cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A rare case of pseudotumor formation associated with methyl methacrylate hypersensitivity in a patient following cemented total knee arthroplasty

Hypersensitivity to orthopedic implant materials has been well documented with potential catastrophic consequences if not addressed pre-operatively. The spectrum of reactions is wide, from mild non-specific pain with localized erythema to severe periprosthetic inflammatory destruction and pseudotumor formation. It is therefore essential to identify patients who have or are at risk for implant-associated hypersensitivity. Although metal sensitivity is commonly cited as the cause of these reactions, methyl methacrylate (MMA) has rarely been implicated. To the best of our knowledge, methyl methacrylate-associated pseudotumor formation has not yet been described. The following is a case report of a 68-year-old female who, after undergoing a routine cemented right total knee arthroplasty, developed a painless, enlarging mass during a 13-year period. This mass was found to be a pseudotumor in association with methyl methacrylate hypersensitivity. A review of pseudotumor pathogenesis, methyl methacrylate hypersensitivity, and preoperative preventative care is discussed.
Developmentally regulated RNA transcripts coding for alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila affinidisjuncta.

ABSTRACT The organization of the gene coding for alcohol dehydrogenase ( Adh ) in Drosophila affinidisjuncta has been determined by physically mapping Adh RNA transcripts to cloned genomic DNA. Two distinct transcript types accumulate with developmental specificity. Because only a single genomic Adh locus is detected in D. affinidisjuncta , and since all Adh transcripts appear to be identical except at their termini, the two Adh RNA types are products of the same gene. One type of transcript, abundant in adults, contains a small 59 terminal exon that is completely lacking in the other type of transcript, which accumulates in larvae. This 59 end difference suggests that the D. affinidisjuncta Adh gene, like the homologous gene from the distantly related species D. melanogaster , is expressed from two promoters. According to the transcription map, these D. affinidisjuncta promoters are separated by approximately 560 base pairs of genomic DNA sequence. D. affinidisjuncta Adh transcripts also resemble D. melanogaster Adh transcripts in both their overall organization and their developmental distribution. Multiple 39 ends are responsible for the size heterogeneity of both types of D. affinidisjuncta Adh RNA, and some of these also appear with stage specificity.
Vaccine-Induced Acute Metabolic Crises

Acute metabolic crisis occurring in 7 children (6 at ages 3-9 months, and 1 at 5 years), between 3 and 12 hours after administration of Japanese encephalitis, diphtheria, and tetanus toxoids, and acellular pertussis, hepatitis B, and measles vaccines, is reported from Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
Imaging of the liver.

The liver continues to be a focus for various imaging methods, but MR imaging received most of the attention with new sequences or modifications of older techniques. Primary and secondary focal liver lesions were studied using various techniques, and most researchers agreed that characterization of lesions is the domain of MR imaging. For actual detection of lesions, particularly for number and size of lesions, CT, especially CT during arterial portography, was still considered the methods of choice. Innovative approaches included three-dimensional image analysis of metastases for segmental localization and fusion of images from several cross-sectional studies for improved characterization of lesions. Assessment of fatty infiltration in the liver was investigated using both CT and MR imaging, but the definitive role of cross-sectional imaging for this purpose is not yet established. Evaluation of venous vascular systems was also investigated using both color Doppler ultrasound and MR imaging, but the role of these techniques vis-a-vis each other needs further definition. Spectroscopy continued to advance but current limitations in localization and processing techniques prevented an enthusiastic endorsement by clinicians. Its potential for assessment of tumor response to chemotherapy is substantial.
Urinary estrogens in postterm pregnancy

A 40-month retrospective review of 677 postterm pregnancies was undertaken to determine the usefulness of 24-hour urinary estrogen per gram of creatinine (E/Cr) in monitoring such pregnancies. The cutoff value between normal and low E/Cr values was chosen at the tenth percentile (18 mg/gm). The corrected perinatal mortality rate (PMR) in post-term pregnancies with normal E/Cr was 0.23% (1/426) and was not different from that at term (0.23%; 4/1,775). However, in post-term pregnancies with low E/Cr, the corrected PMR was 9.2% (4/43), representing a 40-fold increase (P less than 0.001). The incidence of fetal distress was also significantly higher in patients with low E/Cr (57%) than in those with normal E/Cr (5.5%; P less than 0.001). It was worrisome to note that three of four stillborn infants had antepartum fetal heart testing within 4 days, which indicated fetal well-being. The E/Cr appears to be a reliable test for identifying those postterm pregnancies at risk that might benefit from obstetric intervention.
Nitric oxide alters cytosolic potassium in cultured glomerular mesangial cells.

