cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wet and wounded: Pediatric facial trauma from swimming and diving.

Abstract Objectives Swimming has been reported as the most common recreational activity among American youths, while diving remains a popular youth activity as well. We characterize the most common facial injuries occurring during these activities and evaluate facial fracture mechanisms and demographic trends, as this information may be helpful in preventative counseling as well as diagnosis. Methods The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was assessed for swimming- and diving-related facial injuries in children from 2007 to 2016. Estimates of national injury incidence were recorded, and patient diagnoses, demographics, and injury mechanisms were evaluated. Results In the 10-year period assessed, 789 NEISS entries extrapolated to an estimated 27,709 patients nationwide were analyzed. The yearly incidence fluctuated but steadily rose from 2013 to 2016. Males comprised a majority of injuries (58%), and laceration was the most common diagnosis (65%), followed by abrasion/contusion (22%) and fracture (9%). Facial fractures were most likely to involve the nasal bones (87%). Swimming injuries were more numerous overall (74%), but a greater proportion of diving injuries resulted in fracture (12% vs. 7%). Teenagers were also more likely to suffer fractures than were younger children involved in the same activities. Conclusion Most analyses of swimming and diving injuries have focused on spinal and orthopedic trauma. Nevertheless, the nature of headfirst diving and swim strokes suggest facial trauma is an underappreciated concern for clinicians. These findings reinforce the need for safer swimming and diving practices and serve as a useful resource for physicians managing pediatric facial injuries.
Recent advances in processing of Ag-clad Bi-2223 superconductors

Enhancements in the transport current properties of long lengths of multifilament Ag-sheathed (Bi,Pb){sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub y} (Bi-2223) superconducting tapes were made as a function of increased packing density of precursor powder, improved mechanical deformation, and adjusted cooling rate. Improved processing parameters had a pronounced effect on the transport critical current (I{sub c}) of the superconducting tapes, at 77 K and zero applied magnetic field, an I{sub c} of 60 A was obtained in short length samples (4 cm), an I{sub c} of 54 A in a 164 m length, and 18 A in a 1,260 m length. These enhancements were based on the increase in packing density accompanied with improved mechanical deformation and cooling schedule. Maximum critical current values were two to three times higher in slow-cooled tapes than in fast-cooled tapes.
Boolean Semantics: An Overview

Much of this work uses the notation and concepts of boolean algebra. Neither the notation nor the concepts are particularly difficult to learn, nor does this work presuppose any basic familiarity with them. Nonetheless a sudden immersion might prove chilling to some, so we are presenting here a rather lengthy introduction designed to explain what we think is most novel about our work and what the motivations were which led up to it.
Oscillations and Concentrations in Solutions to the Equations of Mechanics

Publisher Summary This chapter analyzes the static structure and dynamic behavior of oscillations and concentrations in compressible and incompressible media. The focus is on two classes of problems. In the first, the system is fixed and the data sequence contains oscillations. It is concerned with the sequential analysis of solutions corresponding to sequences of initial data (X) which contain oscillations and concentrations. The parameter ɛ may stand for any of a variety of quantities, such as a ratio of length scales or an error tolerance in the data. The second class of problems deals with systems of equations which change with ɛ while the initial data is held fixed. In this situation ɛ typically represents a diffusion or dispersion parameter in the form of a small coefficient multiplying a higher order term. The chapter highlights mainly the analysis of solutions to the initial value problem for singularly perturbed hyperbolic systems of conservation laws in one space dimension and with the Navier-Stokes equations in two space dimensions.
The Diachronic Predictions of Implicational Universals

This chapter discusses the diachronic predictions made by implicational universals for language change and their potential role in explaining why word orders change. It presents the predictions made by implicational universals for the timing of changes relative to one another in a language's history. The chapter presents the formulation of some finer diachronic predictions—the Doubling Acquisition Hypothesis and the Frequency Increase Hypothesis and uses detailed data taken from Indo-European (primarily Germanic) to test diachronic predictions The two complementary issues need to be addressed when attempting to explain word order change are: (1) the set of possible word order co-occurrence types within which change can operate and (2) why a language should change from one of these types to another over time.
Beendigung der Behandlung

Der Patient beginnt sich uber die Beendigung der Behandlung ernsthaftere Gedanken zu machen, sobald das Erreichen der Behandlungsziele in Sicht ist. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt verliert die Fortfuhrung der Behandlung an Dringlichkeit. Dennoch stellen sich Therapeut und Patient auf das in Aussicht genommene Behandlungsende ein, wie es sonst ja auch 2 Menschen tun, die fur einander wichtig geworden sind und nun auseinandergehen mussen. Dieses Kapitel ist nach 5 grundlegenden Gesichtspunkten strukturiert, wie Patient und Therapeut die Trennung gemeinsam vorbereiten sollen. Zu jedem dieser Gesichtspunkte werden dem Therapeuten einige Empfehlungen an die Hand gegeben, die in erster Linie darauf abzielen, die mit der Trennung verbundene Belastung so klein wie irgend moglich zu halten und sicherzustellen, das die Behandlungserfolge mit groster Wahrscheinlichkeit auch uber das Behandlungsende hinaus bestehen bleiben.
China and the Telecommunications Revolution in Africa: The Politics of Infrastructure Development for Resources and Markets

