cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new front in cell invasion: The invadopodial membrane

Invadopodia are F-actin-rich membrane protrusions that breach basement membrane barriers during cell invasion. Since their discovery more than 30 years ago, invadopodia have been extensively investigated in cancer cells in vitro, where great advances in understanding their composition, formation, cytoskeletal regulation, and control of the matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP trafficking have been made. In contrast, few studies examining invadopodia have been conducted in vivo, leaving their physiological regulation unclear. Recent live-cell imaging and gene perturbation studies in C. elegans have revealed that invadopodia are formed with a unique invadopodial membrane, defined by its specialized lipid and associated protein composition, which is rapidly recycled through the endolysosome. Here, we provide evidence that the invadopodial membrane is conserved and discuss its possible functions in traversing basement membrane barriers. Discovery and examination of the invadopodial membrane has important implications in understanding the regulation, assembly, and function of invadopodia in both normal and disease settings.
Blinatumomab-induced donor T-cell activation for post-stem cell transplant-relapsed acute CD19-positive biphenotypic leukemia

Post-stem cell transplantation (SCT) relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has extremely poor prognosis with median survival of less than 1 year. Donor lymphocyte infusion, second transplantation, chemotherapy or cytokine treatment have been tried as a salvage regimen without significant clinical benefit. Recently, blinatumomab, a bispecific monoclonal antibody targeting CD3-expressing T cells and CD19-expressing B-cell lineage malignant cells demonstrated promising outcomes in relapsed/refractory ALL patients. Literature on blinatumomab use in biphenotypic ALL along with Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) ALL is limited. We report a case of post-SCT relapsed CD19 expressing biphenotypic lymphoblastic leukemia patient who achieved complete remission after blinatumomab treatment and has lasting remission for 1 year.
Evaluation of the accuracy of an offline seasonally-varying matrix transport model for simulating ideal age

Abstract Newton–Krylov solvers for ocean tracers have the potential to greatly decrease the computational costs of spinning up deep-ocean tracers, which can take several thousand model years to reach equilibrium with surface processes. One version of the algorithm uses offline tracer transport matrices to simulate an annual cycle of tracer concentrations and applies Newton’s method to find concentrations that are periodic in time. Here we present the impact of time-averaging the transport matrices on the equilibrium values of an ideal-age tracer. We compared annually-averaged, monthly-averaged, and 5-day-averaged transport matrices to an online simulation using the ocean component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) with a nominal horizontal resolution of 1° × 1° and 60 vertical levels. We found that increasing the time resolution of the offline transport model reduced a low age bias from 12% for the annually-averaged transport matrices, to 4% for the monthly-averaged transport matrices, and to less than 2% for the transport matrices constructed from 5-day averages. The largest differences were in areas with strong seasonal changes in the circulation, such as the Northern Indian Ocean. For many applications the relatively small bias obtained using the offline model makes the offline approach attractive because it uses significantly less computer resources and is simpler to set up and run.
Howard Schachman (1918–2016)

Howard Schachman, renowned physical chemist and protein chemist, professor at the University of California, Berkeley, extraordinary teacher, and a lifetime fighter for civil liberties, died on August 5 in Oakland California at age 97 from complications of pneumonia. Schachman’s active career spanned fundamental work on virus structure, the development of the analytical ultracentrifuge and its use to measure size and shape of proteins, and incisive understanding on how enzymes control their activity.
Intention and Moral Enhancement.

Recently philosophers have proposed a wide variety of interventions referred to as ‘moral enhancements’. Some of these interventions are concerned with helping individuals make more informed decisions; others, however, are designed to compel people to act as the intervener sees fit. Somewhere between these two extremes lie interventions designed to direct an agent's attention either towards morally relevant issues – hat-hanging – or away from temptations to do wrong – hat-hiding. I argue that these interventions fail to constitute genuine moral enhancement because, although they may result in more desirable outcomes – more altruism, more law-following, and/or less self-destructive behavior, they ignore a person's intentions, and often what makes an action right or wrong is the intent behind it.
Huxley and Reproduction

The story opens in a familiar way. We are led into a realm both recognizable (central London) and alien (a hatchery and conditioning center, according to the sign above the entrance). It is not immediately clear how we got here. There is a guide to this nightmarish domain, as in the Inferno. Here, though, the role of Virgil is being played by a bureaucratic director talking about human ova and gametes.
Increased Risk of Non-Relapse Mortality within One Year after Autologous Stem Cell Transplant in Older Adults with Lymphoma.

