cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A hybrid wave pipelined network router

In this paper, a novel hybrid wave pipelined bit-pattern associative router (BPAR) is presented. A router is an important component in communication network systems. The BPAR allows for flexibility and can accommodate a large number of routing algorithms. In this study, a hybrid wave pipelined approach has been proposed and implemented. Hybrid wave pipelining allows for the reduction of the delay difference between the maximum and minimum delays by narrowing the gap between each stage of the system. This approach yields narrow "computing cones" that could allow faster clocks to be run. This is the first study in wave pipelining that deals with a system that has substantially different pipeline stages. The BPAR has three stages: condition match, selection function, and port assignment. In each stage, data delay paths are tightly controlled in order to optimize the proper propagation of signals. Internal control signals are generated to ensure that data propagates between stages in a proper fashion. Results from our study show that using a hybrid wave pipelining significantly reduces the clock period. The hybrid wave pipelined system described in this paper has been fabricated using a 0.5-/spl mu/m technology.
The Relationship of Visuospatial Skills and Verbal Ability to Learning Disabilities in Mathematics

Learning disabilities In mathematics have received relatively little attention despite the social relevance of basic arithmetic ability. Early theories of mathematics disability viewed visuospatial and visuomotor skills as critical. This study examines verbal skills in addition and finds them to be equally important. - G.M.S.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF NOCTILUCA MILIARIS (PYRROPHYTA) WITH GREEN FLAGELLATE SYMBIONTS1,2

The ultrastructure of the Noctiluca miliaris Suriray from Southest Asian waters which contains the green flagellate, Pedinomonas noctilucae (Subrahmanyan) Sweeney, is in all major respects similar to that of the European strain. New details of the thecal vesicles, pellicle and underlying microtubules are presented. The possibility that the lipid vesicles are identical with the strongly phase-retarding bodies in the surface cytoplasm, some of which are “microsources” of bioluminescence, is suggested.
Photoelectron microscopy — Applications to biological surfaces

Abstract Photoelectron microscopy utilizes incident light to eject electrons which are then accelerated and used to form an image of the specimen surface. Photoelectron microscopy is now being developed to the point where it can begin to contribute to the analysis of biological structures including cell surfaces and the organization of cellular organelles. PEM is the electron optics analog of fluorescence microscopy and shares with it many advantages and areas of application. As in fluorescence microscopy, the strategy is not an elemental analysis of components present since proteins and other functional macromolecules usually do not differ significantly in elemental composition, but rather the combination with site-specific antibodies to identify the organization and structure-function relationships in cells. Material contrast is based on photoelectron yield, which depends on the valence electron properties of the surface materials rather than on atomic number differences, as with most surface analytical techniques. Topographic contrast makes very small objects visible on relatively flat surfaces because the low energy electrons emerging from the specimen surface are easily deflected by the accompanying field variations. The surface sensitivity is also high because of the short escape depths of the ejected photoelectrons. These and other characteristics combined with a lateral resolution of about 10 nm makes photoelectron microscopy a promising technique for studies of organic and biological surfaces.
EM-wave characterization of tumor morphology

With the standard use of magnetic resonance imaging, the non-invasive visualization of human soft tissue became possible. Of interest to this contribution is the use of MRI in cancer detection. In recent years other methods have been proposed that are based on electromagnetic wave scattering, most notably in the microwave region. In this paper we present results on the characterization of an irregular object. We show how to extract several parameters useful in creating a global description of the object. In modern implementations the original assumption of a "compound" object interacting with electromagnetic radiation is retained but the dipoles are replaced by a collection of small dielectric spheres. The internal and external fields for each one of the spheres are calculated from Mie scattering. Considering the interactions between each one of the spheres in the "compound" object and using some of the considerations of the effective medium theory the internal and external electric fields are calculated.
Worst-case analysis of finite-time control policies

Finite-time control policies are common in batch and semi-batch operations. A novel approach is proposed that quantifies the impact of parameter and control implementation inaccuracies on the performance of such control policies. This information can be used to decide whether more experiments are needed to produce parameter estimates of higher accuracy, or to define performance objectives for the lower level control loops that implement the control trajectory. The approach is evaluated through application to the multidimensional growth of crystals used in nonlinear optics applications, where the nominal parameters and uncertainties are quantified from experimental data. Robustness estimates are provided with reasonable computational requirements.
Causation of Permanent Unilateral and Mild Bilateral Hearing Loss in Children