Endothelium-derived relaxing factor is believed to be nitric oxide (NO). Evidence suggests that it has important functions in the regulation of mesangial cell (MC) tone and possibly in inflammation. As a vasodilator, its vasorelaxant effect depends, in part, on changes in cell membrane potential. We therefore tested the hypothesis that MCs in culture produce NO that results in cell relaxation through the opening of K+ conductance pathways. The K(+)-sensitive fluorescent dye, potassium-binding benzofuran isophthalate, was used to detect rapid changes in intracellular K+ concentration ([K+]i). The membrane potential-sensitive dye, 1,3-(sulfonatopropyl)-4-([beta-di-n- butylamino)-6-naphthyl]vinyl)pyridinium betaine (Di-4-AN-EPPS), was used to detect changes in membrane potential. Basal [K+]i was 92 +/- 9 mM (n = 46). In response to sodium nitroprusside (SNP), acetylcholine (ACh), and bradykinin (BK), [K+]i decreased to 72 +/- 7 (n = 5, P 4 for each agonist examined, P < 0.0001). NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) and methylene blue inhibited the [K+]i-lowering effect of ACh and BK by 94 and 85% for L-NMMA (n = 5 for each agonist, P < 0.0001) and by 67 and 72% for methylene blue (n = 5 for each agonist, P < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Genetic Aspects of Alcohol Metabolism and Drinking Behavior

This chapter discusses the various pathways of alcohol metabolism, including alternative pathways in alcoholics that may cause the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress. Gender differences in alcohol metabolism and the effect of food on alcohol absorption are also addressed.
Why Do CEOs Agree To The Discipline Of Dividends

Abstract This study investigates dividend initiation as the product of the imbalance of power between shareholders and management in U.S. firms from 2003 to 2012. We find that dividend initiation is associated with a stronger governance structure (strong shareholders' rights and board independence), in accordance with the outcome model. We do not identify a single motivation for dividend initiation. Dividend-initiating firms tend to rely on various forms of governance balanced by the interests and ownership of CEOs and directors. Firms with institutional owners are more likely to initiate dividends concurrent with the turnover of the CEO. Dual CEOs initiate dividends when they own more shares, and boards of directors initiate dividends with a higher personal ownership stake when shareholders' rights are weak. We also find that when initiation is due to stronger governance, it is significantly related to the firm's investment opportunities, while for weak governance firms, that relationship is not observed. We interpret this as evidence that, under weaker governance, the decision to initiate dividends is motivated by agency conflicts rather than investment or capital structure considerations.
Comparing Default Movement Algorithms for Individual Fish Avoidance of Hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico

The northern Gulf of Mexico is the site of one of the largest areas of seasonal, coastal hypoxia (up to 22,000 km\(^{2}\)). Hypoxia can have both direct and indirect effects on fish. Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) is a good model organism for studying the effects of hypoxia on fish in the Gulf of Mexico because it is a demersal species that lives in the area where hypoxia occurs and has been studied extensively. Virtual croaker movement was examined for three algorithm groups on a two-dimensional grid encompassing the Gulf hypoxia region. The model was run for seven days using four static dissolved oxygen maps reflecting progressively increasing hypoxia severity. Individual fish movement was modeled using a particle-tracking module with outputs from a three-dimensional hydrodynamic-water quality model for the 2002 hypoxia season. The three algorithm groups included the neighborhood search for hypoxia avoidance and the random walk, Cauchy correlated random walk, or kinesis for the default behavior. The results show that the default algorithms have little effect on hypoxia exposure of individual fish, but affect sinuosity (wiggle in fish path). The variables to consider when choosing between the three default algorithms are time step, dispersal, and the effects of stressors other than hypoxia. This study emphasizes the need to acquire suitable data for calibration of fish movement models that are presently not available for the northern Gulf of Mexico.
Abstract 404: High-throughput Screening Reveals the Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibitor Nornicotine is Cardioprotective in Ischemia-reperfusion Injury When Delivered at Reperfusion

Background: To date, there are no FDA-approved therapies for the reduction of infarct size in acute myocardial infarction. Previously, we developed a cell-based phenotypic assay of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, which was used to identify novel cytoprotective agents delivered prior to ischemia. Herein, we sought to identify cytoprotective agents in a more clinically relevant model: drug delivery at reperfusion, and to investigate possible underlying mechanisms of protection. Methods: Primary adult mouse cardiomyocytes were subjected to simulated IR injury using a modified Seahorse XF24 apparatus with drug addition at the onset of reperfusion. Cell death was estimated using LDH release. Drugs which protected cardiomyocytes in vitro were tested in a Langendorff model of IR injury, measuring functional recovery and infarct size. In separate experiments, metabolites extracted from perfused hearts were resolved by HPLC. Results: Nornicotine was identified as a cardioprotective agent in the screen. In perfused hearts, 10 nM nornicotine injected at the onset of reperfusion improved functional recovery and decreased in infarct size (13.1% ± 2.4 vs 49.2% ± 2.5 in non-treated hearts, p<0.05, n=16-20). Nornicotine also exhibited profound inhibitory effects on mitochondrial complex I activity. Succinate is known to accumulate in ischemia, and its rapid consumption during early reperfusion exacerbates reperfusion injury via ROS generation from electron backflow through complex I [PMID: 25383517]. In non-treated hearts, we confirmed that high post ischemic levels of succinate rapidly declined during the first 2 min of reperfusion. In contrast, nornicotine slowed post-ischemic succinate consumption, suggesting that electron backflow through complex I is the major pathway driving succinate consumption. Conclusions: Herein, we demonstrated that nornicotine was cardioprotective when delivered at early reperfusion in vitro and ex vivo. The mechanism of cardioprotection may be due to inhibition of rapid succinate consumption during early reperfusion via reverse electron flow back through complex I.
Body Fat, Blood Coagulation Time, and the Harvard Step Test Recovery Index

