cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research on Wind Power Accommodation Based on Balmorel Model

While accurate measurement of wind power accommodation capacity is the foundation of wind power planning,power grid operation and dispatching scheduling,effective use and integration of resources has become a hot spot issue both at home and abroad.This paper introduces the features and applicability of the Balmorel model,and makes a simulation of the actual wind power accommodation of a certain province in 2011 based on the model.The result shows that the Balmorel model,when applied to hourly production simulation,can accurately calculate the accommodation capacity of the province within the existing boundaries,with a certain scale of wind power connected.The model can also flexibly simulate increases of wind power accommodation with different patterns of resource utilization.
Inapproximability of Feedback Vertex Set for Bounded Length Cycles.

The Feedback Vertex Set problem (FVS), where the goal is to find a small subset of ver- tices that intersects every cycle in an input directed graph, is among the fundamental prob- lems whose approximability is not well-understood. One can efficiently find an O(log n) factor approximation, but the best NP-hardness result is only a factor of ≈ 1.36 (via a sim- ple reduction from Vertex Cover). A constant-factor approximation is ruled out under the Unique Games Conjecture (UGC), and we give a simpler proof of this in the paper. Our main result concerns a natural variant of FVS, where the goal is to find a small subset of vertices that intersects every cycle of bounded length. For this variant, we prove strong NP-hardness of approximation results: For any integer constant k > 3 and > 0, it is hard to find a (k − 1 − )-approximate solution to the problem of intersecting every cycle of length at most k. The hardness result almost matches the trivial factor k approximation algorithm for the problem. In fact, the hardness holds also for the problem of hitting every cycle of length at most a parameter k′ > k where k′ can be taken to be Ω( logn log logn ). Taking k′ = ω(log n log logn) would be enough to prove a hardness for FVS (for arbitrary length cycles). Our work thus identifies the problem of hitting cycles of length ≈ log n as the key towards resolving the approximability of FVS. Our result is based on reductions from k-uniform Hypergraph Vertex Cover with ran- dom matching and labeling techniques. As byproducts of our techniques, we also prove a factor (k−1− ) hardness of approximation result for k-Clique Transversal, where one must hit every k-clique in the graph with fewest possible vertices, and a factor Ω(k) hardness re- sult for finding a minimum-sized set of edges to hit all k-cycles. We also obtain almost tight Ω(k) factor hardness results for the dual problem of packing vertex-disjoint k-cycles and k-cliques in a graph, albeit relying on the UGC for k-Cycle Packing (but we do get a weaker factor Ω( √ k) NP-hardness result). ∗Supported in part by NSF grant CCF-1115525. guruswami@cmu.edu †Supported by a Samsung Fellowship, US-Israel BSF grant 2008293, and NSF CCF-1115525. euiwoonl@cs.cmu.edu ISSN 1433-8092 Electronic Colloquium on Computational Complexity, Revision 1 of Report No. 6 (2014)
Nonreassuring Fetal Heart Rate, Attempted Instrumental Delivery, Forceps Rotation, Cord Prolapse During Rotation Maneuver, and Rescue by Extreme Emergency Abdominal Delivery

In the course of an attempted instrumental delivery, prolapse of a pulseless umbilical cord occurred, concomitant with total collapse of the fetal heart rate pattern. Rescue was by extreme emergency abdominal delivery.
Agonistic behavior in the Java Finch(Padda oryzivora)

Agonistic displays were studied in the Java Finch. In common with other passerines, supplanting attacks and head-forward displays were observed. However, head-twisting and head-waving as aggressive signals appear to be unique to the species. Backward-waving, another display observed, occurs also in the Cutthroat Finch. Head-twisting, head-waving, and backward-waving are present in juvenile begging postures which have apparently been ritualized and used as aggressive displays by adult Java Finches
Postictal psychosis: A review

Although postictal psychosis (PIP) has only recently been characterized, it is an important complication of medically intractable complex partial seizures. The demographics, symptomatology, treatment, and outcome of patients with PIP will be reviewed. PIP commonly occurs in the setting of increased frequency and bitemporal epileptiform interictal activity. Features differentiating PIP from other epileptic psychoses will be discussed, as will the proposed underlying mechanisms. PIP is associated with a later age of onset and higher IQ scores than chronic interictal psychosis, suggesting less underlying brain damage. Although animal kindling studies suggest that postictal dopaminergic hyperactivity is part of a homeostatic response to increased seizure frequency, human radioligand PET studies indicate its potential role in the evolution of psychotic symptoms.
Work and Health Insurance: A Tenuous Tie for the Working Poor

