cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Total Synthesis of Gypsetin, Deoxybrevianamide E, Brevianamide E, and Tryprostatin B: Novel Constructions of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles

A concise and efficient total synthesis of the acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor gypsetin (1) is described. The route features a straightforward method for the introduction of a reverse prenyl group into the C2-position of an N-phthaloyl-protected tryptophan (11). The total synthesis of gypsetin was completed by the dimethyldioxirane-promoted double-oxidative cyclization of a prefashioned diketopiperazine (19). Total syntheses of deoxybrevianamide E (24) and brevianamide E (25) following similar procedures are also described. The reaction of nucleophiles with in situ-generated 3-chloroindolenines provides a route to 2,3-disubstituted indoles from 3-substituted precursors. Indications of the scope and limitations of such reactions are provided. A total synthesis of tryprostatin B (41), a diketopiperazine derived from an l-tryptophan derivative (bearing a prenyl group at the α position of the indole) and l-proline, was accomplished. The key step involved the introduction of the prenyl function ...
On the gehring link problem and the isoperimetric inequality of bombieri and simon

LetE n be a completen-dimensional Riemannian manifold and letM p andN n−p−1 be compact oriented submanifolds ofE n whcih are linked inE n . The problem (generalizing one due to Gehring whenE n is Euclidean) of finding sharp lower bounds on the volume ofM p in terms of a lower bound on the distance ofM p fromN is solved in (among other cases) the case whereE n orM p is simply connected andE n is a space form or has a nonpositive upper bound on its sectional curvatures. The main technical tool is a generalization of an isoperimetric inequality of Bombieri and Simon which they used to solve Gehring's problem.
Barriers to Prevention: Knowledge of HPV, Cervical Cancer, and HPV Vaccinations among African American Women

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge of the human papillomavirus (HPV), cervical cancer, and HPV vaccination in African American women (AAW). Study Design This study was a quantitative cross-sectional survey of English-speaking, AAW, 18-70 years old who were recruited from a community fair in Chicago, IL. Surveys were distributed to a convenience sample to assess knowledge of HPV, cervical cancer, and the HPV vaccine. Cumulative knowledge scores were calculated for each participant, and analysis was performed to identify factors that were associated with adequate knowledge scores. Results Three hundred twenty-two surveys were distributed; 242 surveys were collected, and 215 surveys met inclusion criteria. Mean knowledge score was 12.3 ± 4.2 (mean ± SD) of a maximum score of 28 (range, 3–23); 73% of participants scored P = .007), household income ( P = .010), and having a child who had been offered the HPV vaccine ( P = .041) were associated with adequate (≥65% accuracy) knowledge scores. Conclusion Knowledge of HPV, cervical cancer, and HPV vaccination was low in this urban African American adult female population. Targeted educational health programs are needed to increase awareness among these women who have the highest rate of cervical cancer mortality in the United States. Such patient educational programs must be developed by physicians and should address the cultural and literacy needs of this particular group of women. In addition, AAW exert influence on the health of their communities and are integral in health-related decision-making; thus, educating them through their health care providers will have far ranging impact.
Images of the City in the social sciences

Two decades ago, Kevin Lynch began to transform thinking in the field of urban design by exploring images of the city held by different people. These differences—never systematically explored before—produced some fruitful research by Lynch and by a number of other people who were influenced directly and indirectly by the main lines of these investigations: in essence, by the differences between the images held by professionals and nonprofessionals (such as children, older people, women, and persons in different occupations); and by the differences in design and in psychological, sociological, anthropological, and other methods of conducting these studies and of interpreting the findings.1
Acute and Chronic Elevations in Serum Levels of FSH After Unilateral Ovariectomy in the Cyclic Hamster

During the normal 4-day estrous cycle of the hamster, 12.0 ± 0.4 (n = 34) ova were shed by the paired ovaries on Day 1. When unilateral ovariectomy (ULO) was performed at 0900 h on any one of the first 3 days of the cycle, approximately the same number of ova were released from the remaining ovary on Day 1 of the ensuing postoperative cycle (compensatory ovulation), except after ULO on Day 4. In view of these results, the principal aim of the present study was to determine if ULO affected acute (24 h postoperative period) and chronic (postoperative cycles) alterations in serum levels of immunoreactive FSH. Multiple bleedings were obtained by cardiac puncture without anesthesia. The acute alteration in FSH levels was first examined at 24-h intervals following ULO at 0930 h on any one day of the cycle, and significant elevations in these levels were found 24 h postoperatively in all but Day-2 hemicastrates. Several experiments were then performed to determine the time-sequence for this 24-h response to ULO....
Evaluation of Linear and Nonlinear Tomosynthetic Reconstruction Methods in Digital Mammography

