cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Framework for Sustainable Production and a Strategic Approach to a Key Enabler: Remanufacturing

The concern over climate change and related environmental issues has generated a surge of interest and actions towards sustainable development. In response, many manufacturers have begun implementing sustainable production practices. This paper discusses sustainable production, reviews the framework and metrics for guiding implementations, and examines the role of remanufacturing, a key technology within sustainable production. The paper also discusses the important role of product design in implementing remanufacturing to achieve improved sustainable production metrics.
Brood Movements of Eastern Prairie Population Canada Geese: Potential Influence of Light Goose Abundance

During the summers of 2000–2002, we used radio telemetry to document Eastern Prairie Population (EPP) Canada goose (Branta canadensis interior) brood movements and use of brood-rearing habitat. We compared these data with similar data collected in 1976–1978 (Didiuk 1979), prior to a significant increase in the size of the midcontinent light goose (lesser snow geese [Chen caerulescens] and Ross's geese [C. rossii]) population and consequent habitat alteration near Cape Churchill, Manitoba. Since the late 1970s, use of traditional EPP Canada goose brood-rearing areas by light geese has increased significantly near Cape Churchill, and the density of nesting EPP Canada geese has declined. Alteration of brood-rearing habitat has been hypothesized as a cause of the decline in EPP breeding density, as natal dispersal to more distant brood-rearing areas may influence future recruitment into the local breeding population. In 1976–1978, 20 (95%) of 21 radio-marked broods nesting in beach ridge/sedge meadow habitat moved to salt marsh brood-rearing areas; however, only 5 (19%) of 27 Canada geese, nesting in the same habitat, made initial movements to these traditional salt marsh brood-rearing areas in 2000–2002. In 2000–2002, 30 (75%) of 40 geese with broods made initial movements to beach ridge/sedge meadow habitat—10 of these broods eventually moved to salt-marsh habitats later in the brood-rearing period (χ date = 22 days postmedian hatch). Mean brood home range size from 2001–2002 in coastal and inland habitats nearly doubled compared to the mean brood home range size during 1976–1978. Eastern Prairie Population Canada geese currently use brood-rearing habitat other than the coastal salt marshes they used prior to habitat alteration resulting from foraging by light geese. A shift in the use of brood-rearing habitat could potentially reduce nest densities on the study area if first-time breeders nest closer to distant brood-rearing areas. The impact of alternative brood-rearing habitat on gosling growth and survival for EPP geese is unknown, but foraging in poorer quality brood-rearing habitat may also contribute to the observed decline in nesting density.
High Technology and Sociospatial Change in Bengaluru: A Mixed-Method Approach

High technology is defined as a collection of activities such as information technology (IT), hardware, software and services, business process outsourcing, computer chips, telecommunications, data processing, and electronics industries. Large cities in India have experienced a process of urban growth based on the exploitation of agglomeration economies. This research explicates the social-spatial theme in a broader sense and identifies the resultant impact of high technology upon the changing geographic landscape of Bengaluru. To elucidate this theme, the following two questions are addressed in this chapter: (1) Have high-technology firms created social-spatial transformation within the various wards of Bengaluru? (2) What are the nature and characteristics of transformations with respect to income disparities, lifestyle-related attributes, gender, and family relationship of the various segments of population in the wards of Bengaluru? Quantitative and geographic information systems (GIS) are utilized for analyzing secondary data along with primary data collected through a structured questionnaire. This research concludes that the location of high-tech firms has increased the gap and has transformed the high-technology wards relative to non-high-technology wards socially, economically, and culturally. The high-technology firms do not locate in proximity to educational institutions within wards but rather co-locate where wards are characterized by high literacy, illiteracy, slum population, high-rise luxury apartments, shopping malls, poverty, and homelessness. Women’s employment in the high-technology sector has enhanced gender equality, and the traditional role of women in the family has been challenged. An example of a high-technology ward is Koramangala with the best residential locality, excellent educational institutions, and a cluster of slums.
How Does the Level of Nerve Root Resection in En Bloc Sacrectomy Influence Patient-Reported Outcomes?

