cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Image-intensifier-based volume tomographic angiography imaging system

An image intensifier-based rotational volume tomographic digital angiography (VTDA) imaging system has been constructed. The system consists of an x-ray tube and an image intensifier that are separately mounted on a gantry. This system uses an image intensifier coupled to a charge coupled device camera as a 2D detector so that a set of 2D projection can be acquired for a direct 3D reconstruction. This paper presents the results of the system evaluation and preliminary animal studies using the volume tomographic system. The results indicate that the system has isotropic resolution of 0.5-1.0 1p/mm in the x, y and z directions, and the contrast resolution of the current system is 150 Hounsfield Unit for a 2mm vessel at 806 mR exposure. The results from the animal studies demonstrate that VTDA only needs a single injection of contrast and volume scanning to provide adequate image contrast and resolution for quantitative assessment of vascular anatomy.
IS MINIMAL STRATEGY INSTRUCTION SUFFICIENT FOR LD CHILDREN? -TESTING THE PRODUCTION DEFICIENCY HYPOTHESIS

To test a production deficiency view of learning disabilities, the perfor- mance of learning disabled and normally achieving children given minimal instruc- tion to use organizing strategies was compared to the performance of students engaged only in practice with a free recall task. Groups were selected as having equivalent pretest recall. On a posttest where strategy use was not prompted, the instructed group showed higher levels of strategy use than the control group. No differences were found between learning disabled and normally achieving subjects' strategy use. The instructed group recalled more than the control group. In contrast to predictions based on a production deficiency hypothesis, learning disabled groups recalled less than the normally achieving group. Factors that may have contributed to this finding are discussed.
Soluble HL-A7 Antigen: Localization in the β-Lipoprotein Fraction of Human Serum

The HL-A7 antigen of human leukocytes occurs as a soluble, low-density lipoprotein in the serum of HL-A7-positive individuals. Its presence in high concentration may inhibit direct leukocyte grouping, leading to erroneous results. This finding affords an easy method for the preparation of monospecific cytotoxic antiserums by absorption with serum fractions rather than leukocytes.
Temperature dependence of the resistance in ultrathin Nb wires

The resistance of Nb wires with areas of (5--28)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}11}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ has been measured in the temperature range of 1.4--12 K. These thin wires show an increasing resistance with decreasing temperature at higher temperatures which is consistent with the effects of localization and electron-electron interactions. At the lowest temperatures a broadened superconducting transition is observed.
A fate map of the murine pancreas buds reveals a multipotent ventral foregut organ progenitor.

The definitive endoderm is the embryonic germ layer that gives rise to the budding endodermal organs including the thyroid, lung, liver and pancreas as well as the remainder of the gut tube. DiI fate mapping and whole embryo culture were used to determine the endodermal origin of the 9.5 days post coitum (dpc) dorsal and ventral pancreas buds. Our results demonstrate that the progenitors of each bud occupy distinct endodermal territories. Dorsal bud progenitors are located in the medial endoderm overlying somites 2–4 between the 2 and 11 somite stage (SS). The endoderm forming the ventral pancreas bud is found in 2 distinct regions. One territory originates from the left and right lateral endoderm caudal to the anterior intestinal portal by the 6 SS and the second domain is derived from the ventral midline of the endoderm lip (VMEL). Unlike the laterally located ventral foregut progenitors, the VMEL population harbors a multipotent progenitor that contributes to the thyroid bud, the rostral cap of the liver bud, ventral midline of the liver bud and the midline of the ventral pancreas bud in a temporally restricted manner. This data suggests that the midline of the 9.5 dpc thyroid, liver and ventral pancreas buds originates from the same progenitor population, demonstrating a developmental link between all three ventral foregut buds. Taken together, these data define the location of the dorsal and ventral pancreas progenitors in the prespecified endodermal sheet and should lead to insights into the inductive events required for pancreas specification.
Multiple arachidonic acid metabolites inhibit sodium-dependent phosphate transport in OK cells.

Abstract The cytochrome P450-dependent monoxygenase pathway represents a major route for the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) in the kidney. In turn, AA metabolites have been shown to affect renal electrolyte metabolism, including sodium transport. Specifically AA, 20-HETE and 12-HETE inhibit sodium-dependent (Na + -Pi) uptake into renal culture cells, and both 12-HETE and 14,15 EET have been shown to reduce renin release from renal cortical slices. Since the bulk of Pi transport occurs in the proximal tubule (PT), and the PT is a major site of AA metabolism, we studied the effect of AA and several of its metabolites on Na + -Pi uptake into PT-like opossum kidney (OK) cells. Incubation of OK cells in AA (10 −8 M) resulted in 17% inhibition of Pi uptake. Three metabolites of omega-hydroxylation of AA induced significant decreases in Pi uptake: 19R-HETE (10 −8 M) by 36% ( P =0.008), 19 S -HETE (10 −8 M) by 24% ( P =0.002) and 20-COOH-AA (10 −8 M), a metabolite of 20-HETE, by 25% ( P >0.0001). 14,15 EET (10 −8 M), a breakdown product of AA by the epoxygenase pathway, had the greatest effect on Pi uptake in OK cells. It decreased Pi uptake by 47% ( P >0.0001). Addition of the P450 inhibitor, 7-ER (10 −8 M), to OK cells resulted in a significant stimulation (28%) of Pi uptake ( P =0.016). These results indicate that these AA metabolites have a significant inhibitory effect on Na + -Pi uptake in OK cells.
A perturbative description of the pomeron suggested by the two-component model of multiparticle production

