cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A novel percutaneous technique for accessing the normal pericardium: a single-center successful experience of 53 porcine procedures.

Recently, the pericardial space has been under consideration as an ideal site for prevention and treatment of coronary artery and heart disease. Historically, safe percutaneous entry has not been possible to sample or remove pericardial fluids for diagnostic purposes or to employ therapeutic agents in the absence of a sizable pericardial effusion. A non-surgical percutaneous approach to permit rapid access to the normal or minimally effused pericardial space holds high potential for considerable diagnostic and therapeutic utility. This study examines the utility of the PerDUCER pericardial access device, a simplistic approach to permit percutaneous access to the normal, minimal or diseased pericardial space, in a large series of animals (swine). The PerDUCER , inserted through the introducer sheath in a sub-xiphoid position, allowed capture and delivery of the intrapericardial guidewire into the pericardial space in all animals. The procedure was well tolerated by all animals and exhibited no signs of significant adverse hemodynamic effects. Twelve animals were sacrificed immediately after the experiment, while 41 animals were sacrificed 28 days after the procedure. Histologic examination showed no occurrence of epicardial vessel or myocardial damage. In addition, no late complications were found related to pericardial access with the PerDUCER . This initial experiment demonstrates that the PerDUCER provides an efficient, safe and effective technique to gain pericardial access in the normal or minimal pericardial space to obtain diagnostic sampling of the pericardial fluids and renders local intrapericardial delivery of therapeutic agents a possibility.
Managing User Feedback: Knowing What to Build

Having a good backlog with product backlog items that have detailed descriptions and acceptance criteria is a huge step in the right direction. This will help your team know what to build and build it correctly. That doesn’t mean that things will always go as you hope. Figuring out what the customer really wants can be a difficult task. Sometimes you end up building the wrong thing. This costs time and money and damages the relationship with your stakeholders. Helping customers get a clear picture of what they want is difficult, but this chapter will help you by explaining how you can easily share ideas with your customers and get their feedback.
MO-DE-202-03: Image-Guided Surgery and Interventions in the Advanced Multimodality Image-Guided Operating (AMIGO) Suite

At least three major trends in surgical intervention have emerged over the last decade: a move toward more minimally invasive (or non-invasive) approach to the surgical target; the development of high-precision treatment delivery techniques; and the increasing role of multi-modality intraoperative imaging in support of such procedures. This symposium includes invited presentations on recent advances in each of these areas and the emerging role for medical physics research in the development and translation of high-precision interventional techniques. The four speakers are: (1)Keyvan Farahani, “Image-guided focused ultrasound surgery and therapy” (2)Jeffrey H. Siewerdsen, “Advances in image registration and reconstruction for image-guided neurosurgery” (3)Tina Kapur, “Image-guided surgery and interventions in the advanced multimodality image-guided operating (AMIGO) suite” (4)Raj Shekhar, “Multimodality image-guided interventions: Multimodality for the rest of us” Learning Objectives: 1.Understand the principles and applications of HIFU in surgical ablation. 2.Learn about recent advances in 3D–2D and 3D deformable image registration in support of surgical safety and precision. 3.Learn about recent advances in model-based 3D image reconstruction in application to intraoperative 3D imaging. 4.Understand the multi-modality imaging technologies and clinical applications investigated in the AMIGO suite. 5.Understand the emerging need and techniques to implement multi-modality image guidance in surgical applications such as neurosurgery, orthopaedic surgery, vascular surgery, and interventional radiology. Research supported by the NIH and Siemens Healthcare.; J. Siewerdsen; Grant Support - National Institutes of Health; Grant Support - Siemens Healthcare; Grant Support - Carestream Health; Advisory Board - Carestream Health; Licensing Agreement - Carestream Health; Licensing Agreement - Elekta Oncology.; T. Kapur, P41EB015898; R. Shekhar, Funding: R42CA137886 and R41CA192504 Disclosure and CoI: IGI Technologies, small-business partner on the grants
Equity sensitivity versus egoism: A reconceptualization and new measure of individual differences in justice perceptions

Abstract Traditional research on equity sensitivity has defined the construct as a dispositional preference for increased work rewards and/or a preference for reduced work inputs. We note this classic definition is more consistent with the notion of egoism , and bears little conceptual relationship to equity sensitivity per se. In contrast, we here offer a redefinition of equity sensitivity as a dispositional tendency to perceive stimuli as fair versus unfair. In Study 1, a content validity analysis of the dominant equity sensitivity measure reveals that most items assess input/reward preferences (i.e., egoism), rather than a dispositional tendency to perceive things fairly. In Study 2, we develop a Neutral Objects Fairness Orientation (NOFO) questionnaire, which exhibits discriminant validity from the classic egoism-based equity sensitivity measure. Study 3 further validates the NOFO by demonstrating 3-month retest reliability and incremental validity over the traditional egoism-based measure in predicting justice perceptions. In addition, we show that the NOFO moderates/magnifies the relationship between frequency of evaluative work events and justice perceptions. Study 4 replicates results from previous studies and shows that equity sensitivity and egoism both predict employees' perceived behavioral contributions—but only equity sensitivity does so through a mechanism of justice perceptions.
Data-Driven Response Generation in Social Media

