cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Morphological Extremes—Two New Snakes of the Genus Atractus from Northwestern South America (Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

Abstract Two new Andean snakes exhibit extreme morphology in a genus of South American dipsadine colubrids. One, Atractus attenuatus, new species, is a slender, exceptionally attenuated snake 420 mm in total length (adult male holotype), with 17 scale rows, a high ventral + subcaudal count (226), and an extremely vague pattern of numerous, closely spaced, indistinct dark crossbars on a brown ground color. Atractus attenuatus comes from 1000 m elevation in the northern end of the Cordillera Central (Sabanalarga, Antioquia, Colombia). A geographic neighbor, Atractus sanguineus Prado, is of similar morphology but differs in having distinct, widely spaced crossbars on a red ground color. At another extreme, Atractus gigas, new species, is a very robust snake that exceeds a meter in length (adult female holotype 1040 mm in total length), with a hint of pale transverse dorsal bars on a brown ground color. It is the largest known Atractus, differing in color pattern and details of scutellation from the several o...
Non-linear effects of invasive lionfish density on native coral-reef fish communities

One of the major goals of invasion biology is predicting the effects of invaders on native species, which is often accomplished by linearly scaling-up per- capita effects with invader abundance. However, the relationship between invader density and their ecolog- ical impact is poorly understood, and it is likely that the effects of invasive species scale non-linearly with increasing invader density. The Pacific red lionfish (Pterois volitans) is an invasive predator that has reached high abundances throughout the tropical and sub-tropical western Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico. A single lionfish can have extremely large effects on native reef-fish communities, yet the rela- tionship between lionfish density and their ecological effects is not well known. I manipulated juvenile lionfish densities on small patch reefs in the Bahamas and monitored the subsequent effects on native coral- reef fish abundance, biomass, richness, evenness, composite diversity, and community structure over 7 weeks. Native fish abundance and biomass decreased non-linearly with increasing lionfish density, with the largest drops in abundance and biomass at low lionfish densities and their effects leveling off at high densities. Lionfish density also significantly affected richness and community structure, but these effects could not be clearly classified as either linear or non-linear. Even- ness and composite diversity were not significantly affected by lionfish density. Given that the effects of lionfish on native fish abundance and biomass level-off at high lionfish densities, it appears important to remove all lionfish from small patch reefs to have the biggest influence on conserving the native community.
A visual-motion fixation invariant

The paper deals with a visual-motion fixation invariant. We show that during fixation there is a measurable nonlinear function of optical flow that produces the same value for all points of a stationary environment, regardless of the 3D shape of the environment. During fixated camera motion relative to a rigid object, e.g., a stationary environment, the projection of the fixated point remains (by definition) at the same location in the image, and all other points located on the 3D rigid object can only rotate relative to the 3D fixation point. This rotation rate of the points is invariant for all points that lie on the particular environment, and it is measurable from a sequence of images. This new invariant is obtained from a set of monocular images, and is expressed explicitly as a closed form solution. We show how to extract this invariant analytically from a sequence of images using optical flow information, and we present results obtained from real data experiments. >
Autoradiographic Localization of Binding Sites for Human Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in Reptilian Testes and Ovaries

Topical autoradiographic analyses allowed localization of sites capable of binding 1 2 C I-hFSH in reptilian (turtle, snake and lizard) ovaries and testes. Specific binding of 12 5 I-hFSH (determined in the presence and absence of an excess of unlabeled hFSH) was observed to both intratubular and interstitial elements in the reptilian testes. Particularly striking in this regard was the intense binding to the circumtesticular Leydig cell capsule in the lizard Cnemidophorus. In ovaries, binding was localized to the epithelial layer surrounding follicles, to the granulosa cell layer and theca interna of the follicle wall and to the vitelline membrane of the oocyte.
Multi-stream frame rate guarantee using cross-layer synergy

Software Defined Networking (SDN) has provided configurable access to remote network layer components from application hosts during application run-time. We have successfully enabled SDN switches to reduce network resource consumption and improve streaming latency in multi-party 3D tele-immersive (3DTI) applications. Instead of forwarding the same streams to multiple participants from the application host, local network switches replicate network packets towards multiple forwarding paths. However, due to the variable length of application frames generated from the 3DTI application, maintaining constant packet rates at the network switches cannot guarantee required application frame rates towards different forwarding paths. In this poster, we investigate the problem of guaranteeing application frame rates from the network layer switches. We formulate the problem and sketch a scalable solution using OpenFlow, which is a standard protocol developed for SDN.
A second linked-reference issue: possible biasing of power and coherence spectra.

