cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chirality effect of mechanical and electronic properties of monolayer MoS2 with vacancies

We present first principles theory calculations about the chirality and vacancy effects of the mechanical and electronic properties of monolayer MoS2. In the uni-axial tensile tests, chirality effect of the mechanical properties is negligible at zero strain and becomes significant with the increasing strain, regardless of vacancies. The existence of vacancies decreases the Young's modulus and ultimate strength of the MoS2 structure. During the uni-axial tensile tests, the band gap decreases with the increasing strain, regardless of chirality and vacancies. The band gap is reduced with the intermediate state brought by the existence of vacancies. No chirality effect can be observed on the band gap variations of perfect MoS2. Chirality effect appears to the band gap variation of defected MoS2 due to the local lattice relaxation near the vacancies.
Metal-organic frameworks and porous polymer networks for carbon capture

Abstract The ability to rationally design materials for specific applications and synthesize materials to these exact specifications at the molecular level makes it possible to make a huge impact in carbon dioxide capture applications. Recently, advanced porous materials, in particular metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and porous polymer networks (PPNs) have shown tremendous potential for this and related applications because they have high adsorption selectivities and record breaking gas uptake capacities. By appending chemical functional groups to the surface of these materials it is possible to tune gas molecule specific interactions. The results presented herein are a summary of the fundamentals of synthesizing several MOF and PPN series through applying structure property relationships.
Improving dietetics education with interactive communication technology.

Abstract Changes occurring in health care, education, and technology are altering dietetics education. A model of learner-centered, cooperative, distance education based on interactive online technology is described for use in a dietetic internship. Evaluation of this model includes review of key-feature exams, results of computer attitudes surveys, use of the technology by interns, exit interviews, and performance on the examination for registered dietitians. In a pilot study of the model with 8 subjects, comfort using the Internet improved significantly. Use of interactive communication technology in dietetics education has the potential to improve competency, technological aptitude, professional partnering skills, and lifelong learning skills. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000;100:1191-1194 .
Management Development and Training Programmes in Japanese Firms

Focuses on the training practices of Japanese firms and explains, in part, some of the phenomenal successes of their global and domestic operations. Relevant information was gathered by a survey questionnaire from 110 Japanese managers working in Japan (in ten manufacturing and ten service companies). It appears that Japanese firms pay considerable attention to the training of managers. Training is used not only to improve function skills but also to prepare the managers for future assignments. In addition, training is viewed by the Japanese as a means to improve work and to improve retention of managers.
Transient Impedance of High-Voltage Impulse Generating Systems

The interaction between an impulse generating system and an impulse measuring system is dependent on the reflections that occur at the generator and divider ends of the measuring system lead. In this paper the impedances that cause these reflections are studied and discussed. The effects of the interactions are illustrated with sample oscillograms.
Mice with a Conditional Deletion of the Neurotrophin Receptor TrkB Are Dwarfed, and Are Similar to Mice with a MAPK14 Deletion

Long bone growth results from ordered chondrocyte development within the cartilagenous growth plate. Chondrocytes are recruited from a resting pool to proliferate along the long axis of the bone, until various signals trigger differentiation and hypertrophy. We have shown previously that the neurotrophin receptor TrkB is expressed in growth plate chondrocytes, where the tyrosine kinase receptor regulates the pace of hypertrophic differentiation by modulating the activities of ERK and p38 MAP kinases. To investigate the physiological relevance of TrkB to bone growth in vivo, we generated mice with a targeted disruption of the receptor, and compared them to mice targeted for MAPK14, the gene for p38α. The TrkB mutant and p38α mutant mice showed a similar degree of dwarfism and delayed hypertrophic differentiation. To extend these findings, we showed that both the TrkB and p38α mutant mice have altered expression of Runx2 and Sox9, two key transcription factors required for skeletogenesis. The data provides in vivo evidence for the role of TrkB in bone growth, supports the role of p38 downstream of TrkB, and suggests that Runx2 and Sox9 expression is regulated by this pathway at the growth plate.
Recycling of inorganic nutrients for hydroponic crop production following incineration of inedible biomass.

Abstract The goal of resource recovery in a regenerative life support system is maintenance of product quality to insure support of reliable and predictable levels of life support function performance by the crop plant component. Further, these systems must be maintained over extended periods of time, requiring maintenance of nutrient solutions to avoid toxicity and deficiencies. The focus of this study was to determine the suitability of the ash product following incineration of inedible biomass as a source of inorganic nutrients for hydroponic crop production. Inedible wheat biomass was incinerated and ash quality characterized. The incinerator ash was dissolved in adequate nitric acid to establish a consistent nitrogen concentration is all nutrient solution treatments. Four experimental nutrient treatments were included: control, ash only, ash supplemented to match the control treatment, and ash only quality formulated with reagent grade chemicals. When nutrient solutions were formulated using only ash following incineration of inedible biomass, a balance in solution is established representing elemental retention following incineration and nutrient proportions present in the original biomass. The resulting solution is not identical to the control. This imbalance resulted in a suppression of crop growth. When the ash is supplemented with reagent grade chemicals to establish the same balance as in the control-growth is identical to the control. The ash appears to carry no phytotoxic materials. Growth in solution formulated with reagent grade chemicals but matching the quality of the ash only treatment resulted in similar growth to that of the ash only treatment. The ash product resulting from incineration of inedible biomass appears to be a suitable form for recycle of inorganic nutrients to crop production.
Evaluation of a siliciclastic diamictite from the Maya Mountains of Belize

