cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
‘Popcorn thrombus’: a case of massive intracardiac thromboembolism

A 75-year-old man was urgently referred for evaluation of a syncopal episode accompanied by head trauma and lacerations. Chest CT angiography showed bilateral pulmonary emboli (PE) along with right atrial and ventricular filling defects (figure 1A–C). Lower extremity ultrasound showed bilateral deep venous thromboses. An echocardiogram demonstrated severe right ventricular dysfunction with extensive ‘popcorn thromboemboli’ in the right atrium prolapsing into the right ventricle during atrial systole (figure 1D-1, E-1). Thrombolytic therapy was contraindicated due to recent head trauma. Despite his concerning presentation, the patient initially declined surgical intervention. Figure 1 Chest CT angiography and transthoracic echocardiography contrasting findings on day 1 vs day 2. Chest CT angiography with intravenous contrast using pulmonary embolism protocol demonstrated extensive bilateral pulmonary emboli …
Calorimetric study of the stability of spinelloids in the system NiAl2O4-Ni2SiO4

Enthalpies of solution in molten 2 PbO · B2O3 at 974 K were measured for four spinelloids, phases I (0.75 NiAl2O4 · 0.25 Ni2SiO4), II (0.60 NiAl2O4 · 0.40 Ni2SiO4), III and IV (0.50 NiAl2O4 · 0.50 Ni2SiO4) in the system NiAl2O4 · Ni2SiO4. The enthalpies (in cal per 4-oxygen mol) of formation from NiAl2O4 and Ni2SiO4 spinels are: phase I, 945±366; phase II, 1072±360; phase III, 2253±390; phase IV, 3565±544. Using these enthalpy data in combination with phase relations at high pressure at 1373 K, positive entropies of formation of the spinelloids from NiAl2O4 and Ni2SiO4 spinels were estimated (in cal mol−1 K−1): phase I, 1.2; phase II, 1.5; phase III, 2.0–2.3; phase IV, 3.0–3.1. The thermochemical data obtained above suggest that the spinelloids are “entropy-stabilized” phases with partially disordered cation distributions. The configurational entropies of the spinelloids were calculated based on the observed cation distribution in each spinelloid phase. The positive entropies of formation of the spinelloids from the spinel endmembers are due primarily to the configurational entropies although small positive vibrational entropy changes may also exist.
Beyond IQ: A Triarchic Theory of Human Intelligence

Preface Part I. Introduction: 1. Conceptions of intelligence Part II. The Triarchic Theory: subtheories: 2. The context of intelligence 3. Experience and intelligence 4. Components of intelligence Part III. The Triarchic Theory: tests: 5. Fluid abilities: inductive reasoning 6. Fluid abilities: deductive reasoning 7. Crystallised intelligence: acquisition of verbal comprehension 8. Crystallised intelligence: theory of information processing in real-time verbal comprehension 9. Social and practical intelligence Part IV. The Triarchic Theory: some implications: 10. Exceptional intelligence 11. Implications of the triarchic theory for intelligence testing Part V. Concluding Remarks: 12. Integration and implications 13. Integration and implications Methodological Appendix: Testing componential models via componential analysis References Indexes.
CYTOPLASMIC GRANULE FORMATION IN MYELOCYTES : An Electron Microscope Radioautographic Study on the Mechanism of Formation of Cytoplasmic Granules in Rabbit Heterophilic Myelocytes

The intracellular flow of tritiated lysine as revealed by electron microscope radioautography was studied in heterophilic myelocytes of rabbit marrow. Label over the Golgi complex rose to a maximum of 37% of total cytoplasmic grains 30 min after initial exposure to the tracer and fell to 11% after 3 to 4 hr of incubation. Coincident with decrease in label over the Golgi complex, grain counts over granules rose to 32% after 3 to 4 hr. The time sequence of incorporation and flow of tritiated lysine and the per cent distribution of label was similar in bone marrow myelocytes under in vivo and in vitro conditions. The results demonstrate a function of the Golgi complex in incorporating or packaging certain basic amino acids or proteins into cytoplasmic granules of heterophilic myelocytes.
Splicing in abstract families of languages

We show that the iterated splicing operation determined by a regular H scheme (with some necessary restrictions) preserves membership in any full abstract family of languages. This involves translation of an H scheme into two alternative forms. The first form, which is closely related to the underlying biochemical operations, uses cutting and pasting rather than splicing. The second form uses matrices of languages, and in this formulation the splicing operation is translated into standard formal language operations (concatenation and quotient). Moreover, in the matrix formulation the splicing language itself may be expressed in terms of standard formal language operations, and this provides an algorithm for calculating the splicing language. As an application we use the cutting and pasting approach to extend the closure result to circular strings.
Real-time imaging of semiconductor space-charge regions using high-spatial resolution evanescent microwave microscope