The risk of early mortality after high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is generally less than 5%. However, this mortality rate is often determined by deaths that occur while hospitalized or within 60–100 days of ASCT. We queried our long-term follow-up database to determine non-relapse mortality (NRM) for patients with lymphoma within 1 year of ASCT. From 1/1/99 to 3/30/04 we treated 317 evaluable lymphoma patients with busulfan 14mg/kg, VP-16 60 mg/kg, and cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg followed by ASCT. Of these 317 patients, 21 (6.6%) had NRM within 1 year of ASCT. There were no significant differences between the 296 patients who did not die of NRM and the 21 who did with regard to diagnosis of non-Hodgkin versus Hodgkin lymphoma, exposure to radiation therapy, exposure to rituximab, stage, and disease status at the time of ASCT. However, the median age of the 21 patients who died of NRM was 56 years compared to 49 years in the 296 who did not (p = 0.003). Of the 21 patients who died of NRM, 13 (62%) died of pulmonary complications. Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was listed as the cause of death (COD) in 5 patients, but nearly all patients died at other institutions limiting our ability to confirm COD. Pneumonia was the COD in 5 patients and pulmonary toxicity was the COD in 2 patients. We routinely screen patients with pulmonary function tests including DLCO before and approximately 42 days after ASCT. There was no significant decrease in the median pre-ASCT and the post-ASCT DLCO in either the whole cohort of patients dying of NRM or the 13 patients dying of pulmonary complications. The 8 patients with NRM, but not pulmonary complications, died of various causes including cardiac tamponade, sepsis/multi-system organ failure, cirrhosis, renal failure, and secondary malignancy. The median time from ASCT to NRM was 146 days (range 45 to 287 days). Thus, lymphoma patients remain at risk for NRM for several months after ASCT. Older patients are at particular risk. The most common COD is pulmonary failure that cannot be predicted by screening pulmonary function tests. The cause of the pulmonary failure is uncertain. Busulfan may cause pulmonary toxicity, but the dose in this series of patients is relatively low and we have not seen similar pulmonary complications in 95 patients (median age 52 years) with myeloma treated with the combination of busulfan 16 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide 120mg/kg.
Is Indonesia a Model for the Arab Spring? Islam, Democracy, and Diplomacy*

As protestors filled Tahrir Square in Cairo in January 2011, Western diplomats, academics, and political pundits were searching for the best political analogy for the promise—and problems—for the Arab Uprising. Whereas neoconservative skeptics fretted that Egypt and Tunisia might go the way of post-revolutionary Iran, Hillary Clinton and Madeleine Albright praised Indonesia's democratization as the ideal model for the Arab Spring. During her 2009 visit to Indonesia, Clinton proclaimed: “if you want to know whether Islam, democracy, modernity, and women's rights can coexist, go to Indonesia.” Certainly Indonesia of May 1998 is not Egypt of January 2011, yet some comparisons are instructive. Still reeling from the Asian financial crisis of 1997, middle class Indonesians were fed up with corruption, cronyism, and a military that operated with impunity.
Investigation of system parameter sensitivity of bulk current injection testing

Non–intrusive injection of high frequency signals onto wire structures using a toroidal current probe is investigated. The effect of toroid position, line geometry and termination impedance on load current is discussed. A mathematical relationship between the toroid input power and the load current is developed. A comparison of theoretical and measured results is included.
A Glossary of Lean Terms

"Lean" has been defined as the "relentless pursuit of the elimination of waste." This technical note provides a glossary of terms concerning Lean implementation, including muda, muri, nura, kanban, andon board, SMED, poka-yoke, 5S, gemba, takt time, heijunka, and kaizen.
Authority and Universalism: Conventional Values in Descriptive Catalog Code

Every standard embodies a particular set of values. Some aspects are privileged while others are masked. Values embedded within knowledge organization standards have special import in that they are further perpetuated by the data they are used to generate. Within libraries, descriptive catalog codes serve as prominent knowledge organization standards, guiding the creation of resource representations. Though the historical and functional aspects of these standards have received significant attention, less focus has been placed on the values associated with such codes. In this study, a critical, historical analysis of ten Anglo- American descriptive catalog codes and surrounding discourse was conducted as an initial step towards uncovering key values associated with this lineage of standards. Two values in particular were found to be highly significant: authority and universalism. Authority is closely tied to notions of power and control, particularly over practice or belief. Increasing control over resources, identities, and viewpoints are all manifestations of the value of authority within descriptive codes. Universalism has guided the widening coverage of descriptive codes in regards to settings and materials, such as the extension of bibliographic standards to non-book resources. Together, authority and universalism represent conventional values focused on facilitating orderly social exchanges. A comparative lack of emphasis on values concerning human welfare and empowerment may be unsurprising, but raises questions concerning the role of human values in knowledge organization standards. Further attention to the values associated with descriptive codes and other knowledge organization standards is important as libraries and other institutions seek to share their resource representation data more widely.
Automated ovarian follicular monitoring: A novel real-time approach

