cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Wheel in the Lab: Innovative Learning Strategy With Simulation

Abstract Nursing students often experience anxiety when independently demonstrating competence with new skills. To decrease student anxiety, one baccalaureate college of nursing's faculty implemented an innovative learning strategy in the advanced skills curriculum. Using a form of educational gaming called the "Wheel of Skills," students self-selected their advanced skill for demonstration during "Skills Observation Simulation." This innovative gaming strategy using self-selection of skill can reduce student anxiety during simulation, engage generational students, and appeal to various learning styles. This article will describe the development and implementation of the "Wheel of Skills" for use as a learning strategy in nursing simulation.
SMT-Based Control and Feedback for Social Navigation

This paper combines techniques from Formal Methods and Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) to address the challenge of a robot walking with a human while maintaining a socially acceptable distance and avoiding collisions. We formulate a set of constraints on the robot motion using Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) formulas, and synthesize robot control that is guaranteed to be safe and correct. Due to its use of high-level formal specifications, the controller is able to provide feedback to the user in situations where human behavior causes the robot to fail. This feedback allows the human to adjust their behavior and recover joint navigation. We demonstrate the behavior of the robot in a variety of simulated scenarios and compare it to utility-based side-by-side navigation control.
Software Developers Learning Machine Learning: Motivations, Hurdles, and Desires

The growing popularity of machine learning (ML) has attracted more software developers to now want to adopt ML into their own practices, through tinkering with and learning from ML framework websites and online code examples. To investigate the motivations, hurdles, and desires of these software developers, we deployed a survey to the website of the TensorFlow.js ML framework. We found via 645 responses that many wanted to learn ML for aspirational reasons rather than for immediate job needs. Critically, developers faced hurdles due to a perceived lack of mathematical and theoretical background. They desired frameworks to provide more basic ML conceptual support, such as a curated corpus of best practices, conceptual tutorials, and a de-mystification of mathematical jargon into practical tips. These findings inform the design of ML frameworks and informal learning resources to broaden the base of people acquiring this increasingly important skill set.
Contributing to theory: opportunities and challenges

Scholars looking to make original theoretical contributions typically must address at least three challenges: Defining what constitutes an original theoretical contribution, positioning a paper in ongoing theoretical conversations, and critiquing prior published work. Based on experiences at the Academy of Management Review, approaches for addressing these challenges are discussed.
The Metals Price Collapse of the Early 1980s

During the 1970s, metals prices increased at least at the rate of inflation, and in some years in increments that heightened general inflationary expectations. But from 1980 to 1986 this linkage was broken. Metals prices declined while general price indices worldwide continued to increase. Chart One illustrates the reversal: The price indices for six out of seven important metals rose more rapidly than the wholesale price index before 1980, but for all seven metals the indices were at or below the wholesale price index throughout the first six years of this decade. Moreover, the relationship of metals prices and the business cycle was severed. The “collapse” of the prices of metals, relative to those of other goods and services, took place over both the 1980 and 1982 recessions, and also during the sustained expansion of the world economy from 1982 to 1987.
The intersection of risk mitigation and innovation: the planning and development of Roman's data management system in a water-scrum-fall world

The Data Management System (DMS), part of the Science Operations Center (SOC) for the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope is focusing on creating new and innovative methods for scientist to interact with the voluminous data Roman is expected to produce. This talk will focus on the intersection of traditional project management and agile development methodologies to satisfy both NASA’s risk mitigation and reporting needs for a “Class A” mission and the development team’s needs to explore and develop innovation solutions for data ingest, processing, and distribution. The discussion will include how modern agile methods and tools are being used to automate traditional project management needs.
Melatonin and risk of mortality in subjects with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Abstract Background Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a cause of morbidity associated with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Neuroinflammation contributes to the development of DCI. Melatonin is a sleep-promoting hormone known to have cerebral anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that synthetic melatonin (or the selective melatonin receptor agonist ramelteon) incidentally prescribed to improve sleep may lower the incidence of DCI among hospitalized aSAH patients. Methods Subjects with a Hunt and Hess Grade I-III were identified from a data registry involving all aSAH patients admitted to our hospital between January 2015 and September 1, 2018. A cohort of patients who received either melatonin or ramelteon during their hospitalization was compared to a matched cohort that did not receive these drugs. The primary endpoint was incidence of DCI. Secondary outcomes included modified Rankin score (mRS) at discharge, discharge destination, and mortality at 6 weeks from discharge. The two groups were compared using univariate analysis. P Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of DCI (15.8% vs. 16.9%, p = 1), discharge mRS (mRS 0–3: 51.3% vs. 45.1%, p = 0.59), discharge disposition (Home: 43.6% vs. 44.4, p = 0.47), or mortality (0% vs. 9.2%; p = 0.074) between the melatonin/ramelteon and non-melatonin groups. Conclusion The use melatonin had no effect on DCI but may improve mortality in aSAH subjects. Prospective studies using a larger cohort are warranted to validate these findings.
What are We Teaching the Teachers? Child Development Curricula in US Higher Education