Abstract The two-component model of multiparticle production is interpreted as the zeroth order term in an expansion in powers of the triple pomeron coupling. This leads to an S-matrix perturbative description of the pomeron in terms of measurable quantities. The first order corrections are calculated and it is shown that the breaking of factorization can differ significantly from that expected in the two-component model. Rough numerical estimates are also given.
In situ isothermal monitoring of the enhancement and quenching of Sm3+ photoluminescence in Ag co-doped glass

Abstract A novel in situ concurrent photoluminescence and absorption microspectroscopy technique is proposed for the real-time monitoring of the optical properties of rare-earth and noble metal co-doped dielectrics during isothermal processing. The technique has been successfully applied to an Ag and Sm co-doped phosphate glass, where both enhancement and quenching regimes of Sm3+ luminescence have been observed well separated in time, practical for an ‘optical tuning’ of the solid-state luminescent material. Further, relating simultaneously the luminescence with the time evolution in optical absorption allowed for discerning the effects of Ag non-plasmonic clusters as enhancers and nanoparticles as quenchers. Opportunities come forward for studying a variety of systems with relevance to a wide range of applications.
A Novel In Vivo Model for Evaluating Agents that Protect Against Ultraviolet A-induced Photoaging

Increasing evidence demonstrates that ultraviolet A radiation (UVA) contributes to photoaging, which results in the accumulation of massive amounts of abnormal elastic material in the dermis of photoaged skin. To study UVA-induced photoaging in an in vivo system, we utilized a line of transgenic mice containing the human elastin promoter linked to a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene. Our prior work demonstrates promoter activation in response to ultraviolet B radiation (UVB), UVA, and psoralen plus ultraviolet A radiation in the skin of these mice. The addition of psoralen (8-MOP) prior to administration of UVA results in substantial increases in promoter activation, as compared with UVA alone. To demonstrate the utility of these mice as a model of UVA-induced photodamage, we administered four lotions to the skin of our transgenic mice that included: a sunscreen containing octyl methoxycinnamate and benzophenone-3 with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15, the UVA filter butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, the SPF 15 sunscreen and the UVA filter together, and the lotion vehicle alone. Following sunscreen administration, mice received a single psoralen plus ultraviolet A radiation treatment. All sunscreens decreased chloramphenicol acetyl transferase activity with the SPF 15 sunscreen, the UVA filter, and the combination SPF 15 sunscreen and UVA filter, resulting in increasing degrees of protection against psoralen plus ultraviolet A radiation. These results demonstrate that this model functions as a rapid and sensitive model of UVA photodamage for the identification and comparison of compounds that protect against UVA-induced photoaging.
Substrate profiling of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B by screening a combinatorial peptide library.

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are a large family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic removal of the phosphoryl group from phosphotyrosyl (pY) proteins. To date, the in vivo substrates and physiological functions of PTPs remain poorly defined. In this work, we have developed a novel combinatorial library method to systematically determine the substrate specificity of PTPs. A one-bead-one-compound peptide library containing five randomized residues, Fmoc-XXXXXpYAA (where X is norleucine or 17 proteinogenic amino acids excluding Tyr, Cys, and Met), was chemically synthesized on 90-μm TentaGel resin by the split-and-pool method. Limited treatment of the library with a PTP removed the phosphoryl group from beads that carry the most preferred substrates. The exposed tyrosine side chain was selectively oxidized into an orthoquinone by the treatment with tyrosinase in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. The orthoquinone was then selectively derivatized with biotin-hydrazide, followed by on-bead colorim...
Stressor-Selective Role of the Ventral Subiculum in Regulation of Neuroendocrine Stress Responses

The ventral subiculum (vSUB) confers inhibitory effects of the hippocampus on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis responses to novelty and restraint. The current study was designed to evaluate the role of the vSUB in regulating HPA axis responses to stressors of diverse modalities. Male Sprague Dawley rats received bilateral ibotenic acid or saline injections into the region of the vSUB. Corticosterone secretion was assessed after exposure to hypoxia and elevated plus maze, with the two stress exposures occurring 5 d apart. Peak corticosterone responses to hypoxia were reduced in vSUB-lesion animals, indicating an attenuation of HPA axis responsiveness. A subsequent study revealed that hyporesponsivity to hypoxia was evident in chamber-naive as well as chamber-adapted animals, verifying that this effect was independent of previous experience in the testing environment. In contrast, the effects of vSUB lesions on corticosterone responses to the elevated plus maze exposure were substantially more circumspect, being limited to a slight increase in secretion at the 2-h poststress time point. The limited vSUB lesion-induced increase in the plasma corticosterone response to elevated plus maze exposure occurred despite an increased open-arm time in the maze, suggesting that lesions reduced anxiety-like behavior. In combination with previous studies, these data suggest that the vSUB has excitatory as well as inhibitory input into HPA axis responsivity, depending on the nature of the stressful stimulus, and suggest that behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to stressful or anxiogenic stimuli may be dissociable.
Depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and alcohol-related problems among veterans with chronic hepatitis C