A high-resolution evanescent microwave probe (EMP) was used to detect and image depletion regions in solar cell p-n junctions in real time. The EMP uses a microwave resonator operating around 10 GHz that is coupled to a thin wire probe. Unable to travel beyond the waveguide discontinuity, the microwave fields set up evanescent fields in the tip’s vicinity. When coupled to an object nearby, these evanescent fields are modified and change the resonant characteristics of the resonator. The microwave conductivity of the nearby object affects the extent of the modification of the probe’s output which is monitored as the probe is scanned over the object. Using these EMP scans, steady-state and transient expansions/contractions of the p-n junction’s depletion region under dc and pulsed reverse/forward biases are mapped. These experimental data along with the conductivity calibration of the EMP were then used to quantitatively calculate doping concentrations, diffusion lengths, and carrier recombination lifetimes...
Oxyanion sorption and surface anion exchange by surfactant-modified clay minerals

In this study the sorption of nitrate (NO{sub 2}{sup {minus}}) and chromate (CrO{sub 4}{sup 2{minus}}) from aqueous solution by surfactant-modified clay minerals was investigated. Both the sorption and desorption of oxyanions were found to follow a Langmuir sorption isotherm. In general, the sorption affinity is higher for chromate than for nitrate, reflecting that the interaction between the divalent anions and the surfactant bilayer is stronger than that between the monovalent anions and the surfactant bilayer. Surfactant-modified kaolinite has a higher sorption capacity for chromate. The sorption capacities for chromate and nitrate are equal for surfactant-modified illite while the sorption capacity for nitrate is higher for surfactant-modified smectite. Desorption by water revealed that chromate sorption was irreversible, while nitrate sorption was slightly reversible. In a mixed solution system, nitrate and chromate compete for the same sorption sites, resulting in a decrease in sorption capacity for each anion. Stoichiometric counterion desorption due to chromate and/or nitrate sorption further confirms that sorption of oxyanions by surfactant-modified clay minerals was due to surface anion exchange. The selectivity coefficients were higher for chromate to replace bromide than for nitrate to replace bromide for surfactant-modified kaolinite, but lower when surfactant-modified illite and smectite were the anionmore » exchangers. The results indicate that surfactant-modified clay minerals are effective sorbents to remove anionic contaminants from water. However, the types of clay minerals should be correctly selected to maximize the contaminant removal efficiency.« less
Arterial Wall Enhancement Overlying Carotid Plaque on CT Angiography Correlates With Symptoms in Patients With High Grade Stenosis

Background and Purpose— The degree of internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis is an established primary risk factor for embolic stroke. Recent publications suggest that inflammatory features may also play an important role. Our purpose was to correlate acute neurological symptoms with either carotid artery wall enhancement or plaque calcification, on axial CT angiographic source images (CTA-SI) of patients with severe (≥70%) ICA stenosis. Methods— 75 consecutive patients with ≥70% ICA stenosis on CTA-SI were identified. Each case was classified as symptomatic (n=37) or asymptomatic (n=38), and as having either calcified or noncalcified plaque. The latter group was stratified into those with versus without arterial wall enhancement, measured in absolute and relative Hounsfield Units (HU). Results— Calcified plaque was present in 39% (15/38) of the symptomatic patients and in 62% (23/37) of the asymptomatic patients (P=0.065). Of the 37 patients without calcified plaque, carotid wall enhancement was observed...
Theoretical and Experimental Investigations on the Mechanism of Carbothermal Reduction of Zirconia (Preprint)

Abstract Zirconium carbide (ZrC) is an important ultra-high temperature ceramic due to its refractory properties. It is commonly synthesized via carbothermal reduction of zirconia above 1657 °C according to the reaction ZrO 2 (s)+3C (s)→ZrC (s)+2CO (g). Contrary to this reaction, prior research indicates that carbon monoxide (CO) is the responsible species for carburizing ZrO 2 to form ZrC. To explore this reaction pathway, investigations were performed by making two mixed phase pellets with 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and graphite. Both had an upper half made of YSZ. The lower half of one sample consisted of finely mixed YSZ and graphite powder whereas the other was pure graphite. Similar experiments were conducted with sintered YSZ pellets on top. After heat treatment at 1800 °C, X-ray diffraction analysis revealed higher ZrC conversion for the YSZ pellet face in direct contact with pure graphite. This contradicts the previous work as one would assume higher ZrC yield for YSZ pellet in direct contact with YSZ/graphite mix as they produce more CO upon reaction. Lastly, diffusional experiments showed conversion to be highly localized to a depth of ∼25 μm. This is in close agreement with calculations for carbon diffusion in YSZ based on a diffusion coefficient ( D )=3×10 −14 m 2 /s, which confirms solid–solid reaction rather than solid–gas reaction.
Kant’s Two Perspectives on the Theological Task

Proponents of ‘the poetic hypothesis» in Kant interpretation assume that the third Critique provides the necessary and sufficient conditions for understanding the nature of all theological discourse. This article opens with the assumption – taken from one of Kant’s last works – that philosophy and theology must always remain in conflict. Then, by way of an abductive comparison of Gordon Kaufman and Adina Davidovich, I demonstrate that the poetic hypothesis leads to religious compromises that contradict this assumption. To conclude, I argue for an understanding of the motif of holism that is better able to uphold Kant’s notion of conflict.
Phase-shift focus monitor applications to lithography tool control

Through the use of phase shift techniques, focus errors have been demonstrated to result in easily measurable overlay shifts in printed resist patterns. Using box-in-box with phase shifter design, patterns are printed on wafers and measured on standard overlay equipment. Results are compared to more conventional methods of focus detection. Details include measurement and calibration methodology, focus, and focus tilt results. Additionally, SPC in IBM's ASTC Fab is demonstrated with the Phase Shift Focus Monitor.
Preliminary Examination and Measurement of the Internship Research Training Environment.