For patients with sacral tumors, who are well enough for surgery, en bloc resection is the preferred treatment. Survival, postoperative complications, and recurrent rates have been described, but patient-reported outcomes often are not included in these studies. The purposes of this study were (1) to compare patient-reported outcomes after en bloc sacrectomy, based on the level of sacral nerve root resection, in terms of mental health, physical health, bowel function, and sexual function; and (2) to assess differences in terms of mental health, physical health, and pain between patients with and without a colostomy. A total of 74 patients, of whom 58 (78%) were diagnosed with chordoma, were surveyed between February 2012 and October 2014. This represented 48% of patients with sacral chordoma who were alive and who had been treated with a transverse sacral resection between June 2000 and August 2013 at three institutions with a minimum followup of 6 months (mean, 59 months; range, 6–255 months). We chose 6 months because we believe that neurologic deficits generally are stable by this point and that patients generally have recovered from the operation by this time. Patients were divided into five groups based on the most caudal nerve root spared: L5 (N = 10), S1 (N = 22), S2 (N = 17), S3 (N = 18), and S4 (N = 7). Only postoperative outcomes were collected using the National institute of Health’s Patient Reported Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Health survey, PROMIS Pain Interference survey, PROMIS Pain Intensity survey, PROMIS Sexual Function survey, and the Modified Obstruction and Defecation Score survey. Differences between two adjacent levels were found in terms of mental health, physical health, and sexual function. Patients in whom the S2 nerve roots were spared had a lower mental health score (median = 44, interquartile range [IQR] = 41–51) than patients in whom the S3 nerve roots were spared (median = 53, IQR = 48–56, q = 0.049). Patients in whom the S2 nerve roots were spared had a slightly lower physical health score (median = 42, IQR = 40–51) than patients in whom the S3 nerve roots were spared (median = 47, IQR = 45–54, q = 0.043). Patients in whom the S1 roots were spared (median = 1.0, range = 1.0–1.0) had a lower orgasm score than patients in whom the S2 nerve roots were spared (median = 3, range = 2–5, q = 0.027). No differences in terms of mental health, physical health, or pain were found between the colostomy group and the no colostomy group. The combination of our findings can be used to further educate patients and discuss expectations. In an operative setting, these data can be considered when deciding to place a colostomy. Level III, therapeutic study.
Prediction of New Fingerprints of Ordering in GaInP2 Alloys

Using ab initio all-electron methods, we investigate the evolution of effective masses, deformation potentials and pressure coefficients with the degree of long-range order in spontaneously ordered Ga 0.5 In 0.5 P alloys. We find that (i) the electron effective mass in the ordering direction increases significantly with the degree of order, while the effective mass in the perpendicular direction decreases ; this produces a strong anisotropy of the electron effective mass which is not present in the disordered alloy; (ii) the band-gap deformation potential for (001) epitaxial strain decreases with increasing degree of order, reflecting the extent of the ordering-induced Γ - L coupling; (iii) the band-gap pressure coefficient decreases from 8.4 meV/kbar in the disordered alloy to 6.6 meV/kbar in the ordered CuPt structure; interpolation to partial degrees of order leads to good agreement with recent high-pressure experiments.
Controlling tracheal mites (Acari : Tarsonemidae) in colonies of honey bees (Hymenoptera : Apidae) with vegetable oil and menthol

The efficacy of vegetable oil and menthol was tested in controlling tracheal mites ( Acarapis woodi [Rennie)) in honey bees ( Apis mellifera L.). Each of 40 bee colonies was given one of four treatments: (1) vegetable oil, (2) menthol, (3) vegetable oil and menthol, or (4) no treatment (control). Colonies were sampled for percentage bees infested and severity of infestation per infested bee on nine dates from 14 February to 7 August 1991. Treatments were applied on 27 February and removed on 18 April. On 3 April, mite infestation was reduced in the oil + menthol treatment. On every sampling date after 3 April, infestation was reduced by all oil or menthol treatments. Compared with menthol, vegetable oil gave equivalent mite control on all sampling dates. From 3 April through 9 May, infestation was lowest in the oil + menthol treatment. Except for one sampling date, severity of infestation per infested bee was unaffected by treatments.
Parasites and Predators of the Cottonwood Twig Borer in Texas

The cottonwood twig borer, Gypsonoma haimbachiana (Kearfott), is one of the most destructive insect pests of plantation-grown eastern cottonwood, Populus deltoides Bartr. Little information is available on this insect, although Morris (1967) reported on its biology and 9 of its predators and parasites.
Evaluating the Domain Specificity of Mental Health–Related Mind-Sets

Mind-sets are beliefs regarding the malleability of self-attributes. Research suggests they are domain-specific, meaning that individuals can hold a fixed (immutability) mind-set about one attribute and a growth (malleability) mind-set about another. Although mind-set specificity has been investigated for broad attributes such as personality and intelligence, less is known about mental health mind-sets (e.g., beliefs about anxiety) that have greater relevance to clinical science. In two studies, we took a latent variable approach to examine how different mind-sets (anxiety, social anxiety, depression, drinking tendencies, emotions, intelligence, and personality mind-sets) were related to one another and to psychological symptoms. Results provide evidence for both domain specificity (e.g., depression mind-set predicted depression symptoms) and generality (i.e., the anxiety mind-set and the general mind-set factor predicted most symptoms). These findings may help refine measurement of mental health mind-set...
Prolonged intermittent virus shedding during an outbreak of canine influenza A H3N2 virus infection in dogs in three Chicago area shelters: 16 cases (March to May 2015)

OBJECTIVE To estimate an appropriate isolation period for dogs infected with canine influenza A H3N2 virus on the basis of the duration of virus shedding. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 16 dogs, from 3 Chicago area shelters, naturally infected with canine influenza A H3N2 virus. PROCEDURES Medical records of 16 affected dogs were reviewed. Nasal swab specimens from each dog had been tested periodically for a minimum of 15 days following an initial positive real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR) assay result for influenza A virus shedding. Amplicons were purified, quantified, and sequenced by the Sanger DNA sequencing technique. Virus isolation and sequence results of canine influenza A H3N2 virus from nasal swab specimens were obtained in conjunction with signalment, description of clinical signs, type of treatment, and outcome. RESULTS Viruses from each dog were identified as canine influenza A H3N2 virus on the basis of DNA sequencing. The interval between first and last positive rRT-PCR assay results ranged from 13 to 24 days, whereas the time interval from first reported clinical signs to last positive assay results ranged from 15 to 26 days. Isolation of canine influenza A H3N2 virus was successful in the late shedding period from nasal swab specimens of 4 dogs at 15 and 20 days after the first positive rRT-PCR assay result and 18 to 20 days after the first clinical signs. Clinical signs resolved for all dogs that remained in the shelters during the testing period. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dogs infected with H3N2 virus should be isolated for a period of ≥ 21 days following onset of illness. Even when resolution of clinical signs occurs sooner than 21 days, shedding of H3N2 virus may persist.
41 POSTPRANDIAL HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSES IN YOUNGER PATIENTS WITH NEUROGENIC ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION.