Abstract Rationale and Objectives The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate digital planar mammography and both linear and nonlinear tomosynthetic reconstruction methods. Materials and Methods A “disk” (ie, target) identification study was conducted to compare planar and reconstruction methods. Projective data using a composite phantom with circular disks were acquired in both planar and tomographic modes by using a full-field, digital mammographic system. Two-dimensional projections were reconstructed with both linear (ie, backprojection) and nonlinear (ie, maximization and minimization) tuned-aperture computed tomographic (TACT) methods to produce three-dimensional data sets. Four board-certified radiologists and one 4th-year radiology resident participated as observers. All images were compared by these observers in terms of the number of disks identified. Results Significant differences ( P P Conclusion A combination of linear and nonlinear reconstruction schemes may have potential implications in terms of enhancing image visualization to provide radiologists with valuable diagnostic information.
A comparison of sender-initiated and receiver-initiated reliable multicast protocols

Sender-initiated reliable multicast protocols, based on the use of positive acknowledgments (ACKs), lead to an ACK implosion problem at the sender as the number of receivers increases. Briefly, the ACK implosion problem refers to the significant overhead incurred by the sending host due to the processing of ACKs from each receiver. A potential solution to this problem is to shift the burden of providing reliable data transfer to the receivers—thus resulting in a receiver-initiated multicast error control protocol based on the use of negative acknowledgments (NAKs). In this paper we determine the maximum throughputs of the sending and receiving hosts for generic sender-initiated and receiver-initiated protocols. We show that the receiver-initiated error control protocols provide substantially higher throughputs than their sender-initiated counterparts. We further demonstrate that the introduction of random delays prior to generating NAKs coupled with the multicasting of NAKs to all receivers has the potential for an additional substantial increase in the throughput of receiver-initiated error control protocols over sender-initiated protocols.
Social presence in virtual communities of foreign language (FL) teachers

Abstract This paper investigates the development of social presence in communities of language teachers at two universities. Specifically, our research sheds light on how social presence is characterized according to the technological tools used to link the community of language teachers. Over the period of a 14 week semester, nine electronic journal entries were collected from 14 FL teachers-in-training. The participants were divided into three different groups: traditional journalers (four individuals), dialogue journalers (two pairs), and group journalers (six students). Using the theoretical framework for communities of inquiry created by (Rourke, L., Anderson, T., Archer, W., Garrison, D.R., 2001. Assessing social presence in asynchronous, text-based computer conferences. Journal of Distance Education 14, 51–70), the discourse from each of these discussions was coded and analyzed to investigate changes in social presence in conjunction with the technological tools used to link the communities. Results suggest that while paired and group journalers produced more discourse than the traditional journalers, social presence trends vary across each type of journaling, and each group co-constructs their social presence differently.
The notch target gene HES1 regulates cell cycle inhibitor expression in the developing pituitary

The pituitary is an endocrine gland responsible for the release of hormones, which regulate growth, metabolism, and reproduction. Diseases such as hypopituitarism or pituitary adenomas are able to disrupt pituitary function leading to suboptimal function of the entire endocrine system. Growth of the pituitary during development and adulthood is a tightly regulated process. Hairy and enhancer of split (HES1), a transcription factor whose expression is initiated by the Notch signaling pathway, is a repressor of cell cycle inhibitors. We hypothesize that with the loss of Hes1, pituitary progenitors are no longer maintained in a proliferative state, choosing instead to exit the cell cycle. To test this hypothesis, we examined the expression of cell cycle regulators in wild-type and Hes1-deficient pituitaries. Our studies indicate that in early pituitary development [embryonic day (e) 10.5], cells contained in the Rathke's pouch of Hes1 mutants have decreased proliferation, indicated by changes in phosphohistone H3 expression. Furthermore, pituitaries lacking Hes1 have increased cell cycle exit, shown by significant increases in the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p27 and p57, from e10.5 to e14.5. Additionally, Hes1 mutant pituitaries have ectopic expression of p21 in Rathke's pouch progenitors, an area coincident with increased cell death. These observations taken together indicate a role for HES1 in the control of cell cycle exit and in mediating the balance between proliferation and differentiation, allowing for the properly timed emergence of hormone secreting cell types.
Electrothermal Analysis of Breakdown in Carbon Nanofiber Interconnects

To elucidate the observed current capacity behavior, a model is developed that takes into account heat transport through the entire carbon nanofiber interconnect test structure and breakdown location. The model also includes variations in contact location with the support material. The resulting predicted heat dissipation and current capacity are completely consistent with experimental data.
Distorted Communication, Unequal Representation: Constituents Communicate Less to Representatives Not of Their Race