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of psychiatric comorbidities among veterans with chronic hepatitis C. METHODS: Depression, anxiety sensitivity, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and alcohol use were assessed using standardized questionnaires in 120 consecutive veterans with chronic hepatitis C referred to the Liver Clinic. RESULTS: Using well-established scoring criteria of the questionnaires, clinically significant levels of depression (44.2%), anxiety (38.1%), post-traumatic stress disorder (20.8%), and alcohol-related problems (26.7%) were observed. The majority of patients had a clinically significant score for at least one questionnaire, whereas 37.2% had significant scores in two or more questionnaires. Positive correlations were found between post-traumatic symptoms and depressive symptoms, anxiety sensitivity, and alcohol use problems. Depressive symptoms were also correlated with anxiety. Responses to the questionnaires, in general, correlated poorly with psychiatric histories documented in the medical record. Overall, 79 (65.8%) patients had one or more possible contraindications to antiviral therapy: coexisting unstable psychiatric disorders and/or recent substance use was found in 73.4% of these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric comorbidities were very common among veterans with chronic hepatitis C and correlated poorly with diagnoses documented in the medical record. We recommend a multidisciplinary approach that includes psychological assessment using standardized questionnaires in the evaluation of these patients for antiviral therapy.
Medetomidine analogs as selective agonists for the human α2-adrenoceptors

Abstract α 2 -Adrenoceptor (AR) agonists have therapeutic applications in a variety of diseases. Medetomidine, an α 2 -AR agonist, belongs to 4-substituted imidazole class of compounds and is highly selective for the α 2 -AR. The benzylic methyl group of medetomidine and naphthalene imidazole was proposed to interact with rat brain α 2 -ARs via a methyl binding pocket in a manner analogous to its presence in α-methyl norepinephrine. A series of derivatives containing hydrophilic and hydrophobic substituents, as well as chiral and conformationally rigid analogs were used. In current binding and functional studies using human α 2 -AR subtypes expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, optimal interactions were observed with the presence of the methyl group on the benzylic carbon atom of naphthyl imidazole. Data obtained with various analogs have demonstrated that size, electronegativity, lipophilicity, chirality and conformational flexibility of the substituents at the carbon bridge of naphthyl imidazole are important factors for interaction of the imidazole class of ligands with these α 2 -AR subtypes. Taken collectively, the results obtained support the existence of the methyl binding pocket for optimal ligand receptor binding interactions in human α 2 -AR subtypes. Further, the results also suggest that, additional modifications of medetomidine and naphthyl methyl imidazole at the benzylic carbon atom, and/or on the aromatic and imidazole ring systems could provide insights into the chemical requirements for optimizing α 2 -AR subtype selectivity. This could eventually lead to the discovery of promising compounds for the evaluation of the physiological importance of the three α 2 -AR subtypes.
Animal Preference of Tall Fescue during Reproductive Growth in the Spring

Animal preference may create problems when diverse tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) germplasm is evaluated under grazing. The objective of this experiment was to relate differences in animal preference of tall fescue populations to maturity and genetic background. In 1988, 25 entries were established in small plots at the Black Belt Substation, Marion Junction, AL on a Eutaw clay (very-fine, montmorillonitic, thermic, Entic Peluderts) within each of four 0.8-ha pastures. Pastures were grazed during the spring 1990 and 1991 seasons at stocking rates of 2.5, 3.75, 5.0 and 6.25 crossbred yearling Angus steers ha -1 (Bos spp.). Animal preference was measured by visually rating the amount of forage removed at 3, 6, and 13 d after grazing was begun in 1990, and after 3 and 6 d in 1991 []
Why Ireland's Luck Ran Out and What this Means for the Eurozone

Given its impressive economic performance over the past two decades, Ireland earned the title, the ‘Celtic Tiger’. However, as the contagion from the subprime-induced global financial crisis spread, Ireland's boom went bust. In short order, Ireland (like Greece before it), had to seek financial assistance from the EU and the IMF to stave off sovereign default and national humiliation. How did Dublin and the eurozone respond to the crisis and what lessons can be learned from Ireland's experience? While Ireland grapples with its huge public debt, the EU needs to instill confidence in the markets before the current rolling debt crisis becomes a systemic threat to the eurozone.
Comparative performance features of different nonimaging secondary concentrators