Ovarian follicular monitoring is an essential diagnostic tool in obstetrics and gynecology to evaluate ovarian reserve and to estimate follicular and ovarian response to fertility treatment. Given the significant time requirement, inconvenience measuring follicles and estimating follicular development during multiple examinations, and variable results of different clinicians performing monitoring, complete automation of follicular monitoring is necessary. Computerized follicle detection is currently either semi-automated or has low performance due to limiting factors: (1) noise, (2) detecting multiple follicles very close to each other as one follicle region without finding the boundary of individual follicles, and (3) not being fast enough to be used in real-time clinical practice. To overcome these limitations, we handle noise by singular value decomposition based image compression followed by an anisotropic diffusion scheme for multiplicative speckle, and detect follicles by performing different segmentation techniques depending on features of the image (such as pixel intensity level) and features of the detected follicle areas (such as roundness). This approach allows for rapid identification and measurement of individual follicles with the ability to differentiate between the borders of adjacent follicles and the boundary between the follicle and ovarian stroma.
RELATIONS BETWEEN TISSUE FLUID AND LYMPH IN THE LUNGS: THE MACROSCOPIC ORGANIZATION OF THE INTERSTITIUM

Publisher Summary In the course of evolution, the interstitial tissue of complex organs developed as two compartments in series: (1) the interstitium immediately adjacent to the parenchymal cells and (2) the loose connective tissue surrounding large clusters of cells. Lymphatic vessels are limited to the latter compartment. The loose connective tissue spaces serve as sumps for fluid draining from the alveolar wall—perimicrovascular—space during interstitial pulmonary edema. These anatomically defined interstitial spaces of the lung are also functionally different in terms of their relationship with alveolar pressure. The effectiveness of the loose connective tissue compartment as a sump requires that the pressure there be less than that of the alveolar wall interstitium and that the distensibility of the loose connective tissue space is greater than that of the alveolar wall interstitium. Thus, substantial amounts of fluid can accumulate without raising tissue fluid hydrostatic pressure to high levels. This chapter illustrates the general concept of two interstitial compartments arranged in series. The parenchymal cells are bathed by their own microvascular filtrate, which slowly seeps into the surrounding loose connective tissue where the lymphatic vessels are located.
Calibration of the Pseudo-Reaction-Zone model for detonation wave propagation

An approach for the calibration of an advanced programmed burn (PB) model for detonation performance calculations in high explosive systems is detailed. Programmed burn methods split the detonation...
A View Through the VISOR Lens

This chapter analyses three case studies of digital business models through the VISOR framework. We pick these companies as they are in relatively mature industries (athletic shoes, car rental, and healthcare) and articulate how they have changed their business models by taking advantage of digital platforms in an evolving environment. The VISOR framework helps to systematically examine and assess the many facets of those digital models allowing better analysis and an articulated unified framework that managers from different functional areas can discuss with a common language whether they are from marketing, operations, technology, or finance. In general, the three cases illustrate how these companies have been innovative and capitalized on new technological developments:
Coverage, Connectivity, and Deployment in Wireless Sensor Networks

Recent years have witnessed successful real-world deployments of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in a wide range of civil and military applications. Sensing coverage and network connectivity are two of the most fundamental issues to ensure effective environmental sensing and robust data communication in a WSN application. This chapter presents fundamental studies on the sensing coverage and the network connectivity from mathematical modeling, theoretical analysis, and performance evaluation perspectives. Both lattice WSNs that follow a pattern-based deployment strategy and random WSNs that follow a random deployment strategy are considered. The aim of this chapter is to deliver a systematic study on the fundamental problems in WSNs and provide guidelines in selecting critical network parameters for WSN design and implementation in practice.
Debonding characteristics of adhesively bonded woven Kevlar composites

The fatigue damage mechanism of an adhesively bonded joint between fabric reinforced composite adherends was investigated with cracked-lap-shear specimens. Two bonded systems were studied: fabric Kevlar 49/5208 epoxy adherends bonded together with either EC 3445 or FM-300 adhesive. For each bonded system, two specimen geometries were tested. In all specimens tested, fatigue damage occurred in the form of cyclic debonding; however, the woven Kevlar specimens gave significantly slower debond growth rates and higher fracture toughness than previously found in the nonwoven adherend specimens. The surfaces for the woven adherends were not smooth; rather, they had regular crests (high spots) and troughs (low spots) due to the weave pattern. Radiographs of the specimens and examination of their failure surfaces revealed that fiber bridging occurred between the crests of the two adherends in the debonded region. The observed improvements in debond growth resistance and static fracture toughness are attributed to this bridging.
A simple and reliable assimilation test for the identification of candida species.