Communications from constituents strongly shape the representation politicians provide. However, if politicians hear less from some constituents than others, this unequal communication may lead to unequal representation. In this article, I present a field experiment demonstrating that constituents are less likely to communicate to representatives not of their race. The experiment exploited electoral rules in Maryland, where several multimember districts have both black and white representatives. I provided 8,829 residents of such districts an opportunity to communicate to one of their actual representatives, whose race I randomized. Both blacks and whites were markedly less likely to communicate to their representatives not of their race. These results imply that politicians receive racially distorted communication, hearing disproportionately infrequently from constituents unlike them. The fact that most racial minorities have white representatives may thus help explain both minorities� less frequent communication to their representatives and the diminished substantive representation minorities typically receive.
Regulation of Human Gonadotropins. XII. Increase in Serum Gonadotropins in Response to Estradiol

Two potential but very different roles played by estradiol during the normal menstrual cycle were investigated: 1) the ability of estradiol to release pituitary luteinizing hormone; and 2) the possible role of estradiol as an inhibitor of follicular development. In the first study, five regularly cycling women were given estradiol benzoate (5 μg/kg) between days 2 and 6 of their menstrual cycle. Within 12 to 48 hours of the last estradiol injection, all subjects had a 2- to 4-fold elevation in serum LH concentrations but no significant rise in FSH concentration as compared to pretreatment levels. Eleven to fourteen days prior to menstruation there was a second surge of LH and a small FSH surge. Serum progesterone concentrations rose in four of the five subjects after the second but not the first LH surge. The elevation in serum LH concentrations following estradiol administration may have been a direct result of the increased estradiol concentrations or, alternatively, a consequence of the decline of this...
Important Characteristics In An MBA Program: The Perceptions Of Online MBA Students

This study examines characteristics important to online MBA students and alumni. The study looks at what characteristics are important in an online MBA Program and if the level of importance of these characteristics varies by demographic variables. The study focuses on availability, program quality, program length, cost, and courses in the curriculum. The results suggest that the importance of characteristics in a MBA program falls into three tiers. The most important characteristic is availability. The next tier of importance is quality, program length, and cost. There is no significant difference in importance among these three characteristics, but they are all significantly lower in importance than availability. The final characteristic is courses as this is rated significantly lower than the other characteristics in terms of importance. The research also examined if there were differences in importance characteristics by gender, age, years’ work experience and income and found while the basic order rankings were very similar across the different demographic variables, there were a few differences among demographic groups. Women rated as quality, length, and courses at a higher level of importance than men did. Finally, those with more years work experience rated availability at a significantly higher level of importance than those with fewer years work experience.
Analysis of Fyn function in hemostasis and αIIbβ3-integrin signaling

Recent studies have shown that Src-family kinases (SFKs) play an important role in mediating integrin signalling, and the beta3 subunit of alphaIIbbeta3 integrin has been shown to interact with multiple SFK members. Here, we analyzed the interactions and functional consequences of Fyn and Src binding to alphaIIbbeta3. Fyn associated with the beta3 subunit in resting and thrombin-aggregated platelets, whereas interaction between Src and alphaIIbbeta3 was seen predominantly in resting but not in thrombin-aggregated platelets. We have also observed that Fyn but not Src localized to focal adhesions in CHO cells adherent to fibrinogen through alphaIIbbeta3. On the basis of these differences, we wanted to determine the sequence requirements for the interaction of Fyn and Src within the beta3-cytoplasmic domain. Whereas Src association required the C-terminal region of beta3, Fyn continued to interact with mutants that could no longer associate with Src and that contained as few as 13 membrane-proximal amino acids of the beta3-cytoplasmic tail. Using deletion mutants of beta3-cytoplasmic tails expressed as GST-fusion proteins, we narrowed down the Fyn-binding site even further to the amino acid residues 721-725 (IHDRK) of the beta3-cytoplasmic domain. On the basis of these observations, we explored whether Fyn-/- mice exhibited any abnormalities in hemostasis and platelet function. We found that Fyn-/- mice significantly differed in their second bleeding times compared with wild-type mice, and platelets from Fyn-/- mice exhibited delayed spreading on fibrinogen-coated surfaces. Using mutant forms of Fyn, it appears that its kinase activity is required for its localization to focal adhesions and to mediate alphaIIbbeta3-dependent cell spreading. Our results suggest that Fyn and Src have distinct requirements for interaction with alphaIIbbeta3; and, consequently, the two SFK can mediate different functional responses.
Paleoenvironments of Forbes Formation: ABSTRACT

