cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Single Crystalline Nanowires of Lead Can Be Synthesized through Thermal Decomposition of Lead Acetate in Ethylene Glycol

This paper describes a solution-phase route to the facile synthesis of lead nanowires with lateral dimensions as thin as 35 nm and lengths up to 250 μm. These lead nanowires were single crystalline in structure, and electron transport measurements on individual nanowires (using the four-probe method) indicate a phase transition to the superconducting state around 7.13 K, a temperature similar to the value (7.20 K) reported for bulk lead. Different from polycrystalline samples, no significant variation in the transition temperature was observed for nanowires with diameters down to 50 nm.
Ag(111) surface reconstruction studied by optical second-harmonic generation

We have studied the optical second-harmonic reflectance of Ag(111) as a function of the incident photon energy and the interfacial potential in an electrochemical environment. The behavior of the anisotropic contribution is consistent with a potential-induced surface reconstruction from {ital C}{sub 3{ital v}} to {ital C}{sub 3} under conditions of positive surface charge.
Right Ventricular Performance and Mass by Use of Cine MRI Late After Atrial Repair of Transposition of the Great Arteries

Background The long-term adaptation of the right ventricle after atrial repair of transposition of the great arteries (TGA) remains a subject of major concern. Cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with its tomographic capabilities, allows unique quantitative evaluation of both right and left ventricular function and mass. Our purpose was to use MRI and an age-matched normal population to examine the typical late adaptation of the right and left ventricles after atrial repair of TGA. Methods and Results Cine MRI was used to study ventricular function and mass in 22 patients after atrial repair of TGA. Images were obtained in short-axis sections from base to apex to derive normalized right and left ventricular mass (RVM and LVM, g/m2), interventricular septal mass (IVSM, g/m2), RV and LV end-diastolic volumes (EDV, mL/m2), and ejection fractions (EF). Results 8 to 23 years after repair were compared with analysis of 24 age- and sex-matched normal volunteers and revealed markedly elevated RVM, decreased LV...
Living Polymerization of Sulfur Ylides. Synthesis of Terminally Functionalized and Telechelic Polymethylene

The boron-catalyzed polymerization of dimethylsulfoxonium methylide (1) has been used to prepare telechelic polymethylene polymers. The functional polymers were synthesized by hydroboration of subs...
Nonoperative Treatment of an Os Peroneum Fracture in a High-level Athlete: A Case Report

Background The os peroneum is a sesamoid bone in the peroneus longus tendon. Fractures of the os peroneum are rare. Some authors recommend surgery for active patients.
Gallium increases bone calcium and crystallite perfection of hydroxyapatite.

Gallium, a group IIIa metal, is known to interact with hydroxyapatite as well as the cellular components of bone. In recent studies we have found gallium to be a potent inhibitor of bone resorption that is clinically effective in controlling cancer-related hypercalcemia as well as the accelerated bone resorption associated with bone metastases. To begin to elucidate gallium's mechanism of action we have examined its effects on bone mineral properties. After short-term (14 days) administration to rats, gallium nitrate produced measurable changes in bone mineral properties. Using atomic absorption spectroscopy, low levels of gallium were noted to preferentially accumulate in regions of active bone formation, 0.54±.07 μg/mg bone in the metaphyses versus 0.21±.03 μg/mg bone in the diaphyses,P<0.001. The bones of treated animals had increased calcium content measured spectrophotometrically. Rats injected with radiolabeled calcium during gallium treatment had greater 45-calcium content compared to control animals. By wide-angle X-ray analyses, larger and/or more perfect hydroxyapatite was observed. The combined effects of gallium on bone cell function and bone mineral may explain its clinical efficacy in blocking accelerated bone resorption.
Pseudorabies virus infection of six- and ten-day-old porcine embryos

Nine susceptible gilts were exposed to pseudorabies virus (PrV) by intrauterine inoculation immediately after breeding. Embryos were collected from each of three gilts on days 3, 6, and 10 following exposure to PrV. The number of embryos collected from each gilt was compared with the number of corpora lutea (CL). On days 6 and 10, there were substantially fewer embryos collected than there were CL. The embryos were examined for the presence of viral particles by electron microscopy. PrV was observed in embryos collected at 6 and 10 days following exposure of the gilts. The fluids used to flush the embryos from the uterus during collection were tested for PrV by virus isolation and direct fluorescent antibody procedures. PrV was isolated from the uterine-flush fluids of one of three gilts at each time of embryo collection.
Recent advances in polymer thin films prepared by plasma polymerization Synthesis, structural characterization, properties and applications

Abstract In this paper, the basic features of plasma polymerization of organic thin films are reviewed. Principal synthesis technologies generally used precursors and new developments in the 1990s are taken into account. Effects of plasma polymerization conditions on the structures and properties of the films are briefly discussed. Modern analytical techniques used for characterization of plasma polymer firms, such as Fourier transform infrared and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, etc., are systematically reviewed. Physical properties, including surface properties, permeability, electrical and optical properties, are concisely described with the emphasis on the studies in recent literature. Some proposed applications of these films in mechanical, electrical and optical industry are presented.
Induced moment antiferromagnet in an external magnetic field—II Green's function theory

