cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predicting Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Domain-Adaptive Cross-Site Evaluation

The advances in neuroimaging methods reveal that resting-state functional fMRI (rs-fMRI) connectivity measures can be potential diagnostic biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recent data sharing projects help us replicating the robustness of these biomarkers in different acquisition conditions or preprocessing steps across larger numbers of individuals or sites. It is necessary to validate the previous results by using data from multiple sites by diminishing the site variations. We investigated partial least square regression (PLS), a domain adaptive method to adjust the effects of multicenter acquisition. A sparse Multivariate Pattern Analysis (MVVPA) framework in a leave one site out cross validation (LOSOCV) setting has been proposed to discriminate ASD from healthy controls using data from six sites in the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE). Classification features were obtained using 42 bilateral Brodmann areas without presupposing any prior hypothesis. Our results showed that using PLS, SVM showed poorer accuracies with highest accuracy achieved (62%) than without PLS but not significantly. The regions occurred in two or more informative connections are Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, Somatosensory Association Cortex, Primary Auditory Cortex, Inferior Temporal Gyrus and Temporopolar area. These interrupted regions are involved in executive function, speech, visual perception, sense and language which are associated with ASD. Our findings may support early clinical diagnosis or risk determination by identifying neurobiological markers to distinguish between ASD and healthy controls.
Determining the Potential of Mean Force for Amyloid-β Dimerization: Combining Self-Consistent Field Theory with Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) protein aggregates through a complex pathway to progress from monomers to soluble oligomers and ultimately insoluble fibrils. Because of the dynamic nature of aggregation, it has proven exceedingly difficult to determine the precise interactions that lead to the formation of transient oligomers. Here, a statistical thermodynamic model has been developed to elucidate these interactions. Aβ1–42 was simulated using fully atomistic replica exchange molecular dynamics. We use an ensemble of approximately 5 × 105 configurations taken from simulation as input in a self-consistent field theory that explicitly accounts for the size, shape, and charge distribution of both the amino acids comprising Aβ and all molecular species present in solution. The solution of the model equations provides a prediction of the probabilities of the configurations of the Aβ dimer and the potential of mean force between two monomers during the dimerization process. This model constitutes a reliable methodology to eluci...
Differences in Prehospital Patient Assessments for Pediatric Versus Adult Patients.

Objective To evaluate whether completion of vital signs assessments in pediatric transports by emergency medical services (EMS) differs by patient age. Study design We reviewed records by 20 agencies in a regional EMS system in Southwestern Pennsylvania between April 1, 2013 and December 31, 2016. We abstracted demographics, vital signs (systolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate), clinical, and transport characteristics. We categorized age as neonates (≤30 days), infants (1 month to Results In total, 371 746 cases (21 883 pediatric, 5.9%) were included. In adjusted analysis, most pediatric categories had reduced odds of complete vitals documentation (percent, OR, 95% CI): neonates (49.6%, 0.02, 0.02-0.03), infants (68.2%, 0.04, 0.03-0.04), toddlers (78.1%, 0.07, 0.06-0.07), early childhood (87.4%, 0.13, 0.12-0.15), and middle childhood (95.3%, 0.54, 0.46-0.63). Pain score documentation was lower in children after trauma (OR 0.80, 95%CI 0.76-0.85), and oxygen saturation documentation was lower in children with respiratory complaints (OR 0.20, 95%CI 0.18-0.25). Conclusions Pediatric patients were at increased risk of lacking vital signs documentation during prehospital care. This represents a critical area for education and quality improvement.
Auxin-Regulated Gene Expression

A variety of auxin-responsive mRNAs have been identified and characterized (reviewed by Hagen, 1989 and Key, 1989). In a number of cases, the genes that encode these mRNAs have also been identified and sequenced (reviewed by Guilfoyle et al., 1993). The promoter elements that confer auxin-responsiveness are under investigation in several laboratories. Here, we summarize some of our recent results on auxin-responsive mRNAs in soybean and Arabidopsis, the genes that encode these mRNAs, and the auxin-inducible promoters.
Association of Behavioral Self-Regulation with Concurrent Functional Capacity Among Stroke Rehabilitation Patients

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the Behavioral Dyscontrol Scale (BDS), a measure of the executive cognitive capacity to use an intention to guide purposeful, goal-directed activity would be strongly associated with concurrent functional status after controlling for age, sex, education, severity of pain, medical comorbidity, depression, and general mental status, in a sample of 246 elderly inpatients receiving rehabilitation services following hospitalization for stroke. Functional status was assessed by rehabilitation nurses' ratings of patients on 11 ADL items and on the Barthel Index. The BDS was the strongest predictor for 11 of the 12 dependent variables. Although it correlated significantly with all outcomes, the MMSE entered only one of the regression models. Of the other covariates, only age and severity of pain made an additional contribution to the prediction of functional ability for more than 1 dependent variable. Consistent with prior results in several other samples, the ability to use intentions to guide purposeful behavior appears to be an important contributor to everyday functioning among older adults.
Reminiscences of MODE

