cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ecoregion and land-use influence invertebrate and detritus transport from headwater streams

SUMMARY 1. Habitats are often connected by fluxes of energy and nutrients across their boundaries. For example, headwater streams are linked to surrounding riparian vegetation through invertebrate and leaf litter inputs, and there is evidence that consumers in downstream habitats are subsidised by resources flowing from headwater systems. However, the strength of these linkages and the manner in which potential headwater subsidies vary along climatic and disturbance gradients are unknown. 2. We quantified the downstream transport of invertebrates, organic matter and inorganic sediment from 60 fishless headwater streams in the Wenatchee River Basin located on the eastern slope of the Cascade Range in Washington, U.S.A. Streams were classified into four groups (each n = 15) based on their position within two ecological subregions (wet and dry) and the extent of past timber harvest and road development (logged and unlogged). 3. Time and ecoregion were significant for all response variables as transport varied across sampling periods, and dry ecoregion streams displayed significantly higher mean values. Logged sites also generally showed higher mean transport, but only inorganic sediment transport was significantly higher in logged sites. Both ecoregion and land-use interacted significantly with time depending on the response variable. Differences among stream categories were driven by relatively low levels of transport in unlogged drainages of the wet ecoregion. Interestingly, unlogged dry ecoregion streams showed comparable transport rates to logged sites in the wet ecoregion. Dominance by deciduous riparian vegetation in all but unlogged streams in the wet ecoregion is a primary hypothesised mechanism determining transport dynamics in our study streams. 4. Understanding the quantity and variation of headwater subsidies across climate and disturbance gradients is needed to appreciate the significance of ecological linkages between headwaters and associated downstream habitats. This will enable the accurate assessment of resource management impacts on stream ecosystems. Predicting the consequences of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on headwater stream transport rates will require knowledge of how both local and regional factors influence these potential subsidies. Our results suggest that resources transported from headwater streams reflect both the meso-scale land-use surrounding
Just what are rural premedical students thinking? A report of the first 6 years of a pathways program.

Purpose: To assess outcomes of the first 6 years of a program designed to facilitate medical school admission for rural premedical students. Methods: Students completing the University of Louisville School of Medicine Trover Rural Scholar program were surveyed using a 23-item survey. Findings: Twenty-two of the 24 (92%) students responded. Overall, 12 (55%) were in the physician pipeline (medical students or re-applying to medical school) and 10 (45%) had left the physician pipeline for other careers (7 were pursuing other health care careers). Differences between the 2 groups included income expectations and perceptions of intellectual challenges and physicians’ job satisfaction. Conclusions: Attrition can be explained by student interests, maturation and influences of pre-professional advisors and practicing physicians. Successful pipeline programs should address these issues.
The Nature of the Concrete-Steel Rebar Interface in Plain and Silica Fume Concrete

In this investigation the nature and morphology of the concrete-reinforcing steel interface is studied. The effect of the partial replacement of cement by silica fume on the interface microstructure was determined. The distribution profiles of percentage porosity, calcium hydroxide and unreacted cement from the interface towards the concrete bulk were measured using the scanning electron microscope operated in the back scattering mode. The findings indicate the similarities between the morphology of the concrete-steel interface and those reported earlier in the literature for the concrete-aggregate interface. Additions of silica fume resulted in a decrease of the interface porosity and calcium hydroxide content.
Investigating differences in the writing performance of international and Generation 1.5 students

Practitioners working closely with second language (L2) writers in the US recognize at least two types of L2 students: international (IL2) and Generation 1.5 (G1.5) students. Some argue that specific differences in each group’s writing performance are evident (cf. Harklau, 2003; Reid, 2006); however, investigations into observable and measurable differences have been minimal. Using a Rasch measurement model, this study offers empiri cal evidence of how these students may differ in their writing performance, specifically with regard to grammatical, rhetorical, cohesive, sociolinguistic, and content c ontrol, in addition to essay length. Two separate statistical analyses were conducted: the first examined differences between IL2 and G1.5 students when modeled together as a single group; the second looked at how the groups compared when modeled separately. Results from the whole-group analysis showed the two groups differed only with regard to rhetorical control; the separate-group analysis revealed differen...
The Return of 1717 Isle Dauphine (U.S.A.)