Abstract To investigate further the inverse relationship that appears to exist between ischemic heart disease and physical activity, experiments were conducted on 54 healthy male students to determine the relationship between blood coagulation time and fat storage, Harvard Step Test scores, age, height, and weight. No significant relationship was found to exist between clotting time and the selected variables.
Money Wages are Completely Flexible in Chapters 19, 20 and 21 of the General Theory

Chapter 19 of the General Theory gives Keynes’s literary presentation of why perfectly flexible money wages can’t eliminate involuntary unemployment. Chapters 20 and 21 provide the mathematical analysis showing why perfectly flexible money wages can’t eliminate involuntary unemployment. One of the reasons Keynes divides through by w in his D-Z-Y model (Dw, Zw, Yw) was because changes in w, be they instantaneous, slow, sticky,etc., merely shift the Aggregate Supply Curve (ASC), a locus of all the expected Z-D equilibriums that satisfy the necessary and sufficient first and second order conditions for an expected profit maximum. The ASC is a locus of multiple equilibria. Only one of this set of all expected multiple equilibria will be consistent with market clearing in the Labor Market. All other D-Z equilibriums will result in a disequilibrium occurring in the labor market which can’t be impacted because all such points on the ASC are relative optima that are profit maximizing for the entrepreneur with respect to his profit expectations in a model of purely competitive firms. The ASC is Keynes’s primary mathematical result in Footnote 2 on pp.55-56 of the General Theory,a result which Keynes duplicated in far more greater detail on pp.283-284 of the General Theory and in footnotes 1 and 2 on p.283 of the General Theory.It is the failure to recognize that chapter 3 of the General Theory is not the central chapter because the central chapters are 20 and 21. Further, Keynes is not a Marshallian in these chapters, but a Pigouvian. Therefore, Keynes’s analysis shows that it is the expected real wage that equals the marginal productivity of labor and not the actual real wage. The neoclassical model considers the existence of only one equilibrium in a perfectly competitive model, as done by Modigliani in 1944, where the optimality result occurs where the actual real wage equals the marginal productivity of labor. Once the mathematics of Keynes’s construction of the ASC is mastered, then it is obvious that money wage changes can have no impact until the full employment level of output is reached on the boundary of the Production Possibilities curve.
Effects of cadmium on the biota: influence of environmental factors.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the effects of cadmium (Cd) on the biota. Among the numerous pollutants, Cd, an element with no known biologic function, is of major concern. Industrial utilization of compounds containing Cd has accelerated the rates of mobilization and transport of Cd, which far exceed the rates of natural, abiotic cycling processes. Cd is one of the most toxic pollutants emitted in the biosphere, as evidenced by its adverse influence on microbial activities and interactions. The toxicity of Cd to the biota is dependent on the physicochemical characteristics of the environment in which Cd is deposited. For example, the toxicity of Cd to plants and microorganisms was smaller in the presence of divalent cations (for example, Zn, Mg, Mn, Ca, and Fe), cysteine, chelating agents (for example, EDTA), organic material, and clay minerals. The uptake of Cd by plants was increased as the soil temperature was elevated. Soil pH also influenced uptake of Cd by plants, with some studies showing Cd uptake increasing as the soil pH was lowered and other studies demonstrating Cd uptake by plants to be independent of soil pH.
An investigation of tour generation models combining two waves of household travel surveys through pooled models

This paper presents a study that examines two waves of travel survey data through a pooled model structure. The pooled model structure provides a means to take advantage of multiple data sources wh...
Association between maternal acculturation and health beliefs related to oral health of Latino children

This report is presenting the association of maternal acculturation, measured by preferred language, and oral health-related psychosocial measures in an urban Latino population. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 100 mother-child dyads from the Dental Center at the Children’s Hospital Colorado, the University of Colorado. A portion of Basic Research Factors Questionnaire capturing information about parental dental knowledge, attitudes, behavior and psychosocial measures was used to collect data from the participating mothers. Descriptive statistics were calculated for demographics and psychosocial measures by acculturation. A univariate linear regression model was performed for each measure by preferred language for primary analysis followed by adjusted model adjusting for parent’s education. The mean age of the children was 3.99 years (SD = 1.11), and that of the mother was 29.54 years (SD = 9.62). Dental caries, measured as dmfs, was significantly higher in children of Spanish-speaking mothers compared to children of English-speaking mothers. English-speaking mothers had higher mean scores of oral health knowledge, oral health behaviors, knowledge on dental utilization, self-efficacy, and Oral Health Locus of Control as compared to Spanish-speaking mothers. Univariate analysis demonstrated significant association for preference for Spanish language with knowledge on dental utilization, maternal self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers. The effect of language was attenuated, but significant, for each of these variables after adjusting for parent’s education. This study reported that higher acculturation measured by a preference for the English language had a positive association with oral health outcomes in children. Spanish-speaking mothers perceived that their children were less susceptible to caries. Additionally, they perceived barriers in visiting the dentist for preventive visits.
Restoration: The Foreskin and the American Dream