Consistent with C. J. Gelso's (1979, 1993, 1997) research training environment theory, the authors hypothesized that research training environments exist in predoctoral internships. The Internship Research Training Environment Scale (IRTES) was developed to assess research training environments found in predoctoral psychology internships. Preliminary reliability and validity data are reported for scores on the IRTES using a sample of 84 former counseling center interns. Factor analysis of the final 23-item scale indicated a 4-factor solution accounting for 65% of the variance with distinct, but related factors. Internal consistency estimates were moderate to high. Hypothesized relationships with other variables were examined and also provide initial support for construct and predictive validity. Implications for theory, training, and future research are discussed.
Tectonic controls on magma genesis and evolution in the northwestern United States

Abstract Field, chronologic, chemical, and isotopic data for late Cenozoic basaltic rocks from the northwestern United States illustrate the relationship between crustal structure and tectonic forces in controlling the genesis and evolution of continental volcanism. In the northwestern U.S., the first major episode of basaltic volcanism was triggered by crustal rifting in a “back-arc” environment, east of the westward-migrating volcanic arc created by the subduction of the Juan-de-Fuca plate beneath the North American plate. Rifting and volcanism were concentrated by pre-existing zones of crustal weakness associated with boundaries between the old Archean core of the continent and newly accreted terranes. Basalts erupted during this time (Columbia River, Steens Mountain) show evidence of significant fractionation histories including contamination by crust of varying age depending on the crustal structure at the eruption site. Presumably this reflects ponding and stagnation of primary magmas in the crust or at the crust-mantle interface due to their encounter with thick crust, not yet extended and still containing its low-density, easily fusible component. Continued rifting of this crust, and modification of its composition through extraction of rhyolitic partial melts and deposition of the fractionation products from primary basaltic melts, coupled with a shift in stress orientation roughly 10.5 Ma ago, allowed relatively unfractionated and uncontaminated magmas to begin reaching the surface. In the western part of the region (Oregon Plateau), these magmas tapped a mantle source similar to that which produced most of the ocean island basalts of the northern hemisphere. To the east (Snake River Plain), however, the mantle sampled by basaltic volcanism has isotopic characteristics suggesting it has preserved a record of incompatible element enrichment processes associated with the formation of the overlying Archean crustal section some 2.6 Ga ago.
Duodenal hematoma in infancy and childhood

Abstract Although early operation in all patients with a symptomatic duodenal hematoma has been advocated, it is our experience that some of these patients can be treated successfully with nonoperative measures if an accurate diagnosis is made and provided the patient has no significant active bleeding or an associated injury requiring abdominal exploration. Duodenal obstruction due to hematoma can spontaneously resolve while the patient is under non-operative supportive management. The proper course of action should be individualized in these cases. Criteria for nonoperative treatment are: clinical, laboratory, and radiographic evidence that there are no associated injuries; no excessive or continuous blood loss; and subsidence of obstruction within 7 to 10 days.
Information theory and the optimization of Monte Carlo simulations

Abstract We develop a convenient, quantitative measure of the sampling efficiency of equilibrium Monte Carlo algorithms. This measure, based on information theoretic methods, is optimized by indenpendent random sampling. We illustrate present developments with selected numerical examples.
Utility of the prehospital electrocardiogram in diagnosing acute coronary syndromes : The Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention (MITI) Project

Abstract Objectives. We sought to determine whether the prehospital electrocardiogram (ECG) improves the diagnosis of an acute coronary syndrome. Background. The ECG is the most widely used screening test for evaluating patients with chest pain. Methods. Prehospital and in-hospital ECGs were obtained in 3,027 consecutive patients with symptoms of suspected acute myocardial infarction, 362 of whom were randomized to prehospital versus hospital thrombolysis and 2,665 of whom did not participate in the randomized trial. Prehospital and hospital records were abstracted for clinical characteristics and diagnostic outcome. Results. ST segment and T and Q wave abnormalities suggestive of myocardial ischemia or infarction were more common on both the prehospital and hospital ECGs of patients with as compared with those without acute coronary syndromes (p ≤ 0.00001). Those with prehospital thrombolysis were more likely to show resolution of ST segment elevation by the time of hospital admission (14% vs. 5% in patients treated in the hospital, p = 0.004). In patients not considered for prehospital thrombolysis, both persistent and transient ST segment and T or Q wave abnormalities discriminated those with from those without acute coronary ischemia or infarction. Compared with ST segment elevation on a single ECG, added consideration of dynamic changes in ST segment elevation between serial ECGs improved the sensitivity for an acute coronary syndrome from 34% to 46% and reduced specificity from 96% to 93% (both p Conclusions. ECG abnormalities are an early manifestation of acute coronary syndromes and can be identified by the prehospital ECG. Compared with a single ECG, the additional effect of evolving ST segment, T or Q waves or LBBB between serially obtained prehospital and hospital ECGs enhanced the diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes, but with a fall in specificity.
Computer Exploration in Graham County, Kansas: ABSTRACT