Background Previous studies have documented the presence of various neurohormonal changes in patients with symptomatic neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (NOH) (blood pressure decrease upon standing = 20 mm Hg systolic [SBP] and/or 10 mm Hg diastolic [DBP] with symptoms of dizziness, lightheadedness, or syncope). Although postprandial hypotension is exacerbated in the older patient with autonomic dysfunction (AN), it has not been well documented in younger patients with NOH. Methods Orthostatic tolerance (SBP/DBP) was measured in response to a standard carbohydrate challenge using a 5-hour 75 g oral glucose tolerance test in 23 younger NOH patients (17 female, 6 male) (aged 43 ± 9 years) (diagnoses = postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome/orthostatic intolerance, autoimmune, and mitral valve prolapse). AN was documented by abnormal RR inspiratory:expiratory ratios, Q-Tc, and 30:15 ratios. Results show that there were orthostatic decreases of SBP/DBP in response to a glucose challenge in the entire group that were greatest for SBP by 5 hours and DBP by 3 hours (−12 ± 2 mm Hg/−8 ± 2 mm Hg) (p Conclusion Although postprandial hypotension is a well-known feature of NOH in older patients, younger NOH patients also demonstrate similar responses to a glucose challenge. The patterns of these orthostatic changes may be different depending upon gender. Supported in part by Veterans Affairs.
The Nature of Rules

For Hart, a legal system is a system of rules. Consequently, characteristics of rules are central to his theory. Two features of rules are at the center of Hart’s theory. The first is the basis for their existence. The second is their indeterminacy or open texture.
INFRARED QUANTITATIVE EVIDENTIAL BREATH-ALCOHOL ANALYZERS: IN VITRO ACCURACY AND PRECISION STUDIES

The in vitro accuracy and precision of four infrared breath-alcohol analyzers, the Alcotest 7010, BAC Verifier, Intoxilyzer 5000, and Intoximeter 3000, were studied with a protocol adapted from portions of the U.S. Department of Transportation's (DOT) "Standard for Devices to Measure Breath Alcohol." Statistical evaluation of these studies indicated that all instruments met or exceeded the performance requirements modified from the U.S. DOT Standard for quantitative evidential breath-alcohol analyzers.
Genetic relatedness of Salmonella enterica isolates from pens and swine at slaughter

a The Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames Iowa, b USDA, ARS, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Athens, Georgia, c National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Services, Ames Iowa, *Corresponding authors current address: Office of the Chief Veterinary Officer, Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry – Australia, GPO Box 858, Canberra ACT 2601 Australia. Phone + 61 (0)2 6272 4047, email: annette.o’connor@affa.gov.au
Tracheal and bronchial stenoses and other obstructive conditions

Although tracheal stenosis and bronchial stenosis are relatively rare in the pediatric population, they are both associated with significant morbidity and mortality. While most cases of congenital tracheal stenosis in children present as complete tracheal rings (CTRs), other congenital tracheal obstructions are also encountered in clinical practice. In addition, acquired obstructive tracheal conditions stemming from endotracheal trauma or previous surgical interventions may occur. Many affected children also have associated cardiovascular malformations, further complicating their management. Optimal management of children with tracheal or bronchial stenoses requires comprehensive diagnostic evaluation and optimization prior to surgery. Slide tracheoplasty has been the operative intervention of choice in the treatment of the majority of these children.
Handling Missing Words by Mapping Across Word Vector Representations

Vector based word representation models are often developed from very large corpora. However, we often encounter words in real world applications that are not available in a single vector model. In this paper, we present a novel Neural Network (NN) based approach for obtaining representations for words in a target model from another model, called the source model, where representations for the words are available, effectively pooling together their vocabularies. Our experiments show that the transformed vectors are well correlated with the native target model representations and that an extrinsic evaluation based on a word-to-word similarity task using the Simlex-999 dataset leads to results close to those obtained using native model representations.
Mouse pancreatic cancer cells from KrasG12D/p53-/- transgenic mice overexpress Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and its inhibition by triptolide decreases cell viability.