Children with permanent unilateral or mild bilateral hearing loss have been a focus of concern by audiologists, educators, and physicians for at least 2 decades. These children are known to be at risk for psychoeducational difficulties. However, despite this concern, little has been learned about the causative factors of these hearing losses and how those factors might be contributing to child development. This review of known causes of permanent unilateral and mild bilateral hearing loss in children is meant to draw attention to the importance of the search for etiologic factors. That is, the identification of the hearing loss should not signal the end of the diagnostic process but, rather, the beginning of a search for causation. With the combined efforts of audiologists, otolaryngologists, pediatricians, geneticists, and other medical professionals, we may enhance our understanding of the primary causes of unilateral and mild bilateral hearing loss and, perhaps, create links between causative factors and psychosocial and psychoeducational outcomes.
Iron Deficiency Alters Brain Development and Functioning

Iron deficiency anemia in early life is related to altered behavioral and neural development. Studies in human infants suggest that this is an irreversible effect that may be related to changes in chemistry of neurotransmitters, organization and morphology of neuronal networks, and neurobiology of myelination. The acquisition of iron by the brain is an age-related and brain-region-dependent process with tightly controlled rates of movement of iron across the blood-brain barrier. Dopamine receptors and transporters are altered as are behaviors related to this neurotransmitter. The growing body of evidence suggests that brain iron deficiency in early life has multiple consequences in neurochemistry and neurobiology.
Effects of Airborne Ammonium on Natural Vegetation and Forests

In weakly buffered ecosystems a high deposition of ammonium leads to acidification and nitrogen-enrichment of the soil. As a consequence many plant species characteristic of poorly buffered environments disappear. Among the acid tolerant species there will be a competition between slow-growing plant species and fast-growing nitrophilous grass or grass-like species. This process contributes to the often observed change from heath-and peatlands into grasslands.
Benchmarking autonomic capabilities: promises and pitfalls

Benchmarks provide a way to quantify progress in a field. Our goal is to produce a suite of benchmarks covering the four categories of autonomic capabilities: self-configuring, self-healing, self-optimizing, and self-protecting (IBM, 2003). This is not an easy task, however, and in this paper we identify several of the challenges and pitfalls that must be confronted to extend benchmarking technology beyond its traditional basis in performance evaluation.
Design of a wearable eye-gaze communication system for people with severe neuromuscular impairment

The wearable eye-gaze communication system is an alternative and augmentative communication (AAC) device for individuals with severe neuromuscular impairment as a result of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), cerebral palsy, stroke, or traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Small Group Computer-Assisted Instruction With SMART Board Technology An Investigation of Observational and Incidental Learning of Nontarget Information

This investigation examined the effectiveness of teaching letter sounds in a small group arrangement using computer-assisted instruction with SMART Board technology and a 3s constant time delay procedure to three students with learning disabilities. A multiple probe design across letter sound sets and replicated across students evaluate the effectiveness of the program and students' acquisition of other students' letter sounds through observational learning. In addition, students were assessed on their acquisition of incidental information presented in the instructive feedback statements following correct responses to target and nontarget stimuli. Results indicate that (a) the program was effective in teaching letter sounds to three students and (b) students acquired some letter sounds targeted for other students and incidental information (letter names) presented in the instructive feedback statements for their own and other group members' target stimuli. Findings are discussed in terms of presenting sma...
Regulation of Ubiquitin-Proteasome System-mediated Degradation by Cytosolic Stress

ER-associated, ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)-mediated degradation of the wild-type (WT) gap junction protein connexin32 (Cx32) is inhibited by mild forms of cytosolic stress at a step before its dislocation into the cytosol. We show that the same conditions (a 30-min, 42°C heat shock or oxidative stress induced by arsenite) also reduce the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated turnover of disease-causing mutants of Cx32 and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), as well as that of WT CFTR and unassembled Ig light chain. Stress-stabilized WT Cx32 and CFTR, but not the mutant/unassembled proteins examined, could traverse the secretory pathway. Heat shock also slowed the otherwise rapid UPS-mediated turnover of the cytosolic proteins myoD and GFPu, but not the degradation of an ubiquitination-independent construct (GFP-ODC) closely related to the latter. Analysis of mutant Cx32 from cells exposed to proteasome inhibitors and/or cytosolic stress indicated that stress reduces degradation at the level of substrate polyubiquitination. These findings reveal a new link between the cytosolic stress-induced heat shock response, ER-associated degradation, and polyubiquitination. Stress-denatured proteins may titer a limiting component of the ubiquitination machinery away from pre-existing UPS substrates, thereby sparing the latter from degradation.
Observer-based control of fully-linearizable nonlinear systems

A study is made of the problem of output feedback control of nonlinear systems that are left-invertible, minimum-phase, and fully linearizable (by static state feedback). The proposed control is an observer-based control in which the state feedback component is a robust, possibly nonlinear, stabilizing state-feedback control law. The observer is designed so that the closed loop system is a two-time-scale singularly perturbed system. However, due to the epsilon -dependent scaling of the state variables, some of the standard singular perturbation results do not hold for the closed-loop system, in general. The authors present new singular perturbation results on the behavior of the closed-loop system in the presence of such scaling. In particular, they argue that the undesirable effects of such scaling would not arise if the state-feedback control were globally bounded. >
A Case Study of the Energy Budget of a Snowpack in the Arid, Subtropical Climate of the Southwestern United States