Oil production in Graham County, Kansas, is from the sands and carbonates of the Lansing-Kansas City Groups (Upper Pennsylvanian). End_Page 1326------------------------------ Accumulation generally is considered to be controlled by structure. However, the oil-to-structure relationship is difficult to discern in the original structure contour maps. Evaluation of the geologic maps can be aided by the application of computer enhancement techniques that display the component structures without the distorting effect of regional trends and conflicting small-scale features. A variety of computer techniques display potential prospects, and statistical tests are necessary to determine the optimum enhancement technique for each area. Spatial filtering of the Graham County maps indicates there is better than a 98% probability that the oil is pooled structurally and that the optimum filter displays features with untested locations that have a better than 40% chance of success. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1327------------
Synthesis of Tetranuclear Mixed-Metal Clusters via the Reaction of Co(CO)4- with Closed Metal Carbonyl Trimers. Crystal and Molecular Structure of (Ph3P)2NCoRu3(CO)13.

Abstract : The new clusters HCoRu3 (CO)13, HCoRu2Os(CO)13, HCoRuOs2(CO)13, and HCoOs3(CO)13 have been synthesized by allowing K(Co(CO)4) to react with Ru3(CO)12, Ru2Os(CO)12, RuOs2(CO)12, and Os3(CO)12, respectively, followed by protonation. Reaction of KCo(CO)4 with Fe3(CO)12, Fe2Ru(CO)12, and FeRu2(CO)12 followed by acidification did not lead to the desired hydrido mixed-metal clusters but instead to various other products. Reaction of (PPN) (Co(CO)4) (PPN= (Ph3P)2N) with Fe3(CO)12 and Ru3(CO)12 without subsequent acidification gave the salts (PPN) (CoFe3(CO)13) and (PPN) (CoRu3(CO)13). The latter was structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray. It crystallizes in the space group P1 with Z= 2 and unit cell dimensions a = 9.783(5) Angstrons, b = 14.768(5) Angstrons, c = 18.675(5) Angstons, Alpha = 110.39(3) deg, Beta = 99.02(4) deg, Gamma = 91.44(4) deg, and V = 2489(4) Angstrons 3. Diffraction data (0 deg 20 50 deg) were collectedwith an Enraf-Nonius CAD4 automated diffractometer, using graphite-monochromat ized MoK Alpha radiation, and the structure was refined to R = 0.036 and RW = 0.044 for 6150 independent reflections with I greater than or equal to 3.0 sigma (I). The molecule contains a tetrahedral CoRu3 core with each Ru atom bonded to three terminal carbonyls, the Co atom bonded to one terminal carbonyl, and with a carbonyl ligand bridging each of the three Co-Ru bonds. Analogous reactions of (PPN) (Co(CO)4) with Fe2Ru(CO)12 and FeRu2(CO)12 gave products formulated as (PPN) (CoFe2Ru(CO)13) and (PPN) (CoFeRu2(CO)13) but these salts were not obtained pure. (Author)
Finding the optimum Al–Ti alloy composition for use as an ohmic contact to p-type SiC

Abstract Alloys of aluminum and titanium have been successfully used to form low resistance ohmic contacts to p-type SiC. While the 90 wt.% Al alloy has been studied extensively, the literature does not reveal any work which indicates whether the 90/10 or any other alloy composition is the best alloy for use as an ohmic contact material to p-SiC. This work systematically looks at four different Al–Ti alloy compositions in an attempt to decide which alloy if any is superior as an ohmic contact material. The alloy compositions that were studied were chosen by examining the binary Al–Ti phase diagram and choosing specific phases prior to reaction with the SiC. It will be shown that only alloys which have some amount of a liquid phase present at the anneal temperature will form an ohmic contact to p-type SiC.
Personality change in later adulthood is predicted by defense mechanism use in early adulthood

Evidence for both stability and change in Big 5 personality traits was found for both men and women over a 24 year time period. The use of the defense mechanisms of denial, projection, and identification at early adulthood was found to be related to early adult personality traits, and to predict change in personality traits in middle adulthood and late middle age. Significantly, the importance of defense mechanisms for predicting personality change increased with age, while the importance of IQ decreased. The use of the immature defenses of denial and projection predicted increased Neuroticism, decreased Extraversion, and decreased Agreeableness. However, in interaction with IQ, defense mechanisms were found to have a compensatory effect, in that low IQ in combination with strong defense use predicted a more favorable personality outcome.
Attribution Theory: A leadership Theory for Leaders