LB-190 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States; its 5-year survival rate is less than 5%. To study pancreatic cancer biology and efficacy of drugs against it, mouse spontaneous tumor models are necessary. Genetic analysis of PDAC patients showed that specific disease-associated mutations correlate with cancer progression. Kras gene activation as well as the loss of tumor suppressor gene p53 are reportedly associated with pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanIN). We have previously developed KrasG12D/p53-/- transgenic mice (Cancer Research 67 (17) 2007). We have also shown that HSP70 inhibitors triptolide (a diterpenoidtriepoxide) and quercetin (a flavonoid compound) decrease the viability of human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and inhibit tumor growth in vivo (Cancer Research 67(2) and 67 (19) 2007). AIM: In this study, we isolated tumor cells (PR53.63) from transgenic mice, and evaluated the efficacy of triptolide on mouse pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS: Expression levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in PR53.63 in vitro and in vivo were examined by western blot, real-time PCR, and histochemical analysis using a confocal microscopy. 2) The efficacies of HSP70 inhibitors, such as triptolide and quercetin, on PR53.63 cell viability in vitro were examined and compared to human pancreatic cell lines. 3) PR53.63 cells were treated with triptolide or quercetin, and their effect on HSP70 levels was examined. RESULTS: PR53.63 cells expressed HSP70 significantly more than normal pancreatic duct cells. PR53.63 cells administered subcutaneously in the flank and orthotopically in the pancreas in vivo expressed HSP70 at levels which were significantly higher than other normal organs such as lung, kidney, and liver. Inhibiting HSP70 expression by triptolide and quercetin decreased the viability of PR53.63. The cytotoxicity of triptolide and quercetin to PR53.63 cells is similar to that observed in human pancreatic cancer cell, Panc-1. Treatment with triptolide in vitro significantly decreased HSP70 levels in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that the HSP70 inhibitor, triptolide, decreases viability and HSP70 expression not only in human cancer cell lines but also in mouse pancreatic cancer cells isolated from the KrasG12D/p53-/- transgenic mice. This spontaneous mouse pancreatic cancer model is very useful for studying cancer biology and developing new pancreatic cancer therapies.
Modeling electronegative impurity concentrations in liquid argon detectors

We present a simple mathematical model of the dynamics of impurity distribution in liquid argon detectors. This model considers the dominant sources, sinks, and transport of the impurity between and within the gas and liquid phases of a large detector. We use this model to extract Henry's coefficients for oxygen and water from the time dependence of the impurity concentration in the liquid phase, while the gas in the detector volume is being purified. We find that Henry's coefficient for oxygen in liquid argon is 0.9, in agreement with previous measurements by other methods. For water we obtain the first measured value of Henry's coefficient in liquid argon of ∼ 1.0. This value is in reasonable agreement with the value estimated from the ideal solution theory using an extrapolation of the water vapor pressure.
Safety of laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with concurrent rectopexy: peri-operative morbidity in a nationwide cohort

Rectopexy and sacrocolpopexy can be performed concurrently to treat rectal and vaginal prolapse. We hypothesized that concurrent procedures might be associated with more complications than rectopexy and sacrocolpopexy alone. Patients undergoing laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy or rectopexy, or concurrent laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy and rectopexy were identified in the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database from 2013 to 2016. Preoperative characteristics, operative time, and 30-day post-operative complications were compared between groups. Complications were those defined by the ACS Risk Calculator. Descriptive tests and regression methods were utilized for group comparisons. Significance was set at p < 0.05. We identified 7,232 laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy, 1,560 laparoscopic rectopexy, and 123 concurrent laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy and rectopexy cases. Patients undergoing concurrent procedures were more commonly white, non-Hispanic, non-diabetic, and smokers. Operative time was longest for concurrent procedures, followed by sacrocolpopexy and rectopexy (p < 0.0001). Patients undergoing isolated rectopexy were more commonly ≥ American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3 (p < 0.0001). Rates of any complication for colpopexy, rectopexy, and concurrent procedures did not differ (6.18%, 7.63%, 8.94%; p = 0.058). Serious complication rates for colpopexy, rectopexy, and concurrent procedures did not differ (5.52%, 6.35%, 8.13%; p = 0.222). Odds of experiencing any complication were higher comparing rectopexy with colpopexy alone (adjusted odds ratio = 1.252, 95% CI 1.002–1.565). Comparing all groups, rectopexy had the highest mortality, reoperation, and transfusion rates (all p < 0.05). Concurrent procedures had the highest surgical site and urinary tract infection rates (all p < 0.05). Complications were low for all three procedures. Concurrent repair may be appropriate in well-selected patients.
Privacy Preserving Count Statistics.

The ability to preserve user privacy and anonymity is important. One of the safest ways to maintain privacy is to avoid storing personally identifiable information (PII), which poses a challenge for maintaining useful user statistics. Probabilistic counting has been used to find the cardinality of a multiset when precise counting is too resource intensive. In this paper, probabilistic counting is used as an anonymization technique that provides a reliable estimate of the number of unique users. We extend previous work in probabilistic counting by considering its use for preserving user anonymity, developing application guidelines and including hash collisions in the estimate. Our work complements previous method by attempting to explore the causes of the deviation of uncorrected estimate from the real value. The experimental results show that if the proper register size is used, collision compensation provides estimates are as good as, if not better than, the original probabilistic counting. We develop a new anonymity metric to precisely quantify the degree of anonymity the algorithm provides.
[Frequency and risk factors associated with post-stroke dementia-an observational study on stroke patients without premorbid cognitive impairment].