The specific topic of this memoir is the Mid Ocean Dynamics Experiment (MODE), later renamed MODE-1. This was a multi-investigator collaborative research program funded by the National Science Foundation during the first half of the 1970s as part of the International Decade of Ocean Exploration (IDOE), with additional support from the Office of Naval Research and the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Agency (NOAA). A complete documentation is beyond the reach of this author, who was one of the participating scientists with no formal responsibility for the program as a whole. Instead, the goal is to convey a sense of the excitement of bringing some theoretical tools learned in another field to bear on a basic scientific problem, and to sketch anecdotally some of the highlights of the group interactions that ensued. An underlying theme is the gradual transformation of physical oceanography from a discipline dominated by independent investigators, each with their private research program linked only by publication of final conclusions, into a collaborative enterprise in which talents, resources, ideas, and observational data must be pooled in order to address the fundamental problems.
Bose–Einstein condensation of atomic hydrogen

The recent creation of a Bose–Einstein condensate of atomic hydrogen has added a new system to this exciting field. The differences between hydrogen and the alkali metal atoms require other techniques for the initial trapping and cooling of the atoms and the subsequent detection of the condensate. The use of a cryogenic loading technique results in a larger number of trapped atoms. Spectroscopic detection is well suited to measuring the temperature and density of the sample in situ. The transition was observed at a temperature of 50 μK and a density of 2×1014 cm-3. The number of condensed atoms is about 109 at a condensate fraction of a few percent. A peak condensate density of 4.8×1015 cm-3 has been observed.
Influence of Commensal Microbiota and Metabolite for Mucosal Immunity

Abstract The microbiota has emerged as a key component in the maintenance of host homeostasis through its ability to modulate essential biological functions such as nutrition, barrier function, and immune response. The impact of microbiota on immune response is particularly important for basic host defense against potential infectious agents. This chapter will discuss how the microbiome supports the development and function of mucosal immunity and how the microbiota and its signaling networks can be manipulated to influence host response to preventive and therapeutic measures such as vaccines.
Use of GoFundMe ® to crowdfund complementary and alternative medicine treatments for cancer

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is common amongst cancer patients. However, there is growing concern about its safety and efficacy. Online crowdfunding campaigns represent a unique avenue to understand the cancer patient’s perspective for using CAM or declining conventional cancer therapy (CCT). Five hundred GoFundMe campaigns from 2012 to 2019 detailing financial need for cancer treatment were randomly selected and reviewed for endorsement of CAM use, reasons for using CAM, and reasons for declining CCT. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patient and campaign characteristics between 250 CAM users and 250 non-CAM users. Compared to non-CAM users, CAM users were more likely to be female (70% vs. 54%, p < 0.01), to report more stage IV cancer (54% vs. 12%, p < 0.01), and to have a history of delayed, missed, or misdiagnosis (10% vs. 4%, p < 0.01). Reasons for using CAM include endorsing curative/therapeutic effects 212 (85%), pain/stress reduction 137 (55%), and dissatisfaction with current or past medical treatment options 105 (42%). 87 (35%) CAM users that declined CCT reported that they wanted to try to fight off cancer using CAM first 57 (61%), that CCT was too “toxic” to the body 39 (42%), and cancer was already too advanced, so that CCT would be futile or too aggressive 25 (27%). Cancer patients on GoFundMe using CAM highly value quality of life, comfort, and autonomy. Physicians should educate themselves on CAM to set realistic expectations and provide comprehensive counseling of the risks and benefits of CAM usage to patients who choose to use CAM to either augment or completely replace CCT.
Incidentally Identified Opioid Misuse and Opioid Use Disorder While Inpatient

The opioid epidemic is a major public health challenge and physicians in medical settings must be equipped to identify and manage opioid use disorder (OUD). Nearly 20% of hospitalized patients have a substance use disorder (SUD) and it’s estimated that 44% of illicit drug users may actively continue to use substances while admitted. Unidentified and untreated substance use in hospitalized patients can result in overdose, withdrawal, other negative medical sequelae, and is linked to patients leaving against medical advice. Patients may not disclose substance use to clinicians due to fear of stigmatization or negative unforeseen consequences. Clinicians must screen all admitted patients for SUD with a comprehensive history, physical examination, and appropriate laboratory tests and urine toxicology when indicated. Repeat urine toxicology and clinical assessments may be needed throughout hospitalization in cases where there is ongoing substance use. Differentiating between various substance intoxication and withdrawal presentations is important to avert potential negative medical outcomes. Opioid overdose requires acute medical intervention and these individuals are high risk for repeat overdose and should be started on MOUD when feasible prior to discharge from the inpatient setting. Acute opioid withdrawal should be managed using clinical assessment tools and medications including opioid agonists, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, and other supportive medications. Management of opioid withdrawal alone is not treatment for individuals with OUD and patients should be started on MOUD and linked with outpatient treatment. New rapid-induction protocols for buprenorphine and naltrexone are becoming more established and feasible in inpatient settings. Methadone can also be started while inpatient although availability of outpatient treatment at a federally certified opioid treatment program may be limited. All individuals with OUD or other SUDs should receive a naloxone kit and linked with outpatient treatment prior to discharge from the inpatient setting. Early identification and management of OUD and other SUDs during acute hospitalization improves medical outcomes and reduces overdose deaths.
Observation and assessment of crossing situations between pleasure craft and a small passenger ferry