ABSTRACT An extensive micrometeorological and numerical modeling case study was conducted at Happy Jack, Arizona, during hydrologic year 2003. The goal of the study was to provide an initial assessment of the potential difference in the energy budget of a snow covered surface between an arid subtropical climate and more popularly studied regions. Modeling the snowpack evolution using the SNTHERM snowmelt model produced snow water equivalent values that were in good agreement with measured values for three different modeled ablation periods. The importance of the net radiation flux in ablation of the snow pack was decreased compared to that in more traditionally studied regions due to the earlier timing of ablation and subsequent lower solar altitude angles at the Arizona site. Consequently, the relative importance of the sensible heat flux increased and the relative importance of the latent heat flux decreased. The ground heat flux, ignored in most studies, accounted for up to 18% of the melt energy in th...
Accelerating uplift in the North Atlantic region as an indicator of ice loss

Vertical motions of the rocky margins of Greenland and Antarctica respond to mass changes of their respective ice sheets, but these motions can be obscured by ancient episodes of glacial advance or retreat. An analysis of the acceleration of vertical motion indicates that accelerated ice loss in western Greenland started in the late 1990s. Vertical motions of the rocky margins of Greenland and Antarctica respond to mass changes of their respective ice sheets1,2. However, these motions can be obscured by episodes of glacial advance or retreat that occurred hundreds to thousands of years ago3,4,5,6, which trigger a delayed response because of viscous flow in the underlying mantle. Here we present high-precision global positioning system (GPS) data that describe the vertical motion of the rocky margins of Greenland, Iceland and Svalbard. We focus on vertical accelerations rather than velocities to avoid the confounding effects of past events. Our data show an acceleration of uplift over the past decade that represents an essentially instantaneous, elastic response to the recent accelerated melting of ice throughout the North Atlantic region. Our comparison of the GPS data to models for glacial isostatic adjustment suggests that some parts of western coastal Greenland were experiencing accelerated melting of coastal ice by the late 1990s. Using a simple elastic model, we estimate that western Greenland’s ice loss is accelerating at an average rate of 8.7±3.5 Gt yr−2, whereas the rate for southeastern Greenland—based on limited data—falls at 12.5±5.5 Gt yr−2.
Cognitive and behavioral predictors of light therapy use.

Objective Although light therapy is effective in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and other mood disorders, only 53–79% of individuals with SAD meet remission criteria after light therapy. Perhaps more importantly, only 12–41% of individuals with SAD continue to use the treatment even after a previous winter of successful treatment.
Production of bromoform and dibromomethane by Giant Kelp: Factors affecting release and comparison to anthropogenic bromine sources

Macrocystis pyrifera (Giant Kelp), a dominant macroalgal species in southern California, produced I71 ng per g fresh wt (gfwt) per day of CHBr, and 48 ng gfwt-’ d-’ of CH,Br, during laboratory incubations of whole blades. Comparable rates were measured during in situ incubations 01 intact fronds. Release of CHBr, and CH,Br, by M. pyr$eru was affected by light and algal photosynthetic activity, suggesting that environmental factors influencing kelp physiology can affect halomethane release to the atmosphere. Data from H,O, additions suggest that brominated methane production during darkness is limited by bromide oxidant supply. A bromine budget constructed for a region of southern California indicated that bromine emitted from the use of CH,Br as a fumigant (1 X 1 Ox g BI yr -I) dominates macroalgal sources (3 X 10” g Br yr-I). Global projections, however, suggest that combined emissions of marine algae (including microalgac) contribute substantial amounts of bromine to the global cycle, perhaps on the same order of magnitude as anthropogenic sources.
Climate, Fire, and Vegetation between About 13,000 and 9200 14C yr B.P. in the Chilean Lake District

A pollen record from Lago Condorito (41°45′S, 73°07′W) shows that North Patagonian Rain Forest taxa predominated between about 13,000 and 12,200 14C yr B.P. in the lowlands of southern Chile, near the city of Puerto Montt. This was followed by the expansion and persistence of the conifer Podocarpus nubigena between 12,200 and 9900 14C yr B.P. Trees favored by disturbance expanded between 11,200 and 9900 14C yr B.P., concurrent with sharp and sustained increases of microscopic charcoal particles. Taxa of low-elevation rain forests expanded and became more diverse in pulses centered at 9900 and 9000 14C yr B.P., following the disappearance of P. nubigena. These data suggest conditions approaching modern climate between about 13,000 and 12,200 14C yr B.P. The climate cooled between 12,200 and 9900 14C yr B.P., then quickly warmed to interglacial conditions. Stand-replacing fires occurred near Lago Condorito between 11,200 and 9900 14C yr B.P., under cool-temperate, humid conditions. The proximity and reported antiquity of the Monte Verde archeological site raise the possibility that these fires were set by human activities.
Psychotropic medication use among children with autism spectrum disorders within the Simons Simplex Collection: Are core features of autism spectrum disorder related?