Over the last 15 years, the African continent has undergone a telecommunications revolution, with hundreds of millions of Africans newly connected to each other and the rest of the world. How is this connected to China's rising engagement with the continent? What are the political economic implications? This paper contends that Chinese and African government motives, domestic contexts, and distinct methods, including principle of non-interference, diplomatic and financial backing, and contractual business guarantees, characterize Chinese participation in the development of African infrastructure for both resources and markets. The study shows that two dominant modes of engagement between China and Africa have emerged to wire Africa for the 21st century: infrastructure-for-resources and infrastructure-for-markets bargains. The effects are three-fold. First, these distinct modes of engagement shape the timing and pace of telecommunications growth. Second, political leaders have used China-Africa infrastructure bargains to their political advantage, which are not always beneficial to the public at large. Finally, the role China plays to supply equipment and build infrastructure contributes to the globalization of Chinese state-backed companies, state-owned and privately owned alike. These arguments are substantiated by a comparative case research design, which focuses analysis on the role of Chinese-African engagement in telecommunications between 2000 and 2015 in Angola and Nigeria, two African oil-producing countries that differ in political and economic aspects.
A Reflex Protocol for Creatinine Testing Reduces Costs and Maintains Patient Safety.

Background The Jaffe and enzymatic methods are the 2 most common methods for creatinine measurement. The Jaffe method is less expensive but subject to interferences. Some laboratory scientists have called for the Jaffe method to be retired. Objective To determine the most cost-effective and safe protocol for creatinine measurement. Method We performed a retrospective database review of all outpatient creatinine measurements for 1 year, testing the risk-based reflex testing protocol we had implemented for creatinine measurement. Samples were first measured using the Jaffe method and were reflexed to the enzymatic method if the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was between 55 and 65 mL per min per 1.73 m2. Results There were 104,530 creatinine measurements, of which 11,420 (10.9%) were reflexed to the enzymatic method. The Jaffe method had a positive bias of 0.08 mg per dL (-6.14 mL/min/1.73 m2 eGFR). A total of 3.4% of the paired reflexed specimens were discordant. Also, 133 (1.2%) of the Jaffe results were classified as false negatives and 3411 (29.9%) were classified as false positives. None of the false-negative results and 5 of the false-positive results were considered clinically significant. Using the reflex protocol saved approximately $40,000 per year. Conclusions The reflex protocol for creatinine measurement can reduce costs with acceptable risk.
An assessment of atypical mesh topologies for low-Mach large-eddy simulation

Abstract An implicit, low-dissipation, low-Mach, variable density control volume finite element formulation is used to explore foundational understanding of numerical accuracy for large-eddy simulation applications on hybrid meshes. Detailed simulation comparisons are made between low-order hexahedral, tetrahedral, pyramid, and wedge/prism topologies against a third-order, unstructured hexahedral topology. Using smooth analytical and manufactured low-Mach solutions, design-order convergence is established for the hexahedral, tetrahedral, pyramid, and wedge element topologies using a new open boundary condition based on energy-stable methodologies previously deployed within a finite-difference context. A wide range of simulations demonstrate that low-order hexahedral- and wedge-based element topologies behave nearly identically in both computed numerical errors and overall simulation timings. Moreover, low-order tetrahedral and pyramid element topologies also display nearly the same numerical characteristics. Although the superiority of the hexahedral-based topology is clearly demonstrated for trivial laminar, principally-aligned flows, e.g., a 1x2x10 channel flow with specified pressure drop, this advantage is reduced for non-aligned, turbulent flows including the Taylor–Green Vortex, turbulent plane channel flow (Reτ395), and buoyant flow past a heated cylinder. With the order of accuracy demonstrated for both homogenous and hybrid meshes, it is shown that solution verification for the selected complex flows can be established for all topology types. Although the number of elements in a mesh of like spacing comprised of tetrahedral, wedge, or pyramid elements increases as compared to the hexahedral counterpart, for wall-resolved large-eddy simulation, the increased assembly and residual evaluation computational time for non-hexahedral is offset by more efficient linear solver times. Finally, most simulation results indicate that modest polynomial promotion provides a significant increase in solution accuracy.
Addressing Feeding Disorders Using High-Probability Sequencing for Children and Adolescents with Developmental Disabilities:

Feeding disorders exhibited by children with developmental disabilities, which include limiting food intake or refusing to consume solid foods, often result in poor health consequences. Interventio...
Old and New Approaches to Target the Hsp90 Chaperone

The 90-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that ensures cellular proteostasis by maintaining the folding, stabilization, activation, and degradation of over 400 client proteins. Hsp90 is not only critical for routine protein maintenance in healthy cells, but also during states of cellular stress, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Due to its ability to affect phosphorylation of numerous client proteins, inhibition of Hsp90 has been an attractive anticancer approach since the early 1990's, when researchers identified a druggable target on the amino terminus of Hsp90 for a variety of cancers. Since then, 17 Hsp90 inhibitors that target the chaperone's Nterminal domain, have entered clinical trials. None, however, have been approved thus far by the FDA as a cancer monotherapy. In these trials, a major limitation observed with Hsp90 inhibition at the N-terminal domain was dose-limiting toxicities and relatively poor pharmacokinetic profiles. Despite this, preclinical and clinical research continues to show that Hsp90 inhibitors effectively target cancer cell death and decrease tumor progression supporting the rationale for the development of novel Hsp90 inhibitors. Here, we present an in-depth overview of the Hsp90 inhibitors used in clinical trials. Finally, we present current shifts in the field related to targeting the carboxy-terminal domain of Hsp90 as well as to the development of isoform-selective inhibitors as a means to bypass the pitfalls of current Hsp90 inhibitors and improve clinical trial outcomes.
Lessons Learned from Experimental Human Model of Zinc Deficiency

Zinc is an essential element for humans, and its deficiency was documented in 1963. Nutritional zinc deficiency is now known to affect over two billion subjects in the developing world. Conditioned deficiency of zinc in many diseases has also been observed. In zinc-deficient dwarfs from the Middle East, we reported growth retardation, delayed sexual development, susceptibility to infections, poor appetite, and mental lethargy. We never found a zinc-deficient dwarf who survived beyond the age of 25 y. In an experimental model of human mild zinc deficiency, we reported decreased thymulin (a thymopoietic hormone) activity in Th1 cells, decreased mRNAs of IL-2 and IFN-gamma genes, and decreased activity of natural killer cells (NK) and T cytotoxic T cells. The effect of zinc deficiency on thymulin activity and IL-2 mRNA was seen within eight to twelve weeks of the institution of zinc-deficient diet in human volunteers, whereas lymphocyte zinc decreased in 20 weeks and plasma zinc decreased in 24 weeks after instituting zinc-deficient diet. We hypothesized that decreased thymulin activity, which is known to proliferate Th1 cells, decreased the proliferation differentiation of Th1 cells. This resulted in decreased generation of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. We observed no effect in Th2 cell function; thus, zinc deficiency resulted in an imbalance of Th1 to Th2 function resulting in decreased cell-mediated immunity. Zinc therapy may be very useful in many chronic diseases. Zinc supplementation improves cell-mediated immunity, decreases oxidative stress, and decreases generation of chronic inflammatory cytokines in humans. Development of sensitive immunological biomarkers may be more sensitive than an assay of zinc in plasma and peripheral blood cells for diagnosis of marginal zinc deficiency in human.
Context-Specific Dyadic Attention Vulnerabilities During the First Year in Infants Later Developing Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Objective Although some eye-tracking studies demonstrate atypical attention to faces by 6 months of age in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), behavioral studies in early infancy return largely negative results. We examined the effects of context and diagnosis on attention to faces during face-to-face live interactions in infants at high familial risk (HR) and low familial risk (LR) for ASD. Method Participants were 6-, 9-, and 12-month-old siblings of children with ASD who were later determined to have ASD (n = 21), other developmental challenges (HR-C; n = 74), or typical development (TD) (HR-TD; n = 32), and low-risk, typically developing controls (LR-TD; n = 49). Infants were administered the social orienting probes task, consisting of five conditions: dyadic bid, song, peek-a-boo, tickle, and toy play. Attention to an unfamiliar examiner’s face was coded by blinded raters from video recordings. Results At all ages, the ASD group spent less time looking at the examiner’s face than the HR-C, HR-TD, and LR-TD groups during the Dyadic Bid and Tickle conditions (all p .23). Lower attention to faces during Dyadic Bid and Tickle conditions was significantly correlated with higher severity of autism symptoms at 18 months. Conclusion During the prodromal stages of the disorder, infants with ASD exhibited subtle impairments in attention to faces of interactive partners during interactions involving eye contact and child-directed speech (with and without physical contact), but not in contexts involving singing, familiar anticipatory games, or toy play. Considering the convergence with eye-tracking findings on limited attention to faces in infants later diagnosed with ASD, reduced attention to faces of interactive partners in specific contexts may constitute a promising candidate behavioral marker of ASD in infancy.
G-PICS: A Framework for GPU-Based Spatial Indexing and Query Processing

