cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Attentional biases in children of depressed mothers: An event-related potential (ERP) study.

Although a number of studies have reported that children of depressed, compared to nondepressed, parents exhibit biased attention to sad facial stimuli, the direction of this bias remains unclear; some studies find evidence of preferential attention towards sad faces whereas others find evidence of attention avoidance. In the current study, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to assess children’s attention to emotional stimuli using a spatial cueing task. We found that children of depressed mothers generally exhibited less attention to sad facial stimuli than children of nondepressed mothers. Across all indices of attention bias (N2pc and SPCN time locked to face onset, P3b time locked to probe onset, reaction times to probes), children of mothers with a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) during the child’s life exhibited less attention to sad faces than children of never depressed mothers. For two of these indices (SPCN and reaction times), the attention biases for the offspring of depressed mothers was not specific to sadness and was observed for all emotional expressions. Group differences in the ERP indices was maintained when controlling for the influence of mothers’ and children’s current symptoms of depression and anxiety, mothers’ history of anxiety disorders, and children’s history of MDD and anxiety disorders, suggesting that the results are specific to mothers’ history of MDD.
Modal analysis and experimental study for a 3-DOF parallel machine tool

Parallel machine tools have many advantages theoretically, e.g. stricter accuracy, higher stiffness, high force-to-weight ratio and better dynamic performance. In fact there are common problems of lower dynamic rigidity and lower precision processing in the most prototypes in our country. The dynamic property of a 3-DOF Parallel machine tool is analyzed with the theory of vibration modal analysis in this paper. Reasonable and standard testing methods are proposed. The structural dynamic properties in both horizontal and vertical directions are tested for a prototype of the machine; the natural vibration frequency, damping ratio and vibrating mode are obtained. The resonant frequency in vertical direction is apparently higher than the horizontal one. With high z increased, the parallel machine tool became less rigidity, and with the move from the centre platform, this machine tool rigidity is not changed evident. The conclusions have reference value for other parallel machine tools.
Characterization of New Cationic N,N-Dimethyl[70]fulleropyrrolidinium Iodide Derivatives as Potent HIV-1 Maturation Inhibitors.

HIV-1 maturation can be impaired by altering protease (PR) activity, the structure of the Gag-Pol substrate, or the molecular interactions of viral structural proteins. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of new cationic N,N-dimethyl[70]fulleropyrrolidinium iodide derivatives that inhibit more than 99% of HIV-1 infectivity at low micromolar concentrations. Analysis of the HIV-1 life cycle indicated that these compounds inhibit viral maturation by impairing Gag and Gag-Pol processing. Importantly, fullerene derivatives 2a–c did not inhibit in vitro PR activity and strongly interacted with HIV immature capsid protein in pull-down experiments. Furthermore, these compounds potently blocked infectivity of viruses harboring mutant PR that are resistant to multiple PR inhibitors or mutant Gag proteins that confer resistance to the maturation inhibitor Bevirimat. Collectively, our studies indicate fullerene derivatives 2a–c as potent and novel HIV-1 maturation inhibitors.
Design and Evaluation of Designer Feedback System in Design for Manufacturability

The aim of the study is to develop and evaluate a prototype designer feedback tool to give manufacturability feedback information to design engineers early at the conceptual design stage. Providing design engineers early manufacturability information on their designs helps them to improve manufacturing quality of their designs thus reducing the overall cost and lead time to manufacture. The Three Dimensional Integrated Feedback (3DIF) system is designed to be a manufacturing visualization feedback tool that is generalizable, automated, usable, inexpensive and portable. Feedback given to design engineers can be in various modalities, including verbal, text, 2D drawings, or 3D. Information abstraction and modality significantly affect its interpretation, so it is important that feedback given to the design engineers should be in the language understandable to them and is able to convey necessary information with minimal interpretation. An experiment has been designed to evaluate performance and workload dif...
Impact of elevated CO2 concentrations on carbonate mineral precipitation ability of sulfate-reducing bacteria and implications for CO2 sequestration