The author first heard about intactivism in the “Letters to the Editor” section of a national monthly magazine in 1986, at age 24. A decade later, a seed was planted by something he heard on the radio, and now he markets foreskin restoration devices, with over 10,000 clients served. Being a “professional” intactivist has given him some unique opportunities. He explains why he counts himself among the lucky few—with a life’s work in perfect harmony with his passions.
On the Problem of Representation

The author first defines the problem of representation and its importance in various areas of intellectual activity embracing empirical and abstract sciences. The need is stressed for extended studies of the relationships between the concept of representation and that of sign (semiosis). Finally, notions of representation are classified into three categories and analysed relative to syntactic, semantic and pragmatic dimensions of sign processes and a unified semiotic interpretation of the representation problem is proposed.
Crystal structure prediction in the context of inverse materials design

Inverse materials design tackles the challenge of finding materials with desired properties, tailored to specific applications, by combining atomistic simulations and optimization methods. The search for optimal materials requires one to survey large spaces of candidate solids. These spaces of materials can encompass both known and hypothetical compounds. When hypothetical compounds are explored, it becomes crucial to determine which ones are stable (and can be synthesized) and which are not. Crystal structure prediction is a necessary step for assessing theoretically the stability of a hypothetical material and, therefore, is a crucial step in inverse materials design protocols. Here, we describe how biologically-inspired global optimization methods can efficiently predict the stable crystal structure of solids. Specifically, we discuss the application of genetic algorithms to search for optimal atom configurations in systems in which the underlying lattice is given, and of evolutionary algorithms to address the general lattice-type prediction problem.
Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Catalysis in Microemulsions

In this chapter, the possibility of conducting electrochemical and electrocatalytic reactions by using microemulsions and the types of processes that are thereby involved are reviewed. An account is given of the considerable volume of work that has already been accomplished in this field. In a general sense, microemulsions, coupled with electrode interfacial processes, allow a kind of localized “phase transfer” of reactants, intermediates and products, often with advantageous results and useful applications.
Past and Present Evidence of Interethnic Mating

In the last century, a number of Europeans and North Americans traveled through Black Carib settlements in Central America and recorded their impressions of the inhabitants. Despite only fleeting contact, they were struck by the distinctive “manners and customs” of the Black Carib, whom they described, almost without exception, as an “exclusive,” endogamous people. A midcentury census from Belize, which enumerated many mixed Caribs, offers a conflicting view: in just 60 years, between their initial entry into Belize in 1802 and the compilation of the 1861 census, Black Caribs had apparently reproduced with a variety of non-Caribs.
Hip Injuries in the Contact Athlete

Despite being relatively uncommon when compared to injuries to the ankle and knee, hip injuries in the contact athlete account for 5%-6% of all athletic-related injuries with increasing prevalence over the last decade. Athletic hip injuries represent a spectrum of often overlapping intra- and extra-articular disorders with the potential to cause significant disability and time lost from sport. Advancements in imaging modalities, arthroscopic instrumentation, and surgical techniques have improved diagnostic capabilities and treatment outcomes of athletic hip injuries. Furthermore, increased screening and better recognition of the role of femoroacetabular impingement on the development of intra-articular hip pathology and instability has provided physicians with a treatable risk factor deterring further hip disorders. This chapter provides physicians with a brief overview of commonly encounter hip injuries in the contact athlete, namely: muscle strains, contusion, labral injuries, and hip instability secondary to dislocation or subluxation in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement, as well as the previously described “sports hip triad.”
A universal discoidal nanoplatform for the intracellular delivery of PNAs

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have gained considerable attention due to their remarkable potential in gene editing and targeting-based strategies. However, cellular delivery of PNAs remains a challenge in developing their broader therapeutic applications. Here, we investigated a novel complex made of lipid bicelles and PNA-based carriers for the efficient delivery of PNAs. For proof of concept, PNAs targeting microRNA (miR) 210 and 155 were tested. Comprehensive evaluation of positive as well as negative charge-containing bicelles with PNA : lipid ratios of 1 : 100, 1 : 1000, and 1 : 2500 was performed. The negatively charged bicelles with a PNA : lipid molar ratio of 1 : 2500 yielded a discoidal shape with a uniform diameter of ∼30 nm and a bilayer thickness of 5 nm, while the positively charged bicellar system contained irregular vesicles after the incorporation of PNA. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis was performed to provide insight into how the hydrophobic PNAs interact with bicelles. Further, flow cytometry followed by confocal microscopy analyses substantiate the superior transfection efficiency of bicelles containing dye-conjugated antimiR PNAs. Functional analysis also confirmed miR inhibition by PNA oligomers delivered by bicelles. The nanodiscoidal complex opens a new pathway to deliver PNAs, which, on their own, are a great challenge to be endocytosed into cells.
Does Education for Special Librarianship Need to Be "Special Education"?.