Abstract A two level two sublattice antiferromagnetic induced moment system is examined in the Green's function theory in the random phase approximation. Attentions are drawn to the effects of an externally applied magnetic field. It is shown that a “soft mode” behavior occurs at the transition field similar to that observed at the transition temperature in the absence of a field. The transition becomes first order in the RPA. The sublattice magnetizations and the transition field are significantly lowered compared to the molecular field theory results.
Spermatogenesis in males of the free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans

We have studied the morphology of spermatogenesis in the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans with the light and electron microscopes. The gonad of the adult male is a single, reflexed cylindrical structure containing all stages of spermatogenesis arranged in a single wave of development. The primary spermatocytes are at the end of the gonad most distal from its opening into the cloaca. In this region, the cells are syncytial, and there is a central core containing cytoplasm common to all the neighboring cells, an organization reminiscent of the ovary in the hermaphrodite. Moving toward the cloaca one encounters the stages of meiotic prophase. At diplotene and diakinesis the cells contain many Golgi complexes. Some of these Golgi complexes are associated with an urn-shaped vesicle with a dark amorphous collar about its neck. Other Golgi complexes are seen next to aggregates of microfilaments. These “fibrous bodies” become enveloped with a flattened vesicle that forms a boundary two membranes thick. After these two structures have grown in size, their membranes fuse to form a composite structure. The membranes at the site of fusion then develop dark-staining thickenings as they fold into convoluted sacs and tubes. At about this time, the cells go through the two meiotic divisions. At telophase II the composite structures and fibrous bodies cluster at the spindle poles and cleavage furrows not only separate the daughter cells, but they also slough off a substantial volume of cytoplasm. In the resulting spermatid the nucleus condenses to form the small mass of dark-staining chromatin characteristic of sperm. The microfilaments of the fibrous bodies now disappear while the membranes of the composite structures continue to fold. The texture of the cytoplasm becomes more dense and now contains numerous slender, wavy tubular elements. A part of each composite structure now fuses with the plasma membrane of the sperm to make an almost spherical invagination of extracellular space partially filled by the tortuous bits of membrane-bound cytoplasm formed by the foldings of the membranes of the composite structure.
Myelin-associated glycoprotein and its axonal receptors

Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is expressed on the innermost myelin membrane wrap, directly apposed to the axon surface. Although it is not required for myelination, MAG enhances long-term axon-myelin stability, helps to structure nodes of Ranvier, and regulates the axon cytoskeleton. In addition to its role in axon-myelin stabilization, MAG inhibits axon regeneration after injury; MAG and a discrete set of other molecules on residual myelin membranes at injury sites actively signal axons to halt elongation. Both the stabilizing and the axon outgrowth inhibitory effects of MAG are mediated by complementary MAG receptors on the axon surface. Two MAG receptor families have been described, sialoglycans (specifically gangliosides GD1a and GT1b) and Nogo receptors (NgRs). Controversies remain about which receptor(s) mediates which of MAG's biological effects. Here we review the findings and challenges in associating MAG's biological effects with specific receptors.
Supply Management: The Past and Future

This paper reviews many of the controversial issues surrounding supply management in the Canadian dairy and poultry sectors. In this context, the underlying theory is extended to include decision making where both joint production and import controls are in place. Also the supply management system is discussed within a rent-seeking framework. This provides both a method by which to analyze the various forces that will either keep the supply management system in operation or lead to its demise, as well as a means by which supply management can be improved. Concerning the former, it appears, for example, that the tariffs under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade are sufficiently high that producers are better off with supply management than with a system with no production controls. If this system falls apart, it will largely be due to internal fighting among provinces and/or producers over expanded market share. L'article passe en revue plusieurs des questions controversees entourant la gestion de l'offre dans les secteurs du lait et de la volaiie au Canada. Dans ce contexte, la theorie sous-jacente est elargie de facon a inclure la prise de decision dans un regime de controle combine de la production et des importations. En outre, le systeme de gestion de 1'offre est examine dans un cadre de recherche de rente. On dispose ainsi a la fois d'une methode pour analyser les diverses forces qui pourraient soit maintenir le systeme de gestion de 1'offre en place soit entrainer son demantelement, ainsi que d'un moyen d'ameliorer la gestion de 1'offre. Pour ce qui est de la premiere eventualite, il semble par exemple que les tarifs douaniers imposes au titre du GATT sont suffisamment eleves pour que les producteurs puissent se tirer mieux d'affaire avec la gestion de l'offre qu avec un regime de production libre. Si le systeme de gestion de l'offre vient a tomber, ce sera en grande partie le resultat de conflits internes entre les provinces, les producteurs ou les deux pour accroitre leur part du marche
Yohimbine-induced withdrawal and anxiety symptoms in opioid-dependent patients.