Abstract Interest in anthropogenic CO 2 release and associated global climatic change has prompted numerous laboratory-scale and commercial efforts focused on capturing, sequestering or utilizing CO 2 in the subsurface. Known carbonate mineral precipitating microorganisms, such as the anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), could enhance the rate of conversion of CO 2 into solid minerals and thereby improve long-term storage of captured gasses. The ability of SRB to induce carbonate mineral precipitation, when exposed to atmospheric and elevated pCO 2 , was investigated in laboratory scale tests with bacteria from organic-rich sediments collected from hypersaline Lake Estancia, New Mexico. The enriched SRB culture was inoculated in continuous gas flow and batch reactors under variable headspace pCO 2 (0.0059 psi to 20 psi). Solution pH, redox conditions, sulfide, calcium and magnesium concentrations were monitored in the reactors. Those reactors containing SRB that were exposed to pCO 2 of 14.7 psi or less showed Mg-calcite precipitation. Reactors exposed to 20 psi pCO 2 did not exhibit any carbonate mineralization, likely due to the inhibition of bacterial metabolism caused by the high levels of CO 2 . Hydrogen, lactate and formate served as suitable electron donors for the SRB metabolism and related carbonate mineralization. Carbon isotopic studies confirmed that ∼53% of carbon in the precipitated carbonate minerals was derived from the CO 2 headspace, with the remaining carbon being derived from the organic electron donors, and the bicarbonate ions available in the liquid medium. The ability of halotolerant SRB to induce the precipitation of carbonate minerals can potentially be applied to the long-term storage of anthropogenic CO 2 in saline aquifers and other ideal subsurface rock units by converting the gas into solid immobile phases.
In situ synthesis of polyelectrolyte/layered double hydroxide intercalation compounds

Intercalation is usually achieved through the insertion of guest species into a pre-formed layered compound. Herein, we report our exploration of the formation of intercalation compounds through a direct growth method using cationic layered double hydroxide (LDH) and anionic polyelectrolytes. LDH precursors and intercalant molecules were used as the raw materials to directly grow layered intercalation compounds through a hydrothermal method. Three poly(sodium 4-styrene-sulfonate) (PSSNa) with different molecular weights (i.e., 70000, 200000, and 500000) were systematically studied as an intercalant in terms of their effect on the growth of intercalation compounds. The mass ratio of PSSNa and LDH was also varied to study how the formulation ratio of the raw materials influences the growth of the PSSNa/LDH intercalation compounds. These directly synthesized PSSNa/LDH intercalation compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, based on which their growth mechanism was discussed. This direct growth method offers an alternative for large-scale production of intercalation compounds for potential commercial applications.
Planning high-speed safe trajectories in confidence-rich maps

Planning safe, high-speed trajectories in unknown environments remains a major roadblock on the way toward achieving fast autonomous flight. Current state-of-the-art planning approaches use sampling-based methods or trajectory optimization to obtain fast trajectories, whose safety is evaluated by taking into account the current state estimate of the environment. In unknown environments, however, this leads to numerous stops caused by the need for re-planning the trajectory due to unexpected obstacles. In this paper, we propose to use an active perception paradigm for planning. We predict the future uncertainty of the map and optimize trajectories to minimize re-planning risk. This leads to faster and safer trajectories. We evaluate the proposed planning approach in a series of simulation experiments, which show that we are able to achieve safer trajectories with a smaller number of re-planning stops and faster speeds.
NICARAGUAN FEMINIST JOSEFA TOLEDO DE AGUERRI (1866-1962): HER LIFE AND HER LEGACY

Este ensayo analiza el legado de Josefa Toledo de Aguerri (1866-1962), educadora y feminista nicaraguense. El analisis se enfoca en sus escritos sobre el feminismo, la eugenesia, y la sexualidad.
Large Deviations for Increasing Subsequences of Permutations and a Concurrency Application

The study of concurrent processes with conflicts affecting concurrent execution has been long related to various geometric objects. In the special case of two processes and non-overlapping conflicts (definitions below) an instance of a problem is encoded by a permutation describing the conflict sets for the interacting processes. Further, it turns out that the set of increasing subsequences of the permutation describes the homotopy classes of the execution plans for the concurrent processes, an abstraction encoding one particular serialization of the executions of two processes. This motivates the study of random increasing subsequences of random permutations. Here, we give a large deviation principle which implies that such a subsequence never deviates too far from the identity permutation: a random serialization of two concurrent processes will not delay either process's access to shared resources too much at any given time. We then give an efficient exact algorithm for uniform random sampling of an increasing subsequence from a given permutation. Finally, we indicate how our results generalize to larger numbers of processes, wherein conflict sets may take on more interesting geometries.
Secondary science teachers’ implementation of CCSS and NGSS literacy practices: a survey study

Most middle and high school students struggle with reading and writing in science. This may be because science teachers are reluctant to teach literacy in science class. New standards now require a shift in the way science teachers develop students’ literacy in science. This survey study examined the extent to which science teachers report implementing science literacy practices from the Common Core Literacy in Science and Technical Subjects and the Next Generation Science Standards with their students. A survey detailing these practices was emailed to all secondary science teachers (N = 2519) in one northeastern state and 14% of them (n = 343) responded. Practices that aligned more closely with disciplinary literacy skills and strategies were implemented more often when compared to the practices aligned with intermediate literacy skills and strategies. Since the development and intermediate skills are important to support students’ literacy progression from foundational to disciplinary, secondary science teachers may not be providing enough support for their students to be competently literate in science, in a fundamental literacy sense. This, in turn, impacts students’ ability to use fundamental literacy skills toward knowledge-building in science, achieving a derived sense of science literacy.
Use of Intraventricular Alteplase in a Patient with Moyamoya and Acute Intraventricular Hemorrhage: A Case Report

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Intraventricular alteplase is a recently established therapy, with the clot lysis: Evaluating accelerated resolution of IVH (CLEAR) III trial, being the highest level evidence to date. Historically, as in the CLEAR III trial, there have been notable exclusionary criteria for patients to receive this therapy. The goal of this report is to demonstrate its safe use in a patient with moyamoya. We present a 60-year-old male with severe IVH secondary to moyamoya disease successfully treated with intraventricular alteplase.
The Effects of 4'-Esterified Resveratrol Derivatives on Calcium Dynamics in Breast Cancer Cells.