L'auteur examine le niveau de formation de 124 bibliothecaires travaillant tous dans des bibliotheques specialisees et il evalue 11 elements de formation. Les conclusions de cette etude soulignent l'importance d'une formation polyvalente des specialistes de l'information
Hyperbaric oxygen toxicity in brain: A case of hyperoxia induced hypoglycemic brain syndrome.

Abstract Hyperbaric oxygen exposure is a recent hazzard for higher animals that originated as humans began underwater construction, exploration, and sports. Exposure can lead to abnormal brain EEG, convulsions, and death, the time to onset of each stage of pathology decreasing with increase in oxygen pressure. We provide evidence that hyperoxia, through oxidative phosphorylation, increases the energy state ([ATP]/[ADP][Pi]) of cells critical to providing glucose to cells behind the blood brain barrier (BBB). Brain cells without an absolute dependence on glucose metabolism; i.e. those having sufficient ATP synthesis using lactate and glutamate as oxidizable substrates, are not themselves very adversely affected by hyperoxia. The increased energy state and decrease in free [AMP], however, suppress glucose transport through the blood brain barrier (BBB) and into cells behind the BBB. Glucose has to pass in sequence through three steps of transport by facilitated diffusion and transporter activity for each step is regulated in part by AMP dependent protein kinase. The physiological role of this regulation is to increase glucose transport in response to hypoxia and/or systemic hypoglycemia. Hyperoxia, however, through unphysiological decrease in free [AMP] suppresses 1) glucose transport through the BBB (endothelial GLUT1 transporters) into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); 2) glucose transport from CSF into cells behind the BBB (GLUT3 transporters) and (GLUT4 transporters). Cumulative suppression of glucose transport results in local regions of hypoglycemia and induces hypoglycemic failure. It is suggested that failure is initiated at axons and synapses with insufficient mitochondria to meet their energy requirements.
Ten years of the horse reference genome: insights into equine biology, domestication and population dynamics in the post-genome era.

The horse reference genome from the Thoroughbred mare Twilight has been available for a decade and, together with advances in genomics technologies, has led to unparalleled developments in equine genomics. At the core of this progress is the continuing improvement of the quality, contiguity and completeness of the reference genome, and its functional annotation. Recent achievements include the release of the next version of the reference genome (EquCab3.0) and generation of a reference sequence for the Y chromosome. Horse satellite-free centromeres provide unique models for mammalian centromere research. Despite extremely low genetic diversity of the Y chromosome, it has been possible to trace patrilines of breeds and pedigrees and show that Y variation was lost in the past approximately 2300 years owing to selective breeding. The high-quality reference genome has led to the development of three different SNP arrays and WGSs of almost 2000 modern individual horses. The collection of WGS of hundreds of ancient horses is unique and not available for any other domestic species. These tools and resources have led to global population studies dissecting the natural history of the species and genetic makeup and ancestry of modern breeds. Most importantly, the available tools and resources, together with the discovery of functional elements, are dissecting molecular causes of a growing number of Mendelian and complex traits. The improved understanding of molecular underpinnings of various traits continues to benefit the health and performance of the horse whereas also serving as a model for complex disease across species.
Adolescent Porn Viewing and Religious Context: Is the Eye Still the Light of the Body?

While prior research has examined the relationship between personal religiosity and porn viewing, little do we know about the overall religious context and its influence on porn viewing. Using two ...
Cortical superficial siderosis progression in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: Prospective MRI study.

Objective To investigate the prevalence, predictors, and clinical relevance of cortical superficial siderosis (cSS) progression in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Methods Consecutive patients with symptomatic CAA meeting Boston criteria in a prospective cohort underwent baseline and follow-up MRI within 1 year. cSS progression was evaluated on an ordinal scale and categorized into mild (score 1–2 = cSS extension within an already present cSS focus or appearance of 1 new cSS focus) and severe progression (score 3–4 = appearance of ≥2 new cSS foci). Binominal and ordinal multivariable logistic regression were used to determine cSS progression predictors. We investigated future lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) risk in survival analysis models. Results We included 79 patients with CAA (mean age, 69.2 years), 56 (71%) with lobar ICH at baseline. cSS progression was detected in 23 (29%) patients: 15 (19%) patients had mild and 8 (10%) severe progression. In binominal multivariable logistic regression, ICH presence (odds ratio [OR], 7.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.75–53.52; p = 0.016) and baseline cSS (OR, 10.41; 95% CI, 2.84–52.83; p = 0.001) were independent predictors of cSS progression. In similar models, presence of disseminated (but not focal) cSS at baseline (OR, 5.58; 95% CI, 1.81–19.41; p = 0.004) was an independent predictor of cSS progression. Results were similar in ordinal multivariable logistic regression models. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, severe cSS progression was independently associated with increased future ICH risk (HR, 5.90; 95% CI, 1.30–26.68; p = 0.021). Conclusions cSS evolution on MRI is common in patients with symptomatic CAA and might be a potential biomarker for assessing disease severity and future ICH risk. External validation of these findings is warranted.
Electrofission of U 238

