cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A microtext corpus for persuasion detection in dialog

Automatic detection of persuasion is essential for machine interaction on the social web. To facilitate automated persuasion detection, we present a novel microtext corpus derived from hostage negotiation transcripts as well as a detailed manual (codebook) for persuasion annotation. Our corpus, called the NPS Persuasion Corpus, consists of 37 transcripts from four sets of hostage negotiation transcriptions. Each utterance in the corpus is hand annotated for one of nine categories of persuasion based on Cialdini's model: reciprocity, commitment, consistency, liking, authority, social proof, scarcity, other, and not persuasive. Initial results using three supervised learning algorithms (Naive Bayes, Maximum Entropy, and Support Vector Machines) combined with gappy and orthogonal sparse bigram feature expansion techniques show that the annotation process did capture machine learnable features of persuasion with F-scores better than baseline.
Time, Narrative, and Cultural Action

Disorderly Discourse: Narrative, Conflict, and Inequality. Charles L. Briggs. ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. 302 pp.
The effects of acute exercise on sleep: a quantitative synthesis.

We used meta-analytic methods to examine the influence of acute exercise on sleep. Thirty-eight studies were reviewed yielding 211 effects on 401 subjects. Mean effect sizes were calculated for sleep onset latency (SOL), stage 2, slow-wave sleep (SWS), rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, REM latency (REM-L), total sleep time (TST), and wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO). Moderating influences of subject fitness, heat load, exercise duration, time of day, associated light environment (i.e. indoor or outdoor), sleep schedule, and the scientific quality of the studies were examined. Effect sizes for SWS, REM, REM-L, and TST were moderate [0.18-0.52 standard deviation (SD)] and their associated 95% confidence intervals did not include zero. Exercise duration and time of day were the most consistent moderator variables. In contrast with previous hypotheses, heat load had little influence on sleep. The results of our quantitative synthesis of the literature are inconsistent with previous narrative reviews (1,2) which suggested that exercise elicits larger changes in sleep than those quantified in this meta-analysis. A major delimitation of published studies on the effects of acute exercise has been an exclusive focus on good sleepers. Hence, the effects we report herein may be underestimates of the efficacy of exercise for enhancing sleep among people with sleep disturbances.
Geology of the orogenic Cheminis gold deposit along the Larder Lake – Cadillac deformation zone, Ontario

The Larder Lake – Cadillac deformation zone (LLCDZ) is one of two major, auriferous, deformation zones in the southern Abitibi subprovince of the Archean Superior Province. It hosts the Cheminis an...
Characterization of inner product spaces in V- and L-spaces

In [4], Freese and Murphy introduce a new class of spaces, the V-spaces, which include Banach spaces, hyperbolic spaces, and other metric spaces. In this class of spaces they investigate conditions which are equivalent to strict convexity in Banach spaces, and extend some of the Banach space results to this new class of spaces. It is natural to ask if known characterizations of real inner product spaces among Banach spaces can also be extended to this larger class of spaces. In the present paper it will be shown that a metrization of an angle bisector property used in [3] to characterize real inner product spaces among Banach spaces also characterizes real inner product spaces among V-spaces, and among another class of spaces, the L-spaces, which include hyperbolic spaces and strictly convex Banach spaces. In the process it is shown that in a complete, convex, externally convex metric space M, if the foot of a point on a metric line is unique, then M satisfies the monotone property, thus answering a question raised in [4].
Prodynorphin- and substance P-containing neurons project to the medial preoptic area in the male Syrian hamster brain.

Abstract To determine if substance P- or prodynorphin-containing neurons of the medial nucleus of the amygdala and medial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis send projections to the medial preoptic area in the male Syrian hamster, we placed a fluorescent retrograde tract tracer (either Fluoro-gold, or rhodamine- or fluorescein-impregnated latex microspheres) into the medial preoptic area. Five to seven days later, the animals were treated with colchicine, allowed to survive for 48 h and the brains were processed for immunofluorescence histochemistry. Tissue sections were incubated in either rat anti-substance P or rabbit anti-C-peptide (the C-terminal sequence of dynorphin B1–29) antiserum followed by incubation in either fluorescein-or rhodamine-conjugated anti-rabbit or anti-rat antiserum. When the injection site of retrograde tracer was centered within the caudal one-third of the medial preoptic area, labeled cell bodies were observed caudally in the medial part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Retrogradely labeled cell bodies were also observed in the posterodorsal subdivision of the medial nucleus of the amygdala. Both prodynorphin and substance P immunolabeling were observed in retrogradely labeled neurons in these two areas but fewer of these projection neurons were immunolabeled with substance P antiserum than with C-peptide antiserum. These projections may play a role in the peptidergic modulation of reproductive behavior in this species.
Bronchoalveolar casting using formalin‐fixed canine lungs and a low viscosity silicone rubber