Die Studienlage uber die langfristigen kognitiven Defizite nach Schlaganfallen ist heterogen und die zugrunde liegende Pathophysiologie der sog. Post-Stroke-Demenz unklar. Analyse der langfristigen kognitiven Veranderungen von Patienten nach erstmaligem Hirninfarkt und Identifikation moglicher Risikofaktoren fur die Entwicklung einer Post-Stroke-Demenz. Insgesamt 66 Patienten im Alter von 54 bis 87 Jahren, anamnestisch ohne Hinweise auf eine vorbestehende Demenz und mit milder klinischer Symptomatik, wurden innerhalb einer Woche nach erstmaligem ischamischem Hirninsult und im Mittel ein halbes Jahr spater ausfuhrlich neuropsychologisch untersucht. Demografische, klinische und paraklinische Parameter wurden als mogliche Risikofaktoren fur langfristige kognitive Beeintrachtigungen evaluiert. Auf Gruppenebene ergaben sich im zeitlichen Verlauf signifikante Verbesserungen in den meisten untersuchten kognitiven Domanen. Die starkste Leistungsverbesserung zeigte sich in der visuell-raumlichen Verarbeitung. Auf individueller Ebene waren unmittelbar nach dem Hirninsult 54,5 % der Patienten alltagsrelevant kognitiv beeintrachtigt (z-Wert < −2 in mindestens 2 kognitiven Domanen), zum Zeitpunkt der Folgeuntersuchung noch 16,7 %, wobei lediglich 2 Patienten (3 %) eine neu aufgetretene kognitive Beeintrachtigung im Sinne einer Post-Stroke-Demenz entwickelt hatten. Patienten, die sich kognitiv weniger gut verbesserten, hatten tendenziell eine pradiabetische Stoffwechsellage sowie Ischamien, die sich auf mehrere vaskulare Stromgebiete verteilten. Das Risiko, nach erstmaligem ischamischem Hirninsult langfristig persistierende kognitive Defizite von demenziellem Auspragungsgrad („Post-Stroke-Demenz“) zu entwickeln, scheint fur Schlaganfallpatienten ohne vorbestehende kognitive Beeintrachtigung und mit gering bis mittelgradiger Schlaganfallsymptomatik niedrig zu sein. Mogliche Risikofaktoren fur langfristige kognitive Beeintrachtigungen sind die Grose des Infarktareals sowie eine pramorbide (pra‑)diabetische Stoffwechsellage.
Intensive Care Unit Collaboration and Workflow in the Information Age

The intensive care unit (ICU) is a complex amalgam of physical and cognitive workflows of its various personnel. The ICU team is compiled of persons with widely varying scopes of practice, levels of experience, roles, and responsibilities. Basic categories of personnel include bedside nurse, charge nurse, resident, advanced practice provider, pharmacist, nutritionist, fellow, attending, and consultant. Together, team members must collaborate to learn about and stabilize the critically ill patient, diagnose clinical states, plan and execute treatment, and monitor illness and recovery. The disparate geography and workflow of each individual guarantees that communication between team members will be complex. Issues of collaboration, teamwork, communication, and workflow are therefore paramount.
Basis of Specificity for a Conserved and Promiscuous Chromatin Remodeling Protein

Abstract Eukaryotic genomes are organized dynamically through the repositioning of nucleosomes. Isw2 is an enzyme that has been previously defined as a genome-wide, non-specific nucleosome spacing factor. Here, we show that Isw2 instead acts as an obligately targeted nucleosome remodeler in vivo through physical interactions with sequence-specific factors. We demonstrate that Isw2-recruiting factors use small and previously uncharacterized epitopes, which direct Isw2 activity through highly conserved acidic residues in the Isw2 accessory protein Itc1. This interaction orients Isw2 on target nucleosomes, allowing for precise nucleosome positioning at targeted loci. Finally, we show that these critical acidic residues have been lost in the Drosophila lineage, potentially explaining the inconsistently characterized function of Isw2-like proteins. Altogether, these data suggest an “interacting barrier model” where Isw2 interacts with a sequence-specific factor to accurately and reproducibly position a single, targeted nucleosome to define the precise border of phased chromatin arrays.
A SARS-CoV-2 serological assay to determine the presence of blocking antibodies that compete for human ACE2 binding

As SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread around the world, there is an urgent need for new assay formats to characterize the humoral response to infection. Convalescent serum is being used for treatment and for isolation of patient-derived antibodies. However, currently there is not a simple means to estimate serum bulk neutralizing capability. Here we present an efficient competitive serological assay that can simultaneously determine an individual's seropositivity against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and estimate the neutralizing capacity of anti-Spike antibodies to block interaction with the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) required for viral entry. In this ELISA-based assay, we present natively-folded viral Spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD)-containing antigens via avidin-biotin interactions. Sera are then supplemented with soluble ACE2-Fc to compete for RBD-binding serum antibodies, and antibody binding quantified. Comparison of signal from untreated serum and ACE2-Fc-treated serum reveals the presence of antibodies that compete with ACE2 for RBD binding, as evidenced by loss of signal with ACE2-Fc treatment. In our test cohort of nine convalescent SARS-CoV-2 patients, we found all patients had developed anti-RBD antibodies targeting the epitope responsible for ACE2 engagement. This assay provides a simple and high-throughput method to screen patient sera for potentially neutralizing anti-Spike antibodies to enable identification of candidate sera for therapeutic use.
IL-21 from high-affinity CD4 T cells drives differentiation of brain-resident CD8 T cells during persistent viral infection