Abstract A diamictite unit 9.2 m thick and 1.5 × 1.0 km in aerial extent lies unconformably on siliciclastics of the Santa Rosa Group in the Maya Mountains of Belize. The diamictite has an irregular scour base with 1.5 m of erosional relief. Matrix accounts for 24–27% of the deposit and consists of coarse sand to clay-sized particles of lithics and mineral grains of various origins. Clasts are granule to boulder in size, sub-rounded, poorly sorted, matrix-supported, oriented randomly and lack grading. Clasts are composed exclusively of sandstone, siltstone and shale lithologies derived from the Santa Rosa. Trace element concentrations are relatively higher in the Santa Rosa sediments, but Cu and Zn are elevated in the diamictite. Some clasts exhibit alteration rinds related to post-depositional hydrothermal processes. The age of the diamictite is unknown, it overlies the latest Pennsylvanian to Middle Permian Santa Rosa Group, and has a present-day erosional top of the unit which prevents further age refinements. The diamictite is interpreted to be of sediment-gravity flow origin related to tectonic activity on the Northern Boundary fault. However, this study points to the potential for future re-evaluation of the deposit with refinement of the depositional models themselves. The diamictite deposit also allows for further interpretation of the broader geologic history of Northern Central America.
Investigating interventions for increasing colorectal cancer screening: Insights from a simulation model

Abstract We develop a discrete-event-continuous simulation model of colorectal cancer screening in North Carolina to examine the impact of six different interventions on the fraction of eligible patients receiving the clinically recommended screening. We find that demand side interventions alone are less effective than using only supply side interventions or a combination of both; the single most effective intervention is implementing a patient reminder system to reduce the number of no-show patients; and that all interventions studied are subject to significant diminishing returns.
Evaluation of cloudiness parameterizations using a cumulus ensemble model

Diagnostic cloudiness parameterizations in large-scale models are evaluated by using a two-dimensional numerical cumulus ensemble model. The model covers a large horizontal domain (512 km) but resolves individual clouds. This study explores the dependence of diagnostic relations (between cloud amount and a large-scale variable) on cloud regime, horizontal averaging distance, and cloud type for tropical convective cloud regimes. Large-scale variables, including relative humidity, cumulus mass flux, large-scale vertical velocity and surface precipitation rate, are examined. It is shown that the total cloud amount can be better estimated as the sum of separate estimates of stratiform and convective cloud amounts using different large-scale variables than by an estimate of the total cloud amount using any single large-scale variable. The stratiform cloud amount can best be estimated by using relative humidity. The convective cloud amount can be diagnosed by using cumulus mass flux. Neither set of diagnostic relations depends significantly on the stimulated cloud regime or horizontal averaging distance, but other diagnostic relations do show some such dependence. These results are interpreted and their implications for cloudiness parameterization are discussed.
Chain of Brain Preservation—A concept to facilitate early identification and initiation of hypothermia to infants at high risk for brain injury

Abstract Background Therapeutic hypothermia has been associated with improved outcomes in term infants particularly in those who present with moderate hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). However, in the three major studies the time to initiate cooling was at approximately 4.5 postnatal hours. Objective To determine in term infants who meet criteria for therapeutic hypothermia whether specific clinical and/or biochemical parameters might identify those high risk infants destined for abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome even sooner than is currently possible. Design/methods Retrospective chart review for the following parameters: gestational age, birth weight, sex, labor complications, mode of delivery, 10min Apgar≤3, cardio-pulmonary resuscitation in the delivery room, cord arterial pH and base deficit, initial postnatal pH and base deficit obtained within 1h, aEEG, Sarnat staging and seizures at enrollment. Abnormal outcome included death and neurodevelopmental deficits. Results At a single tertiary care center in a metropolitan area, 45 term infants with moderate to severe HIE were treated with selective head cooling initiated at a mean of 4.69±0.79h of life; 43/45 (96%) were outborn. Five (11%) infants died and of survivors 26 (58%) are normal and 14 (31%) infants are abnormal at follow-up ranging from 12 to 26 months. Infants with abnormal vs. normal outcome were of comparable gestational age, birth weight with no differences in any parameters between groups except that in infants with abnormal vs. normal outcome the postnatal pH obtained within the first postnatal hour was lower, i.e. 6.87±0.15 vs. 7.00±0.22 ( p =0.02) and abnormal infants were more likely to present with severe encephalopathy, i.e. 15/19 (79%) vs. 6/26 (23%) ( p =0.0002) and clinical seizures, i.e. 14/19 (74%) vs.10/26 (38%) ( p =0.03) on admission. Conclusions High risk infants who become candidates for therapeutic hypothermia and ultimately have an abnormal outcome may be identified by an additional early postnatal biochemical marker, i.e. the presence of profound metabolic acidosis. An earlier induction of hypothermia that currently occurs particularly in infants with severe encephalopathy may potentially improve outcome. Given that most infants are outborn, a time sensitive education metaphor termed Chain of Brain Preservation may facilitate early recognition of high risk infants and thus earlier treatment.
Personality and pain: back to the four humours?