The effect of a linked-ears reference on scalp-recorded potentials was investigated in six subjects during an eyes-closed counting task. EEG was recorded from the midline and surrounding electrodes with a linked-ears reference, and from Fz, Cz, and Pz with an active reference three cms anterior (close-bipolar). The linked-ears data were also converted to current source densities by applying the Laplacian. Coherence and power spectra were calculated for the three data sets. Linked-ears frontal relative power was significantly higher than current source density or close-bipolar power at 7-Hz–the frequency of peak parietal power. Also, the linked-ears coherence spectrum was significantly higher than current source density or close-bipolar coherence spectra, and tended to have a smaller range of values. These data replicate and extend earlier reports of distortion of coherence spectra by a common reference.
Addendum to "Failure Correction Decoding"

The analysis presented in the original paper (19TP67903, IEEE Trans. Communication Technology, vol. COM-15, pp. 23-31, February 1967) was not intended to apply to normal fast fading channels characterized by rapid phase and frequency variations. Instead, by assuming sufficient time or frequency separations between the digits within a character so that independent fading of digits could be attained, the analysis was valid, and applied to physically realizable channels.
Long-term impact of stroke on family caregiver well-being A population-based case-control study

Objective: Three-year changes in well-being were studied among family caregivers of an epidemiologically derived sample of stroke survivors from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study and compared to matched noncaregivers. Methods: Family caregivers of REGARDS participants who experienced a stroke event completed telephone interviews assessing depressive symptoms, mental and physical health quality of life (QOL), life satisfaction, and leisure satisfaction at approximately 9, 18, 27, and 36 months after the stroke (n = 235). For each stroke caregiver, a family member of a stroke-free REGARDS participant was enrolled as a matched noncaregiving control (n = 235) and completed similar interviews. Results: Multilevel longitudinal models found that caregivers showed poorer well-being at 9 months poststroke than controls on all measures except physical health QOL. Significant differences were sustained for 22 months after the stroke event for depressive symptoms, 31 months for mental health QOL, and 15 months for life satisfaction. For leisure satisfaction, differences were still significant at 36 months poststroke. Caregiving effects were similar across race and sex. Conclusions: Stroke caregiving is associated with persistent psychological distress, but life satisfaction, depression, and mental health QOL became comparable to noncaregivers by 3 years after stroke. Caregiver leisure satisfaction was chronically lower than in noncaregivers. Intervention for stroke caregivers should recognize both the strains faced by caregivers and their capacity for successful coping over time.
Stomatal Development and Patterning Are Regulated by Environmentally Responsive Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Arabidopsis

Stomata are specialized epidermal structures that regulate gas (CO2 and O2) and water vapor exchange between plants and their environment. In Arabidopsis thaliana, stomatal development is preceded by asymmetric cell divisions, and stomatal distribution follows the one-cell spacing rule, reflecting the coordination of cell fate specification. Stomatal development and patterning are regulated by both genetic and environmental signals. Here, we report that Arabidopsis MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE3 (MPK3) and MPK6, two environmentally responsive mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and their upstream MAPK kinases, MKK4 and MKK5, are key regulators of stomatal development and patterning. Loss of function of MKK4/MKK5 or MPK3/MPK6 disrupts the coordinated cell fate specification of stomata versus pavement cells, resulting in the formation of clustered stomata. Conversely, activation of MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 causes the suppression of asymmetric cell divisions and stomatal cell fate specification, resulting in a lack of stomatal differentiation. We further establish that the MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 module is downstream of YODA, a MAPKKK. The establishment of a complete MAPK signaling cascade as a key regulator of stomatal development and patterning advances our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of intercellular signaling events that coordinate cell fate specification during stomatal development.
The role of Al in the formation of secondary Ni precipitates on pyrophyllite, gibbsite, talc, and amorphous silica: a DRS study

Formation of secondary Ni precipitates is an important mechanism of Ni retention in neutral and alkaline clay/water systems. However, the structure and composition of these secondary phases, and their stability is still disputable. Using existing structure refinement data and new ab-initio FEFF 7 calculations we show that Ni-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy alone may not be able to unequivocally discriminate four possible candidate compounds: α-Ni(OH)2, the isostructural but Al-substituted layered double hydroxide (Ni-Al LDH), and 1:1 and 2:1 Ni-containing phyllosilicates. Hence, we investigated the potential of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) in determining in situ the Ni phase forming in the presence of four sorbents, pyrophyllite, talc, gibbsite, and amorphous silica. The 3A2g → 3T1g(F) band (ν2) of octahedrally coordinated Ni2+ could be reliably extracted from the reflectance spectra of wet pastes. In the presence of the Al-free talc and amorphous silica, the ν2 band was at ≈14,900 cm−1, but shifted to 15,300 cm−1 in the presence of Al-containing pyrophyllite and gibbsite. This shift suggests that Al is dissolved from the sorbent and substitutes for Ni in brucite-like hydroxide layers of the newly forming precipitate phase, causing a decrease of the Ni-O distances and, in turn, an increase of the crystal-field splitting energy. Comparison with Ni model compounds showed that the band at 14,900 cm−1 is a unique fingerprint of α-Ni(OH)2, and the band at 15,300 cm−1 of Ni-Al LDH. Although the complete transformation of α-Ni(OH)2 into a Ni phyllosilicate causes a significant contraction of the Ni hydroxide sheet as indicated by band positions intermediate to those of α-Ni(OH)2 and Ni-Al LDH, incipient states of silication do not influence Ni-O distances and cannot be detected by DRS. The first evidence for the formation of a precipitate was obtained after 5 min (pyrophyllite), 7 hr (talc), 24 hr (gibbsite), and 3 days (amorphous silica). For both pyrophyllite and talc, where sufficiently long time series were available, the ν2 energy slightly increased as long as the Ni uptake from solution continued (3 days for pyrophyllite, 30 days for talc). This may be explained by a relative decrease of relaxed surface sites due to the growth of crystallites. Our study shows that the formation of both α-Ni(OH)2 and Ni-Al LDH may effectively decrease aqueous Ni concentrations in soils and sediments. However, Ni-Al LDH seems to be thermodynamically favored when Al is available.
Using clustering methods for discovering event structures