A relatively simple, reliable, and easily readable assimilation test is described. The usefulness of assimilation vs. fermentation patterns for identification was determined for the seven strains of Candida most frequently isolated from clinical specimens. C. albicans, C. stellatoidea, C. krusei, and C. guilliermondii could be identified easily by means of the assimilation test alone. C. albicans and C. parakrusei had identical assimilation patterns and required either chlamydospore production or fermentation tests for differentiation. C. tropicalis could be identified readily by sugar fermentation alone. The ability to assimilate cellobiose is peculiar to the latter species, but is not found in all strains.
Profile and Strategies of Women who Have Ended Abuse

In this study of survivors who have successfully ended abuse by a spouse, the authors present a profile of survivors' personal and abuse histories, describe strategies used to end abuse, and report...
Nuclei in the Exhaust of a Jet Engine

Surveys were made of condensation nuclei, freezing nuclei, and water vapor concentrations in the exhaust wake of an F80 jet aircraft. Condensation nuclei concentrations were found to be maximum in a region of 50 to 75 ft aft of the tailpipe, with secondary maxima appearing at approximately 150 ft. No freezing nuclei were found, although observations indicated the possibility that they were present but inhibited by exhaust constituents.
Rigor and Assessment in the Classroom

Learn how to assess students in a way that truly impacts learning. In Rigor and Assessment in the Classroom, bestselling author Barbara R. Blackburn provides a broad range of practical strategies for increasing the rigor and usefulness of your formative and summative assessments. You’ll discover how to… Create an environment where students are expected to learn at high levels; Evaluate and check student learning in a way that ensures growth; Strengthen the validity and reliability of your assessments; Plan assessments in conjunction with planning the instruction; Differentiate assessments to increase the rigor for all students; Enhance the effectiveness of your grading system and feedback; Use performance-based assessment to enhance rigor; and Design clear, reader-friendly rubrics and scoring guides. Each chapter includes ready-to-use tools, examples across the subject areas, and "Think About It" questions to help you reflect on what you’ve read. Many of the tools are also offered as free eResources at www.routledge.com/9781138936140, so you can easily print and distribute them for classroom use.
Patent Foramen Ovale in Cryptogenic Stroke and Migraine with Aura: Does Size Matter?

Introduction: There is an association between cryptogenic strokes and patent foramen ovale (PFO), as well as between migraines with aura and PFO. The purpose of the current study was to compare shunt characteristics in the stroke and migraine populations. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the degree of the shunt in 68 consecutive patients with cryptogenic stroke (n=33) or migraines with aura (n=35) evaluated in a single transcranial Doppler laboratory. All patients underwent an intravenous injection of agitated saline, followed by the insonation of the middle cerebral artery to determine the degree of the right-to-left shunt. We graded the shunt size according to the number of emboli: Grade I, none; Grade II, 1-10; Grade III, 11-100; and Grade IV, >100. Grades I and II were considered low-grade shunts, and Grades III and IV were considered high-grade. Results: In the 14-month study period, we found 31 high-grade shunts and 37 low-grade shunts. Among migraines with aura patients, 27 (77%) had high-grade shunts, whereas only 4 patients (12%) with cryptogenic stroke had high-grade shunts. These percentages were significantly different between groups (Fisher’s exact test, p<0.0001). Conclusions: In a standardized laboratory using uniform methods, we found a significant difference in shunt size associated with PFO between cryptogenic stroke and migraine with aura patients. We hypothesize that in migraines with aura, venous admixture with arterial blood is the main mechanism by which PFO contributes to the condition. In contrast, cryptogenic strokes associated with PFO are more likely to arise from an atrial septal clot within the PFO space.
Bornological Coderivative and Subdifferential Calculus in Smooth Banach Spaces

In this paper, we study bornological generalized differential properties of sets with nonsmooth boundaries, nonsmooth functions, and set-valued mappings in smooth Banach spaces. We establish a fuzzy intersection rule for bornological normal cones and develop fuzzy calculus for bornological generalized differential constructions as well as exact calculus for the limiting counterparts of these constructions.
Preliminary Demonstration of Ultra Compact Pico Projector with Micro-Pixellated GaN LED Imager

Preliminary demonstration of ultra-compact pico-projector with micro-pixellated GaN LED imager was given. With 1.5cm3 projection lens, projector size of around 2 cm3 was achieved. The micro-pixellated LED imager featuring high luminance and collimating beams make this type of pico-projector ultra-compact and high brightness potentially.
PuMA: a papillomavirus genome annotation tool

ABSTRACT High-throughput sequencing technologies provide unprecedented power to identify novel viruses from a wide variety of (environmental) samples. The field of ‘viral metagenomics’ has dramatically expanded our understanding of viral diversity. Viral metagenomic approaches imply that many novel viruses will not be described by researchers who are experts on the genomic organization of that virus. There is a need to develop analytical approaches to reconstruct, annotate, and classify viral genomes. We have developed the papillomavirus annotation tool (PuMA) to provide researchers with a convenient and reproducible method to annotate novel papillomaviruses. PuMA provides an accessible method for automated papillomavirus genome annotation. PuMA currently has a 98% accuracy when benchmarked against the 481 reference genomes in the papillomavirus episteme (PaVE). Finally, PuMA was used to annotate 168 newly isolated papillomaviruses, and successfully annotated 1424 viral features. To demonstrate its general applicability, we developed a version of PuMA that can annotate polyomaviruses. PuMA is available on GitHub (https://github.com/KVD-lab/puma) and through the iMicrobe online environment (https://www.imicrobe.us/#/apps/puma)
User engagement in social media - empirical results from Facebook

Theory building and better understanding of user engagement behaviour are fundamental to developing future approaches and effective organisational deployment of social media technologies. Based on the theory of reasoned action (TRA), predictors of intention to engage on social media sites were empirically examined with 389 users of Facebook - the most popular online social media site. Our results suggest that perceived value, social presence, interactivity, and trustworthiness are positively related to the user's attitude towards social media. The research model shows promise for use by managers and organisations to predict and understand the usage of social media in a target population.
Phase II Trial of Concurrent Atezolizumab With Chemoradiation for Unresectable NSCLC.

