cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teaching and Assessing Active Listening as a Foundational Skill for Lawyers as Leaders, Counselors, Negotiators, and Advocates

[enter Abstract Body]Our students will be more effective leaders, counselors, negotiators, and advocates as they deepen their ability to actively listen. As a professional and interpersonal skill linked closely with a lawyer’s success, our students’ ability to listen should demand our attention as legal educators. This attention is worth the effort because studies indicate active listening is not a static ability: we can teach students to be better listeners. But “active listening” is missing from most law schools’ learning outcomes or curricula, or it is only included as an undefined element of effective communication. Consequently, it is a critical lawyering skill that is routinely not being effectively, independently taught and assessed. This article introduces the Active Listening Milestone Rubric for Law Students, which is a stage-development or milestone model in competency-based education. The rubric includes four subcompetencies, which are defined using expertise drawn from listening experts and studies then explained in the context of the practice of law: 1) Active listeners assess and accurately allocate resources necessary to the conversation; 2) active listeners work to create a shared understanding with the speaker by considering both the speaker’s and the listener’s lenses and how they may differ; 3) active listeners work to increase shared understanding with the verbal and nonverbal cues; and 4) active listeners move to a response only after fully exploring and understanding the speaker’s meaning.
Expressive Communication: A Common Framework for Evaluating Developments in Generative Models and Steering Interfaces.

There is an increasing interest from ML and HCI communities in empowering creators with better generative models and more intuitive interfaces with which to control them. In music, ML researchers have focused on training models capable of generating pieces with increasing long-range structure and musical coherence, while HCI researchers have separately focused on designing steering interfaces that support user control and ownership. In this study, we investigate through a common framework how developments in both models and user interfaces are important for empowering co-creation where the goal is to create music that communicates particular imagery or ideas (e.g., as is common for other purposeful tasks in music creation like establishing mood or creating accompanying music for another media). Our study is distinguished in that it measures communication through both composer's self-reported experiences, and how listeners evaluate this communication through the music. In an evaluation study with 26 composers creating 100+ pieces of music and listeners providing 1000+ head-to-head comparisons, we find that more expressive models and more steerable interfaces are important and complementary ways to make a difference in composers communicating through music and supporting their creative empowerment.
What the Hein Decision Can Tell Us About the Roberts Court and the Establishment Clause

This extended essay plays off the Supreme Court's recent decision in Hein v. Freedom From Religion Foundation, Inc., 127 S. Ct. 2553 (2007) (plurality opinion), rejecting taxpayer standing where the claim on the merits challenges discretionary actions by officials in the executive branch said to violate the establishment clause. While the matter directly at hand is the scope of taxpayer standing first permitted in Flast v. Cohen (1968), the essay uses the "injury in fact" requirement for standing to delve into the manner by which the four opinions in Hein give us insight into how the Roberts Court will approach the establishment clause and the judiciary's role in policing government support for religion. The essay also demonstrates how what the Court terms a "generalized grievance" for which justiciability is denied unless Flast permits taxpayer standing, necessarily involves a claim where a structural clause of the Constitution is said to be violated rather than a rights-based claim. The above issues are all the more interesting because so far Hein is the only church-state case to come before the Supreme Court since the two newest justices, Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Alito, were appointed.
Cyclin A2 Promotes DNA Repair and Neural Stem Cell Growth

Mutations in DNA repair genes show peculiar defects in central nervous system morphogenesis characterized by dramatic cerebellar dysmorphia with relatively preserved forebrain development. Loss of ...
Descriptive Instrumental Music in Nineteenth-Century Poland: Context, Genre, and Performance

Descriptive instrumental works composed in nineteenth-century Poland do not easily fit classification as consumer music, as they fulfilled important patriotic and commemorative functions. While these pieces, like descriptive works composed elsewhere, employ topical gestures and melodic quotations, in the Polish works, patriotic songs are used intertextually to construct coherent historical or allegorical narratives of the nation through music. In Jankiel’s “Concert of Concerts,” an excerpt from the epic poem Pan Tadeusz, the poet Adam Mickiewicz describes a performance of such musical narrative of events in Polish history. Thus Mickiewicz apotheosized the then-popular descriptive pieces and inspired future compositions in the same genre. These pieces cross generic boundaries and interact in unexpected ways with the canonic repertory, offering insights into compositional techniques and strategies used by composers such as Fryderyk Chopin and illuminating modes of listening familiar to their audiences.
Normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus first became recognized as a treatable, reversible disorder in the 1960s. The classic triad of magnetic apraxia, urinary incontinence, and dementia remain relevant into the 21st century as being the basis for symptomatic diagnosis and predicting potential benefit from ventriculoperitoneal shunting, though they have been greatly augmented by the addition of modern neuroimaging, particularly MRI. Modern criteria recognize a wider range of diagnostic criteria, and new positive and negative prognostic indicators for treatment benefit have been discovered, though the mainstay remains initial drainage of a large volume of cerebrospinal fluid and monitoring for clinical improvement. Even with our advances in understanding both primary and secondary normal pressure hydrocephalus, diagnosis, management, and counseling remain challenging in this disorder.
Endothelium-derived relaxing factor: discovery, early studies, and identification as nitric oxide.

