cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intersection of schizophrenia genetics and placental complications.

Genetic risk scores in schizophrenia are influenced by pregnancy complications that compromise the placenta, enhancing association of genes involved in metabolism and cellular stress with schizophrenia risk.
Characterization of Synthetic Polymers via Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry

There are many techniques that can be employed in the characterization of synthetic homopolymers, but few provide as useful of information for end group analysis as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). This tutorial demonstrates methods for optimization of the sample preparation, spectral acquisition, and data analysis of synthetic polymers using MALDI-TOF MS. Critical parameters during sample preparation include the selection of the matrix, identification of an appropriate cationization salt, and tuning the relative proportions of the matrix, cation, and analyte. The acquisition parameters, such as mode (linear or reflector), polarization (positive or negative), acceleration voltage, and delay time, are also important. Given some knowledge of the chemistry involved to synthesize the polymer and optimizing both the data acquisition parameters and the sample preparation conditions, spectra should be obtained with sufficient resolution and mass accuracy to enable the unambiguous determination of the end groups of most homopolymers (masses below 10,000) in addition to the repeat unit mass and the overall molecular weight distribution. Though demonstrated on a limited set of polymers, these general techniques are applicable to a much wider range of synthetic polymers for determining mass distributions, though end group determination is only possible for homopolymers with narrow dispersity.
Remote attestation of IoT devices via SMARM: Shuffled measurements against roving malware

Remote Attestation (RA) is a popular means of detecting malware presence on embedded and IoT devices. It is especially relevant to low-end devices that are incapable of protecting themselves against infection. Malware that is aware of ongoing or impending RA and aims to avoid detection can relocate itself during computation of the attestation measurement. In order to thwart such behavior, prior RA techniques are either non-interruptible or explicitly forbid modification of storage during measurement computation. However, since the latter can be a time-consuming task, this curtails availability of device's other (main) functions, which is especially undesirable, or even dangerous, for devices with time-and/or safety-critical missions. In this paper, we propose SMARM, a light-weight technique, based on shuffled measurements, as a defense against roving malware. In SMARM, memory is measured in a randomized and secret order. This does not impact device's availability — the measurement process can be interrupted, even by malware, which can relocate itself at will. We analyze various malware behaviors and show that, while malware can escape detection in a single attestation instance, it is highly unlikely to avoid eventual detection.
ON PREDICTING INFRAGRAVITY ENERGY IN THE SURF ZONE

Flow data were obtained in the surf zone across a barred profile during a storm. RMS cross-shore velocities due to waves in the infragravity band (wave periods greater than 20 s) had maxima in excess of 0.5 m/s over the bar crest. For comparison to measured spectra, synthetic spectra of cross-shore flow were computed using measured nearshore profiles. The synthetic spectra were calculated assuming a white runup spectrum of mode-4 edge waves of unit amplitude, although the results would be essentially the same for standing waves or any edge-wave mode above 2. The structure, in the infragravity band, of these synthetic spectra corresponded reasonably well with the structure of the measured spectra. Total variances of measured cross-shore flow within the infragravity band were nondimensionalized by dividing by total infragravity variances of synthetic spectra. These nondimensional variances were independent of distance offshore and increased with the square of the breaker height. Thus, cross-shore flow due to infragravity waves can be estimated with knowledge of the nearshore profile and incident wave conditions.
Mass Generation Mechanism in Supersymmetric Composite Model with Three Generations

We propose a supersymmetric composite model with three generations in which supersymmetry and electroweak symmetry are broken dynamically, and masses of quarks and leptons are generated without introducing any mass scales by hand. All the mass scales in the model are expected to be generated dynamically. The mechanism to have mass hierarchy is explicitly described, although the roughly estimated mass spectrum of quarks and leptons does not exactly coincide with the realistic one.
Ethyl 2-[2-(4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl)phen­oxy]acetate

In the title flavonoid derivative, C19H16O5, the chromene portion is planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.022 A) with the substituents lying closely to the same plane. The dihedral angle between its mean plane and that of the benzene ring is 4.9 (1)°. This planarity is due, in part, to the presence of a strong intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond and to two weak C—H⋯O contacts. In the crystal, neighboring mol­ecules are linked by a C—H⋯O hydrogen bond and a C—H⋯π inter­action, forming chains along the a-axis direction.
ALGORITHMS AND ERROR ANALYSIS FOR DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY USING THE BORN AND RYTOV APPROXIMATIONS

In this paper, diffraction tomography is presented as an inverse problem of an inhomogenous differential equation obtained from the Helmholtz equation in terms of a general transformation of the propogating wave. Born and Rytov transformations are shown to be special cases of this general form. Frequency and spatial domain algorithms are given for the reconstruction of a spatially varying index of refraction that is under study. Errors in the images based on Born and Rytov’s approximations are compared and numerical and experimental results on these techniques are presented.
The “Enlightened Realism” of George H. W. Bush, 1989–1993