Probably more has been written and less known about leadership than any other topic in the behavioral sciences.
Catastrophic events reveal the dynamic nature of salt-marsh vegetation in Southern California

Recent hydrological disturbances, including flooding, dry-season streamflow, and drought, greatly altered coastal wetland habitats in sourthern California. At Tijuana Estuary, a six-year study of salt-marsh vegetation patterns during these rare conditions documented substantial temporal variability in plant growth and distribution. Important to cordgrass (Spartina foliosa Trin.) dynamics were the amount and timing of streamflows, which reduced soil salinity and alleviated stresses on plant growth. Poorest growing conditions occurred in 1984 when both river and tidal flows were lacking; soils had low moisture and extreme salinities (avg.=104‰ in September). Plant stress was documented in 1984 as high mortality (62% fewer stems than in 1983) and reduced height (19% less than in 1983). Cordgrass height was greatest in 1980 following winter flooding (20% increase over 1979); densities were greatest in 1983 with summer freshwater influxes (60% increase over 1982). A carbon allocation model is proposed to explain the varied responses.
Prediction and In Vitro Evaluation of Selected Protease Inhibitor Antiviral Drugs as Inhibitors of Carboxylesterase 1: A Potential Source of Drug-Drug Interactions

To predict and determine whether the protease inhibitors (PIs) nelfinavir, amprenavir, atazanavir, ritonavir, and saquinavir could serve as metabolic inhibitors of the human CES1 (hCES1) using both molecular modeling techniques and in vitro inhibition assays. Initially, a molecular modeling approach was utilized to predict whether the selected PIs could serve as hCES1 inhibitors. The inhibitory effects of these PIs on hCES1 activity were then further evaluated utilizing previously established in vitro assay. Pharmacophore and 2D-QSAR modeling predicted that nelfinavir would serve as a potent hCES1 inhibitor. This hypothesis was validated by in vitro hCES1 inhibition studies. Other PIs (amprenavir, atazanavir, ritonavir, saquinavir) were evaluated and also shown to be hCES1 inhibitors in vitro, although substantially less potent relative to nelfinavir. Computational molecular modeling is a valid approach to identify potential hCES1 inhibitors as candidates for further assessment using validated in vitro techniques. DDIs could occur when nelfinavir is co-administered with drugs metabolized by hCES1.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in a 7‐year‐old obese boy: coincidence or comorbidity?

Summary Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may develop from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) either in the presence or in the absence of established cirrhosis. Non-cirrhotic patients with NAFLD-related HCC are usually adult, male and obese. However, this association has not been reported yet in younger age groups. Objectives In the present study, the clinical case of a 7-yaer-old obese boy with steatosis and HCC is presented. Methods A 7-year-old boy, with no evidence of chronic liver disease, was admitted for assessment of a liver mass. Preliminary assessment was suggestive of a combined and severe liver steatosis together with a malignant disease. Results A biopsy confirmed the suspected diagnosis of HCC; interestingly, the non-neoplastic liver was surrounded and characterized by the presence of steatosis and ballooning, and being absent of lobular inflammation and fibrosis. Chemotherapy and diet changes were conducted successfully with ultrasound characteristics suggesting improvements on both aspects: conventional liver mass resection could take place. Conclusions This case report suggests that HCC might develop in paediatric age patients with obesity-related NAFLD, even in the absence of fibrosis.
The Fire From Within The Biggest Ca2+ Channel Erupts and Dribbles

See related article, pages 1314–1322 The multifunctional Ca2+ and calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a serine threonine kinase that is abundant in heart where it phosphorylates Ca2+i homeostatic proteins. It seems likely that CaMKII plays an important role in cardiac physiology because these target proteins significantly overlap with the more extensively studied serine threonine kinase, protein kinase A (PKA), which is a key arbiter of catecholamine responses in heart. However, the physiological functions of CaMKII remain poorly understood, whereas the potential role of CaMKII in signaling myocardial dysfunction and arrhythmias has become an area of intense focus. CaMKII activity and expression are upregulated in failing human hearts and in many animal models of structural heart disease.1 CaMKII inhibitory drugs can prevent cardiac arrhythmias2,3 and suppress afterdepolarizations4 that are a probable proximate focal cause of arrhythmias in heart failure. CaMKII inhibition in mice reduces left ventricular dilation and prevents disordered intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+i) homeostasis after myocardial infarction.5 CaMKII overexpression in mouse heart causes severe cardiac hypertrophy, dysfunction, and sudden death that is heralded by increased SR Ca2+ leak6; these findings go a long way to making a case for CaMKII as a causative signal in heart disease and arrhythmias but do not identify critical molecular targets or test the potential role of CaMKII in a large non-rodent animal model. The work by Ai et al in this issue of Circulation Research makes an important contribution by demonstrating CaMKII upregulation causes increased Ca2+ leak from ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca2+ release channels in a clinically-relevant model of structural heart disease.7 Ca2+i release controls cardiac contraction, and most of the Ca2+i for contraction is released from the intracellular sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) …
Murine Recombinant lnterleukin-12 Increases the Acquisition of Allergic Contact Dermatitis in the Mouse