The discovery, early studies and identification of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) as nitric oxide, are described.
Searching for Exoplanets in the Stellar Graveyard

There is increasing evidence that planets are ubiquitous, and may form around stars over a wide range of stellar masses. After a star dies, the planets may remain, and in some circumstances there may be a new epoch of planet formation after the main sequence. In this chapter, scenarios for the retention and formation of planets after star death, and the prospects for detection, including current known post-main sequence systems are discussed. Planets in the graveyard are, in many cases, easier observational targets than planets around main sequence stars. Different detection techniques may also be brought to bear, in some cases with much higher sensitivity, allowing the detection of low mass planets. Planets detected in the graveyard reflect the ‘live’ population of planets, and in some cases provide potentially strong constraints on planet formation processes, and the general planet population.
Furosemide reduces accumulated oxygen deficit in horses during brief intense exertion

Hinchcliff, K. W., K. H. McKeever, W. W. Muir, and R. A. Sams. Furosemide reduces accumulated oxygen deficit in horses during brief intense exertion. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(4): 1550–1554, 1996.—We th...
Deconstructing Deviance: Filipino American Youth Gangs, "Party Culture," and Ethnic Identity in Los Angeles.

(1999). Deconstructing Deviance: Filipino American Youth Gangs, “Party Culture,” and Ethnic Identity in Los Angeles. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 116-138.
Early Proterozoic oceanic crust in the northern Colorado Front Range: Implications for crustal growth and initiation of basement faults

[1] Early Proterozoic oceanic crust exposed in a shear zone in the northern Colorado Front Range provides insight into the tectonic evolution of the Colorado province. Tectonically intermingled mylonitic amphibolite (locally pillowed), metagabbro, clinopyroxenite, metachert, and melange are preserved within the Buckhorn Creek shear zone west of Fort Collins. Whole rock geochemical data support formation of the igneous protoliths in an oceanic environment. Major and trace element data overlap samples from modern oceanic ridges, and are distinct from modern arc trends. Metagabbros and clinopyroxenites preserve a subhorizontal lineation defined by igneous pyroxenes; core and mantle microstructures indicate initial deformation at temperatures >900°C. Secondary amphiboles define both subhorizontal and subvertical lineations. Kinematic analysis indicates that the rocks experienced E-W strike-slip deformation prior to and during amphibolite-facies metamorphism, followed by N-S shortening. 40Ar/39Ar data from secondary hornblende yield age steps as old as 1.9 Ga. Based on the chemical data and kinematic evidence for strike-slip deformation, we propose that the Buckhorn Creek rocks originated at an oceanic ridge-transform intersection. The high-T pyroxene fabrics formed during ocean floor deformation prior to 1.7 Ga regional deformation of the Colorado province. The Buckhorn Creek fragment likely represents original oceanic basement for 1.8–1.7 Ga arc magmatism and sedimentation that ultimately formed the Colorado province continental crust. Reactivation of original oceanic fracture zones may be responsible for the network of regularly spaced northeast trending shear zones in Colorado. Once formed, subvertical transform faults are likely to survive the transition from oceanic to continental crust and persist as long-lived crustal discontinuities.
Oil price, biofuels and food supply.

Abstract The price of oil could play a significant role in influencing the expansion of biofuels, but this issue has yet to be fully investigated in the literature. Using a global computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, this study analyzes the impact of oil price on biofuel expansion, and subsequently, on food supply. The study shows that a 65% increase in oil price in 2020 from the 2009 level would increase the global biofuel penetration to 5.4% in 2020 from 2.4% in 2009. If oil prices rise 150% from their 2009 levels by 2020, the resulting penetration of biofuels would be 9%, which is higher than that would be caused by current mandates and targets introduced in more than forty countries around the world. The study also shows that aggregate agricultural output drops due to an oil price increase, but the drop is small in major biofuel producing countries as the expansion of biofuels would partially offset the negative impacts of the oil price increase on agricultural outputs. An increase in oil price would reduce global food supply through direct impacts as well as through the diversion of food commodities and cropland towards the production of biofuels.
ZEITLUPE Encodes a Novel Clock-Associated PAS Protein from Arabidopsis