In this paper, we discuss the features of different types secondary concentrators used in solar energy for dish- thermal and high flux applications. We include a preliminary comparison of a new type of nonimaging concentrator with the more traditional ideal concentrators.
A grid adaptive methodology for functional outputs of compressible flow simulations

This paper presents an error estimation and grid adaptive strategy for estimating and reducing simulation errors in integral outputs (functionals) of partial differential equations. Adaptive criteria are derived using an adjoint-based error correction technique that relates the local residual errors of both the primal and adjoint solutions to the global error in the prescribed functional. This relationship allows local error contributions to be used as indicators in a grid adaptive strategy designed to produce specially tuned grids for accurately estimating the chosen functional. In this paper, the error estimation and grid adaptive strategy is applied to subsonic and supersonic inviscid test cases involving complex airfoil configurations. The proposed output-based scheme is compared with a commonly used gradient-based adaptive method. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed adaptive procedure compares favorably in terms of accuracy and robustness relative to the gradient-based method. Finally, the error correction technique is applied to a simple NavierStokes test case yielding super convergent drag estimates after correction.
‘Veneto out of Italy? Dialect, Migration, and Transnational Identity’

In recent years, new efforts have been made to revitalize and promote local dialects in northern Italy. This project of dialect promotion has occurred side by side with new political restrictions on illegal immigrants in Italy, and both projects—dialect revitalization and anti-immigrant legislation—have been led by the influential federalist political party called Lega Nord. This revitalization is part of a larger set of political initiatives launched by two main political parties in Veneto, Liga Veneta, a subdivision of the Lega Nord, and the new, independently born Veneto Stato. Using a variety of discourse data collected in the Veneto region, this article shows how the promotion of Veneto dialect is intimately related to Veneto speakers’ defense against migrants and the Italian state. This link between local linguistic revitalization and anti-immigration efforts is not just a case of ‘regionalization’ within the Italian state, however. On the one hand, Veneto speakers emphasize their regional belonging rather than their national one by promoting dialect over Standard Italian; on the other hand, they construct a transnational identity as Veneti nel mondo (‘Veneto people in the world’)—reaching out especially to Veneto speakers in Argentina, Brazil, Peru, and the USA. Through an analysis of style shifting between Veneto dialect and Standard Italian in a corpus of naturally recorded data among Veneto speakers, I investigate how they foster and solidify a Veneto identity through opposition to foreigners and the Italian state, and how they build a Veneto transnational identity that stretches beyond regional and national boundaries.
Belonging and Acceptance: Examining the Correlates of Sociopolitical Involvement Among Bisexual and Lesbian Latinas

This article employs a national sample of almost 400 bisexual and lesbian Latinas to examine the impact of community-level support/comfort, as well as the importance of sexual orientation and racial identity, on sociopolitical involvement. Results indicate that feelings of connectedness to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community are the most important predictor of sociopolitical involvement within both LGBT and people of color (POC) communities. While comfort within the LGBT community had no impact on LGBT sociopolitical involvement, it had a negative impact on POC sociopolitical involvement.
Signal integrity characterization of high-speed I/O in 3D chip-package system

This paper presents signal integrity characterization of 3D TSVs and interconnect using high-speed I/O in a 3D chip-package system. The authors designed and fabricated a Gunning Transceiver Logic (GTL) I/O Test IC using Tezzaron 3D CMOS 150um technology. The test IC has two different tiers which are labeled top and bottom. GTL I/O is placed on each tier to evaluate the TSV and interconnect signal integrity characterization with IGbps data signals. In order to characterize the interconnect in chip-package system, the test ICs were ball-bonded on to a custom FR-4 board designed for measuring high speed transients. Comparison measurements between on-chip and off-chip signals were performed. Also, the GTL I/O drivers switching was enabled at different tiers with a control signal. In addition, specific data patterns are utilized to characterize lSI (Inter-Symbol Interference) from different tiers.
Reliability, stability, and relationships between infant and parent temperament

Abstract Reliability, stability, and relationships between infant and parent temperament were assessed using infant adaptations of 2 childhood temperament inventories. Both scales were moderately reliable, stability was moderate for the 4- to 18-month periods, and significant correlations were noted between mother and infant temperament ratings.
Upregulation of cardiovascular ghrelin receptor occurs in the hyperdynamic phase of sepsis.