Abstract Introduction Consolidation durvalumab after chemoradiation (CRT) is the current standard of care for locally advanced NSCLC. We hypothesized that adding immunotherapy concurrently with CRT (cCRT) would increase efficacy without additive toxicity. Methods This phase II study was conducted in two parts. Part 1 (n = 10) involved administration of conventionally fractionated CRT followed by consolidation chemotherapy (atezolizumab [two cycles] and maintenance atezolizumab up to 1 y). Part 2 (n = 30) involved administration of cCRT with atezolizumab followed by the same consolidation and maintenance therapies as in part 1. Programmed cell death ligand-1 staining cutoffs (1% or 50%) using Dako 22C3 immunohistochemistry were correlated with clinical outcomes. Results The overall toxicities for part 1/2 were overall adverse events of grade 3 and above of 80%/80%; immune-related adverse events of grade 3 and above of 30%/20%; and pneumonitis of grade 2 and above of 10%/16%, respectively. In part 1, for preliminary efficacy results, with a median follow-up of 22.5 months, the median progression-free survival was 18.6 months, and the overall survival was 22.8 months. In part 2, with a median follow-up time of 15.1 months, the median progression-free survival was 13.2 months, and the overall survival was not reached. There was no difference in cancer recurrence regardless of programmed cell death ligand-1 status. Conclusions Atezolizumab with cCRT is safe and feasible and has no added toxicities compared with historical rates.
SlimGuard: A Secure and Memory-Efficient Heap Allocator

Attacks on the heap are an increasingly severe threat. State-of-the-art secure dynamic memory allocators can offer protection, however their memory footprint is high, making them suboptimal in many situations. We introduce Slim-Guard, a secure allocator whose design is driven by memory efficiency. Among other features, SlimGuard uses an efficient fine-grain size classes indexing mechanism and implements a novel dynamic canary scheme. It offers a low memory overhead due its size classes optimized for canary usage, its on-demand metadata allocation, and the combination of randomized allocations and over-provisioning into a single memory efficient security feature. SlimGuard protects against widespread heap-related attacks such as overflows, over-reads, double/invalid free, and use-after-free. Evaluation over a wide range of applications shows that it offers a significant reduction in memory consumption compared to the state-of-the-art secure allocator (up to 2x in macro-benchmarks), while offering similar or better security guarantees and good performance.
Community-based Screening and Referrals for Autism

The average diagnosis of autism in the United States is after 4 years of age, even though a reliable diagnosis can be obtained as early as 2 years of age. Early identification of autism can help fa...
Intranasal Insulin: a Treatment Strategy for Addiction

Addiction to substances such as alcohol, cocaine, opioids, and methamphetamine poses a continuing clinical and public challenge globally. Despite progress in understanding substance use disorders, challenges remain in their treatment. Some of these challenges include limited ability of therapeutics to reach the brain (blood–brain barrier), adverse systemic side effects of current medications, and importantly key aspects of addiction not addressed by currently available treatments (such as cognitive impairment). Inability to sustain abstinence or seek treatment due to cognitive deficits such as poor decision-making and impulsivity is known to cause poor treatment outcomes. In this review, we provide an evidenced-based rationale for intranasal drug delivery as a viable and safe treatment modality to bypass the blood–brain barrier and target insulin to the brain to improve the treatment of addiction. Intranasal insulin with improvement of brain cell energy and glucose metabolism, stress hormone reduction, and improved monoamine transmission may be an ideal approach for treating multiple domains of addiction including memory and impulsivity. This may provide additional benefits to enhance current treatment approaches.
Prediction of vestibular schwannoma recurrence using artificial neural network

