bar locations were developed, allowing the vast quantity of data generated by Argus to be more effectively examined. Once features were identified in the images, daily alongshore mean values were taken to create time series of shoreline and sand bar location, which were analyzed for annual cycles and cross-correlated with wave data to investigate environmental forcing and response. These data extraction techniques were applied to images from four of the Argus camera sites. A relationship between wave height and shoreline location was found in which increased wave heights resulted in more landward shoreline positions; given the short lag times over which this correlation was significant, and that the strong annual signal in wave height was not replicated in the shoreline time series, it is likely that this relationship is a result of set-up during periods of large waves. Wave height was also found to have an effect on sand bar location, whereby an increase in wave height resulted in offshore bar migration. This correlation was significant over much longer time lags than the relationship between wave height and shoreline location, and a strong annual signal was found in the location of almost all observed bars, indicating that the sand bars are migrating with changes in wave height. In the case of the site with multiple sand bars, the offshore bars responded more significantly to changes in wave height, whereas the innermost bar seemed to be shielded from incident wave energy by breaking over the other bars. A relationship was also found between a site's mean wave height and inner sand bar location; sites with the highest wave heights tended to have sand bars farther from shore than those with relatively low wave heights.
Multiport solid-state imager characterization at variable pixel rates

The imaging performance of an 8-port Full Frame Transfer Charge Coupled Device (FFT CCD) as a function of several parameters including pixel clock rate is presented. The device, model CCD-13, manufactured by English Electric Valve (EEV), is a 512 X 512 pixel array designed with four individual programmable bidirectional serial registers and eight output amplifiers permitting simultaneous readout of eight segments (128 horizontal X 256 vertical pixels) of the array. The imager was evaluated in Los Alamos National Laboratory's High-Speed Solid-State Imager Test Station at true pixel rates as high as 50 MHz for effective imager pixel rates approaching 400 MHz from multiporting. Key response characteristics measured include absolute responsivity, Charge-Transfer-Efficiency (CTE), dynamic range, resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and electronic and optical crosstalk among the eight video channels. Preliminary test results and data obtained from the CCD-13 are presented and the versatility/capabilities of the test station are reviewed.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
L 1 ergodic behavior of non-negative kernels

Some results that have been obtained in the study of strongly and weakly ergodic behavior of non-homogeneous stochastic kernels are generalized to the case of non-negative kernels. The first generalization simply involves extending the definitions of weakly and strongly ergiodic behavior to the case of non-negative kernels and using the ergodic coefficient which was first defined for stochastic kernels by Dobrushin and extended to non-negative kernels by Blum and Reichaw. It happens that this straightforward extension excludes many cases of non-negative kernels which do exhibit a types of ergodic behavior. In order to study these cases a definition ofL 1 weakly and strongly ergodic behavior is given in which normalizing by constants is allowed. Sufficient conditions for these types of ergodic behavior are given.
Complexity and Targeting in Federal Student Aid: A Quantitative Analysis

A growing body of empirical evidence shows that some financial aid programs increase college enrollment. Puzzlingly, there is little compelling evidence that Pell Grants and Stafford Loans, the primary federal student aid programs, are effective in achieving this goal. In this paper, we provide an in-depth review of this evidence, which taken as a whole suggests that complexity and uncertainty in the federal aid system undermine its efficacy. We document complexity in the aid system, comparing it in particular to complexity in the tax system. We build on our previous work by showing that complexity in the aid process does little to improve the targeting of both student loans and grants, for both dependent and independent students. We conclude that the current targeting of aid can be reproduced with a much simpler aid process. While we show that the targeting benefits of complexity are small, we further document that the costs are large. We offer new estimates of the compliance costs faced by applicants and the administrative costs borne by the government and colleges. These costs total at least $4 billion per year. The perspective of behavioral economics suggests that the true cost is even higher, since complexity and uncertainty may discourage the target population from applying for student aid.
Group B beta hemolytic streptococcal meningitis in infants

The medical records of 44 infants under three months of age, admitted to the hospital from January, 1965, to February, 1972, with a diagnosis of meningitis, were reviewed. Eleven of these infants had meningitis due to group B beta hemolytic streptococci (GB-BHS); each of them weighed more than 2,500 Gm. at birth. Females outnumbered males 9:2. The mortality rate was 18 per cent. Group B streptococci were the most common cause of meningitis due to gram-positive organisms during the first three months of life and ranked second only to E. coli as a cause of neonatal meningitis. None of the perinatal factors which predisposes to or which has been associated previously with neonatal meningitis was found to correlate specifically with GB-BHS meningitis. Jaundice, diarrhea, and other nonspecific signs of neonatal sepsis were rarely associated with GB-BHS disease. All GB-BHS isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, penicillin, and methicillin. The significant role of this organism in infected neonates underscores the need to elucidate the risk of neonatal infection with GB-BHS in infants born to women who are vaginal carriers of this organism.
Theory‐based Correlations and Their Role in Children's Concepts

Recent accounts of conceptual development have emphasized the important role intuitive theories play in concept formation; however, it is still not clear exactly how these theories exert their influence. We present evidence that elementary school age children use theories to link together specific features associated with individual concepts. The results of our first experiment indicate that theory-based correlations play a prominent role in typicality judgments and in decisions about category membership. In a second experiment, we demonstrate that children's theories play an important role in determining which attributes will be considered most central to the concept. The results of these studies suggest that feature correlations can serve to link children's concepts with their intuitive theories of the world.
New Directions in Bulk Thermoelectric Materials Research: Synthesis of Nanoscale Precursors for “Bulk-Composite” Thermoelectric Materials