Psychotropic medication use and its relationship to autism spectrum core features were examined in a well-characterized but nonstratified North American sample (N = 1605) of children/adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders utilizing the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised, from the multisite Simons Simplex Collection. Analyses included (a) prevalence of psychotropic use (overall, and by classes), (b) correlations between prevalence of use and autism spectrum core features, age, and cognitive functioning, and (c) logistic regression to identify whether these factors were predictive of psychotropic use. Results indicated 41.7% ever used one or more classes of psychotropic medications, with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medications used most. Small but significant correlations between psychotropic medication use and (a) social impairment (p < .001) and (b) repetitive behaviors (p < .001) were found. Overall, however, autism spectrum disor...
A Dependable System Architecture for Safety-Critical Respiratory-Gated Radiation Therapy

This experience report describes the design and implementation of safety-critical software and hardware for respiratory gating of a medical linear accelerator. Respiratory gating refers to a radiotherapy technique for treating cancer in the lung, liver, and abdomen, where tumors move while a patient breathes. A computer software program tracks the position of the tumor within the human body using x-ray fluoroscopy. When the tumor is in the correct position, the linear accelerator is triggered, delivering a beam of radiation toward the target. As part of the gating system, a comprehensive strategy for safety has been developed. This paper describes these safety features, focusing on the online monitoring techniques used to confirm the proper operation of the fluoroscopic imaging panels and the pattern recognition algorithms used for tumor identification.
Admittance Elements Comparatively Amplitude Trend Analysis of Thyristor Controlled Reactor

Thyristor controlled reactor was important reactive compensator which is widely used in power system, while it also a harmonic source which is necessary to be researched, especially the harmonic characteristics and harmonic amplitude changing trend, which is important to model, simulate and improve the equipment design. The paper analysed the admittance elements comparatively amplitude trend of thyristor controlled reactor.The research result will help to compensate or reduce the harmonics generated by thyristor controlled reactor, which also will be helpful to model and simulate other thyristor controlled reactive power equipments.
Training and Workforce Diversity as Keys to Eliminating Health Disparities

As eliminating health disparities becomes a national priority, schools of public health must respond by increasing the number of minority students who graduate with degrees in public health. Creating a more diverse workforce will have a positive impact on the disparities that currently exist. This article offers a rationale for increasing diversity in the public health workforce and describes a project funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) designed to train minority graduate students in public health to eliminate health disparities.
Volume and Linear Measurements as Predictors of Dung Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Biomass

We compared volumetric and linear measurements as predictors for biomass in Scarabaeidae. Linear measurements were performed with calipers. Volumetric measurements were performed on a battery-powered top-loading balance, by using Archimedes' Principle. Of four different linear variables, the most accurate predictor of biomass was the log transformation of elytra + pronotum length, which explained 93% of the variation in biomass. The log-transformed beetle volume achieved nearly the same degree of accuracy, explaining 91% of beetle biomass. Because beetle volume has several additional advantages, such as ease of measurement and potential longevity of measurement on older specimens, we propose that volumetric measurements may provide accurate estimates of biomass, where the linear relationship of volume and biomass has been determined, as is the case with fresh specimens.
Recent Modifications of the Emanuel Convective Scheme in the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System

Abstract The convective parameterization of Emanuel has been employed in the forecast model of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) since 2000, when it replaced a version of the relaxed Arakawa–Schubert scheme. Although in long-period data assimilation forecast tests the Emanuel scheme has been found to perform quite well in NOGAPS, particularly for tropical cyclones, some weaknesses have also become apparent. These weaknesses include underprediction of heavy-precipitation events, too much light precipitation, and unrealistic heating at upper levels. Recent research efforts have resulted in modifications of the scheme that are designed to reduce such problems. One change described here involves the partitioning of the cloud-base mass flux into mixing cloud mass flux at individual levels. The new treatment significantly reduces a heating anomaly near the tropopause that is associated with a large amount of mixing cloud mass flux ascribed to that region in the original Emanuel ...
Testing antismoking messages for Air Force trainees