We have conducted genetic screens for period length mutants in Arabidopsis using a transgenic bioluminescence phenotype. This screen identified mutations at a locus, ZEITLUPE (ZTL), that lengthen the free-running period of clock-controlled gene transcription and cell expansion, and alter the timing of the daylength-dependent transition from vegetative to floral development. Map-based cloning of ZTL identified a novel 609 amino acid polypeptide consisting of an amino-terminal PAS domain, an F box and six carboxy-terminal kelch repeats. The PAS region is highly similar to the PAS domain of the Arabidopsis blue-light receptor NPH1, and the Neurospora circadian-associated protein WHITE COLLAR-1 (WC-1). The striking fluence rate-dependent effect of the ztl mutations suggests that ZTL plays a primary role in the photocontrol of circadian period in higher plants.
Good communication in pediatric cancer care: a culturally-informed research agenda.

Communication affects people’s factual understanding of the situations they are in. This in turn affects consent to be treated and adherence. Although a growing body of literature concerns cancer communication, it generally concerns adult patients; pediatric-specific knowledge is limited. Furthermore, most research focuses shortsightedly on physicians rather than providers who have more patient contact, favors studying the single visit instead of encompassing the cycle of cancer care, does not take the child into account, and ignores the importance of provider-provider communication. Moreover, cultural issues are only narrowly conceived. In exploring culture’s role in pediatric cancer care communication, this article demonstrates that culture cannot be defined as just ethnicity or race. Professions also have cultures and resultant differences in communication patterns that can lead to communication failures. It also shows that there is a crucial need for more applied research as well as more qualitative r...
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the Bartholin’s gland: the University of Michigan experience

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the Bartholin's gland has been encountered in 11 patients at the University of Michigan Medical Center since 1936. At the time of presentation the average age was 48.9 years, the lesion size was between 0.5 to 4 cm. The presenting symptoms were pain and/or pruritis associated with a solitary mass. Early in this series, excisional biopsy was used to treat eight patients. The last three patients have been treated with a radical vulvectomy and unilateral or bilateral groin lymph node dissection. Local recurrence has occurred in five patients and distant recurrence in four patients. In spite of the high recurrence rate, 5- and 10-year survival has been high with all seven evaluable patients surviving 5 and 10 years. However, adenoid cystic carcinoma of the vulva is associated with late recurrences and metastases: three patients were dead of disease at 12, 15 and 31 years after initial diagnosis.
Coordination and Diversification of Investments in Multimodal Transportation

Across the nation, there are opportunities to improve multimodal coordination and prioritization of investments among transportation agencies. This article develops a method to coordinate and diversify transportation investments across travel modes and qualitative goals. The method helps decision makers to identify and prioritize investments for multimodal corridors, which involve large-scale coordination of transportation projects across modes. The article describes the developed method in two parts: prioritizing multimodal corridors at a macro level of analysis and coordinating modal projects at a micro level. The benefits of the method include (a) identification of efficient investment alternatives to meet travel demands when considering multiple modes relative to only single modes, (b) direction of funding to the multimodal corridors and modal projects where the needs are most urgent, and (c) increased transparency and accountability of multimodal agencies for funding that can be allocated across mult...
THE ENERGY GAP IN THE HIGH-Tc COPPER OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS

We briefly review high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) studies of the low energy excitations in the high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8. HREELS has been used to determine the magnitude and temperature dependence of the energy gap (2Δ) for Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystals. Below the transition temperature low-energy excitations are detected in the energy loss spectra. Because the energy loss spectra are proportional to the real part of the frequency dependent resistivity, ρR(ω), the energy gap can be determined directly from the HREEL data. At low temperature 2Δ = 6kTc and Δ develops sharply for T < Tc. The constraints that these new results place on potential mechanisms of superconductivity are discussed.
Human uterine luminal fluid volumes and prolactin levels in normal menstrual cycles

Human uterine luminal fluid has not been well characterized. Prolactin is produced in vitro by decidualized human endometrium and is secreted in vivo into the uterine luminal fluid of cynomolgus monkeys. Uterine luminal fluid prolactin has not been demonstrated in vivo in human beings. To study cyclic uterine luminal fluid volumes and prolactin levels, uterine luminal fluid was aspirated 8 to 13 times each during a single menstrual cycle in six ovulatory women. No anesthesia was used. Seventy of 75 (93%) attempts were successful; there were no complications. Serum estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin levels were assayed every 1 to 3 days. Uterine luminal fluid volume and prolactin were normalized to the luteinizing hormone peak (day 0). Uterine luminal fluid volumes were relatively constant until the early luteal phase, when they then decreased. Uterine luminal fluid prolactin was detectable in all samples. Mean values were stable until day ± 3 or + 4, after which they rose to a peak at day + 9 or + 10. This study establishes that (1) frequent uterine luminal fluid sampling is possible; (2) uterine luminal fluid volume decreases in the luteal phase; (3) uterine luminal fluid prolactin is detectable in vivo in women and its concentration increases in the luteal phase; and (4) cyclic human uterine luminal fluid prolactin levels differ from those in cynomolgus monkeys and from those anticipated from human in vitro studies.
Doses to members of the general public and observed effects on biota: Chernobyl Forum update