We present a data-driven approach to generating responses to Twitter status posts, based on phrase-based Statistical Machine Translation. We find that mapping conversational stimuli onto responses is more difficult than translating between languages, due to the wider range of possible responses, the larger fraction of unaligned words/phrases, and the presence of large phrase pairs whose alignment cannot be further decomposed. After addressing these challenges, we compare approaches based on SMT and Information Retrieval in a human evaluation. We show that SMT outperforms IR on this task, and its output is preferred over actual human responses in 15% of cases. As far as we are aware, this is the first work to investigate the use of phrase-based SMT to directly translate a linguistic stimulus into an appropriate response.
Getting into mitochondria

The human mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase isoenzymes (hGDH1 and hGDH2) are abundant matrix-localized proteins encoded by nuclear genes. The proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm, with an atypically long N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS). The results of secondary structure predictions suggest the presence of two α-helices within the N-terminal region of the MTS. Results from deletion analyses indicate that individual helices have limited ability to direct protein import and matrix localization, but that there is a synergistic interaction when both helices are present [Biochem. J. (2016) 473 , 2813–2829]. Mutagenesis of the MTS cleavage sites blocked post-import removal of the presequences, but did not impede import. The authors propose that the high matrix levels of hGDH can be attributed to the unusual length and secondary structure of the MTS.
Progress in understanding sheeting joints over the past two centuries

Abstract Sheeting joints share many geometric, textural, and kinematic features with other joints, but differ in that they are (a) discernibly curved, and (b) open near to and subparallel to the topographic surface. Where sheeting joints are geologically young, the surface-parallel compressive stresses are large, typically several MPa or greater. Sheeting joints typically are best developed beneath domes, ridges, and saddles. They also are reported beneath valleys or bowls. A mechanism that accounts for these associations has been sought for more than a century: the commonly subscribed explanation of erosion of overburden, by itself, is inadequate. Principles of fracture mechanics, together with the mechanical effects of a curved topographic surface experiencing a surface-parallel compression, provide a framework that accounts for the cardinal characteristics of sheeting joints. A compressive stress parallel to a convex topographic surface induces a tension perpendicular to the surface at shallow depths. In some cases, this combination alone can overcome the weight of overburden to open sheeting joints. Plausible distributions of water pressure in sheeting joints would help open and drive sheeting joints beneath valleys, saddles, and bowls. Thermal stresses help sheeting joints develop very near the ground surface. Sheeting joints thus appear to reflect an intricate fracture process primarily involving the shape, slope, and scale of the topography; the regional horizontal stresses; the effect of gravity; and groundwater pressure. Understanding how sheeting joints evolve in three dimensions through time remains an outstanding challenge and would illuminate their effect on landscapes, slope stability, and fluid flow.
A16 Exercise-induced brain repair in neurodegeneration: what can we learn from parkinson’s disease?

Epidemiological and clinical trials have suggested that exercise is beneficial for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the underlying mechanisms associated with these benefits and potential for disease modification are currently unknown. This presentation will address current findings from our laboratories in patients with PD and in a mouse model of dopamine depletion. The data indicate that alterations in both dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, induced by experience-dependent (exercise) processes, may mitigate the cortically driven hyper-excitability in the basal ganglia normally observed in the parkinsonian state. These insights have potential to identify novel therapeutic treatments capable of reversing or delaying disease progression in PD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
7.6 Biophysics of Bacterial Cell Growth and Division

Cellular functions are outcomes of complex protein assemblies interacting in space and time. Bacterial cell division is an example of this organization. The discovery of MinCDE oscillation in Escherichia coli is a recent demonstration of spatial and temporal patterns arising from seemly simple interacting components. The physics of the MinCDE system has been reviewed elsewhere, but the Min system seems to only exist to regulate another fascinatingly complex process: bacterial cytokinesis. A division organelle – the Z-ring – consisting of 10–20 gene products is responsible for cytokinesis, and every component of the Z-ring is dynamic throughout the cell cycle. While the functions of these components are presently not completely understood, the essential components have been identified, and some of their physical properties have been measured. Moreover, it is becoming clear that the bacterial cells utilize mechanical forces to regulate morphogenesis and division. The Z-ring exerts a contractile force that influences cell wall growth, and thus generating a division septum. This chapter discusses the physics behind bacterial cell wall growth and shape maintenance, the properties of FtsZ and its role in scaffolding and contraction during division. In the process, we hope to reveal the mechanisms that can quantitatively explain bacterial cytokinesis.
MicroRNA MultiTool: A Software for Identifying Modified and Unmodified Human microRNA Using Mass Spectrometry