Abstract Dauphin Island is a segmented, microtidal barrier island, located in the northern Gulf of Mexico, approximately 8.0 km offshore from southwestern Alabama (United States). It was first mapped by Spanish explorers in 1519 but was not settled until 1699 after being claimed as a French possession. In 1707, the French officially named it Isle Dauphine. Maps of the island from this French colonial period reveal a different morphology than subsequent maps. The first American maps of Dauphin Island and Mobile Bay show two small islands (i.e., Pelican and Sand islands) offshore from the southeastern end of Dauphin Island. Passing storms have moved and reshaped both of these delta margin islands around the south-southwestern periphery of the submerged Mobile Bay ebb-tidal delta. Only in the past 25 years have the two islands combined to slowly move in a northwesterly arc toward Dauphin Island. In early 2008, continued longshore drift and strong tides have combined Pelican-Sand Island and Dauphin Island for...
Monitoring the Impacts of Extraction: Science and Participation in the Governance of Mining in Peru

In Peru the recent growth of the mining economy has generated conflicts that often revolve around the environmental impacts of extraction. This paper examines a regulatory mechanism that has emerged as a response to these conflicts: participatory environmental monitoring. Focusing on a monitoring committee in the region of Ancash, I assess the committee's efforts to generate shared understandings about mining's environmental impacts, while also analyzing the consequences of the committee's work for the claims-making efforts of affected populations. I find that, while the work of the committee has not led to a cohesive environmental knowledge community, it has shaped the dynamics of mining-related struggle. Through its privileging of an expert framework for knowing and judging water quality, the committee has helped to demarcate the boundaries of credible environmental knowledge in ways that tend to constrain the capacity of area residents to hold the mining firm accountable for observed impacts on downstr...
Rapid Screening of Urine Specimens for Bacteriuria by the Cellenium System

This study evaluated the performance of the Cellenium 160US urine screening system in comparison to that of the semiquantitative culture method. The performance characteristics of the Cellenium system for all clinically significant uropathogens were 89.5% sensitivity, 94.4% specificity, 97.1% negative predictive value, and 81% positive predictive value.
Colicin Ia and Ib binding to Escherichia coli envelopes and partially purified cell walls.

The specific binding of 125 Iodine labelled colicin Ia and Ib to Escherichia coli cell envelopes and partially purified cell walls is demonstrated. Neither partially purified cytoplasmic membranes isolated from a wild type sensitive strain nor envelopes or cell walls prepared from an E. coli mutant known to be defective in the colicin I receptor could bind the colicins. Competition studies suggest that colicins Ia and Ib have a common bacterial receptor which resides in the bacterial cell wall.
The economic burden of unrecognized vasodepressor syncope

Abstract background: The objective of this study was to describe the cost of prior diagnostic evaluation in patients referred for evaluation of syncope whose history was typical of vasodepressor syncope. methods and results: Thirty consecutive patients who were referred for evaluation of syncope of undetermined origin and whose history was highly suggestive of vasodepressor syncope participated in this study. These 30 patients represented 19% of 158 patients referred for evaluation of syncope during the period of enrollment. All patients had positive results of an upright-tilt test, confirming the diagnosis of vasodepressor syncope. At the time of evaluation, the type and results of all diagnostic tests that had been performed prior to referral were recorded for each patient. The cost of diagnostic testing was then determined based on the 1991 cost of these tests at the University of Michigan Medical Center. A mean of 4 ± 2 major diagnostic tests were performed before referral to the University of Michigan Medical Center. The mean and median costs of diagnostic testing per patient prior to referral were $3,763 ± 3,820 and $2,678 (range: 0 to $16,606) respectively. Six patients underwent no major diagnostic tests prior to referral and, therefore, the cost of major diagnostic testing was zero in these patients. In the remaining patients, the mean and median costs of diagnostic testing per patient were $4,704 ± 3,713 and $3,777 (range: $1,025 to $16,606) respectively. conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that a diagnosis of vasodepressor syncope can be established clinically in approximately 20% of patients referred to a university hospital for evaluation of syncope of undetermined origin. Failure to recognize the clinical features of vasodepressor syncope in these patients resulted in up to $16,000 of unnecessary diagnostic testing. A greater awareness of the clinical features of vasodepressor syncope may, therefore, result in significant economic savings.
An improved method for automatic validation of communication protocols

A novel relief strategy for reachability analysis which can reduce the state-space problem by combining states that have similar behavior into a single aggregate state representation is proposed. The proposed method can be considered as a new encoding scheme for reducing the state explosion problem. Three algorithms are proposed to perform the validation using the aggregate states representation. The method can be used to validate protocols specified in the communicating finite-state machine (CFSM) model and the extended finite-state machine (EFSM) model. It has the same analytical power as the conventional reachability analysis but requires less time and space than the conventional method. >
Potential Antidepressant Overtreatment Associated with Office Use of Brief Depression Symptom Measures