George H. W. Bush brought a wealth of foreign affairs experience to the presidency from 1989 to 1993. He served as UN ambassador, director of the CIA, and vice president under President Ronald Reagan. A realist, he emphasized US national interests in conducting his foreign policy, rather than the promotions of American values abroad. Among his foreign policy achievements as president were the creation of an international coalition that reversed Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait, the negotiation of German reunification within NATO, and the peaceful dissolution on of the Warsaw Pact and the Soviet Union. Under President Bush, the United States also played the leading role in upholding the liberal international order. Nevertheless, Bush’s achievements as a statesman were not sufficient to help him win reelection to the presidency in 1992.
Posttraumatic stress, alcohol use, and alcohol use reasons in firefighters: The role of sleep disturbance.

Abstract Background Firefighters are at elevated risk for posttraumatic stress and alcohol use, with research indicating that individuals with posttraumatic stress are likely to use alcohol as a coping strategy. A behavioral mechanism of clinical relevance to these associations is sleep disturbance. Thus, it was hypothesized that higher posttraumatic stress and sleep disturbance would be associated with higher alcohol use and alcohol use coping reasons; and sleep disturbance would moderate the association between posttraumatic stress and alcohol use and alcohol use coping reasons. Procedure Participants included 639 urban career firefighters (93.6% male; 77.9% White; Mage = 38.5). Covariates included fire department years and occupational stress. Structural equation models were tested. Results Posttraumatic stress severity was significantly, positively associated with alcohol use severity and alcohol use coping reasons. Similarly, sleep disturbance severity was significantly, positively associated with alcohol use severity and alcohol use coping reasons. After accounting for covariates and main effects, the interaction of PTSD severity and sleep disturbance was significantly associated with alcohol use severity, with the model accounting for 23.6% of variance, and alcohol use coping reasons, with the model accounting for 37.6% of variance. As predicted, the interaction of posttraumatic stress severity and sleep disturbance was not significantly associated with alcohol use enhancement, conformity, or social reasons. Conclusion These findings indicate that posttraumatic stress severity is related to heightened alcohol use severity and alcohol use coping reasons, and this association is markedly stronger when firefighters' levels of sleep disturbance are heightened. Clinical and research implications are to be discussed.
Faraday-Talbot effect: Alternating phase and circular arrays

A hydrodynamic analog to the optical Talbot effect may be realized on the surface of a vertically shaken fluid bath when a periodic array of pillars protrudes from the fluid surface. When the pillar spacing is twice or one and a half times the Faraday wavelength, we observe repeated images of the pillars projected in front of the array. Sloshing inter-pillar ridges act as sources of Faraday waves, giving rise to self-images. Here, we explore the emergence of Faraday-Talbot patterns when the sloshing ridges between pillars have alternating phases. We present a simple model of linear wave superposition and use it to calculate the expected self-image locations, comparing them to experimental observations. We explore how alternating phase sources affect the Faraday-Talbot patterns for linear and circular arrays of pillars, where curvature allows for magnification and demagnification of the self-imaging pattern. The use of an underlying wavefield is a subject of current interest in hydrodynamic quantum analog experiments, as it may provide a means to trap walking droplets.
Addition of Care for Transgender-Related Patient Care into Doctorate of Pharmacy Curriculum: Implementation and Preliminary Evaluation.

The number of transgender and gender-diverse patients seeking medical care in the United States is increasing. For many of these patients, pharmacotherapy is a part of their gender-affirming transition. Effective instructional methods and resources for teaching pharmacy students about this patient population’s social considerations and medical treatments is lacking. Three hours of educational material on caring for transgender patients was added to a third-year course in a four-year Doctorate of Pharmacy program in the United States. The content included cultural, empathy, and medical considerations. Students in the course were given a survey to assess their perception of each instructional method’s effectiveness and self-assess their confidence in providing competent gender-affirming care to transgender people before and after the learning session. The survey response rate was 36% (54/152). Students’ self-assessed confidence to provide competent care to people who are transgender increased significantly. Before the learning session, the median confidence level was 4/10 (Interquartile range (IQR) 3–6), after the class session, the median confidence increased to 7/10 (IQR 6–8, p < 0.01). Students rated the pre-class video, jeopardy game, and patient panel as most helpful to improving their skills. The addition of transgender-related patient care material into the Doctorate of Pharmacy curriculum significantly increased the students’ confidence to provide competent care to people who are transgender.
Reading Foucault: An Ongoing Engagement

This article is a contribution to the occasional series dealing with a major book that has influenced the author. Previous contributors include Stewart Macaulay, John Griffith, William Twining, Carol Harlow, Geoffrey Bindman, Harry Arthurs, Andre‐Jean Arnaud, Alan Hunt, Michael Adler, Lawrence O. Gostin, John P. Heinz, Roger Brownsword, Roger Cotterrell, Nicola Lacey, and Carol J. Greenhouse.
Normal synthesis of aminotransferase protein in a pyridoxineless strain of S. typhimurium.