Introduction Young adults in the military are aggressively targeted by tobacco companies and are at high risk of tobacco use. Existing antismoking advertisements developed for the general population might be effective in educating young adults in the military. This study evaluated the effects of different themes of existing antismoking advertisements on perceived harm and intentions to use cigarettes and other tobacco products among Air Force trainees. Methods In a pretest–post-test experiment, 782 Airmen were randomised to view antismoking advertisements in 1 of 6 conditions: anti-industry, health effects+anti-industry, sexual health, secondhand smoke, environment+anti-industry or control. We assessed the effect of different conditions on changes in perceived harm and intentions to use cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, hookah and cigarillos from pretest to post-test with multivariable linear regression models (perceived harm) and zero-inflated Poisson regression model (intentions). Results Antismoking advertisements increased perceived harm of various tobacco products and reduced intentions to use. Advertisements featuring negative effects of tobacco on health and sexual performance coupled with revealing tobacco industry manipulations had the most consistent pattern of effects on perceived harm and intentions. Conclusions Antismoking advertisements produced for the general public might also be effective with a young adult military population and could have spillover effects on perceptions of harm and intentions to use other tobacco products besides cigarettes. Existing antismoking advertising may be a cost-effective tool to educate young adults in the military.
“Nanofiltration” Enabled by Super-Absorbent Polymer Beads for Concentrating Microorganisms in Water Samples

Detection and quantification of pathogens in water is critical for the protection of human health and for drinking water safety and security. When the pathogen concentrations are low, large sample volumes (several liters) are needed to achieve reliable quantitative results. However, most microbial identification methods utilize relatively small sample volumes. As a consequence, a concentration step is often required to detect pathogens in natural waters. Herein, we introduce a novel water sample concentration method based on superabsorbent polymer (SAP) beads. When SAP beads swell with water, small molecules can be sorbed within the beads, but larger particles are excluded and, thus, concentrated in the residual non-sorbed water. To illustrate this approach, millimeter-sized poly(acrylamide-co-itaconic acid) (P(AM-co-IA)) beads are synthesized and successfully applied to concentrate water samples containing two model microorganisms: Escherichia coli and bacteriophage MS2. Experimental results indicate that the size of the water channel within water swollen P(AM-co-IA) hydrogel beads is on the order of several nanometers. The millimeter size coupled with a negative surface charge of the beads are shown to be critical in order to achieve high levels of concentration. This new concentration procedure is very fast, effective, scalable, and low-cost with no need for complex instrumentation.
Characterizing Thermal Exit Conditions for an Ultra Compact Combustor

In continuing the effort to push the limitations of modern gas turbine engines, Ultra Compact Combustors offer unique solutions to minimize engine size and weight. They accomplish this by reducing the number of components in the engine core and perform the combustion in a circumferential cavity that encircles the core flow. Within this cavity, the fuel is injected rich. Burning continues to occur in the vane passage beneath the circumferential cavity which must be completed in a controlled manner prior to the inlet plane of the rotor. Furthermore, the temperature distribution at the exit of the vane passage must be controlled to generate high work extraction from the turbine. This research shall vary the cavity equivalence ratio, g-loading, swirl direction, and mass flow ratio with the core flow to characterize the impact of each of these parameters on the exit conditions. The primary metrics for comparison are the exit temperature and pressure profiles, the emissions characteristics, and the overall Rayleigh losses. The goal of this particular investigation was to establish a set of criterion that produced an exit flow condition similar to that created by a traditional axial combustion system, thus realizing the weight savings offered by the ultra compact design. Results will show that the shape of the exit temperature profiles are independent of cavity equivalence ratio and more sensitive to the distribution of mass flow.
Inverse scattering transform for the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation with fully asymmetric non-zero boundary conditions

Abstract We formulate the inverse scattering transform (IST) for the defocusing nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation with fully asymmetric non-zero boundary conditions (i.e., when the limiting values of the solution at space infinities have different non-zero moduli). The theory is formulated without making use of Riemann surfaces, and instead by dealing explicitly with the branched nature of the eigenvalues of the associated scattering problem. For the direct problem, we give explicit single-valued definitions of the Jost eigenfunctions and scattering coefficients over the whole complex plane, and we characterize their discontinuous behavior across the branch cut arising from the square root behavior of the corresponding eigenvalues. We pose the inverse problem as a Riemann–Hilbert Problem on an open contour, and we reduce the problem to a standard set of linear integral equations. Finally, for comparison purposes, we present the single-sheet, branch cut formulation of the inverse scattering transform for the initial value problem with symmetric (equimodular) non-zero boundary conditions, as well as for the initial value problem with one-sided non-zero boundary conditions, and we also briefly describe the formulation of the inverse scattering transform when a different choice is made for the location of the branch cuts.
Acceptability and digestibility by adult cats of diets made with various sources and levels of fat.