Associations of personality and physiologic characteristics have been of interest for centuries and remain a topic of scientific pursuit. This editorial reviews the association of personality, pain response and autonomic function in the context of the accompanying article “Exploring the relationships for visceral and somatic pain with autonomic control and personality” by Paine, et al.
House to vote on EOS, Station on April 29

The House has scheduled the first vote of the year on funding for Space Station Freedom, the Earth Observing System (EOS), and other NASA funding, for April 29. While this is but the first in a series of votes on fiscal year 1992 NASA funding, it will serve as an important indicator of congressional sentiment on space programs. On April 8, the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee approved by voice vote H.R. 4364, the NASA Multiyear Authorization Act of 1992. This 3-year bill authorizes NASA to spend $15.3 billion in fiscal 1993. Of this amount, $14.3 billion is authorized for ongoing science and technology programs that are the core of NASA's space programs. Another $952.1 million would be made available for “special initiatives” that would compete for funding if the overall NASA appropriation is increased by the appropriations committees. NASA now receives $14.3 billion, an amount the appropriations committees have warned may not be increased for fiscal 1993.
Effect of Intra‐Population Variability on the Long‐Distance Transport of Bacteria

Recent experimental work has suggested that within a single bacterial strain there may exist two distinet subpopulations, each with its own sticking efficiency. We performed a sensitivity analysis using an advection-dispersion model to elucidate the effects of an influent suspension of bacteria composed of two subpopulations, each with distinet sticking efficiencies (dual-alpha population), on the removal and transport of bacteria over distances of tens of meters. In the simulations, we assumed idealized conditions (i.e., one-dimensional transport through physically and geochemically homogeneous porous media). Results demonstrate that in cases where a small fraction of the influent bacteria have surface characteristics favorable for transport, the prediction of field-scale transport based on laboratory-derived parameters from short column experiments will tend to overestimate substantially the amount of bacterial removal. Results demonstrate the importance of a priori knowledge of the presence of intra-population variability when predicting the field-scale transport of bacteria.
Does Civil-Liberties Climate in Organizations Correlate with Job Satisfaction and Work Alienation?:

The current study indicated that civil-liberties climate can be reliably measured. Civil-liberties climate correlated .36 with over-all job satisfaction and −.60 with work alienation for 144 studen...
Single Chain Quaternary Ammonium Salts Exhibiting Thermotropic Mesomorehism and Organization in Water

Abstract In this paper the synthesis and orientational characteristics of two novel quaternary ammonium salts i.e. of dimethyl dodecyl n-propyl ammonium bromide and dimethyl dodecyl 3-hydroxypropyl ammonium bromide are reported. These salts, in addition to their ability to form organizates in water, also exhibit broad and stable smectic liquid crystalline phases.
Low Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Knowledge Among Latino Parents in Utah

Latinas have the highest incidence of cervical cancer, yet Latino parents/guardians’ knowledge about and willingness to have their children receive the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is unknown. Latino parents/guardians (N = 67) of children aged 11–17 were recruited from two community organizations to complete a survey, including HPV vaccine knowledge, child’s uptake, demographic characteristics, and acculturation. Descriptive statistics and correlates of parents’ HPV knowledge and uptake were calculated using Chi square tests and multivariable logistic regression. Receipt of at least one dose of the HPV vaccine was moderate for daughters (49.1 %) and low for sons (23.4 %). Parents/guardians reported limited knowledge as the main barrier to vaccine receipt. Among parents/guardians with vaccinated daughters, 92.6 % did not know the vaccine requires three doses. Adjusting for income, low-acculturated parents were more likely than high-acculturated parents to report inadequate information (OR 8.59, 95 % CI 2.11–34.92). Interventions addressing low knowledge and children’s uptake of the HPV vaccine are needed among Latino parents/guardians.
Studying Early Nodulin Gene ENOD40 Expression and Induction by Nodulation Factor and Cytokinin in Transgenic Alfalfa