Author(s): Abouzari, Mehdi; Goshtasbi, Khodayar; Sarna, Brooke; Khosravi, Pooya; Reutershan, Trevor; Mostaghni, Navid; Lin, Harrison W; Djalilian, Hamid R | Abstract: ObjectivesTo compare two statistical models, namely logistic regression and artificial neural network (ANN), in prediction of vestibular schwannoma (VS) recurrence.MethodsSeven hundred eighty-nine patients with VS diagnosis completed an online survey. Potential predictors for recurrence were derived from univariate analysis by reaching the cut off P value of .05. Those nine potential predictors were years since treatment, surgeon's specialty, resection amount, and having incomplete eye closure, dry eye, double vision, facial pain, seizure, and voice/swallowing problem as a complication following treatment. Multivariate binary logistic regression model was compared with a four-layer 9-5-10-1 feedforward backpropagation ANN for prediction of recurrence.ResultsThe overall recurrence rate was 14.5%. Significant predictors of recurrence in the regression model were years since treatment and resection amount (both P l .001). The regression model did not show an acceptable performance (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.64; P = .27). The regression model's sensitivity and specificity were 44% and 69%, respectively and correctly classified 56% of cases. The ANN showed a superior performance compared to the regression model (AUC = 0.79; P = .001) with higher sensitivity (61%) and specificity (81%), and correctly classified 70% of cases.ConclusionThe constructed ANN model was superior to logistic regression in predicting patient-answered VS recurrence in an anonymous survey with higher sensitivity and specificity. Since artificial intelligence tools such as neural networks can have higher predictive abilities compared to logistic regression models, continuous investigation into their utility as complementary clinical tools in predicting certain surgical outcomes is warranted.
Comparing Outcomes Between Thiazide Diuretics and Other First-line Antihypertensive Drugs in Long-term Nursing Home Residents.

Abstract Purpose Hypertension occurs in >50% of US nursing home (NH) residents, but it is unclear which antihypertensive classes offer the best balance of benefits and risks in this population. The objectives of this study were to describe the patterns of antihypertensive medication treatment in this population, focusing on thiazide diuretics, and to determine the association between thiazide diuretics (DIURs) and outcomes important to NH patients. Methods This observational cohort study was conducted in long-term NH residents treated for hypertension in the second quarter (Q2) of 2013, from all US NHs. The primary exposure was the frequency of use of antihypertensive treatment class (DIURs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs], calcium channel blockers, and β-blockers) according to Medicare Part D dispensing data. Because DIUR-related urinary symptoms were a focus, residents receiving nonthiazide diuretics were excluded. We ascertained continued medication use by class from Q2 to Q4 of 2013, and ascertained 6-month incontinence and hospitalization using data from Medicare claims and the Minimum Data Set. Findings Of 152,902 NH residents treated for hypertension, 52.2% were treated with β-blockers (22% as a single agent), 39.7% with calcium channel blockers (14% as a single agent), 38.8% with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (14% as a single agent), 14.2% with DIURs (2% as a single agent), and 13.2% with ARBs (4% as a single agent). Overall, 55.1% were treated with 1 drug; 33.2%, with 2 drugs; and 11.8%, with 3 or more drugs. From Q2 to Q4, DIURs were more likely to have been discontinued than any other class (19.4% vs 14.1%–16.1% for each of the other 4 classes; all, p Implications In 2013, long-term NH residents treated for hypertension were least likely to receive, more likely to discontinue, and less likely to start a new DIUR than any other first-line antihypertensive medication. DIURs were not associated with increased incontinence or hospitalization, so in the absence of indications for other drugs, DIURs may be a reasonable first-line choice for hypertension treatment in this population.
The distributions of enteric nervous and smooth muscles in hunma Meckel's diverticulum

Objective To investigate the pathologic changes of enteric nerves and smooth muscle cells of Meckel's diverticulum,and its relationship to the complications.Methods Full thickness samples were obtained from 44 patients during operation on Meckel's diverticulitis between January 2004 and July 2006.The intestines from newborns that died from causes unrelated to gastrointestinal or nervous system diseases were selected as controls.All specimens were stained with haematoxylin and eosin(HE)and SABC immunohistochemistry.Results There was no significant difference in the density of mesenteric nerve plexus between the two groups(P＞0.05).The reduction of ganglionic cells and average long axis of mesenteric nerve plexus with an increasing of mean optical density were observed on Meckel's diverticulitis.There were negative correlation of the average area of mesenteric plexus with the mean optical absorbance(r=-0.215,P＜0.05),which was obvious in specimens of diverticulitis with ectopic gastric mucosa.A remarkable decrease in staining intensity of α-SMA was mainly observed on the hypertrophic circular muscular layer of Meckel's diverticulitis.The alteration patterns of mesenteric ganglionic plexus were markedly reduced at intestine more than 5 cm apart from the(diverticulum,but the circular muscle was still hypertrophy with a decrease inα-SMA expression.Conclusions The authors consider that the alternations of enteric nerves and smooth muscles might contribute to the pathogenesis of Meckel's diverticulitis. Key words: Meckel's dirverticulum; Smooth muscle cells; Enteric nervous system
God’s Holy Ordinance