Triple-negative breast cancer is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Frequently, breast cancer cells modulate their calcium signaling pathways to optimize growth. Unique calcium pathways in breast cancer cells could serve as a way to target tumorigenic cells without affecting normal tissue. Resveratrol has previously been shown to activate calcium signaling pathways. We use cell viability, single-cell calcium microscopy, and RT-PCR assays to determine the activity and mechanism of three different 4′-esterified resveratrol derivatives. We demonstrate that two of the derivatives reduce cell viability more effectively than resveratrol in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. The derivatives also activate similar pro-apoptotic calcium signaling pathways. In particular, the pivalated and butyrated resveratrol derivatives are intriguing putative chemotherapeutics because they are more effective at decreasing cell viability in vitro and inhibiting the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase, a protein that is often modulated in breast cancer.
Assessing Interactions Between a Polytopic Membrane Protein and Lipid Bilayers Using Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Solid-State NMR.

It is known that the lipid composition within a cellular membrane can influence membrane protein structure and function. In this Article, we investigated how structural changes to a membrane protein upon substrate binding can impact the lipid bilayer. To carry out this study, we reconstituted the secondary active drug transporter EmrE into a variety of phospholipid bilayers varying in headgroup and chain length and carried out differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and solid-state NMR experiments. The DSC results revealed a difference in cooperativity of the lipid phase transition for drug-free EmrE protonated at glutamic acid 14 (i.e., proton-loaded form) and the tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+) bound form of the protein (i.e., drug-loaded form). To complement these findings, we acquired magic-angle-spinning (MAS) spectra in the presence and absence of TPP+ by directly probing the phospholipid headgroup using 31P NMR. These spectra showed a reduction in lipid line widths around the main phase transition fo...
MONOAMINE OXIDASE ACTIVITY IN FIBROBLASTS FROM CONTROL INDIVIDUALS AND PATIENTS WITH INHERITED NEUROLOGIC DISEASES

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was measured in cultured skin fibroblasts from control individuals and patients with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, dystonia musculoram deformans, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and familial dysautonomia. The distribution of activity in the control population appeared to be bimodal; activities in the Lesch-Nyhan, dystonia and muscular dystrophy populations tended to be within the low normal range.
Bioactive ceramics and glasses for tissue engineering

Abstract: The main bioactive ceramics and glasses used or under development for tissue engineering applications are reviewed. Applications of these biomaterials are mainly in bone tissue engineering but recent studies are also showing promising results for the use of bioactive glasses in healing soft tissue wounds. Hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and biphasic calcium phosphate are the most widely used bioactive ceramics. Silicate-based glasses such as the composition designated 45S5 and more recently developed borate and phosphate compositions are the main types of bioactive glass. Bioactive composites and inorganic–organic hybrids are also of interest. The properties of these bioactive ceramics and glasses and their performance in vitro and in vivo are reviewed.
Host immunoreactivity to CSA, a tissue-specific antigen of normal and neoplastic human intestine.

The GW-39 tumor system consists of a human signet-ring cell carcinoma of the human colon which is serially transplantable in normal, unconditioned, adult golden hamsters either in the cheek pouch or intramuscularly (5). The microscopic morphology of GW-39, after staining with PAS, indicates that intracytoplasmic mucin is being produced by the tumor. Signet-ring cells are also prevelant. This tumor system has now been maintained by us in hamsters for about 10 yr, retaining human species-specific and organ-specific properties. For example, the few cells amenable to karyotyping have revealed a human pseudodiploid karyotype. As we reported earlier (3), one of the more interesting properties of GW-39 cells, which is consistent with their human origin, is their capacity to synthesize the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) of Gold and Freedman (2). Since this human colonic carcinoma retained a tumor-associated glycoprotein such as CEA even after long-term propagation in animal hosts, we reasoned that other human and perhaps organ-associated substances could likewise be detectable in this tumor model. The purpose of this paper is to describe the extraction and identification of an antigen, CSA, present in normal and neoplastic digestive tract tissue.
Role of Immune Response in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of hepatic pathology ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL; steatosis) at the most clinically benign end of the spectrum to cirrhosis at the opposite extreme, where most liver-related morbidity and mortality occur. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a lesion of intermediate severity. NASH is characterized by overt hepatocyte injury and death. It is often accompanied by hepatic infiltration with inflammatory cells (1). Some individuals with NASH gradually accumulate hepatic fibrosis, and eventually develop cirrhosis (2). Over time, hepatocellular carcinomas emerge in a small proportion of individuals with NAFLD-related cirrhosis (3). The pathogenesis of NAFLD is the subject of much research because NAFLD is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease, particularly in countries such as the United States that are in the midst of an obesity epidemic (4,(5)).
An Examination of Credit Usage by Compulsive Purchasers