Support for efficient spatial data storage and retrieval has become a vital component in almost all spatial database systems. While GPUs have become a mainstream platform for high-throughput data processing in recent years, exploiting the massively parallel processing power of GPUs is non-trivial. Current approaches that parallelize one query at a time have low work efficiency and cannot make good use of GPU resources. On the other hand, many spatial database systems could receive a large number of queries simultaneously. In this paper, we present a comprehensive framework named G-PICS for parallel processing of concurrent spatial queries on GPUs. GPICS encapsulates efficient parallel algorithms for constructing a variety of spatial trees with different space partitioning methods. G-PICS also provides highly optimized programs for processing major spatial query types, and such programs can be accessed via an API that could be further extended to implement user-defined algorithms. While support for dynamic data inputs is missing in existing work, G-PICS implements efficient parallel algorithms for bulk updates of data. Furthermore, G-PICS is designed to work in a Multi-GPU environment to support datasets beyond the size of a single GPU's global memory. Empirical evaluation of GPICS shows significant performance improvement over the state-of-the-art GPU and parallel CPU-based spatial query processing systems.
Subjective Sleep Quality and Trajectories of Interleukin-6 in Older Adults

ABSTRACT Background We aimed to identify trajectories of inflammation in older adults at elevated risk for syndromal depression and anxiety and to determine whether baseline physical, cognitive, and psychosocial factors could distinguish 15-month longitudinal trajectories. Methods Older adults (N = 195, mean age (±SD) = 74.4 years (9.0) participating in three depression and anxiety prevention protocols completed a comprehensive battery of psychosocial assessments and provided blood samples for analysis of interleukin-6 (IL-6) every 3 months over a maximum of 15 months. Group-based trajectory modeling identified trajectories. Adjusted logistic regression examined associations between baseline factors and trajectory groups. Results Two 15-month trajectories were identified: stable lower IL-6 levels (84%; mean (±SD) = 3.2 (2.1) pg/mL); and consistently higher IL-6 levels (16%; mean = 9.5 (7.4) pg/mL). Poor sleep quality predicted consistently higher levels of IL-6 (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.03–3.55). Conclusion Poor sleep quality may represent a therapeutic target to reduce inflammation.
Democratizing Engineering Education Through Contemplative and Mindfulness Practices

In this pre-conference workshop, we present the ways in which contemplative and mindfulness practices can serve to democratize engineering education. Contemplative practices allow individuals to gain a deeper understanding of themselves, others and their context by integrating the body – both, its physical and affective expressions – and mind. Despite the benefits of these practices for creating learning environments that are authentic, purposeful, holistic, and inclusive, these pedagogies are underutilized in engineering curricula. In this workshop, we will provide an immersive introduction to contemplative practices to co-create a sense of what engineering education environments can look like when they employ mindful, affective, and embodied ways of knowing. Participants will leave with a toolkit of contemplative practices, including sensory and visual meditation, deep listening, beholding, contemplative movement, and critical reflection, which will equip them to reimagine the ways in which they promote students’ capacity for self-awareness and reflection in their own learning contexts. Rooted in the practices of mindfulness, these strategies allow the co-creation of environments that are more conducive to learning and inclusive of all ways of knowing and being, thereby democratizing engineering education.
African Americans' discussions about living-donor kidney transplants with family or friends: Who, what, and why not?

Background Although discussions with family or friends can improve access to living-donor kidney transplantation (LDKT), they remain an understudied step in the LDKT process. Methods Among 300 African American transplant candidates, we examined how sociodemographic, clinical, LDKT-related, and psychosocial characteristics related to the occurrence of LDKT discussions with family or friends. We also analyzed the relation between discussion occurrence and donor activation on transplant candidates' behalves (at least one donor inquiry or completed donor evaluation in the medical record). We assessed associations of discussion characteristics (context, content, and perceptions) with donor activation among discussants, and we identified discussion barriers among non-discussants. Results Most candidates (90%) had discussed LDKT. Only family functioning was statistically significantly associated with discussion occurrence. Specifically, family dysfunction was associated with 62% lower odds of discussion than family function. Family functioning, discussion occurrence, and different discussion characteristics were statistically significantly related to donor activation. The most prevalent discussion barrier was never having thought about discussing LDKT. Conclusions Family functioning affected the likelihood of discussing LDKT, and family functioning, discussion occurrence, and discussion characteristics were associated with donor activation. Advancing understanding of how family functioning and LDKT discussions affect progression to LDKT may benefit interventions to increase LDKT.
Approximate Adiabatic Logic for Low-Power and Secure Edge Computing