Background: Use of brief depression symptom measures for identifying or screening cases may help to address depression undertreatment, but whether it also leads to diagnosis and treatment of patients with few or no symptoms—a group unlikely to have major depression or benefit from antidepressants—is unknown. We examined the associations of use of a brief depression symptom measure with depression diagnosis and antidepressant recommendation and prescription among patients with few or no depression symptoms. Methods: We conducted exploratory observational analyses of data from a randomized trial of depression engagement interventions conducted in primary care offices in California. Analyses focused on participants scoring Results: Among the 545 patients without a practice-administered measure, 57 (10.5%) had a visit diagnosis of depression; 9 (1.6%) were recommended and another 21 (3.8%) prescribed an antidepressant. Among the 50 patients (8.4% of total sample) with a practice-administered measure, 10 (20%) had a visit diagnosis of depression; 6 (12%) were recommended and another 6 (12%) prescribed an antidepressant. Adjusting for nesting within providers, trial intervention, stratification variables, and sample weighting, use of a brief symptom measure was associated with depression diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio, 3.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–9.2) and antidepressant recommendation and/or prescription (adjusted odds ratio, 3.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–13.9). Analyses using progressively lower PHQ-9 thresholds ( Conclusions: These exploratory findings suggest administration of brief depression symptom measures, particularly the PHQ-9, may be associated with depression diagnosis and antidepressant recommendation and prescription among patients unlikely to have major depression. If these findings are confirmed, researchers should investigate the balance of benefits and risks (eg, overdiagnosis of depression and overtreatment with antidepressants) associated with use of a brief symptom measure.
A general framework for high-dimensional estimation in the presence of incoherence

High-dimensional statistical inference requires the recovery/estimation of a large number of parameters from a possibly much smaller number of samples. A growing body of recent work has established that this is possible provided (a) the signal possesses an appropriate low-dimensional structure, and (b) the sampling is “incoherent”, i.e. does not suppress this structure. Popular structural assumptions include sparsity, block-sparsity, low-rank etc., and popular recovery approaches include regularization via convex penalties, alternating projections, greedy approaches etc. However, in the existing literature, analysis for each combination of structure and method has proceeded on a case by case basis. In this work we provide a unified framework that broadly characterizes when incoherence will enable consistent estimation in the high-dimensional setting. Specifically, we provide general definitions for structure and incoherence, and then establish that incoherence guarantees success in recovery (exactly in the noiseless case, and approximately in noisy case) for two broad classes of methods: (a) appropriate convex regularization, and (b) a new algorithm - Generalized Projections - that we propose. We identify several existing results that are recovered as special cases of each of our results. Our work builds on the recent framework for convex regularizers by Negahban et.al.; in particular one of our results is a characterization, in the presence of incoherence, of a crucial constant they define but do not evaluate in general. Finally, we also extend our framework to the case of multiple superimposed structures, where we define a new inter-structure notions of incoherence - Restricted Orthogonality Property.
Integrity of 111In-radiolabeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the mouse

Abstract Introduction Iron-oxide nanoparticles can act as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), while radiolabeling the same platform with nuclear medicine isotopes allows imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), modalities that offer better quantification. For successful translation of these multifunctional imaging platforms to clinical use, it is imperative to evaluate the degree to which the association between radioactive label and iron oxide core remains intact in vivo. Methods We prepared iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized by oleic acid and phospholipids which were further radiolabeled with 59 Fe, 14 C-oleic acid, and 111 In. Results Mouse biodistributions showed 111 In preferentially localized in reticuloendothelial organs, liver, spleen and bone. However, there were greater levels of 59 Fe than 111 In in liver and spleen, but lower levels of 14 C. Conclusions While there is some degree of dissociation between the 111 In labeled component of the nanoparticle and the iron oxide core, there is extensive dissociation of the oleic acid component.
Uterine Lesions in 32 Female Miniature Pet Pigs

Thirty-two 4-month-old to 19-year-old female miniature pet pigs were spayed. Uterine lesions were present in all except 8 pigs. The 24 remaining pigs had diffuse cystic endometrial hyperplasia, of which 14 had smooth muscle tumors, including leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas, in the uterus or broad ligament. Nodular endometrial lesions-including adenocarcinomas, adenomas, and/or adenomyosis-were present in 10 pigs, 3 of which had concurrent smooth muscle tumors. Pyometra was present in 3 pigs. In uterine sections with cystic endometrial hyperplasia, adenomyosis, or adenomas, approximately 70% of epithelial nuclei expressed estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor immunohistochemically; in adenocarcinomas, expression was 20%. Regardless of malignancy, more than 50% of nuclei in smooth muscle tumors expressed estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. Aging was associated with the development of uterine lesions in miniature pet pigs.
Immune Response in Fulminant Viral Hepatitis, Type B