The purpose of this research was to compare the credit usage patterns of compulsive and noncompulsive purchasers. Specifically, comparisons were made of the number of credit cards possessed and the usage rate of those credit cards. The results indicate that there is no significant difference in the numbers of credit cards, but there are differences in usage rates for bank and department store credit cards.
The Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor M5: Therapeutic Implications and Allosteric Modulation.

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtype 5 (M5) was the most recent mAChR to be cloned and has since emerged as a potential therapeutic target for a number of indications. Early studies with knockout animals have provided clues to the receptor’s role in physiological processes related to Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, and addiction, and until recently, useful subtype-selective tools to further probe the pharmacology of M5 have remained elusive. Small-molecule allosteric modulators have since gained traction as a means by which to selectively examine muscarinic pharmacology. This review highlights the discovery and optimization of M5 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) and negative allosteric modulators (NAMs).
An Investigation on Diagnosis-Based Power Switch Lifetime Extension Strategies for Three-Phase Inverters

Fault diagnosis and failure prognosis of power electronics systems are essential for various mission critical applications, where safety, continuity, and survivability of the system are of paramount importance. With the recent advances in power device failure precursor identification and lifetime estimation, it is possible to extend the lifetime of the power devices, and thereby converters through secondary control schemes. The essence of the lifetime extension strategies relies on either reducing the power loss on the degraded device(s) and shifting it to other parts, or decreasing the total power loss of the converter. As the power converters are optimized for efficiency and total harmonic distortion (THD) requirements, these secondary control strategies can result in operations above the design limits. This paper proposes a hybrid secondary lifetime extension control scheme for three-phase inverters based on the identified failure precursors, which dynamically changes the modulation scheme and adjusts the switching frequency. In the content of this paper, the tradeoff between the THD and achievable lifetime extension is addressed, and a control algorithm is proposed, which maximizes the lifetime with feasible lowest THD.
Vietnam's Communist Revolution: The Power and Limits of Ideology

By tracing the evolving worldview of Vietnamese communists over 80 years as they led Vietnam through wars, social revolution, and peaceful development, this book shows the depth and resilience of their commitment to the communist utopia in their foreign policy. Unearthing new material from Vietnamese archives and publications, this book challenges the conventional scholarship and the popular image of the Vietnamese revolution and the Vietnam War as being driven solely by patriotic inspirations. The revolution not only saw successes in defeating foreign intervention, but also failures in bringing peace and development to Vietnam. This was, and is, the real tragedy of Vietnam. Spanning the entire history of the Vietnamese revolution and its aftermath, this book examines its leaders' early rise to power, the tumult of three decades of war with France, the US, and China, and the stubborn legacies left behind which remain in Vietnam today.
Building Farsighted Intrusion Discovery Employing ML Algorithms

Communication plays a key role be it personal or business world. Every individual is actionable based on the Communication system. At a business, its growth is primarily dependent on the Communication factor as the data exchanged is huge. Similarly, be it learning and education, advertising, finance, security or any other such domain, it requires very effective and robust networks and processing strengths. A network is a primary passage for the all the data transfer. And this data is very important and thus needs to be very secure. Data is the only thing that benefits the world and so the attackers. The security of this data over the network is the main concern for all businesses. Not that security was not present, but it was traditional. The attacks and thefts were known to the system and after that we used to get insurance against the knowns. The traditional way most usually recognizes known dangers in light of characterized rules or behavioral investigation through baselining the system. However, now there is a paradigm shift, the attacks and threats are unknown! Networks suffer from a lot of attacks and the count of attacks are increasing enormously. A skilled attacker can sidestep traditional security techniques, so there is a requirement for advanced and intelligent intrusion detection techniques. Machine learning is a powerful and effective analysis apparatus to recognize any anomalous activities exercising in the network traffic stream. This paper talks about, Random Forest classifier algorithm which is applied along with RandomOverSampler and PCA to help detect network anomalies. The correctness of the proposed strategy is derived using detection accuracy, precision, and recall. The proposed technique shows the detection accuracy of 80.88% and precision of 83% and recall of 81%.
Primary polymerization prevention.