Ghrelin, a newly identified endogenous ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR-1a, i.e., ghrelin receptor), was recently demonstrated to be a potent vasoactive peptide. Although se...
Three-dimensional secondary surface geomorphology of submarine landslides on northwest Pacific plate guyots

Abstract Slump and debris slides form on seamounts as they grow, age, and are transported across the sea floor. Slump scars, evident as amphitheater headwalls, are a good morphological indicator where a landslide has occurred. Radical changes in the lower flank slope angles are also good indicators. Debris flows can be surmised by hummocky topography, with the larger blocks being nearer the main edifice. A cursory inspection of the Pacific plate from younger to older shows: (1) the Hawaiian-Emperor Ridge from Loihi to Suiko at 65 Ma, where the lower flank slopes increase with age, (2) Mammerickx seamount in the Mapmakers on 140 Ma crust, out of the fractured region, still showing moats and having no sign of landslides, (3) Castor and Pollux guyots of the Michelson Ridge on 150 Ma crust, where the debris field size is added to or overprinted by later volcanics, to (4) Hunk, Jennings, and Jaybee guyots in the Marcus-Wake seamounts on 160 Ma crust, where later fracture zone formation may have helped form landslides. None of the older seamounts have been dated. Three-dimensional views aid in the location and description of landslides.
Managing exotic pests under uncertainty: optimal control actions and bioeconomic investigations

Using a real options framework in continuous time, we examine two problems associated with the management of exotic pests under uncertainty. First, we analyze the optimal timing of investing in a control action. Given fixed control costs, we obtain a closed-form solution for when to control an exotic pest whose density varies randomly. Second, we define an analytical framework for finding the optimal expenditures for obtaining the relevant bioeconomic data. Our numerical results, based on a wide range of bioeconomic parameters, highlight the importance of accounting for uncertainty and irreversibility when developing simple rules to manage exotic pests.
Ozone-scavenging reagents suitable for use in the quantitative determination of aldehydes as the O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl) oximes by GC-ECD

Abstract Previously, we reported interference due to several ozone-scavenging reagents (OSRs) in the quantitation of aldehydes using O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)oxylamine (PFBOA) in the analysis of ozonated waters. Scavenging ozone is essential if ozonation byproduct concentrations are to be fixed in time, which is required in a study of formation as a function of time; otherwise, additional redox reactions can take place prior to analysis. We have since determined that triphenylphosphine and indigo-5,5′,7-trisulfonate can be satisfactory OSRs. Both PPh3 and indigo-5,5′,7-trisulfonate react rapidly with ozone, i.e., within 10 s. Triphenylphosphine is insoluble in water and must be dissolved in an appropriate organic solvent (e.g., benzene) that can be dispersed into the sample. When PFBOA is added directly, several minutes must elapse to completely scavenge the ozone, making this approach unsatisfactory. Procedures for using these OSRs are described, and quantitative results are explained. Although PPh3 and indigo-5,5′,7-trisulfonate produce deviations relative to controls devoid of OSRs, the biases are precise and therefore readily corrected for by subjecting calibration standards and analyte-fortified (spiked) samples to the same analytical procedure.
Protein contributions to redox potentials of homologous rubredoxins: an energy minimization study

The energetic contributions of the protein to the redox potential in an iron-sulfur protein are studied via energy minimization, comparing homologous rubredoxins from Clostridium pasteurianum, Desulfovibrio gigas, Desulfovibrio vulgaris, and Pyrococcus furiosus. The reduction reaction was divided into 1) the change in the redox site charge without allowing the protein to respond and 2) the relaxation of the protein in response to the new charge state, focusing on the latter. The energy minimizations predict structural relaxation near the redox site that agrees well with that in crystal structures of oxidized and reduced P. furiosus rubredoxin, but underpredicts it far from the redox site. However, the relaxation energies from the energy-minimized structures agree well with those from the crystal structures, because the polar groups near the redox site are the main determinants and the charged groups are all located at the surface and thus are screened dielectrically. Relaxation energies are necessary for good agreement with experimentally observed differences in reduction energies between C. pasteurianum and the other three rubredoxins. Overall, the relaxation energy is large (over 500 mV) from both the energy-minimized and the crystal structures. In addition, the range in the relaxation energy for the different rubredoxins is large (300 mV), because even though the structural perturbations of the polar groups are small, they are very near the redox site. Thus the relaxation energy is an important factor to consider in reduction energetics.
School bullying, cyberbullying, or both: correlates of teen suicidality in the 2011 CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey.

While school bullying has been shown to be associated with depression and suicidality among teens, the relationship between these outcomes and cyberbullying has not been studied in nationally representative samples. Data came from the 2011 CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), a nationally representative sample of high-school students (N=15,425). We calculated weighted estimates representative of all students in grades 9-12 attending school in the US. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios. Overall, girls are more likely to be report being bullied (31.3% vs. 22.9%), in particularly to be cyberbullied (22.0% vs. 10.8%), while boys are only more likely to report exclusive school bullying (12.2% vs. 9.2%). Reports of 2-week sadness and all suicidality items were highest among teens reporting both forms of bullying, followed by those reporting cyberbullying only, followed by those reporting school bullying only. For example, among those reporting not being bullied 4.6% reported having made a suicide attempt, compared to 9.5% of those reporting school bullying only (adjusted odd ratio (AOR) 2.3, 95% C.I. 1.8-2.9), 14.7% of those reporting cyberbullying only (AOR 3.5 (2.6-4.7)), and 21.1% of those reporting victimization of both types of bullying (AOR 5.6 (4.4-7)). Bullying victimization, in school, cyber, or both, is associated with higher risk of sadness and suicidality among teens. Interventions to prevent school bullying as well as cyberbullying are needed. When caring for teens reporting being bullied, either at school or in cyberbullying, it's important to screen for depression and suicidality. Language: en
Resistance in Bloomless and Sparse-Bloom Sorghum to Greenbugs