Early childhood educators are expected to provide quality education to young children based on national standards, but the extent to which these standards are incorporated into teacher education programs is not well established. The purpose of this study was to examine curriculum coverage of recommended quality standards in early childhood teacher education programs and to compare 2- and 4-year degree programs. We conducted an online survey with 175 university early childhood education program directors in the US. More than 60 % of the programs covered child development, program and classroom management, families and community, academic instruction and curricula, and observation and assessment in more than one entire required course. However, areas such as maintaining professionalism and promoting children’s social and emotional development were less frequently covered in required courses and were discussed in only one or several class sessions. Associate programs were more likely to focus on skill development through practicum work, but were less likely than 4 year programs to require a formal student teaching experience. A few differences emerged in the curriculum content in bachelor’s and associate programs. Bachelor’s programs appeared to focus on knowledge, including academic instruction and curricula and observation and assessment, and associate programs appeared to be focused on practices, including program and classroom management. Findings highlight under-taught areas such as professionalism and promoting social and emotional learning and significant differences in associate and bachelor’s degree programs. Additional research should be conducted on pre-service training to assure that training results in teachers who improve the quality of early childhood programs.
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)

Publisher Summary The optical constants of pure gallium arsenide (GaAs) are derived from a number of papers. The measurements of Johnson et al to determine refractive index n and extinction coefficient k were 300-K transmission measurements of thin samples. Slab thickness was known to ± 1%. The transmittance was measured to ± 5%with a Beckmann IR-11 spectrometer system. Surface preparation is described as “optical polish.” The effect of a damaged layer in thousands of angstroms thick can be neglected, except at the reststrahlen peak. The n data is obtained from a graph of a calculated oscillator fit to the experimental points, the scatter of the points being ± 0.02 from the fit. The k data listed is read directly off a smooth-curve graph. Similar less-detailed measurements for k as illustrated by Stolen and his 294-K data are also listed for comparison. The oscillator fit for n is extended up to 480 cm-1.
An Access Scheduling Tree to Achieve Optimal Freshness in Local Repositories

To achieve improved availability and performance, often, local copies of remote data from autonomous sources are maintained. Examples of such local copies include data warehouses and repositories managed by web search engines. As the size of the local data grows, it is not always feasible to maintain the freshness (up-to-dateness) of the entire data due to resource limitations. Previous contributions to maintaining freshness of local data use a freshness metric as the proportion of fresh documents within the total repository (we denote this as average freshness). As a result, even though updates to more frequently changing data are not captured, the average freshness measure may still be high. In this paper, we argue that, in addition to average freshness, it is important that the freshness metric should also include the proportion of changes captured for each document, which we call object freshness. The latter is particularly important when both the current and historical versions of information sources are queried or mined. We propose an approach by building an access scheduling tree (AST) to precisely schedule access to remote sources that achieves optimal freshness of the local data under limited availability of resources. We show, via experiments, the performance of our approach is significantly higher than a linear priority queue.
Persistent, Noncytocidal Viral Infection: Nonsynchrony of Viral and Cellular Multiplication

Walker, Duard L. (University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison), Ping-Ping Chang, Robert L. Northrop, and Harry C. Hinze. Persistent, noncytocidal viral infection: nonsynchrony of viral and cellular multiplication. J. Bacteriol. 92:983–989. 1966.—In cultures of human conjunctive cells persistently infected with mumps virus (C-M cultures), the degree to which viral multiplication is linked to cell multiplication was examined. First, cell multiplication was inhibited. This resulted in a 10-fold increase in virus-excreting cells in the culture and an 80-fold increase in virus in the medium as compared with vigorously growing control cultures. Second, by use of elevated incubation temperature, virus multiplication was inhibited without slowing multiplication of the cells, and uninfected cells that appeared in the culture were protected by virus antiserum. This resulted in accumulation of antigen-free cells and, in one experiment, in elimination of the virus. Evidence indicated that uninfected cells accumulated as a result of dilution of virus by repeated cell divisions, but not as a result of selection of uninfected cells. These data indicate that viral multiplication in the C-M system is not closely linked to cell multiplication and that each can proceed at a rate different from the other.
The Parts of Prudence and Scientific Solutions for Weakness of Will