A study of navigational situations involving a small passenger ferry ‘Ole III’ was conducted based on participatory observations in the Husoysund strait in Tonsberg municipality, Norway. The aims were to document the extent to which crossing situations are solved according to navigational rules and practice, and to investigate the number of incidents which could pose a risk for Ole III and its passengers. Because of the high density of private pleasure craft, we expected a rather large number of non-compliance with navigational rules. Observations supported this assumption, and based on the total of 3152 crossings with Ole III where other vessels where present, a total of 279 (8.9%) incidents were considered to involve non-compliance with navigational rules and practice. A total of 165 incidents were caused by the other vessels failing to give way even though it had Ole III on its starboard side. This indicates that, at least in Norway, we may routinely expect pleasure craft to deviate from navigational rules for crossing situations. A number of incidents could partly be explained by a mismatch in understandings of which vessel had the right-of-way. Also, incident risk was higher when Ole III used active control strategies to handle crossing situations (e.g. keeping course and speed) as compared with passive control strategies. A taxonomy of situations based upon intentions is presented together with suggestions for control strategies for small passenger vessels that operate in waters with many pleasure craft.
Early Evidence of the Impacts of COVID-19 on Minority Unemployment.

This paper provides early evidence of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on minority unemployment in the United States. In the first month following March adoptions of social distancing measures by states, unemployment rose to 14.5% but a much higher 24.4% when we correct for potential data misclassification noted by the BLS. Using the official definition, unemployment in April 2020 among African-Americans rose by less than what would have been anticipated (to 16.6%) based on previous recessions, and the long-term ordering of unemployment across racial/ethnic groups was altered with Latinx unemployment (18.2%) rising for the first time to the highest among major groups. Difference-in-difference estimates confirm that the initial gap in unemployment between whites and blacks in April was not different than in periods prior to the pandemic; however, the racial gap expanded as unemployment for whites declined in the next two months but was largely stagnant for blacks. The initially large gap in unemployment between whites and Latinx in April was sustained in May and June as unemployment declined similarly for both groups. Non-linear decompositions show a favorable industry distribution partly protected black employment during the early stages of the pandemic, but that an unfavorable occupational distribution and lower average skills levels placed them at higher risk of job losses. An unfavorable occupational distribution and lower skills contributed to a sharply widened Latinx-white unemployment gap that moderated over time as rehiring occurred. These findings of disproportionate impacts on minority unemployment raise important concerns regarding lost earnings and wealth, and longer-term consequences of the pandemic on racial inequality in the United States.
Answering Mermin's challenge with conservation per no preferred reference frame

In 1981, Mermin published a now famous paper titled, "Bringing home the atomic world: Quantum mysteries for anybody" that Feynman called, "One of the most beautiful papers in physics that I know." Therein, he presented the "Mermin device" that illustrates the conundrum of quantum entanglement per the Bell spin states for the "general reader." He then challenged the "physicist reader" to explain the way the device works "in terms meaningful to a general reader struggling with the dilemma raised by the device." Herein, we show how "conservation per no preferred reference frame (NPRF)" answers that challenge. In short, the explicit conservation that obtains for Alice and Bob's Stern-Gerlach spin measurement outcomes in the same reference frame holds only on average in different reference frames, not on a trial-by-trial basis. This conservation is SO(3) invariant in the relevant symmetry plane in real space per the SU(2) invariance of its corresponding Bell spin state in Hilbert space. Since NPRF is also responsible for the postulates of special relativity, and therefore its counterintuitive aspects of time dilation and length contraction, we see that the symmetry group relating non-relativistic quantum mechanics and special relativity via their "mysteries" is the restricted Lorentz group.
On narrowing coated conductor film: the emergence of granularity-induced field hysteresis of transport critical current

The critical current density Jc in polycrystalline or granular superconducting material is known to be hysteretic with applied field H due to the focusing of the field within the boundary between adjacent grains. This is of concern in the so-called coated conductors, wherein a superconducting film is grown on a granular, but textured, surface of a metal substrate. While previous work has mainly been on Jc determined using induced or magnetization currents, the present work utilizes transport current via an applied potential in strip geometry. It is observed that the effect is not as pronounced using transport current, probably due to a large difference in criterion voltage between the two types of measurements. However, when the films are narrowed by patterning into 200, 100, or 80 µm, the hysteresis is clearly seen, because of the forcing of percolation across higher-angle grain boundaries. This effect is manifested in ex situ films grown on ion-beam-assisted-deposited (IBAD) yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrate and those grown on rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates (RABiTS) which have grains that are 100–1000 times larger. The hysteresis is more pronounced for the latter, which is more likely to have a weak grain boundary spanning the width of the microbridge. This is also of concern to applications in which coated conductors will be striated in order to reduce the AC losses.
Shards, sequences, and shorelines: two new species of Bembidion from North America (Coleoptera, Carabidae).