Abstract Background: Alteration in noradrenergic regulation as well as alteration in the hypothalamic—pituitary—adrenal (HPA) axis have been associated with opioid dependence and acute abstinence symptoms. Methods: This double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated subjective, physiologic, and biochemical responses to yohimbine (.4 mg/kg, IV) in eight patients receiving methadone and compared results to those from a pool of nine healthy volunteers. All subjects were compared for panic anxiety symptom scale (PASS) scores, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, plasma 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenethyleneglycol (MHPG), and cortisol. Results: Yohimbine elicited objective and subjective opioid withdrawal and elevated craving for opioid drugs in methadone patients. Significant yohimbine effects were seen across the combined subject group for PASS, physiologic measures, MHPG, and cortisol. Methadone patients had lower baseline MHPG levels. Methadone group interactions with yohimbine were seen for systolic blood pressure and cortisol levels. Conclusions: Methadone-maintained patients are sensitive to the postsynaptic effects of noradrenergic-facilitating medications, experiencing greater physiologic and psychological symptoms, including an increase in craving. The effect on cortisol supports the above conclusion and is consistent with HPA axis perturbation in opioid dependence as reported in other studies and extends these observations to stable methadone-maintained patients. Medications that increase synaptic noradrenaline should be used with care in opioid-dependent patients.
Subchronic cocaine produces training paradigm-dependent learning deficits in laboratory rats.

The effect of cocaine on spatial learning was investigated by exposing male Sprague-Dawley rats to 0, 20, or 40 mg/kg cocaine prior to and during training on a water maze task. Half the animals were pretrained on cued trials prior to hidden platform trials, while the remaining animals completed hidden platform trials immediately. Escape latencies for all animals improved with training, but pretrained animals located the hidden platform faster than untrained animals (P .05). Thus, while cocaine did not abolish learning, the efficiency with which the task was learned was compromised. However, this effect was reduced by pretraining.
WebVR: an interactive web browser for virtual environments

The pervasive nature of web-based content has lead to the development of applications and user interfaces that port between a broad range of operating systems and databases, while providing intuitive access to static and time-varying information. However, the integration of this vast resource into virtual environments has remained elusive. In this paper we present a 3D Web Browser (WebVR) that allows users to search for arbitrary information on the Internet and to seamlessly augment the results into virtual environments. WebVR provides access to the standard data input and query mechanisms while supporting active texture-skins of web content that can be mapped onto arbitrary surfaces within the environment. Once mapped, the corresponding texture functions as a fully integrated web-browser that will respond to traditional events such as the selection of links or text input. As a result, any surface within the environment can be turned into a web-enabled resource that provides access to user-definable data. In order to leverage from the continuous advancement of browser technology and to support both static as well as streamed content, WebVR uses ActiveX controls to extract the desired texture skin from industry strength browsers, providing a unique mechanism for data fusion and extensibility.
Measuring influence of observations in predict1on and estimation for central composite designs

For a second order rotatable design, the influence of an observation at the design stage is measured by comparing the variances of a predicted response in presence and absence of the observation. Maximum, minimum and averages of the variance are used in the comparison over the region of interest. If the factorial and axial points in central composite designs are equidistant from the center, it is then shown that they are equally influential under the proposed measures and vice versa. Two illustrative examples are given to demonstrate that the factorial and axial points may or may not be equally influential and moreover, the influence of points on the prediction variance does depend on the region of interest.
Differences between rats and rabbits in hepatic cytosolic glutathione S-transferase expression in response to nitrogen heterocycle and other inducers

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) expression was examined in hepatic cytosol from rats and rabbits treated with 4-picoline, pyrrole, pyridine, pyrazine, imidazole, or piperidine using enzymatic activity, SDS-PAGE, and immunoblot analyses and the results were compared to those obtained with phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene. SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analyses of hepatic cytosol prepared from rats treated with pyrazine revealed the induction of class alpha (Ya and Yc) and mu (Yb) bands with a corresponding 2.4-fold increase in metabolic activity using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate. A new class alpha band migrating in the region of the Yc band was observed in the SDS-PAGE and detected in the immunoblot of cytosol from pyrrole-treated rats, whereas treatment with 4-picoline, imidazole, or piperidine failed to alter the expression of the major classes of GST isozymes in this species. SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analyses of rabbit hepatic cytosol revealed a unique species-dependent difference in the expression of GSTs. While phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induce class alpha and mu GST expression in rat hepatic cytosol, one of the most interesting observations was that neither of these agents stimulated GST expression in the rabbit. Immunoblot analysis of cytosol isolated from 4-picoline-treated rabbits using GST class alpha-specific IgG showed the appearance of a novel class alpha 28-kDa GST band and the concomitant disappearance of a class alpha 29-kDa GST band. In addition, SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analyses showed that treatment of rabbits with pyrrole, pyrazine, imidazole, or piperidine resulted in the disappearance of this class alpha 29-kDa GST band with no detectable expression of the class alpha 28-kDa GST band; the level of the class alpha 29-kDa band was unaffected by pyridine treatment. In contrast, immunoblot analyses of hepatic cytosol revealed that a 25.5-kDa class mu GST band disappeared following treatment with pyridine, but was unaffected by treatment with other nitrogen heterocycles. The Vmax of glutathione conjugation to the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene decreased by 52, 36, 59, 41, 37, and 32% in hepatic cytosol isolated from 4-picoline-, pyrrole-, pyridine-, pyrazine-, imidazole-, and piperidine-treated rabbits, respectively. The results suggest that nitrogen heterocycles differ in their ability to modulate glutathione S-transferase isozyme expression in rat and rabbit hepatic tissue and that rabbit hepatic GSTs are refractory to induction by agents such as pyrazine, phenobarbital, or 3-methylcholanthrene and hence these xenobiotics do not appear to be bifunctional inducers in this species.
Maps from the Mid-Ocean Dynamics Experiment: Part I. Geostrophic Streamfunction