Serial serum samples from the time of exposure until fatal outcome in 3 patients with fulminant viral hepatitis, type B, were examined for the presence of the antigens associated with hepatitis, type B, and their corresponding antibodies. The titers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HB s Ag) were found to decrease by greater than 50% before death. Antibody to surface antigen (anti-HB s ) was not detectable in any sample. Patterns of antibody to core antigen (anti-HB c ), HB c Ag subtype, "e" antigen, and anti-"e" were unremarkable, and could not be distinguished from those that might occur in many selflimited cases of hepatitis, type B. A rise in α-fetoprotein before demise suggests that late but inadequate liver regeneration occurred in these patients
Technical Information and Policy Choice: The Case of the Resource Recovery Nondecision

Innovation is only one of a range of public policy responses to social and technological novelty and is not necessarily the most appropriate response. While a number of case studies have provided information about determinants of innovation and have traced processes leading to the adoption of innovation, there has been little attention given to the processes that lead to the rejection, deferral or avoidance of available innovations. This paper examines the technical and political controversy surrounding a proposed resource recovery steam plant in metropolitan Syracuse, New York. Although a report on solid waste management had been prepared in i 969 and a dozen consulting studies authorized over the next decade, by I98I no decision had been reached. In analyzing twelve years of 'nondecision', this study seeks to examine some of the difficulties of using technical information in complex policy problems. The case highlights a number of issues pertaining to the use of information in technology policy including: (i) the role of scientific and technical information in policymaking; (2) the interplay between technical information and political values, and (3) the reciprocal effects of information resources and decision processes.
A risk-assessment tool for integrated reproductive health services.

In response to the global AIDS epidemic and the contributions of other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) to the spread of HIV the 1994 Cairo International Conference on Population and Development developed an STD risk assessment tool. This paper discusses the importance of the STD risk assessment tool in providing a unified pathway for integrated reproductive health services. The STD risk assessment tool uses a variety of demographic behavioral and clinical information (other than laboratory test results) to assess the likelihood that persons are currently infected with an STD or at high risk of future infection. Providers of reproductive health services can use this tool in counseling clients about behavioral and contraceptive choices that will help them achieve future childbearing goals. Moreover it can be used as a guide to treat STD symptoms in settings where appropriate laboratory services are not available. Thus STD risk assessment serves as a bridge for integrating reproductive health programs.
Physics for infants: characterizing the origins of knowledge about objects, substances, and number

Adults possess a great deal of knowledge about how objects behave and interact in our every day environment, yet several puzzles remain unsolved regarding how we manage this ubiquitous skill. The notion of intuitive physics has been a central focus of research on cognitive development in infancy. This article focuses on the origins of knowledge about objects, substances, and number concepts in infancy. The article reviews common themes of solidity, continuity, cohesion, and property changes as they have been studied with regard to infants' knowledge about objects and more recently with regard to infants' knowledge about substances. In addition, we review how object and substance knowledge interfaces with number knowledge systems. The evidence supports the view that certain core principles about these domains are present as early as we can test for them and the nature of the underlying representation is best characterized as primitive initial concepts that are elaborated and refined through learning and experience. WIREs Cogn Sci 2012, 3:19-27. doi: 10.1002/wcs.157 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Endocrine Mechanisms Governing Transition into Adulthood: A Marked Decrease in Inhibitory Feedback Action of Estradiol on Tonic Secretion of Luteinizing Hormone in the Lamb during Puberty

The hypothesis was tested that a decrease in response to the inhibitory feedback action of estradiol on tonic LH secretion occurs in the female lamb during puberty. Ovaries were removed from 10 female lambs at 19 weeks of age, which was approximately 11 weeks before the expected first ovulation. At ovariectomy, Silastic implants containing crystalline estradiol were inserted sc in 6 lambs to maintain chronic low levels of circulating estradiol. In estradiol-treated ovariectomized lambs, serum LH was suppressed to undetectable concentrations until the age when first ovulations were initiated in untreated intact lambs. At this time, circulating LH increased dramatically to castrate levels in 5 of 6 estradiol-treated ovariectomized females despite maintenance of constant levels of serum estradiol. The ”escape“ from estradiol negative feedback on tonic LH secretion in ovariectomized lambs and the first ovulation in intact lambs occurred over a wide range of body weights. In the slowest growing estradiol-treat...
Heart Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Understanding the Risks

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of mortality compared with the general population. Evidence suggests that this increased mortality can largely be attributed to increased cardiovascular death. In a retrospective study of an inception cohort of RA patients in Rochester, MN, the contribution of traditional and RA-specific risk factors was investigated to this increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Several traditional cardiovascular risk factors were found to behave differently in RA patients. In addition, their associations with cardiovascular disease are weaker in RA patients as increased inflammation associated with RA also appears to contribute substantially to the increased cardiovascular mortality. Furthermore, the impact of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologicals on cardiovascular disease in RA patients is unclear. Cardiovascular risk scores for the general population may underestimate the risk for RA patients. Together with other studies that have demonstrated similar associations between RA and cardiovascular mortality, these data suggest that optimal control of cardiovascular risk factors is important, but not sufficient in RA patients. RA-specific cardiovascular risk prediction tools are needed, as well as clinical trials to assess the impact of therapies and tight control of inflammation in RA patients on cardiovascular outcomes and mortality.
Correntropy in Data Classification