Abstract Imidazolylacetolphosphate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.9) is essential for the biosynthesis of the amino acid L-histidine, is coded for by the C gene of the histidine operon, and its rate of synthesis can be altered by controlling the expression of the histidine operon. Synthesis of the aminotransferase during derepression of the histidine operon has been studied in a pyridoxineless strain of S. typhimurium , suspended in growth media containing or lacking pyridoxine. Our results indicate that under both sets of nutritional conditions, synthesis of enzymes from genes on either side of the C gene are normal, that synthesis of aminotransferase protein is normal and that the proposed obligatory role of the cofactor pyridoxal phosphate in the synthesis of wild-type aminotransferase protein is not substantiated.
Rethinking High-Leverage Practices in Justice-Oriented Ways

Justice-oriented teaching must address how classroom-based disciplinary learning is shaped by interactions among local practice and systems of privilege and oppression. Our work advances current sc...
FIVE – LINEAR PROGRAMMING (AN ALGEBRAIC APPROACH)

Publisher Summary The simplex method is applicable only when a linear programming problem satisfies certain conditions. This chapter discusses a simplified version of these conditions as well as certain other preliminaries. A standard linear programming problem means that the objective function is to be maximized, the variables are all required to be non-negative, and in the other constraints, the expressions involving the variables are less than or equal to ( ≤ ) a non-negative constant. The row and column containing the pivot entry are called, respectively, the pivot row and pivot column. The new implicit variable is usually called the departing variable as it departs from the set of explicit variables and becomes implicit. There are certain difficulties that occur when the minimum non-negative quotient, which is computed to determine the departing variable, occurs in two or more rows. This situation is called degeneracy.
Using Market Information to Help Identify Distressed Institutions: A Regulatory Perspective

The purpose of this article is to assess the relationship, in timing and magnitude, between equity market valuations of commercial banks and thrift institutions and changes in the supervisory ratings for these organizations. In particular, we ask two questions: to what extent do market variables such as stock prices, returns, and trading volume (among others) provide timely market signals? And if they do provide timely signals, can they add incremental value to off-site monitoring systems that attempt to predict changes in the CAMEL ratings assigned by regulators? We begin to address these questions by discussing the institutional setting for the downgrading of a bank's CAMEL rating. We then evaluate problems associated with interpreting market data before examination ratings are changed. Finally, we perform statistical tests to test the incremental predictive content of market-related variables compared with accounting data from bank financial reports.
Maya revitalization in the North American classroom

Studying Gaspar Pedro Gonzalez’ A Mayan Life offers North American students an introduction to the material and spiritual consequences of colonialism as well as strategies for challenging its domin...
Terrorism: Cruelty, and Destructiveness for Everyone

The term “terrorism” is derived from the French la terreur. As now understood terrorism began in the French Revolution with the deposition and execution of Louis XVI. On April 6, 1793, the French National Convention created the Committee on Public Safety, which we now associate with Maxmilien Robespierre. Citizens thought to have sympathies with the monarchy were brought before the Committee to have their “virtue” tested.
Using First Principles to Link Silicone Oil/Formulation Interfacial Tension With Syringe Functionality in Pre-Filled Syringes Systems.

Abstract Numerous interactions can arise at the interface between the glass barrel/silicone oil coating/aqueous formulation in pre-filled syringes that can affect the functionality of the medical device. In this study, the Young-Dupre equation was applied at these interfaces to correlate the interfacial tension between the silicone oil coating and aqueous formulation to the functionality of the syringe. It was shown that lower silicone oil/drug product formulation interfacial tension led to an increase in the glide force of the syringe. The relationship between glide force profiles and silicone oil thickness after injection was also investigated and the data revealed that the silicone oil was removed at the end of the syringe barrel when the formulation contains polysorbate 80.
Microgrid Control Strategy Based on Battery Energy Storage System-Virtual Synchronous Generator (BESS-VSG)

With more and more renewable energy resources integrated into the power grid, the system is losing inertia because power electronics-based generators do not provide natural inertia. The low inertia will cause the microgrid to be more sensitive to disturbance and thus a small load change may result in a severe deviation in frequency. Based on the basic VSG algorithm, which is to mimic the characteristic of the traditional synchronous generator, the frequency can be controlled to a stable value faster and more smoothly when there is a fluctuation in the PV power generation and/or load change. However, characteristic of the VSG depends on the system structure in consideration of multiple generations, such as Synchronous Generator (SG), PV and Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), which greatly increases the complexity of applying VSG in practical power system. Furthermore, with BESS-VSG, Maximum Power Point (MPP) operation of PV is guaranteed. In addition, an adaptive VSG method is developed for a microgrid system, and the corresponding simulation in Matlab/Simulink shows the effectiveness of the adaptive VSG method.
Implementation of Kriging surrogate model of a meta-particle