microRNA (miRNA) are short endogenous non-coding RNA that play a crucial role in post-transcriptional gene regulation and have been implicated in the initiation and progression of 160+ human diseases. Excellent analytical methods have been developed for the measurement of miRNA by mass spectrometry. However, interpretation of mass spectrometric data has been an incapacitating bottleneck in miRNA identification. This study details the development of MicroRNA MultiTool, a software for the identification of miRNA from mass spectrometric data. The software includes capabilities such as miRNA search and mass calculator, modified miRNA mass calculator, and miRNA fragment search. MicroRNA MultiTool bridges the gap between experimental data and identification of miRNA by providing a rapid means of mass spectrometric data interpretation.
Chronic activation of hypothalamic oxytocin neurons improves cardiac function during left ventricular hypertrophy-induced heart failure.

Aims A distinctive hallmark of heart failure (HF) is autonomic imbalance, consisting of increased sympathetic activity, and decreased parasympathetic tone. Recent work suggests that activation of hypothalamic oxytocin (OXT) neurons could improve autonomic balance during HF. We hypothesized that a novel method of chronic selective activation of hypothalamic OXT neurons will improve cardiac function and reduce inflammation and fibrosis in a rat model of HF. Methods and results Two groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent trans-ascending aortic constriction (TAC) to induce left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy that progresses to HF. In one TAC group, OXT neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus were chronically activated by selective expression and activation of excitatory DREADDs receptors with daily injections of clozapine N-oxide (CNO) (TAC + OXT). Two additional age-matched groups received either saline injections (Control) or CNO injections for excitatory DREADDs activation (OXT NORM). Heart rate (HR), LV developed pressure (LVDP), and coronary flow rate were measured in isolated heart experiments. Isoproterenol (0.01 nM-1.0 µM) was administered to evaluate β-adrenergic sensitivity. We found that increases in cellular hypertrophy and myocardial collagen density in TAC were blunted in TAC + OXT animals. Inflammatory cytokine IL-1β expression was more than twice higher in TAC than all other hearts. LVDP, rate pressure product (RPP), contractility, and relaxation were depressed in TAC compared with all other groups. The response of TAC and TAC + OXT hearts to isoproterenol was blunted, with no significant increase in RPP, contractility, or relaxation. However, HR in TAC + OXT animals increased to match Control at higher doses of isoproterenol. Conclusions Activation of hypothalamic OXT neurons to elevate parasympathetic tone reduced cellular hypertrophy, levels of IL-1β, and fibrosis during TAC-induced HF in rats. Cardiac contractility parameters were significantly higher in TAC + OXT compared with TAC animals. HR sensitivity, but not contractile sensitivity, to β-adrenergic stimulation was improved in TAC + OXT hearts.
Stacked power module with integrated thermal management

Current power electronics devices are unable to realize their full capabilities due to the challenges of standard planar packaging including heat dissipation, reliability and parasitic inductance. This work aims to address all of these challenges simultaneously, thus creating a revolutionary approach to power packaging which significantly improves overall capability. The new approach stacks power devices between copper layers with an integrated heat sink. By stacking devices, the module is no longer constrained by the limitations of planar packaging; however it is limited by the ability to remove heat which is solved by integrating heat sinks directly in contact with both the top and bottom of each die. The key-enabling feature of this packaging approach is the multi-functional components (MFCs) which act as electrical, thermal and mechanical attachments concurrently. This co-designed approach aims to eliminate single function components such as wirebonds and heat sinks whose sole purpose is electrical conduction or heat removal, respectively, and replace them with MFCs. This work describes the fabrication of the module and also shows thermal, fluid, and mechanical modeling results. The modeling showed a total package thermal resistivity of 0.25 K-cm2/W. This new power module configuration has the potential to significantly reduce size, weight and cost while improving reliability and performance.
Measurement and Data

In this chapter, you will deal with content-practice, teaching, and learning issues relevant to the Measurement and Data (MD) domain from kindergarten (K) through grade 5 of the CCSSM. The measurement clusters build on multiplicative structures, while the data clusters focus on ways in which data can be organized and reasonably interpreted around well-defined structures.
A resonant Bi-directional buck-boost converter with distributed voltage stress using eGaN HEMTs

A resonant bi-directional dc-dc converter using enhancement Gallium Nitride High Electron Mobility Transistors (eGaN HEMTs) is proposed in this paper, in which multi-level configuration is used to reduce the voltage stress across switches. The multi-level structure is realized by utilizing the modular switched-capacitor technique. In addition to the low voltage stress, the soft switching is achieved by adding a resonant branch to each switches-capacitor cell that shapes the current waveform in a quasi-resonant mode. To satisfy the requirements for hybrid electrical vehicles application, in terms of high power density and high efficiency, GaN power transistors are used in the proposed converter. GaN devices have smaller on-resistance and gate charge leading to lower conduction loss and gate charge power dissipation. Since the turn-off losses dominate the power losses in high-frequency dc-dc converters, zero-current-switching is provided to decrease the turn-off losses of switches. The modularity of proposed converter enables the designer to employ the converter for high voltage application by selecting the number of modules. To validate the proposed modular topology a 2 kW laboratory prototype is built.
Biofouling-Resistant Platinum Bimetallic Alloys