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric cytokine tha thas pleiotropic effects on the immune response. We have studied the effect of recombinant IL-12 on allergic contact dermatitis in the mouse. IL-
Juggle: proactive load balancing on multicore computers

We investigate proactive dynamic load balancing on multicore systems, in which threads are continually migrated to reduce the impact of processor/thread mismatches to enhance the flexibility of the SPMD-style programming model, and enable SPMD applications to run efficiently in multiprogrammed environments. We present Juggle, a practical decentralized, user-space implementation of a proactive load balancer that emphasizes portability and usability. Juggle shows performance improvements of up to 80% over static balancing for UPC, OpenMP, and pthreads benchmarks. We analyze the impact of Juggle on parallel applications and derive lower bounds and approximations for thread completion times. We show that results from Juggle closely match theoretical predictions across a variety of architectures, including NUMA and hyper-threaded systems. We also show that Juggle is effective in multiprogrammed environments with unpredictable interference from unrelated external applications.
Diabetes 1.5: Ketone-Prone Diabetes

Ketone-prone diabetes (KPD) is considered one of the atypical diabetes syndromes because its presentation can lead to misdiagnosis of the type of diabetes. Patients with KPD present in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), but once the DKA resolves, some patients can discontinue insulin and maintain adequate glycemic control with oral agents (1). Here, we present the case of a patient who was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes because of recurrent DKA. KPD was suspected because of his high insulin requirements and signs of insulin resistance. He was transitioned from insulin to a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist and attained ideal glycemic control. D.H., a 23-year-old man, was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in October 2013, when he presented to the hospital in DKA. He required 125 units of insulin glargine daily and 41 units of insulin lispro three times daily with meals to achieve glycemic control. In the subsequent months, he had recurrent episodes of DKA while taking the prescribed amounts of insulin. His physical examination was remarkable for a BMI of 39.1 kg/m2 and the presence of acanthosis nigricans on the neck (Figure 1) and in the axilla bilaterally. Laboratory studies revealed a glucose level of 336 mg/dL, bicarbonate of 8.4 mmol/L, ketones in urine, and an anion gap of …
NMR quantitation: influence of RF inhomogeneity

The NMR peak integral is ideally linearly dependent on the sine of excitation angle (θ), which has provided unsurpassed flexibility in quantitative NMR by allowing the use of a signal of any concentration as the internal concentration reference. Controlling the excitation angle is particularly critical for solvent proton concentration referencing to minimize the negative impact of radiation damping, and to reduce the risk of receiver gain compression. In practice, due to the influence of RF inhomogeneity for any given probe, the observed peak integral is not exactly proportional to sin θ. To evaluate the impact quantitatively, we introduce a RF inhomogeneity factor I(θ) as a function of the nominal pulse excitation angle and propose a simple calibration procedure. Alternatively, I(θ) can be calculated from the probe's RF profile, which can be readily obtained as a gradient image of an aqueous sample. Our results show that without consideration of I(θ), even for a probe with good RF homogeneity, up to 5% error can be introduced due to different excitation pulse angles used for the analyte and the reference. Hence, a simple calibration of I(θ) can eliminate such errors and allow an accurate description of the observed NMR signal's dependence on the excitation angle in quantitative analysis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Native American Transit: Current Practices, Needs, and Barriers

For years, a lack of transportation options has held Native Americans captive. Without access to services and employment, this subset of the population has a history of high unemployment, poor health, and a lack of education. Public transit is viewed as a way to address this mobility challenge; however, many barriers to the provision of tribal transit exist. This paper examines the current state of transit on reservations through historical and environmental contexts, discusses the necessity of transit for Native Americans, examines case studies, and describes funding and legislative frameworks with the goal of presenting ideas on how Native Americans might overcome the barriers to transit provision.
Inertial effects on fibre motion in simple shear flow

The motion of a torque-free slender axisymmetric fibre in simple shear flow is examined theoretically for small but finite coefficient related to the Jeffery period of the rotating fibre.
Photo Quiz: A 38-Year-Old Man with Uveitis, Cholestasis, and Rash

A 38-year-old previously healthy male with a 6-month outpatient history of progressive bilateral visual loss, diagnosed as uveitis, presented with severe jaundice and macular rash. The rashes were diffusely distributed over the trunk and extremities, involving the palms and soles. Laboratory studies
A user interface design for cataloging and identifying reusable software modules: a semantic network approach

A knowledge representation technique for cataloging software modules is described. The software catalog is a multilevel schema that classifies modules according to function, date usage, and application users. A semantic network is used to encode the catalog and also serves as the basis for an interface design for perusing the contents of the catalog. By opening a window on the catalog, encoded knowledge is viewed and can be searched by following the arcs that interrelate software modules, data elements, and users. The catalog is intended to serve as a tool for systems analysts to identify potentially reusable data structures and programming modules at the requirements-analysis stage in developing a novel information system. >
Readmissions for warfarin-related bleeding in pediatric patients after hospital discharge.