This essay outlines a view of practical wisdom drawing on the thought of St. Thomas Aquinas. In it, I discuss the presuppositions of practical wisdom, namely the ordering to the end of true human happiness. Next, the focus shifts to the “parts” or elements of practical wisdom in order to highlight the intellectual aspects of practical wisdom as a cognitive perfection. Finally, the essay addresses prudence as practical, the actual carrying out of the right deed, at the right time and in the right way. Here, the conclusion of the essay considers the findings of contemporary science in the search for remedies for weakness of will.
Understanding Latino Family Attitudes in Relation to Latino Gang Members' Substance Abuse: A Content Analysis

Abstract This paper presents a content analysis of ethnographic interviews from long-term Latino gang members whose families have recently immigrated to the United States. Positive relationships within the family, parental support, a consistent and constructive parental discipline style and adult supervision tend to be related negatively to adolescents' deviant behaviors and their association with deviant peers. An expected positive relationship between the parent-child constructs, adolescents' deviant behaviors, and association with deviant peers was not found. Positive family attitudes toward deviance were associated with the number of drug type transactions and greater levels of drug use. This association has been overlooked in previous research. Our study expands the examination of the influence a family's positive attitudes toward deviance has on the apparent progression of drug use in a sample of Latino gang members with histories of drug use. An analysis of structured interview content differentiat...
Rumsfeld's Wars: The Arrogance of Power – By Dale R. Herspring

The U.S. global war on terror has produced a cottage industry of scholarship and investigative journalism intent on examining the root causes of American military action since 9/11 and its conseque...
Stop Six, Ft. Worth

When the police found the bodies packed into the trunk of a car parked in the Shack's driveway, Stanton and me were on the porch, smoking up the cigarettes he ripped off from his job at the Tom Thumb. Mom didn't let us smoke, not where she could see, but she was off doing her bus route and wouldn't be home for hours. Because the high school was only a five-minute walk, she didn't bus me, though she'd threatened to start. Stanton didn't even go to school. He dropped out last spring, a third-year freshman. I was only on my first go around but already fixing to flunk unless I pulled my shit together fast. That I was home smoking stolen Marlboros on a weekday morning suggested to me that things weren't pulling together and wouldn't be anytime soon. We'd never seen the car before. The stooped woman from the next house over met two cops in the driveway, pointing at the trunk and clamping her nose. Summers always hung long into the school year and the sun had had several hours to work at the trunk. From the porch, we raised our noses and sniffed at the air, a faint gritty musk like spoiled meat. The cops slim-jimmed the door and popped the trunk. We craned our necks. Stanton exhaled sideways so smoke wouldn't block his view. The girls had been stuffed inside, tangled and twisted together, made to fit like mismatched puzzle pieces. They looked young, younger than me even, but it was hard to tell through the blood dried brown against their black skin. Hard to tell where one girl ended and the next began, or if there weren't three or four in there instead of two. Stepping out into the yard, Stanton ground out his smoke in Mom's periwinkle bed and flicked the butt into the street before lighting up another, his fourth that hour. He joined the growing crowd two cops held at bay with nothing but stern warnings and the badges pinned to their shirts, sidearms holstered but visible. Men shook their heads at the sight of the trunk, a few even turn ing away. Women cried. Children ran off silent, their eyes bugged, then crept back for another peek. Stanton waved me over, his face an unsettling mix of disgust and excitement. I shook my head no,
A qualitative study of health problems, risk factors, and prevention among Emergency Medical Service workers.

BACKGROUND: Risk factors among Emergency Medical Service (EMS) workers are difficult to characterize and inconsistencies remain about their main health problems. OBJECTIVES: To identify main work-related health problems among EMS workers in the United States; identify risk factors at the organizational, task, and exposure level; identify prevention strategies; examine these issues between participants (EMS workers and supervisors). METHODS: Two types of qualitative research methods based on grounded theory were used: in-depth interviews with emergency medical technicians/paramedics (EMS workers) and focus groups (EMS workers and supervisors). RESULTS: Most participants reported similar health problems (musculoskeletal injuries) and the task related to these injuries, patient handling. Participants also reported similar physical exposures (ascending stairs with patients and patient weight). For organization/psychosocial factors, participants agreed that fitness, wages, breaks, and shift scheduling were linked with injuries, but overall, perceptions about these issues differed more than physical exposures. Lack of trust between EMS workers and supervisors were recurrent concerns among workers. However, not all organizational/psychosocial factors differed. EMS workers and supervisors agreed pre-employment screening could reduce injuries. Participants identified micro- and macro-level prevention opportunities. CONCLUSIONS: The grounded theory approach identified workers' main health problems and organizational factors and exposures linked with them. Perceptions about work organization/psychosocial exposures appeared more diverse than physical exposures. Prevention among all participants focused on mechanized equipment, but EMS workers also wanted more organizational support. Language: en
Re-envisioning the sites and sights of the late twentieth century study of religion