Abstract Two new species of Bembidion are described from river shores in North America. One, Bembidion mimbres sp. nov., from the Gila River watershed in the lands of the Mimbres culture in New Mexico and Arizona, is closely related to the widespread Bembidion levigatum . DNA sequences from several linkage groups and morphology provide evidence of the distinctiveness of B. mimbres . The second, Bembidion corgenoma sp. nov., has been the subject of recent genomic and transcriptomic studies. It belongs in the Bembidion transversale subgroup, and occurs from California north to British Columbia, east to Montana and Nevada. The B. transversale subgroup as a whole is reviewed, and morphological characters that distinguish B. corgenoma from the similar and sympatric B. transversale and B. erosum are described and illustrated. DNA sequences of these three species show no consistent differences in 28S, COI, CAD, and Topoisomerase, and a coalescent species delimitation analysis reveals no notable structure within the complex. This is the first known trio of species within Bembidion for which those genes provide no clear signal of species boundaries. A neotype is designated for the one name in the group that lacks a primary type, Bembidium haplogonum Chaudoir. Chromosomes of the new species and their relatives are as is typical for Bembidion , with eleven pairs of autosomes and an XY/XX sex chromosome system.
Some Problems with Place‐Based Crime Policies

Existing crime policies are focused on raising the costs of crime for those committing the crime. For example, our drug policy attempts to deter drug crimes by increasing penalties or probabilities of capture. Eck and Eck (2012, this issue) argue that this approach ignores the growing body of evidence that suggests the majority of crime is placespecific. Dark alleys, decrepit buildings, and other places create opportunities for crime that otherwise may not have taken place. In other words, it is not just people that cause crimes, but places literally can cause crimes too. Under this framework, there may be substantial efficiency gains by tailoring crime policies in ways that provide incentives for building, motel, bar, and other proprietors to reduce crime. In this essay, we examine the merits of place-based crime policy. The fundamental idea driving place-based policy is that a causal link exists between locations and crime. This idea seems plausible. Crimes occur when offenders and their potential targets interact in situations in which there are no means to control their behavior. For instance, two antagonists will be more likely to fight at a bar without a bouncer than one that employs a bouncer. The bar with the bouncer includes a credible punishment mechanism that forces actors to control their behavior. Extending this idea, if proprietors would change their location-specific environments in ways that generally discourage crime, this could reduce the number of uncontrolled interactions, which in turn, could reduce crime overall. To make this case, however, two arguments must be true. First, proprietors do not fully internalize the externalities associated with criminal behavior that they facilitate by
SONIA: An Adaptation of LINDA for Coordination of Activities in Organisations

This paper presents Sonia, an adaptation of the Linda coordination language, to support organizational activities composed of people and software. This setting puts stress on the requirements for continuous operations in an open and heterogeneous environment where people play a major role. The goal is to take advantage of the expressiveness of Linda to support the inherent parallelism and need for coordination of workaday activities. A prototype has been built with which simple scenarios focusing on typical office work have been conducted and demonstrated to potential users from different backgrounds. The response was positive and encourages us to seek real scenarios to get more data to validate the usefulness of the mechanism.
Pulseless electrical activity arrest due to air embolism during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a case report and review of the literature

While most gastroenterologists are aware of the more common complications of endoscopy such as bleeding, infection and perforation, air embolism remains an under-recognised and difficult to diagnose problem due to its varying modes of presentation. This is the case of a 55-year-old man with right upper quadrant pain and imaging notable for cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis, who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). During the ERCP, and shortly after a sphincterotomy was performed, he became hypotensive and hypoxic, quickly decompensating into pulseless electrical activity. While advanced cardiac life support was initiated, the patient passed away. Autopsy revealed air in the pulmonary artery suggestive of a pulmonary embolism. While air embolism remains a rare complication of upper endoscopy, increased awareness and prompt recognition of signs that may point to this diagnosis may potentially save lives by allowing for earlier possible interventions.
The Practice: The Not-So-Effective Vindication Decision: The U.S. Supreme Court's Ruling in Italian Colors and Its Aftermath Are a Big Blow to Class Action Bar