Despite the fact that most of the mothers on welfare we interviewed expressed a desire to work and to support themselves and their families, the reality of work in the low-wage service sector made self-sufficiency almost impossible. Many mothers in our study found that employment increased the difficulties they faced in maintaining a stable home life, and it frequently meant the loss of Medicaid. The objective of any rational welfare policy is to encourage work and to promote economic self-sufficiency and family stability. However, as we learned, in combination with the insecurities of low-wage work, the bureaucratic structures and rules that govern public support programs are often irrational and undermine the objectives they are intended to promote. In reality, few of our respondents were better off working than on welfare, yet most attempted to find employment whenever and wherever they could. Of course, as a result of welfare reform, they were required to do so, but most clearly would have preferred self-sufficiency over welfare dependency. The case of one young African American mother of four children illustrates many aspects of the work-related difficulties our respondents faced. Sarah Sarah, who we introduced in Chapter 2, had four children that ranged in age from three months to eight years. We conducted our initial interview in the family's small apartment, which was located in “The Courts,” an old housing project close to downtown San Antonio.
Public administration and health care: preterm birth prediction

Accurately predicting which pregnant women are at risk for giving birth prematurely, or preterm, is a difficult problem in health care. Medical science and research have not offered viable solutions for the prematurity problem. The most persistent limitation for preterm birth risk assessment is our continued lack of understanding about the causes of preterm birth. Data mining and knowledge discovery in database tools are being applied with improved outcomes for predicting birth outcomes in pregnant women. In this project, completed in 1992-1993, three large prenatal databases were acquired. Each database was divided into two halves: 50 percent for training data and 50 percent for testing data. Each data set was then analyzed using statistical and machine learning programs. The best predictive accuracy was accomplished using the system LERS (Learning from Examples using Rough Sets). Manual methods of assessing preterm birth have a positive predictive value of 17 to 38 percent. The data mining methods based on LERS reached a positive predictive value of 59 to 92 percent.
Therapeutic Purposes and Risks of Ex Vivo Expanded Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells

Cellular therapy with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, also known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), has enormous promise for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, immunological diseases, and degenerative disorders. Their multilineage differentiation potential, low immunogenicity, immunodulatory characteristics, tissue regenerative properties, and potential use as a vehicle for gene delivery make them a desirable candidate not only for the treatment of inflammatory/immune/degenerative conditions but also for tumor targeting. However, the same properties that make them an attractive candidate in cell therapy could potentially result in major risks to patients. In this chapter, we will review the clinical status of MSC therapy with a major focus on the potential adverse events pertaining to (1) the current methodology of their ex vivo expansion, (2) host immunosuppression, (3) susceptibility to infections, (4) malignant transformation and tumor-promoting properties, and (5) contribution to tumor chemoresistance, all based on published preclinical and clinical data. Finally, we will conclude with a discussion on the fate of MSCs following infusion, an area of MSC therapy that is largely unknown and can represent a potential barrier in realizing the full therapeutic potential of MSCs.
Distinguishing tracheal and esophageal tissues with hyperspectral imaging and fiber-optic sensing