Three experiments were conducted to determine the acceptance and digestibility by adult cats of purified diets containing various fats. In the first experiment, a two-choice trial, one female and 11 male cats (2 to 7 kg body weight) were used to determine the acceptance of diets made with bleached tallow (BT) versus six alternate fats: chicken fat (CF), yellow grease (YG), lard (L), butter (B), unbleached tallow (UT) and partially hydrogenated vegetable fat (VF). Three groups of four cats each, individually housed, were tested during four consecutive 2-week periods, giving a total of eight cats per choice. The diet made with BT was preferred (P greater than .001) over those made with B or CF. In the second experiment, a two-choice trial, 14 male and 10 female cats (2 to 5 kg body weight), individually housed, were used to determine the acceptance of diets made with 10, 25 or 50% YG. One groups of 12 cats was used to test the inclusion of 25 versus 50% YG, and another group of 12 were used to test 25 versus 10% YG. The diet made with 25% fat was preferred over diets made with 10% (P greater than .001) or 50% fat (P greater than .02). The third experiment, with 12 male and 12 female cats (2 to 5 kg body weight), examined the digestibility of purified diets made with 25% CF, BT, UT, L and B and 10, 25 and 50% YG. Each diet was fed to six cats in metabolism cages for a 5-day preliminary period and a 5-day fecal and urine collection period. Chromic oxide was included in all diets as a marker. Digestibility coefficients were computed by both the marker method and the conventional food intake and fecal collection method. Mean digestion coefficients for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and energy (E) for diets made with 25% CF, YG, L, B, UT, BT, 10% YG, 50% YG were, respectively: DM-90.6, 89.5, 90.8, 89.8, 87.1, 88.0, 87.4, 90.2%; CP-91.1, 91.5, 92.7, 92.0, 90.9, 90.8, 87.0, 94.8%; EE-98.6, 98.0, 98.6, 90.9, 90.8, 87.0, 94.8%; EE-98.6, 98.0, 98.6, 90.9, 90.8, 87.0, 94.8%; EE-98.6, 98.0, 98.6, 97.5, 98.1, 98.2, 90.4, 97.9%, and E-93.8, 93.1, 93.7, 92.2, 89.5, 89.9, 88.6, 92.8%. Mean digestion coefficients calculated from total fecal collection and from chromic oxide were: 88.5 and 89.9% for DM; 90.8 and 91.9% for CP; 98.0 and 97.3% for EE, and 91.6 and 92.1 for E.
PSA screening: the case in favor.

The facts presented about screening should be tailored to the patient’s exact situation, and the patient’s values should be used to guide the final decision. For younger, healthy men, PSA screening should continue to be strongly considered.
Decidua: A possible source of amniotic fluid prolactin

The source or amniotic fluid prolactin was investigated with the use or amnion, chorion, placenta, and decidual tissue taken from term human pregnancy. Decidua alone of these tissues contained significant quantities of prolactin. The release of decidual prolactin was affected by the presence or absence of oxygen and protein, and the amount of prolactin released far exceeded the decrease in tissue content during incubation. It is concluded that: (1) decidua may be a major source of amniotic fluid prolactin, (2) synthesis of prolactin occurs during incubation of decidua, and (3) sufficient prolactin is present in the decidua to account for that found in amniotic fluid at term.
The Self-Concept in Relationships

After briefly reviewing historical thinking on the self-concept, this chapter considers three contemporary perspectives that seek to understand the link between self-concept and well-being. According to one view, well-being is reflected in consistency of self-concept across contexts, whereas a second view argues that it is authenticity rather than consistency that matters. In a third tradition, well-being is associated with coming closer to one’s personal ideal view of self. Based on self-determination theory (SDT), a model is proposed in which well-being follows when autonomy supportive relationships conduce toward authenticity and convergence between one’s ideal and actual self-concept.
Unmet basic needs and health intervention effectiveness in low-income populations

In the face of unmet basic needs, low SES adults are less likely to obtain needed preventive health services. The study objective was to understand how these hardships may cluster and how the effectiveness of different health-focused interventions might vary across vulnerable population sub-groups with different basic needs profiles. From June 2010-2012, a random sample of low-income adult callers to Missouri 2-1-1 completed a cancer risk assessment and received up to 3 health referrals for needed services (mammography, pap testing, colonoscopy, HPV vaccination, smoking cessation and smoke-free home policies). Participants received either a verbal referral only (N=365), verbal referral+tailored print reminder (N=372), or verbal referral+navigator (N=353). Participants reported their unmet basic needs at baseline and contacts with health referrals at 1-month post-intervention. We examined latent classes of unmet basic needs using SAS. Logistic regression examined the association between latent classes and contacting a health referral, by intervention condition. A 3 class solution best fit the data. For participants with relatively more unmet needs (C2) and those with money needs (C3), the navigator intervention was more effective than the tailored or verbal referral only conditions in leading to health referrals contacts. For participants with fewer unmet basic needs (C1), the tailored intervention was as effective as the navigator intervention. The distribution and nature of unmet basic needs in this sample of low-income adults was heterogeneous, and those with the greatest needs benefitted most from a more intensive navigator intervention in helping them seek needed preventive health services.
Improving Analysis and Decision-Making Through Intelligent Web Crawling