Development of tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8 T cells depends on CD4 T cells. In polyomavirus central nervous system infection, brain CXCR5hi PD-1hi CD4 T cells produce interleukin-21 (IL-21), and CD8 T cells lacking IL-21 receptors (IL21R−/−) fail to become bTRM. IL-21+ CD4 T cells exhibit elevated T cell receptor (TCR) affinity and higher TCR density. IL21R−/− brain CD8 T cells do not express CD103, depend on vascular CD8 T cells for maintenance, are antigen recall defective, and lack TRM core signature genes. CD4 T cell–deficient and IL21R−/− brain CD8 T cells show similar deficiencies in expression of genes for oxidative metabolism, and intrathecal delivery of IL-21 to CD4 T cell–depleted mice restores expression of electron transport genes in CD8 T cells to wild-type levels. Thus, high-affinity CXCR5hi PD-1hi CD4 T cells in the brain produce IL-21, which drives CD8 bTRM differentiation in response to a persistent viral infection.
Moral injury in health-care workers during COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic forces frontline health-care workers to make difficult medical decisions that may result in moral injury Understanding the extent to which physicians, nurses, and other health-care workers experience moral injury while working in a pandemic is of critical importance to establish preventative measures and trauma-informed treatment A national sample of health-care workers (n = 109) participated in the study The results of a multiple regression analysis indicated secondary traumatic stress was significantly associated with moral injury Contrary to existing literature, the role of burnout and compassion fatigue in this study was nonsignificant Mental health professionals may reduce treatment barriers by offering flexible sessions, nontraditional hours, and short-term interventions through tele-mental health platforms to support health-care workers experiencing trauma symptoms (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
The effect of analyst training on fecal egg counting variability

Fecal egg counts (FECs) are essential for veterinary parasite control programs. Recent advances led to the creation of an automated FEC system that performs with increased precision and reduces the need for training of analysts. However, the variability contributed by analysts has not been quantified for FEC methods, nor has the impact of training on analyst performance been quantified. In this study, three untrained analysts performed FECs on the same slides using the modified McMaster (MM), modified Wisconsin (MW), and the automated system with two different algorithms: particle shape analysis (PSA) and machine learning (ML). Samples were screened and separated into negative (no strongylid eggs seen), 1–200 eggs per gram of feces (EPG), 201–500 EPG, 501–1000 EPG, and 1001+ EPG levels, and ten repeated counts were performed for each level and method. Analysts were then formally trained and repeated the study protocol. Between analyst variability (BV), analyst precision (AP), and the proportion of variance contributed by analysts were calculated. Total BV was significantly lower for MM post-training (p = 0.0105). Additionally, AP variability and analyst variance both tended to decrease for the manual MM and MW methods. Overall, MM had the lowest BV both pre- and post-training, although PSA and ML were minimally affected by analyst training. This research illustrates not only how the automated methods could be useful when formal training is unavailable but also how impactful formal training is for traditional manual FEC methods.
Twist1 in T Lymphocytes Augments Kidney Fibrosis after Ureteral Obstruction

Background Twist1 is a basic helix-loop-helix domain–containing transcription factor that participates in diverse cellular functions, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the cellular immune response. Although Twist1 plays critical roles in the initiation and progression of kidney diseases, the effects of Twist1 in the T lymphocyte on the progression of renal fibrosis require elucidation. Methods 129/SvEv mice with a floxed allele for the gene encoding Twist1 or TNFα were bred with CD4-Cre mice to yield CD4-Cre+ Twist1flox/flox (Twist1-TKO) or CD4-Cre+ TNFflox/flox (TNF-TKO) mice with robust, but selective, deletion of Twist1 or TNFα mRNA in T cells, respectively. Twist1 TKO, TNF TKO, and WT controls underwent UUO with assessment of kidney fibrosis and T-cell phenotype at 14 days. Results Compared with WT controls, obstructed kidneys from Twist1 TKO mice had attenuated extracellular matrix deposition. Despite this diminished fibrosis, Twist1 TKO obstructed kidneys contained more CD8+ T cells than in WTs. These intrarenal CD8+ T cells exhibited greater activation and higher levels of TNFα expression than those from WT obstructed kidneys. Further, we found that selective deletion of TNFα from T cells exaggerated renal scar formation and injury after UUO, highlighting the capacity of T-cell TNF to constrain fibrosis in the kidney. Conclusions Twist1 in T cells promotes kidney fibrogenesis, in part, by curtailing the renal accumulation of TNF-elaborating T cells.
P72 Comparison of EFNEP Educators’ and Low-Income High School Teens’ Opinions of a Game-Based Nutrition and Physical Activity Curriculum