A method for creating tough, flexible, bronchoalveolar casts from formalin-fixed canine lung is described. A lung was washed using simple methods and fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin. While still wet with formalin, an intact lobe was injected with silicone sealant, Silsastic 734 RTV (Room Temperature Vulcanizing), using a caulk gun. Following digestion with protease and corrosion with potassium hydroxide, a bronchoalveolar cast was recovered giving detail as shown using scanning electron microscopy or conveniently seen by stereo light microscopy. This method should be useful for micro-anatomy studies of normal and diseased lungs. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Two-nucleon transfer to T-mixed states in /sup 16/O

In a comparison of the reactions /sup 14/N(t,p) to the g.s. quadruplet of /sup 16/N and /sup 14/N(/sup 3/He,p) to the dominantly T = 1 analogs in /sup 16/O, only the 2/sup -/ levels have the expected cross-section ratio: sigma (/sup 3/He,p)/sigma (t,p) = 0.5. The cross sections for 0/sup -/ and 3/sup -/ levels of /sup 16/0 are reduced by a further factor of 2. Direct-reaction calculations are unable to reproduce the results.
Molecular Characterization of Myelin Protein Zero in Xenopus laevis Peripheral Nerve: Equilibrium between Non-covalently Associated Dimer and Monomer.

Abstract Myelin protein zero (P0), a glycosylated single-pass transmembrane protein, is essential in the formation and maintenance of peripheral nervous system (PNS) compact myelin. P0 in Xenopus (xP0) exists primarily as a dimeric form that remains stable after various physical and chemical treatments. In exploring the nature of the interactions underlying the dimer stability, we found that xP0 dimer dissociated into monomer during continuous elution gel electrophoresis and conventional SDS-PAGE, indicating that the dimer is stabilized by non-covalent interactions. Furthermore, as some of the gel-purified monomer re-associated into dimer on SDS-PAGE gels, there is likely a dynamic equilibrium between xP0 dimer and monomer in vivo. Because the carbohydrate and fatty acyl moieties may be crucial for the adhesion role of P0, we used sensitive mass spectrometry approaches to elucidate the detailed N -glycosylation and S- acylation profiles of xP0. Asn92 was determined to be the single, fully-occupied glycosylation site of xP0, and a total of 12 glycans was detected that exhibited new structural features compared with those observed from P0 in other species: (1) the neutral glycans were composed mainly of high mannose and hybrid types; (2) 5 of 12 were acidic glycans, among which three were sialylated and the other two were sulfated; (3) none of the glycans had core fucosylation; and (4) no glucuronic acid, hence no HNK-1 epitope, was detected. The drastically different carbohydrate structures observed here support the concept of the species-specific variation in N -glycosylation of P0. Cys152 was found to be acylated with stearoyl (C18:0), whereas palmitoyl (C16:0) is the corresponding predominant fatty acyl group on P0 from higher vertebrates. We propose that the unique glycosylation and acylation patterns of Xenopus P0 may underlie its unusual dimerization behavior. Our results should shed light on the understanding of the phylogenetic development of P0's adhesion role in PNS compact myelin.
Zero-residual-energy, single-axis slew of flexible spacecraft using thrusters - Dynamics approach

By examining the phase plane response of an elastic mode to a sequence of step torques, the paper first shows that if the half-slew time is an integer times the modal period, a flexible spacecraft can be slewed with zero residual energy in one critical mode. Because this stipulation cannot be met for an arbitrary slew angle and slew acceleration, two intervening pul: 3S of equal width for undamped mode, and of unequal width for damped mode, are shown to be required to achieve two goals at once: 1) slew the spacecraft by the desired angle, and 2) have zero residual energy in a critical elastic mode. Using elementary structural dynamics, easily solvable analytical relationships are developed among the rest-to-rest maneuver angle, slew acceleration, slew time, widths of the intervening pulses, natural frequency of the critical mode, and its damping coefficient. This minimum-time, zero-residual-energy, single-axis slew is illustrated on a spacecraft with two solar arrays. In addition, the assumption of only one elastic mode being critical is carefully examined. To bring cohesion between this work and the works in the past, the place of this contribution is identified. Finally, to bring an arbitrary rigid and elastic modai state of a flexible spacecraft to the origin, a conceptual, discrete control scheme using thrusters is suggested.
Prolonged infusion of amino acids increases leucine oxidation in fetal sheep.

Maternal high-protein supplements designed to increase birth weight have not been successful. We recently showed that maternal amino acid infusion into pregnant sheep resulted in competitive inhibi...
Comparing treatment‐induced changes for k independent samples of paired observations

In a recent paper, MARASCUILO [19] has provided an asymptotic solution to the important question on how to test for differences in change parameters when paired observation of binary type (+, -) have been made on two or more independent samples of individuals. In this article, an alternative approach is presented implying asymptotic as well as exact tests for changes. They are based on pre-post test designs from clinical research and allow for controlled evaluation of one treatment modality as well as for comparing 2 or more than 2 treatment modalities. The rationale of the tests is based on McNEMARS [21] test for paired binary observations in one, two, or k samples.
Peer modeling effects in the smoking behavior of teenagers