Abstract The Chernobyl Forum was organized by the United Nations to examine the health and environmental effects of the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station. This paper is concerned with the environmental effects, as determined by Expert Group Environment. The accident resulted in release of a large amount of radioactive materials over a period of 10 days. These materials were deposited throughout Europe with the three more affected countries being Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. More than 5 million persons lived on territories in these countries judged to be contaminated at >37 kBq m −2 . Many countermeasures were employed to mitigate the effects of the accident. The collective effective dose to the residents of the contaminated territories is estimated to be about 55 000 person-Sv. Effects on non-human biota were observed that ranged from minor to lethal; the current increase in the number and diversity of species in the most contaminated area is due to absence of human pressure.
Revision stapes surgery: the malleus to oval window wire-piston technique.

Objective To determine the effectiveness of the malleus to oval window wire-piston revision stapes surgery technique. Study Design A retrospective analysis of 243 stapes procedures performed by the senior author over a 10-year period identified 15 revisions. Five patients underwent a malleus to oval window wire-piston technique. All patients were followed for at least 6 months. The surgical outcome including audiologic data and complications are noted. Methods Stapes surgery was performed on an ambulatory basis by way of a transcanal approach under local anesthesia with monitored sedation by the same surgeon using a laser technique and a stapes wire-piston prosthesis. Results Among revision stapes procedures, there was no significant difference in the air-bone gap closure or complication rate between the incus to oval window and the malleus to oval window techniques. The average preoperative air-bone gap in all revisions was 32 dB, whereas the mean postoperative gap was 10 dB hearing loss. Conclusions In experienced hands, revision stapes surgery using the malleus to oval window stapes wire-piston prosthesis is safe and effective.
Multidimensional attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy with shaped pulses and quantum optical fields

Correlation function expressions for multidimensional photoelectron signals obtained for the response of electrons and nuclei in molecules to multiple ultrafast optical or x-ray pulses are derived using a superoperator formalism. For classical fields and quantum matter, these signals are recast as modulus squares of transition amplitudes which depend on the pulse bandshapes. A vibrational wave-packet representation which does not involve amplitudes is derived when the nuclear dynamics is calculated classically. In the case of a quantum radiation field, the signals depend on multipoint correlation functions of field operators. Photoelectron spectroscopy with entangled photons may be studied using this formalism.
The language of engagement in two highly interactive undergraduate mathematics classrooms

Abstract We report an analysis of the language used by two instructors teaching two undergraduate mathematics classes that exhibited high student participation yet differed in their level of dialogical engagement. We focus on the way instructors’ language contributes to opening or closing the opportunities for students’ engagement with mathematical dialog, in turn establishing parameters for students’ agency in the classroom discourse. We found ways in which instructors used language to determine different student engagement. How instructors use their linguistic resources in engaging students may facilitate or forestall dialogic possibilities, which in turn can influence students’ performance.
Inhibition of the HIV-1 rev–RRE complex formation by unfused aromatic cations

RNA viruses cause a wide range of human diseases. Development of new agents to target such viruses is an active area of research. Towards this goal, a series of diphenylfuran cations as potential inhibitors of the Rev-RRE complex have been designed and synthesized. Analysis of the interaction of the diphenylfurans with RRE and TAR RNA model systems by gel shift assays indicates that they exhibit both sequence and structure-dependent binding modes. Our results show a strong interaction between the diphenylfuran ring system and RRE bases, while the TAR interactions are much weaker with the compounds that are the best inhibitors of Rev-RRE.
Parental Attachment to Early Adolescents and Parents'Emotional and Marital Adjustment: A Longitudinal Study

This study examined the relationship between parental provision of attachment relations with early adolescents on parents' emotional and marital adjustment. A sample of 47 families composed of the mother, father, and early adolescent son (n = 20) or daughter (n = 27) participated in this study. Families were assessed on three separate occasions at 6-month intervals: the end of sixth grade, the first 2 months of seventh grade (involved a transition into a junior high school), and the end of seventh grade. The results revealed significant negative correlations between parents' attachment relations and measures of parents' emotional and marital adjustment. In addition, the strength of the relationship between measures of emotional and marital adjustment with attachment changed significantly across times of measurement, especially for the father The discussion emphasizes the need to consider the parental implications of attachment relations during the transitional periods that characterize early adolescence.
P.78: A Polarization Independent Microlens using Two Blue‐Phase Liquid Crystal Layers with Different Kerr Constant