Calculation of the integrated electrofission cross section for ${\mathrm{U}}^{238}$, based on the known photofission cross section, shows that the photonuclear giant resonance can account for only about 15% of the cross section when the incident electron energy is large (\ensuremath{\simeq}500 MeV). The plane-wave approximation can be used; distortion of the electron wave functions produces less than 10% enhancement of the integrated cross section. Alternative mechanisms, which may contribute to electrofission, are introduced.
Diabetes and covid-19: a global health challenge.

On 31 December 2019, several clusters of an unusual pneumonia were reported in Wuhan, China.1 Analysis of five patient samples identified the causative agent as the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an enveloped positive-sense RNA virus that is 96% identical at the whole genome level to a bat coronavirus2 and was later named 2019 novel coronavirus.2 3The clinical manifestations of the pneumonia have ranged from mild lower respiratory tract symptoms to the more severe manifestations of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and associated high mortality,4 and the new disease has been named 2019 coronavirus disease or covid-19 by the WHO.3 The USA reported its first case on 20 January 2020 in Washington.5 By 11 March 2020, the WHO declared covid-19 a pandemic with over 118 000 cases in 114 countries and 4291 deaths.6 As of 6 April 2020, there were over 1 210 965 cases worldwide with 67 594 deaths. Of those, the USA has made up 330 891 confirmed cases and over 8910 deaths.7 Diabetes mellitus is consistently one of the most common comorbidities found in patients with covid-19. Guan et al 8 showed that approximately 7% of the patients with covid-19 had diabetes as a comorbidity. However, the prevalence of diabetes was almost threefold higher in covid-19 patients with severe disease (16.2%) as compared with those with non-severe disease (5.7%). Zhou et al 9 showed that diabetes was an associated comorbidity …
The Consequences of Ageist Language are upon us.

The COVID‒19 pandemic has highlighted the ease in which ageist language is employed and ageist stereotypes are used to characterize older adults. These are harmful and display an impressive lack of...
∗-Trek II: ∗n operations, open Wilson lines and the Seiberg–Witten map

Abstract Generalizations of the ∗ -product (e.g., n-ary ∗ n operations) appear in various places in the discussion of noncommutative gauge theories. These include the one-loop effective action of noncommutative gauge theories, the couplings between massless closed and open string modes, and the Seiberg–Witten map between the ordinary and noncommutative Yang–Mills fields. We propose that the natural way to understand the ∗ n operations is through the expansion of an open Wilson line. We establish the connection between an open Wilson line and the ∗ n operations and use it to (I) write down a gauge invariant effective action for the one-loop F4 terms in the noncommutative N =4 SYM theory; (II) find the gauge invariant couplings between the noncommutative SYM modes and the massless closed string modes in flat space; (III) propose a closed form for the Seiberg–Witten map in the U(1) case.
Excessive elevation of serum phosphate during tumor lysis syndrome: Lessons from a particularly challenging case.

Burkitt's lymphoma is a common cause of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) and, in the era of aggressive utilization of prophylactic allopurinol and recombinant uricase enzyme, nephrologists are increasingly witnessing monovalent or divalent cation abnormalities without marked uric acid elevation. An 18-year-old male received his 1st cycle of intensive chemotherapy for Burkitt's lymphoma and developed TLS as defined by the Cairo Bishop criteria. Lactate dehydrogenase peaked at 9,105 U/L (range: 130 - 250) and was accompanied by acute kidney injury, including serum creatinine 2.2 mg/dL on the 4th day with oliguria, hyperkalemia, extreme hyperphosphatemia (21.4 mg/dL), hypermagnesemia, and hypocalcemia. Renal replacement therapy decision was made based on life-threatening electrolyte disturbances. The competing necessity to effectively control hyperphosphatemia and avoid the complication of dialysis disequilibrium syndrome prompted us to perform an initial intermittent hemodialysis with simultaneous intravenous mannitol administration, followed by continuous hemodialysis to manage the continued production of phosphorus from cell lysis. Osmotic stability during the therapy session was affirmatively demonstrated (322, 319 mOsm/kg, respectively). The patient showed excellent tolerance for these therapies and eventually recovered renal function as demonstrated during follow-up visits.
Management of Auditory Processing Difficulties Virtually: A Case Study

Difficulty hearing in the presence of background noise is a common complaint heard by audiologists. This can be accompanied by additional difficulty in classrooms and other difficult listening situations. This was recently exacerbated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shutdowns and the accompanying mask usage and virtual meetings. This article describes one such patient seen during the recent shutdown. This patient reported difficulty hearing during her college coursework for her music performance major. She was an established otology patient with an extensive middle ear history including multiple surgeries. During the shutdown, she virtually consulted with the auditory processing disorders clinic at the recommendation of her otologist to discuss her college-related difficulty and pursue educational accommodations. Challenges and solutions for seeing this patient and other, similar patients virtually are discussed as well as a review of how this patient proceeded and how the knowledge gained from this patient could apply to others with similar concerns.
Finding the Right Angle: A Geometric Approach to Measuring Intersectional HIV Stigma.