During emergency medical situations, where the patient has an obstructed airway or necessitates respiratory support, endotracheal intubation (ETI) is the medical technique of placing a tube into the trachea in order to facilitate adequate ventilation of the lungs. Complications during ETI, such as repeated attempts, failed intubation, or accidental intubation of the esophagus, can lead to severe consequences or ultimately death. Consequently, a need exists for a feedback mechanism to aid providers in performing successful ETI. Our study examined the spectral reflectance properties of the tracheal and esophageal tissue to determine whether a unique spectral profile exists for either tissue for the purpose of detection. The study began by using a hyperspectral camera to image excised pig tissue samples exposed to white and UV light in order to capture the spectral reflectance properties with high fidelity. After identifying a unique spectral characteristic of the trachea that significantly differed from esophageal tissue, a follow-up investigation used a fiber optic probe to confirm the detectability and consistency of the different reflectance characteristics in a pig model. Our results characterize the unique and consistent spectral reflectance characteristic of tracheal tissue, thereby providing foundational support for exploiting spectral properties to detect the trachea during medical procedures.
Observation versus thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma in the elderly.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of non-surgical versus surgical therapy in elderly patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Methods: The study cohort included 2323 elderly patients (aged 65 years and over) diagnosed with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma between 1988 and 2009, identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database of the National Cancer Institute. Results: The five-year overall survival rate was 23 per cent for non-surgical patients compared with 91 per cent for surgical patients (p < 0.0001). Unadjusted analysis revealed significantly improved survival in surgical patients compared with non-surgical patients (hazard ratio = 0.06; p < 0.0001). Propensity score analysis also revealed significantly improved survival in surgical patients compared with non-surgical patients (hazard ratio = 0.11; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Thyroidectomy appears to provide a survival benefit for elderly patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. High-quality prospective studies are needed to better evaluate the comparative effectiveness of immediate thyroidectomy versus observation for elderly patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.
Suppes–Sen maximality of cyclical consumption: The neoclassical growth model

Abstract In this paper we demonstrate the existence of cyclical consumption that are maximal according to the Suppes–Sen grading principle for the Aggregative Growth Model. The paper demonstrates the optimality of cyclical consumption paths in the absence of discounting for the smooth neoclassical growth model. The process of this verification allows us to develop the theory of weakly maximal paths for a non-concave and discontinuous utility function extending previous results from Optimal Growth Theory.
August Antics and Trumpster Chaos

The first week in August 2016 saw numerous articles claiming that Trump’s campaign and perhaps his mind was unraveling, that he might not even make it through the next 90-plus days of the campaign, and even that he was plain crazy.
Schools must include faculty and staff in sexual violence prevention efforts

Creating a normative campus environment intolerant to sexual violence is important for prevention. While prevention initiatives focusing on students are vital, faculty and staff have a central role in supporting and sustaining a comprehensive strategy for preventing campus sexual violence. Nationwide, colleges and universities recently implemented campus climate surveys. At Emory, we decided to survey faculty and staff as well as students, motivated by our use of an ecological framing of campus sexual violence. Faculty and staff are long-term members of the community, and can provide stability and continuity that reinforces prevention efforts prioritized for students. We recommend that schools use a trauma-informed approach to guide the involvement of faculty and staff in prevention. We encourage colleges and universities to consider the experiences and needs of their faculty and staff, as professionals who serve as leaders on campus and as those who guide students through their academic experiences.
Radar: residual analysis for anomaly detection in attributed networks

Attributed networks are pervasive in different domains, ranging from social networks, gene regulatory networks to financial transaction networks. This kind of rich network representation presents challenges for anomaly detection due to the heterogeneity of two data representations. A vast majority of existing algorithms assume certain properties of anomalies are given a prior. Since various types of anomalies in real-world attributed networks coexist, the assumption that priori knowledge regarding anomalies is available does not hold. In this paper, we investigate the problem of anomaly detection in attributed networks generally from a residual analysis perspective, which has been shown to be effective in traditional anomaly detection problems. However, it is a non-trivial task in attributed networks as interactions among instances complicate the residual modeling process. Methodologically, we propose a learning framework to characterize the residuals of attribute information and its coherence with network information for anomaly detection. By learning and analyzing the residuals, we detect anomalies whose behaviors are singularly different from the majority. Experiments on real datasets show the effectiveness and generality of the proposed framework.
Novel drug delivering conduit for peripheral nerve regeneration.