A new electrosynthetic approach for the fabrication of three-dimensional bicontinuous nanoporous platinum-based (3D-BC-NP-Pt(Au)) electrodes is described. Binary Pt–Ag alloys are first electrodeposited on gold substrates from appropriately formulated plating solutions. Following annealing and dealloying, a new family of nanoporous platinum-based electrodes emerges whose morphology, porosity, and chemical compositions depend on electrodeposition parameters and plating solution composition. Scanning electron microscopy images reveal an interesting and distinctive nanoporous gold-like microstructure with pores and ligaments in the 10–30 nm range arranged in a bicontinuous fashion throughout the thickness of the film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms that the as-formed electrodeposited films are silver-rich platinum binary alloys. Interestingly, XPS also reveals that after annealing and dealloying, the electrodes are actually ternary alloys containing platinum, gold, and a small amount of resid...
Crises and Old Age Policy

The theme of crisis is a central motif resonating throughout the contemporary U.S. welfare state that is particularly salient for old age politics and policy. To understand these issues, analysis must attend to crisis construction and crisis management by the state and the role of other interests and actors in the economic, political, and civil sectors of society.
RNA Metabolism in Human Brain During Aging and in Alzheimer’s Disease: Rna Synthesis in the Nuclei Isolated from Postmortem Brain Tissue

One of the major hindrances to carrying out the molecular research on the Alzheimer’s Disease has been the absence of a satisfactory animal model. For this reason, we previously employed postmortem human brain tissue to probe the mechanism(s) responsible for the development of the brain lesions characteristic of AD pathology (Sajdel-Sulkowska et al. 1983a; 1983b; 1988a; Salim et al. 1988, Zain et al. 1988). As an extension of these earlier investigations, we explored the possibility of RNA synthesis in the postmortem human brain tissue directly. Such a possibility was suggested by several lines of experiments indicating preservation of specific cellular structures and functions up to 40 hours following the death (Berg et al., 1974; McKeown, 1978; Shishkin and Nikitina, 1977; Spokes 1978; SajdelSulkowska et al. 1988a). The ability to measure the RNA synthesis in the human tissue directly is of a potential significance since altered transcriptional process has been implicated in AD brain by in vitro studies (Lewis et al. 1981; Marotta et al. 1986) and low levels of protein synthesis observed in living patients with Alzheimer’s disease (Bustany et al. 1981, 1983).
A Layered Framework for Considering Open Science Practices

The open science movement, although not new to social science broadly, has gained momentum recently within communication science. In response, journals in our field have begun encouraging open scie...
A Commission to Steer the Enterprise

As Maurice Muller tells the story, the origin of AO’s Technische Kommission (TK), or Technical Commission, goes back to a need to ensure quality control: once producers received exclusive rights to produce the AO Instrumentarium from Synthes AG Chur, a process needed to be instituted to assure that all such implants and instruments produced and sold by the producers, Mathys and Straumann, were properly approved by the AO and its surgeons.
Suggestive hatching

We present a method for drawing lines on an object that depict both the shape and shading of the object. To do so, we construct a gradient field of the diffuse intensity of the surface to guide a set of adaptively spaced lines. The shape of these lines reflect the lighting under which the object is being viewed and its shape. When the light source is placed at the viewer's location, these lines emanate from silhouettes and naturally extend Suggestive Contours. By using a hierarchical proximity grid, we can also improve the quality of these lines as well as control their density over the image. We also provide a method for detecting and removing ridge lines in the intensity field, which lead to artifacts in the line drawings.
HEMODYNAMICS IN A PATIENT WITH CONCOMITANT AORTIC STENOSIS AND HYPERTROPHIC OBSTRUCTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY

In patients with combined findings of calcific aortic stenosis (AS) and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), determining the major contributor to symptoms and the transaortic gradient can be a challenge 70 year old woman presents for evaluation of severe dyspnea on exertion. Coronary
Modeling the Oxygen Activation Chemistry of Methane Monooxygenase and Ribonucleotide Reductase

The authors review two different aspects of their work concerned with modeling enzymes responsible for the activation of dioxygen: (i) design of a non-heme diiron-O{sub 2} adduct, and (ii) synthesis of high-valent bis({mu}-oxo)diiron reaction intermediates. The authors propose structures for intermediates in the methane monooxygenase and the ribonucleotide reductase R2 reaction cycles. 53 refs., 9 figs.
Administration of testosterone from day 13 of the estrous cycle to estrus increased the number of corpora lutea and conceptus survival in gilts