Four bloomless ( bm bm ) and three sparse-bloom ( h h ) sorghum entries were evaluated for resistance to biotype C of the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), in field tests at Stillwater, Okla., in 1975 and 1976, and the results were compared with those from seven greenbug-susceptible and two greenbug-resistant lines with bloom ( Bm ). Both bloomless and sparse-bloom entries reduced the reproduction of greenbugs and damage from natural infestations; however, reproduction and damage were not reduced when greenbugs were confined to small leaf cages. Results of tests in large cages suggested that the resistance in bm bm and h h lines may not be effective in seedling sorghum or against the apterous form of the greenbug. Nonpreference was suggested as the mechanism of resistance.
ON THE INTERACTION OF MYOGLOBIN AND HEMOGLOBIN WITH MOLECULAR OXYGEN AND ITS LOWER OXIDATION STATES AND WITH CYTOCHROMEc

Ferrimyoglobin and ferrihemoglobin are oxidized to the ferry1 (+4) state by the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system under the same conditions under which the system causes rapid reduction of ferricytochrome c. Catalytic amounts of ferrimyoglobin exert an apparent inhibition of ferricytochrome c reduction by the system. Oxidation of ferrimyoglobin and ferrihemoglobin is most likely due to their reacting with products of xanthine oxidase reduction of oxygen, O−2 (HO2) and/or H2O2. The apparent inhibition of ferricytochrome c reduction is direct (interception of O−2 by ferrimyoglobin) and/or indirect (reoxidation of ferrocytochrome c by ferrylmyoglobin). The latter mechanism is supported by spectral evidence of one-equivalent redox reactions (intermolecular electron transfers) between ferrylmyoglobin and ferrocytochrome c and between ferromyoglobin and ferricytochrome c. Both electron transfers have favorable redox potentials and therefore would be expected to occur from that standpoint. During autoxidation of oxymyoglobin O−2 dissociation was not detected. This is consistent with theoretical arguments which indicate that O−2 cannot dissociate during autoxidation although the conjugate acid (HO2) can. If so, this would at least partially explain the known decrease in stability of the oxyheme complex as the pH of fresh red meat, meat extracts or oxyhemoprotein solutions is lowered. Mechanisms of autoxidation that are consistent with known pH and oxygen partial pressure effects and chemical reactions, as well as with available quantitative data and pertinent theoretical arguments are discussed.
Writing and overwriting short-term memory

An integrative account of short-term memory is based on data from pigeons trained to report the majority color in a sequence of lights. Performance showed strong recency effects, was invariant over changes in the interstimulus interval, and improved with increases in the intertrial interval. A compound model of binomial variance around geometrically decreasing memory described the data; a logit transformation rendered it isomorphic with other memory models. The model was generalized for variance in the parameters, where it was shown that averaging exponential and power functions from individuals or items with different decay rates generates new functions that are hyperbolic in time and in log time, respectively. The compound model provides a unified treatment of both the accrual and the dissipation of memory and is consistent with data from various experiments, including thechoose-short bias in delayed recall, multielement stimuli, and Rubin and Wenzel’s (1996) meta-analyses of forgetting.
Effects of MoO3, on Phase Separation of Na2O‐B2O3‐SiO2 Glasses

Immiscibility temperatures of Na2O-B2O3-SiO glasses, with andwithout 1 mol% MoO3, additions, were determined and the effect of MoO3 additions on the 65O°C immiscibility isotherms was established. In addition, immiscibility temperature and phase-separation morphology of an Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 glass with progressive additions of MoO3, were investigated. It was found that the addition of small amounts of MoO3 extends the immiscibility boundary of the system and raises the immiscibility temperature by ∼l8°C for each mol % MoO3, addition. Analysis of phase-separation morphology suggests that the MoO3, additions do not significantly alter the tie lines of phase separation in the system, although such additions cause a lowering of the viscosities and the glass-transition temperatures of these glasses.
Effect of Particle Size Distribution on Hydration Kinetics

A general method has been developed for determining the effects of particle size distribution (PSD) on the kinetics of hydration. Given the PSD and the kinetic rate for particles having a single size, expressions can be derived for the variation of the total degree of hydration with time. The method was applied to PSD and kinetic functions typical of cement systems that account for reaction, diffusion and expansion of spherical hydrate layers. The PSD was found to critically affect the kinetics. A key feature of the theory follows with time those particles that have become totally hydrated, so-called “dead” particles. This produces a dead-particle hydration curve having approximately the same shape and location as the overall hydration curve. It can be represented analytically in all cases and gives a measure of the disguise provided by the distribution.
A supernormal period in central axons following single cell stimulation