This article provides commentary on the Supreme Court’s decision relating to classwide waivers in arbitration clauses in American Express Co. v. Italian Colors Restaurant, and immediate reception of the Court’s decision by the Second Circuit Court of Appeals. In one of the most closely-watched classwide arbitration cases on the 2012-13 docket, the Supreme Court in Italian Colors Restaurant was asked whether the “effective vindication rule” required access to class arbitration in federal antitrust litigation where an individual plaintiff’s claim was too small to be litigated separately. In a 5-3 decision (with Justice Sotomayor not participating) a divided Court ― led by its conservative wing ― responded with a resounding “no.” The Court’s majority in Italian Colors advanced the conservatives’ harsh approach to classwide arbitration and represented a resounding setback for the plaintiffs’ class action bar. Critics immediately attacked the decision as a pro-corporate, anti-plaintiff, anti-class action, denial-of-access-to-justice, ideologically-based decision. Justice Kagan dissented, joined by Justices Breyer and Ginsburg. Merely six weeks after issuance of the Italian Colors decision, the Second Circuit applied and extended the Italian Colors holdings to litigation under the Fair Labor Standards Act (“FSLA”). Sutherland v. Ernst & Young LLP, 2013 WL 4033844 (2d Cir. Aug. 9, 2013). The Second Circuit concluded that the Italian Colors decision abrogated the district court’s previous basis for invalidating a class action waiver provision in an arbitration clause promulgated by Ernst & Young. The Second Circuit therefore concluded that the district court had erred in denying Ernst & Young’s motion to compel arbitration. The Sutherland decision is significant because it heralds the Second Circuit’s recognition of the Italian Colors repudiation of class action waivers, as well as the evisceration of the “effective vindication rule,” which that Circuit previously had championed in several decisions. In addition, the Sutherland decision extends the Italian Color principles from Rule 23 antitrust class actions to FSLA wages and overtime litigation. By extending the Italian Colors holdings to FSLA litigation, the Sutherland decision embodies a further encroachment on plaintiffs’ access to classwide arbitration.
Transport of electrons in the near-surface region of InP

Summary form only given. To study surface-related scattering mechanisms in InP the authors have fabricated and characterized enhancement mode metal-insulator-semiconductor FETs (MISFETs) on commercially available SI material as well as accumulation mode devices on n-type gas source molecular beam epitaxy grown epitaxial n-type material. In all cases the gate insulator was SiO/sub 2/ deposited by low-pressure, indirect plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition over the temperature range from /spl sim/175 to 275K. Experimental results obtained on both types of FET have included field effect and effective mobility values measured as a function of channel carrier density and temperature, over the range from /spl sim/77 to 300 K, and as a function of dielectric growth temperature. To elucidate the dominant scattering mechanisms in these devices, the surface transport was modeled by including, in addition to the standard bulk scattering processes, the effects of surface roughness, interfacial charge, and neutral surface impurity scattering. The results of surface mobility studies are presented, including the fitting of the experimental mobility data to the theory. >
Radionuclide shunt patency study for evaluation of suspected ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction in adults with normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Objective Shunt patency studies are performed to determine whether shunt revision surgery is needed in malfunctioned ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The aim of our study was to develop a simple diagnostic algorithm in the diagnostic workup and identify factors associated with improvement after revision surgery. Methods A retrospective review of patients with confirmed shunt obstruction who underwent a revision surgery and were followed for 6 to 12 months was performed. A simpler algorithm to identify shunt obstruction was created and compared with the 4-variable algorithm. Results Of the 63 patients in whom shunt obstruction was suspected, 39 were diagnosed with complete or partial obstruction. Thirty-seven patients underwent shunt revision surgery that included removal of shunt (n = 2), conversion to a ventriculoatrial shunt (n = 8), and relocation of the distal end of the catheter into a different part of the peritoneal cavity (n = 27). Improvements were seen in 63.3% (n = 19) of patients evaluated at 6 months and 63.6% (n = 14) of patients evaluated at 12 months. The positive predictive value of the study was 80%. A simpler 1-variable algorithm using T(1/2) (half-time) could correctly classify 86.9% of patients with shunt obstruction, compared with a 4-variable algorithm that correctly classified 80% of patients. Conclusion Shunt patency studies are very useful for evaluation of shunt patency. Their results can be interpreted using a single-variable (T(1/2)) algorithm. Patients most likely to respond to a revision surgery are those who had a good response to original placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
The Impact of Conflict Judgments between Developers and Testers in Software Development

The primary role of testers is to verify and validate the software produced by developers to ensure its quality. Testing is designed to catch problems in the software and report them for correction, so it is a conflict-laden, confrontational, and judgmental process. This â€œauditâ€ role of testing is inherently adversarial, ensuring the development of components of interpersonal conflict judgments between developers and testers. Prior research indicates that such conflict is likely to be negatively associated with software quality and job satisfaction, producing negative judgments about the artifact production process and about the job itself. This study addresses the question: How do judgments of conflict between developers and testers impact the software development process? The authors develop and empirically test a research model which proposes that the conflict judgment targets of both the tasks and the persons who perform them will have direct impact on both software quality and job satisfaction judgments. Results of testing this model indicate that interpersonal judgments arising from conflict, as well as judgments made by testers and developers about the conflict targets of tasks and persons negatively influence subsequent software quality and job satisfaction judgments. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Design of a Double-Crystal X-Ray Vacuum Spectrometer