Abstract From measurements made during the 1973 Mid-Ocean Dynamics Experiment in the western North Atlantic, horizontal maps of the total dynamic pressure (or, in the geostrophic approximation, streamfunction) have been constructed for different vertical levels and time periods by the interpolation technique of objective analysis. The space and time sampling of the observations—several tens of kilometers horizontally, hundreds of meters vertically and several days in time—were adequate for resolving mesoscale eddies. The data consisted of velocities (displacement rates) at 1500 m depth from neutrally buoyant floats and vertical density profiles throughout the water column. The resulting maps have been considered from several, essentially phenomenological, points of view. These include descriptions of the synoptic eddy structure, the time evolution and propagation of the eddies, the adequacy of linear modal vertical structure, and the correspondences and energy partition between motions in the two vertical...
Rapid inversion of eddy current data for conductivity and thickness of metal coatings

A feature-based method that determines the thickness and electrical conductivity of a coating on a metal plate from the change in the frequency-dependent impedance of an eddy-current probe coil is presented. Recently a least-squares solution of this problem was presented, which, however, requires approximately 20 CPU minutes on a DEC 5000 work station for the analysis of each set of measurements. We show that a feature-based approach can reduce the time to a few seconds on the same processor. We start by showing that a three-parameter scaling of the resistive component of the impedance change vs. frequency leads to a simple and nearly universal curve. Consequently these parameters provide a simple and compact way of expressing the data. Next, we show that the three scaling parameters can be used to construct a look-up table that determines the conductivity and thickness of the coating. Finally, we test the method using experimental data.
Forcing the Political Agenda: The Zapatista Rebellion and the Limits of Ethnic Bargaining in Mexico

The Zapatista rebels of southern Mexico have achieved considerable success both in maintaining themselves against unlikely odds and in coming to agreement with the Mexican government on issues affecting indigenous rights and identity. At the same time, a central demand, both of the Zapatistas and the indigenous movement which they have helped to revitalize, namely revision of the 1992 constitutional reforms affecting corporate claims to land and the possibility of further land reform, has been roundly rejected by the government. The paper explains both Zapatista achievements and the limits to ethnic bargaining evident in the negotiations to date through an analysis of the dynamic process by which both sides came to the negotiating table and shaped and reshaped the rules of the bargaining game. It draws on social movement theory to show how the Zapatistas in particular were able to overcome the ``asymmetry of internal conflict'' and frame the issues, enlarging its base of support to a national level. At the same time, specifically indigenous issues could be resolved much more readily than the larger concerns, including those surrounding landholding, which motivated the rebellion. The shifting political context had much to do with the government's willingness to negotiate; but the Zapatista's skill at assembling a national constituency, attracting international attention, and framing the issues were decisive in achieving accords on indigenous rights. Nevertheless, in the absence of a ``mutually hurting stalemate,'' government negotiators could continue to reject Zapatista demands on issues reaching beyond strictly ethnic concerns.
The isomerization of diacetatobis(ethylenediamine)-cobalt(III) perchlorate in dimethylsulfoxide

Previously the isomerization of cis-[Co(en) 2(OAc)2]ClO 4 in acetic acid was shown to be retarded by acetate (the lyate ion), as were similar solvolysis reactions (1,2). The retardation was ascribed to formation of an acetate (lyate) ion pair, unreactive due to a structural similarity to free ions. Further ligand exchange studies (3) demonstrated that, while exchange with solvent occurred, the isomerlzatlon itself was intramolecular. To further clarify the role of the lyate ion in the reactivity of complex ions the same system has now been briefly investigated in the aprotlc solvent dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) to which acetate bears no special relationship.
Results from long-term use of the MCC-1 static leach test method