ENOD40, an early nodulin gene, is expressed following inoculation with Rhizobium meliloti or by adding R. meliloti-produced nodulation (Nod) factors or the plant hormone cytokinin to uninoculated roots. We isolated two MsENOD40 clones, designated MsENOD40-1 and MsENOD40-2, with distinct promoters from an alfalfa (Medicago sativa cv Chief) genomic library. The promoters were fused to the reporter gene uidA (gus), and the constructs were introduced into alfalfa. We observed that the MsENOD40-1 construct was expressed almost exclusively under symbiotic conditions. The MsENOD40-2 construct was transcribed under both symbiotic and nonsymbiotic conditions and in nonnodular and nodular tissues. Both MsENOD40 promoter-gus constructs were similarly expressed as nodules developed, and both were expressed in roots treated with 6-benzylaminopurine or purified Nod factor. However, no blue color was detected in nodule-like structures induced by the auxin transport inhibitor N-1-(naphthyl)phthalamic acid on roots of plants containing the MsENOD40-1 promoter construct, whereas pseudonodules from plants containing the MsENOD40-2 promoter construct stained blue. A 616-bp region at the distal 5' end of the promoter is important for proper spatial expression of MsENOD40 in nodules and also for Nod-factor and cytokinin-induced expression.
Ciliary structures in the branchial unicellular glands of the grass shrimp,Palaemonetes pugio

A unicellular exocrine gland possessing an epicuticular ductule occurs in grass shrimp gills. This gland displays ultrastructural changes in relation to the molt cycle. These changes include an increase in the quantity of secretory granules during late premolt, and the development of ciliary axonemes in relation to ductule formation.
Utilities and the Issue of Fairness in a Decision Theoretic Model for Selection.

Selection procedures in education and employment have come under increasing scrutiny in the last decade due to the rising concern for civil rights and equal opportunity. Such scrutiny has come primarily from minority racial-ethnic groups and from women concerned that traditional selection processes discriminate against them. Minority groups have challenged employee selection practices through the courts (e.g., the notable Griggs v. Duke Power) and in several instances current hiring procedures have been ruled illegal. While many such cases continue in litigation, a more recent trend is the charge by white males that affirmative action and compensatory efforts for disadvantaged groups create reverse discrimination by hindering their own fair opportunity for education and employment. A notable example of such a charge was DeFunis v. State of Washington. The Supreme Court ruled the DeFunis issue moot leaving the question of reverse discrimination (like that of discrimination against minorities and women) largely unresolved. The political and legal unresolve about what fairness is, and to whom concern should be directed, has paralleled considerable unresolve about the same issues when debated on technical rather than policy grounds. From the technical standpoint, the traditional statistically-prescribed selection procedure has called for the use of quantified assessments such as test scores in regression equations, as predictors of some performance or criterion variable. Selection is then based on the predicted criterion. Until recently, such a procedure was accepted without question as fair and appropriate. In the past few years, however, questions about this widely accepted regression approach have been raised (Cole, 1973; Darlington, 1971; Einhorn & Bass, 1971; Thorndike, 1971). The questions focus on what it means to be fair and whose concerns for fairness deserve greatest weight. Different authors have proposed different definitions of fairness, and have produced objective statistical selection techniques to satisfy their own definitions. The result of the statistical debate of the past five years is a growing recognition that the issues of fair selection are not primarily technical ones but are matters of value judgments about the proper definition of fairness. We do not see much profit in seeking a single universally-accepted definition of fairness. There is, however, a candidate for such a definition in the concept of giving equal treatment to equal individuals and reserving preferred treatment for those in-
Insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor-II induce c-fos in mouse osteoblastic cells.

We investigated the expression of c-fos in mouse osteoblast-like cultures treated with insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-II. The IGFs are present in bone, are produced by osteoblast-like cells in culture, and stimulate osteoblast cell proliferation. Quiescent, subconfluent cultures of the clonal osteoblast-like mouse calvarial cell line, MC3T3-E1, were treated with 10 ng/ml of IGF-I or IGF-II. RNA was extracted at 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes, and c-fos messenger RNA (mRNA) was analyzed on Northern blots. Both IGFs transiently increased c-fos mRNA levels 25–28 fold at 15–30 min. To determine if c-fos induction was unique to the MC3T3-E1 cell line, effects of IGF-1 and IGF-II (3 ng/ml) were also tested in quiescent, serum-free primary mouse calvarial cells. Levels of c-fos mRNA were increased at 15 and 30 minutes (40-fold with IGF-I and 5-fold with IGF-II). These results indicate that IGF-I and IGF-II caused a rapid and transient induction of c-fos mRNA in murine osteoblasts.
Progress toward nanoscale silicon light emitters