In this issue of Blood, Howard et al report a phase 1/2 study of voxelotor (GBT440) in sickle cell anemia. This drug binds to the α-globin chain of hemoglobin and increases hemoglobin-oxygen affinity, thereby decreasing the polymerization tendency of deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin (HbS). Treated patients had a median 1 g/dL increase of hemoglobin concentration, and markers of hemolysis were decreased.1
Ending Rent Control Reduced Crime in Cambridge

Using detailed location-specific criminal incident-level data, we find that sudden rent decontrol in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1995 caused overall crime to fall by 16 percent—approximately 1,200 crimes annually. We estimate that this annual direct benefit to Cambridge residents was roughly $10 million (in 2008 dollars), accounting for 10 percent of the growth in the Cambridge residential property values attributable to decontrol.
Abstract 1239: Structure activity relationship of alexidine analogs for the inhibition of collective invasion

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US with an overall 5-year survival of only 15-20%. Metastatic disease is a major contributor to poor survival and novel therapeutics that can selectively target invasive tumor cell populations are lacking. Metabolic reprogramming contributes to tumor progression with effective therapies targeting cancer metabolism available. However, it remains unclear whether targeting cancer metabolism will prove valuable in inhibiting invasive cancer populations. Recent studies have demonstrated anticancer activity by the mitochondria-targeting bioactive small molecule alexidine dihydrochloride. Our group has previously found that alexidine specifically inhibits the a highly invasive subpopulation of H1299 previous identified in our lab by decoupling and decreasing collective invasion. Here we report the structure activity relationship (SAR) between analogs of alexidine on the inhibition of collective invasion in NSCLC cell lines. For these studies, we utilized an in vitro 3D invasion model where NSCLC cell lines were allowed to form spheroids, and then were embedded into Matrigel and allowed to invade over 48h in the presence or absence of the analogs. Using this technique, we identified two novel alexidine analogs with improved efficacy at inhibiting the invasion of H1299 NSCLC cells. Additionally, we examined the phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), the gatekeeper for the entrance of pyruvate into the TCA cycle, following treatment with the alexidine analogs. We observed a significant correlation between PDH phosphorylation and inhibition of invasion following treatment with the analogs. In conclusion, we have identified two novel alexidine analogs with improved inhibition of invasion in NSCLC cell lines in an in vitro model. Citation Format: Jamie Arnst, Rachel Commander, Adam Marcus. Structure activity relationship of alexidine analogs for the inhibition of collective invasion [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1239.
The effect of a community crash reenactment program on teen alcohol awareness and behavior

Background: Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are the leading cause of death in US teens, encompassing greater than one in three deaths. Mock crash reenactments have been used to promote awareness in communities about the effects of drinking and driving. The majority of these programs are for alcohol injury prevention, target high school students, and often involve a scenario of a student driving while under the influence (DUI) and sustaining a fatal car crash. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a regional mock crash reenactment upon the students’ drinking and driving knowledge and behaviors. Methods: An observational pre-post study was conducted. The survey had seven five-point Likert-scale questions (1 being strongly disagree and 5 strongly agree) measuring outcomes. Students were surveyed before and after the crash reenactment concerning their knowledge and attitudes related to drinking and driving. The survey also included questions that queried participant’s age, gender, alcohol consumption history, and seatbelt usage. Results: The final study population included 947 pre-surveys and 840 post-surveys. Students demonstrated no significant increase in knowledge-based drinking and driving questions. However, after the reenactment program, students were 1.39 times less likely to report drinking and driving in the future or that they would get into a car with someone who would drive drunk. Students were 1.7 times more likely to report thinking about the risks associated with drinking and driving after participating in the program. Conclusion: After viewing a mock crash reenactment, students reported they were less likely to drink and drive in the future or get into a car with someone who would drive drunk, and were more likely often think the risks associated with drinking and driving.
Inferential Approaches for Network Analysis: AMEN for Latent Factor Models