Modeling influences on adolescent smoking behavior were investigated. Twenty-eight male and twenty-eight female teenagers were exposed to each of three experimental conditions: a male smoking confederate, a female smoking confederate, and no model present. The order of each of these half-hour long conditions was counterbalanced across subjects. Three aspects of smoking behavior were directly observed: number of cigarettes smoked, number of puffs per cigarette, and duration of each cigarette. The presence of a smoking model increased the number of people who smoked and the number of cigarettes smoked and decreased the number of puffs per cigarette. The sex of the model did not affect the smoking behavior of either male or female subjects. Boys tended to smoke more cigarettes than girls (p < .06) and boys took significantly more puffs per cigarette than did girls in the model present conditions. The results provide experimental confirmation that modeling influences teenagers' smoking behavior, but the rate of smoking in the absence of a model demonstrates that modeling effects cannot account for the maintenance of smoking.
Powered instrumentation in laryngeal surgery

The recent use of powered microdebriders in laryngeal surgery has significantly altered the surgical management of supraglottic lesions. We have successfully used these microresectors to treat more than 40 pediatric patients with respiratory papillomas, vocal cord lesions, or vallecular disease. Before positioning the patient with the Lewy suspension system (Pilling, Fort Washington, PA), direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy are often performed. This enables determination of the extent of disease and identification of important landmarks before operative intervention. Once the patient is properly suspended and the larynx is adequately visualized, the operating microscope may be positioned, allowing the lesion to be thoroughly resected under direct visualization. Some advantages this technique offers over the use of CO 2 laser include (1) greater flexibility in selection of anesthesia/ventilation; (2) lower risk of thermal injury to the larynx; and (3) lower intraoperative personnel and equipment expenses.
Too close to see: men, women, and webcams

Internet studies researchers should consider how internet spectators are addressed and encouraged to engage. In this article, I offer some basic comments about internet spectatorship and present a detailed analysis of the ways in which spectatorship operates in the women’s webcam form. Webcam spectators may have less control than they expect because women webcam operators exert authority and achieve agency through their visibility. Feminist considerations of spectatorship and the gaze offer important methods for considering these representations, and suggest how viewing positions are being revised. Spectators are in a position that has been associated with women and is believed to be undesirable because of their nearness to the computer screen. The cultural and technological reconceptualization of spectatorship and the particular aspects of women’s webcams offer some unique opportunities to intervene in the ways that looking at and categorizing bodies produces gender and sexual difference.
Post‐traumatic stress disorder and the Canadian Vietnam veteran

The study of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among Vietnam veterans has long been a topic of research interest. A recent trend has been to study this disorder among selected subgroups of veterans such as Blacks, Hispanics, and females. Another group which has not been studied includes the thousands of Canadians who fought in Vietnam as part of the U.S. military. Research on these Canadian Vietnam veterans has now been conducted to determine how they have fared since the war compared to U.S. Vietnam veterans. Data on PTSD prevalence rates, differences in societal reactions, and the effects of isolation, rejection, and hostility on subsequent readjustment are presented for a sample of 164 Canadian Vietnam veterans. Survey data are discussed in terms of implications for intervention to reduce the high rates of PTSD noted for these veterans.
High voltage control and monitoring system for proportional chambers

A description is given of a system that has been built and operated for distributing high voltage to 2000 channels of proportional chambers in the gas calorimeters of the CDF detector. The system consists of CAMAC-based controllers and distribution modules in the Rabbit hardware standard developed at Fermilab. Current monitoring to 1 nA and remote disconnect are available on each channel. >
Spinal Cord Stimulation for the Treatment of Vascular Pathology

Multiple studies have shown proved efficacy of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in peripheral vascular disease (PVD). The exact mechanism by which SCS acts in the treatment of PVD is not completely understood, and may include stimulating the release of nitric oxide, modulation of the sympathetic nervous system, or modulation of prostaglandin production. Patient selection criteria have been well defined and SCS should be reserved for patients with end-stage lower limb PVD unresponsive to medical therapy and not amenable to surgical reconstruction but in whom disease has not caused inevitable limb loss. This article reviews the outcomes, techniques, patient selection criteria, and putative mechanisms of SCS for PVD.
Photo-electrochemical hydrogen generation using band-gap modified nanotubular titanium oxide in solar light

Abstract Anodization of Ti in acidified fluoride solution results in an ordered nanotubular titanium oxide surface. In this study, vertically oriented arrays of TiO 2 nanotubes were prepared by incorporating nitrate and phosphate species during the anodization process. These nanotubes were annealed at 650 °C in a carbonaceous atmosphere using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) furnace for a brief period. The carbon-modified nanotubular TiO 2 produced a photo-current density of more than 2.75 mA cm −2 at 0.2 V Ag/AgCl under solar light illumination. This photo-current density corresponds to a hydrogen evolution rate of about 11 l h −1 using a photo-anode of 1 m 2 area. The enhanced hydrogen evolution behavior of carbon-modified nanotubular TiO 2 is highly reproducible and sustainable for long duration. Annealed (at 350 °C in nitrogen atmosphere) TiO 2 nanotubes showed improved photo-activity as compared to the as-anodized or thermally oxidized TiO 2 photo-anodes.
The American Psychological Association Graduate Student Ethics Prize