Impressive advances have been made over the last few years in teaching silicon how to emit light. Recently, light-emitting devices (LEDs) made of porous silicon and other forms of nanoscale silicon have been demonstrated with specifications that start to make them attractive for commercial applications. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in the materials science and device properties of nanoscale silicon-based LED's, including their integration with microelectronic circuits. Porous silicon and other forms of nanoscale silicon contain crystallites smaller than 10 nm. Their intrinsic optical properties are dominated by quantum confinement, which produces an opening of the bandgap and an increase of the luminescence energy with decreasing nanocrystal sizes. The mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of porous silicon are strongly degraded compared to those of bulk crystalline silicon. In addition, special techniques should be used to maintain a good passivation of the internal surface and the mechanical integrity of porous silicon. As a result, the design and optimization of LEDs made of nanoscale silicon is difficult. The stability, efficiency, response time, and spectral characteristics of porous silicon LEDs are discussed. The progress toward the integration of porous silicon LEDs with microelectronic circuits is reviewed and a simple alphanumeric display is shown.
Differential synthesis of ribulosediphosphate carboxylase subunits

Abstract Chloramphenicol specifically inhibited the synthesis of the large subunit of ribulosediphosphate carboxylase. Cycloheximide exerted a primary effect upon synthesis of the smaller subunit and influenced production of the larger subunit by rapidly inhibiting total protein synthesis.
A Further Experimental Test of Fowler's Theory of Photoelectric Emission

Fowler's theory of photoelectric emission is discussed from the viewpoint of the experimental physicist and several significant consequences of the theory in analyzing experimental data pointed out. A new graphical method of testing the theory is suggested. This method makes it possible to determine the "true" photoelectric threshold of a surface from photocurrent-temperature curves taken at a single incident frequency, eliminating the necessity of measuring relative intensities of spectral lines. The method is applied to new experimental data on palladium and to Morris' data on gold and found to be completely successful, thus furnishing additional verification of Fowler's theory.
Fibrillary glomerulopathy in a 10-year-old female.

A 10-year-old African-American female was evaluated for asymptomatic proteinuria. Initial investigation did not reveal the etiology of her renal disease. She subsequently underwent a percutaneous renal biopsy, which was consistent with fibrillary glomerulopathy. This condition is rare in children and is identified histologically by a solid, randomly arranged, amyloid-like fibrillar structure with a diameter of about 18–22 nm. It is a diagnosis of exclusion, the clinical presentation of which can be quite varied. Children usually present with nephrotic syndrome. There is no effective therapy for this condition. Therapy with steroids, cytotoxic agents, and plasmapheresis does not confer any real benefit in stabilizing or improving renal function. However, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors can decrease the proteinuria. End-stage renal disease is known to occur in 50% of patients within 4 years of diagnosis. The nephrotic-range proteinuria in our patient significantly decreased during a 4-year follow-up without any therapy, while maintaining normal renal function.
Paradoxical response to amphetamine in developing rats treated with 6-hydroxydopamine

THE clinical syndrome of minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) in children is characterised by hyperactive motor behaviour, decreased attention span, impulsiveness and a variety of cognitive and perceptual problems. A striking feature of the disorder is the unusual response to stimulant medication. Thus, administration of amphetamine to children with MBD results in a sharp decrease in motor activity. Since the usual pharmacological response to amphetamine is an increase in motor activity, this response has been termed “paradoxical”1. We have described an experimental model in the developing rat that is strikingly similar to the clinical syndrome of MBD found in children2. Rat pups treated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) at 5 d of age develop increased motor activity and demonstrate cognitive difficulties in shuttle-box learning between 2 and 4 weeks of age. We now report that administration of (+)-amphetamine reduces the hyperactivity in 6-OHDA-treated rat pups, an effect paralleling the paradoxical response to this agent in children with MBD. The similarity of many of the cardinal features of MBD in an experimental model produced by depletion of brain dopamine in developing rats supports the belief that brain monoamines may be involved in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
Speculations on the petroleum geology of the accretionary body: an example from the central Aleutians

Abstract In the 300 km wide Adak-Amlia sector of the central Aleutian Trench ≈ 36 000 km 3 of offscraped trench fill makes up the wedge-shaped mass of the Aleutian accretionary body. Within this wedge, seismic reflection profiles reveal an abundance of potential hydrocarbon-trapping structures. These structures include antiforms, thrust and normal faults, and stratigraphic pinchouts. Maximum closure on these features is 2 km. In addition, the silt and possibly sand size sediment within the offscraped turbidite deposits, and the porous diatomaceous pelagic deposits interbedded with and at the base of the wedge, may define suitable reservoirs for the entrapment of hydrocarbons. Potential seals for these reservoirs include diagenetically-altered and -produced siliceous and carbonate sediment. The organic carbon input into the central Aleutian Trench, based on carbon analyses of DSDP Legs 18 and 19 core samples, suggests that the average organic carbon content within the accretionary body is approximately 0.3–0.6%. Heat flow across the Aleutian Terrace indicates that at present the oil generation window lies at a depth of 3–6.5 km. At depths of 8 km (which corresponds to the maximum depth the offscraped sediment has been seismically resolved beneath the lower trench slope), the probable high (170–180°C) temperatures prohibit all but gas generation. The dewatering of trench sediment and subducted oceanic crust should produce an abundance of fluids circulating within the accretionary body. These fluids and gases can conduct hydrocarbons to any of the abundant trapping geometries or be lost from the system through sea floor seepage. In the Aleutian accretionary body all the conditions necessary for the formation of oil and gas deposits exist. The size and ultimate preservation of these deposits, however, are dependent on the deformational history of the prism both during accretion and after the accretion process has been superceded by subsequent tectonic regimes.
Dietary alterations and restrictions following surgery for upper gastrointestinal cancers: Key components of a health-related quality of life intervention.