Intersectionality has emerged as theoretically and practically important to advancing HIV stigma research. However, few psychometric measures capture the intricacies of intersectional stigma. Grounded in the HIV stigma framework and contemporary theories of intersectionality, this paper describes a novel approach to conceptualizing the measurement of intersectional stigma. Taking the notion of an intersection literally, that is the point at which two or more lines meet and form a union, we offer a geometric conceptualization for developing a psychometric instrument to measure intersectional stigma. Ratings of stigmatized attributes, such as stigma ascribed to gender, race, sexual orientation, and HIV status are assessed on independent scales to calculate their intersection using the Pythagorean Theorem, c = $$\surd$$ (a2 + b2) and its extension to multiple stigmatized attributes d = $$\surd$$ (a2 + b2 + c2). Data from a sample of Black /African American women living with HIV were used to test the concept of a geometric approach to measuring intersectional enacted stigma and intersectional anticipated stigma. Findings from the test of concept were encouraging and warrant further scale development research.
The Use of a Behavioral Simulation to Teach Business Ethics

The purpose of this paper is to describe behavioral simulations, develop a rationale for their use in business education, and outline a business ethics simulation developed for the university classroom. First, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of traditional classroom approaches for teaching ethics. Second, we describe simulations and discuss the benefits of a using a business ethics simulation as part of the classroom experience. Finally, we outline the simulation development process and describe the Soy-DRI business ethics simulation.
Isolation and expression of the gene encoding yeast mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase.

Abstract The mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme malate dehydrogenase was purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and an antibody to the purified enzyme was obtained in rabbits. Immunoscreening of a yeast genomic DNA library cloned into a lambda gt11 expression vector with anti-malate dehydrogenase immunoglobulin G resulted in identification of a lambda recombinant encoding an immunoreactive beta-galactosidase fusion protein. The yeast DNA portion of the coding region for the fusion protein translates into an amino acid sequence which is very similar to carboxy-terminal sequences of malate dehydrogenases from other organisms. In s. cerevisiae transformed with a multicopy plasmid carrying the complete malate dehydrogenase gene, the specific activity and immunoreactivity of the mitochondrial isozyme are increased by eightfold. Expression of both the chromosomal and plasmid-borne genes is repressed by growth on glucose. Disruption of the chromosomal malate dehydrogenase gene in haploid S. cerevisiae produces mutants unable to grow on acetate and impaired in growth on glycerol plus lactate as carbon sources.
Using Industry Experiences to Promote Change in the Types of Instructional Strategies Used by Secondary Science Teachers

(1998). Using Industry Experiences to Promote Change in the Types of Instructional Strategies Used by Secondary Science Teachers. Journal of Science Teacher Education: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 143-152.
STUDIES ON THE CIRCULATION IN MAN : VI. OBSERVATIONS ON THE BLOOD FLOW IN THE HANDS (MAINLY) IN CASES OF ANEMIA.

1. In the cases of anemia studied (pernicious anemia, chlorosis, and secondary anemia) the blood flow in the hand is smaller than the normal flow. 2. Accepting Plesch's result, that the minute volume of the heart is increased in the anemias, the diminution in the hand flow is interpreted as a sign of a vasoconstriction in peripheral parts, which facilitates the increased flow through the lungs. 3. The deficiency in the hand flow is less in the chlorotic group than in the other cases of anemia. The explanation suggested is that the increased total volume of the blood in chlorosis permits the normal amount of hemoglobin to circulate through the lungs without a marked increase in the peripheral vasoconstriction. 4. The view that the diminution in the cutaneous blood flow in anemia is a necessary compensatory arrangement for increasing the flow through the lungs affords a natural explanation of the beneficial effect in many cutaneous disorders of general measures, especially those aimed at improving the quality of the blood. 5. In a case of bradycardia with a pulse rate permanently below 40 during rest in a sitting position, the hand flow was normal.
The effect of sagittal rotation of the glenoid on axial glenoid width and glenoid version in computed tomography scan imaging.