The effects of exogenous androgens on the number of corpora lutea (CL) and conceptus survival were examined in crossbred gilts. In Exp. 1, gilts received 1 mg of testosterone per day from d 13 (d 0 = first day of estrus, n = 21) or d 16 until estrus (n = 23). Gilts in the vehicle group received corn oil (n = 20). Gilts were mated and on d 11.5 their concepti and CL were evaluated. In Exp. 2, conceptus survival was examined at the 4- to 8-cell, early blastocyst or hatching blastocyst stages for gilts given vehicle or 1 mg testosterone from d 13 (24 gilts per group). In Exp. 3, gilts received 1 mg of androstenedione (n = 20) or vehicle (n = 18) per day from d 13 to estrus and then were mated and evaluated on d 11.5. Results from Exp. 1 indicated that the number of CL was greater (P .05) in number of normal concepti at the 4- to 8-cell and hatching stages. However, prior treatment with testosterone delayed conceptus death ; gilts treated with testosterone had more (P .10) the number of CL or the number and recovery rates of d-11.5 blastocysts. Treating gilts with testosterone from d 13 of the estrous cycle to the following estrus increased the number of CL and blastocyst survival, perhaps by improving some, as yet unknown, aspect(s) of oocyte quality.
Evaluating emergency-release blood transfusion of newborn infants at the Intermountain Healthcare hospitals.

BACKGROUND An emergency-release blood transfusion (ERBT) protocol (uncrossmatched type O-negative red blood cells, AB plasma, AB platelets) is critical for neonatology practice. However, few reports of emergency transfusions are available. We conducted an ERBT quality improvement project as a basis for progress. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS For each ERBT in the past 8 years, we logged indications, products, locations and timing of the transfusions, and outcomes. RESULTS One hundred forty-nine ERBTs were administered; 42% involved a single blood product, and 58% involved two or more. The incidence was 6.25 ERBT per 10,000 live births, with a higher rate (9.52 ERBT/10,000) in hospitals with a Level 3 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (p < 0.001). Seventy percent of ERBTs were administered in a NICU and 30% in a delivery room, operating room, or emergency department. Indications were abruption/previa (32.2%), congenital anemia (i.e., fetomaternal hemorrhage; 15.4%), umbilical cord accident (i.e., velamentous insertion; 15.0%), and bleeding/coagulopathy (12.8%). Fifty-eight percent of those with hemorrhage before birth did not have a hemoglobin value reported on the umbilical cord gas; thus, anemia was not recognized initially. None of the 149 ERBTs were administered using a blood warmer. The mortality rate of recipients was 35%. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, we recommend including a hemoglobin value with every cord blood gas after emergency delivery to rapidly identify fetal anemia. We also discuss two potential improvements for future testing: 1) the use of a warming device for massive transfusion of neonates and 2) the use of low-titer group O cold-stored whole blood for massive hemorrhage in neonates.
Whole-House Fire Blanket Protection From Wildland-Urban Interface Fires

Each year, fires in the wildland-urban interface (WUI)—the place where homes and wildlands meet or intermingle—have caused significant damage to communities. To contribute to firefighter and public safety by reducing the risk of structure ignition, fire blankets for wrapping a whole house have been investigated in the laboratory and prescribed wildland fires. The fire blankets aim to prevent structure ignition (1) by blocking firebrands to enter homes through vulnerable spots (gutters, eaves, vents, broken windows, and roofs); (2) by keeping homes from making direct contact with flames of surrounding combustibles (vegetation, mulch, etc.); and (3) by reflecting thermal radiation from a large fire within close range (adjacent burning houses or surface-to-crown forest fires) for a sustained period of time. In the laboratory experiment, two-layer thin fabric assemblies were able to block up to 92 % of the convective heat and up to 96 % of the radiation (with an aluminized surface). A series of proof-of-concept experiments were conducted by placing instrumented wooden structures, covered with different fire blankets, in various fires in ascending order of size. First, birdhouse-sized boxes were exposed to burning wood pallets in a burn room. Second, wall-and-eaves panels were exposed to prescribed fires climbing up slopes with chaparral vegetation in California. Finally, a cedar shed was placed in the passage of the prescribed head fire in the Pine Barrens in New Jersey. The experiments demonstrated both successful performance and technical limitations of thin fire blankets. The key success factors in protecting the WUI structure are (1) the fire blanket’s heat-blocking capability, (2) endurance under severe heat-exposure high-wind conditions, and (3) proper installation. Additional studies are needed in the areas of advanced material/layer development, blanket deployment methods, and multi-structure protection strategies.
Considering sex and gender in Alzheimer disease and other dementias