In this chapter, the usability of the correntropy-based similarity measure in the paradigm of statistical data classification is addressed. The basic theme of the chapter is to compare the performance of the correntropic loss function with the conventional quadratic loss function. Moreover, the issues related to the non-convexity of the correntropic loss function are considered while proposing new classification methods. The proposed methods incorporate the correntropic loss function via the notions of convolution smoothing and simulated annealing optimization algorithms. Two nonparametric classification methods based on the correntropic loss function are proposed and compared with the conventional parametric and nonparametric methods. Specifically, the classification performance of the proposed artificial neural network-based methods are not only compared with their conventional counterparts but also with the kernel-based soft margin support vector machines. Experimental studies with Monte Carlo-based simulations show the validity of the proposed methods in the data classification.
Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death

Since the 1960s, important advances have been made in resuscitation of patients from sudden cardiac death (SCD). Despite these advances, rates of survival to hospital discharge range from only 2 to 30% (generally 5–10%); rates of survival with intact neurological status are even lower (1). Approximately 400,000 out-of-hospital sudden deaths occur in the United States each year (2). These grim statistics point to the importance of prevention in approaching the problem of SCD from a public health standpoint.
Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Geriatric Ankle Fractures: A Medicare Part A Claims Database Analysis.

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of adverse events in elderly patients who required inpatient admission after sustaining an ankle fracture and to consider these data in relation to geriatric hip fracture and other geriatric patient admissions. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients admitted with an ankle fracture, a hip fracture, or any other diagnosis was performed with the Medicare Part A database for 2008. The primary outcome measure was the one-year mortality rate, examined with multivariate analysis factoring for both patient age and preexisting comorbidity. Secondary outcome measures analyzed additional morbidity as reflected by length of stay, discharge disposition, readmissions, and medical complications. Results: There were 19,648 patients with ankle fractures, 193,980 patients with hip fractures, and 5,801,831 patients with other admitting diagnoses. Significant differences (p < 0.001) were noted in both age and comorbidity status between the group with ankle fractures and the group with hip fractures. The one-year mortality after admission was 11.9% for patients with ankle fracture, 28.2% for patients with hip fracture, and 21.5% for patients with any other admission. Upon using multivariate analysis to account for both age and comorbidity, the hazard ratio for one-year mortality associated with fracture was 1.088 for patients with hip fracture and 0.557 for patients with ankle fracture. Conclusions: Even after selecting for admitted patients and accounting for both age and comorbidity, geriatric patients with ankle fractures were found to have a lower one-year morbidity compared with geriatric patients who had sustained a hip fracture or alternative admitting diagnoses. Geriatric patients with ankle fractures are likely healthier and more active in ways that are not captured by simply accounting for age and comorbidity. These findings may support more aggressive definitive management of such injuries in this population. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Critical Issues Face Entomologists

The most critical worldwide need today is an adequate supply of food and fiber for an ever-increasing human population. The ability to provide this supply depends on many factors such as weather, agricultural manpower unaffected by malaria and other debilitating diseases, availability of good seed, fertilizer, suitable equipment, pesticides, and a workable transportation and marketing system. Over the years, the advanced countries have made many improvements in handling these factors amenable to man's manipulation, and these new agricultural practices have been and are being made available to the developing countries through the concerted efforts of international organizations, aid programs, and exchanges of agricultural and medical specialists. Nevertheless, malnutrition and starvation continue to occur in many countries. particularly during periods of extensive drought. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated human deaths from starvation at over 12,000 daily, about 4.5 million per year. While these people are going hungry, approximately 30% of the world's food supply is being destroyed by pests.
The relationship between fatigue, aerobic fitness, and motor control in people with chronic stroke: a pilot study.