In the process of understanding speciﬁc situations, domainexperts manually build event models that provide the infras-tructure for reasoning with events and for simulating eventscenarios. Such kind of models are also encoded in doc-ument collections in which each document is representedas a sequence of events. When describing situations intexts, events do not operate independently, but rather theyare inter-related with other events from the same scenario.For example, in a
R-(-)-Deprenyl und Parkinsonismus

L-Deprenyl ist ein wirksamer, gut vertraglicher und sicherer MAO-B-Hemmer. Die Gabe von 10 mg taglich fuhrt zu einer fast vollstandigen Hemmung des Enzyms. Klinische Untersuchungen von L-Deprenyl bei Morbus Parkinson ergaben folgendes: L-Deprenyl als Monotherapie bei Morbus Parkinson fuhrt nicht zu einer Beseitigung der Symptome. Bei Patienten, die Levodopa erhalten und bei denen therapiebedingte Fluktuationen, insbesondere vom Typ “Wearing-off” auftreten, fuhrt die zusatzliche Gabe von L-Deprenyl zu einem Ruckgang bzw. einer Beseitigung der Symptome. Es herrscht unter den Prufern keine vollstandige Einigkeit daruber, ob eine solche Wirkung anhalt oder nach zwei oder drei Jahren nachlast, und ob es zu einer Besserung anderer Parkinson-Symptome kommt. Ein Prufer berichtete, das die kombinierte Gabe dieser Substanzen zu einer Erhohung der Lebenserwartung bei Morbus Parkinson fuhrt. Nach diesen Befunden kann L-Deprenyl vermutlich die Degeneration des nigro-striaren Systems und das Fortschreiten des Morbus Parkinson verhindern. Hieraus ergibt sich, die Behandlung in den Fruhphasen des Morbus Parkinson mit L-Deprenyl einzuleiten.
The Impact of Green House Adoption on Medicare Spending and Utilization.

Objective To evaluate the impact of the Green House (GH) model of nursing home care on Medicare acute hospital, other hospital, skilled nursing facility, and hospice spending and utilization. Data Sources/Study Setting Medicare claims and enrollment data from 2005 through 2010 merged with resident-level minimum data set (MDS) assessments. Study Design Using a difference-in-differences framework, we compared Medicare Part A and hospice expenditures and utilization in 15 nursing homes that adopted the GH model relative to changes over the same time period in 223 matched nonadopting nursing homes. We applied the same method for residents of GH homes and for residents of “legacy” homes, the original nursing homes that stay open alongside the GH home(s). Principal Findings The adoption of GH had no detectable impact on Medicare Part A (plus hospice) spending and utilization across all residents living in the nursing home. When we analyzed residents living in GH homes and legacy units separately, however, we found that the adoption of the GH model reduced overall annual Medicare Part A spending by $7,746 per resident, although this appeared to be partially offset by an increase in spending in legacy homes. Conclusions To the extent that the GH model reduces Medicare spending, adopting nursing homes do not receive any of the related Medicare savings under traditional payment mechanisms. New approaches that are currently being developed and piloted, which better align financial incentives for providers and payers, could incentivize greater adoption of the GH model.
Stigmatization of People with Schizophrenia: Perspectives of Graduate Students in Various Healthcare Fields

AbstractHealthcare professionals exhibit stigmatization toward people with schizophrenia, which is an internationally recognized problem. This can negatively impact healthcare of people with schizophrenia. Research has shown that nursing and medical students also have stigmatizing attitudes toward individuals with schizophrenia. However, there has been little research examining graduate students in other healthcare professions. These students are important to assess because they are likely to encounter individuals with schizophrenia in their work. This study examined 113 graduate students in psychology, physical therapy, and occupational therapy programs. Students completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale, both about themselves and what they believed a person in a narrative with schizophrenia might experience. Students from all programs engaged in stereotyping behavior. Students studying psychology, however, exhibited lower stigmatization ...
Anemia of adjuvant-induced inflammation in rats.