The American Psychological Association (APA) Ethics Committee and the American Psychological Association of Graduate Students (APAGS) created the graduate student ethics prize to promote ethics awa...
Mammalian production of an isotopically enriched outer domain of the HIV-1 gp120 glycoprotein for NMR spectroscopy

NMR spectroscopic characterization of the structure or the dynamics of proteins generally requires the production of samples isotopically enriched in 15N, 13C, or 2H. The bacterial expression systems currently in use to obtain isotopic enrichment, however, cannot produce a number of eukaryotic proteins, especially those that require post-translational modifications such as N-linked glycosylation for proper folding or activity. Here, we report the use of an adenovirus vector-based mammalian expression system to produce isotopically enriched 15N or 15N/13C samples of an outer domain variant of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein with 15 sites of N-linked glycosylation. Yields for the 15N- and 15N/13C-labeled gp120s after affinity chromatography were 45 and 44 mg/l, respectively, with an average of over 80% isotope incorporation. Recognition of the labeled gp120 by cognate antibodies that recognize complex epitopes showed affinities comparable to the unlabeled protein. NMR spectra, including 1H-15N and 1H-13C HSQCs, 15N-edited NOESY-HSQC, and 3D HNCO, were of high quality, with signal-to-noise consistent with an efficient level of isotope incorporation, and with chemical shift dispersion indicative of a well-folded protein. The exceptional protein yields, good isotope incorporation, and ability to obtain well-folded post-translationally modified proteins make this mammalian system attractive for the production of isotopically enriched eukaryotic proteins for NMR spectroscopy.
A Random Tree Model Associated with Random Graphs

Grow a tree on n vertices by starting with no edges and successively adding an edge chosen uniformly from the set of possible edges whose addition would not create a cycle. This process is closely related to the classical random graph process. We describe the asymptotic structure of the tree, as seen locally from a given vertex. In particular, we give an explicit expression for the asymptotic degree distribution. Our results an be applied to study the random minimum-weight spanning tree question, when the edge-weight distribution is allowed to vary almost arbitrarily with n.
Analysis of ARPES of high-Tc superconductors

Abstract Recent high-resolution angle resolved photoemission spectra for the high-temperature superconductors are analyzed on the basis of a Fermi-liquid theory of highly correlated metals. Due to the presence of large manybody effects, the region over which typical Landau Fermi-liquid properties hold is small. The spectrum is dominated by the self-energy variation over an intermediate range of energies, and in this region the spectrum bears a close resemblance to that found in the phenomenological marginal Fermi-liquid theory of Varma and coworkers.
Large IR focal plane array characterization for GOES

Remote sensing of the atmosphere and surface of the earth is performed by the Imager and Sounder instruments onboard the GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) Satellites. The current versions of these instruments have two and four detectors per band, respectively, that are scanned across the earth. Large photovoltaic, Hg1-xCdx Te Focal Plane Arrays (FPAs) will permit faster coverage, improved resolution, and improved sensitivity for future designs like the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) and the Advanced Baseline Sounder (ABS). However, the transition away from the current small number of detectors requires a technology demonstration of the same or better radiometric precision and uniformity across available FPAs. These measurements, using appropriate flux levels, f-numbers, and readout rates for GOES, are underway at MIT Lincoln Laboratory. Both corrected response from pixel to pixel (residual spatial non-uniformity) and temporal stability of each pixel during the calibration period are required to better than 0. 1 K NEdT. The test set-up and the measurements of dark current and signal performance will be discussed for two arrays.
A NONSPECIFIC PYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE DIAPHORASE FROM SPINACH.

Abstract A diaphorase which can employ either TPNH or DPNH as the reductant has been purified from spinach leaves. Preparations of the enzyme, which were estimated to be 90% pure by ultracentrifugal analysis, were unable to catalyze a transhydrogenase reaction between the pyridine nucleotides or either nucleotide and its analogs. The diaphorase which appears to be a flavoprotein catalyzes the reduction of menadione, indophenol dyes, and ferricyanide, but does not catalyze the reduction of flavin mononucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide, or cytochrome c.
Ability of small-scale tests to predict full-scale smoke production

In testing the smoke production by interior finish materials, an attempt was made to correlate the results of a number of standard and nonstandard tests. Comparison of full-scale results and test results indicates that very limited correlation exists.
Numerical simulation of anomalous penetrant diffusion in polymers