Objective. This paper describes the design of a novel drug delivery apparatus integrated with a poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) based nerve guide conduit for controlled local delivery of nerve growth factor (NGF) and application in peripheral nerve gap injury. Approach. An NGF dosage curve was acquired to determine the minimum in vitro concentration for optimal neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells; PLGA based drug delivery devices were then designed and tested in vitro and in vivo across 15 mm rat sciatic nerve gap injury model. Main results. The drug delivery nerve guide was able to release NGF for 28 d at concentrations (0.1–10 ng ml−1) that were shown to enhance DRG neurite growth. Furthermore, the released NGF was bioactive and able to enhance DRG neurite growth. Following these tests, optimized NGF-releasing nerve conduits were implanted across 15 mm sciatic nerve gaps in a rat model, where they demonstrated significant myelination and muscle innervation in vivo as compared to empty nerve conduits (p < 0.05). This drug delivery nerve guide can release NGF for extended periods of time and enhance axon growth in vitro and in vivo and has the potential to improve nerve regeneration following a peripheral nerve injury. Significance. This integrated drug delivering nerve guide simplifies the design process and provides increased versatility for releasing a variety of different growth factors. This innovative device has the potential for broad applicability and allows for easier customization to change the type of drugs and dosage of individual drugs without devising a completely new biomaterial–drug conjugate each time.
The efficacy of news releases, news reports, and public nuisance complaints for determining smoke impacts to air quality from wildland fire

Understanding air quality impacts caused by smoke from wildland fire is a major concern in the western USA. The objectives of this paper were to examine news releases, news reports, and public nuisance complaints about smoke impacts caused by forest fires to determine if these different media sources were accurate indicators of wildland fire impacts to daily air quality from 2008 to 2013. Our findings suggest that media and complaints are poorly correlated to smoke impacts to air quality and should not be used as a proxy to establish days where air quality is impacted by smoke from forest fires. With the exception of 2008, media sources failed in accurately capturing ground level smoke impacts. Media sources were found to predict a smoke impact to air quality 32% of the time, while nuisance complaints predicted 15%. Successful smoke management and wildland fire policy should include a more consistently accurate message of smoke impacts. The majority of the smoke observed in Fresno originated from northern California forest fires and on a few days from forests south of the San Joaquin Valley (SJV). Urban cities in the SJV should be concern with land management strategies outside their air basin jurisdiction.
Quotient Filters: Approximate Membership Queries on the GPU

In this paper, we present our GPU implementation of the quotient filter, a compact data structure designed to implement approximate membership queries. The quotient filter is similar to the more well-known Bloom filter; however, in addition to set insertion and membership queries, the quotient filter also supports deletions and merging filters without requiring rehashing of the data set. Furthermore, the quotient filter can be extended to include counters without increasing the memory footprint. This paper describes our GPU implementation of two types of quotient filters: the standard quotient filter and the rank-and-select-based quotient filter. We describe the parallelization of all filter operations, including a comparison of the four different methods we devised for parallelizing quotient filter construction. In solving this problem, we found that we needed an operation similar to a parallel scan, but for non-associative operators. One outcome of this work is a variety of methods for computing parallel scan-type operations on a non-associative operator. For membership queries, we achieve a throughput of up to 1.13 billion items/second for the rank-and-select-based quotient filter: a speedup of 3x over the BloomGPU filter. Our fastest filter build method achieves a speedup of 2.1–3.1x over BloomGPU, with a peak throughput of 621 million items/second, and a rate of 516 million items/second for a 70% full filter. However, we find that our filters do not perform incremental updates as fast as the BloomGPU filter. For a batch of 2 million items, we perform incremental inserts at a rate of 81 million items/second – a 2.5x slowdown compared to BloomGPU's throughput of 201 million items/second. The quotient filter's memory footprint is comparable to that of a Bloom filter.
Adenoviral Vectors as Experimental and Therapeutic Tools

Adenoviral-mediated gene transfer to the cardiovascular system is of interest both for gene therapy applications and for the development of genetic overexpression models for pathophysiologic studies in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant adenoviral vectors (Ad) are particularly appealing tools for gene transfer to the cardiovascular system because of their high efficiency and ability to transduce nonreplicating cells, such as vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, as well as cardiocytes in vitro and in vivo. The disadvantages of these vectors currently limit their clinical application and include the transience of expression and the immune response they evoke. Efforts are underway in many laboratories to improve the adenoviral vector system by deleting immunogenic viral genes or by combining gene transfer with transient immunosuppression. In the meantime, however, the ability of current adenoviral vectors to transduce cardiovascular cells and tissues can be exploited to help elucidate the role of specific molecules in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. In this way, appropriate molecular strategies can be developed for use as improved vectors become available. In addtion, such experiments can also advance efforts toward human gene therapy by providing insights into vector-host interactions, which can help guide vector development.
Female Sexuality During and Following Menopause