Background Warfarin therapy in pediatric patients can be difficult to manage with bleeding as a primary adverse event. Therapy initiation can be difficult as doses to achieve therapeutic outcomes are being determined. Evaluation of readmission for bleeding in pediatric patients discharged on warfarin therapy may be useful to prevent adverse events. Methods The Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) was queried to identify all patients <19 years of age who were discharged from a pediatric hospital on warfarin therapy. Patients who were readmitted with bleeding in the first 30 days after discharge were identified and patient variables, hospital stay variables, and medications at discharge were identified. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for bleeding readmission. Results A total of 4,883 patients met study criteria (56% male, mean age 10.1 + 5.9 years). The two most common indications for warfarin therapy were cardiac valve replacement (23.6%) and Fontan procedure (19.5%). Ninety-seven patients (1.99%) were readmitted with bleeding within 30 days of discharge [median time 9 days (IQR 5–16 days)]. Multivariate analysis identified Asian race (OR 4.0, P < 0.01); mitral valve replacement (OR 2.5, P < 0.01); escitalopram at discharge (OR 4.2, P = 0.02); levofloxacin at discharge (OR 8.3, P < 0.01); lansoprazole at discharge (OR 1.7, P = 0.047); and length of stay (OR 1.01, P = 0.047) as significant for bleeding readmission. Conclusion Pediatric patients discharged on warfarin may be readmitted for bleeding within 30 days if risk factors are present. Risk factors include patient genetic profile, drug interactions, and indications with higher goal INR values. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;160:1503–1506. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Yield learning via functional test data

This paper presents a methodology to estimate the defect Pareto in an IC process through the use of production functional test data. This Pareto can then be used for yield improvement activities. We demonstrate the concept on several benchmark circuits. We show how limited IDDQ current testing can significantly improve the Pareto accuracy.
Prospective outcomes evaluation after decompression with or without instrumented fusion for lumbar stenosis and degenerative Grade I spondylolisthesis.

Object. There is considerable debate among spine surgeons regarding whether fusion should be used to augment decompressive surgery in patients with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis involving Grade I degenerative spondylolisthesis. The authors prospectively evaluated the outcomes of patients treated between 2000 and 2002 at two institutions to determine whether fusion improves functional outcome 1 year after surgery. Methods. Patients ranged in age from 50 to 81 years. They presented with degenerative Grade I (3- to 14-mm) spondylolisthesis and lumbar stenosis without gross instability (, 3 mm of motion at the level of subluxation). Those in whom previous surgery had been performed at the level of subluxation were excluded. Each patient completed Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Short Form‐36 (SF-36) questionnaires preoperatively and at 6 to 12 months postoperatively. Some patients underwent decompression alone (20 cases), whereas others underwent decompression and posterolateral instrumentation-assisted fusion (14 cases), at the treating surgeon’s discretion. Baseline demographic data, radiographic features, and ODI and SF-36 scores were similar in both groups. The 1-year fusion rate was 93%. Both forms of surgery independently improved outcome compared with baseline status, based on ODI and SF-36 physical component summary (PCS) results (p , 0.001). Decompression combined with fusion led to an improvement in ODI scores of 27.5 points, whereas decompression alone was associated with a 13.6-point increase (p = 0.02). Analysis of the SF-36 PCS data also demonstrated a significant intergroup difference (p = 0.003). Conclusions. Surgery substantially improved 1-year outcomes based on established outcomes instruments in patients with Grade I spondylolisthesis and stenosis. Fusion was associated with greater functional improvement.
Interconnect yield model for manufacturability prediction in synthesis of standard cell based designs

A sound IC design methodology must be supported by adequate manufacturability assessment tools. These tools should assist a designer in predicting IC manufacturing cost in as early a design stage as possible. In this paper a yield model is proposed that takes as input a standard cell netlist and produces as output a yield estimate without performing placement and routing. This yield model has been successfully used to predict the interconnect yield of standard cell designs that were implemented with two place and route tools. The proposed yield model can be used as a crucial component in the objective function of a circuit synthesis tool as well as in technology mapping optimization.
CD40 Ligand (CD154) Enhances the Th1 and Antibody Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the BALB/c Mouse