This work introduces a new numerical algorithm that can be used to analyze complex problems of penetrant transport. Penetrant transport in polymers often deviates from the predictions of Fick's law because of the coupling between penetrant diffusion and the polymer mechanical behavior. This phenomenon is particularly important in glassy polymers. This leads to a model consisting of two coupled differential equations for penetrant diffusion and polymer stress relaxation, respectively. If the polymer relaxation is the rate-limiting step, both the concentration and stress profiles are very steep. A new algorithm based on a finite difference method is proposed to solve the model equations. It features the development of a tridiagonal iterative method to solve the nonlinear finite difference equations obtained from the finite difference approximation of the differential equations. This method was found to be efficient and accurate. Numerical simulation of penetrant diffusion in glassy polymers was performed, showing that the integral sorption Deborah number is a major parameter affecting the transition from Fickian to anomalous diffusion behavior. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Wind-Wave Nonlinearity Observed at the Sea Floor. Part II: Wavenumbers and Third-Order Statistics

Abstract This is Part 2 of a study of nonlinear effects on natural wind-generated surface gravity waves in 13-m depth, 30 km offshore of Virginia. At the sea floor in this depth, free surface gravity waves are only weakly attenuated at sea and swell frequencies (0.05–0.30 Hz) but are very strongly attenuated at frequencies higher than about 0.35 Hz. Hence, above 0.35 Hz, relatively long wavelength forced waves, excited by nonlinear interactions between directionally opposing free wind waves, are exposed at the sea floor. An array of pressure transducers at middepth was used to estimate the frequency-directional spectrum of (free) primary sea and swell waves, and the associated (forced) secondary pressure fluctuations were measured with an array on the sea floor. In Part 1, it was shown that forced-wave energy levels at the sea floor increase sharply in response to directionally opposing wind waves, in agreement with weakly nonlinear theory. In Part 2, wavelengths, propagation directions, and non-Gaussian ...
An investigation of possible immunologic reactions to human serum albumin used as a stabilizer in allergy extracts

Abstract Two hundred fifteen patients who had received allergy immunotherapy for at least 1 year with an extract preparation containing 0.03% human serum albumin (HSA) were tested for evidence of an immunologic reaction to HSA by immediate skin testing. Sera from 39 of these subjects and from control subjects were studied in a microtiter enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for anti-HSA antibodies. The 39 subjects' sera were examined by immunoelectrophoretic analysis for evidence of "tailing albumin" indicative of HSA bound to immunoglobulins. All studies were negative. We conclude that in these patients HSA-containing allergy extracts used in immunotherapy failed to induce the production of specific antibodies against HSA. This suggests that HSA was a safe extract stabilizing agent for allergy extracts in these representative allergic patients.
Unusual monosubstitution-monodechlorination product in the reaction of 1,8-dichloroanthraquinone with (S)-(−)-2-(tetrahydropyranyloxy)-1-propanol

Abstract Treatment of 1,8-dichloroanthraquinone with ( S )-(−)-2-(tetrahydropyranyloxy)-1-propanol in the presence of NaH in THF gave monosubstituted-monodechlorinated product 2 and the desired 1,8-disubstituted product 1 . Molecular mechanics calculations and 1 H NMR experiments suggest that the tetrahydropyranyl group in the side chain of monosubstituted-monochloro product 3 binders the second reaction site and the Na + cation interacts with the oxygen atoms of the side chain and ketone function allowing the hydride anion access to the second reaction site.
Response of the antral mucosa of the rat stomach to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) produces a striking hypergastrinemia in rats that is thought to mediate the antiatrophy effect of TCDD on the oxyntic gland mucosa of the stomach. However, effects of TCDD on the antral mucosa, which is the origin of most physiologically released gastrin and is not a target for the trophic action of gastrin, has yet to be thoroughly investigated. Also gastrin release from gastrin-containing cells (i.e., G-cells) in the antral mucosa is inhibited by the paracrine secretion of somatostatin from D-cells in the antrum. Our purpose was to determine if the antral mucosa is affected by the trophic influence of TCDD and if alterations in antral mucosa levels of gastrin or somatostatin cause the hypergastrinemia. TCDD (100 micrograms/kg, Day 14 post-treatment) had a trophic effect on the antral mucosa. This was demonstrated histologically and by significant increases in antral wet weight and antral mucosa height. In contrast, pair-fed control rats that lost the same amount of body weight developed antral mucosa atrophy. With respect to serum and antral levels of gastrointestinal hormones, TCDD produced a 7- to 10-fold increase in serum gastrin concentrations that was not detected until Day 14 post-treatment. In contrast, serum gastrin concentrations in pair-fed control rats were comparable to those of control rats. The number of G-cells in the antral mucosa was not affected by either TCDD treatment or paired-feed restriction. These findings demonstrate that hypergastrinemia in TCDD-treated rats is not caused by reduced feed intake or antral G-cell hyperplasia. A major finding was that antral mucosa levels of both gastrin and somatostatin were decreased significantly in TCDD-treated rats. However, the temporal development and dose-dependence of these TCDD effects on antral hormone levels were quite different than those for hypergastrinemia. TCDD-induced decreases in antral levels of gastrin and somatostatin were detected 1 week earlier than hypergastrinemia. Also, the ED50 of TCDD on Day 14 post-treatment for the decrease in antral mucosa content and concentration of gastrin (29 and 22 micrograms/kg, respectively) and somatostatin (24 and 19 micrograms/kg, respectively) was less than that for hypergastrinemia (46 micrograms/kg). These time- and dose-dependent differences demonstrate that hypergastrinemia in TCDD-treated rats is not a consequence of reduced antral levels of gastrin or somatostatin. We conclude that the antral mucosa, an epithelial tissue not responsive to the proliferative effect of gastrin, is nevertheless a target for the trophic influence and gastrointestinal hormone-altering effects of TCDD.
Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy of thin films