We introduce a Bayesian approach to conduct inferential analyses on dyadic data while accounting for interdependencies between observations through a set of additive and multiplicative effects (AME). The AME model is built on a generalized linear modeling framework and is thus flexible enough to be applied to a variety of contexts. We contrast the AME model to two prominent approaches in the literature: the latent space model (LSM) and the exponential random graph model (ERGM). Relative to these approaches, we show that the AME approach is (a) to be easy to implement; (b) interpretable in a general linear model framework; (c) computationally straightforward; (d) not prone to degeneracy; (e) captures first-, second-, and third-order network dependencies; and (f) notably outperforms ERGMs and LSMs on a variety of metrics and in an out-of-sample context. In summary, AME offers a straightforward way to undertake nuanced, principled inferential network analysis for a wide range of social science questions.
Effect of individualized feedback on learning curves in EGD and colonoscopy: a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background and Aims Gastroenterology fellowships need to ensure that trainees achieve competence in upper endoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy. Because the impact of structured feedback remains unknown in endoscopy training, this study compared the effect of structured feedback with standard feedback on trainee learning curves for EGD and colonoscopy. Methods In this multicenter, cluster, randomized controlled trial, trainees received either individualized quarterly learning curves or feedback standard to their fellowship. Assessment was performed in all trainees using the Assessment of Competency in Endoscopy tool on 5 consecutive procedures after every 25 EGDs and colonoscopies. Individual learning curves were created using cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis. The primary outcome was the mean CUSUM score in overall technical and overall cognitive skills. Results In all, 13 programs including 132 trainees participated. The intervention arm (6 programs, 51 trainees) contributed 558 EGD and 600 colonoscopy assessments. The control arm (7 programs, 81 trainees) provided 305 EGD and 468 colonoscopy assessments. For EGD, the intervention arm (–.7 [standard deviation {SD}, 1.3]) had a superior mean CUSUM score in overall cognitive skills compared with the control arm (1.6 [SD, .8], P = .03) but not in overall technical skills (intervention, –.26 [SD, 1.4]; control, 1.76 [SD, .7]; P = .06). For colonoscopy, no differences were found between the 2 arms in overall cognitive skills (intervention, –.7 [SD, 1.3]; control, .7 [SD, 1.3]; P = .95) or overall technical skills (intervention, .1 [SD, 1.5]; control, –.1 [SD, 1.5]; P = .77). Conclusions Quarterly feedback in the form of individualized learning curves did not affect learning curves for EGD and colonoscopy in a clinically meaningful manner. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT02891304.)
Considering the nuclear option: Hidden benefits and social costs of nuclear power in the U.S. since 1970

Abstract Although burning fossil fuels has environmental consequences, many countries have switched away from nuclear power in favor of fossil-fuel fired electricity production after incidents at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima. This study estimates the substitution between nuclear and fossil-fuel fired electricity generation in the United States. Using an event-study framework, we leverage nuclear plant openings from 1970 to 1995 and forced nuclear plant outages from 1999 to 2014. Plant openings (nuclear outages) reduce (increase) monthly net coal-fired generation by approximately 200 GWh, implying a considerable reduction (increase) in emissions. We find that the substitution between nuclear and coal is not one-to-one, as has been assumed in prior literature. After establishing these stylized facts, we explore the potential underlying forces driving the observed substitution between coal and nuclear.
Transforming growth factor-alpha enhances alveolar epithelial cell repair in a new in vitro model

Alveolar epithelial type II cells are essential for regenerating an intact alveolar barrier after destruction of type I cells in vivo. The first objective of these experimental studies was to develop an in vitro model to quantify alveolar epithelial cell wound repair. The second objective was to investigate mechanisms of alveolar epithelial cell wound healing by studying the effects of serum and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) on wound closure. Primary cultures of rat alveolar type II cells were prepared by standard methods and grown to form confluent monolayers in 48 h. Then a wound was made by denuding an area (mean initial area of 2.1 +/- 0.6 mm2) of the monolayer. Re-epithelialization of the denuded area over time in the presence or absence of serum was measured using quantitative measurements from time-lapse video microscopy. The half time of wound healing was significantly enhanced in the presence of serum compared with serum-free conditions (2.4 +/- 0.2 vs. 17.4 +/- 0.8 h, P < 0.001). We then tested the hypothesis that TGF-alpha is an important growth factor for stimulating wound repair of alveolar epithelial cells. Exogenous addition of TGF-alpha in serum-free medium resulted in a significantly more rapid wound closure, and, furthermore, the addition of a monoclonal antibody to TGF-alpha in the presence of serum significantly decreased fourfold the rate of wound closure. Measurement of internuclear cell distance confirmed that both cell motility and cell spreading were responsible for closure of the wound. These data demonstrate that 1) the mechanisms of alveolar cell repair can be studied in vitro and that 2) TGF-alpha is a potent growth factor that enhances in vitro alveolar epithelial cell wound closure.
Engaging Men With BRCA-Related Cancer Risks: Practical Advice for BRCA Risk Management From Male Stakeholders:

Men are at risk for developing hereditary cancers such as breast, prostate, pancreatic, and melanoma due to a pathogenic germline variant in either the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene. The purpose of this study was to identify and provide practical advice for men managing their BRCA-related cancer risks based on men's real-life experiences. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 25 men who either tested positive for a pathogenic variant in BRCA1/2 gene or who had an immediate family member who had tested positive for a pathogenic variant in BRCA1/2. A thematic analysis of the interview transcripts was completed utilizing the constant comparison method. Qualitative analysis produced three categories of participant advice for men who recently learned of their hereditary cancer risk. Specifically, participants advised the following: (a) know the basics, (b) engage in the family narrative, and (c) advocate for yourself. Results showed the need for men to know and understand their BRCA cancer risks and communicate that genetic risk information to their family members and practitioners. In particular, the findings stress the importance of addressing men's risks and medical management from a family-focused approach. Overall, because men are historically undereducated about their BRCA-related cancer risks, this practical advice serves as a first step for men managing BRCA-related cancer risks and may ultimately assist them in making preventive and screening health behaviors.
The Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 or European Position Paper: Which Is More Indicative of Imaging Results?