The Upper Cretaceous Forbes Formation of California's Great Valley is a sequence of mudstones, shales, and sandstones, interpreted as lower slope-fan fringe to midfan facies deposited in a forearc basin. It contains two different foraminiferal faunas: one is largely agglutinated; the other, restricted to the lowermost Dobbins Shale Member, is more diverse. These faunas are the result of turbiditic sedimentation and differential preservation. The Dobbins--a limy, concretionary mudstone--represents low net accumulation rates above the carbonate compensation depth, but below the foraminiferal lysocline. Oxygen levels were low, but not continuously anaerobic. Sediment texture is nonlaminated, but the preservation of calcareous foraminifera suggests bioturbation was intermittent and not extensive. An increase in sedimentation rates occurs in the middle Forbes, with an increase in the number and thickness of sand beds. The lack of calcareous species is largely the result of episodic sedimentation and increased bioturbation. In the upper member, the number of sand beds and the accumulation rate decrease. Paleobathymetric estimates, based on agglutinated foraminifera, suggest an upper abyssal-lower bathyal depth throughout the formation, with an indication of minor shallowing upsection. The Santonian/Campanian boundary occurs at the top of the Dobbins shale, as marked by the first appearance of the calcareous nannofossil, Broinsonia parca. The Forbes Formation is included in the Globotruncana arca planktonic foraminifera zone. End_of_Article - Last_Page 681------------
Event-related potentials elicited by spoken relative clauses.

Abstract Sentence-length event-related potential (ERP) waveforms were obtained from 23 scalp sites as 24 subjects listened to normally spoken sentences of various syntactic structures. The critical materials consisted of 36 sentences each containing one of two types of relative clauses that differ in processing difficulty, namely Subject Object (SO) and Subject Subject (SS) relative clauses. Sentence-length ERPs showed several differences in the slow scalp potentials elicited by SO and SS sentences that were similar in their temporal dynamics to those elicited by the same stimuli in a word-by-word reading experiment, although the effects in the two modalities have non-identical distributions. Just as for written sentences, there was a large, fronto-central negativity beginning at the linguistically defined “gap” in the SO sentences; this effect was largest for listeners with above-median comprehension rates and is hypothesized to index changes in on-line processing demands during comprehension.
Identification of Glycinin and β-Conglycinin Subunits that Contribute to the Increased Protein Content of High-Protein Soybean Lines

Seed protein concentration of commercial soybean cultivars calculated on a dry weight basis ranges from approximately 37 to 42% depending on genotype and location. A concerted research effort is ongoing to further increase protein concentration. Several soybean plant introductions (PI) are known to contain greater than 50% protein. These PIs are exploited by breeders to incorporate the high-protein trait into commercial North American cultivars. Currently, limited information is available on the biochemical and genetic mechanisms that regulate high-proteins. In this study, we have carried out proteomic and molecular analysis of seed proteins of LG00-13260 and its parental high-protein lines PI 427138 and BARC-6. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that the high-protein lines accumulated increased amounts of beta-conglycinin and glycinins, when compared with Williams 82. High-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis utilizing pH 4-7 and pH 6-11 ampholytes enabled improved resolution of soybean seed proteins. A total of 38 protein spots, representing the different subunits of beta-conglycinin and glycinin, were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. High-protein was correlated with an increase in the accumulation of most of the subunits representing beta-conglycinin and glycinin. Comparisons of the amino acid profiles of high-protein soybean lines revealed that the concentration of sulfur amino acids, a reflection of protein quality, was not influenced by the protein concentration. Southern blot analysis showed the presence of genotypic variation at the DNA level between PI 427138 and BARC-6 for the genes encoding group1 glycinin, beta-conglycinin, Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI), and the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI). LG00-13260 inherited the allelic variants of the parental line PI 427138 for glycinin, beta-conglycinin, and KTI, while BBI was inherited from the parental line BARC-6. The results of our study indicate that high-seed protein concentration is attributed to greater accumulation of specific components of beta-conglycinin and glycinin subunits presumably mediated by preferential expression of these genes during seed development.
Decomposition of a class of optimal control problems

By considering two forms of motions of coordinates of multivariable control systems with intragroup symmetry-total proper an relative motions-and the corresponding forms of controls, it is possible to reduce the original control system and performance functional to the equivalent equations of the motions and to the transformed performance functional, respectively. The optimal control problem is decomposed into two optimal control problems of lesser order than the original problem. >
Stress in Polyimide Coatings

The effect of film thickness on in-plane molecular orientation and stress in polyimide films prepared from pyromellitic dianhydride with 4,4′-oxydianline was investigated using a prism coupling technique to measure the refractive index. Film thickness was controlled by varying both solution concentration and spinning conditions. Birefringence, the difference between the in-plane and out-of-plane refractive indices, was used to characterize the in-plane molecular orientation. The observed birefringence is a combination of the birefringence resulting from molecular orientation and the birefringence induced by the residual stress present in the films. The birefringence decreases with increasing film thickness over the range of thicknesses studied (3–20 μm) indicating that the molecular orientation decreases with increasing film thickness. The in-plane coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CTE), controlled by the level of orientation in the film, increases from 18 to 32 × 10−6/°C over the same thickness range. The birefringence of free-standing films was lower than that of adhered films due to the release of residual stress in the film once the film is removed from the substrate. The residual film stress arises primarily from the mismatch in CTEs between the polyimide film and the substrate to which the film is adhered. Thus, since the film anisotropy decreases with increasing thickness, the film stress increases with increasing thickness. Residual stress calculated by integrating the product of the film modulus and the CTE mismatch assuming temperature-dependent properties is comparable to experimentally measured film stress. Ignoring the temperature dependence of the film properties leads to an overestimation of stress. Moisture uptake was used to study the stress dependence of the optical properties. Moisture uptake increases both the in-plane and out-of-plane refractive indices by equal amounts in free-standing films due to an isotropic increase in the polarizability. In adhered films, an increase in moisture uptake leads to a decrease in the birefringence due to a swelling-induced decrease in the residual film stress. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In vitro regulation of a mouse myelomonocytic leukemia line adapted to culture.