Abstract Conventional Raman measurements of dyes in the visible region exhibit resonant effects which enhance the Raman scattering cross-section of the chromophores by several orders of magnitude but make scattering from other parts of the molecules, such as the hydrocarbon chains, unobservable. Taking advantage of the benefits inherent to Fourier transform (FT) spectroscopy, Raman spectra can now be measured routinely with an FT IR spectrometer and a continuous wave Nd:YAG laser. By coupling the laser excitation into a thin film waveguide, we have recently observed FT Raman spectra of a thin film of polystyrene. The advantages of using integrated optics with FT Raman spectroscopy for Langmuir-Blodgett films of dye molecules are also discussed.
Software defined elastic optical networking in temporal, spectral, and spatial domains

This paper discusses architecture, protocol, technologies, systems, and networking testbed for software-defined elastic optical networking in temporal, spectral, and spatial domains. By exploiting the progress in elastic optical networking (EON) in temporal and spectral domains utilizing dynamic optical arbitrary waveform generation and measurement technologies, and by extending the EON concept into the spatial domain through the new orbital angular momentum-based spatial division multiplexing, we realize EON exploiting elasticity in temporal, spectral, and spatial domains (3D-EON). Routing, spectral, spatial mode, and modulation format assignment with fragmentation awareness as well as hitless defragmentation for high capacity, high quality of service, and resource-efficient networking will be pursued. OpenFlow-based 3D-EON testbed at UC Davis includes optical supervisory channel with optical performance monitoring for software-defined networking with an adaptive observe-analyze-act cycle.
Corrosion of E-glass fibers in acidic environments

This study is concerned with the corrosion behavior of E-glass fibers exposed to oxalic, hydrochloric, nitric and sulfuric acids. The results reveal that acid corrosion of E-glass fibers is primarily attributed to calcium and aluminum ion depletion. The leachability of these metallic ions is not only determined by the hydrogen ion concentration but also strongly affected by the anions in the acids. The formation of insoluble salts or complex ions between the anions in oxalic and sulfuric acids and calcium and aluminum ions leached out from the glass accelerates fiber corrosion considerably. Furthermore, acid corrosion may generate axial or spiral cracks on the fiber surface, depending on acid type and concentration. In this study, an ion-depletion-depth model is proposed to explain the mechanisms of fiber surface cracking; the axial crack formation is most likely associated with a larger ion-depletion depth than the spiral crack formation.
Burn wound infection

Abstract : Ninety-seven of 763 patients admitted to a burn center during a 3-year period had histologically confirmed bacterial or fungal burn wound invasion. Nine of these 97 patients survived and 88 died. Burn wound infection was the principal cause of death in 57 patients and was diagnosed perimortem in an additional 31 patients but was not judged to be the primary cause of death. Pseudomonas aeruginosa continues as the most frequent offending organism. The variety of mycotic and bacterial organisms identified, however, suggests that the compromise of the host is the critical factor, and not any particular microorganism. A variety of combinations of treatments are described: the selection of treatment depends upon the type and extent of infection.
Adverse effects of postoperative infusion of shed mediastinal blood

Background Postoperative infusion of shed mediastinal blood has been used in an effort to decrease blood usage after cardiac operations. Recent experience has suggested that this practice may actually lead to a delayed increase in bleeding. Methods In a prospective, randomized study, 40 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with shed mediastinal blood collected in a cardiotomy reservoir were divided into two equal groups and studied during their first 4 hours in the intensive care unit. Shed mediastinal blood was directly infused in group I (n = 20), whereas in group II (n = 20), it was not. In group II, if a sufficient volume of red cells was present to allow processing (n = 5), washed red cells were infused. Variables studied before and after infusion were the amount of blood lost and infused, homologous blood transfused, complete blood count and differential, serum fibrinogen, fibrin split products, D-dimers, clotting factors, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thromboelastograms, plasma-free hemoglobin, complement factors C3 and C4, creatine kinase and its MB isoenzyme, and body temperature. Results After infusion of shed mediastinal blood, elevated levels of fibrin split products and D-dimers were found in significantly more patients in group I. The thromboelastogram index was normal in 76% of patients in group II but in only 12.5% in group I. Group I also had an increase in band neutrophils, a greater number of febrile patients, higher serum levels of creatine kinase, its MB isoenzyme, and plasma-free hemoglobin, and greater blood loss during hours 3, 4, and 5 in the intensive care unit. The volume of red cells in shed mediastinal blood (hematocrit, 9% to 10%) was small, resulting in clinically insignificant autotransfusion when infused directly, and insufficient for cell processing in most patients. Conclusions These data support those in previous studies that direct infusion of shed mediastinal blood does not save substantial amounts of autologous red cells and can cause a delayed coagulopathy and other adverse effects that may be harmful to patients postoperatively.
Co-localization of acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase in the rat cerebrum.