SummaryThe chronic, disseminated inflammatory reaction observed in rats following a single intradermal injection of Freund's-type adjuvant was associated with a mild, non-progressive anemia which morphologically, biochemically and kinetically resembled the anemia associated with chronic disorders in man. It is suggested that “adjuvant disease” in the rat is an appropriate experimental model in which to study the complex pathogenesis of this distinctive but not uncommon form of anemia in man.
Extension of Model to Predict Survival from Heat Treatment of Papaya Infested with Oriental Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The previously published model used for calculating survival of Dacus dorsalis Hendel in papaya ( Carica papaya L. var. Solo)subjected to a hot-water immersion treatment is extended. The new model allows the calculation of survival for treatments including the vapor heat and dry air treatments. The physical parameter needed to extend the model to these treatments is h , the surface heat transfer coefficient. Measurements of h are reported for papaya in high- and low-humidity environments of moving and static air.
Strategies for Obtaining Access to Secretive or Guarded Organizations.

Establishing contacts and gaining permission to conduct ethnographic or qualitative research can be time-consuming and stressful processes. Gaining access can be especially challenging when representatives of prospective research sites see their work as being sensitive and would prefer to avoid outside scrutiny altogether. One result of this dynamic is that many organizations that exert a profound influence in governing populations and regulating individuals’ access to basic needs are relatively invisible to the public and shielded from meaningful public accountability. Therefore, it is vital to effectively study secretive or guarded organizations and fill out the empirical record, which in turn could create the conditions for greater public awareness and debate. To that end, this paper draws on our collective research experience and the scholarship of others to present nine strategies that we have found to be especially effective for securing access to secretive organizations.
The Bogus Science Theorem (and the Junk Science Wager)

A precise philosophical definition of science is as elusive as one for art. However, some candidates are clearly beyond the scope afforded by common sense and good taste. This specifically includes commoditized, dogmatic, approval-seeking, agenda-driven efforts that amount to nothing more than bogus science.
Adventure Therapy: Nondeliberative Group Work in Action

ABSTRACTNondeliberative group work allows group members to generate their own solutions and provides experiential opportunities to transfer learning to life outside of a therapeutic setting. Adventure therapy is explored as a tool for engaging groups in a nondeliberative manner. The theoretical underpinnings of adventure therapy are presented and contextualized within the larger framework of experiential education. Specific methods and models of adventure work are presented and considered in relationship to nondeliberative social work with groups. Two case examples are presented to illustrate the nondeliberative nature of adventure therapy.
Design and Implementation of Digital Power Supply Suitable for Source Injection Type Stator Earth Fault Protection

20 Hz power supply consisting of a square wave inverter and a band pass filter is a very important unit of source injection type stator earth fault protection.This paper developed a 20 Hz square wave inverter scheme based on micro control unit.The design and calculation of the LC band pass filter are given in detail.A voltage clamp circuit is also designed.It can be used to alleviate the impact of fault voltage on the square wave inverter when single-phase earth fault happens,and to protect the internal circuit from being damaged.The developed 20 Hz power supply is flexible,stabile and reliable.
Congenital atresia of the bronchus.

The case history of a symptomatic 14-year-old boy with atresia of a right upper lobe bronchus is presented. Progressive increase in the size of the mass lesion and area of emphysema was documented over an 8 year period. Diagnosis and treatment of this rare anomaly is discussed, with emphasis on the pathophysiology of progressive air trapping within the obstructed segment. Lobectomy is the treatment of choice for this disorder.
Examination of the Role of Galectins in Pre-mRNA Splicing

Several lines of evidence have been accumulated to indicate that galectin-1 and galectin-3 are two of the many proteins involved in nuclear splicing of pre-mRNA. First, nuclear extracts, capable of carrying out splicing of pre-mRNA in a cell-free assay, contain both of the galectins. Second, depletion of the galectins from nuclear extracts, using either lactose affinity chromatography or immunoadsorption with antibodies, results in concomitant loss of splicing activity. Third, addition of either galectin-1 or galectin-3 to the galectin-depleted extract reconstitutes the splicing activity. Fourth, the addition of saccharides that bind to galectin-1 and galectin-3 with high affinity (e.g., lactose or thiodigalactoside) to nuclear extract results in inhibition of splicing whereas parallel addition of saccharides that do not bind to the galectins (e.g., cellobiose) fail to yield the same effect. Finally, when a splicing reaction is subjected to immunoprecipitation by antibodies directed against galectin-1, radiolabeled RNA species corresponding to the starting pre-mRNA substrate, the mature mRNA product, and intermediates of the splicing reaction are coprecipitated with the galectin. Similar results were also obtained with antibodies against galectin-3. This chapter describes two key assays used in our studies: one reports on the splicing activity by looking at product formation on a denaturing gel; the other reports on the intermediates of spliceosome assembly using non-denaturing or native gels.
MYC/BCL2 double-hit lymphoma/leukemia mimicking acute leukemia at initial presentation