Meta-particles are electromagnetically small scattering particles employed in the design of metasurfaces and metamaterial antennas. The process of designing meta-particles is conventionally iterative, where full-wave simulations of the meta-particle are performed while systematically changing the geometric parameters, and sometimes the material properties, of the particle. Such iterative approaches are generally resource intensive and time consuming, hence a surrogate model based approach may potentially save significant resources and time during the meta-particle design phase. In this work, we demonstrate employing two different surrogate models to estimate the scattering behavior of a “dogbone” meta-particle, namely Kriging and inverse distance. Results show that the Kriging model outperforms the inverse distance model and is capable of achieving very good approximation compared to full-wave simulation, even with a small number of design space sample points.
Introduction to the Special Issue Advocacy and Social Justice for LGBTGEQIAP

This special issue of the Society for Sexual, Affectional, Intersex, and Gender Expansive Identities’ (SAIGE) Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling brings together essential work around advocacy and...
Air pollution lowers travel demand in a consumer city

Abstract This study investigates how air pollution intensifies the spatial friction of urban consumption. The results of a survey experiment in a heavily polluted Chinese city show that consumers psychologically exposed to two air quality scenarios adjusted their willingness to travel. The distance and time participants indicated they were willing to travel to a preferred restaurant were lower among those shown photographs of polluted skies than they were among those shown a “blue sky” scenario: Participants shown the air pollution scenario expressed a willingness to travel that was about 20% to 30% lower as measured by time (approximately five minutes) and distance (approximately three kilometers), respectively.
High Transverse Momentum Identified Particle Spectra in 200 GeV Collisions from STAR

Significant baryon over meson enhancement was measured at RHIC in the intermediate transverse momentum range of pT=2−4 GeV/c (“baryon-meson puzzle”). With STAR detector we were able to extend particle identification towards higher transverse momentum offering further insights into the particle production mechanisms at intermediate to high pT. In this paper we present results on charged pion, proton and anti-proton spectra and ratios at intermediate to high pT exploiting the relativistic rise of the specific ionization energy loss measured in the STAR Time Projection Chamber. These measurements provide valuable information about the production mechanisms of particles at intermediate pT in relativistic heavy ion collisions, e.g. coalescence/recombination versus jet fragmentation.
Identification of eight SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a deletion variants in 2,726 clinical specimens

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ORF7a, the ortholog of SARS-CoV ORF7a, is a type I transmembrane protein and plays an important role in virus-host interactions. Deletion variants in ORF7a may influence virulence, but only a few such isolates have been reported. Here, we report 8 unique ORF7a deletion variants of 6 to 96 nucleotides in length identified from 2,726 clinical specimens collected in March of 2020.
692. Secondary Infections and Coinfections in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Background: While a common phenomenon in other viral illnesses, data regarding coinfection/superinfections in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited and emerging Superinfections may contribute to the overall high mortality in those suffering from severe COVID19 We aimed to study the rate of coinfections and secondary bacterial/fungal infections among SARS-CoV-2 positive cases in a community hospital Methods: This is a single-centre IRB approved, retrospective observational study Adult patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 by Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction assay of nasopharyngeal swabs admitted from March 1st to April 20th 2020 were included Relevant clinical and laboratory data were manually collected from electronic medical records Results: A total of 129 patients were included in the study 91 patients had a respiratory pathogen panel PCR on admission This panel includes testing for influenza, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae Only one patient was positive for coinfection with the parainfluenza virus None of them was found to be positive for bacterial coinfection at admission Thirteen patients (10 1%) had secondary bacterial or fungal infections that developed during their respective hospital stays, 12 of them were critically ill The mean duration from admission to the onset of secondary infection was 13 days Positive Blood Cultures Positive Lower Respiratory Tract Cultures Conclusion: Our data revealed that the rate of viral coinfection was 1 1 % and bacterial coinfection was 0% at admission Study timing can play a role as upper respiratory virus infection rate is low in the population during March and April Secondary infections were found to be common in patients admitted to the ICU Potential explanations for this include compromised immunity in severely ill patients, extended ICU stay, central venous catheters and endotracheal intubation It is evident that with severe COVID-19 illness, an extended hospital course often ensues, leading to increased risk of secondary infections and contributing to the overall high mortality of these patients
Abstract P319: Can Deep Learning Find the Ischemic Core on CT? Transfer Learning From Pre-Trained MRI-Based Networks

Objective: Ischemic core prediction from CT perfusion (CTP) remains inaccurate compared with gold standard diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). We evaluated if a deep learning model to predict the DWI...
The Effects of Word-Order and Case Marking Information on the Processing of Japanese