The most important finding about sexual expression in aging women is the appalling lack of study and information about it. For the 30 million people over the age of 60, approximately 85% of whom are women who will live to an average age of 70 years, such omission is another index of neglect (Strean, 1983). Wharton (1981) published an annotated bibliography on sex and aging covering slightly over 1100 references, which include public addresses, meeting presentations, book chapters, books, and foreign as well as English language articles. It is fair to estimate that only 25% of those references are to research studies — of all levels of quality — in sexuality. The majority of articles are on men only rather than women or paired male and female populations. My own literature search discovered less than 100 articles studying the sexuality of aging women, and many of those were simple restatements of other articles rather than original research studies. Nonetheless, mythologized statements about an older woman’s sexuality recur over and over. The best intentioned of these are statements that a woman has no obligatory loss in function with aging (Brown et al., 1978; Butler and Lewis, 1978; Diamond and Karlen, 1981; Mancini, 1983; Scheingold and Wagner, 1974; Simpson and McKinney, 1970). However, a deestrogenized woman will have definite anatomic and physiological changes that adversely affect her functioning sexually, and there are postmen-opausal changes that appear to be uncorrected by estrogen replacement (Diamond and Karlen, 1981; Marten, 1981; Masters and Johnson, 1966; Scheingold and Wagner, 1974). The worst myths are that when she develops dysfunction with increasing age the dysfunctions are almost always psychogenic and that a majority of older women have very little or no sexual interest. As to the former, there is absolutely no information about subtle decrements in a woman’s vascular, neurologic, metabolic, and endocrine function accompanying aging and disease processes in aging, and a global attribution to psychological ill health is both unfair and unwarranted. Certainly, for aging males (40 and over) the literature of the last 5 years would seem to attribute almost all erectile failure, the most significant male dysfunction, to an organic state. The reality probably rests somewhere between for both sexes. Statements concerning little or no desire in aging women blithely disregard prominent factors about women partnered with inactive men, the high disproportion in numbers of women to available men by age 55, and the social factors of poverty and deprivation these “excess” women endure. As in other areas of sexual interest, arousal, behavior, and function, it would seem that loss of sexual desire is more the result of other problems than a de facto cause.
Object mastery motivation of children with Down syndrome

Mastery motivation of children with Down syndrome and MA-matched typically developing children was examined. The two groups performed similarly with respect to the quality of their play but differed in level of task engagement and causality pleasure. The children with Down syndrome appeared to be less engaged in the task than were the typically developing group as indicated by shorter sequences of goal-directed behavior and higher rates of toy rejection. In addition, the children with Down syndrome displayed less causality pleasure with object exploration than did the typically developing children.
Connections with Combinatorics

This chapter investigates three special cases of monomial ideals that are important for graph theory and combinatorics: the edge ideal of a simple graph and the Stanley-Reisner and facet ideals of a simplicial complex. Each of these cases is a monomial ideal that is “square free”. These ideals are treated, in general, in Section 4.1. Graphs and their edge ideals are introduced in Section 4.2, and the decompositions of edge ideals are described in Section 4.3. Simplicial complexes and their Stanley-Reisner ideals are presented in Section 4.4, and the decompositions of Stanley-Reisner ideals are described in Section 4.5. This includes, as a consequence, a method for finding decompositions of arbitrary square-free monomial ideals. Section 4.6 treats the facet ideals associated to simplicial complexes, and their m-irreducible decompositions. The chapter ends in Section 4.7 with an exploration of Alexander duality, a process that transforms monomial generating sequences to m-irreducible decompositions, and vice versa.
Injection laryngoplasty in neonates and young children with unilateral vocal fold immobility.