In this article, I argue that the church must build up its theology of marriage in a more disciplined manner because the culture no longer sustains the Christian notion. In making a substantive argument I rely on the Lutheran “two ways that God reigns” approach in which we share “places of responsibility” with all humans, but in which the Christian virtues of faith, love, and hope transform those places into genuine Christian callings. I then contend strongly for the continued rejection of same-sex marriage among orthodox Christians. I conclude with what I hope is a compassionate pastoral approach—gracious tolerance—toward homosexual Christians.
Natural Products as PI3K/ Akt Inhibitors: Implications in Preventing Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the prominent forms of cancer in developed countries. Incidence of HCC is well correlated with fatty liver disease and cirrhosis; the underlying chronic inflammation and lipotoxicity are thought to drive the process of HCC. Several biochemical cycles and molecular pathways are associated with the carcinogenesis of the liver, of which the PI3K/Akt signaling is a common converging point. Objective The review aims to provide a summary on the role of PI3K/Akt signaling and its downstream effectors in the development of HCC and its progression. Further, the emphasis has been given to the role of natural inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt pathway in HCC prevention, which are under various levels of drug discovery. Methods The required literature were collected from PubMed/Medline databases, as well as Scopus or Web of science. Results It is evident that various signaling pathways activated by growth factors together with detoxification machinery and biochemical cycles converge to the PI3K/Akt signaling. The pathway plays a key role in the carcinogenesis, metastasis and drug resistance events of HCC cells and provides the growth and survival advantage. Natural products belonging to various classes such as terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins and stilbenoids are proven inhibitors of PI3K signaling and also found to inhibit HCC progression. Conclusion PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibitors, especially, the different phytochemicals are emerged as promising as antiHCC agents. These molecules are shown to interfere with the PI3K signaling at various stages and therefore the PI3K targeted drugs may be a future for the chemotherapeutic arena.
Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Renal Function in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography.

Background Cardiac catheterizations and coronary angiography are minimally invasive methods for studying the heart and the coronary arteries, using iodinated radiocontrast agents which can cause acute kidney injury (AKI). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) are widely used due to their well-established benefit in coronary artery disease and renal protection in diabetes mellitus. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors can induce AKI in some patients. Method This study analyzed the effect of radiocontrast media used for coronary angiography on renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 2-5 who also took ACE inhibitors/ARB medications. Information was collected from the electronic medical records of 116 cases to determine changes in serum creatinine following angiography. Result: The average age of patients was 65.2 ± 12.3 years. There were 89 men (76.7%) and 27 women (23.3%). Six patients had documented ACE inhibitor discontinuation, and one patient had documented ARB discontinuation prior to their procedures. Based on the criteria of an increase in serum creatinine (SCr) by ≥0.3 mg/dl within 48 hours, 19 cases (16.4%) had AKI. Based on the criteria of increasing in SCr to ≥ 1.5 times baseline, AKI developed in 2 cases (1.7%) on day 1, 4 cases (3.5%) on day 2, and 7 cases (6.0%) on day 3 after coronary angiography. Conclusion This study suggests that the continuation of ACE inhibitors/ARB does not appear to have any important effect or association with changes in renal function, within one-month post angiography in patients with CKD stages 2-5.
Summary of the Science Underlying the Conclusion that “Crowd Out” Is a Serious Problem and Accommodative Monetary Policy Can Offset It

This chapter summarizes the tests undertaken in Chapters 10– 24 to determine if crowd out exits, and if so, how best to scientifically measure the extent to which changes in loanable funds, or reasonable variants of loanable funds, can offset crowd out and which appear to work best. The chapter concludes changes in total loanable funds best the extent to which the negative effects of crowd out on the economy can be offset.
Translation equivalent but different, impossible but necessary, interlingual or intercultural: conceptualizing translation

In this study I will try to outline a common emancipatory program for the politically-engaged translator based on the work of these thinkers. We will pay special attention to the counter-hegemonic potential of translation as developed by our authors and to the concept of “constellation” advanced by Santos in his works. Another chief concern will be to explore the divide between these two different concepts of translation (interlingual and “cultural”), trying to answer several pressing questions. Can these different notions be unified in such a way that the insights from these thinkers can be reconciled with mainstream translation theory? Do we run the risk of diluting the concept of translation to such an extent, in this constant conceptual broadening, that it ceases to have any solid foundation?
Impact of COVID-19 'Stay Home, Stay Healthy' Orders on Function among Older Adults Participating in a Community-Based, Behavioral Intervention Study.

Background: Early mitigation orders for COVID-19 halted participation in community-based programs. We examined the early impact of "Stay Home, Stay Healthy" orders on functioning in older adults participating in a behavioral intervention study involving community-based exercise. Methods: A quasi-natural experiment, using mixed methods (n = 39). Participants completed interviews and questionnaires after 3-4 weeks of the Stay Home, Stay Healthy directive. PROMIS-29 outcomes were compared to pre-COVID-19 responses. Results: Participants had a mean age of 74.1 (6.5) years, 79.5% were women, and 20.5% were racial/ethnic minorities. Compared to pre-COVID-19, there was a significant increase in anxiety and decrease in fatigue and social participation. Thematic analysis revealed five main themes related to disruption of daily life, the emotional and physical impact of stay-at-home orders, unexpected positive outcomes, and perspectives on messaging surrounding the pandemic. Conclusions: Efforts to curb the spread of COVID-19 have substantially impacted the lives of older adults participating in community-based exercise.
Immune Response in Mice: A Comparison of the Secondary Immune Response and the Response Elicited with Immune Complexes