Suffering related to dementia is multifaceted because cognitive and physical functioning slowly deteriorates. Advanced age and sex, two of the most prominent risk factors for dementia, are not modifiable. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol use, and poor diet modulate susceptibility to dementia in both males and females. The degree to which the resulting health conditions (eg, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease) impact dementia risk varies by sex. Depending on the subtype of dementia, the ratio of male to female prevalence differs. For example, females are at greater risk of developing Alzheimer disease dementia, whereas males are at greater risk of developing vascular dementia. This review examines sex and gender differences in the development of dementia with the goal of highlighting factors that require further investigation. Considering sex as a biological variable in dementia research promises to advance our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of these conditions.
Acute myeloid leukaemia and the immune system: implications for immunotherapy

The recognition of the curative potential of the graft-versus-leukaemia effect for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) undergoing stem cell transplantation, and the emergence of immunotherapy as a powerful weapon to treat cancer, has spurred the exploration of the immune landscape of AML to apply immunotherapeutic approaches to curing the disease. While current concepts of cancer immunology and immunotherapy have relevance, there are also unique aspects of immune dysregulation in AML to be considered when designing rational immunotherapy for this leukaemia. This is timely because rapid advances in cancer immunobiology, together with technological developments have opened up the field of immunotherapy for malignant disease. Here the current knowledge of AML immunobiology is summarized together with a description of new immunotherapies to counter immunosuppression and immune evasion by AML. Recent advances in treatment with recombinant antibodies, adoptive cell therapy and vaccines and their future promise in AML treatment are reviewed.
Understanding and interpreting PRRSV diagnostics in the context of "disease transition stages".

Abstract Herein we review broad issues that affect test performance for agents that produce persistent infections. Using PRRSV as an example, the relationship between “disease transition stages” and “diagnostic transition stages” is discussed using meta-analyses of diagnostic data (n = 4307 results) from the refereed literature to highlight the key issues. Although diagnostic technology will continue to improve, it may be concluded from the analysis that there can be no single best diagnostic approach; rather, the choice of specimen and test must be tailored to the specific testing objective. In most cases, meeting the testing objective(s) will require the use of more than one assay and/or specimen type.
Phase Ib clinical trial of OKN-007 in recurrent malignant glioma.

2538Background: Despite therapeutic advances, the median overall survival for patients with recurrent, high-grade gliomas remains poor. Thus, there is an urgent need for efficacious new therapies. ...
A Fast LP-Based Approach for Robust Dynamic Economic Dispatch Problem: A Feasible Region Projection Method

The robust optimization based dynamic economic dispatch (DED) model has been extensively studied to address uncertainties of net loads induced by renewable energy resource variabilities and demand fluctuations. However, the robust DED model is computationally expensive, when solved by the column-and-constraint generation (CCG) approach that iterates between a master problem and a max-min subproblem. This letter proposes a feasible region projection-based approach to equivalently reformulate the robust DED as a single-level linear programming (LP) model that can be effectively solved while guaranteeing solution optimality. Numerical studies show the proposed approach is one order of magnitude faster than CCG.
Can a PbCrO4 Photoanode Perform as Well as Isoelectronic BiVO4

Oxide-based photoelectrodes recently have been at the forefront of research for photoelectrochemical water splitting. While most oxide-based photoanodes suffer from severe electron–hole recombinati...
Two-temperature preparation method for PDMS-based canine training aids for explosives

Abstract Canine training aids based on vapor capture-and-release into a flexible polymer, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), have been used for in canine detection of explosives that have volatile or semi-volatile odorants. To enhance the rate of odor capture for less volatile targets, two temperatures are used for aid preparation. By using an elevated temperature for the target explosive, the amount of vapor is enhanced, increasing the production of the characteristic odor profile. The polymeric adsorbent is maintained at a cool temperature, favoring vapor capture. The success of this two-temperature approach is demonstrated for training aids targeting the low volatility explosive TNT using SPME (solid-phase microextraction) headspace analysis. In addition, the effect of using two temperatures on preparing training aids based on TNT and its more volatile impurities 2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT are evaluated in canine trials. A thermal pretreatment to minimize the non-target odors in the PDMS polymer is presented.
Evaluations of candidates’ non-policy characteristics from issue positions: Evidence of valence spillover

Abstract Why do most winning candidates adhere to partisan orthodox positions? While some prior work has examined how issue positions signal candidate ideology, this paper instead focuses on how candidate issue positions affect evaluations of valence. In light of important inferential limitations in using the correlation between observed candidate positions and electoral performance to assess voter responses, we present a large-scale candidate vignette experiment that reveals issue positions affect perceptions of non-ideological characteristics. Candidates with only one of three positions that stray from the “typical” position for their party – being too extreme, bipartisan, or ideologically unusual – are perceived as less effective legislators. This suggests party-consistency may be reinforced by the electorate through changes in perceived valence, and that the observed correlation between candidate performance and issue positions might arise for reasons apart from ideology.
Ways of Hearing [Book Reviews]