ObjectiveThe 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) is a trusted measure of symptom severity in chronic rhinosinusitis. The European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis (EPOS) provides widely accept...
Counting primitive subsets and other statistics of the divisor graph of {1,2,…,n}

Abstract Let Q ( n ) denote the count of the primitive subsets of the integers { 1 , 2 … , n } . We give a new proof that Q ( n ) = α ( 1 + o ( 1 ) ) n for some constant α , which allows us to give a good error term and to improve upon the lower bound for the value of α . We also show that the method developed can be applied to many similar problems related to the divisor graph, including other questions about primitive sets, geometric-progression-free sets, and the divisor graph path-cover problem.
Abstract 14694: Coronary Artery Fistula Presenting With Complete Heart Block and Syncope

Introduction: Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is an anomalous connection between one or more coronary arteries and a cardiac chamber or great vessel. The incidence of coronary fistulas is estimated t...
Trastornos metabólicos no congénitos como causa de diabetes mellitus tipo 2

La diabetes mellitus es un trastorno en el que la glucemia (concentracion de azucar o glucosa en sangre) es excesivamente alta porque el organismo no segrega suficiente insulina para satisfacer su propia demanda. En nuestro medio, el consumo de alimentos ricos en carbohidratos y grasas, el sedentarismo, los malos habitos de vida y la falta de prevencion, dan lugar a la presencia de Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, por lo cual algunos pacientes empeoran su condicion fisica-metabolica. El objetivo del estudio, fue caracterizar el perfil glicemico de los pacientes con Diabetes mellitus Tipo 2, que acudieron al Hospital General Docente de Riobamba - 2018, mediante los datos encontrados en las historias clinicas y las pruebas de laboratorio realizadas (glicemia, trigliceridemia, colesterolemia, hemoglobina glicosilada), para correlacionarlos con sus estilos de vida y el cumplimiento de los tratamientos. La Metodologia empleada fue tipo analitico, experimental y correlacional, con enfoque mixto (cuantitativo y cualitativo) que tuvo como proposito medir el grado de relacion existente entre las variables de estudio, empleando para ello el calculo del factor de correlacion de Pearson.que permitio obtener los resultados en una poblacion de 80 pacientes. Resultados: Se encontro correlacion entre la perdida de complejidad del perfil glicemico y el aumento en los indices de exposicion glucemica (HbA1c) en los pacientes analizados. Conclusiones: La interpretacion de los resultados de laboratorio y su correlacion con los estilos de vida proporcionaron un criterio del desorden metabolico de los pacientes afectados con la Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2.
“Desencantarse del estado”: confrontando los límites del multiculturalismo neoliberal en Colombia

espanolLa adopcion de las politicas multiculturales por parte del estado colombiano en la decada de los noventa tuvo implicaciones de largo alcance para las luchas de comunidades negras e indigenas por la autodeterminacion y la autonomia. En un contexto de violencia generalizada asociada con el conflicto armado, las politicas multiculturales parecian ofrecer una aparente proteccion. Sin embargo, despues de casi tres decadas de reformas multiculturales, las comunidades negras e indigenas continuan enfrentando la violencia y el despojo a manos del estado, las corporaciones multinacionales, los narcotraficantes y otros grupos armados. Este articulo explora la dialectica de autonomia/inclusion con el fin de entender por que algunos movimientos sociales negros e indigenas se estan apartando de las politicas del reconocimiento estatal. EnglishThe Colombian government’s embrace of multicultural policies in the 1990’s had far-reaching implications for black and indigenous struggles for self-determination and autonomy. In the context of widespread violence associated with the armed conflict, multicultural policies seemed to offer a semblance of protection. However, after nearly three decades of multicultural reforms, black and indigenous communities continue to face disproportionate violence and dispossession at the hands of the state, multinational corporations, drug traffickers, and other armed groups. This article explores the autonomy/inclusion dialectic in order to understand why some black and indigenous social movements are turning away from the state’s recognitionpolicies.
Production, Capacity, and Liquidity of a Self-Financed Firm

This paper develops and analyzes a dynamic model of a selffinanced firm that optimizes its expected present value of dividends. Each period the firm faces stochastic market prices and investment yields, and chooses how much to produce, to invest in capacity expansion, to distribute as a dividend, and to retain as liquidity. We completely characterize the optimal policy and quantify the interdependence between the firmâ€™s operational and financial decisions caused by self-financing. The results are shown to invite an intuitive real-option interpretation.
The Effect of Measured Radiotherapy Dose on Intrathecal Drug Delivery System Function.