Abstract Acetylcholinesterase-histochemistry has been widely used for localizing cholinergic neurons despite specificity problems. The distribution of cells stained with this method has never been directly compared on a histochemical level with the specific cholinergic marker, choline acetyltransferase. We recently reported the immunohistochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase using monoclonal antibodies [Levey A. I., Armstrong D., Atweh S. F., Terry R. D. & Wainer B. H. (1983) J. Neurosci.3, 1–9]. Here we report the development of a combined histochemical and immunohistochemical method for the co-localization of the 2 cholinergic markers, and their comparison in the rat cerebrum. Although the precise relationship between the markers was complex, the important results were: (1) all neurons which contained choline acetyltransferase also contained some acetylcholinesterase; (2) many acetylcholinesterase-containing neurons did not contain any demonstrable choline acetyltransferase; (3) all neurons which stained intensely for acetylcholinesterase in the neostriatum and basal forebrain also contained choline acetyltransferase; and (4) many choline acetyltransferase-containing neurons did not stain intensely for acetylcholinesterase. The results corroborate the assumption that choline acetyltransferase is a more specific marker for cholinergic neurons than acetylcholinesterase. Intense staining for acetylcholinesterase can be reliably used in some regions of the cerebrum for identifying cholinergic neurons, however, it should be recognized that this criterion is not essential for all cholinergic neurons.
Dinitrogen and nitrous oxide emission and entrapment in Spartina alterniflora saltmarsh soils following addition of N-15 labelled ammonium and nitrate

Sediment cores were collected from a Spartina alterniflora saltmarsh (dormant season) located in Barataria Basin, Louisiana, U.S.A. Highly N-15 labelled NH4+ and NO3− sources were added and gaseous emission and entrapment of 15N2 and N2O resulting from nitrification/denitrification in the flooded sediments were investigated over 33 days. Denitrification of the surface-applied NO3− was rapid and significantly higher on all sampling dates compared with 15N2 emissions from the NH4+ treated sediment surfaces. Significant concentrations of 15N2 and N2O were entrapped in the NO3− treated sediments as compared with very low values of 15N2 and N2O accumulation in the sediment receiving added NH4+. Ratios of N2N2O ranged from 3 to 250 with the lower ratios measured over the first 11 days. At the conclusion of the study, approximately 23% of the added 15NO3−N remained in the sediment columns compared with 90% for the 15NH4+N treatments.
Geographic monoterpene variability of Pinus albicaulis

Wood of 24 populations of P. albicaulis (243 trees) sampled throughout its geographic range was analysed for monoterpenes. Californian populations were separated from the rest on the basis of higher 3-carene levels, while Rocky Mountain populations were segregated from the northwestern populations on the basis of higher limonene levels. Populations from southern Oregon were intermediate between the California and northwestern populations. Diversification of the eastern and western populations is explained by the effect of low, more arid regions during the Tertiary and Quaternary; that of the California populations is most likely due to the loss of genes during interglacial range contractions. The diversification found militates against evolution of the species from a recently arrived P. albicaulis ancestor from Asia.
Eosinophils in mucosal immune responses

Eosinophils, multifunctional cells that contribute to both innate and adaptive immunity, are involved in the initiation, propagation, and resolution of immune responses, including tissue repair. They achieve this multifunctionality by expression of a diverse set of activation receptors, including those that directly recognize pathogens and opsonized targets, and by their ability to store and release preformed cytotoxic mediators that participate in host defense, to produce a variety of de novo pleotropic mediators and cytokines, and to interact directly and indirectly with diverse cell types, including adaptive and innate immunocytes and structural cells. Herein, we review the basic biology of eosinophils and then focus on new emerging concepts about their role in mucosal immune homeostasis, particularly maintenance of intestinal IgA. We review emerging data about their development and regulation and describe new concepts concerning mucosal eosinophilic diseases. We describe recently developed therapeutic strategies to modify eosinophil levels and function and provide collective insight about the beneficial and detrimental functions of these enigmatic cells.
Clinical trials update. 2013: year in review.

This section of Headache annually reviews the status of recently completed and ongoing major clinical trials involving common headache disorders. The review will focus on multicenter trials of new therapies, as well as novel formulations of previously approved therapeutics. Table 1 summarizes the major therapeutic headache trials that are ongoing at the present time, according to data obtained from both the "ClinicalTrials.Gov" website and from corporate press releases and presentations.
Morphine inhibits TRH-induced intestinal transit increases.