Over a decade ago it was predicted that nano-scaled thermoelectric (TE) materials might have superior properties to that of their bulk counterparts. Subsequently, a significant increase in the figure of merit, ZT (ZT > 2), has been reported for nano-scaled systems such as superlattice and quantum dot systems constituently based on those more commonly used bulk TE materials (e.g., Bi2Te3 and PbTe). However, the challenge remains to achieve these higher performance results in bulk materials in order to more rapidly incorporate them into standard TE devices. Recent theoretical work on boundary scattering of phonons in amorphous materials indicates that micron and submicron grains could be very beneficial in order to lower the lattice thermal conductivity and yet not deteriorate the electron mobility. The focus in this paper will be to highlight some of our new directions in bulk thermoelectric materials research. Thermoelectric materials are inherently difficult to characterize and these difficulties are magnified at high temperatures. Specific materials will be discussed, especially those bulk materials that exhibit favorable properties for potential high temperature power generation capabilities. One potentially fruitful research direction is to explore whether hybrid TE materials possess possible enhanced TE properties. These “engineered” hybrids include materials that exhibit sizes from on the order of a few nanometers to hundreds of nanometers of the initial materials. These initial materials are then incorporated into a bulk structure. A discussion of some of the future research directions that we are pursuing is highlighted, including some bulk materials, which are based on nano-scaled or hybrid composites. The synthesis techniques and the synthesis results of many of these nano-scale precursor materials will be a primary focus of this paper.
Early capping of transcripts from the adenovirus major late transcription unit

The various events which result in modification of a primary RNA transcript may have a role in choosing transcripts which are to be processed into mRNA. If there is a stepwise and interdependent nature to each of the modifications then it is important to place the various steps in temporal order. We show here that the formation of a capped 5′ terminus seems to be a very early event for adenovirus type 2 (Ad-2) nuclear RNA that is initiated at the major late Ad-2 promoter1–5. There is an equally rapid entry of 3H-adenosine into the cap and the first dozen or so adenylate residues in the RNA chain. Taken together with evidence on general mRNA metabolism in Chinese hamster cells6, it seems unlikely that capping has any differential role in successful RNA processing but rather is an automatic event for all RNA polymerase II products.
Unsteady heat transfer between a fluid, with time varying temperature, and a plate: An exact solution

Abstract An analysis using Laplace transformations is made for the transient temperature distribution and surface heat flux when a plate which is convectively cooled from below has a fluid passing over it whose free stream temperature at the plate leading edge varies arbitrarily with time, and when the plate's thermal response is coupled to the fluid via the conjugation conditions at the interface. First the solution for a step function is found and then generalized to handle arbitrary fluid temperature variation with time. A simple to use approximate method is presented for the most general case. For comparison, quasi-steady results are also derived.
16 CHILD REARING ATTITUDES, OBSERVED BEHAVIOR, AND PERCEPTION OF INFANT TEMPERAMENT IN ADOLESCENT VERSUS OLDER MOTHERS

Adolescent motherhood is now common but little is known about its consequences. To study this, 139 primiparous women divided by age (≤ 15 yrs.; 16 - 17 yrs.; 18 - 19 yrs.;≥ 20 yrs.) were compared for: adaptivity of prenatal childrearing attitudes using Cohler's Maternal Attitude Scale; postnatal behavior with their infants by direct observation; perception of their infants' temperaments using Carey's Survey of Infant Characteristics. Older mothers had more adaptive attitudes on each of the five Cohler subscales. Significant differences were found in subscales for maternal attitude toward encouragement versus discouragement of reciprocity (p = .001), appropriate versus inappropriate closeness (p = .01), and acceptance versus denial of emotional complexity in child-care (p = .05). Postnatally, the amount of time mothers looked at and spoke to their children during interaction was measured at 1, 3, 6, 12 & 18 months; older mothers vocalized to their infants more at 3 (p = .02) and 6 months (p = .04). Carey's scale given at 1, 3, & 6 months revealed that older mothers viewed their children as having easier temperaments at 6 months (p = .04). These findings emphasize the need for educational and supportive services for adolescent mothers.
Intake Valve Cylinder Boundary Flow Characteristics in an Internal Combustion Engine

Abstract The distributions of mean velocity and flow area have been determined on the boundary between the intake valve and cylinder head. Steady flow measurements were made using hot wire anemometry in this initial study of the influence of induction system geometry on piston engine combustion via its effects on in-cylinder fluid mechanics. Data were obtainedfor three different induction systems known to produce significantly different combustionrates with the same combustion chamber. The distribution of flow variables at thevalve was found to differ markedly between the three induction systems investigated. The combustion rates with these induction systems correlated with the kinetic energy and angular momentum fluxes measured at the valve, as well as the isentropic flow velocity computed fromthe measured pressure drop.
Task Analysis, Handwriting, and Process-Based Instruction:

Te use of process-, or modality-based, instruction has been heavily criticized because of the often questionable reliability of process testing and an absence of demonstrable process-linked academic gains in groups of students with whom the approach has been employed. Its critics have advocated product, or subskill, teaching as the only acceptable approach. While we agree that product teaching should be the primary instructional strategy, we feel a need for alternative approaches as well because teachers, faced with pupil failure, must often ask themselves, dWhat do I do now?d One alternative is process-based teaching, to be used if product teaching does not work and if the child presents process deficits. To implement our view that product and process teaching are complementary and