Regulation of the growth and production of granulocyte colony-stimulating activity (CSA) by WEHI-3 cells, a lysozyme-secreting mouse cell line adapted to culture, was investigated in vitro . WEHI-3 cloning efficiency is not enhanced by exogenously added CSA. However, WEHI-3 cloning efficiency in agar was suppressed by an activity in human polymorphonuclear neutrophil extract (colony-inhibiting activity) which inhibits endogenous WEHI-3 CSA production. The addition of increasing concentrations of WEHI-3- or L cell-conditioned medium containing CSA to CIA-depressed WEHI-3 agar cultures resulted in graded increases of cloning efficiency to that of the untreated sample. Testosterone, Deca-Durabolin, and bacterial lipopolysaccharide increased production of CSA by WEHI-3 cells and overcame colony-inhibiting activity-mediated suppression of CSA production, even when activating agents were added 1 day after the addition of colony-inhibiting activity. The activating agents had no direct stimulatory effect on normal mouse marrow colony-forming cells and did not enhance CSA activity. WEHI-3 cells respond to growth inhibitory and stimulatory activities and can serve as an in vitro model for studying the regulation of neoplastic cells.
SLIM: a sliding linear model for estimating the proportion of true null hypotheses in datasets with dependence structures.

Motivation: The pre-estimate of the proportion of null hypotheses (π0) plays a critical role in controlling false discovery rate (FDR) in multiple hypothesis testing. However, hidden complex dependence structures of many genomics datasets distort the distribution of p-values, rendering existing π0 estimators less effective. Results: From the basic non-linear model of the q-value method, we developed a simple linear algorithm to probe local dependence blocks. We uncovered a non-static relationship between tests’ p-values and their corresponding q-values that is influenced by data structure and π0. Using an optimization framework, these findings were exploited to devise a Sliding Linear Model (SLIM) to more reliably estimate π0 under dependence. When tested on a number of simulation datasets with varying data dependence structures and on microarray data, SLIM was found to be robust in estimating π0 against dependence. The accuracy of its π0 estimation suggests that SLIM can be used as a stand-alone tool for prediction of significant tests.
Correction to “A 1–9 Linear-Wide-Tuning-Range Quadrature Ring Oscillator in 130 nm CMOS for Non-Contact Vital Sign Radar Application” [Jan 10 34-36]

In the above titled letter (ibid., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 34-36, Jan. 2010), an incorrect version of (3) was published. The correct version is presented here.
Edward J. Hughes. Proust, Class, & Nation. Oxford, New York: Oxford UP, 2011. xiii + 287 pp.

Review of Edward J. Hughes. Proust, Class, & Nation. Oxford, New York: Oxford UP, 2011. xiii + 287 pp.
Afrotopia: W. E. B. Du Bois and Antimodernism

SECTION I: ARMINIANISM, ANTINOMIANISM, AND AFRICANITY IN RELIGION “A foolish consistency,” says Ralph Waldo Emerson, “is the hobgoblin of little minds.” Complexity of thought may, conversely, be the mark of a spacious mind, and it is in this spirit that I allude, over the course of this and the next chapter, to the complicated and endlessly inventive thinking of W. E. B. Du Bois. Preeminently a dialectician, he frequently championed apparently opposing positions, sometimes within the scope of a single paragraph. Thus, he could be a spirited advocate of Pan-Africanism, while insisting that African peoples were members of a world community centered in universal values. He could defend African Americans' institutional separatism, while crusading relentlessly for their citizenship rights. He could propose an open and inclusive American society, and still oppose the radical integrationism of Walter White and Thurgood Marshall, who argued that segregation inherently implied inequality. His selective advocacy of separatism led to his eventual rupture with Walter White and the other leadership of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). In his 1940 publication Dusk of Dawn, Du Bois conceded that Booker T. Washington's emphasis on separate institutional development had always contained elements of validity. Discovery of this fact often surprises those who have not read Du Boise's earlier writings with care. Du Bois had never pledged himself to institutional assimilation, and in his later years he seemed to recognize a similarity between his own ideas and the Stalinist agenda of multinationality within an American union.
Carbon-supported FeMn and KFeMn clusters for the synthesis of C2C4 olefins from CO and H2: II. Activity and selectivity maintenance and regenerability