Abstract At the Materials Characterization Center (MCC), standard tests are being developed to provide reference data for characterizing nuclear waste forms, canisters, and backfills. As part of this development program, a 1-yr test was conducted to determine the usefulness of the MCC-1 Static Leach Test Method and the quality of the data that are generated. The data generated during the tests on PNL 76-68 glass showed that the leaching of this glass at 90 °C slowed significantly with time in deionized water and silicate water leachants but continued at a significant rate in brine. The alteration phases were tentatively identified as sauconite, ferrihydrite, talc, and sepiolite. Tests also were performed at 40 and 70 °C. These results provided an estimation of 74 kJ·mol −1 ·K −1 for the activation energy. In general, the results from this study indicated the importance of long-term testing in excess of 1 yr.
Therapies for Lupus Nephritis

Excerpt To the editor: The report by Dinant and colleagues (1) describing different drug therapies for lupus nephritis contains two important lessons in addition to being an example of a welldesign...
Altered leukotriene B4 metabolism in CYP4F18-deficient mice does not impact inflammation following renal ischemia.

Abstract Inflammatory responses to infection and injury must be restrained and negatively regulated to minimize damage to host tissue. One proposed mechanism involves enzymatic inactivation of the pro-inflammatory mediator leukotriene B4, but it is difficult to dissect the roles of various metabolic enzymes and pathways. A primary candidate for a regulatory pathway is omega oxidation of leukotriene B4 in neutrophils, presumptively by CYP4F3A in humans and CYP4F18 in mice. This pathway generates ω, ω-1, and ω-2 hydroxylated products of leukotriene B4, depending on species. We created mouse models targeting exons 8 and 9 of the Cyp4f18 allele that allows both conventional and conditional knockouts of Cyp4f18. Neutrophils from wild-type mice convert leukotriene B4 to 19-hydroxy leukotriene B4, and to a lesser extent 18-hydroxy leukotriene B4, whereas these products were not detected in neutrophils from conventional Cyp4f18 knockouts. A mouse model of renal ischemia–reperfusion injury was used to investigate the consequences of loss of CYP4F18 in vivo. There were no significant changes in infiltration of neutrophils and other leukocytes into kidney tissue as determined by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, or renal injury as assessed by histological scoring and measurement of blood urea nitrogen. It is concluded that CYP4F18 is necessary for omega oxidation of leukotriene B4 in neutrophils, and is not compensated by other CYP enzymes, but loss of this metabolic pathway is not sufficient to impact inflammation and injury following renal ischemia–reperfusion in mice.
Tomographic reconstruction of ultrasonic attenuation with correction for refractive errors

The nonionizing and noninvasive characteristics of ultrasonics promote its increasing use in medical applications. Computerized ultrasonic attenuation tomography is one area where medically significant images may be reconstructed for diagnostic purposes. The objective of this work is to make an initial correction for refraction error and other problems present in computerized ultrasonic tomography. As a refinement of the scanning technique, our method attempts to provide high-quality projection profiles to the reconstruction algorithms. The important aspect of this new scanning mode lies in its correction for refraction in the measured attenuation profiles. In reconstructing phantom targets scanned by our experimental system, results superior to traditional line-of-sight scanning were obtained.
Effect of sample volume location on pulsed Doppler diastolic flow parameters in newborn infants.

Pulsed Doppler echocardiography was used to measure parameters of left and right ventricular diastolic filling from both the valve annulus and valve leaflet tips in 36 newborn infants. Absolute values for E and A velocities were 13% higher at the mitral leaflet tips and 10%–18% higher at the tricuspid tips than at the respective valve annulus. Similarly, values for diastolic velocity-time integral measurements were 6%–18% higher when sampling was performed at the leaflet tips. With the exception of the transtricuspid velocity ratio, E/A ratio values were not affected by sample volume location. Doppler sample volume location can influence velocity and velocity-time integral measurements in newborn infants. Attention to consistent sample volume location is important in serial or comparative studies.
Induction of hepatic 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine adducts by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Sprague-Dawley rats is female-specific and estrogen-dependent.

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a hepatocarcinogen that induces sex-specific hepatic neoplastic alterations in female, but not male, rats. It has been hypothesized that TCDD-induced alterations in estrogen metabolism lead to increased generation of reactive oxygen species. The resulting oxidative damage to DNA may contribute to TCDD-induced tumor promotion and hepatocarcinogenesis. This hypothesis is supported by previous observations of increased 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) adduct formation in the livers of intact, but not ovariectomized (OVX), rats following chronic exposure to TCDD. The aim of the current study was to more clearly define the roles of hormonal regulation, gender, dose−response, and exposure duration in TCDD induction of 8-oxo-dG adducts. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated male and female (both intact and OVX) rats were exposed to TCDD in the presence or absence of 17 β-estradiol. Following 30 weeks of exposure, hepatic 8-oxo-dG adduct levels were significantly higher i...
Recent Writing on Early Modern British Urban History (c. 1540‐1720)