A vacuum double-crystal x-ray ionization spectrometer has been constructed and the design of the instrument is explained in some detail. A tank, of inside diameter 50 cm, formed from sheets of rolled steel and welded together, rests on a thick steel bedplate, the contact areas, generously wide, sealed with stop-cock grease, and the chamber evacuated with a magavac oil pump. This chamber is used as the forevacuum for the Hg condensation pump working on a metal x-ray tube. The slits, the first and second crystals, and the ionization chamber are contained within the tank. The axes of the two crystals are rigidly fixed with respect to each other, and, to allow change of wave-length, the x-ray tube, clamped to the side of the tank, is swung around, the tank sliding on the stop-cock grease, until the proper position is reached. Final alignment of the focal spot with the slits is effected while the tube is in operation by an adjustable target made possible by a sylphon connection in the tube. A method is explained for obtaining thermal contact with uranium for use as the target. The angular controls of the crystal $B$ and the ionization chamber are made by having long, concentric, tapered bearings extend through the bed-plate of the instrument, lubricated and held air tight with stop-cock grease, and their positions read to within one minute of arc with verniers on a fixed circle. Fine motion of crystal $B$ is accomplished by the usual lever arm and tangent micrometer screw. The insulated lead from a relatively small ionization chamber, 6.7 cubic inches in volume, which is constructed to function as a two-atmosphere pressure chamber, is brought out of the tank through the hollow center of the central steel shaft forming the axis of crystal $B$.
Cost Allocation and Opportunity Costs

One explanation for the widespread use of allocated fixed costs is that they can serve as a proxy for difficult-to-calculate opportunity costs. This explanation is pursued by modeling a service department as an M/M/s/s queueing system. Two main results are that the expected value of opportunity costs equals both the incremental productivity of capacity and the optimal transfer price. When the cost of capacity is of the form Cs = asα and α is close to one, we show that allocated fixed costs are a good proxy for average opportunity costs. However, if there are great economies of scale α is close to zero, then a method which charges users only for the variable costs of the service department is recommended. Finally, the economic efficiency of transfer prices based on either variable cost or full cost is compared with optimal transfer pricing policies.
Multimodal Learning in Loosely-Organized Web Images

Photo-sharing websites have become very popular in the last few years, leading to huge collections of online images. In addition to image data, these websites collect a variety of multimodal metadata about photos including text tags, captions, GPS coordinates, camera metadata, user profiles, etc. However, this metadata is not well constrained and is often noisy, sparse, or missing altogether. In this paper, we propose a framework to model these "loosely organized" multimodal datasets, and show how to perform loosely-supervised learning using a novel latent Conditional Random Field framework. We learn parameters of the LCRF automatically from a small set of validation data, using Information Theoretic Metric Learning (ITML) to learn distance functions and a structural SVM formulation to learn the potential functions. We apply our framework on four datasets of images from Flickr, evaluating both qualitatively and quantitatively against several baselines.
Intracellular free magnesium concentration in the sea urchin egg during fertilization

Mg2+-Sensitive microelectrodes were used to determine stable values of intracellular free Mg2+ concentration in the sea urchin egg. The resting level of Mg2+ in unfertilized eggs was 3.7 ± 1.6 mM. A small, but statistically significant increase in Mg2+ was detected during fertilization.
Placental Expression of the Heme Transporter, Feline Leukemia Virus Subgroup C Receptor, Is related to Maternal Iron Status in Pregnant Adolescents

Little is known about the expression of heme transporters in human placenta and possible associations between these transporters and maternal or neonatal iron status. To address this area of research, relative protein expression of 2 heme transporters, Feline Leukemia Virus, Subgroup C, Receptor 1 (FLVCR1) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP), was assessed using Western-blot analysis in human placental tissue in relation to maternal/neonatal iron status and placental iron concentration. Placental FLVCR1 (n = 71) and BCRP (n = 83) expression were assessed at term (36.6-41.7 wk gestation) in a cohort of pregnant adolescents (13-18 y of age) at high-risk of iron deficiency. Both FLVCR1 and BCRP were detected in all placental samples assayed. Placental FLVCR1 expression was positively related to placental BCRP expression (n = 69; R(2) = 0.104; P < 0.05). Adolescents that were anemic at delivery had lower placental FLVCR1 expression (n = 49; P < 0.05). Placental FLVCR1 expression was positively associated with placental iron concentration at delivery (n = 61; R(2) = 0.064; P < 0.05). In contrast, placental BCRP expression was not significantly associated with maternal iron status or placental iron content. Both FLVCR1 and BCRP are highly expressed in human placental tissue, but only FLVCR1 was significantly inversely associated with maternal iron status and placental iron concentration. Further analysis is needed to explore potential functional roles of FLVCR1 in human placental iron transport.
The Effects of the Media on Body Image: A Meta-Analysis