![Figure][1] A 60-year-old man was admitted to our Leukemia Service for a brief history of abdominal pain and progressive leukocytosis. At admission, a complete blood count showed marked leukocytosis (191.3 × 109/L) with 91% of circulating “blasts” (panel A). Flow cytometric analysis
A model of human physiology and comfort for assessing complex thermal environments

The Berkeley Comfort Model is based on the Stolwijk model of human thermal regulation but includes several signi/cant improvements. Our new model allows an unlimited body segments (compared to six in the Stolwijk model). Each segment is modeled as four body layers (core, muscle, fat, and skin tissues) and a clothing layer. Physiological mechanisms such as vasodilation, vasoconstriction, sweating, and metabolic heat production are explicitly considered. Convection, conduction (such as to a car seat or other surface in contact with any part ofthe body) and radiation between the body and the environment are treated independently. The model is capable ofpredicting human physiological response to transient, non-uniform thermal environments. This paper describes the physiological algorithms as well as the implementation ofthe model. c 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Concluding Remarks on Capitalism, Markets, and Development

To analyze India’s long march to capitalism this study focused on the process of industrial change within the broader context of capitalist heterogeneity. Despite common sets of economic dynamics in market capitalism, the process of development is inherently evolutionary, subject to structural conditions, institutional variations, and divergent outcomes. Hence, the analysis was rooted in unravelling some of India’s political economy dynamics and the consequences of such capitalist development. On some measures India is doing very well. For example, recent economic growth, the IT industry, and exports are all on the upswing. However, on the broader developmental front India has made limited progress in basic education, poverty, and women’s emancipation and worsened income and wealth disparities as evidenced by India’s multiplying millionaires (South Asian Media Net 2004a).
Myeloid STAT3 Promotes Lung Tumorigenesis by Transforming Tumor Immunosurveillance into Tumor-Promoting Inflammation

One of the most fundamental and challenging questions in the cancer field is how immunity in patients with cancer is transformed from tumor immunosurveillance to tumor-promoting inflammation. Here, we identify the transcription factor STAT3 as the culprit responsible for this pathogenic event in lung cancer development. We found that antitumor type 1 CD4+ T-helper (Th1) cells and CD8+ T cells were directly counter balanced in lung cancer development with tumor-promoting myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and suppressive macrophages, and that activation of STAT3 in MDSCs and macrophages promoted tumorigenesis through pulmonary recruitment and increased resistance of suppressive cells to CD8+ T cells, enhancement of cytotoxicity toward CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, induction of regulatory T cell (Treg), inhibition of dendritic cells (DC), and polarization of macrophages toward the M2 phenotype. The deletion of myeloid STAT3 boosted antitumor immunity and suppressed lung tumorigenesis. These findings increase our understanding of immune programming in lung tumorigenesis and provide a mechanistic basis for developing STAT3-based immunotherapy against this and other solid tumors. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(3); 257-68. ©2017 AACR.
Herd Those Sheep: Emergent Multiagent Coordination and Behavioral-Mode Switching

Effectively coordinating one's behaviors with those of others is essential for successful multiagent activity. In recent years, increased attention has been given to understanding the dynamical principles that underlie such coordination because of a growing interest in behavioral synchrony and complex-systems phenomena. Here, we examined the behavioral dynamics of a novel, multiagent shepherding task, in which pairs of individuals had to corral small herds of virtual sheep in the center of a virtual game field. Initially, all pairs adopted a complementary, search-and-recover mode of behavioral coordination, in which both members corralled sheep predominantly on their own sides of the field. Over the course of game play, however, a significant number of pairs spontaneously discovered a more effective mode of behavior: coupled oscillatory containment, in which both members synchronously oscillated around the sheep. Analysis and modeling revealed that both modes were defined by the task's underlying dynamics and, moreover, reflected context-specific realizations of the lawful dynamics that define functional shepherding behavior more generally.
Spindles, Spheres and a Few Jets: the Radiation Gasdynamics of Planetary Nebulae