In this paper the author shares some of the findings, observations, and stimulating insights from colleagues and students gathered during visits to various parts of the world.The academic study of religion must now encompass more than it has done until now the effects of modern media and communications technologies, global consumption patterns, cultural mobility, and changing geo-political configurations. Scholars of religion are are being outpaced by these developments, whether because of the limitations of vision, or the shortsightedness of theoretical lenses.' The argument is that sites such as art, the media, Internet, outer space, diasporas, global culture, nature, and the public space deserve critical attention - not just for reasons of content, but because these new or neglected sites offer a potential challenge to our categories and concepts. Focus has to be shifted increasingly from bounded local cultures to transnational cultural flows and the significance of place has to be reexamined. This paper has suggests a number of pathways that are deserving of more exploration by scholars of religion. What we choose to include or exclude from our gaze affects the nature of our discourse(s) through and through. The whole business of "seeing" is integral to both the academic enterprise as well as the political economy of the academic study of religion. This paper highlights some of the exciting new areas that face us as students of religious ideas and phenomena, and point to their methodological implications.
Reciprocal path scattering due to the combination of atmospheric turbulence and rough surfaces

The topic of enhanced backscattering (EBS) from random media has generated considerably research interest for the last two decades in Eastern Europe and for the last decade in the West. Two distinct scattering phenomena that are unique to scattering by random media are capable of producing enhanced backscatter: coherent reciprocal path scattering (RPS) and incoherent random focusing events. When coherent RPS is responsible for EBS, the maximum enhancement factor is two. Several theoretical models exist for EBS from random rough surfaces and by atmospheric turbulence individually; however, no theoretical model exists for the EBS due to the combination of rough surface and atmospheric turbulence enhancement. Simple geometrical optics models are presented that illustrate the EBS due to RPS by the combination of saturated atmospheric turbulence and a rough surface target upon a monostatic laser radar system.
Psychological Involvement and Black Voter Turnout

The goal of this article is to account more fully for the influence of psychological involvement on black voter turnout than currently exists in the literature. Using the 1996 National Black Electi...
Long-term survival in typical thanatophoric dysplasia type 1

Thanatophoric dysplasia (TD), a severe skeletal dysplasia, is virtually always lethal neonatally, although a few previous reports have documented survival up to 4.75 years. We present a patient with survival beyond age 9 years and summarize his growth, development and medical history. The common Arg248Cys mutation in the extracellular region of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) was identified, eliminating the possibility that his long-term survival is attributable to an atypical mutation. This patient (and at least one other TD long-term survivor) have a rare skin disorder, acanthosis nigricans, which also occurs in Crouzon syndrome when caused by a FGFR3 mutation. Therefore, any molecular model of the origin of acanthosis nigricans secondary to FGFR3 mutations must account for the association of diverse mutations and these cutaneous effects.
Predicting river aquatic productivity and dissolved oxygen before and after dam removal

Abstract The potential changes to dissolved oxygen concentrations caused by combined sewer overflows (CSOs) are an important consideration before and after dam removal in many urban rivers. An old 2-m-high dam was recently (autumn 2012) removed in Columbus, Ohio, USA, from the fourth-order urban Lower Olentangy River, which has several major CSOs. Two simulation models were developed using STELLA ® 9.1.4 to investigate the interactions of hydrology, water quality, and CSOs in the Olentangy River reservoir before removal of the Fifth Avenue Dam. The first simulation model, focusing on daily dissolved oxygen (DO), was created to predict DO changes in the pollution found in CSOs before and then 120 h after dam removal. Field DO data in 2009, 2011, and 2012 were used to calibrate and validate the model. The second simulation model, a weekly water quality model, was created to simulate one-year streamflow, gross primary productivity (GPP), and DO changes before dam removal, and to predict long-term water quality changes 2 years after dam removal. Field streamflow and water quality data from 2004 and 2009 were used to calibrate that model. Results from both field data analysis and model simulations suggest that there are great differences in water quality between base flow and flooding periods and that DO concentrations will continue to be significantly impacted by CSO discharges even after dam removal.
SideEffectPTM: an unsupervised topic model to mine adverse drug reactions from health forums