This subject must be approached in the context established by the seminal work of Peter Clark and Paul Slack in the mid-1970s. In highlighting themes of crisis and order, emphasizing the period c. 1500-1640, deriving inspiration from the social sciences of the 1960s, and implicitly privileging provincial towns over the London metropolis, Clark and Slack set the agenda for a generation of research. Since then the emphasis has shifted gradually towards the post-Civil War era, to London as well as provincial towns, to questions raised by the ‘cultural turn’ of historical enquiry generally, and to the British rather than the insularly English scene. Technological advances of the computer age have also greatly facilitated access to primary source material, opening up new opportunities for research and teaching.
Molecular cloning and characterization of the human phosducin-like protein (hPhLP) promoter

Phosducin-like protein (PhLP) is an inducible Gbetagamma binding protein which is hypothesized to be a ubiquitous G protein regulator. To elucidate the mechanisms regulating the expression of the human PhLP (hPhLP) gene, we have cloned and characterized its 5'-flanking region. Primer extension analysis identified a major transcription initiation site 172 bp upstream of the ATG start codon. Analysis of the 5'-flanking region revealed that, although it lacked a TATA box element, the hPhLP promoter did contain several consensus binding motifs including AP4, CCAAT, CREB, NF-kappaB, SP1 and E2F. Transient transfection analyses using a series of 5'-flanking deletion/luciferase reporter gene constructs identified a 25 bp sequence (-80 to -55 bp) that is necessary for basal level transcription of the hPhLP gene in all the cell lines investigated. Interestingly, dependent upon the cell line, distinct transcription factors bind to this region suggesting that basal level hPhLP gene transcription may be regulated in a tissue-specific manner.
Ropinirole in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

In this review, the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability, and clinical efficacy of ropinirole (Requip), a non-ergoline dopamine agonist approved for use in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are examined. A summary of preclinical and clinical studies is presented. Ropinirole is safe and efficacious as monotherapy in the treatment of early PD [1-7] and as an adjunct to levodopa in more advanced cases [8-10].
Multifunction LIDAR Sensors for Non-Contact Speed Measurement in Rail Vehicles: Part 2 — Data Collection and Analysis

The application of Doppler based, LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR or lidar) technology for measuring true ground speed in a non-contacting manner is investigated, as a replacement to wheel tachometers that are commonly used for such measurements. Measuring track speed and distance traveled is an essential part of rail geometry measurement systems. Wheel tachometer measurement accuracy can often be adversely affected by wheel vibrations, change in wheel diameter, and wheel slip in high traction conditions. LIDAR is a non-contact measurement device that uses the Doppler technology to accurately determine speed. Two LIDAR sensors are attached to the underside of a track geometry car with the sensors’ Class I laser beams facing the gauge corner of each rail. The LIDAR sensors measure the absolute ground speed for each rail, allowing for the determination of forward speed and track curvature. The results of the tests show high accuracy in LIDAR speed, distance, and track curvature measurements when compared with other conventional means that are used in the railroad industry and ground truth measurements. With further development, LIDAR sensors can replace wheel tachometers that are commonly used for speed and distance measurement, therefore eliminating the problems with mechanical reliability and the need for periodic calibration of wheel tachometers.© 2013 ASME
An analytical two-dimensional model for CMOS devices at room and cryogenic temperatures

Abstract p - and n -channel MOSFETs used in twin-well CMOS integrated circuits are modeled using an analytical 2-D approach. This paper describes the formulation of a new three-region model incorporating the channel charge and presents computations which are in good agreement with experimental data and numerical simulations for short-channel PMOS and NMOS FETs operating at 77 K.
Two new isotopes with N = 157: 256Es and 255Cf

Abstract We produced the new nuclides 256Es and 255Cf by reactor-neutron irradiations of 255Es and 254Cf. The β-decay half lives of 256Es and 255Cf are 25.4±2.4 (2δ) min and 85±18 (2δ) min, respectively. We measured effective cross sections of 55±10 b for the 255Es(n, γ)256Es reaction and 4.5±1 barns for the 254Cf(n, γ)255Cf reaction.
A word of caution.

To the Editor .—Recently I had the pleasure of chairing the Food and Drug Administration ear, nose, and throat device panel evaluating the premarket approval application for use of the House/3M (House Ear Institute, Los Angeles; 3M, St Paul, Minn) single-electrode cochlear prosthesis for children. Because of the diversity of opinion with respect to the use of such devices in children, I thought it worthwhile to report the findings and make some comments. There is no doubt that this committee labored long and with anguish before reaching the decision to recommend approval. However, the final recommendations were a product of a unanimous vote. Based on the evidence that the cochlear prosthesis substantially improves speech interpretation in a few and heightened awareness to environmental sounds in many, and additionally has no measurable effect in a few, this ultimate decision was based on the evidence. The premarket application was approved with the
Who's there? Supporting audience awareness in creative content systems

In this poster abstract, we motivate and describe the design rationale for an approach to making audiences of creative content more visible and salient to producers contributing to user generated content and social media systems. Set in the specific context of digital photography, we discuss how this approach is appropriate for visualizing multiple audience types, thus supporting heterogeneous use models, relationship types and motivations. We also discuss the research questions and future assessment work through which this UI intervention will be evaluated.
Comparison of washed and unwashed plant tissue samples utilized to monitor the nutrient status of creeping bentgrass putting greens