CD40 ligand (CD40L) is a cell surface costimulatory molecule expressed mainly by activated T cells. CD40L is critically important for T-B cell and T cell-dendritic cell interactions. CD40L expression promotes Th1 cytokine responses to protein Ags and is responsible for Ig isotype switching in B cells. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important pathogen of young children and the elderly, which causes bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Studies of mice infected with RSV suggest that a Th2 cytokine response may be responsible for enhanced pulmonary disease. To investigate the effect CD40L has on RSV immunity, mice were infected simultaneously with RSV and either an empty control adenovirus vector or one expressing CD40L or were coimmunized with plasmid DNA vectors expressing CD40L and RSV F and/or G proteins and subsequently challenged with RSV. The kinetics of the intracellular and secreted cytokine responses, the cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor frequency, NO levels in lung lavage, rates of virus clearance, and anti-RSV Ab titers were determined. These studies show that coincident expression of CD40L enhances the Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) cytokine responses, increases the expression of TNF-alpha and NO, accelerates virus clearance, and increases the anti-F and anti-G Ab responses. These data suggest that CD40L may have the adjuvant properties needed to optimize the safety and efficacy of RSV vaccines.
Restriction enzyme–generated siRNA (REGS) vectors and libraries

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology facilitates the study of loss of gene function in mammalian cells and animal models, but generating multiple siRNA vectors using oligonucleotides is slow, inefficient and costly. Here we describe a new, enzyme-mediated method for generating numerous functional siRNA constructs from any gene of interest or pool of genes. To test our restriction enzyme–generated siRNA (REGS) system, we silenced a transgene and two endogenous genes and obtained the predicted phenotypes. REGS generated on average 34 unique siRNAs per kilobase of sequence. REGS enabled us to create enzymatically a complex siRNA library (>4 × 105 clones) from double-stranded cDNA encompassing known and unknown genes with 96% of the clones containing inserts of the appropriate size.
Prestorage leukoreduction moderates transfusion-induced pancreatic cancer progression in a murine model

INTRODUCTION: White blood cells (WBCs) and platelets in packed red blood cells (pRBCs) release immunomodulating substances during storage, which may be decreased by pre-storage leukoreduction (PSL). Clinical studies in cancer patients have not demonstrated a benefit of PSL. We hypothesize intravenous (IV) administration of plasma from non-leukoreduced (NLR) vs. leukoreduced (LR) blood will cause differential pancreatic tumor progression in mice. METHODS: Acellular plasma was removed from both LR and NLR aliquots of a single unit of human pRBCs at day 1 (D.1) and day 42 (D.42) of storage. Mice with established pancreatic tumors underwent a sham operation along with IV injection of D.1 LR/NLR, D.42 LR/NLR plasma, or saline. Mice were sacrificed 14 days later.
Effects of Hypnosis on State Anxiety and Stress in Male and Female Intercollegiate Athletes

Male (N=20) and female (N=23) athletes at the University of Utah were selected to determine the effects of hypnosis on state anxiety and stress during the performance of a pursuit rotor task. Experimental (N=22) and control (N=21) group subjects were administered the state-anxiety portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) following a pre-test which consisted of 15 trials of 30 seconds each on the pursuit rotor task while under stress. The stressor consisted of a previously prepared statement implying a false relationship between the subject’s ability to perform and overall athletic ability, as well as suggesting competition between subjects. Heart rate was recorded for each minute for the 25 minutes pre-test period.
Basic Scientific Research

Examines the way that scientific commons areused in today’s society, and postulatesthat open science is in danger ofbeing forgotten or denied.The theory proposed by many philosophers andsociologists is grounded in the idea that scientists should be motivated by thesearch for understanding, and any practical benefits that arise from theirresearch are unpredictable and should not be the driver for determining whatresearch to conduct. While this theory is correct in its belief that good science focuses on openscience, it is no longer realistic to believe that the practical benefits thatmight arise from research are not the focus of many of those conducting theresearch.In evaluating the role of science today, an understanding of thelink between it and technology must be reached. Argues that the ability to patent such scientific facts or principles asgenes or gene codes will serve to hinder open science, as these findings serveas building blocks to future research and should not be restricted.One ofthe key groups involved in the future of open science is universities.Inrecent years, there has been a shift toward the patenting of universityresearch.While this patenting may be beneficial in some respects, thoseuniversities that limit the availability of a development with a potentiallywide use serve to hinder rather than advance open science.(SRD)
Russian kotóryj, Czech který, Slovene katę´ri: Vowel Variation in the Reflexes of Proto-Slavic *koterъ(jь) ‘which (of the two)’

AbstractThe reconstruction of the Proto-Slavic parent lexeme for the set represented by Russian kotoryj, Czech který, Slovene kate´ri etc. (all ‘which’) is an old but under-investigated conundrum of Slavic historical morphology. The differences among the cognates cannot be explained through sound laws, and no satisfactory morphological explanation has been proposed thus far. This paper argues that, while the divergent shapes of the suffix (*-ter-, *-tor-, *-tr-) are rooted in isoglosses that must be explained against the background of Indo-European, the abnormal correspondences in the interrogative stem (*ko-, *ka-, *kъ-) are caused by a morphological innovation that occurred in the late Common Slavic period: namely, certain processes affecting the internally inflecting pronouns of the type *kъ-žьdo, *ka-žьdo ‘every’ enabled an innovative interpretation of the *ko-in Proto-Slavic *ko-terъ as inflectable. The change in question – a diachronic internalization of inflection – is a typologically interesting p...