Automatic discovery of medical knowledge using data mining has great potential benefit in improving population health and reducing healthcare cost. Discovering adverse drug reaction (ADR) is especially important because of the significant morbidity of ADRs to patients. Recently, more and more patients describe the ADRs they experienced and seek for help through online health forums, creating great opportunities for these forums to discover previously unknown ADRs.In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised approach to tap into the increasingly available health forums to mine the side effect symptoms of drugs mentioned by forum users. Our approach is based on a novel probabilistic mixture model of symptoms, where the side effect symptoms and disease symptoms are explicitly modeled with two separate component models, and discovery of side effect symptoms can be achieved in an unsupervised way through fitting the mixture model to the forum data. Extensive experiments on online health forums demonstrate that our proposed model is effective for discovering the reported ADRs on forums in a completely unsupervised way. The mined knowledge using our model is directly useful for increasing our understanding of more challenging ADRs, such as long-term side effects, drug-drug interactions, and rare side effects. Since our approach is unsupervised, it can be applied to mining large amounts of growing forum data to discover new knowledge about ADRs, helping many patients become aware of possible ADRs.
Prochlorococcus marinus nov. gen. nov. sp.: an oxyphototrophic marine prokaryote containing divinyl chlorophyll a and b

Several years ago, prochlorophyte picoplankton were discovered in the N. Atlantic. They have since been found to be abundant within the euphotic zone of the world's tropical and temperate oceans. The cells are extremely small, lack phycobiliproteins, and contain divinyl chlorophyll a and b as their primary photosynthetic pigments. Phylogenies constructed from DNA sequence data indicate that these cells are more closely related to a cluster of marine cyanobacteria than to their prochlorophyte ‘relatives’ Prochlorothrix and Prochloron. Several strains of this organism have recently been brought into culture, and herewith are given the name Prochlorococcus marinus.
The Schistosoma haematobium egg granuloma.

Abstract The etiology of the granulomatous response around Schistosoma haematobium eggs in mice was investigated. Eggs injected into the microvasculature of the lungs of mice evoked a granulomatous reaction which was demonstrated at 8 and 16 days. Prior exposure of mice to the eggs or to crude soluble egg antigens (SEA) resulted in significantly larger granulomas than in the unsensitized controls. The degree of sensitization was dependent both on the route of administration and the quantity of eggs. Furthermore, this phenomenon could be adoptively transferred with spleen cells from previously sensitized mice but not with serum. Mice sensitized with S. haematobium eggs and challenged by injection of SEA into their footpads developed both immediate and delayed swelling. Cross-sensitization between S. haematobium, S. mansoni and S. japonicum eggs was also studied in both the lung and footpad systems.
Altered First-Pass Effects in a Liver Transplant Recipient Explained Intraindividual Variation in Calcineurin Inhibitor Concentrations: A Case Report

Abstract Background The significant interindividual and intraindividual variability in the blood concentrations of the most commonly used calcineurin inhibitors such as tacrolimus and cyclosporine makes the exact dosing of these agents in transplant recipients very challenging. As both of these drugs have narrow therapeutic index and are metabolized by hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 3A, we tested the hypothesis that these variations are secondary to varying first-pass effects in the gut and the liver over a period of time. Case report A liver transplant recipient, who had previously presented with tacrolimus toxicity on his usual dosing regimen and intolerant to standard doses of cyclosporine, was selected to undergo the study. Oral and intravenous midazolam was used as the probe to measure hepatic and intestinal CYP3A4 activities at two different time points (phases one and two). Small intestinal biopsies were also obtained for measuring CYP3A4 activity for in vitro studies. On serially determining the patient's hepatic and intestinal CYP3A activities, we concluded that the variability in the dosing requirements is due to altered first-pass effects in the intestine. Discussion Transplant recipients receive multiple medications that may inhibit or induce these metabolizing enzymes, which eventually determine the concentrations of these narrow therapeutic agents. If no obvious etiology of intolerance to calcineurin inhibitors in a transplant recipient is identified, one should consider altered first-pass effects in the gut and the liver contributing to intraindividual variations in the blood concentrations.
Characteristics and consequences of soot in the atmosphere

Abstract Soot, as defined in this paper, consists of the primary carbonaceous particulate emissions from combustion sources. In the simplest terms, it can be divided into an organic carbon fraction that consists of a large number of organic compounds, and an elemental carbon fraction that has a graphite-like structure with many structural defects. It is because of these defects that elemental carbon absorbs light, reduces visibility, and serves as a catalyst for certain chemical reactions in the atmosphere. Presently, two of the most important sources of soot are diesel engines and woodburning, but virtually every process that burns carbonaceous fuel emits soot. As a result of the ubiquitous emission sources, measurable concentrations of soot occur in remote as well as urban areas. As expected, urban and suburban areas experience the highest concentrations. However, significant amounts of soot are found in remote areas such as the Arctic because of the long residence time of the soot particles in the atmosphere. In addition, the soot appears to be present in some areas in sufficient amounts to be a significant contributor to visibility reduction.
Genetic Variation at the vlsE Locus of Borrelia burgdorferi within Ticks and Mice over the Course of a Single Transmission Cycle

The Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, causes a persistent infection in the vertebrate host even though infected animals mount an active immune response against the spirochete. One strategy used by the spirochete to evade vertebrate host immunity is to vary the structure and expression of outer membrane antigens. The vlsE locus represents the best-studied example of antigenic variation in B. burgdorferi. During vertebrate host infection, recombination between the active vlsE locus and silent, partial vlsE copies leads to gene conversion events and the generation of novel alleles at the expression site. In the present study, we followed a population of B. burgdorferi organisms moving through vertebrate host and tick stages to complete one transmission cycle. The major goal of the study was to determine if the vlsE locus was subject to different selective pressure and/or recombination frequency at different stages of the spirochete's life cycle. We report here that the vlsE genetic diversity generated within the rodent host was maintained through the larval and nymphal tick stages. Therefore, naturally infected ticks are likely to transmit spirochete populations with multiple vlsE alleles into naive vertebrate hosts. Although vlsE genetic diversity in mice was maintained through tick stages, the dominant vlsE alleles were different between tick stages as well as between individual ticks. We propose that population-level bottlenecks experienced by spirochetes, especially during the larval-to-nymphal molt, are responsible for individual infected ticks harboring different dominant vlsE alleles. Although vlsE genetic diversity is maintained through tick stages, the VlsE protein is unlikely to be of functional importance in the vector, because the protein was expressed by very few (<1%) bacteria in the vector.
Gidget Goes Noir: William Castle and the Teenage Phone Fatale

Abstract This study contends that William Castle's I Saw What You Did (1965) wrests the telephone from its role in film noir and recasts it as a transitional object in the lives of teenage girls, thereby anticipating the home-alone-with-a-phone slasher subgenre of the 1970s.
Exploring youth socio-spatial perceptions of higher education landscapes through sketch maps

Previous research on broadening participation in higher education and Science Technology Engineering and Math has inadequately examined the role of place. This article explores the socio-spatial perceptions of youth of a college campus and changes in perceptions youth experience during their transition from being a university neighbor to becoming part of a university community. This study uses sketch maps and qualitative Geographic Information Systems to document the changing perceptions of 43 youth aged 14–18 during their participation in a university program. The results suggest that some students started to identify with campus spaces as a university student or employee rather than as a neighbor of the university.
Leading a Plain Language Program

Abstract Since 1998, the Treadwell Library of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) has participated in consumer health activities. In 2003, the library initiated and continues to lead MGH's Plain Language program. This article highlights how the library assumed this role and presents an overview of the principles and practices of plain language. The authors encourage other librarians to embrace opportunities to expand their roles in this arena.
Characterization of lymphokine fibronectin from guinea pig lymphoid cell culture supernatants.

Abstract Fibronectins (FN) in guinea pig lymphoid cell culture supernatants have been studied using a panel of polyclonal and monoclonal anti-FN antibodies to clarify their relationship with macrophage agglutination factor (MAggF), an inflammatory lymphokine sharing many properties with this family of high molecular weight glycoproteins. MAggF contained cellular FN epitopes, and was reversibly bound by antibodies specific for cellular FN. Enzyme-linked immunoassay and inhibition of MAggF activity by monoclonal anti-plasma FN antibodies revealed immunoreactive FN in guinea pig lymphoid cell culture supernatants to share three epitopes with plasma FN and to lack a fourth epitope present in plasma FN. Immunoreactive FN in gelatin-affinity purified lymph node cell culture supernatants was polydisperse; MAggF activity (M r 410 kD) was associated with only 13 % of total immunoreactive FN. Although a low molecular weight FN fragment (M r 67 kD) was associated with MAggF activity in saltfractionated peritoneal exudate culture supernatants, it was not possible to generate MAggF activity by limited proteolysis of MAggF-inactive, high molecular weight FN in lymph node cell culture supernatants. We conclude that MAggF is a cellular FN containing a number of epitopes in common with plasma FN and suggest it may be a unique species of cellular FN produced by T lymphocytes involved in initiating delayed hypersensitivity reactions.
Double-sine-Gordon solitons: A model for misfit dislocations on the Au(111) reconstructed surface

We demonstrate that the reconstruction of the Au(111) surface can be interpreted in terms of a new type of misfit dislocations, namely, double-sine-Gordon-type dislocations. First, we motivate the applicability of this class of solitons to the reconstruction problem. Second, we describe the procedure we have used to construct the model unit cell containing the double-sine-Gordon quasi one-dimensional dislocations. Finally, comparison with experimental He-scattering results is established by computation of the corresponding diffraction pattern using a hard corrugated wall and the eikonal approximation.
The dynamics of a simple model for a thixotropic yield stress fluid