Abstract Plant tissue analysis can be utilized by golf course superintendents to monitor a fertility program and to determine the nutrient status of turfgrass. The objectives of this study were to compare washed and unwashed plant tissue samples and to assess the nutrient status of golf course putting greens of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds. ‘Penncross'). Turfgrass clippings were collected monthly from 18 putting greens from January through June, 1993. A portion of each sample was washed with deionized water, while the remainder of the sample was not washed. Plant tissue was dried at 70°C for 72 hr at which time dry weights were determined. Samples of both washed and unwashed plant tissue were analyzed for both macro‐ and micronutrient composition. There were differences between the washed and unwashed tissue samples for macro‐ and micronutrients for certain months. The range in concentration for the unwashed samples for a given nutrient in a given month was generally greater than the range ...
Intimate Frontiers: Sex, Gender, and Culture in Old California

This book reveals how powerful undercurrents of sex, gender, and culture helped shape the history of the American frontier from the 1760s to the 1850s. Looking at California under three flags -- those of Spain, Mexico, and the United States -- Hurtado resurrects daily life in the missions, at mining camps, on overland trails and sea journeys, and in San Francisco. In these settings Hurtado explores courtship, marriage, reproduction, and family life as a way to understand how men and women -- whether Native American, Anglo American, Hispanic, Chinese, or of mixed blood -- fit into or reshaped the roles and identities set by their race and gender.
Chinatown Revisited: Owens Valley and Los Angeles—Bargaining Costs and Fairness Perceptions of the First Major Water Rights Exchange

I examine a complicated bargaining problem in the acquisition of private land and water rights by Los Angeles in Owens Valley. This is a pivotal episode in the political economy of contemporary western water. More broadly, Owens Valley provides empirical evidence on how the gains from exchange were divided among the parties andhowequityconcernsshapedtheprocessandsucceedingassessmentofmarket allocation. Negotiations for key properties took place within a bilateral monopoly context, and the bargaining strategies of both parties raised the transaction costs of exchange and formed fairness perceptions about the outcome of the exchange. I analyze the bargaining environment and estimate the determinants of when properties sold and the prices paid for land and water. Farmers who colluded did better by selling the properties than if they had remained in agriculture. Their ‘‘cartels,’’ however, were not strong enough to secure more of the surplus from reallocating water fromagriculture to urban demand. Most of thegainswent toLosAngeleslandowners, and this is a source of the notion of water ‘‘theft’’ that continues today.
A histidine residue in the extracellular N-terminal domain of the GABAA receptor α5 subunit regulates sensitivity to inhibition by zinc

The divalent cation zinc is abundant in the brain, particularly in the mossy fibers of the hippocampus. Recent evidence suggests that zinc is packaged into some synaptic vesicles in this region and can be co-released with neurotransmitter. Zinc inhibits the activity of GABA(A) receptors and the sensitivity of the receptor to zinc is influenced by its alpha subunit subtype composition. The alpha4, alpha5 and alpha6 subunits confer greater sensitivity to zinc than receptors containing other alpha subunits. The alpha4 and alpha5 subunits are highly expressed in hippocampal neurons, and likely mediate any effects of zinc on GABAergic neurotransmission in this area. The alpha5 subunit contains a unique histidine residue in the N-terminal extracellular domain while the other alpha subunits have an aspartate residue in this location. Point mutations were created to exchange the histidine and aspartate residues of the alpha1 and alpha5 subunits. Receptors containing the mutated alpha5((H195D)) subunit had reduced sensitivity to zinc, while alpha1((D191H))beta3gamma2L receptors had increased sensitivity to zinc, similar to the alpha5beta3gamma2L wild type receptors. These findings indicate that histidine195 of the alpha5 subunit plays an important role in determining the sensitivity of recombinant GABA(A) receptors to zinc.
Action Spectroscopy and Photodissociation of Vibrationally Excited Methanol

Vibrationally mediated photodissociation combined with time-of-flight detection of product H-atoms provides an electronic excitation action spectrum of jet-cooled methanol containing one quantum of O-H stretching excitation. The maximum in the electronic excitation spectrum of vibrationally excited methanol is about 2600 cm - 1 lower in total excitation energy than that for ground vibrational state methanol. A simple model using a one-dimensional vibrational wave function mapped onto a dissociative excited electronic state surface recovers the qualitative features of the spectrum. Using ab initio calculations of portions of the ground and excited potential energy surfaces, we calculate vibrational wave functions and simulate the electronic excitation spectra using the overlap integral for the bound and dissociative vibrational wave functions on the two surfaces. The qualitative agreement of the calculation with the measurement suggests that at the energy of the fundamental vibration the O-H stretch is largely uncoupled from the rest of the molecule during the dissociation.
Acoustic backup system for emergency communication to subsea blowout preventers