Background The Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) has provided limited education to teens. Thus, differences between educators’ and teens’ perceptions of lessons taught, particularly when a gamification approach is used, are not available. Objective To compare EFNEP educators’ and low-income, urban teens’ impressions of a classroom-based, nutrition and physical activity (PA) curriculum that utilized a gamification approach. Study Design, Settings, Participants The intervention, a 10-week EFNEP curriculum taught between 2018-2020, and interviews took place at Brimm High School in Camden, NJ. This was a comparative study inquiring the opinions of EFNEP educators’ and 9th-grade teen participants’ perceptions of the lessons taught. Researchers conducted semi-structured, 1-on-1, face-to-face interviews with the educators and teens (who attended over 80% of the lessons). Measurable Outcome/Analysis Two independent coders performed a thematic analysis of interview transcripts. Findings were discussed until both researchers reached a consensus. Results A high level of agreement was evidenced between the teens’ (n = 25) and EFNEP educators’ (n = 9) that gamified lessons prompted greater participation and engagement than other types of lessons. Educators presumed that 2 videos (a walk-indoors DVD featuring an adult cast and a sustainability video encouraging reduced red meat consumption and increased plant-based foods consumption) and a food safety lesson based on a cookout, would not be relatable to teens. However, the teens reported favorable knowledge and/or intention to change regarding their PA (75%) vegetable intake (40%), and food safety practices (>33%). The curriculum resulted in positive overall impacts regarding the teens’ PA (through the use of dance as PA), improved fast food choices, decreased intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, and improved snack choices. Conclusion Educators and teens valued gamified lessons as an effective educational approach for working with this age group; yet with regards to some lesson contents, educators appeared to be far more sensitive to potential issues than did the teens.
Conor the King. Yes, but Emulate the King?

In seeking to discern God’s will for their lives, top-echelon Christian leaders would do well to consider the biblical ideals embedded in the concept of kingship. The paper explores the biblical characteristics of the ideal king with the goal of identifying lessons for contemporary top-echelon leaders. It also reviews the connection between creation and kingship and the biblical concept of the Kingship of God, biblical guidance available in the selection, anointing and annual renewal of the king, and the duties and role of the king. It draws lessons regarding contemporary top-echelon Christian leaders in terms of personal traits, behaviors and relationships with the members of the communities or organizations they serve.
Cell Biology of Hydrochloric Acid Secretion

The sections in this article are: 1 Functional Morphology of The Oxyntic Cell 1.1 General Structure 1.2 Ultrastructure of Oxyntic Cells 1.3 Membrane Turnover and Recycling 1.4 Cytoskeleton of Oxyntic Cell 2 Receptors Regulating Oxyntic Cell Function 2.1 Techniques for Studying Gastric Glands and Cell Preparations 2.2 Studies of Receptor Specificity 2.3 Receptors on Nonoxyntic Cells 3 Cellular Basis of Hydrochloric Acid Secretion 3.1 H+-K+-ATPase: the Primary H+-Pump Enzyme 3.2 Membrane Changes Associated With Hydrochloric Acid Secretion 3.3 Hydrochloric Acid Transport at the Apical Cell Membrane 3.4 Transport at the Basolateral Membrane 3.5 Oxyntic Cell Transport Model 4 Cell-Activation Mechanisms 4.1 Oxyntic Cell Activation by Cyclic AMP 4.2 Prostaglandin Inhibition of Oxyntic Cell Function 4.3 Oxyntic Cell Activation by Calcium-Dependent Mechanisms
Signal conditioning electronics and packaging for the Alcator C-MOD tokamak

A design utilizing industry-standard EURO card packaging, connected via ribbon cable to a custom I/O backplane, accommodates the many different circuits to be used on Alcator C-MOD. The chassis approach eliminates packaging, powering, and mounting problems associated with one-of-a-kind circuits and allows dense packaging of multiple circuits. The separate I/O backplane allows easy removal and replacement of circuit cards, while leaving front panel space available for circuit-specific indicators. The DIN pin-and-socket connectors are considerably more robust and reliable than edge connectors. The pin-out allows up to four circuits per card, allowing up to eighty channels in one 5-1/2-in-tall, rack mountable chassis. A variety of general-purpose signal conditioning circuit cards was designed and built for engineering and diagnostic systems. Four channel circuits include low-drift integrators, analog multiplexers, temperature controllers, instrumentation amplifiers, transimpedance amplifiers, and an eight-pole Bessel filter for anti-aliasing applications. A two-channel card provides thermal electric cooler control. Fiber-optic interface is provided by an 8-b digital transceiver and an analog fiber-optic link. >
Noninfectious Mitral Annular Disruption: An Unusual Complication of a 25-Meter Fall.