Background Computed tomography (CT) scans of the shoulder are often not well aligned to the axis of the scapula and glenoid. The purpose of this paper was to determine the effect of sagittal rotation of the glenoid on axial measurements of anterior-posterior (AP) glenoid width and glenoid version attained by standard CT scan. In addition, we sought to define the angle of rotation required to correct the CT scan to optimal positioning. Methods A total of 30 CT scans of the shoulder were reformatted using OsiriX software multiplanar reconstruction. The uncorrected (UNCORR) and corrected (CORR) CT scans were compared for measurements of both (1) axial AP glenoid width and (2) glenoid version at 5 standardized axial cuts. Results The mean difference in glenoid version was 2.6% (2° ± 0.1°; P = .0222) and the mean difference in AP glenoid width was 5.2% (1.2 ± 0.42 mm; P = .0026) in comparing the CORR and UNCORR scans. The mean angle of correction required to align the sagittal plane was 20.1° of rotation (range, 9°-39°; standard error of mean, 1.2°). Conclusion These findings demonstrate that UNCORR CT scans of the glenohumeral joint do not correct for the sagittal rotation of the glenoid, and this affects the characteristics of the axial images. Failure to align the sagittal image to the 12-o'clock to 6-o'clock axis results in measurement error in both glenoid version and AP glenoid width. Use of UNCORR CT images may have notable implications for decision-making and surgical treatment.
Application of the LMS adaptive filter to improve speech communication in the presence of noise

A major complaint of individuals with normal hearing and hearing impairment is a reduced ability to understand speech in a noisy environment. An adaptive LMS filter was employed to process speech in signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) varying from -8 to +12 dB. The filter configuration is commonly called noise cancellation. Intelligibility measures were obtained on normal and hearing impaired individuals using CID-W22 word lists. For the normal subjects mean intelligibility scores unprocessed were near zero for the S/N ratios -8, -4, and 0 dB and increased from 30 to 50% for the same S/N ratios when processed. For S/N ratios of +4 through +12, mean intelligibility scores prior to filtering ranged from 24 to 46%; after filtering, the scores improved from 67 to 75% i.e., within 7% of the nolse-free sound-field recordings. Preliminary data for the hearing impaired showed the same pattern with their improvement also approaching the scores obtained with no noise present in the sound field.
Improving CCD quantum efficiency

The enhancement of the quantum efficiency of charge-coupled devices (CCDs) can be accomplished by several methods. The most dramatic increase comes from thinning the CCD for use in the back illuminated mode. Techniques to improve the QE of back illuminated CCDs include the deposition of backside thin film coatings to reduce reflection losses, surface charging to eliminate the backside potential well, and several aspects of device packaging. We have developed processes in these areas which have led to the post-manufacture optimization of devices for astronomical observations. WE describe our backside oxidation results and the interaction of the oxide with backside charging, the effect of ion absorption on backside charging, the development of one and two-layer antireflection coatings, and a new packaging method to improve near-infrared quantum efficiency.
Atomic force microscope for accurate dimensional metrology

Abstract Our prototype atomic force microscope (AFM) uses a piezoelectric tube to scan a probe tip over a sample surface, while a PC-based digital controller maintains a constant tip–sample separation based on feedback from a quartz tuning fork proximity sensor. We have successfully run the AFM in both the shear and tapping modes, using optical fibers as probe tips. The AFM utilizes a set of capacitance sensors with a spherical target for direct measurement of probe tip displacements. We have used this system to image localized surface topography of a square wave silicon calibration grating with localized step height accuracy of 1 nm in the vertical direction and vertical RMS noise less than 4 nm. The lateral accuracy is on the order of 100 nm, and our largest lateral measurement scans have been performed on 20 μ m × 20 μ m regions with step heights of 26.5 nm and a modest scan speed of 0.8 μ m / s .
Misspecification and the inherent randomness of the model are at the heart of the Brodie and de Kluyver enigma

Abstract This comment provides an explanation of why econometric market share models with explanatory variables do not always dominate ‘naive’ models that simply predict that future share will equal current share. The empirical evidence cited by Brodie and de Kluyver and others is used as a framework to illustrate how short-term forecasts suffer from (1) misspecification and (2) variance, while long-term forecasts of market share are biased.
Expanded School Mental Health: Challenges and Opportunities in an Emerging Field

Reviews the need for and development of expanded school mental health (ESMH) programs, which provide a continuum of mental health promotion and intervention through school–community partnerships. Since ESMH is a relatively new, but increasingly prominent field, countless issues are being addressed in practice and research and in efforts to bridge practice and research. We review particular content and context dimensions of ESMH in need of development including quality assessment and improvement, empirically supported practice, improving assessment and outcome evaluation, involving educators in the work, understanding school environments, and tailoring programs through qualitative research. Summaries of articles that amplify these themes are provided.
Sedimentation of a Large Number of Particles as a Cluster in Air

IN an attempt to explain the distribution produced on the ground by the sedimentation of particles from an “instantaneous point source” under the influence of the wind, Davies1 assumed that the particles fell with their Stokes velocity and had no influence on the rate of fall of neighbouring particles. The complicating factors of the differing settling velocities, resulting from an extended range of particle sizes, and turbulent diffusion, from the influence of the wind, make it difficult to test this assumption under his experimental conditions. It would, however, be remarkable if particles did not affect each other when falling through air as a cluster, as they do in other fluids2.