Abstract Purpose The surgical treatment of upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, specifically esophageal and gastric cancers, often result in extensive health-related quality of life (HRQOL) concerns, particularly those associated with dietary adjustments. This paper provides a review of HRQOL changes following esophagectomy and gastrectomy, and describes key components of an intervention to improve dietary adjustments following surgery. Methods Intervention development was informed by 1) current published evidence on HRQOL changes for patients following upper GI surgery, 2) examination of usual post-operative care related to dietary restrictions to identify areas for continued education and support and 3) the inclusion of a conceptual framework (the Chronic Care Model) to guide intervention design and inform the selection of appropriate outcome measures. Results Three key components of an HRQOL intervention are identified, and should focus on HRQOL concerns associated with dietary alterations and restrictions following treatment, involve family caregivers, and be tailored and flexible to patient and family caregiver's needs and preferences. Conclusions Evidence-based interventions to support long-term dietary alterations and restrictions following upper GI surgery are lacking, despite evidence confirming its impact on morbidity and mortality. Interventions are needed to support dietary adjustments, prevent malnutrition and excessive weight loss, and enhance HRQOL following surgery for upper GI cancers.
An analytical solution for one-dimensional advective–dispersive solute equation in multilayered finite porous media

A general analytical solution for the one-dimensional advective–dispersive–reactive solute transport equation in multilayered porous media is presented. The model allows an arbitrary number of layers, parameter values, and initial concentration distributions. The separation of variables technique was employed to derive the analytical solution. Hyperbolic eigenfunctions, as well as traditional trigonometric eigenfunctions, were found to contribute an important part to the series solution and were not included in some existing solutions. The closed-form analytical solution was verified against a numerical solution from a finite difference-based approach and an existing solution derived from general integral transform technique (GITT). The solution has several important advantages over the GITT technique and other existing solutions. The limitations of existing solutions and the ability of the current solution to address those limitations are identified. Among other applications, the current analytical solution will be useful for modeling the transport of contaminants in sediments and, particularly for the design of layered caps as a remedial approach. The analytical solution also has significant advantages over numerical solutions for sensitivity analyses and the solution of inverse problems.
Measuring changes in aerodynamic/rolling resistances by cycle-mounted power meters.

LIM, A. C., E. P. HOMESTEAD, A. G. EDWARDS, T. C. CARVER, R. KRAM, and W. C. BYRNES. Measuring Changes in Aerodynamic/Rolling Resistances by Cycle-Mounted Power Meters. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 43, No. 5, pp. 853–860, 2011. Purpose: To develop a protocol for isolating changes in aerodynamic and rolling resistances from field-based measures of power and velocity during level bicycling. Methods: We assessed the effect of body position (hands on brake hoods vs drops) and tire pressure changes (414 vs 828 kPa) on aerodynamic and rolling resistances by measuring the power (Pext)-versus-speed (V ) relationship using commercially available bicycle-mounted power meters. Measurements were obtained using standard road bicycles in calm wind (G1.0 mIs j1 ) conditions at constant velocities (acceleration G0.5 mIs j2 ) on a flat 200-m section of a smooth asphalt road. For each experimental condition, experienced road cyclists rode in 50-W increments from 100 to 300 W for women (n = 2) or 100 to 400 W for men (n = 6). Aerodynamic resistance per velocity squared (k) was calculated as the slope of a linear plot of tractive resistance (RT = power/velocity) versus velocity squared. Rolling resistance (Rr) was calculated as the intercept of this relationship. Results: Aerodynamic resistance per velocity squared (k) was significantly greater (P G 0.05) while riding on the brake hoods compared with the drops (mean T SD: 0.175 T 0.025 vs 0.155 T 0.03 NIV j2 ). Rolling resistance was significantly greater at 60 psi compared with 120 psi (5.575 T 0.695 vs 4.215 T 0.815 N). Conclusions: These results demonstrate that commercially available power meters are sensitive enough to independently detect the changes in aerodynamic and rolling resistances associated with modest changes
Token economy control of fluid overload in a patient receiving hemodialysis

Abstract Treatment is described of fluid overload in a renal patient undergoing hemodialysis. Improved mood, decreases in weight gain and blood pressure were accomplished through a token economy utilizing water as a reinforcer. Significance of primary reinforcers and self- control techniques with dialysis patients is briefly discussed.
Enhanced group III mGluR-mediated inhibition of pain-related synaptic plasticity in the amygdala.