Background Fatigue is a commonly neglected issue despite the high incidence rate reported in people post-stroke. Objective To explore the relationship between fatigue, aerobic fitness, and motor control in people with chronic stroke. Methods Nine people post-stroke participated in this cross-sectional study (7 females, mean age = 56.8 (11.8) years, range 47-73, time post-stroke = 47.6 (51.2) months, range 11-140). Participants performed a six-minute-walk exercise in order to induce fatigue, followed immediately by a Fatigue Index (FI) scale to report fatigue at the moment. The distance walked (6MWD) was documented. On a separate visit, aerobic fitness was characterized by VO(2Peak) using a cycle-ergometer. In addition, Fugl-Meyer (FM) test was administered to assess motor control of the hemiparetic side. Pearson Product Correlation Coefficient and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the relationships between FI, VO(2Peak) and FM. Results VO(2Peak) showed significant positive correlations with FM (r = .779, p = .013) and 6MWD (r = .726, p = .027). Fatigue index displayed significant negative correlations with VO(2Peak) (r = -.739, p = .023) and FM (r = -.873, p = .002), but not with 6MWD (r = -.620, p = .075). Using stepwise multiple regression, we found that that FM was an independent predictor of FI (p = .002) and explained 76.2% of variance in FI (R2 = .762). Conclusion Our data suggests that motor control capability may be a good predictor of fatigue in people post-stroke. Fatigue is a complex phenomenon; a quantifiable measure that is sensitive to multiple components is needed in order to distinguish the nature of fatigue and its contributing factors.
Narrow window of bone age in children with slipped capital femoral epiphyses.

Summary Pelvis radiographs of 30 children with slipped capital femoral epiphyses (SCFE) were reviewed by four readers to determine the skeletal age. The average chronologic age for girls was 12.1 ± 1.0 years and that for boys was 14.4 ± 1.3 years; the average pelvic bone age was 13.2 ± 0.6 for girls and 15.1 ± 0.6 years for boys. The chronologic age range was 98 months, and skeletal age range was only 50 months. Pelvis bone age was advanced in the youngest children, normal in most children, and mildly delayed in older children. We conclude that there is a uniform skeletal age or “narrow window” during which epiphyseal slipping occurs, regardless of the child's chronologic age.
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND CORPORATE SOCIAL PERFORMANCE: A FIELD STUDY IN TWO CONTRASTING INDUSTRIES

The relationship between public-affairs management structure and social performance was studied. We explored three dimensions of public-affairs management structure—receptivity to public affairs in...
Expression of Resistance to Pyrethroid Insecticides in Adults and Larvae of Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Implications for Resistance Monitoring

Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides was diagnosed in Heliothis virescens (F.) from cotton fields in Texas in 1985 and in Mississippi in 1986. Susceptible third instars on cotton terminals sprayed with recommended rates of pyrethroids suffered 90-95% mortality; however, only 20-71% of the field-collected, resistant larvae died. We confirmed the presence of pyrethroid resistance in Texas in 1985. Topical application bioassays in the laboratory failed to show more than sixfold resistance levels in larvae of some of these strains from Texas and Mississippi, indicating that standard topical bioassays do not always accurately diagnose resistance in this species. However, the frequency of resistant phenotypes in the cotton terminal assays and results with an adult bioassay technique were highly correlated.
Discomycetes of North Dakota

Hymenium exposed from the first, plants not usually cupshaped, disc-shaped, boat-shaped or linear. Hymenium at first closed, plants cup-shaped, disc-shaped, boat-shaped or linear, opening by a circular, starlike or slit-like aperture. Hymenium exposed at an early stage, plants cup-shaped or disc-shaped. Hymenium long, enclosed in a firm covering, opening with a star-like or slit-like aperture. Opening for the most part with a star-like aper-
High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of methomyl and oxamyl on vegetable crops.

Abstract A reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatographic method is presented for the separation and determination of residues of the carbamates oxamyl and methomyl on vegetables. A liquid-liquid extraction and cleanup procedure is applied to the vegetable extract. Samples are eluted from a muBondapak C18 column and quantitated by ultraviolet absorbance at 240 nm. Recovery data for vegetable samples spiked at 2 ppm are presented.
Questions for the Medical Records Manager

Classification codes are for the benefit of large institutions or third-party payors who collect diagnostic data spanning the entire range of medical diagnoses. An individual practice will use only 100–500 different diagnoses. Computer systems that support office practices should allow for entry of diagnoses by both the English text (through an alphabetic lookup, Fig. 4.1) and by a random three-digit code that they assign to that diagnosis. Office staff should not have to type the five or six digits of an ICD-9-CM code to enter a diagnosis. Most medical office software is list-driven such that each practice defines its own list of diagnoses, the English text associated with those diagnoses, the data entry code, and the appropriate code associated with that diagnosis that should print for billing purposes. Electronic records actually contain only the three-digit number from your specialized list rather than storing up to six digits for every diagnosis in the computer record. This also allows the office to have several different diagnoses that physicians feel are distinct but print out the same ICD-9-CM diagnostic code. Third parties (and the coding books) might not recognize those differences. Finally, the physician should record every diagnosis made on the encounter sheet (Fig. 4.2) for computer entry. Although only one diagnosis is needed for a claim or bill, the other diagnoses are used to justify laboratory studies and procedures ordered as well as to justify the intensity of service should DRGs (diagnosis-related-groups) come to the office environment.
V122I TTR Cardiac Amyloidosis in Patients of African Descent Recognizing a Missed Disease or the Dog That Didn’t Bark?