Many studies in processing English report that verb information plays a significant role in processing the rest of the sentence (e.g., Boland & Tanenhaus, 1991). Japanese is subject-object-verb (SOV), head-final language with the phenomena of scrambling and phonologically null pronouns. The fact that verb information does not become available until the end of a clause leads one to ask whether other types of information may be utilized in the on-line processing of Japanese. The current study investigated whether word order and case markers play a role. Overall, no effect of word order was observed, even though the frequency of the scrambled sentences was low. Experiment 1 found no extra processing load in processing scrambled sentences. In Experiment 2, no effect of word order was found in the parser's decision making in computing a syntactic structure prior to the verb. On the other hand. Experiment 3 found that the parser was sensitive to the variety of case-marked arguments. The results of the three experiments are more congruent with the nonconfigurational structure than with the configurational structure at the stage of preverbal syntactic processing in Japanese.
CO Emission in Radio Galaxies at Low and High Redshift

CO observations of 0 1, P_408MHz > 10^27 Watts/Hz) are consistent with no evolution in molecular gas (H_2) mass with redshift and/or radio power. Of the low-redshift powerful radio galaxies (LzPRGs: z 10^23.5 W/Hz) observed, only one F-R II galaxy has been detected in CO, whereas approximately 50% of the radio-compact (FC) and F-R I galaxies have been detected. The CO and imaging data to date imply that either F-R II galaxies result from mergers of gas-poor galaxies relative to FC/F-R I galaxies, or that some FC/F-R I galaxies evolve into F-R II galaxies. In either scenario, the radio activity in powerful radio galaxies is most likely triggered by a merger event, and H_2 may be the fuel for the active galactic nucleus (AGN) in the early stages of the merger.
Promoting Desirable Gymnasium Behaviors

(1979). Promoting Desirable Gymnasium Behaviors. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 50, Including Leisure Today, pp. 69-69.
Effective release of a broad spectrum antibiotic from elastin‐like polypeptide‐collagen composite

Preparation of hydrogels that possess an effective antibiotic release profile and better mechanical properties compared to the traditionally used collagen hydrogels has the potential to minimize post-surgical infections and support wound healing. Toward this goal, we prepared elastin-like polypeptide (ELP)-collagen composite hydrogels that displayed a significantly higher elastic modulus compared to the collagen hydrogels. We then characterized the release behavior of the collagen and ELP-collagen hydrogels loaded with varying dosages (1-5% w/w) of a commonly used broad spectrum antibiotic, doxycycline hyclate. Both collagen and ELP-collagen hydrogels showed a gradual time dependent doxycycline release over a period of 5 days. The ELP-collagen hydrogels, in general, showed a slower release of the doxycycline compared to the collagen hydrogels. The released doxycycline was found to be effective against four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus sanguinis, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) in a dose dependent manner. Combined with their improved mechanical properties, the gradual and effective drug release from the biocompatible ELP-collagen hydrogels shown here may be beneficial for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications.
Educational Opportunities in Video Sensor Networks

Distributed video sensor networks offer a great opportunity to put more science into the Computer Science curriculum. This includes discussion and application of the scientific method, the development and application of models, and consideration of how validation of models can be achieved. A wide range of mathematics is applicable: partial differential equations, probability theory, information theory, and geometry are just some related topics. Finally, useful hands-on experience can be gained by students trained in system building which includes hardware, software, experiment design, verification, validation and simulation.
Richard Dadd and the Fairy Feller's Master-Stroke.

RichardDadd (1817–1886), the sonof a carver and bronze worker, showed artistic talent at an early age and was admitted to the Royal Academy of Art at the age of 20. There he won three bronze medals for draftsmanship and showed an interest in Shakespeare,which manifested itself inhispaintings. In 1842,Dadd was invited to accompany an expedition to the Middle East as draftsman. Toward the end of an exhausting tour, in Egypt Dadd underwent a major personality change, becoming violent toward his patron and expressing the belief that Osiris had commanded him to destroy the devil. Uponhis return home,Dadd’s family took him away to recover, but in August of 1843, Dadd fatally stabbed his father, who he believed to be the devil. After attempting an escape to France and trying to kill another individual en route, Dadd was committed to the Bethlem psychiatric hospital, where he spent the next 21 years, before being transferred to Broadmoor, where he died in 1886. Three of Dadd’s six siblings were treated for mental illness, with his brother George being hospitalized at Bethlem in 1843 and dying there in 1868 (1). The brothers had little, if any, contact with each other during these years. Dadd’s physicians did much to encourage his painting.TheFairyFeller’sMaster-Stroke is the most famous of his works and portrays the woodsman Fairy Feller in the act of splitting a chestnut, from which Queen Mab’s fairy carriage would be constructed. Among the recognizable characters in the painting are Queen Mab, Oberon, Titania, Dadd’s father, and the Patriarch/Pope (2). The theme of the painting was suggested by G.H. Haydon, Steward of Bethlem, and it remained unfinished at the end of 9 years. Accompanying the work was a long and rambling poem (January 1865) titled Elimination of a Picture and Its Subject, in which the artist essentially disavowed any meaning to the work, despite its symbolism and detail. In Elimination, Dadd enjoins viewers to draw their own conclusions, ending as follows: “You can afford to let this go; For nought is nothing it explains; And nothing from nothing gains.” Thesubsequentprovenance and impact of theFairyFeller’s Master-Stroke is of interest to psychiatry. The picture found its way into the hands of a wealthy art collector, whose granddaughter married Siegfried Sassoon, a poet who served inWorldWar 1 andwas hospitalized for shell shock. During service in the trenches, Sassoon became friendly with three of Dadd’s great-nephews, two of whom were killed in battle, while the third, Julian Dadd, survived with grave injury, experienced mental breakdown, and later died by suicide in 1937. Sassoon was given the painting as
Cyclic strain induces an oxidative stress in endothelial cells