Background: The latero-capsular part of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeLC) is the target of the spino-parabrachio-amygdaloid pain pathway. Our previous studies showed that CeLC neurons develop synaptic plasticity and increased neuronal excitability in the kaolin/carrageenan model of arthritic pain. These pain-related changes involve presynaptic group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and postsynaptic NMDA and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP1) receptors. Here we address the role of group II mGluRs. Results: Whole-cell current- and voltage-clamp recordings were made from CeLC neurons in brain slices from control rats and arthritic rats (>6 h postinjection of kaolin/carrageenan into the knee). Monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were evoked by electrical stimulation of afferents from the pontine parabrachial (PB) area. A selective group II mGluR agonist (LY354740) decreased the amplitude of EPSCs more potently in CeLC neurons from arthritic rats (IC50 = 0.59 nM) than in control animals (IC50 = 15.0 nM). The inhibitory effect of LY354740 was reversed by a group II mGluR antagonist (EGLU) but not a GABA A receptor antagonist (bicuculline). LY354740 decreased frequency, but not amplitude, of miniature EPSCs in the presence of TTX. No significant changes of neuronal excitability measures (membrane slope conductance and action potential firing rate) were detected. Conclusion: Our data suggest that group II mGluRs act presynaptically to modulate synaptic plasticity in the amygdala in a model of arthritic pain.
Respite care for children with special health care needs.

Objectives To describe (1) the subpopulation of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) in need of respite care and (2) the factors associated with unmet respite care needs. Design Cross-sectional study using the 2001 National Survey of Children With Special Health Care Needs. Setting The United States. Participants Caregivers of CSHCN. Main Outcome Measures We determined the association of sociodemographic factors and health status of CSHCN with need for respite care and unmet needs for respite care. Results Of the 38 831 respondents, 3178 (8.8%) reported need for respite care in the prior 12 months. The CSHCN who were young and uninsured/had insurance gaps or had public insurance and those with functional limitations and unstable health conditions were more likely to need respite care. Twenty-four percent of CSHCN who needed respite care did not receive such services. In multivariate analysis, higher maternal education (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.6 for more than high school education compared with high school education or less), some and severe functional limitations (AORs, 2.5 and 5.6, respectively, compared with no limitation), and unstable health condition (AOR, 2.3 compared with stable condition) were associated with greater unmet respite care needs. The CSHCN with public insurance were half as likely and CSHCN with private insurance were as likely to report unmet respite care needs as those who were uninsured/with insurance gaps. Conclusions Respite care needs of CSHCN are frequently unmet. Furthermore, strategies are needed to improve access to respite care for families of CSHCN.
Valproic acid blood genomic expression patterns in children with epilepsy - a pilot study.

Objective – Valproic acid (VPA) is a commonly used anticonvulsant with multiple systemic effects. The purpose of this pilot study is to examine the blood genomic expression pattern associated with VPA therapy in general and secondly VPA efficacy in children with epilepsy. Materials and methods – Using oligonucleotide microarrays, gene expression in whole blood was assessed in pediatric epilepsy patients following treatment with VPA compared with children with epilepsy prior to initiation of anticonvulsant therapy (drug free patients). Results – The expression of 461 genes was altered in VPA patients (n = 11) compared with drug free patients (n = 7), among which a significant number of serine threonine kinases were down-regulated. Expression patterns in children seizure free on VPA therapy (n = 8) demonstrated 434 up-regulated genes, many in mitochondria, compared with VPA children with continuing seizures (n = 3) and drug free seizure patients (n = 7). Conclusion – VPA therapy is associated with two significant and unique blood gene expression patterns: chronic VPA monotherapy in general and a separate blood genomic profile correlated with seizure freedom. These expression patterns provide new insight into previously undetected mechanisms of VPA anticonvulsant activity.
On the evolution of the system of wind drift currents and Langmuir circulations in the ocean. Part 1. Theory and averaged current

A theory for the evolution of the wind drift current and of the Langmuir circulations in infinitely deep water of constant density is presented. The model improves and extends a recent quasi-steady theory of Craik & Leibovich which asserts that the Langmuir circulations arise from a nonlinear interaction between surface waves and the frictional wind drift current. In turn, the development of the wind drift should be strongly influenced by Langmuir circulations, when they are present, and the two current systems are therefore treated here as a single inseparable system driven by a prescribed wind stress and surface wave field. Mixing by the vertical motions in the Langmuir circulations is shown to yield solutions for the wind drift, obtained both analytically and numerically, which are consistent with experiments and with field observations. The model yields a streaky flow pattern with a mean motion much like a turbulent wall layer, although the model is deterministic. In particular, it is found that a ‘viscous sublayer’ joins surface water to a logarithmic ‘inertial subIayer ’ below. The scaling rules that emerge from the theory allow the surface speed of the wind drift to reach nearly full development in a matter of minutes.
Optimal noise matching of 0.25 micron gate GaAs MESFETs for low power personal communications receiver circuit designs