We propose a new microlens device structure using two polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal layers whose Kerr constant is largely different. Such a polarization independent microlens has a simple structure and desired parabolic phase profile. Its applications for 2D/3D switchable displays and other photonic devices are emphasized.
The composition of organo-tin polymer films on metallic substrate materials

Abstract Glow discharge films with various ratios of carbon to tin were deposited on various metals and on glass. The ratio of carbon to tin was determined quantitatively by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The AES data correlated well with the XPS data. The X-ray beam and electron impact effects on organo-tin films influence the composition and are discussed in detail. The ratio of carbon to tin was not constant throughout the glow discharge reactor and this inhomogeneity is accounted for by the prevalence of “atomic” polymerization rather than “molecular” polymerization. We demonstrated that the substrate material had a definite influence on the composition of the films.
Feasibility of invasive monitoring of intracranial pressure in term neonates.

Abstract Seven term neonates with encephalopathy resulting from asphyxia and/or intracranial hemorrhage underwent invasive monitoring of intracranial pressure through the epidural or intracerebral space. The average age (in hours) at insertion of the monitor was 27 h in the 3 neonates with asphyxia and 70 h in the 4 neonates with hemorrhage. Intracranial hypertension was noted in 6 neonates. The management of the hypertension included hyperventilation followed by mannitol for pressures that were sustained above 20 mmHg and pentobarbital for pressures above 30 mmHg. The duration of the hypertension varied in 5 neonates from 4 to 72 h, while in the remaining neonate, the pressure remained elevated until death at 70 h. All 4 survivors with intracranial hemorrhage have minimal neuromotor deficits on follow up and 2 survivors with asphyxia have cognitive deficits and are microcephalic. From this small series, it appears that in the management of term neonates with intracranial hemorrhage, monitoring of intracranial pressure should be considered.
Real-time Gaussian Markov random-field-based ground tracking for ground penetrating radar data

Current ground penetrating radar algorithms for landmine detection require accurate estimates of the location of the air/ground interface to maintain high levels of performance. However, the presence of surface clutter, natural soil roughness, and antenna motion lead to uncertainty in these estimates. Previous work on improving estimates of the location of the air/ground interface have focused on one-dimensional filtering techniques to localize the air/ground interface. In this work, we propose an algorithm for interface localization using a 2- D Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF). The GMRF provides a statistical model of the surface structure, which enables the application of statistical optimization techniques. In this work, the ground location is inferred using iterated conditional modes (ICM) optimization which maximizes the conditional pseudo-likelihood of the GMRF at a point, conditioned on its neighbors. To illustrate the efficacy of the proposed interface localization approach, pre-screener performance with and without the proposed ground localization algorithm is compared. We show that accurate localization of the air/ground interface provides the potential for future performance improvements.
Characterization of cellulose nanofibrillation by micro grinding

A fundamental understanding of the morphological development of cellulose fibers during fibrillation using micro grinder is very essential to develop effective strategies for process improvement and to reduce energy consumption. We demonstrated some simple measures for characterizing cellulose fibers fibrillated at different fibrillation times through the grinder. The morphology and degree of fibrillation of the samples at different stages of fibrillation were characterized. The fibrillation and mechanical properties reached a maximum in 2 h, and did not show any significant change with further grinding. The lateral dimensions of the smallest nanofibrils were between 15 and 40 nm. A slight reduction in the crystallinity and degree of polymerization did not lead to decrease in mechanical properties of cellulose films. The lower tensile properties at the initial stages of fibrillation are mainly due to the presence of limited refined and heterogeneously treated fibers.
Effect of long branching and strain-induced crystallization of cis-1,4-polybutadiene observed in nonlinear viscoelastic behavior

The effect of long branching on the deformational behavior has been examined for four commercial high cis-polybutadienes with particular interest as to its implication on their processability. The techniques used were oscillatory shear measurements at small deformation and tensile stress-strain measurements at large deformation. In the shear measurements (linear behavior), the temperature dependence of the shift factor in the time-temperature superposition is related to the degree of branching obtained from dilute solution viscosity. In the tensile measurements (nonlinear behavior), the rubbers showed either strain-hardening or strain-softening. The difference was not related to the degree of branching determined by dilute solution viscosities. This means that the dilute solution viscosity is not an adequate means to explain the processability difference of the rubbers. The branch length, although the absolute value is unknown, is characterized as short or long on the basis of the strain-softening or strain-hardening behavior. Both small shear and large elongational measurements are necessary for characterization of branching pattern and processability. Rubbers with relatively short branches (strain-softening type) or with the smallest amount of long-branching (non-strain-hardening type) were found to strain-crystallize most easily. The absence of strong resistance to stretching is the apparent reason for the ease of crystallization. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Neutron stars in relativistic hadron-quark models☆