The book presents an account of how aspects of sound we might not value or even notice have gone missing in the shift from analog recordings and receivers to mp3s, cell phones, streaming services, and, yes, even podcasts. On its surface, this seems in keeping with the emergence of nostalgic trends in musical listening: the hipster resurrection, say, of LPs as sonically rich, visually cool artifacts of their (grand)parents’ youth. The book offers a philosophical reckoning with what a fundamental media transition has meant for our ears and minds. The author wants the reader to understand what has been left behind in the shift from analog noise to digital signal, not only in the technical sense of discarding discs and tapes for the compressed bits that have been shorn of arguably extraneous sounds, but also in a humane sense, where the absences register as lost opportunities in shared experiences. While each chapter takes up a specific angle on this shift, all of them ruminate in one way or another on the ways that the acts of recording music and listening to recordings have become less social and more isolating. Perhaps the most obvious question this book provokes is: why did this need to be published at all? The original podcast, after all, would appear to be the perfect form for the subject of audio in transition. What more could a (silent) book achieve? As it turns out, Ways of Hearing anticipates this question and provides an answer, courtesy of Emily Thompson, in an “Interlude” in between the first and second of Krukowski’s chapters. Here, Thompson cleverly reflects on the status of the text itself. Reading the podcast, Thompson writes, “resolve[s] the paradox produced by” it because when we read it, with our ears unplugged from the earbuds through which the digitally- rendered version entered our own heads, we allow ourselves to be open to whatever natural or mechanical sound or voice disturbs or interrupts or situates us in real time. Experiencing this podcast on the page allows us to “reclaim the lost noise of the digital soundscape and maintain [our] place in the social networks that sustain us all.” More than just an elegant justification for the appearance of Ways of Hearing in book form, this also serves to vindicate the distinctive sonic and social value of the printed word, that tenacious throwback of a medium that remains a way of hearing with and against the sounds of our modern noisy world.
Modeling poliovirus replication dynamics from live time-lapse single-cell imaging data

Viruses experience selective pressure on the timing and order of events during infection to maximize the number of viable offspring they produce. Additionally, they may experience variability in cellular environments encountered, as individual eukaryotic cells can display variation in gene expression among cells. This leads to a dynamic phenotypic landscape that viruses must face to replicate. To examine replication dynamics displayed by viruses faced with this variable landscape, we have developed a method for fitting a stochastic mechanistic model of viral infection to time-lapse imaging data from high-throughput single-cell poliovirus infection experiments. The model’s mechanistic parameters provide estimates of several aspects associated with the virus’s intracellular dynamics. We examine distributions of parameter estimates and assess their variability to gain insight into the root causes of variability in viral growth dynamics. We also fit our model to experiments performed under various drug treatments and examine which parameters differ under these conditions. We find that parameters associated with translation and early stage viral replication processes are essential for the model to capture experimentally observed dynamics. In aggregate, our results suggest that differences in viral growth data generated under different treatments can largely be captured by steps that occur early in the replication process.
Aphasia in Multilingual Patients.

We summarize recent published work concerning assessment and treatment of aphasia in bilingual and multilingual people and review current related models of treatment outcomes. As well, we discuss studies that address the recently debated topic of cognitive processes in bilingual individuals with aphasia, with a focus on the effects of bilingualism on aphasia recovery and its potential protective effects. Providing assessment and treatment tools that best serve multilingual individuals with aphasia and unpacking the variables and mechanisms that underlie response to treatment have emerged as goals of several recent studies. Additionally, while findings are still contradictory, some empirical studies reported that aphasia may manifest less severely in multilingual individuals and may improve faster compared to in monolingual counterparts. The findings of recent studies with the focus of aphasia in multilingual individuals are crucial to understanding theoretical and clinical aspects of brain-related language impairment in multilingual people and to the study of language representation and processing in the brain.
Psychology and Education

Psychology and Education provides a user-friendly introduction to educational psychology. The book covers psychological theories and their practical applications in education. Susan Bentham has written an ideal guide to this topic for students studying the OCR A-Level specification. The book will also be relevant to those studying the EdExcel specification and to those with a general interest in education and learning. The book covers the cognitive, behaviourist and humanistic perspectives on learning, including the work of Piaget, Vygotsky, Bruner and others, and describes the practical applications of these theories. The assessment of educational performance is covered and the cultural and developmental factors affecting performance are discussed. Chapters on the special educational needs of the educationally disadvantaged and gifted, and disruptive behaviour in school are included, with sections on ADHD, autism and dyslexia. The book also discusses teaching and learning styles, and the design and layout of educational environments.Psychology and Education requires little or no background knowledge and makes an ideal introduction for students of psychology, trainee teachers, child carers and anyone who is interested in what is happening in today's schools.
Security Multilateralism: Progress and Paradox