The development and sea tests of an acoustic hydraulic backup control system are reviewed, and a functional description of the operational system is given. A review of the system's secure coding technique is presented. Design and manufacturing philosophy of the BOP backup system and application of acoustics to production wellheads are discussed.
Measurement accuracy at radio frequencies

The interdependence of science and technology and measurement capability is especially significant in measurements at radio frequencies. An example of this symbiotic relationship involves microwave spectroscopy and quantum electronics. Accuracy of measurements at radio frequencies is highly critical in satellites and similar craft. Growing international cooperation in the exploitation of satellites for research and other peaceful uses has developed concern over compatiblity of international radio frequency measurements. Accordingly, the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in 1965 initiated a program to improve the techniques of measuring electrical quantities at radio frequencies.
Curriculum, Critical Common-Sensism, Scholasticism, and the Growth of Democratic Character

My paper concentrates on Peirce’s late essay, “Issues of Pragmaticism,” which identifies “critical common-sensism” and Scotistic realism as the two primary products of pragmaticism. I argue that the doctrines of Peirce’s critical common-sensism provide a host of commendable curricular objectives for democratic Bildung. The second half of my paper explores Peirce’s Scotistic realism. I argue that Peirce eventually returned to Aristotelian intuitions that led him to a more robust realism. I focus on the development of signs from the vague and indeterminate to the determinate and universal. The primary example will be the evolution of the very idea of number. I believe we will never arrive at the end of number history because we can never fully contain creativity. I draw similar conclusions for the idea of curriculum. Whether or not there is an end to the evolution of signs in Peirce is a matter of debate. I incline toward the opinion there is not, though I am unsure. I conclude by arguing that rationality itself is but the form and structure of poetic creation and that we should embrace paradox and even contradiction rather that become caught in totalizing and totalitarian end of history stories.
Intimate partner violence, substance use, and adverse neonatal outcomes among urban women.

Objective To assess the prevalence of intimate partner violence, substance use, and their co-occurrence during pregnancy and to examine their associations with adverse neonatal outcomes. Study design Between February 2009-February 2010, pregnant women receiving obstetrical care at 3 urban clinics were screened for intimate partner violence and substance use between 24-28 weeks gestation. A chart review was conducted upon delivery to assess for adverse neonatal outcomes of low birth weight, preterm birth, and small for gestational age (SGA). Results Maternal and neonatal data were collected on 166 mothers and their neonates. Overall, 19% of the sample reported intimate partner violence during their pregnancies. Of the study's neonates, 41% had at least 1 adverse neonatal outcome. Nearly one-half of the mothers reported using at least 1 substance during pregnancy. Women experiencing intimate partner violence had a higher prevalence of marijuana use than their nonabused counterparts ( P Conclusions The prevalence of intimate partner violence during pregnancy and substance use is high in urban mothers, the risks of which extend to their neonates. Pediatric providers are urged to routinely screen for both issues and recognize the impact of co-occurrence of these risk factors on poor neonatal and childhood outcomes.
Bound states and scattering from bound states in the light-front field theory dynamics

Starting from the Weinberg rules we derive a covariant form of the relativistic Schrodinger equation and formulate the bound state problem in the light-front field theory dynamics. We present an explicit rule for embodying the two-body subsystem in the three-body space and demonstrate that the cluster decomposition property is explicitly preserved in the light front field theory dynamics. As an application of these results we write amplitudes forπd→nN *, πd→πpn, andπd→πd, in the impulse approximation, in terms of the internal bound state wave functions and two-body reducedt-matrix elements.
Multi-spacecraft observations of magnetopause surface waves: ISEE 1 and 2 determinations of amplitude, wavelength and period

The multispacecraft ISEE mission made it possible to study propagation of surface waves on the magnetopause. One case studied in detail was near local noon at a latitude of 24.4 deg. The inferred instantaneous magnetopause normal vectors oscillated about the model magnetopause normal vector in a manner expected for a wave propagating along the magnetopause from the subsolar region. By assuming a model monochromatic wave and a constant magnetopause thickness, the best-fit that yields the three wave parameters( amplitude, wavelength, and period) is determined.
The Power of Storytelling.

In our everyday lives we hear many stories. Some reflect humor, others poignancy. Some have no specific purpose; others make a specific point in a highly effective manner. Some stories are told in a way that is very memorable; others leave the audience wondering about the key point or punch line. Stories told within families, the profession, or work settings evolved from the “oral tradition” of one’s ancestors before the development of written language. Each of us tells stories every day. In addition to being entertaining or conveying information, stories are a method by which important values and traditions are conveyed to others, including the next generation. The word “story” derives from the Greek and means knowing, knowledge, and wisdom. Thus, stories help people gain knowledge about various situations and values. This article is designed to capitalize on the art and craft of telling stories so that they convey clear, powerful messages to help others expand their skills, knowledge, and understanding. Stories serve various purposes, including insight into self, role, vision, goals, and values both personally and within organizations. For a story to convey these purposes and meaning, considerable thought and skill are required.