> Gregory: “Is there any other point to which you would wish to draw my attention?” > > Holmes: “To the curious incident of the dog in the night-time.” > > Gregory: “The dog did nothing in the night-time.” > > Holmes: “That was the curious incident.” > > —Arthur Conan Doyle, “Silver Blaze” in The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes Cardiac amyloidosis is caused by the aggregation and deposition of misfolded proteins in the extracellular space of the myocardium. The heart is one of multiple organs that may be involved in systemic amyloidosis and is usually the main cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR), one of the most common forms of cardiac amyloidosis, is increasingly recognized as an important cause of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.1 It is generally believed that for heart failure to occur, the severity of amyloid deposition in a diseased heart has to be great enough to cause abnormal wall thickening, which is easily identifiable by echocardiography. See Article by Dungu et al ATTR is caused either by wild-type transthyretin (TTR), a disease limited to the heart and predominantly of elderly males, or by mutant TTR, a disease with autosomal dominant inheritance, which may cause an isolated cardiomyopathy, isolated neuropathy, or combined disease. Numerous variants of TTR have been identified, among which is the substitution of isoleucine for valine at position 122 (V122I). This mutation has a prevalence of 3.4% in the North American population of African descent and is generally recognized as causing an infiltrative–restrictive cardiomyopathy, usually in the seventh decade and above.2 In this issue of Circulation: Heart Failure , Dungu et al3 provide data that further substantiate the importance of the V122I allele as a cause of heart failure in …
Aerial Oxidation of Acetylaminofluorene-Derived DNA Adducts

The first report of chemical carcinogenesis by an aromatic amine emanated from Japan (1), and this together with the separate findings in the United States fifty years ago, that both 2-naphthylamine (2) and N-acetyl-2aminofluorene (1) (3) are carcinogenic in mammalian species, has led to extensive biological studies on this class of material (4). The chemical basis of tumor induction involves metabolic activation of the arylamines to N-hydroxy compounds followed by enzymic acetylation or sulfation, illustrated in the case of 1 by the formation of 2a-2c. Compounds of the latter type are regarded as the ultimate carcinogens which on solvolysis in (physiological) solution generate arylnitrenium ions that form adducts with DNA bases. These adducts and possibly their further transformation products are regarded as being responsible ultimately for the subsequent biological events leading to cancer.
The Endoscopogram: A 3D Model Reconstructed from Endoscopic Video Frames

Endoscopy enables high resolution visualization of tissue texture and is a critical step in many clinical workflows, including diagnosis and radiation therapy treatment planning for cancers in the nasopharynx. However, an endoscopic video does not provide explicit 3D spatial information, making it difficult to use in tumor localization, and it is inefficient to review. We introduce a pipeline for automatically reconstructing a textured 3D surface model, which we call an endoscopogram, from multiple 2D endoscopic video frames. Our pipeline first reconstructs a partial 3D surface model for each input individual 2D frame. In the next step (which is the focus of this paper), we generate a single high-quality 3D surface model using a groupwise registration approach that fuses multiple, partially overlapping, incomplete, and deformed surface models together. We generate endoscopograms from synthetic, phantom, and patient data and show that our registration approach can account for tissue deformations and reconstruction inconsistency across endoscopic video frames.
From Harmful Treatment to Secondary Gain: Adverse Event Reporting in Dyspepsia and Gastroparesis.

Medical management of gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia remains difficult with several recent trials showing limited or no benefit. If treatment comes with only marginal improvements, concerns about adverse events become more relevant. We therefore examined the type and outcomes of side effects submitted to a public repository. We searched the Federal Adverse Event Reporting System for reports associated with the treatment of dyspepsia or gastroparesis. Demographic data, medications used and implicated, side effects, and outcomes were abstracted for the years 2004–2015. Acid-suppressive agents and prokinetics were the most commonly listed medications with a stronger emphasis on prokinetics in gastroparesis. Submissions related to metoclopramide by far exceeded reports about other agents and mostly described tardive dyskinesia or other neurological concerns. They peaked around 2012, driven by submissions through legal workers. Most reports about metoclopramide described short-term use to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting. Concerns about acid-suppressive medications increased over time and spanned a wide spectrum of potential problems, including osteoporosis, worsening renal function, or cardiac events. Despite biasing factors, such as pending legal action, the voluntary repository of adverse events provides insight into current medical practice and its associated risk. Knowing about common and uncommon, but potentially serious risks may enable patients and providers to decide on effective and safe management strategies.
Trainee perspectives on postdoctoral recruitment in clinical neuropsychology: reflections on commentaries by Bodin and Grote (2016) and Nelson et al. (2016).