0.25 /spl mu/m GaAs MESFETs are shown to be excellent device candidates for low current, low noise receiver circuits in personal communicators. The measured low current performance of ion-implanted 0.25 /spl mu/m gate FETs is reported for device gate widths of 100 /spl mu/m and 200 /spl mu/m and device bias conditions 0.5 V >
Realization of Linear Wave-Propagation Models from HPC Simulations

Modeling of sound propagation in complex environments requires high performance computing (HPC) to simulate three-dimensional wave fields with realistic fidelity. This is especially true for urban areas, where sound waves reflect and diffract due to the built-up infrastructure. HPC can predict these wave fields with desired fidelity, but the computational investment would have greater return if reduced-size models that operate with considerably less computational resources could be produced from the results. The objective of this work is to develop such models. The work applies a modified version of the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm, using Markov parameters from HPC input-output response functions, to generate state-space models that simulate hundreds of thousands of output signals of the HPC wave field. The results include predicted acoustic signals and signatures from realized models, using a source with a different time series than the source used to generate the Markov parameters. We compare wave-field signals from reduced-order models with HPC model signals over a large urban domain, adjusting the model order and accuracy by singular-value cutoff. We conclude that the method produces efficient high-fidelity models of sound propagation in complex environments.
Disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection in a dog.

lSince that time Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis have been the most frequently reported species associated with canine mycobacteriosis. Dogs are considered equally susceptible to M. tuberculosis and M. bovis but have a higher incidence of infection with M. tuberculosis. 1-7,9 Both organisms have been associated with pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and disseminated disease. 4 Mycobacterium avium infection has been described in many mammalian species including dogs, cats, primates, swine, cattle, sheep, and horses. 2,8 It is considered rare in
Ten years of marine CSEM for hydrocarbon exploration

Marine controlled-source electromagnetic CSEM surveying has been in commercial use for predrill reservoir appraisalandhydrocarbonexplorationfor10 years.Althougha recent decrease has occurred in the number of surveys and publications associated with this technique, the method has become firmly established as an important geophysical tool intheoffshoreenvironment.Thisisaconsequenceoftwoimportant aspects associated with the physics of the method: First, it is sensitive to high electrical resistivity, which, although not an unambiguous indicator of hydrocarbons, is an important property of economically viable reservoirs. Second, although the method lacks the resolution of seismic wave propagation, it has a much better intrinsic resolution than potential-field methods such as gravity and magnetic surveying, which until now have been the primary nonseismicdatasetsusedinoffshoreexploration.Althoughbymany measures marine CSEM is still in its infancy, the reliability and noise floors of the instrument systems have improved significantly over the last decade, and interpretation methodology has progressed from simple anomaly detection to 3D anisotropic inversion of multicomponent data using some of theworld’sfastestsupercomputers.Researchdirectionspresently include tackling the airwave problem in shallow water by applying time-domain methodology, continuous profiling tools, and the use of CSEM for reservoir monitoring during production.
Effects of Expansions on a Supersonic Boundary Layer: Surface Pressure Measurements

Multipoint wall pressure measurements are used to investigate the response of a Mach 3, fully developed, compressible, turbulent boundary layer (ReQ - 25,000) to centered and gradual (/?/8 - 50) expansions, both of 7- and 14-deg deflection. Although rms fluctuation levels decrease across the expansions, the rms normalized by the local static pressure remains nominally constant. Just downstream of the expansions, normalized power spectra are more concentrated at low frequencies (/< 10-15 kHz) than upstream, suggesting small-scale turbulence is quenched. This spectra alteration is more prominent for centered expansions and larger deflections. The spectra evolve very quickly after the centered expansions and very slowly after the gradual expansions. Downstream of the expansions, space-time correlations do not lend themselves to the derivation of convection velocities, signifying a severe distortion of the boundary layers. Measurements immediately after the gradual expansions compare well with those further downstream of the centered expansions of the same deflection, suggesting the distance from the beginning of the expansions is the appropriate length scale for characterizing the boundary-layer evolution. After the expansions, a band of elevated spanwise coherence (around 15-30 kHz) and elevated spanwise correlation levels emerge. Increases in streamwise coherence and correlation are less pronounced. At the last measurement stations, the boundary layers remain far from equilibrium.
Governing Public Sector Interorganizational Network Infrastructures-The Importance of Formal and Legal Arrangements

Government agencies increasingly enter into interorganizational alliances to accomplish common goals. Alliances to create and maintain shared IT infrastructures for communication, coordination, and collaboration among agencies are an especially important phenomenon. This article examines three perspectives on the governance of interorganizational alliances (interpersonal interactions, financial ownership, and legal forms) and evaluates their applicability to interorganizational network infrastructures on the basis of theoretical arguments and the analysis of a single case study. Even combined, the three perspectives do not address the full range of issues involved in the case, because they do not pay sufficient attention to the varied formal and legal arrangements by which interorganizational network infrastructures are governed. The conclusion is that the conceptualization of governance for interorganizational network infrastructures remains problematic and that future theoretical development as well as empirical research is needed to resolve the open questions.