Analysts across national security domains are required to sift through large amounts of data to find and compile relevant information in a form that enables decision makers to take action in high-consequence scenarios. However, even the most experienced analysts are unable to be 100i¾ź% consistent and accurate based on the entire dataset, unbiased towards familiar documentation, and are unable to synthesize and process large amounts of information in a small amount of time. Sandia National Laboratories has attempted to solve this problem by developing an intelligent web crawler called Huntsman. Huntsman acts as a personal research assistant by browsing the internet or offline datasets in a way similar to the human search process, only much faster millions of documents per day, by submitting queries to search engines and assessing the usefulness of page results through analysis of full-page content with a suite of text analytics. This paper will discuss Huntsman's capability to both mirror and enhance human analysts using intelligent web crawling with analysts-in-the-loop. The goal is to demonstrate how weaknesses in human cognitive processing can be compensated for by fusing human processes with text analytics and web crawling systems, which ultimately reduces analysts' cognitive burden and increases mission effectiveness.
MYC, Metabolic Synthetic Lethality, and Cancer.

The MYC oncogene plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of human cancers. It encodes a transcription factor that has broad reaching effects on many cellular functions, most importantly in driving cell growth through regulation of genes involved in ribosome biogenesis, metabolism, and cell cycle. Upon binding DNA with its partner MAX, MYC recruits factors that release paused RNA polymerases to drive transcription and amplify gene expression. At physiologic levels of MYC, occupancy of high-affinity DNA-binding sites drives ‘house-keeping’ metabolic genes and those involved in ribosome and mitochondrial biogenesis for biomass accumulation. At high oncogenic levels of MYC, invasion of low-affinity sites and enhancer sequences alter the transcriptome and cause metabolic imbalances, which activates stress response and checkpoints such as p53. Loss of checkpoints unleashes MYC’s full oncogenic potential to couple metabolism with neoplastic cell growth and division. Cells that overexpress MYC, however, are vulnerable to metabolic perturbations that provide potential new avenues for cancer therapy.
Ecoturismo e o turismo rural como estratégia de desenvolvimento sustentável: um estudo em propriedades rurais da região da AMAUC/SC

A pesquisa discute a importância do Turismo rural e do Ecoturismo como fator para o desenvolvimento sustentavel de propriedades rurais da regiao da AMAUC do estado de Santa Catarina.No desenvolvimento da pesquisa buscou-se responder o seguinte problema: E possivel com a implantacao do turismo rural e do ecoturismo nas propriedades rurais da regiao da AMAUC/SC proporcionar uma renda alternativa a estes produtores de forma sustentavel? O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi identificar os atrativos naturais e culturais das propriedades rurais da regiao da Amauc/SC, bem como averiguar a possibilidade de implementacao do ecoturismo e turismo rural como fator de desenvolvimento regional sustentavel. Os objetivos especificos visavam verificar a atual situacao economica e social dos produtores rurais da regiao da AMAUC/SC, identificar a diversidade natural e cultural destas propriedades, averiguar o potencial do turismo como alternativa de desenvolvimento regional sustentavel em propriedades rurais, analisar a efetividade do turismo como uma das diretrizes capazes de proporcionar o desenvolvimento sustentavel e detectar se atraves da implementacao da atividade turistica e possivel oportunizar a estes produtores rurais um novo meio de subsistencia e melhora na sua qualidade de vida. Para tanto utilizou-se o levantamento de publicacoes existentes sobre o tema, entrevistas com proprietarios rurais, visitas em secretarias de turismo e orgaos vinculados ao setor. Como resultados verificou-se que tanto o Turismo rural quanto o Ecoturismo sao nichos de mercado que oportunizam as propriedades rurais uma fonte de renda alternativa, que pode ser convertida em investimento na infraestrutura da propriedade e melhora na qualidade de vida das familias. Ao mesmo tempo, oferecem aos turistas diversas atividades vinculadas a natureza e aos costumes coloniais e tradicionais da regiao, alem de fomentar o desenvolvimento de forma sustentavel.
On the Design of an On-line Complex Householder Transform

In this paper, we present an implementation for the Complex Householder Transform, using complex number on-line arithmetic, based on adopting a redundant complex number system (RCNS) to represent complex operands as a single number. We present comparisons with (i) a real number on-line arithmetic approach, and (ii) a real number arithmetic parallel approach, to demonstrate a significant improvement in cost.
Four semesters investigating frequency of testing, the testing effect, and transfer of training.