Hypertension imposes an oxidant stress on the aorta and also causes mechanical deformation of the aortic wall. To assess whether deformation causes an oxidative stress, isolated porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) were subjected to cyclic strain, and the cumulative amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS, an index of lipid peroxidation) and H2O2 (a reactive oxygen species) was measured in the eluent at 2, 6, and 24 h. TBARS were increased by 40.5 +/- 9.2% after 24 h in cells exposed to cyclic strain vs. static controls (P < 0.05). No difference was seen at 2 and 6 h. H2O2 release was increased after 6 and 24 h of cyclic strain by 22.0 +/- 8.0 and 57.6 +/- 11.1 nmol H2O2/mg, respectively (P < 0.005), but was not increased after 2 h of strain. In vascular smooth muscle cells, TBARS were not observed and H2O2 release was not increased by cyclic strain. To investigate a potential source of H2O2 induced by strain, the activity of NADH/NADPH oxidase, a superoxide-generating enzyme, was measured by chemiluminescence. After 2 h, cells exposed to cyclic strain had greater activity than static controls (531.0 +/- 68.4 vs. 448.3 +/- 54.2 pmol O2- x mg(-1) x s(-1), respectively, when incubated with NADH, P < 0.005; 85.8 +/- 8.9 vs. 71.6 +/- 3.8 pmol O2- x mg(-1) x s(-1) when incubated with NADPH, P < 0.05). No effect on NADH/NADPH oxidase activity was seen after 6 or 24 h. The following conclusions were made: 1) cyclic strain induces an oxidant stress in PAEC monolayers as measured by TBARS formation and H2O2 release, 2) NADH/NADPH oxidase is a potential source of H2O2 release in cyclically strained cells, and 3) mechanical deformation of endothelial cells may play a critical role in the generation of oxidative stress within the vessel wall.
Susceptibility for depression in current and retired student athletes.

Background:Depression, a disabling mental disorder, adversely affects work, sleeping and eating habits, and family. Research does not exist on depression among athletes who have recently graduated from college and retired from their sport after exhausting their collegiate eligibility.Hypothesis:Changes in lifestyle and loss of personal identity, which follow college athletics, would put former college athletes at an increased risk for depression.Methods:A survey was sent to former (n = 163) and current (n = 117) college athletes to correlate depression and retirement from athletics.Results:Depression levels were significantly higher (P = 0.03) in current college athletes (16.77%, n = 27) compared with former, graduated college athletes (8.03%, n = 9).Conclusion:Completion of college sports may not increase levels of depression. There is a need for increased awareness, education, screening, and intervention for depression in college athletes.Clinical Relevance:This study suggests that student athletes’ dep...
A least commitment approach to avoiding protection violations in nonlinear planning

We suggest one alternative approach to creating a valid plan in which all temporal constraints are mutually satisfiable and all preconditions for actions hold where required. While simultaneously maintaining information on the status of protection intervals for all required preconditions in the plan, our approach avoids premature imposition of temporal constraints to correct for protection violations. At the expense of additional bookkeeping, we adopt the least commitment strategy of attempting to correct those protection violations which can be corrected in only one way. By postponing choice as much as possible, we attempt to generate a search tree with fewer nodes. Since scheduling problems which arise in our planning context are inherently intractable, our approach does not rule out the possibility of extensive search. However, it might well be a preferable mechanism for a planner which adopts a general least commitment strategy.
Heat shock protein 20 mediated force suppression in forskolin relaxed swine carotid artery

Increases in cyclic nucleotide levels induce smooth muscle relaxation by deactivation [reductions in myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC) phosphorylation (e.g., by reduced [Ca2+])] or force suppres...
Active absorption of d-glucose by intestinal segments of the ground squirrel, Citellus tridecemlineatus

1. 1. Active absorption of d-glucose by intestinal segments of Citellus tridecemlineatus was shown using in vitro preparations where the starting concentration was 1 mg/ml on each side of the intestinal wall. 2. 2. Concentration gradients across the intestinal wall were measured after 1 hr of incubation at 37°C and the rate of transport of d-glucose from the mucosal to the serosal medium ranged from 23 ± 6 to 48 ± 7 μmole/g dry wt./hr. 3. 3. The various areas of intestine examined, i.e. duodenum, jejunum and ileum, were comparable in active absorption characteristics. 4. 4. The intestine, in vitro, showed a marked ability to absorb, accumulate and retain d-glucose.
Saccharin as a sugar surrogate revisited.