A previously healthy 35-year-old man fell from a height of 25 meters while pruning a tree. His fall was somewhat slowed by the untrimmed tree branches. The ground impact focused on the right thorax and axilla, with resultant closed head injury, right clavicular fracture, and multiple right-sided rib fractures with pneumo- and hemothorax. Emergent tube thoracotomy, tracheotomy, and orthopedic interventions were conducted. The patient’s 10-day hospital course was notable for steady improvement, and, other than for a mild traumatic brain injury, he felt well on discharge. Prior to discharge, a loud holosystolic murmur, consistent with mitral regurgitation, was auscultated. The patient remained afebrile and there was no evidence of heart failure or systemic embolic phenomena. A transthoracic echocardiogram done during the admission was suggestive of severe mitral …
Initial Counseling Prior to Palliation for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Objective. Multiple surgical approaches to the initial palliation of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) have been advocated throughout the years. We sought to examine what procedure, if any, is recommended for HLHS management in regard to physician preference, anatomical variations, and concomitant medical issues. Patients and Methods. A Web-based survey of pediatric cardiologist subscribed to PediHeart was conducted. Outcome Measures. The types of palliation recommended (Norwood palliation, Sano modification, hybrid palliation, primary cardiac transplantation, or hospice care) for patients with HLHS with anatomic or comorbid variants were queried. Counseling provided by the physicians to families was also documented as regards survival and outcomes. Results. Two hundred physicians (21% female) who averaged 12.3 years removed from training responded to the survey. US East Coast and Midwest respondents were more likely to recommend Norwood palliation (54% and 60%, respectively) and the US South and West respondents preferred Sano modification (73% and 82%, respectively). Norwood or Sano palliation was recommended over hospice care, hybrid palliation, or cardiac transplant for patients with an intact atrial septum (P < 0.05), moderate to severe tricuspid regurgitation (P < 0.05), or low birth weight defined as less than 2 kg (P < 0.05). Hospice was preferred in low-birth-weight infants over hybrid palliation or cardiac transplantation (P < 0.05). Hospice was recommended over any other palliation for premature infants (less than 30 weeks gestation), chromosomal abnormalities, or end-organ dysfunction (P < 0.05). Conclusions. This survey demonstrates that different palliative options are primarily recommended by caretakers based upon institutional location and patient characteristics. Prospective comparative trials may force a rethinking of this approach over time.
Postnatal epigenetic regulation of intestinal stem cells requires DNA methylation and is guided by the microbiome

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism central to development and maintenance of complex mammalian tissues, but our understanding of its role in intestinal development is limited. We use whole genome bisulfite sequencing, and find that differentiation of mouse colonic intestinal stem cells to intestinal epithelium is not associated with major changes in DNA methylation. However, we detect extensive dynamic epigenetic changes in intestinal stem cells and their progeny during the suckling period, suggesting postnatal epigenetic development in this stem cell population. We find that postnatal DNA methylation increases at 3′ CpG islands (CGIs) correlate with transcriptional activation of glycosylation genes responsible for intestinal maturation. To directly test whether 3′ CGI methylation regulates transcription, we conditionally disrupted two major DNA methyltransferases, Dnmt1 or Dnmt3a, in fetal and adult intestine. Deficiency of Dnmt1 causes severe intestinal abnormalities in neonates and disrupts crypt homeostasis in adults, whereas Dnmt3a loss was compatible with intestinal development. These studies reveal that 3′ CGI methylation is functionally involved in the regulation of transcriptional activation in vivo, and that Dnmt1 is a critical regulator of postnatal epigenetic changes in intestinal stem cells. Finally, we show that postnatal 3′ CGI methylation and associated gene activation in intestinal epithelial cells are significantly altered by germ-free conditions. Our results demonstrate that the suckling period is critical for epigenetic development of intestinal stem cells, with potential important implications for lifelong gut health, and that the gut microbiome guides and/or facilitates these postnatal epigenetic processes.
Systematic study of the structure-property relationship of a series of ferrocenyl nonlinear optical chromophores.

A series of novel nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores 1−4 incorporating the ferrocenyl (Fc) group as an electron donor and 2-dicyanomethylene-3-cyano-4-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran (TCF) derivatives as electron acceptors are presented. The use of a constant Fc donor and varied acceptors and bridges makes it possible to systematically determine the contribution of the conjugated bridge and the acceptor strength to chromophore nonlinear optical activity. The X-ray crystal structures of all four chromophores allow for the systematic investigation of the structure−property relationship for this class of molecules. For example, the crystal structures reveal that both cyclopentadienyl groups in the ferrocenyl donor contribute to the electron donating ability. The first-order hyperpolarizabilities β of these chromophores, measured by hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) relative to p-nitroaniline are reported. These β values are compared to those calculated by density functional theory (DFT). The excellent agreement betw...
A Theoretical model of the perimenopausal process

Abstract The purpose of this qualitative investigation was to generate theory grounded in the responses of perimenopausal women about the process of menopause. A purposive sample of 12 perimenopausal women was interviewed to discover the menopausal process. Data were generated from interviews, two-month daily logs, and field notes. A substantive theory of Integrating a Changing Me identified the perimenopausal process. which included four categories: Tuning Into Me, My Body and Moods, which described the awareness of physical and emotional changes that initiated the beginnings of menopause; Facing a Paradox of Feelings, which reflected the thoughts, perceptions, and feelings experienced by perimenopausal women; Contrasting Impressions, which described the assimilation of information and the formulation of the woman's own personal meaning; and Making Adjustments, which included changes made by the women in response to this process. Implications for health care and education of perimenopausal women are discussed.
On rationalism and optimality: Responses to the Miller and Nevin Commentaries

Abstract Modern materialist rationalism is the doctrine that principles governing behaviorally important aspects of the world have become implicit in the structure of purpose-specific information-processing mechanisms through evolution by natural selection. These principles are mostly, but not entirely mathematical. Because the evolutionary process tends to optimize, the computations performed by these mechanisms tend to approximate the optimal computation. This doctrine does not imply that animals always make rational and/or optimal choices.