Abstract We study the dynamics of a model for thixotropic yield stress fluids which was recently proposed in [1] . This is based on the partially extended convected model (PEC), modified to allow for a non-zero shear stress limit for large shear rates (PECR), and combined with a Newtonian solvent to enable yielding to homogeneous shear flow (PECR-N) under a prescribed shear stress. We define ϵ to be the ratio of retardation time to relaxation time and focus on the limit ϵ → 0. Multiple time scales arise and the solutions are investigated with perturbation methods, in conjunction with direct computation of the full set of equations. Both PEC-N and PECR-N capture the experimentally observed phenomenon that the value of yield stress depends on the observation time. For the PECR-N model, we find transient solutions that are not expected from prior work on the PEC-N model, such as blow-up in finite time on the slow manifold, and yielded time-periodic flow.
Subtypes of Anorgasmia Via Mathematical Taxonomy

Seventy-six women who presented with a principal complaint of anorgasmia were partitioned into four distinct subtypes on the basis of psychosexual and psychological symptoms using hierarchical cluster analysis, a mathematical taxonomic method. The classification was accomplished with data from the Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory (DSFI) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Comparisons involving age, race, marital status, and social class demonstrated no significant differences between the four subtypes; however, statistical analyses of psychosexual, psychological symptom, and chart-review variables (including psychiatric diagnosis) revealed very significant distinctions between the four groups. From the resulting typology, anorgasmic subtypes were presumptively identified as "low desire" (n = 21), "histrionic/marital conflict" (n = 20) "psychiatric disorder" (n = 12) and "constitutional" (n = 16). Implications of the typology for etiologic and optimal treatment decisions concerning anorgasmia are discussed.
Elicitation of Vocalizations and Pecking in Ring-Billed Gull Chicks

Laboratory experiments were conducted on ring-billed gull chicks to ascertain the effect of different stimuli on the frequency of peer and distress calling or pecking at visual objects. Hungry chicks pecked more and gave more peer calls than satiated chicks but fewer distress calls. Cold, a sudden noise, and pain produced an increase in distress calling but a decrease in peer calling. Conversely, increased warmth and pressure on a chick's back- stimuli associated with brooding - produced the opposite effect. Presentation of visual models, especially those resembling gulls, resulted in an increase in pecking and peer calling and a decrease in distress calling. Models with small visual features were effective in eliciting pecks but not peer calls. The playback of different parental calls had little effect on the response tendencies of either hand-reared or parent-reared chicks although parent-reared chicks emitted fewer distress calls during the alert call playback than during any of the other calls. These results support the hypothesis that in the ring-billed gull, the distress call is a request for general aid and is given when a chick is in physical discomfort or out of visual contact with its parent whereas the peer call is a request for food and is given by hungry chicks, especially when stimuli indicate the parents' proximity to the chick.
Bien vieillir - La voie de signalisation insuline-FOXO et la longévité

Aging is a complex process that is accompanied by the onset of a series of age-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Aging is controlled by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Among the genes that regulate aging, the insulin-FOXO signaling pathway plays a central role, as this pathway regulates lifespan in multiple species, such as worms, flies, and mice. In humans, exceptional longevity - being a centenarian - is also associated with genetic variation in this insulin-FOXO pathway. Recent evidence indicates that the FOXO family of transcription factors plays a key role in the self-renewal of adult and embryonic stem cells, which could contribute to tissue regeneration. Understanding the mechanisms underlying aging should help better prevent and treat age-dependent diseases.
Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Colchiceae (Colchicum)

The pistil of Colchicum is syncarpous, the carpels having open sutures or well-marked commissures and many bitegmic ovules of variable orientation. Although the vascularization of the carpel is also variable, there are usually three dorsal bundles and three alternate, septal bundles at the base of the pistil, with occasionally some placental bundles at that level. More often the placental bundles, differentiating basipetally, appear to establish connections with the septal bundles higher up, at the lowermost ovular insertion level. The septal bundles divide in two more frequently in pistils in which the carpellary suture is open than in those in which it is closed.
Arendt's Denktagebuch, 1950–1973: An Unwritten Ethics for the Human Condition?

Summary This paper provides an interpretation of the movement of Arendt's thought in her Denktagebuch, from 1950 to 1973. This movement results in an incipient political philosophy based on new concepts of freedom, equality, and solidarity. As a contribution to debates on the normative foundations of Arendt's political thought, the paper seeks to show that her incipient political philosophy is based on an ethical understanding of the human condition as constituted by its openness to the divine, the worldly, and the (human) Other. Despite its fragmentary nature and its politically problematic indebtedness to theological traditions, Arendt's private thought nevertheless allows us to rethink her place in the history of European ideas. Beyond that, it also provides a powerful alternative to the view that ethical and political thought must remain ‘political not metaphysical’.
Differences in the relative influence of product attributes under alternative processing conditions: Attribute importance versus attribute ease of imagability