Abstract Two papers by George Collier are reviewed and replications and extensions of these data are presented. The first paper by Collier and Bolles (1968) reported the total caloric intake of rats during sucrose versus water preference tests. In addition, a paired comparison was made with each of a wide range of sucrose solutions. The latter experiment resulted in a re-thinking of “preference” in that it showed that although rats drank more of a middle range concentration, they always consumed more of the higher concentrations in paired comparison tests. Many other behavioral studies have confirmed that the rat's attraction to the taste of sucrose is a direct function of sucrose concentration. The second paper by Collier and Novell (1967) reported that saccharin was similar to sucrose in that intake increased and then decreased as concentration increased, although in direct choice tests, higher concentrations were preferred to lower ones except in one case. Subsequent studies using a wider range of saccharin concentrations and a variety of test measures revealed, however, that saccharin preference and acceptance decreases substantially as concentration exceeds 0·4% (19·5 mM). Furthermore, saccharin versus sucrose choice tests indicate that optimal saccharin solutions (0·2–0·4%) are “isopreferred” to only dilute sucrose solutions (2–4%). Thus, at best, saccharin is only a weak surrogate for sugar.
An approximation to the discrete cosine transform for N=16

Abstract An approximation to the discrete cosine transform (DCT) called the C -matrix transform (CMT) has been developed by Jones et al. [3] for N =8. This is now extended to N =16 and its performance is compared with the DCT based on some standard criteria. CMT is computationally simpler as it involves only integer arithmetic. It has potential in signal processing applications because of its closeness to the DCT.
Autonomous vision-based mobility & manipulation of a 9-DoF WMRA for the performance of ADL Tasks

In this paper, optimized combined control of a 9-DoF prototype wheelchair-mounted robotic arm (WMRA) system, consisting of a 7-DoF manipulator and a 2-DoF power wheelchair, is demonstrated using vision-based dual-trajectory control that generates separate wheelchair and end-effector trajectories. Physical results of this work are provided with a “Go to and Pick Up” task. Image-based visual servoing (IBVS) was implemented to track and reach a user-selected goal object. The control structure and hardware implementation results of this work are presented in this paper.
Invasive fetal testing.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Research on prenatal diagnosis and invasive fetal testing has continued at a rapid pace. Several studies that will have a profound impact on the way prenatal care will be provided to pregnant women have been published in the literature during the last year. These publications will be reviewed and their impact described. RECENT FINDINGS: The main areas of interest in the recent literature covered in this review are first-trimester screening for aneuploidy, recent information on loss rates due to amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling, and current work on invasive fetal therapy. SUMMARY: It appears that first-trimester screening is at least comparable if not superior in efficacy to second-trimester serum screening. This will be a test that will be utilized increasingly by both low and high-risk patients for aneuploidy. Of utility to a much smaller number of patients, invasive fetal therapy for meningomyelocele repair, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome and fetal cardiac malformations is being evaluated in a scientifically more rigorous manner.
Carcinogenicity of N-nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine, N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine and cis-N-nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine administered continuously in the Syrian hamster, and the effect of dietary protein on N-nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine carcinogenesis

The effect of continuous week-long administration of the three pancreatic carcinogens N-nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine (HPOP), N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP), and cis-N-nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine (cis-NNDM), by a s.c. implanted osmotic pump, was examined in Syrian hamsters. HPOP at total doses of 220-250 mg/kg body weight induced ductal adenocarcinomas in the pancreas (41%), and cholangiomas (18%) and cholangiocarcinomas (18%) in the liver, 25 weeks following the initiation of treatment. Higher doses of HPOP resulted in severe hepatic injury and increased mortality (LD50 = 280 mg/kg). Cis-NNDM and BHP were less toxic than HPOP and induced pancreatic lesions at doses of 950 mg/kg. These data document that a week-long schedule of continuous administration of HPOP for the induction of pancreatic cancer compares favorably with those involving weekly injections. Application of this model to study the effect of dietary protein in HPOP-induced carcinogenicity showed that the number of cystic, intermediate and tubular complexes in the pancreas was significantly higher in animals fed a 20% as compared to an 8% protein diet 2 weeks prior to HPOP administration. Furthermore, the incidence of pancreatic adenocarcinomas and in situ carcinomas was only 13% in the hamsters fed the low-protein diet as compared to 46% in those fed the high-protein diet.
Use of the Wei-Lin-Weissfeld method for the analysis of a recurring and a terminating event