Abstract The current study examined the effects of intraperitoneal (IP) and intracisternal (IC) administration of the opiate agonist, morphine, and an opioid, central beta-endorphin, on thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)-induced small intestinal transit increases. Anesthetized rats, 14-day and older, were studied to determine age-related differences. Results showed that in all age groups IP morphine (2 mg/kg) blocked TRH (15 μg)-induced increases in transit of a charcoal bolus. Morphine 1 μg and beta-endorphin 1 μg administered IC in 0.6 μl failed to block TRH (10 μg)-induced increases in intestinal transit in 14-day-old rats. However, both morphine and beta-endorphin 1 μg IC blocked TRH-induced increases in adult rats. Dose-response studies demonstrated that higher doses (> 1 μg) of morphine IC were required to block TRH-induced increases in preweaning rats.
Selecting weak bonding sites: effect of a methyl group in the acetylene-polyyne interaction

Abstract There are two distinct types of attractive sites for weak bonding of acetylene to a polyyne. Ab initio calculations carried out for these sites for several acetylene–polyyne dimers show that methylation noticeably changes their energetic ordering. This selection of one site over another on the basis of a functional group substitution can be understood, in part, from features of the electrostatic interactions.
A “partial reinforcement-extinction effect” in a perceptual-motor task

The resemblance of the effects “knowledge of results” (KR) in perceptual-motor-skills learning and those of reward or reinforcement in instrumental conditioning have long been noted. In the present study, an attempt was made to determine if intermittent on partial KR (PKR) enhanced “resistance to extinction” (RE) in a manner similar to the partial-reinforcement effect (PRE) in instrumental conditioning. Results indicated that PKR during the initial trials on a rotary-pursuit task did significantly enhance the “willingness” of Ss to continue to perform on that task as opposed to Ss who received initial, consistent KR. This result was interpreted as analogous to the PRE in instrumental conditioning.
Reconfigurability consideration design of components and manufacturing systems

A manufacturing system should be able to produce a variety of components at a low cost and in a short period of time. In this paper, manufacturing system reconfigurability in agile manufacturing is discussed. The reconfiguration of a manufacturing system is analysed based on the relationship of component routes, material handling costs, reconfiguration cost, and so on. Components with similar routes are selected in an early design stage in order to minimise the number of machines to be relocated. The variety of resources required is reduced by a proper selection of components and manufacturing processes for system reconfiguration. An algorithm for selection of components and manufacturing resources is developed.
Dimensional analysis applied to detergency

Six fundamental soil and surfactant variables of the detergency process have been combined by dimensional analysis into a complete and valid set of three dimensionless products which represent the mechanism by a diagram comprising a family of curves of two of the products at fixed values of the third. Five soils and six surfactants have been combined into eighteen soil-surfactant systems to validate the dimensional analysis. The dependent parameter of soil removal, normally viewed as dimensionless, was assigned the dimensions of mass times length following more subtle considerations of the mechanism. This means of representing the detergency process is a considerable improvement over the previously established transcendental relationships of selected groups of soil-surfactant systems (2).
Evolutionary relationships among the malate dehydrogenases

Abstract The three-dimensional structures and elements essential for catalysis are conserved between mitochondrial and cytoplasmic forms of malate dehydrogenase in eukaryotic cells even though these isozymes are only marginally related at the level of primary structure. The high degree of similarity between amino acid sequences of eukaryotic mitochondrial and Escherichia coli malate dehydrogenases may thus reflect evolutionary pressure to retain structural elements for functions other than catalysis.
Experiencing the Future: Kantian Thoughts on Husserl

Attempting to understand our experience of time we confront two images. On the one hand, our experience is depicted as awareness of the present which itself is but an instantaneous, point-like event, one which is forever eluding our grasp.
Gene expression and DNA repair in progeroid syndromes and human aging

Human progeroid syndromes are caused by mutations in single genes accelerating some but not all features of normal aging. Most progeroid disorders are linked to defects in genome maintenance, and while it remains unknown if similar processes underlie normal and premature aging, they provide useful models for the study of aging. Altered transcription is speculated to play a causative role in aging, and is involved in the pathology of most if not all progeroid syndromes. Previous studies demonstrate that there is a similar pattern of gene expression changes in primary cells from old and Werner syndrome compared to young suggesting a presence of common cellular aging mechanisms in old and progeria. Here we review the role of transcription in progeroid syndromes and discuss the implications of similar transcription aberrations in normal and premature aging.
Positive Relationship between Signalling Time and Flight Capability in the Texas Field Cricket, Gryllus texensis

A trade-off between dispersal ability and reproduction is generally thought to explain the persistence of wing dimorphism in insects, although this trade-off has received minimal attention in male insects. Research on male sand cricket, Gryllus firmus, supports the trade-off hypothesis insofar as flight capable cricket’s spend significantly less time signalling for potential mates than their flightless counterparts. By contrast, here I show that this expected trade-off between signalling time and wing dimorphism does not exist in a male congener, the Texas field cricket (Gryllus texensis). In G. texensis, flight capable males signal twice as often as flightless males. Thus, unless male G. texensis express trade-offs between dispersal ability and other, presently unmeasured components of reproduction, the trade-off hypothesis may not explain the persistence of wing dimorphism in all male insects.