We present two experiments that test whether ease of imagability can shift the influence of a product attribute without affecting its assessed importance in the decision. Results of the experiments indicate that more easily imagined attributes may have a disproportionate influence when subjects use imagery in the evaluation, but not when they engage in more analytical processing. Experiments 1 and 2 differ in the manner in which method of evaluation (imagery based vs. nonimagery based) was manipulated. In Experiment 1, use of imagery was manipulated through explicit instructions to either engage in or refrain from using imagery, whereas use of imagery was manipulated in Experiment 2 by varying the overall value of the alternatives. Results of Experiment 2 indicate that subjects who were asked to evaluate alternatives that were described in generally positive terms used imagery in the evaluation, placing greater emphasis on the easily imagined attributes, whereas subjects who were asked to evaluate alternatives that were described in generally negative terms or mixed positive and negative terms did not use imagery, basing their evaluations on attribute importance. Our findings support the hypothesis that consumers may at times evaluate alternatives by using an imagery heuristic , which involves imagining the actual experience with an alternative and assessing the desirability of the alternative according to the affective response to this imagined experience.
The Relationship between Discrimination and Memory Ability in Children with Reading Disabilities.

Abstract In an earlier study, Hurford and Sanders (1990) found that young disabled readers were deficient in their ability to adequately discriminate the phonological information within syllables. Although the task was originally thought to tap discrimination ability exclusively, it may have required more memory processing than was intended. In Experiment 1 of the present study, 64 second-, third-, and fourth-grade children with and without reading disabilities were assessed to determine if phonological memory played a role in the discrimination task. The poor performance of the young disabled readers on the discrimination task disappeared when the amount of phonological information to be encoded was reduced. Only the second-grade disabled readers participated in Experiment 2, which indicated that memory demands were important to the discrimination task. The results of the present study indicate that young disabled readers may be unable to hold phonemic information in memory long enough to make adequate discriminations.
Automated Docking of α-(1,4)- and α-(1,6)-Linked Glucosyl Trisaccharides in the Glucoamylase Active Site

Low-energy conformers of five {alpha}-(1,4)- and {alpha}-(1,6)-linked glucosyl trisaccharides were flexibly docked into the glucoamylase active site using AutoDock 2.2. To ensure that all significant conformational space was searched, the starting trisaccharide conformers for docking were all possible combinations of the corresponding disaccharide low-energy conformers. All docked trisaccharides occupied subsites {minus}1 and +1 in very similar modes to those of corresponding nonreducing-end disaccharides. For linear substrates, full binding at subsite +2 occurred only when the substrate reducing end was {alpha}-(1,4)-linked, with hydrogen-bonding with the hydroxy-methyl group being the only polar interaction there. Given the absence of other important interactions at this subsite, multiple substrate conformations are allowed. For the one docked branched substrate, steric hindrance in the {alpha}-(1,6)-glycosidic oxygen suggests that the active-site residues have to change position for hydrolysis to occur. Subsite +1 of the glucoamylase active site allows flexibility in binding but, at least in Aspergillus glucoamylases, subsite +2 selectively binds substrates {alpha}-(1,4)-linked between subsites +1 and +2. Enzyme engineering to limit substrate flexibility at subsite +2 could improve glucoamylase industrial properties.
A two-phase flow and transport model for PEM fuel cells

A two-phase flow and multi-component mathematical model with a complete set of governing equations valid in different components of a PEM fuel cell is developed. The model couples the flows, species, electrical potential, and current density distributions in the cathode and anode fluid channels, gas diffusers, catalyst layers and membrane, respectively. The modeling results of typical concentration distributions are presented. The coupling of oxygen concentration, current density, overpotential and potential are shown in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The model predicted fuel cell polarization curves for different cathode pressures compared well with our experimental data.
Use of a scanning thermal microscope to examine corrosion protective coatings in exposure

As the capabilities for control of coatings properties at the nanoscale advance, characterization of these properties at these same length scales is needed. One set of organic coatings properties that is very important to understand and control at these length scales are the thermomechanical properties of the coatings. A new hybrid instrument, a scanning thermal microscope was used to examine the morphology and the thermal property simultaneously for two component polyurethane coatings under exposure to corrosive environments. Through the morphology measurement, the surface appearance on the micro-level was monitored and the influence of different corrosive factors such as wet/dry cycling, thermal cycling and condensation on the appearance was studied. At the same time, the micro-scale thermal measurements and concurrent FTIR testing provided the information on the relationship between the change of the structure and the properties of the coating. The information gained from these measurements on the changes in local coatings properties will be presented and correlated to other studies in our lab on nanoscale properties as well as global coating property changes due to exposure.