We present the results of accurate numerical radiation-gasdynamic models for spherical (1-d) and aspherical (2-d) planetary nebulae (PNe). The models confirm and surpass previous efforts by recovering the detailed morphologies, kinematics, and ionization structure of real PNe. Our 1-d simulations include the evolution of the central star and a superwind/AGB wind interaction. The importance of the forward wind-blown shock and time-dependant ionization in redistributing mass in the nebulae is demonstrated. Our 2-d simulations, the first of their kind, confirm that aspherical PNe can develop through the interaction of a spherical fast wind with an aspherical superwind. We demonstrate that the full range of nebular morphologies can be recovered by considering the combination of wind/wind interactions, the ionization state of the gas and the projection angle on the sky
Are we missing non-motor seizures in Parkinson's disease? Two case reports.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is predominantly recognized for its motor symptoms, but patients struggle from a morbid and heterogeneous collection of non-motor symptoms (NMS-PD) that can affect their quality of life even more. NMS-PD is a rather generalized term and the heterogeneity and non-specific nature of many symptoms poses a clinical challenge when a PD patient presents with non-motor complaints that may not be NMS-PD. We report two patients with idiopathic PD who presented with acute episodes of cognitive changes. Structural brain images, cardiovascular and laboratory assessment were unremarkable. Both patients experienced a considerable delay before receiving an epilepsy-evaluation, at which point electroencephalogram abnormalities supported the diagnosis of focal non-motor seizures with alteration of awareness. Antiepileptic therapy was implemented and was effective in both cases. Diagnosing non-motor seizures can be challenging. However, PD patients pose an even greater challenge given their eclectic non-motor clinical manifestations and other disease-related complications that could confound and mislead adequate clinical interpretation. Our two cases provide examples of non-motor seizures that may mimic non-motor symptoms of PD. Treating physicians should always consider other possible causes of non-motor symptoms that may coexist in PD patients. Epilepsy work-up should be contemplated in the differential of acute changes in cognition, behavior, or alertness.
Theorems for the number of zeros of the projection radial modulators of the 2D exponential radon transform

Theorems and a transformation formula are developed for the 2D exponential Radon transform (ERT) whereby theorems for the number of nodes of radial modulators of the X-ray transform (no attenuation of internal sources) can be extended to the ERT. The results were applied to SPECT simulations with angular under-sampling, and a spectral filter was shown to improve image quality in the region affected by angular aliasing, without altering interior regions that were not affected by angular aliasing.
Amplification and Attenuation across USArray using Ambient Noise Wavefront Tracking

As seismic traveltime tomography continues to be refined using data from the vast USArray data set, it is advantageous to also exploit the amplitude information carried by seismic waves. We use ambient noise cross correlation to make observations of surface wave amplification and attenuation at shorter periods (8–32 s) than can be observed with only traditional teleseismic earthquake sources. We show that the wavefront tracking approach can be successfully applied to ambient noise correlations, yielding results quite similar to those from earthquake observations at periods of overlap. This consistency indicates that the wavefront tracking approach is viable for use with ambient noise correlations, despite concerns of the inhomogeneous and unknown distribution of noise sources. The resulting amplification and attenuation maps correlate well with known tectonic and crustal structure; at the shortest periods, our amplification and attenuation maps correlate well with surface geology and known sedimentary basins, while our longest period amplitudes are controlled by crustal thickness and begin to probe upper mantle materials. These amplification and attenuation observations are sensitive to crustal materials in different ways than traveltime observations and may be used to better constrain temperature or density variations. We also value them as an independent means of describing the lateral variability of observed Rayleigh wave amplitudes without the need for 3-D tomographic inversions.
Vehicle Classification and Identification Using Multi-Modal Sensing and Signal Learning

Vehicle counting, time-of-travel analysis, and other traffic studies frequently require the classification and identification of vehicles in a roadway. Unfortunately, many current technologies for identifying vehicles, such as image-based methods that use cameras and machine vision, are not appropriate for studies that require low-power consumption and low cost. Additionally, privacy issues are becoming a larger concern with the increasing controversy surrounding the public collection of imagery. In this work we evaluate a multi-modal sensing approach to vehicle classification and identification using an ensemble of sensors measurements including electromagnetic emanations and acoustic signatures. A novel kernel regression method is also used for signal learning to classify and identify vehicles without the need of invasive images. Multi-mode sensing, as well as signal learning, is shown to significantly increase the classification rate of specific vehicle classes.
Acoustic telemetry as a potential tool for mixed-stock analysis of fishery harvest: a feasibility study using Lake Erie walleye

Understanding stock composition is critical for sustainable management of mixed-stock fisheries. When natural markers routinely used for stock discrimination fail, alternative techniques are requir...
Ethanol pyrolysis kinetics using H2O time history measurements behind reflected shock waves

Abstract The thermal decomposition of ethanol has been studied under pyrolytic conditions behind reflected shock waves in the 1250 to 1677 K temperature range, at an average pressure of 1.31 atm for a mixture highly diluted in Ar. A laser absorption technique was utilized to measure H2O time-histories, and the detailed kinetics mechanism (AramcoMech2.0) was selected among various models from the literature based on its a priori agreement with the experimental data in the present study. Sensitivity and rate-of-production analyses were performed and showed that the C2H5OH→C2H4+ H2O (R1) decomposition pathway is almost the sole reaction contributing to H2O formation at the early times under the present conditions, allowing an a priori direct measurement of its rate coefficient k1. The rate coefficient was determined to be defined as the Arrhenius equation k1 (s−1) = 3.37 × 1011 exp (–27174 K/T), which is in very good agreement with Kiecherer et al. (2015), where k1 was also directly determined under similar conditions. Secondary chemical reactions taking place in the thermal decomposition have very low influence in the H2O formation during the time-frame selected, leading to an uncertainty for k1 of approximately 20%. The full H2O time histories are useful for validating the full ethanol kinetics mechanism for future validation.
Direct numerical simulation of laser induced breakdown and the associated micro-cavitation in a bio-tissue