Objectives Radiation therapy (RT) and intrathecal drug delivery systems (IDDS) are often used concurrently to optimize pain management in patients with cancer. Concern remains among clinicians regarding the potential for IDDS malfunction in the setting of RT. Here we assessed the frequency of IDDS malfunction in a large cohort of patients treated with RT. Materials and methods Cancer patients with IDDS and subsequent RT at our institution from 2011 to 2019 were eligible for this study. Patients were excluded in the rare event that their IDDS was managed by an outside clinic and follow-up documentation was unavailable. Eighty-eight patients aged 22-88 years old (43% female, 57% male) representing 106 separate courses of RT were retrospectively identified. Patients received varying levels of radiation for treatment of cancer and cumulative dose to the IDDS was calculated. IDDS interrogation was subsequently performed by a pain specialist. Malfunction was recorded as deviation from the expected drug volume and/or device errors reported upon interrogation as defined by the manufacturer. Results Total measured RT dose to the IDDS ranged from 0 to 18.0 Gy (median = 0.2 Gy) with median dose of 0.04 Gy/fraction (range, 0-3.2 Gy/fraction). Ten pumps received a total dose >2 Gy and three received ≥5 Gy. Eighty-two percentage of patients had follow-up with a pain specialist for IDDS interrogation and all patients underwent follow-up with a healthcare provider following RT. There were zero incidences of IDDS malfunction related to RT. No patient had clinical evidence of radiation related pump malfunction at subsequent encounters. Conclusions We found no evidence that RT in patients with IDDS led to device failure or dysfunction. While radiation oncologists and pain specialists should coordinate patient care, it does not appear that RT dose impacts the function of the IDDS to warrant significant clinical concern.
Alongside gratitude and anguish

In this piece, I respond to Sarah Cervenak and Molly Farneth’s generous readings of Hope Draped in Black. Regarding Cervenak’s moving piece, “High Under The Pew,” I focus on the apposition of appar...
Where did my 256 GB go? A Measurement Analysis of Storage Consumption on Smart Mobile Devices

This work presents the first-ever detailed and large-scale measurement analysis of storage consumption behavior of applications (apps) on smart mobile devices. We start by carrying out a five-year longitudinal static analysis of millions of Android apps to study the increase in their sizes over time and identify various sources of app storage consumption. Our study reveals that mobile apps have evolved as large monolithic packages that are packed with features to monetize/engage users and optimized for performance at the cost of redundant storage consumption. We also carry out a mobile storage usage study with 140 Android participants. We built and deployed a lightweight context-aware storage tracing tool, called cosmos, on each participant's device. Leveraging the traces from our user study, we show that only a small fraction of apps/features are actively used and usage is correlated to user context. Our findings suggest a high degree of app feature bloat and unused functionality, which leads to inefficient use of storage. Furthermore, we found that apps are not constrained by storage quota limits, and developers freely abuse persistent storage by frequently caching data, creating debug logs, user analytics, and downloading advertisements as needed. Finally, drawing upon our findings, we discuss the need for efficient mobile storage management, and propose an elastic storage design to reclaim storage space when unused. We further identify research challenges and quantify expected storage savings from such a design. We believe our findings will be valuable to the storage research community as well as mobile app developers.
TRACE: Enterprise-Wide Provenance Tracking for Real-Time APT Detection

We present TRACE, a comprehensive provenance tracking system for scalable, real-time, enterprise-wide APT detection. TRACE uses static analysis to identify program unit structures and inter-unit dependences, such that the provenance of an output event includes the input events within the same unit. Provenance collected from individual hosts are integrated to facilitate construction of a distributed enterprise-wide causal graph. We describe the evolution of TRACE over a four-year period, during which our improvements to the system focused on performance, scalability, and fidelity. In this time span, the system call coverage increased (from 47 to 66) while the time and space overhead reduced by over one and two orders of magnitude, respectively. We also provide results from five adversarial engagements where an independent team of system evaluators conducted APT attacks and assessed system performance. The input from our system was used by three other teams to implement real-time APT detection logic. Retrospective analysis revealed that TRACE provided sufficient evidence to detect over 80% of the attack stages across all evaluations. By the last engagement, temporal and spatial overhead had been reduced significantly to 18% and 10%, respectively.
The Evolution of a National Response to Violence Against Women

The Violence Against Women Act of 1994 (VAWA 1994) was the first comprehensive legislative effort to create a national response to the epidemic of violence against women. VAWA 1994 had lofty goals, including shifting attitudes regarding violence against women through the creation of specific legal protections, improved enforcement, increased access to existing legal structures, funding for public education, training for service providers, and expanded services for victims. Today, almost twenty years later, we are at another critical juncture for the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA): consideration of the law’s reauthorization by Congress for the third time. The recent passage and signing of