The media have been criticized for depicting the thin woman as ideal. Some argue these images create unrealistic expectations for young women and cause body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. This study cumulates findings of empirical studies that examine the effects of media on body image. An estimate of overall effect size, trends in the research, and the influence of moderating variables are examined and reported. Results suggest depictions of thin women may have little to no effect on viewers. However, images of overweight women seem to have a positive effect on women's body image. Suggestions for future research are offered.
Event asynchrony and signal regularity in sustained attention

Subjects monitored the repetitive presentation of a vertically oriented line of light (background events) for occasional increments in the height of the line (critical signals). Signals for detection occurred in either a temporally regular or an irregular manner and were blended within a background of temporally synchronous (regular) or asynchronous (irregular) background events. The vigilance decrement, as reflected by a decline in perceptual sensitivity (A‘), during the watch was eliminated when critical signals appeared regularly within a synchronous event context. By contrast, in the context of event asynchrony, regular signal appearances exacerbated the decrement. The results highlight the importance of event asynchrony as a factor in vigilance performance, and link vigilance to a growing list of psychological processes that are dependent upon contextual rhythmicity.
Some ecologic factors influencing Eimeria mccordocki Honess, 1941 in white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann).

SYNOPSIS. A study of coccidiasis of white-tailed deer from the Welder Refuge in south Texas was conducted from 1964 to 1968. Thirteen percent of 374 deer were infected with low numbers of Eimeria mccordocki, the only coccidium found commonly. Percentage of infection and numbers of coccidia were highest for young deer, for deer collected in winter, and for deer collected in plant communities with “sparse” vegetation. Immunity, environmental change, intensive and concentrated grazing behavior by deer in open areas are presented as factors contributing to the findings.
Effect of cold work on subgrain growth during recovery in Al0.6Fe alloy

Abstract The effect of cold work on subgrain growth in Al-0.6Fe alloy (where the composition is in approximate weigth per cent) has been studied during the recovery stage of annealing. Three wires of this alloy with various amounts of true wire drawing strains (ϵ = 0.77, 1.004 and 1.702) were subjected to the process of recovery during static annealing at 250°C. The rates K of subgrain growth, determined by the slope of the line in a graph of the square of the subgrain diameter (D2) vs. annealing time t, have been found to be 1.059 × 10−15 m2s−1, 3.88 × 10−16 m2s−1 and 2.63 × 10−16 m2s−1 for wires with ϵ values of 0.77, 1.004 and 1.702 respectively. This indicates that as the dislocation density increases in the wires the rate of subgrain growth decreases.
A hybrid hypercube algorithm for the symmetric tridiagonal eigenvalue problem

Two versions of an algorithm for finding the eigenvalues of symmetric, tridiagonal matrices are described. They are based on the use of the Sturm sequences and the bisection algorithm. The algorithms were implemented on the FPS T-Series. Some speedup factor results are presented.
Computing the intersection of a plane and a revolute quadric

Abstract A method of computing the intersection of a plane and a revolute quadric surface is presented. This problem is basic in geometric areas such as solid modeling and descriptive geometry. Our method delivers a closed form representation of the intersection conic as well as all parallel sections without added computation.
Proton Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopic Studies of the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Juvenile Dermatomyositis

Juvenile dermatomyositis is an inflammatory disorder of muscle, skin, and connective tissue. Immune vasculopathy is central to the pathophysiology. We studied a 13-year-old boy with juvenile dermatomyositis using proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with short tau inversion recovery (STIR), and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to quantitate lipid and water in affected regions of muscle. Tissue perfusion was assessed by measuring tissue water concentration changes during isometric exercise of the tibialis anterior muscle. During sequential studies over 3 months of steroid treatment, STIR image abnormalities, resting water concentrations, and diminished perfusion returned to normal. Resting lipid concentrations increased during this period. MRI serves to guide muscle biopsy and monitor progress of the disease state. MRS demonstrates the vasculopathy and provides noninvasive assessment of steroid therapy in juvenile dermatomyositis. (J Child Neurol 1993;8:242-249).
Het effect van proprioceptieve neuromusculaire facilitatie (PNF) op het lopen bij patiënten met langdurige en kortdurige hemiplegie

Bij patienten met hemiplegie zijn de houdingstonus en de afwisselende bewegingen, die nodig zijn om normaal te kunnen lopen, gewoonlijk gestoord. In het bijzonder het bekken wordt vaak in retractie gefixeerd, waardoor het moeilijk is de aangedane onderste extremiteit naar voren te zwaaien. Dit resulteert in een traag asymmetrisch looppatroon met geringe paslengte.
Initial Assessment of the Ability of Ivermectin to Kill Ixodes scapularis and Dermacentor variabilis Ticks Feeding on Humans