Abstract An integrated analysis of laser induced breakdown (LIB) and the associated micro-cavitation in a water-like bio-tissue is developed in this study. With this integrated analysis using minimum experimentally fitted parameters, threshold energies of LIB in bio-tissue under different numerical apertures of the focusing lenses can be determined, which provides similar values as the corresponding experimental measurements. The integrated analysis can also determine the electron temperature and number density when LIB is triggered, which also fall in the same order as the corresponding experimental measurements. In addition, the rapid size increment of plasma plume through laser supported detonation wave during a LIB can be observed with the integrated analysis. The developed integrated analysis becomes unstable when strong pressure wave presents due to strong heating and the following rapid expansion of the bio-tissue under higher input laser energy (compared with the threshold energy of LIB). Therefore, for simulating high energy LIB and the following micro-cavitation in a bio-tissue, a more advanced numerical scheme that can better capture the propagation of pressure wave will be required in the future.
Gas hydrates in aqueous-organic systems: I. Preliminary studies*†

Summary Gas hydrates are ice-like compounds, many of which are capable of existing at temperatures well above 0°C, providing the pressure is sufficient. They consist of small “guest” molecules, such as halogenated, short chain hydrocarbons, which are physically entrapped in hydrogen-bonded eages of HOH molecules (the “host”). This study involved hydrates of CH 3 Br and CCl 3 F. Stirring speed affected the rate of hydrate formation, but had no effect on the total amount formed. Gradual addition of the hydrate former failed to alter the rate or amount of hydrate formation as compared to the single addition method. Closed reaction vessels and low air temperatures were helpful in obtaining maximum hydrate formation. Increases in the volume per cent of the hydrate former resulted in greater amounts of hydrate and decreased efficiency (less hydrate per gram of hydrate former). It was possible to form gas hydrates in aqueous systems containing sizable quantities of carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids. Various solutes were found to depress hydrate decomposition temperature and freezing point to the same extent.
Burnout among Community Corrections Officers: Do Supervisor and Coworker Support Matter?

The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors that predict burnout among community corrections staff, with a particular focus on the impact of supervisor and coworker support. Using the Maslach...
Kinetics of low-temperature methane activation on IrO2(1 1 0): Role of local surface hydroxide species

Abstract The ability of the IrO2(1 1 0) surface to promote CH4 activation at low temperatures (~150 K) suggests possibilities for developing IrO2-based catalysts to selectively convert light alkanes to high-value chemicals. In this study, we present experimental results and microkinetic simulations, based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, of temperature programmed reaction spectra (TPRS) obtained for CH4 σ-complexes adsorbed on IrO2(1 1 0), and focus on clarifying how surface OH groups modify the branching between CH4 desorption, activation and subsequent reactions during TPRS. Our DFT results predict that surface OH groups strongly destabilize CH4 σ-complexes on IrO2(1 1 0) in addition to deactivating surface O-atoms that are needed to achieve CH4 activation at low temperature. We demonstrate that a microkinetic model that incorporates the influence of surface OH groups on the CH4 binding and reactivity reproduces experimental TPRS results which show that adsorbed CH4 σ-complexes preferentially dissociate at low CH4 coverage, but that an increasing fraction of the adsorbed CH4 desorbs at low temperature (~120 K) with increasing initial CH4 or H coverage. The simulations reveal that low-temperature CH4 desorption during TPRS arises primarily from CH4 σ-complexes that are kinetically-trapped between adjacent surface OH groups, and are thus destabilized and unable to access reactive O-atoms. In addition, when the effect of adjacent OH groups is incorporated we find that the PBE-D3 functional incorporating dispersion provides CH4 binding energies that agree more closely with that obtained from the TPRS experiments. Our results demonstrate that the local effect of adjacent OH groups must be incorporated into any microkinetic models to properly capture the selectivity between extensive and partial oxidation in alkane conversion on IrO2(1 1 0) under reaction conditions.
Dehydra-decyclization of tetrahydrofurans to diene monomers over metal oxides