We consider application of the Wei-Lin-Weissfeld (WLW) method for multiple failure time data when analysing a disease process consisting of a recurring outcome, such as clinical progression, and a terminating outcome, such as death. In order to adapt WLW for this situation, 'events' must be specified that define multiple failure times and whether these are censored. Various choices of events are possible, and each corresponds to inferences about a different aspect of the underlying disease process. Definitions which regard the terminating outcome as a censor of the recurring outcome focus on specific cause-specific hazard functions, while event definitions which make no distinction between a recurring and terminating outcome focus on hazard functions of the induced failure times. Some event definitions require strong statistical assumptions to yield valid inferences and are not recommended. The application of WLW for recurring/terminating processes is illustrated with the results of two recently conducted clinical trials in persons with HIV.
The utilization of phosphate in tomato plants at different growth stages

Studies were carried out to see whether plants can utilize phosphate efficiently even if phosphate is given only during a short time — at a critical developmental period. Tomato plants were grown in P-free nutrient solutions and were given 1.0 mM phosphate only for periods of ten days during different developmental stages. All the plants were harvested 45 days after sowing. The results show that plants placed in a phosphate solution for ten days between the fifteenth and twenty-fifth day of their life (treatment 4) gave the same yields as plants grown for all the 45 days in the phosphate solution. Plants that received phosphate before the critical period and after it had lower yields. The total phosphate content of the plants increased with the age of the plants receiving the phosphate, with the exception of treatment 4 which had a greater influence on phosphate content than the other treatments. The utilization quotient of treatment 4 was much higher than that of plants receiving P for the 45 days, indicating that phosphate absorbed was more efficiently utilized for the production of higher yields.
Optimal recovery of virial coefficients from experimental compressibility data

Abstract The method of least squares employing orthonormal functions is used to determine polynomial approximations for an infinite series. Criteria are established which indicate the polynomial whose coefficients are statistically nearest those of the infinite series and the polynomial which statistically “fits” the experimental data best. Results are presented for the function f ( x ) which was constructed to resemble a compressibility isotherm and for the 49.712°C isotherm of CO 2 .
The mechanism of supraventricular tachycardia.

In six successive patients, none of whom had the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, recurrent episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) were analyzed to determine the mechanism by which this arrhythmia is initiated and sustained. In each patient, simultaneous intracavitary atrial electrograms and surface electrocardiograms were recorded during the onset of numerous spontaneous episodes of SVT. Atrial premature depolarizations (APD) produced by programmed stimulation sequences were used to measure atrioventricular refractory periods and to produce atrial echoes and episodes of SVT. Stimulated APDs introduced during sustained episodes of SVT either altered its behavior or terminated it. The electrophysiologic behavior of SVT in these patients strongly suggests that the mechanism responsible for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is atrial reentry utilizing the A-V conducting system.
Effect of temperature on the rates of digestion, amino acid absorption and assimilation in the alligator

Abstract 1. 1. Small alligators were fed lean meat (50 g/kg of body weight). The rates of digestion, amino acid absorption, and assimilation were determined at 25°, 28° and 31°C. 2. 2. At 25°C, digestion was slow and incomplete. 3. 3. At 28°C, digestion proceeded about half as fast as at 31°C. 4. 4. In all experiments, there was an immediate rise in plasma alanine and glycine and a delayed and prolonged rise in plasma glutamine. 5. 5. At all temperatures, the rate of absorption and amino acid disappearance seemed to match the rate of digestion, suggesting that the rates of all were controlled by a common factor. 6. 6. It was postulated that the common factor was blood flow and that the reason the rate of digestion etc. was affected by temperature was that it affected the rate of blood flow.
On the Cusp of Cyberspace: Adolescents' Online Text Use in Conversation

This discourse analysis study examines the use of online texts in the live conversations of adolescents at and around computers in the Young Adult section of a Midwestern public library serving a diverse SES population. On the cusp of cyberspace, where online texts influence conversation and the conversation influences the creation of online texts, the adolescents in this investigation were found to use the text for their talk in five ways: reference, authority, experience, expression, and instrument. These techniques are delineated and connected to classroom teaching. The conclusion of the article focuses on the broader teaching implications as they relate to these teens' literacy practices at computers in the library.
The effect of propranolol on portal perfusion in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis having distal splenorenal shunt

This study tested the hypothesis that reduction in the hyperdynamic systemic circulation with propranolol in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and distal splenorenal shunt would lead to improved maintenance of portal perfusion. After standard distal splenorenal shunt, 50–75% of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis lose portal flow in 6–12 months: this is associated with an increased hyperdynamic systemic circulation. Twelve patients with alcoholic cirrhosis with distal splenorenal shunt received propranolol in a dose sufficient to provide beta blockade. Pulse was reduced by 25%, cardiac output reduced by 32% and hepatic venous pressure gradient reduced by 15% ( p