Intracellular recordings were obtained from caudate (Cd) nucleus efferent neurons in the cat. A supernormal period, as characterized by increased excitability and conduction velocity, was found for the Cd efferent fibers following either a conditioning antidromic action potential, or a single orthodromic action potential induced by direct current application through the recording microelectrode. These data indicate that the impulse activity of a single fiber can modulate excitability and conduction velocity independent of surround impulse activity.
Spectral Constraints on Models of Gas in Clusters of Galaxies

The HEAO 1A2 spectra of clusters of galaxies are used to determine the temperature profile which characterizes the X-ray emitting gas. Strong evidence of nonisothermality is found for the Coma, A85, and A1795 clusters. Properties of the cluster potential which binds the gas are calculated for a range of model parameters. The typical binding mass, if the gas is adiabatic, is 2-4E14 solar masses and is quite centrally concentrated. In addition, the Fe abundance in Coma is .26 + or - .06 solar, less than the typical value (.5) found for rich clusters. The results for the gas in Coma may imply a physical description of the cluster which is quite different from what was previously believed.
Experimental investigation of RSFQ circular shift registers

Abstract Circular shift registers (CSRs) can be used in the implementation of superconducting digital signal processing blocks requiring the storage of data that needs to be accessed periodically with short access times and high throughput rate. The clock distribution networks of these shift registers has the unique constraint that the overall clock skew must be zero. Centered around this requirement, a design methodology for the design of these circuits has previously been developed and presented, resulting in three different designs for 64-bit versions of CSRs. We now present experimental results of the functional testing of two of these designs. These results show correct operation up to 13 GHz and set an important step for the complete validation of the design methodology presented earlier.
Contingent Valuation of Some Externalities from Mine Dewatering

We assess the economic impacts of some externalities from mine dewatering using the discrete choice version of the contingent valuation method. “Dewatering” refers to the pumping of ground water from areas surrounding mines. Our focus is on the dewatering being conducted by the large open-pit gold mines located in the Humboldt River basin of northern Nevada and its downstream impacts. Results indicate that in the short term the mines have created a positive externality for downstream parties. In the long term downstream impacts may be negative, but upstream “pit lakes” will be created that may have some value to users, depending on the lakes' quality.
Novel subcellular localization for α-synuclein: possible functional consequences.

α−Synuclein (α-syn) is one of the genes that when mutated or overexpressed causes Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Initially, it was described as a synaptic terminal protein and later was found to be localized at mitochondria. Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM) have emerged as a central endoplasmic reticulum subcellular compartments where key functions of the cell occur. These domains, enriched in cholesterol and anionic phospholipids, are where calcium homeostasis, lipid transfer, and cholesterol metabolism are regulated. Some proteins, related to mitochondrial dynamics and function, are also localized to this area. Several neurodegenerative diseases have shown alterations in MAM functions and resident proteins, including Charcot Marie-Tooth and Alzheimer’s disease. We have recently reported that MAM function is downregulated in cell and mouse models of Parkinson’s disease (PD) expressing pathogenic mutations of α-syn. This review focuses on the possible role of α-syn in these cellular domains and the early pathogenic features of Parkinson’s disease that could be explained by α-syn-MAM disturbances.
Rapid sea-level rise and Holocene climate in the Chukchi Sea

Three new sediment cores from the Chukchi Sea preserve a record of local paleoenvironment, sedimentation, and flooding of the Chukchi Shelf (50 m) by glacial-eustatic sea-level rise. Radiocarbon dates on foraminifera provide the first marine evidence that the sea invaded Hope Valley (southern Chukchi Sea, 53 m) as early as 12 ka. The lack of significant sediment accumulation since ca. 7 ka in Hope Valley, southeastern Chukchi Shelf, is consistent with decreased sediment supply and fluvial discharge to the shelf as deglaciation of Alaska concluded. Abundant benthic foraminifera from a site west of Barrow Canyon indicate that surface waters were more productive 4‐6 ka, and this productivity varied on centennial time scales. An offshore companion to this core contains a 20 m record of the Holocene. These results show that carefully selected core sites from the western Arctic Ocean can have a temporal resolution equal to the best cores from other regions, and that these sites can be exploited for high-resolution studies of the paleoenvironment.
Crystal chemistry of basic lead carbonates. I. Crystal structure of synthetic shannonite, Pb2O(CO3)

The crystal structure of synthetic shannonite, Pb 2O(CO3), orthorhombic, P212121, a = 5.1465(7), b = 9.014(1), c = 9.315(1) AE , V = 432.12(10) A E 3 , Z = 4, has been solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.054. There are two symmetrically distinct Pb 2+ cations in irregular coordination polyhedra due to the effect of stereoactive s 2 lone-electron pairs. The structure can be described as composed of chains of (OPb2) composition running parallel to (100) that are built by corner-sharing of OPb 3 oxocentred triangles. The (OPb 2) chains are surrounded by CO 3 groups to form complex (OPb 2)(CO3) chains that are linked into a 3-dimensional framework by additional Pb O bonds. The structure has channels that are parallel to (100) in which the lone-electron pairs of the Pb 2+ cations are probably located.
Sarcolemmae from Chicken Skeletal Muscle. 1. Preparation