The dehydra-decyclization of tetrahydrofuran (THF) to butadiene was investigated over a series of metal oxide catalysts, where a common set of chemical pathways was identified. Alongside butadiene, propene is formed via a retro-Prins condensation as the main side product typically observed. Reaction occurred at similar temperatures on each of the oxides, but tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO2) and monoclinic zirconia (m-ZrO2) were unique in showing high selectivity to butadiene (>90%). Near quantitative yields to butadiene could be achieved over t-ZrO2 at 673 K and a WHSV of 0.93 g THF gcat−1 h−1. Through contact time studies, butadiene is determined to be a primary product. Methyl-substituted THF gave only moderate increases in rates and the products showed minimal isomerization of the carbon backbone. The t-ZrO2 catalyst was found to be relatively stable with time on stream, experiencing coking as a likely source of deactivation. Complete regeneration of the catalyst was demonstrated through calcination alone, allowing for multiple regenerations with no irreversible loss in activity or selectivity. The catalytic activity of zirconia was found to be structure insensitive, with t-ZrO2 and m-ZrO2 exhibiting similar initial activities; however, m-ZrO2 was observed to deactivate much more rapidly.
Artificial Intelligence for 5G Wireless Systems: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Research Directions

The advent of the wireless communications systems augurs new cutting-edge technologies, including self-driving vehicles, unmanned aerial systems, autonomous robots, Internet-of-Things, and virtual reality. These technologies require high data rates, ultra-low latency, and high reliability, all of which are promised by the fifth generation of wireless communication systems (5G). Many research groups state that 5G cannot meet its demands without artificial intelligence (AI) integration as 5G wireless networks are expected to generate unprecedented traffic giving wireless research designers access to big data that can help in predicting the demands and adjust cell designs to meet the users requirements. Subsequently, many researchers applied AI in many aspects of 5G wireless communication design including radio resource allocation, network management, and cyber-security. In this paper, we provide an in-depth review of AI for 5G wireless communication systems. In this respect, the aim of this paper is to survey AI in 5G wireless communication systems by discussing many case studies and the associated challenges, and shedding new light on future research directions for leveraging AI in 5G wireless communications.
ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY, KNOWLEDGE FLOWS, AND INNOVATION IN U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS†

High growth and progressive regions possess a culture that promotes innovation. Innovation depends on a region's ability to use its own existing knowledge and knowledge generated elsewhere. This paper demonstrates the importance of the ability to absorb external knowledge in explaining innovation productivity for 106 U.S. metropolitan areas. Using a spatial interaction model of patent citation flows with origin and destination dependence, the destination fixed-effects coefficients provides a measure of a region's absorptive capacity. We identify local conditions that shape a region's absorptive capacity and demonstrate it has a positive and significant impact on innovation productivity.
Immunosuppression in Multiple Sclerosis and Other Neurologic Disorders.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by peripheral immune cell infiltration into the brain and spinal cord, demyelination, glial cell activation, and neuronal damage. Currently there is no cure for MS, however, available disease-modifying agents minimize inflammation in the CNS by various mechanisms. Approved drugs lessen severity of the disease and delay disease progression, however, they are still suboptimal as patients experience adverse effects and varying efficacies. Additionally, there is only one disease-modifying therapy available for the more debilitating, progressive form of MS. This chapter focuses on the presently-available therapeutics and, importantly, the future directions of MS therapy based on preclinical studies and early clinical trials. Immunosuppression in other neurological disorders including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, myasthenia gravis, and Guillain-Barre syndrome is also discussed.
The Thermal Conductivity of β-Alumina

The thermal conductivity of Na, Ag, Li, and K β-alumina single crystals have been measured from 0.1 to 100 K in an attempt to obtain information about the low frequency excitation spectra of the ions. All but one sample was measured with the heat flow perpendicular to the c-axis. The Na data, taken both parallel and perpendicular to the c-axis, indicate that the conductivity is isotropic to within experimental scatter. Near 10 K, the thermal conductivity of K β-alumina is a factor of 102 larger than for Li. The results can be fit assuming boundary scattering of the thermal phonons and a temperature dependent mean free path for the phonons very similar to that used to explain the thermal conductivity of glass.
Multifield saturation magnetization of metalloproteins.

Publisher Summary Multifield saturation magnetization studies of metalloproteins have been rare. A fully automated susceptometer with the requisite sensitivity is commercially available. Software required for fitting the data is commercially available, as are inexpensive high-speed computers capable of thoroughly analyzing a given data set. The fundamental techniques for identifying and minimizing background signals are discussed in this chapter. With these tools and procedures in place, increasing application of this new methodology is expected. This methodology is unique in detecting all of the magnetic sites in a given sample. Proper interpretation of multifield saturation magnetization data, however, can still be tricky. Good judgment is required to deal properly with impurities. The technique does not lend itself to exploratory work on magnetically complicated systems because the methodology lacks the resolution of resonance techniques. Even so, several discoveries have been made using this methodology after thorough measurements with EPR and Mossbauer spectroscopies had laid the groundwork. Saturation magnetization measurements are then able to answer a single, well-defined question that remaines.