Abstract Introduction Although injection laryngoplasty (IL) is a well-accepted treatment strategy in older children and adults with unilateral vocal fold immobility (UVFI), its efficacy and safety have not been well studied in neonates and young children. Objectives The main objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic effects of IL on aspiration & dysphagia in neonates and young children with UVFI. Methods This was a retrospective chart review of infants and children who underwent IL at a tertiary children's hospital. The primary endpoints were improved aspiration and avoidance of gastrostomy tube placement. Additional endpoints included adverse airway and swallowing effects of IL. Results Eight patients were included in this case series. A total of 10 injection laryngoplasties were performed. Average corrected age of patients undergoing IL was 1.22 years(range 0.5–3.6 y). Seven out of 8 patients had preoperative modified barium swallow (MBS). Five out of seven showed improvement in aspiration. Three out of six (50%) patients who did not have gastrostomy tube preoperatively, were able to avoid gastrostomy tube. No adverse effects were noted following IL. One patient with severe tracheomalacia ultimately required tracheostomy 5 months after IL. Conclusion Injection laryngoplasty appears to be a safe and effective therapeutic option in neonates and young children with unilateral vocal cord immobility and associated aspiration. It may be an effective treatment to improve aspiration and avoid gastrostomy tube placement. Further investigation is warranted. Level of evidence 4.
Evidence for perceptual hypercorrection in American r-dissimilation: A pilot study

We tested Ohala's (1993) theory that dissimilation results from perceptual hypercorrection for assimilation. We created nonce words by splicing syllables containing /r/ to continuations that either did or did not contain another /r/. When listeners were asked to type these nonce words, they were significantly more likely to omit the first /r/ if there was a later /r/. This is consistent with Ohala’s claim that one rhotic can perceptually mask the presence of another rhotic. The patterns of r-dropping mimics the characteristics of real English r-dissimilation, in which speakers tend to drop the first /r/ from words like surprise. We argue that perceptual errors are a plausible cause of the actuation of r-dissimilation, although other articulatory or processing constraints may contribute to its persistence.
On alpha-particle transport in inertial fusion

Analytical theory and models of inertial fusion implosion use parameterized microphysics models. In this paper, we consider the DT alpha-particle transport, and report new parameterizations of the range, heating efficacy, and energy partition using modern stopping-power theory. Our resulting heating efficacy is lower than previously published results, which reduces the temperature and pressure generated by a dynamic implosion hot-spot evolution model, and shifts the burning-plasma regime boundary slightly farther from current experimental results.
The Effects of Rule-Based Versus Principle-Based Accounting Estimates on Auditors’ Going Concern Assessments

This study investigates whether auditors use information in accounting estimates when making going concern assessments and whether the usefulness of information in accounting estimates to auditors depends on whether the estimate is prepared following a rule-based standard or a principle-based standard. We use goodwill impairments and increases in the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, both of which could be indicative of poor financial condition, to operationalize rule-based and principle-based accounting estimates, respectively. Using a sample of U.S. public companies for the period 2005 – 2015, we find that both rule-based and principle-based estimates inform auditor going concern assessments and assessments of the likelihood of failure. Auditors, however, appear to rely more on rule-based estimates when assessing going concern, consistent with auditors placing greater weight on information that is more familiar to audit. The results of a path analysis show that a going concern opinion subsumes more of the information in rule-based estimates when predicting the likelihood of company failure, further supporting this inference. Our research should be of interest to standard setters, auditors, investors, and academics, who continue to evaluate the role of estimates in financial reporting and the usefulness of estimates for decision-making in various contexts.
The Duplicity of Philosophy’s Shadow: Heidegger, Nazism, and the Jewish Other: by Elliot Wolfson, New York, Columbia University Press, 2018, xxiii + 312 pp., $30.00 (cloth)

The recent publication of several volumes of Martin Heidegger’s Gesamtausgabe, comprising the Black Notebooks (Schwarze Hefte), have sparked a new controversy about the nature and the extent of his...
Users Do Not Always Follow Expert Recommendations: Analytical Technique Explains Empirical Data

Empirical studies show that users do not always follow expert recommendations. For example, when a medical doctor prescribes a medicine, only two third of the patients fill the prescription, and of this filling-prescription group, only half follow the doctor’s instructions when taking the medicine. In this chapter, we show that a general systems approach—namely, abstracting from the specifics of this situation—helps explain these empirical observations. We also mention that systems approach can not only explains this problem, it can also help solve it—i.e., it can help increase the patients’ adherence to the doctors’ recommendations—and users’ adherence to expert recommendations in general.
Formulation of A Risk Assessment Framework Capable of Analyzing Nuclear Power Multiunit Accident Scenarios