Approximate computing is a promising approach for error-tolerant applications running on the Internet of Things (IoT) edge devices to reduce power consumption. However, approximate computation is susceptible to side-channel attacks, such as attacks based on differential power analysis (DPA). Energy efficiency could be further enhanced by applying adiabatic logic in approximate edge computing while increasing its protection against the side-channel attacks. As a case study, we are presenting two approximate adders based on adiabatic logic to illustrate the benefits of approximate computation combined with adiabatic logic. The proposed approximate adders leverage the dual-rail property of adiabatic logic to minimize the overall size and further decrease energy consumption. In this article, the first design is True Sum Approximate Adder (TSAA), while the second design is True Carry-out Approximate Adder (TCAA). There are fewer transistors in adiabatic logic-based TSAA and TCAA compared to CMOS based accurate mirror adder (AMA). At 12.5 MHz operating frequency and 45 nm technology node, the adiabatic TSAA and TCAA achieved power savings of 95.4% and 95.48%, energy savings of 90.80%, and 90.96% in comparison with the standard CMOS AMA. We also show that both designs proposed are more secure against DPA attacks.
Time constructs: Design ideology and a future internet:

This article engages the politics of technology as it examines how a discourse of time is framed by engineers and project principals in the course of the development of three future internet archit...
Ab Initio Pseudopotentials (Extending Ab Initio QM Throughout the Periodic Table)

In the 1960s, no serious calculations were done on transition metals or even the Si row of the periodic table because the core electrons had to be present, adding substantially to the cost (state-of-the-art computers were about 0.1 mips and memory was 36 K words, including operating system). To get around this problem, the concept of a pseudopotential that cancels the deep potential in the core region was introduced by Phillips, Kleinman, Cohen, Heine, and Ziman as a way to think about bonding in metals such as Li. As formulated, their pseudopotential had serious problems. 1. The pseudopotential was not unique; there are an infinite number of different pseudopotentials each of which leads to a different pseudo-orbitals, but with the same E. 2. Second, the new Hamiltonian is not Hermitian, leading to complications when considering scattering. 3. Third, the pseudopotential was an integral operator; not a local potential, causing problems when considering scattering. The Goddard group (Carl Melius and Luis Kahn) solved this problem by introducing the Effective Core Potential (ECP). Adding in core orbital character to make the valence orbital nodeless while going smoothly to zero as the distance from the nucleus goes to 0 led a pseudo-orbital that leads to a unique ECP (or pseudopotential). Most importantly, the ECP depended dramatically on symmetry. It was very different for s states than p states then d states, etc. This led to the concept of writing the ECP in terms of angular momentum projection operators. We showed that the excited states of each symmetry are well described with the same ECP. This was completed by 1974. The final refinement (1977) was restricting the form of the smooth pseudo-orbital so that the long range size was not changed (norm conserving). This concept of ECP with angular momentum projection operators extracted from ab initio atomic wavefunctions has been the basis of the enormous progress in the last 50 years for treating materials for the full periodic table.
A Full-Length Quench Antenna Array for MQXFA Production Series Quadrupole Magnet Testing

The MQXFA production series quadrupoles being built for the Hi-Lumi (HL) LHC upgrade by the US Accelerator Upgrade Project (US-HL-LHC AUP) will have very limited voltage instrumentation for characterizing quench events that occur during magnet training and performance validation testing. In order to understand the origin of the quenches, and whether they have some implication for ongoing magnet fabrication, a full-length Quench Antenna Array (QAA) was built with axial resolution of 50 mm to be employed during cold testing in the anti-cryostat. The goal is to have fine-resolution, full-length coverage detection of quench events axially, as well as to have azimuthal resolution on the order of the cable width (about 1 degree for the cross-section), in a device that can be used both for vertical and horizontal testing. To achieve this, a 5 m long QAA with 128 channels of high-speed data acquisition has been designed and fabricated. The array features full-length radially positioned antennas for azimuthal localization, and short, high-sensitivity, antennas for axial detection. This paper discusses the design, construction and analysis of the MQXFA QAA, and first results from its use during quench testing in the production magnets.
The effects of food limitation on behavior, corticosterone, and the use of social information in the red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra)

Meeting metabolic demands through foraging is a basic animal need that drives the evolution of foraging adaptations. The use of social information is one adaptation that could improve foraging success and fitness if it helps animals locate food when conditions are challenging. It is unknown if food limitation-or the glucocorticoid hormones that are often released when food is limited-can influence the extent to which animals use social information or their ability to learn novel foraging techniques. We explored the effects of limited access to food on activity levels, corticosterone secretion, and social information use in red crossbills, a highly social songbird species adapted to cope with high degrees of resource unpredictability. Using an observer/demonstrator paradigm, food limited or well fed observers were allowed to watch demonstrators solve a novel feeding puzzle before being allowed to attempt the puzzle themselves across repeated trials. Our findings suggest that food limitation transiently increased activity levels but did not result in long-term elevations of corticosterone and did not increase the speed at which red crossbills utilized social information to solve the novel foraging task. However, food limitation may have increased the value of using socially acquired information, as foraging technique performance improved faster in food limited birds relative to controls. Social learning was further demonstrated by the red crossbills in this study when naive observers overwhelmingly learned a socially-demonstrated task over an undemonstrated task when tested on a two-task foraging board.
Distal Medial Collateral Ligament Grade III Injuries in Collegiate Football Players: Operative Management, Rehabilitation, and Return to Play.