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine Ixodes scapularis and Dermacentor variabilis tick mortality when fed on humans who have consumed 400 μg/kg oral ivermectin. Methods Six study subjects, 3 in each group, were randomly assigned to receive either 400 μg/kg ivermectin or placebo in a blinded manner. After consuming either ivermectin or placebo, each study subject had 2 colostomy bags attached to his or her abdomen. One of the colostomy bags contained 7 I scapularis nymphs and 7 adults. The other colostomy bag contained 7 D variabilis nymphs and 7 adults. Tick mortality was recorded over the next 24 hours. Results Fifty-five percent (6 of 11) of the attached I scapularis nymphs exposed to ivermectin had morbidity (3 of 11) or died (3 of 11), compared with 0% morbidity and mortality in the 2 I scapularis nymphs that attached in the placebo group. No I scapularis adults or D variabilis nymphs attached to feed. Among D variabilis adults that attached to feed, there was a 0% mortality rate for both the placebo group (0 of 6) and the ivermectin group (0 of 8). Conclusions We demonstrate a novel method to confine ticks to human subjects to study tick-borne diseases. While there was a trend toward I scapularis morbidity and mortality in the ivermectin arm, the low number of ticks that attached in the placebo group limited our analysis. Most ticks began feeding in the last 12 hours of the experiment, significantly limiting their exposure to ivermectin. Ivermectin does not cause early death in D variabilis adults.
Boredom proneness and sleep disorders as predictors of adult attention deficit scores

This study examined the extent to which boredom proneness and sleep disturbances were related to attention deficit scores in college-aged adults. In a sample of 148 college students, Attention scores on the Adult Behavior Checklist were best predicted by Boredom Proneness (BP) subscale scores, which assess one's inability to maintain internal stimulation and feelings of constraint, and scores on the Epworth Daytime Sleepiness Scale and Athens Insomnia Scale (R2 = .57). Hyperactivity scores were best predicted by the BP subscales, which assess one's need for a stimulating environment, the perception of time passing slowly, and feelings of constraint, and the Epworth Scale (R2 = .51). The findings contribute to the understanding of the symptomatology of attention deficit in adults and provide further evidence of the validity of this measure.
A Splice Variant of Arrestin from Human Retina

Retinal arrestin is known to participate in the quenching of phototransduction through binding to light-activated and phosphorylated rhodopsin. Recently, a splice variant of retinal arrestin was identified in bovine photoreceptors which could bind unphosphorylated photoactive rhodopsin. In this report, a splice variant of retinal arrestin is identified in the human retina. The variant of human arrestin is produced by splicing out exon 12, unlike the bovine variant which is produced by splicing out exon 16. This 78 bp deletion in the human splice variant produces a polypeptide with a calculated molecular weight of 42.2 kDa that lacks 26 amino acids when compared to the full-length retinal arrestin. The use of quantitative competitive PCR indicates that the mRNA for the human splice variant of arrestin is present at approximately one-twentieth of the level of human arrestin mRNA.
Problems of Sources for the Iconography of the Lyre Drawings

IN the past decade a number of studies have appeared which show that art historians are attempting to arrive at a better understanding of the role which model books or sketchbooks played in the transmission of artistic ideas during the Middle Ages.' The collection of thirteenth-century drawings executed by Villard de Honnecourt, for example, reminds us that there was no lack of migrant artists during medieval times, and compilations of drawings made by travelling artists have long been recognized as important vehicles for the exchange of artistic ideas.2 The sketches of the famed Freiburg leaves in the Augustinermuseum which are usually dated to the late twelfth or early thirteenth century, perhaps even more than Villard's collection, introduce us to the problem of distinguishing between what might be called the stylistic and iconographical spheres of such model books.3 The Freiburg drawings were created during the period which witnessed the emergence of Gothic figurative art in the West an era when Western artists turned time and again to Byzantine stylistic solutions for inspiration. As a result, are we able to differentiate in borrowings from Byzantine models by the artist of the Freiburg drawings what he added as a strictly iconographical notation, what he may have included because he liked a specific pose or compositional device, and what he may have copied because he felt it represented the best form of a stylistic outlook which he wished to exploit to his own ends? Or in the case of the Freiburg leaves are stylistic and iconographical considerations inextricably intermingled? These sketchbooks formed by Villard and the artist of the Freiburg leaves have recently been termed "motif books" and would appear to belong to a different category of model book than the more systematic compilations of pictorial imagery which can be found in other model books such as the series of illustrated leaves in Berlin (Kupferstichkabinett, MS. 78 A 6) and Paris (Bibliotheque Nationale, MS. lat. 11907, fols. 231-32).4 There must have been a need for a