AbstractObjective: The aim of the current invited paper is to provide the trainees’ perspective on recent commentaries on recruitment for postdoctoral fellowship in clinical neuropsychology. The current system of recruitment includes both a match and non-match process and has been problematic for trainees and training programs alike. Method: The author team completed a non-systematic review of previously published commentaries on the current state of postdoctoral fellowship recruitment, which are briefly summarized in the current paper. The trainee perspective is addressed using both survey data and anecdotal experiences of the authors. Result: Trainees report high levels of dissatisfaction with the current dual recruitment system; however, there is no clear preference from trainees for either a match or non-match system. Trainees from both recruitment systems report high levels of satisfaction with their training experience. Conclusion: It seems that either a match or non-match approach, if it led to a u...
In- and Ga-based inorganic double perovskites with direct bandgaps for photovoltaic applications

Double perovskites in the form of A2B′B′′X6 (A = Cs, B′ = Ag, B′′ = Bi) have been reported as potential alternatives to lead-containing organometal trihalide perovskites. However, all double perovskites synthesized to date exhibit indirect bandgaps >1.95 eV, which are undesirable for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. Herein, we report a comprehensive computer-aided screening of In- and Ga-based double perovskites for potential photovoltaic applications. To this end, several preconditions are implemented for the screening of optimal candidates, which include structural stability, electronic bandgaps, and optical absorption. Importantly, four In- and Ga-based double perovskites are identified to possess direct bandgaps within the desirable range of 0.9–1.6 eV for photovoltaic applications. Dominant optical absorption of the four double perovskites is found to be in the UV range. The structural and thermal stability of the four double perovskites are examined using both the empirical Goldschmidt ratio and convex-hull calculations. Only Cs2AgInBr6 is predicted to be thermodynamically stable.
Possible structural transformation and enhanced magnetic fluctuations in exfoliated α-RuCl 3

Abstract We present Raman spectroscopy experiments on exfoliated α -RuCl 3 , from tens of nm thick down to single layers. Besides unexpectedly finding this material to be air stable, in the thinnest layers we observe the appearance with decreasing temperature of a symmetry-forbidden mode in crossed polarization, along with an anomalous broadening of a mode at 164 cm −1 that is known to couple to a continuum of magnetic excitations. This may be due to an enhancement of magnetic fluctuations and evidence for a distorted honeycomb lattice in single- and bilayer samples.
The barriers to a national inquiry into child sexual abuse in the United States

There is an often-overlooked but critical factor at the center of institutional child sexual abuse that must be acknowledged and addressed: adults tend to place the interest of institutions and other adults above the protection of children. As the Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse has shown, this phenomenon is evident across institutional settings and any institutional reform aimed at improving child safety must therefore guard against this tendency if it is to be effective in protecting children. In the United States there are also other barriers to dealing with child sexual abuse in institutional contexts. State government responses to the challenges of child sexual abuse have varied. However, the federal governmsent has been silent on the problem of religious institutional sexual abuse. This commentary considers how the politics of religious liberty in the United States inhibits action by protecting institutions that cover up child sexual abuse.
Structure of Controllers for the Direct Digital Control of Reactor Power: Licensing Implications

The structure of controllers for the direct digital control of power in a nuclear reactor is examined and features possibly important to licensing are identified. This was done by first reviewing the human approach to process control and then discussing designs whereby digital systems could be made to emulate each of the functions that a human operator now performs. Features identified as relevant to licensing include the separation of the safety and control systems, the use of supervisory algorithms that incorporate the concept of ‘feasibility of control’, signal validation, verification of signal implementation, and the use of either fault-tolerant or redundant hardware. Examples supporting the above findings are drawn from the MIT experience in first designing and then licensing a digital, closed-loop controller for the 5 MWt MIT Research Reactor.
Following the Leader: An Exploratory Analysis of Twitter Adoption and Use Among Newspaper Editors

Some media critics say Twitter use by newsroom leaders sends a strong innovation message to the rest of the newsroom. This exploratory study examined Twitter use among 74 editors at top U.S. newspapers to evaluate their adoption and use of the social media tool. A content analysis of Twitter accounts revealed many of them were not frequent users. Those who do are primarily using it as a tool to promote content from their own publications. The similarities between this analysis and similar studies would suggest that if newspapers hope to more effectively use Twitter, their leaders need to be willing to do so as well.
The Ongoing Genocidal Crisis of the Rohingya Minority in Myanmar

The serious plight of the Rohingya ethnic group’s extreme victimization in Myanmar has finally emerged on the international stage. They are mostly a stateless Muslim minority from the state of Rakh...