Context Management of isolated grade III medial collateral ligament injuries is controversial, as both nonoperative and operative management can result in return to play. However, operative management is recommended in elite athletes who have a grade III injury with distal avulsion. Objective We present a standardized rehabilitation protocol in a case series of 7 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I American football athletes who sustained grade III distal medial collateral ligament tears that were repaired operatively, with emphasis on return to play. Results Median time to surgery was 4 days (range = 2-67 days). Median time from surgery to noncontact drills was 120.5 days (range = 104-168 days), and median time from surgery to full-contact sport was 181 days (range = 139-204 days). All athletes returned to play at their preinjury level of competition. Conclusions Our study highlighted how operative management with a standardized rehabilitation protocol can be applied to Division I football players and result in safe return to play.
Intelligent Data Warehousing: From Data Preparation to Data Mining

From the Publisher: This book presents state-of-the-art data warehousing research and practice from an integrated business and computer science perspective-the first monograph to do soand broadens the scope of data mining by discussing it in terms of data warehousing. The material, rooted in database management systems and artificial intelligence, brings the intelligent techniques associated with AI to the entire process of data warehousing, from preparing data and building data warehousing to analyzing data stored in the data warehouses using data mining.
State Ranking in International Society and the Spread of Norms: Women’s Suffrage, National Women’s Bureaus, and Legislature Sex Quotas

Women and States: Norms and Hierarchies in International Society. By Ann E. Towns. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 249 pp., $32.99 paperback (ISBN: 978-0-521-74591-8). How can we account for the emergence and spread of women's suffrage, national women's bureaus, and legislature sex quotas? How do these three areas relate to states' rankings and status in the international system? How can we understand the process of stratification and differentiation among states in the international system through the lens of women's rights? Ann E. Towns's book, Women and States: Norms and Hierarchies in International Society , provides the answers to these questions and others, offering an important contribution to the literature in international relations (IR) through the application of a constructivist approach and the use of a gender analysis. As Towns asserts, in seeking “to understand and explain the spread of certain state practices towards women, this book points to the importance of the status of women as a standard of rank in international society” (p. 1). Its contribution to the field of IR, therefore, is through an examination of state behavior, particularly state behavior toward women within the state. Challenging the conventional wisdom “that the political empowerment of women is a practice stemming from Europe or North America,” her evidence shows that these practices have sometimes originated from countries in other regions (p. 9). Towns explores the connection between a state's rank in the international hierarchy of states and the state's treatment of women, issues not well addressed by IR scholars (p. 4). She examines the changes and transformations in three areas that deal with states' treatment of women: women's suffrage, establishment of national women's bureaus (or NWM, national women's machinery), and legislature sex quotas. In looking at the development and evolution of the treatment of women within states, Towns argues that we can discern how states rank in the international hierarchy of states. She also …
Different competency of CMV-pp65 or Flu-M1 specific CD8+ T cells in naïve and central memory population in healthy human adults (TRAN3P.885)

The competency of antigen specific (Ag+) lymphocytes plays a critical role in the outcome of an adaptive immune response during an infection. Although the precursor frequency of Ag+ T cells often serves as an indicator, the evaluation of the proliferative capacity of Ag+ T cells of healthy humans to known viral antigens is limited. Here, we compared CD8 T cell responses to the antigen from cytomegalovirus (CMV-pp65) or influenza virus (Flu-M1) using an artificial antigen presenting system in vitro. We found that CD8 T cell responses (proliferation and Granzyme B production) to these two antigens varied in 23 healthy adults analyzed. The antigen specific CD8 T cell expansion did not correlate with the precursor frequency of total Ag+ CD8 T cells. Further comparing the response of isolated naive (Tn) and central memory (Tcm) CD8 T cells showed that Tcm expanded more than Tn did to both antigens. Finally, we found that longer telomere lengths in CD8 T cells were positively correlated with the better expansion of these Ag+ CD8 T cells. Together, our study shows that antigen specific CD8 T cell response to CMV-pp65 and Flu-M1 is varied in healthy adults and the capacity of proliferation of these Ag+ CD8 T cells depends partly on the telomere length in these cells.
Studies on the chemistry of halogens and of polyhalides—XXVII: Preparation and properties of some mixed pentahalide anions