SUMMARY– The outer sheath, or sarcolemma, of the muscle cell plays an important role in the contractile process and may, therefore, be significant in the changes which occur in muscle post-mortem. It has been suggested that a breakdown in a cytoskeleton of the cell is necessary before the contractile proteins become accessible to water and extractable. One procedure for preparing sarcolemmae involves homogenization of the muscle in CaCl2 solution, washing with NaCl-histidine, and an incubation for 30 min at 37°C. Several factors which govern the ability to prepare sarcolemmae from chicken breast muscle largely free of other cellular components have been studied in this report. These include CaCl2 concentrations during homogenization, NaCl and histidine concentrations during the washes, the pH of the wash solutions, the number of washes required, the necessity of the incubation, and the pH of the extracting water. The purpose of these experiments was to find a procedure which would allow variation of the preparatory conditions so that the association of enzymes with the sarcolemma could be studied. It is known that the association of enzymes with particulate fractions of the cell are sensitive to environmental conditions. A necessary step to allow restrictive conditions of preparation, such as low pH and ionic strengths, to be used was aging of the whole excised muscle for 4 hr at 0–4°C. The function of this aging process is not known. It does not appear to involve solubilization of protein nor major changes in several classes of phosphorus compounds.
Establishing pathways for access to pharmacist-provided patient care.

Abstract Objective : To describe the pathways being established for access to pharmacist-provided patient care and supply recommendations for the next steps in this process. Data sources: A series of reports published by the American Pharmacists Association regarding pharmacist-provided patient care services. Summary : Community pharmacies and integrated health organizations have emerged as the two predominant pathways for patient access to pharmacist-provided patient care. We view these two pathways as complementary in helping cover patients' entire medication therapy needs as they traverse acute and chronic health care services. However, gaps in access to pharmacist-provided care remain, especially during transitions in care. Conclusion : In further establishing pathways for access to pharmacist-provided patient care, we propose that the application of collaboration theory will help close gaps that currently exist between health care organizations. Such an approach carries risk and will require trust among participating organizations. This approach is also likely to require updating and contemporizing pharmacy practice acts and other statutes to allow pharmacists to practice at maximum capacity within new models of care. To perform their new roles and create sustainable business models to support these new functions, pharmacists will need to be paid for their services. To this end, changes will need to be made to payment and documentation systems, incentives, and contracting approaches to develop proper reimbursement and accounting for pharmacists' new roles.
Highly porous and stable metal–organic frameworks for uranium extraction

Three metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) of the UiO-68 network topology were prepared using the amino-TPDC or TPDC bridging ligands containing orthogonal phosphorylurea groups (TPDC is p,p′-terphenyldicarboxylic acid), and investigated for sorption of uranium from water and artificial seawater. The stable and porous phosphorylurea-derived MOFs were shown to be highly efficient in sorbing uranyl ions, with saturation sorption capacities as high as 217 mg U g−1 which is equivalent to binding one uranyl ion for every two sorbent groups. Coordination modes between uranyl groups and simplified phosphorylurea motifs were investigated by DFT calculations, revealing a thermodynamically favorable monodentate binding of two phosphorylurea ligands to one uranyl ion. Convergent orientation of phosphorylurea groups at appropriate distances inside the MOF cavities is believed to facilitate their cooperative binding with uranyl ions. This work represents the first application of MOFs as novel sorbents to extract actinide elements from aqueous media.
Science Motivation Questionnaire: Construct Validation With Nonscience Majors

This study examined how 770 nonscience majors, enrolled in a core-curriculum science course, conceptualized their motivation to learn science. The students responded to the Science Motivation Questionnaire, a 30- item Likert-type instrument designed to provide science education researchers and science instructors with information about students' motivation to learn science. The students' scores on the Science Motivation Questionnaire were reliable and related to students' high school preparation in science, GPA in college science courses, and belief in the relevance of science to their careers. An exploratory factor analysis provided evidence of construct validity, revealing that the students conceptualized their motivation to learn science in terms of five dimensions: intrinsic motivation and personal relevance, self-efficacy and assessment anxiety, self-determination, career motivation, and grade motivation. Women and men had different profiles on these dimensions, but equivalent overall motivation to learn science. Essays by all of the students explaining their motivation to learn science and interviews with a sample of the students were used to interpret Science Motivation Questionnaire scores. The findings were viewed in terms of a social-cognitive theory of learning, and directions for future research were discussed. 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 127-146, 2009
Quantification and the language of thought

Many researchers have suggested that the psychological complexity of a concept is related to the length of its representation in a language of thought. As yet, however, there are few concrete proposals about the nature of this language. This paper makes one such proposal: the language of thought allows first order quantification (quantification over objects) more readily than second-order quantification (quantification over features). To support this proposal we present behavioral results from a concept learning study inspired by the work of Shepard, Hovland and Jenkins.