We carried out 4 semester-long studies of student performance in a college research methods course (total N = 588). Two sections of it were taught each semester with systematic and controlled differences between them. Key manipulations were repeated (with some variation) across the 4 terms, allowing assessment of replicability of effects. Variables studied included frequency of tests (e.g., 2 vs. 8 in-class exams), the repetition of some and not other exam items (i.e., the testing effect), and variation of test items between the in-class exams and the final exam (e.g., identical items vs. controlled changes in items). Some studies also manipulated presence or absence of low-stakes quizzes. The repetition of test items generally led to better performance. However, we did not observe consistent superiority for items that were repeated exactly over those that were repeated in modified form; the reverse was more often the case. The effect of the low-stakes quizzes was minimal at best. Results are discussed in terms of memory and transfer of training models. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Critiquing Un/Critical Pedagogies to Move Toward a Pedagogy of Responsibility in Teacher Education:

Transformative work with teacher candidates relies on a critique of the tenets of Critical Pedagogy and subsequent Critical Whiteness Studies (CWS). I employ analyses of extant scholarship to argue...
Chaper 2 – Introduction to SQL: 1999

Publisher Summary This chapter introduces SQL:1999, including the history and the background of the language, and then continuing on to discuss the most significant architectural aspects of the language, such as key concepts, data types, and execution models. SQL is based on the relational model, but it is not a perfect implementation of that model. The most important difference from the viewpoint of theory is that SQL's basic data object is the table and not the relation. SQL has a number of other concepts such as views, schemas, catalogs, users, privileges, domains, connections, sessions, transactions, routines, and paths. Some of these have direct analogs in the relational model, while others do not. The chapter briefly describes all these paradigms, along with important characteristics of them. Among the enhancements to SQL:1999 over its predecessor SQL-92 version, there are several additions to data types such as exact numerics, approximate numerics, character strings, bit strings and binary strings, datetimes, intervals, booleans, collection types, anonymous row types, user-defined types, reference types, locators, and sites. These data type are also discussed in the chapter highlighting the new additions in comparison with the predecessors of SQL:1999. The chapter also focuses on the NULL values in a database and describes advanced methods to use various data types in conjunction. The chapter ends with a discussion on the SQL statements, static and dynamic execution, as well as the relationship of the major DBMS products to SQL.
Quantitative ultrasound and the pancreas: Demonstration of early detection capability

Identifying real-time changes in tissues via quantitative ultrasound (QUS) approaches are clinically significant, particularly if QUS changes correspond to early detection of disease or provide early assessment of treatment success. Thus, understanding sequential steps in disease progression is key for success. Cerulein-induced inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) in rodent models causes a significant release of pancreatic enzymes into blood, and it induces interstitial edema and inflammatory cell infiltration into the pancreas. This degree of pancreatitis is relatively mild: all animals survive the induction of pancreatitis that resolves itself in ∼7 days. This makes this model an excellent one for studying ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and backscatter coefficient over time. The edematous stroma, cell shrinkage and death, followed by repopulation by dedifferentiated acinar cells, has certain similarities with the morphologies of some forms of pancreatic carcinoma (PCa). The study has several unique contributions: 1) The cerulein-induced pancreatitis model can be used as a surrogate for the PCa model, particularly for detecting early responses to PCa onset/treatment. 2) Understanding the progression of acute pancreatitis per se is imperative for successful intervention and treatment, especially in the early phases of the disease, before other clinical changes are manifest. Pancreatic AC and BSC (25–55 MHz) were estimated in vivo and ex vivo at baseline (no cerulein injections) and from 2 to 168 hr after cerulein injections. Following euthanasia, the pancreas was evaluated histopathologically and biochemically. There are significant measureable early effects on both in vivo AC and BSC (and their respective ex vivo estimates) relative to baseline controls that reflect the temporal biochemical and morphological effects of cerulein. The general trend is decreased AC and BSC at early time points and then rebound increases relative to controls at later time points. The greatest AC and BSC decreases occurred at 2 hr post-cerulein injections [29% AC (in dB/cm-MHz) decrease and 34% BSC (in dB) decrease, at 25 MHz)], suggesting high likelihood for early detection of either disease onset or response to therapy using quantitative ultrasound measures.
Single-stage soft-switching solid-state transformer for bidirectional motor drives

This paper presents a single-stage soft-switching high-frequency link isolated converter for bidirectional motor drive applications. The ‘minimal’ topology is based on the recently proposed soft-switching solid-state transformer (S4T) with a single current-source power conversion stage. This single stage approach reduces total switch rating, provides sinusoidal input and output voltages, and uses zero-voltage switching (ZVS) to reduce switching losses, dv/dt, common-mode noise issues associated with conventional PWM converter drives. Moreover, a high-frequency transformer is employed for dramatic size and cost reduction compared with drives that use standard line frequency transformers for isolation — a very common practice. The modulation scheme ensuring ZVS for entire load and power factor operating range considering the effect of leakage inductance of the high frequency transformer is presented in this paper. The effectiveness of the presented four-quadrant motor drive converter is verified by both simulation and experimental results.