Abstract Numerous organic salts containing I 2 Cl 3 − and I 2 Cl 2 Br − anions have been synthesized by reacting iodine monochloride or iodine bromide with a dichloroiodate salt of a large organic cation in an enert solvent. The compounds were obtained in the form of yellow microcrystalline powders, stable at room temperature. Upon heating to ≈ 100°, the compounds lose ICl or IBr and revert to the stable trihalide salts. The pentahalide salts are soluble in polar organic solvents but upon dissolution they appear to dissociate completely to the trihalide and ICl or IBr. Infrared spectra of these compounds were determined in the 320−200 cm −1 region.
CDS, UX, and System Redesign – Promising Techniques and Tools to Bridge the Evidence Gap

Introduction: In this special issue of eGEMs, we explore the struggles related to bringing evidence into day-to-day practice, what I define as the “evidence gap.” We are all aware of high quality evidence in the form of guidelines, randomized clinical trials for treatments and diagnostic tests, and clinical prediction rules, which are all readily available online. We also know that electronic health records (EHRs) are now ubiquitous in health care and in most practices across the country. How we marry this high quality evidence and the practice of medicine through effective decision support is a major challenge. About the Issue : All of the articles in this issue explore, in some fashion, CDS systems and how we can best bring providers and their work environment to the evidence. We are at the very early stages of the science of usability. Much more research and funding is needed in this area if we hope to improve the dissemination and implementation of evidence in practice. While the featured examples, techniques, and tools in the special issue are a promising start to improving usability and CDS, many of the papers highlight current gaps in knowledge and a great need for generalizable approaches. The great promise is for “learning” approaches to generate new evidence and to integrate this evidence in reliable, patient-centered ways at scale using new technology. Closing the evidence gap is a real possibility, but only if the community works together to innovate and invest in research on the best ways to disseminate, communicate, and implement evidence in practice.
Master Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery: The Elbow. 2nd ed.

Bernard F. Morrey, editor. Illustrations by Jim Postier and Matthew Morrey. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2002. 432 pages. $199.00. This multiauthored volume well achieves the editor's stated goal of creating an atlas of easy-to-follow descriptions of operative techniques. According to the editor, this volume was intended not to be just a technical manual but rather to impart the personal experiences of …
A comparative study of using different speech parameters in the design of a discrete hidden Markov model

Linear predictive coding (LPC)-based cepstral coefficients are the most widely used parameters in the design of modern speech recognizers. The authors compared useful features, such as the LPC constants themselves, filter bank analysis coefficients, and short-time Fourier transform coefficients, with respect to recognizer accuracy. The recognizer studied is based on the discrete hidden Markov model (HMM). For fairness of comparison, all of the different feature vectors were of the same dimensionality. Also, to compare computational requirements for the various features, the size of a frame in the typical frame-by-frame discrete analysis and the frame sampling rate were kept similar. >
Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Life History Traits in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

We have identified chromosomal regions containing quantitative trait loci (QTLs) specifying life history traits in recombinant-inbred strains of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This approach also allows us to examine epistatic interactions between loci and pleiotropic effects on different traits at specific loci. QTLs for mean life span were identified on chromosomes II (near stP101), IV (stP5) and the X (stP61), and QTLs for fertility were identified on II (maPI), III (stP19) and IV (stP51). The QTLs for mean life span accounted for 90% of the genetic component of variance. The loci for mean fertility accounted for 88% of the genetic component of variance. Additional QTLs for temperature-sensitive fertility [II (stP36) and V (stP6)] and internal hatching [IV (stP5)] were also mapped in these crosses. We found evidence for epistatic effects on mean life span between maP1 and bP1 (V), and for epistatic effects on mean fertility between stP36 and stP6, between stP98 (II) and stP192 (V), between maP1 and stP127 (III), between maP1 and stP103 (X), and between stP5 and stP6. Negatively correlated, pleiotropic effects on mean life span and internal hatching were found linked to stP5.
A reverse-phase liquid chromatographic assay for flavin-containing monooxygenase activity.

Abstract A rapid, convenient assay for flavin-containing monooxygenase activity is described. The method is based on direct analysis of quenched incubation mixtures by reverse-phase liquid chromatography, and utilizes p -nitrophenyl-1,3-oxathiolane as the substrate. The synthesis of the substrate and the product are described. The usefulness of p -nitrophenyl-1,3-oxathiolane S -oxide formation as a measure of flavin-containing monooxygenase activity was demonstrated using highly purified and microsomal hog and rat liver flavin-containing monooxygenase. The assay is especially useful for determining stereoselectivity of flavin-containing monooxygenase. The activity in small amounts of crude tissue preparations.
Transmission Line Transients