An enhancing influence of preexisting antibody on the magnitude of antibody response to an antigenic stimulus was first noted by Terres and Wolins [1]. Despite the general finding by many workers that passively administered antibody inhibits antibody formation (reviewed by Uhr and Moller [2]), the original observation has been repeatedly confirmed by the senior author and his colleagues (e.g., [3, 4]). The difference evidently is in the dosage and in the need for antigen excess or for the presence of antigen on two occasions, as suggested by Leduc et al. [5]. The kinetics and the quantity of antibody synthesized in such an enhanced response were indistinguishable from those of a secondary response (S. L. Morrison and G. Terres, unpublished); mouse anti-BSA appeared within 5 days of the booster or the antigen-antibody injection, and the peak titer was reached on about day 7.
Task Frequency Influences Stimulus-driven Effects on Task Selection during Voluntary Task Switching

Task selection during voluntary task switching involves both top-down (goal-directed) and bottom-up (stimulus-driven) mechanisms. The factors that shift the balance between these two mechanisms are not well characterized. In the present research, we studied the role that task frequency plays in determining the extent of stimulus-driven task selection. In two experiments, we used the basic paradigm adapted from Arrington (Memory & Cognition, 38, 991-997, 2008), in which the effect of stimulus availability serves as a marker of stimulus-driven task selection. A number and letter appeared on each trial with varying stimulus onset asynchronies, and participants performed either a consonant/vowel or an even/odd judgment. In Experiment 1, participants were instructed as to the relative frequency with which each task was to be performed (i.e., 50/50, 60/40, or 75/25) and were further instructed to make their transitions between tasks unpredictable. In Experiment 2, participants were given no instructions about how to select tasks, resulting in naturally occurring variation in task frequency. With both instructed (Exp. 1) and naturally occurring (Exp. 2) relative task frequencies, the less frequently performed task showed a greater effect of stimulus availability on task selection, suggestive of a larger influence of stimulus-driven mechanisms during task performance for the less frequent task. When goal-directed mechanisms of task choice are engaged less frequently, the relative influence of the stimulus environment increases.
Measuring permeability and modulus of aerogels using dynamic pressurisation in an autoclave

Abstract: A novel method is presented for measuring gas permeability and bulk modulus of aerogels. The time dependent contraction of a long cylindrical sample was measured during fast pressure changes in an autoclave from ambient pressure to 10 MPa at 45 to 50 °C in carbon dioxide. The fit parameters include pressure dependent permeability and bulk modulus of the sample as well as a reproducible and reversible bias deformation that accompanies pressure changes. From the pressure dependence of the permeability, the pressure μ can be determined, at which molecular flow crosses over to viscous flow inside the gel pores. To our knowledge, this is the first time permeability of aerogels has been measured at high pressures. The results can be used, among others, to predict the stress during supercritical drying of aerogels.
Legislative Television as an Institutional Entry Barrier: The Impact of C-SPAN2 on Turnover in the U.S. Senate, 1946–1998

The present study examines the impactof televised U.S. Senate sessions (byC-SPAN2) on turnover rates in the U.S.Senate over the period 1946–1998. Using atheoretical model wherein politicalservices are viewed as search/experiencegoods, it is argued that there are manyparliamentary procedures available to U.S.Senators (e.g., filibustering, SpecialOrder Speeches, etc.) that serve them aslow-cost forms of persuasive advertising. These outlets provide opportunities forpolitical ``grandstanding'' on popular issueswhich challengers would have to spend largesums of money to combat and/or replicate. In this way C-SPAN (potentially) servesincumbent Senators as an entry barrier.
Selling health to the distracted: consumer responses to source credibility and ad appeal type in a direct-to-consumer advertisement

Since 1997, when the U.S. Food and Drug Administration first allowed prescription drug companies to release ads directly targeting the public, direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising has become an integral part of the pharmaceutical industry marketing toolkit, reaching over $4 billion in 2005. In an experiment where cognitive load, a task that requires the investment of a subject's memory in an unrelated task; source credibility; and advertising appeal type (affective or cognitive) were manipulated, attitude toward the ad was measured for a print DTC meningitis vaccine ad. Main effect results for source credibility and advertising appeal type on attitude toward the ad were found, and interactions between manipulated variables were apparent when the individual difference variables related to a specific illness (vaccination history, living in a dorm, family members or friends who had suffered the illness) were taken into account.
Unstable-particle gases in the degenerate sea

The elastic scattering of two particles has been interpreted as the formation and decay of an unstable particle. The collision crosssection and the reciprocal of the scattering delay time determine rates of production and destruction in a gas of interacting stable particles. In a previous paper these two rates wore equated to obtain an expression for the equilibrium number density of unstable particles in dilute gases. In the present paper, a similar procedure is used to derive the equilibrium number density of unstable particles in a degenerate or partially degenerate gas of formions. The expression reduces to that of the dilute case in the limit of Boltzmann statistics for the fermions.