Abstract Highly dispersed carbon-supported MnFe and KMnFe catalysts were prepared which showed activity stabilization after a loss of approximately 50% of the initial activity during 24–110 h on-stream. The deactivation was attributed to carbon deposition, rather than sintering, and could be reversed by a treatment in hydrogen at reaction temperatures. Precursors with Fe Mn = 2 optimized the olefin selectivity, and mixed-metal clusters of this type gave higher selectivities than their coimpregnated counterparts. A low reduction temperature (473 K) for the unpromoted NEt 4 [Fe 2 Mn(CO) 13 ]catalyst gave a high selectivity to olefins which remained stable during the 24-h period the catalyst was maintained under reaction conditions. The particularly high C 2 C 4 olefin yields obtained with the K[Fe 2 Mn(CO) 13 ] catalyst were sustained throughout the 26-h activity maintenance run.
Release of Anti-inflammatory Peptides from Thermosensitive Nanoparticles with Degradable Cross-Links Suppresses Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production

Pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) are mediators in the development of many inflammatory diseases. To demonstrate that macrophages take up and respond to thermosensitive nanoparticle drug carriers, we synthesized PEGylated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate) particles cross-linked with degradable disulfide (N,N'-bis(acryloyl)cystamine) (NGPEGSS). An anti-inflammatory peptide (KAFAK) was loaded and released from the thermosensitive nanoparticles and shown to suppress levels of TNF-α and IL-6 production in macrophages. Cellular uptake of fluorescent, thermosensitive, and degradable nanoparticles and therapeutic efficacy of free KAFAK peptide compared to that of KAFAK loaded in PEGylated degradable thermosensitive nanoparticles were examined. The data suggests that the degradable, thermosensitive nanoparticles loaded with KAFAK may be an effective tool to treat inflammatory diseases.
Custom Multiwell Plate Design for Rapid Assembly of Photopatterned Hydrogels

The extracellular matrix provides both mechanical support and biochemical cues that influence cellular behavior. Matrix stiffness, in particular, has been found to regulate cellular morphology, motility, proliferation, differentiation, and drug responses among other behaviors. Thus, biomaterial platforms that exhibit wide range of stiffness and are available in a semi high-throughput format such as a multiwell plate would be useful for elucidating cell–substrate relationships. Polyacrylamide (PA) gels have been widely used as cell platforms since they span a range of stiffness between 0.3 and 300 kPa in Young's modulus, which encompasses all soft tissues. However, PA gels are time consuming and labor intensive to prepare, and are not amenable to a multiwell plate format. In this study, we present a novel custom multiwell plate design that allows for a one-step stiffness assay assembly that reduces preparation time and labor intensity by several fold. Gel stiffness is controlled by ultraviolet light intens...
The Negotiation Analysis Pattern.

Negotiation is a general concept that has wide range of applications that span various contexts. This paper introduces the Negotiation analysis pattern. This pattern aims to provide a model that analyzes the core concept of the negotiation. In order to achieve this goal, Negotiation pattern is built based on the concepts of Stable Analysis Patterns we have introduced before in [2, 3,4]. The paper provides detailed documentation of the proposed pattern. In addition, it demonstrates the usage of the pattern through the mean of examples.
Probing extracellular Sonic hedgehog in neurons

The bioactivity of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) depends on specific lipid modifications; a palmitate at its N-terminus and a cholesterol at its C-terminus. This dual-lipid modification makes Shh molecules lipophilic, which prevents them from diffusing freely in extracellular space. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that Shh proteins are carried by various forms of extracellular vesicles (EVs). It also has been shown, for instance, that in some tissues Shh proteins are transported to neighboring cells directly via filopodia. We have previously reported that Shh proteins are expressed in hippocampal neurons. In this study we show that, in the hippocampus and cerebellum of postnatal day (P)2 rats, Shh is mostly found near or on the membrane surface of small neurites or filopodia. We also examined cultured hippocampal neurons where we observed noticeable and widespread Shh-immunolabeled vesicles located outside neurons. Through immunoelectron microscopy and biochemical analysis, we find Shh-containing EVs with a wide range of sizes. Unlike robust Shh activity in EVs isolated from cells overexpressing an N-terminal Shh fragment construct, we did not detect measurable Shh activity in EVs purified from the medium of cultured hippocampal neurons. These results suggest the complexity of the transcellular Shh signaling mechanisms in neurons.
Cross-modal integration of multimodal courtship signals in a wolf spider