Abstract Neutron star properties are computed in relativistic models that contain both hadron and quark degrees of freedom. Neutron matter is assumed to have a low-density phase described by quantum hadrodynamics (QHD) and a high-density phase described by quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Several different QHD models and approximations are employed; all use parameters that reproduce the binding energy and density of equilibrium nuclear matter. Calculated neutron star properties depend primarily on the high-density equation of state and cannot be inferred from the symmetry energy or compressibility of equilibrium nuclear matter. If interactions are neglected in the QCD phase, the density of the hadron-quark phase transition is determined by one free parameters, which is the energy/volume needed to create a “bubble” that confines the quarks and gluons. Observed neutron star masses do not constrain this parameter, but stable neutron stars with quark cores can exist only for a limited range of parameter values. When second-order gluon-exchange corrections are included in the QCD phase, these conclusions are unchanged, and the parameter values that lead to stable hadronquark stars are restricted even further.
Sendai virus-based liposomes enable targeted cytosolic delivery of nanoparticles in brain tumor-derived cells

Nanotechnology-based bioassays that detect the presence and/or absence of a combination of cell markers are increasingly used to identify stem or progenitor cells, assess cell heterogeneity, and evaluate tumor malignancy and/or chemoresistance. Delivery methods that enable nanoparticles to rapidly detect emerging, intracellular markers within cell clusters of biopsies will greatly aid in tumor characterization, analysis of functional state and development of treatment regimens. Experiments utilized the Sendai virus to achieve in vitro, cytosolic delivery of Quantum dots in cells cultured from Human brain tumors. Using fluorescence microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy, in vitro experiments illustrated that these virus-based liposomes decreased the amount of non-specifically endocytosed nanoparticles by 50% in the Human glioblastoma and medulloblastoma samples studied. Significantly, virus-based liposome delivery also facilitated targeted binding of Quantum dots to cytosolic Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor within cultured cells, focal to the early detection and characterization of malignant brain tumors. These findings are the first to utilize the Sendai virus to achieve cytosolic, targeted intracellular binding of Qdots within Human brain tumor cells. The results are significant to the continued applicability of nanoparticles used for the molecular labeling of cancer cells to determine tumor heterogeneity, grade, and chemotherapeutic resistivity.
Stacked Microchannel Heat Sinks for Liquid Cooling of Microelectronics

Stacked microchannels provide larger flow passages, so that for a fixed heat load the required pressure drop is significantly reduced. One unique feature of the stacked microchannel heat sink is that individual layers populated with parallel microchannels or distributing manifolds can be bonded into one stack with independent flow path. As a beneficial result, flexible control over the flow direction and flow rate can be harnessed to achieve better temperature uniformity and the low junction temperature. In the present work, stacked microchannels with different flow arrangement have been fabricated on silicon wafers using micromachining techniques. Platinum thin film heaters are deposited on the backside of the stacked structure to provide heating. In a close-loop setup, water is pumped through the microchannels to carry the heat from the heaters to a remote liquid-liquid heat exchanger rejecting the heat to a recirculating chiller. Wall temperature along the flow direction is measured at nine locations using platinum resistive temperature detectors deposited at the same time as the heaters. Good overall cooling performance (0.09°C/(W/cm2 )) for the stacked microchannel heat sink has been shown in the experiments. It has also been identified that over the tested flow rate range counter-flow arrangement provides better temperature uniformity, while parallel flow has the best performance in reducing the peak temperature.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Images of arterial tissues using catheter swept source optical coherence tomography

Optical coherence tomography images of arterial samples harvested from asymptomatic pigs and from lipid-rich Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits were acquired using a fiber catheter-based swept-source optical coherence tomography system (OCT). A quadrature Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on multi-port fiber couplers and a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) were employed in the swept-source optical coherence tomography system. The improvement of signal to noise ratio as a result of incorporating the SOA into the configuration translated in an increase of the penetration depth. A fiber probe ending in a fiber ball lens was developed for the arterial imaging. The images acquired by this system offer the possibility to investigate anatomical details located under the surface of the artery such as the intima, media, and adventitia layers (from lumen side) of the blood vessel wall , as well as morphological features specific to artherosclerotic plaques such as lipid pools, fibrous caps, macrophage accumulations and calcified. This report indicates that our improved catheter-based swept source OCT is a potential tool for in vivo intravascular imaging.
Whoever Said that Markets Were Fair