The evolution of security multilateralism away from the vision of one central apparatus need not, however, be viewed as a failure of international organization. Today, states and non-state actors alike invoke international law and norms, rely on the broader UN-based functions of security multilateralism, and rationalize their actions within the framework of processes and rules governing security multilateralism - even when they act outside the UN. The institutions of security multilateralism have proven flexible enough to accommodate the ongoing dialogue within the international community about the content of the rules governing the use of force and the effectiveness of collective security responses. The perfection of international security multilateralism may never be achievable, but the political and legal project of perfecting international security - including through institutional reform - should remain at the center of the project of international organization. Keywords: central apparatus; institutional reform; security multilateralism
Chapter 11. Phosphorylation of Nonhistone Chromosomal Proteins by Nuclear Phosphokinases Covalently Linked to Agarose

Publisher Summary Phosphorylation of nuclear proteins has been implicated in the control of gene expression. With increasing interest in nuclear protein phosphorylation, the availability of agarose-coupled protein kinase activity has become desirable. The method of attaching phosphoprotein kinase activity to the commercially available activated agarose, Affi Gel 10, as described in this chapter is an extremely effective procedure. The lack of harsh chemicals or extreme pH and the quick coupling time are extremely important for retaining activity of the rather sensitive nuclear protein kinases. By using partially purified nuclear phosphoproteins instead of total nonhistone chromosomal proteins for the source of nuclear protein kinase activity, the resulting agarose–protein kinase column is relatively free of protease or phosphatase activity. Moreover, a small amount of protein leakage occurs. Hence, nuclear protein kinases attached to agarose offer valuable tools for the study of nuclear protein phosphorylation with numerous applications.
IL-8 inhibits bortezomib-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells (1010.2)

Proteasome inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy in a number of human cancers, including ovarian cancer, one of the most lethal human cancers. Bortezomib (BZ) is the first FDA approved pro...
Clotho: decoupling memory page layout from storage organization

As database application performance depends on the utilization of the memory hierarchy, smart data placement plays a central role in increasing locality and in improving memory utilization. Existing techniques, however, do not optimize accesses to all levels of the memory hierarchy and for all the different workloads, because each storage level uses different technology (cache, memory, disks) and each application accesses data using different patterns. Clotho is a new buffer pool and storage management architecture that decouples in-memory page layout from data organization on non-volatile storage devices to enable independent data layout design at each level of the storage hierarchy. Clotho can maximize cache and memory utilization by (a) transparently using appropriate data layouts in memory and non-volatile storage, and (b) dynamically synthesizing data pages to follow application access patterns at each level as needed. Clotho creates in-memory pages individually tailored for compound and dynamically changing workloads, and enables efficient use of different storage technologies (e.g., disk arrays or MEMS-based storage devices). This paper describes the Clotho design and prototype implementation and evaluates its performance under a variety of workloads using both disk arrays and simulated MEMS-based storage devices.
MORE COMMON RADIONUCLIDE EXAMINATIONS IN CHILDREN: INDICATIONS FOR USE WITH A DISCUSSION OF RADIATION DOSE RECEIVED

In summary, we have reviewed briefly the pediatric uses of the more common radionuclide examination, and have noted the dose absorbed as related to both the age of the patient in µCi on mCi administered. In general the relatively low doses involved and the ease of the examination makes the radionuclide scan useful as a general survey examination in many conditions. In other circumstances, when justified by the clinical situation, it may prove of great benefit in differential diagnosis or in planning therapy and evaluating its results. To some degree, we have attempted to indicate to the clinician, in certain specific instances, when these examinations are most useful.
Forbidden lines and electron temperatures in gaseous nebulae

Electron temperatures of compact gaseous nebulae such as planetaries may be derived from radio-frequency data combined with isophotic contours accurately corrected for resolution effects, from the continuum jump at the Balmer limit and other features of the nebular continuum, and from forbidden line ratios.
Saturated high-repetition soft X-ray lasers at wavelengths down to 13.9 nm in Ni-like ions

Saturated tabletop lasers between 18.9 and 13.9 nm operating at 5 Hz repetition rate are demonstrated from Nickel-like transitions. The results were obtained utilizing a picosecond laser heating pulse of only 1 J.
Paleomagnetism of Sediment Cores from Cedarburg Bog, Wisconsin, and a Comparison with Cores from Lake Michigan

Abstract Four 10-m sediment cores from the Cedarburg Bog, Wisconsin, were collected for paleomagnetic measurement and carbon-14 dating. The paleomagnetic records for these cores are self consistent, with the intensity record affording the best correlation. These results are compared with sediment cores from Lake Michigan. The two sets of cores are unmistakably correlatable on the basis of intensity. The inclination correlation also shows common long and short wavelength features. On the basis of this correlation, we date certain member boundaries of the Lake Michigan Formation as follows: Waukegan–Lake Forest, 5,500 years B.P.; Lake Forest–Winnetka, 7,800 years B.P.; and Winnetka–Sheboygan, 9,700 years B.P.