Cross-modal integration, i.e., cognitive binding of information transmitted in more than one signal mode, is important in animal communication, especially in complex, noisy environments in which signals of many individuals may overlap. Males of the brush-legged wolf spider Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz) use multimodal communication (visual and vibratory signals) in courtship. Because females may be courted by multiple males at the same time, they must evaluate co-occurring male signals originating from separate locations. Moreover, due to environmental complexity, individual components of male signals may be occluded, altering detection of sensory modes by females. We used digital multimodal playback to investigate the effect of spatial and temporal disparity of visual and vibratory components of male courtship signals on female mate choice. Females were presented with male courtship signals with components that varied in spatial location or temporal synchrony. Females responded to spatially disparate signal components separated by ≥90° as though they were separate sources, but responded to disparate signals separated by ≤45° as though they originated from a single source. Responses were seen as evidence for cross-modal integration. Temporal disparity (asynchrony) in signal modes also affected female receptivity. Females responded more to male signals when visual and vibratory modes were in synchrony than either out-of-synch or interleaved/alternated. These findings are consistent with those seen in both humans and other vertebrates and provide insight into how animals overcome communication challenges inherent in a complex environment.
Dialogues within Dialogues

When Caroline decided that I should work with Kent, I was excited because I enjoy working with deep thinking creative scholars. But within each of my conversations with Kent, there were other dialogues, histories, memories that were intersecting, that continuously informed how I would mentor Kent. These intersecting dialogues were the result of the complicated positions in which we found ourselves – student, teacher, minoritized woman, untenured faculty, qualitative researcher, privileged, man, woman, White, Brown, etc.
Subsurface Microbial Ecosystems: A Photon Flux and a Metabolic Cascade

Mud is a porous medium containing a high density of diverse microorganisms. It is out of equilibrium as the energy from a photon flux is dissipated by a cascade of biochemical reactions, mediated by the metabolisms of the constituent organisms. Despite its complexity, microbes in nature self-organize into simple reproducible patterns. We present two experiments in which the dynamics of natural mud coming to steady state are observed and modeled. In the first, the oxygen gradient produced by cyanobacteria in an imposed light gradient is measured. In the second, a thin front of oxygen-consuming microbes forms at the penetration depth of oxygen and moves with the changing oxygen gradient.
Poster: A lightweight localization algorithm using V2V and V2I short range communication in highly dense reference networks

With the rapid advancement of communication technologies, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are eminently becoming reality. A major component of ITS is the Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC) technologies, including the recent advancements in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs). VANETs have a heterogenous architecture, where vehicles act as mobile nodes with on-board communication and computational units, and stationary Road-Side Units (RSUs) are placed along the roads to facilitate internet-based services.
A Modified Hydroxyproline Assay Based on Hydrochloric Acid in Ehrlich's Solution Accurately Measures Tissue Collagen Content

Collagen quantification has long been relevant to biomedical research and clinical practice to characterize tissues and determine disease states. The hydroxyproline assay, while a broadly employed method of quantifying collagen, uses perchloric acid to dissolve Ehrlich's reagent. Since perchloric acid poses occupational safety hazards and high costs, in this study, a new hydroxyproline assay was developed that replaces perchloric acid with a relatively safer and cheaper alternative, hydrochloric acid (HCl). To validate this biochemical technique, first, using either acid to dissolve Ehrlich's reagent, the assays were completed for native and engineered collagenous tissues. No statistical differences were identified between the assays (p = 0.32). Subsequently, both biochemical techniques were compared to amino acid analysis, considered a proteomics gold standard. Interestingly, utilizing HCl in lieu of perchloric acid yielded greater concordance with amino acid analysis (ρc = 0.980) than did the traditional assay (ρc = 0.947); that is, the HCl-based assay more closely estimates hydroxyproline content, and, consequently, true collagen content. Thus, using Ehrlich's reagent containing HCl in the hydroxyproline assay represents an advance in both mitigating laboratory safety hazards and improving biochemical collagen quantification.
Resonance Raman and Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Cytochrome C Mutants

Mitochondrial cytochrome c is one of the most extensively studied proteins not only because of its important role in energy transduction, but also because it provides a paradigm for other globular proteins [1]. Evidence as to the role of specific amino acids in the structure/functional behavior of the protein has been gleaned from correlation of extensive data obtained from high resolution crystallography, 2-D-NOSEY nmr spectroscopy and amino acid analysis of eukaryotic cytochromes with their various properties. Three properties of particular importance include those of the heme prosthetic group, its electron transfer kinetics with its physiological partners and its redox potential, and the overall stability of the protein. Extensive studies of cytochromes labeled with redox active species have established that the intramolecular electron transfer kinetics are influenced by the amino acid pathway. It is also well-known that the redox potential of the heme is influenced strongly by the nature of the axial iigand to iron in heme-containing proteins, as well as the hydrophobicity of the heme environment. Recently, site-directed mutagenesis of invariant amino acids near the heme, but not directly ligated to it, have established that these substitutions can have considerable effect on the protein stability [1].
A Statewide Surgical Coaching Program Provides Opportunity for Continuous Professional Development