There is great need for a better understanding on the part of transmission engineers of the traveling waves on lines. The complete analysis of such waves is inherently complicated, but there are certain approximate relations by which the progress of waves on our ordinary systems may be readily studied. Before any theory is accepted for practical use, however, it is necessary to check it carefully by experiment. This paper gives quantitative checks of the principal aspects of the theory of the traveling waves due to suddenly applied continuous potentials, as originally given by Heaviside. It is shown that this theory based on fixed line constants predicts accurately the progress of waves as far as magnitudes, speed of propagation, and shape of wave except at the wave front are concerned. The effect of steepness of wave front is discussed with relation to its practical aspects. It is proposed to follow this paper shortly with similar results on alternating-current transients. Tests on artificial lines and on an aerial line in the field are compared with computed results. Working rules for considering the progress of transients are discussed, together with certain results that may be obtained by their use. An extension of approximate analysis is given in an appendix, which is sufficiently accurate for transmission lines of the present length, and which is sometimes easier to handle than the complete theory. Reflections at apparatus, and at line junctures, is discussed qualitatively. There are several cases in which extreme potentials may arise.
Cultivar/location and processing methods affect yield and quality of sunflower pectin

The influence of cultivar/location of sunflower and grinding, blanching, water washing, and re-extraction of sunflower head residues were studied for yield and quality of pectin. Sunflower head residues from seven varieties/locations were used. The Interstate cultivar from Ardock (North Dakota) and Agri-Pro from Carrington (North Dakota) had highest yields (9.14-9.47%). Galacturonic acid content of the pectin did not differ significantly among cultivars. Grinding sunflower heads to particle size < 60 mesh did not increase yield or quality of pectin. Peroxidase in head residues was completely inactivated after heat treatment at 75 degrees C for 15 min. Higher shear blending did not increase yield, but decreased molecular mass and firmness of pectin gels. Extracting pectin twice yielded a total 13-14% pectin without lowering pectin quality.
Summary of the social sciences and population policy: a survey.

This survey makes quite explicit the willingness of the social sciences and demography to initiate or expand teaching, research, and training on population policy. The disciplines now differ greatly in these activities. Of the 117 suggestions for research on policy, 41 are related to policy content; 16 to policy initiative and implementation; 47 to policy evaluation; and 13 to policy philosophy. The social scientists identified thirteen barriers which obstruct them from undertaking the needed research. Nine of the same barriers were named by the demographers. Barriers associated with the academic profession itself include expertise or technical competence, data limitations, ideology, professional identification, intellectual priorities, and role strains. The remaining barriers are associated with the organization of the university or the larger society rather than the academic profession.
A normal mode analysis of free base porphin

Abstract The in-plane vibrational modes of free base porphin have been calculated. The results are compared to high resolution single-site fluorescence spectra and a tentative assignment of some experimental i.r. vibrational frequencies is made. The importance of the peripheral hydrogen atoms in vibronic analyses of porphins is discussed.
Transverse Magnetic Field Propellant Isolator

An alternative high voltage propellant isolator for electric propulsion and ground-based ion source applications has been designed and tested. This design employs a transverse magnetic field that increases the breakdown voltage. The design can greatly enhance the operating range of laboratory propellant isolators used for high voltage applications.
Photoactivation of urocanase in Pseudomonas putida: possible conformational change during activation.

Earlier studies of urocanase indicated that it is converted to an inactive form in resting cells of Pseudomonas putida. When cell extracts are irradiated by ultraviolet (u.v.) light, the enzyme is activated[1]. The chromophore is closely associated with the enzyme [1,2]. The action spectrum for photoactivation showed that, although near-u.v. light was effective, the most efficient wavelengths were at 275–280 nm[3]. The study we present here suggests that urocanase undergoes a conformational change upon photoactivation.
Evaluation of a new technique for endoscopic nasojejunal feeding-tube placement

Objectives Multiple techniques for endoscopic nasojejunal tube (NJT) placement exist. However, poor experience with these techniques has limited more routine practice of NJT placement for many endoscopists. We evaluated endoscopic NJT placement with a new stiff jejunal (J)-tube method (push technique). Methods The GI Tract database at the Medical University of South Carolina was queried for NJT-placement procedures. Records of 42 patients who had undergone NJT placement by using the push technique between the years 2001 and 2004 at our institution were reviewed for information regarding procedure success and tube-related outcomes. Results The push technique of NJT placement was successful in 41 of 42 patients (97.6%), with an average procedure time of 11.6 minutes (range, 5-50 minutes). Negative outcomes occurred in 61% of properly positioned NJTs and included inadvertent tube removal by the patient or the staff (42.1%), dislodging (10.5%), clogging (5.3%), and kinking (5.3%). The average longevity of the NJT was 7.8 days (range, 1-37 days). Most patients were ultimately converted to a percutaneous enteral access device or to oral feedings. Conclusions Endoscopic placement of NJT by using the push technique is an efficient, reliable method of accessing the small bowel for enteral nutrition.