The popular notion that markets are “fair” is wrong. Working from theory and behavioral research, the author examines the foundations of markets and their relationship to negotiations. In the process, she demonstrates that there is nothing inherently fair about supply and demand curves or market clearing prices. Although market price information may provide a reasonable standard for resolving a price negotiation, it too has little to do with intrinsic fairness. Markets are efficient and incredibly powerful at organizing people and allocating resources, but the idea that they have anything to do with fairness (or unfairness) is a socially-constructed illusion.
Fear of failure: gender differences in older adult gamers

In this poster, we examine gender differences in older adults playing an off-the-shelf puzzle game (Boom Blox, EA 2008). Game design research for the elderly is an under-developed area, even though one-fifth of adults over the age of sixty-five reported playing video games and those that do so play more often that their younger counterparts. Gender differences in older adult gamers are even less understood. We use quantitative and qualitative techniques to identify gender differences in older adult game players and we discuss ramifications for cognitive game design.
Control of flow of fetal lung fluid at the laryngeal outlet.

Abstract Lambs near term with placental circulations intact were delivered by cesarean section. Cineroentgenograms of contrast material injected into the trachea demonstrated the presence of a sphincter mechanism at the laryngeal outlet. The sphincter opened periodically and allowed the lung fluid to be discharged into the nose and pharynx where it was swallowed. The mechanism consists of two large arytenoid cartilages which are held together and up against the back of the epiglottic cartilage by contraction of a muscular sling comprising thyro-arytenoid and inter-arytenoid muscles. Material injected into the nose or mouth did not enter the trachea except following occlusion of the umbilical cord. Sectioning the recurrent laryngeal nerves paralysed the muscle component of the sphincter. The mechanism probably aids in lung growth by maintaining a positive intraluminal pressure, and assists in the retention of lung surfactant. It also acts as a barrier to the ingress of mucus and amniotic fluid in utero into the future airway.
Value in the guise of regret

Abstract According to a widely accepted philosophical model, agent‐regret is practically significant and appropriate when the agent committed a mistake, or she faced a conflict of obligations. I argue that this account misunderstands moral phenomenology because it does not adequately characterize the object of agent‐regret. I suggest that the object of agent‐regret should be defined in terms of valuable unchosen alternatives supported by reasons. This model captures the phenomenological varieties of regret and explains its practical significance for the agent. My contention is that agent‐regret is a mode of valuing: a way in which the agent expresses and confers value.
The first 50 years of total hip arthroplasty: lessons learned.

Fifty years have passed since the first total hip arthroplasty of the modern era was performed. At this, the vantage point, it is reasonable to review these five decades, inquiring behind the single dominating observation that, in its current form, this operation is one of the most successful of all surgical procedures for the management of end-stage human disease. What are the generic lessons that can be derived from the experience? Succinctly, five major observations appear valuable. They are “skunk works,” “Pasteur’s motto,” “the totally unexpected,” “research solutions,” and “the role of alternatives.” “Skunk works,” an industrial management term, might be characterized as an innovative endeavor that is offline and off-budget resulting from the relentless pursuit of a vivid dream by creative zealots who eschew defeat. Pasteur’s motto dealt with serendipity, which was crucial to total hip arthroplasty progress. The totally unexpected is represented by an entirely new manmade disease, “periprosthetic osteolysis.” The research solutions are represented by the complex, sophisticated contemporary research that has unraveled periprosthetic osteolysis and suggested modes of correction. Finally, the application of “alternatives” has characterized major progress. Importantly, these, or similar generic observations, may provide insights into important progress in the future.
Microstructure and growth kinetics of the fibrous composite subscale formed by internal oxidation of SmCo 5

The oxidation of SmCo5 is an unusual example of selective internal oxidation in which the subscale formed consists of a composite microstructure containing samarium oxide fibers and β-cobalt. The oxide fiber size increases with oxidation temperature, and the orientation of the fibers is generally perpendicular to the subscale-alloy interface. The unusual structure results because of the high concentration of samarium in the intermetallic compound, coupled with a low solubility of samarium in metallic cobalt resulting in a subscale consisting of 39 vol pct oxide. Growth of the subscale follows the parabolic oxidation law, and the kinetics have been determined between 100 and 1125°C. The kinetics are too fast to be explained by lattice diffusion in either the oxide or the cobalt phases. Oxygen diffusion down the cobalt-oxide fiber interface appears to be the transport mechanism for this diffusion controlled process. The oxidation behavior of PrCo5 is identical with that of SmCo5.
The effects of grain size on the flow and fracture of long-range ordered alloys