Objective:We sought to develop and evaluate a video-based coaching program for board-eligible/certified surgeons.Summary Background Data:Multiple disciplines utilize coaching for continuous professional development; however, coaching is not routinely employed for practicing surgeons.Methods:Peer-nom
Laboratory criteria for menopause in women using oral contraceptives

Objective To evaluate laboratory criteria for menopause in women taking oral contraceptives (OC). Design Prospective, uncontrolled pilot study. Setting San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, and Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Patients Twenty-eight menopausal women. Interventions Fourteen menopausal women received triphasic 35 μ g ethinyl E 2 and 180–215–250 μ g norgestimate, and 14 menopausal women received monophasic 30 μ g ethinyl E 2 -150 μ g desogestrel. Main Outcome Measures Serum FSH, LH, and E 2 levels were evaluated on days 14 and 28 (day 7 of the pill-free interval) of the third cycle of pills. Results Twelve women in each group completed the study. Fifteen (62.5%) subjects still had a serum FSH 1 and 20 of 21 (95%) subjects had E 2 Conclusions Measuring FSH on the 7th day of the pill-free interval is not a sensitive test for menopause. Serum FSH:LH ratio >1 or E 2
Social and Asocial Enterprise

One of the most significant recent developments in law and business has been the rise of the “social enterprise” movement. This development raises a host of questions: What counts as social enterprise? What is the impact of this categorizing? Does the category of social enterprise, or the related new legal form of the benefit corporation, in turn define others by contradistinction or otherwise affect their treatment? This chapter examines these questions with an aim that is two-fold: to bring together key points in the social enterprise and benefit corporation debates thus far, from the perspective of thinking about categories and their implications; and to step back to reflect on larger trends and potential directions that these developments might contribute to and push toward. Specifically, this chapter argues that two developing trends — the increasingly political marketplace and the expanding scope of corporate rights — are areas in which we may in coming years feel the impact of the social enterprise movement and benefit corporations.
Tools for Working with Spanish-Speaking Latino Couples

This chapter provides a treatment outline and handouts for therapists working with distressed couples. The treatment consists of seven modules that occur over 12–18, 1 h sessions. The outlines described in this chapter were informed by key principles from evidence-based treatments for couples. Module 1 covers the intake and assessment sessions, in which the goals are to build rapport and provide feedback to the couple. In Module 2, couples are taught communication skills (e.g., speaker/listener roles), and they also practice these skills with a low-conflict issue. In Module 3, couples work through gaining a deeper understanding of one or two moderate-/high-conflict issues. Module 4 addresses how couples can identify triggers for their arguments and also reviews how to use a time-out strategy. In Module 5, couples learn problem-solving skills, and couples apply these skills to a specific problem. Module 6 focuses on increasing intimacy, through completing fun activities together and changing behaviors. Finally, Module 7 addresses termination issues and how to plan for life after therapy. When relevant, the modules include handouts to be used in session, as well as homework handouts that couples complete at home to further practice the learned skills.
Is the global sea surface temperature rise accelerating

Abstract This is an exploratory investigation to search for the presence of an acceleration in global sea surface temperature rise, which is essential to identify anthropogenic contributions to the climate change during the 20th century. A weighted statistical model with an acceleration parameter was built progressively to reconstruct the variations in the global sea surface temperature data considering statistically significant confounders and autoregressive disturbances in the process. From the preliminary residual analysis of a weighted regression model, emerged a parsimonious model with first order autoregressive disturbances with a deterministic trend, acceleration and periodicity of 69 yr and its 138 yr subharmonic. The final model solution, selected from 29 alternative combinations of the model parameters using Mallows's Cp metric, revealed a statistically significant deterministic trend, 0.40 ± 0.03 °C/c (p
Critical complicity: The feel of difference at work in home and field:

This provocation to debate begins with the observation that critical management and organization scholars exhibit powerful capacity for critiquing, weaker capacity for changing, and atrophied capac...
Neural Tissue Engineering

Biomaterials have played a role in the nervous system as drug delivery vehicles and scaffolds. The nervous system, both the peripheral and central, are capable of repair and regeneration when the appropriate environment is presented and this suggests that biomaterials could fundamentally change treatment following injury and disease by building a permissive environment for repair. Yet, when engineers have used materials particularly as scaffolds, one of the most striking findings is how similar many of their results have been across types of materials and approaches. Clearly, there is much still to learn. Part of that learning process comes from looking at what has succeeded in the clinic and using that to design the next generation of translatable approaches to treatment.
Students with the Most Significant Cognitive Disabilities Who Are Also English Learners.

There is a dearth of research describing the small population of students who have significant cognitive disabilities and are also English learners (ELs). This study expands what is known about thi...
Breech Extraction of a Second Twin

Abstract When delivering twins, vaginal delivery is still possible even with the second twin in a nonvertex presentation. The feet are grasped and manually delivered through the vagina. Arms and fetal head are then delivered. This chapter details proper breech extraction technique.