The effects of grain size on the mechanical properties of long-range ordered alloys are examined with reference to the short-term behavior of aluminide intermetallics. It is shown that in those L1(2) alloys which exhibit anomalous thermal strengthening, the grain size affects the magnitude of the strengthening. In some cases it also affects ductility, whereby the tensile elongation and the tensile strength increase as the grain size decreases below a critical point. It is also believed that grain size may affect the partitioning of microalloying elements, such as boron, in Ni3Al.
Program of the 61st semiannual Statistical Mechanics Meeting

Here are the titles of the talks presented at the 61st semiannual Statistical Mechanics Meeting. As usual these titles are informal and, in many cases, there is also one speaker listed, although the work may have been done with collaborators. Also, the addresses are incomplete. Anyone who is interested in communicating with a speaker and requires a more complete address may obtain it by writing to me. The next meeting, the 62nd, is scheduled for December 14 and 15, 1989. In addition to the talks, the program for these meetings also has a "positions wanted" and "positions available" section. If you are interested in receiving the full program of these meetings, please send me a selfaddressed envelope.
Determination of 17‐hydroxycorticosteroids in human urine

A study was undertaken to develop a method that could be used as an indication of the absorption of steroids. It was demonstrated that 17‐hydroxycorticosteroids in urine could be quantitatively determined via absorptivity values obtained through the use of standard hydrocortisone‐alcohol solutions or standard solutions of hydrocortisone in urine utilizing the blue tetrazolium assay method. This method is dependent upon the hydrolysis of conjugated urinary steroids by beef liver glucuronidase. The resultant concentration of 17‐hydroxycorticosteroids is determined colorimetrically using blue tetrazolium.
Barriers to Working With Sexual Assault Survivors: A Qualitative Study of Rape Crisis Center Workers

To better understand barriers service providers may face when advocating for survivors, a study using grounded theory and qualitative, semistructured interviews was conducted of rape victim advocates (N= 25) working in rape crisis centers in a large metropolitan area. Broader societal attitudes framed and were reflected in institutional responses to victims and in barriers faced by advocates working with survivors. Organizational barriers noted by advocates related to resources, environmental factors, professionalization, and racism. Staff burnout was a major barrier affecting advocates' ability to help survivors. Finally, the most salient direct service barrier was secondary victimization by criminal justice and medical or mental health systems.
Further antioxidant studies concerned with the metabolism of carotene and vitamin A

Abstract Young vitamin A-deficient albino rats were supplemented daily for 21 days with the antioxidant plus either a moderate amount of carotene (34 μg.) or vitamin A (13 μug.) in cottonseed oil. Control rats received either the carotene or vitamin A alone in oil. In a manner similar to the effects of other fat-soluble antioxidants, 2, 6-di- tert -butyl-4-methylphenol and d -α-tocopherol in a concentration of 10 mg./day significantly decreased vitamin A deposition from carotene administered to rats by approximately 50–60%. On the other hand, the antioxidant had no effect on the utilization of preformed vitamin A. In contrast 10 mg./day of N,N′ -diphenyl- p -phenylenediamine, which is only sparingly fat-soluble, had no effect on carotene utilization. Based on fecal excretion data, none of the antioxidants interfered with the absorption of carotene. These data strongly support the view that the inhibitory effect of comparatively large amounts of these fat-soluble antioxidants and vitamin E on carotene utilization is concerned with their antioxidant properties and that under certain conditions they may interfere with the enzymatic conversion of carotene to vitamin A.
Aggressive thoughts and behavior: another symptom of panic disorder?

We report on 3 individuals who describe aggressive thoughts and behaviors that frequently occurred in association with panic symptoms. It is theorized that the seemingly paradoxical emotions of fear and aggression may actually share a similar etiology. Of clinical interest, the subjects improved in both their panic and aggressive symptoms when they were treated with antidepressant medication. Language: en
Evaluation of superconducting Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O thin-film surface-resistance using a microstrip ring resonator

The use of thin-film superconductors for microwave applications is known to depend on the material parameters of surface resistance and penetration depth, which are generally difficult to measure. A measurement technique is presented using microstrip ring resonators and contactless probing that determines these critical parameters. Analysis accounting for field penetration into the conductors is also presented. Normal metal resonators are used to calibrate and verify the measurement. The surface resistance of a Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O superconducting thin film measured at 8.03 GHz and 77 K was found to be about 0.5 m Omega . >
Is there a secular trend in age of menopause

A review of the difficulties encountered in analyzing a secular trend in age of menopause is given with emphasis on the advantages and disadvantages of the recollective and "status quo" methods. It is suggested that no methodology except that which is prospective will give accurate ages of menopause. Accepting this given, a review of the literature from 1864 to 1964 is undertaken, that suggests there may be a secular trend in Denmark, England, France, Germany, Russia and the USA. This must, however, be corroborated by longitudinal, cross cultural, generational research of mothers' and daughters' ages at menopause, or at least, cohort analysis of specific populations.