Abstract During the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi and Daini accidents, the interactions of multiple units at the same nuclear power plant site made accident mitigation more difficult compared to single unit sites. The accidents revealed important multiunit risk factors that typically are not identified by risk assessments for single-unit sites. Therefore, in order to obtain an integrated risk evaluation for multiunit sites, it is important to analyze accident scenarios involving interactions of multiple reactor units. However, such analyses are difficult due to the complexity of potential multiunit interactions. In the work reported here, a framework for analyzing multiunit accident scenarios involving inter-unit interactions is presented. The major steps of the framework are illustrated using a simplified two-unit site. The framework is capable of providing accident mitigation suggestions based upon analysis results. In this work, accident scenarios inspired by the Fukushima Daiichi and Daini experiences are selected as analysis subjects. By analyzing these scenarios and providing corresponding accident mitigation suggestions, the capabilities of the framework are illustrated.
Is perceived burdensomeness present in the lives of famous suicides? A lack of support for the interpersonal theory of suicide.

The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS) proposes that suicide is the result of three constructs: perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belonging, and the acquired capability for suicide. To explore...
SERJ 2020 REFEREES

Acknowledgment: We are grateful to the people who acted as referees for all issues of the Statistics Education Research Journal published this year. First published December 2020 at Statistics Education Research Journal: Archives
The Incomplete, Outdated, Incorrect, and Unknown: Mitigating Threats of Knowledge Errors in High-Performance Primary Care

Professional service work (e.g., health care, law, accounting, management consulting) is knowledge-intensive and client-dependent for the quantity and quality of available information. Knowledge er...
Cytologic findings in effusions from patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is associated with “flu-like” upper respiratory tract symptoms and pneumonia. Body cavity effusions develop in a subset of patients with advanced disease. Although SARS-CoV-2 is known to be present in certain body fluids (eg, blood) of COVID patients, it remains unclear if body cavity fluids are sites of infection. Our aim was to characterize the cytologic and clinical findings in COVID-19 patients with effusions. Materials and methods A record search for all cases of body cavity effusion cytology in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients from March 1, 2020, to September 1, 2020, was performed. Clinical history, fluid chemical analysis, cytologic findings, and patient outcomes were recorded. All cytology slides were reviewed. In situ hybridization (ISH) targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein transcript (V-nCoV2019-S) was performed on cell block material in all cases. Results A total of 17 effusion cytology cases were identified among 15 COVID patients, including 13 pleural, 2 pericardial, and 2 peritoneal. Most (13 of 15) patients were hospitalized for COVID complications. Eight patients died during hospitalization, 7 from COVID complications. All fluids were transudative by protein criteria. Lymphocytic or histiocytic inflammation predominated in 12 of 17 cases. Five exhibited hemophagocytosis. No viral cytopathic changes or extra-medullary megakaryocytes were seen. Viral RNA was not detected in any case by ISH. Conclusions Body cavity effusion is an ominous finding in patients with advanced COVID-19 disease. Such effusions tend to be transudative with lymphohistiocytic inflammation, and commonly exhibit hemophagocytosis, an otherwise rare finding in effusion cytologies. No direct infection of cellular elements by SARS-CoV-2 was identified by ISH.
John F. Kennedy and the Liberal Persuasion

John F. Kennedy looms large in the public imagination and has long captured the interest of rhetorical critics and scholars of the U.S. presidency. In this deeply researched and elegantly written b...
Molecular Mechanisms of Anti-Asthma Therapy

Asthma is one of the commonest chronic disease world-wide and anti-asthma medications are widely prescribed. Asthma is a complex chronic inflammatory disease, involving many cells, mediators and inflammatory responses. Current anti-asthma therapy is categorized as bronchodilator (β2-agonists, theophylline, anticholinergics) or anti-inflammatory (glucocorticosteroids, cromones, immunomodulators), although the distinction is not always clear-cut. Bronchodilators are believed to act predominately by relaxing airway smooth muscle, whereas anti-inflammatory drugs suppress the inflammatory response in asthmatic airways.
Today's mainstream commercial microprocessors-raising the bar on performance for military and avionics designs

With modern day avionics and weapons systems requiring a never-ending increase in performance, the military and aerospace industry must learn to adopt the latest microprocessor technology for these designs. Microprocessor performance level requirements which typically were at or below 50 MIPS in the avionics market are now exceeding the 50 MIP requirement. Only today's high-end microprocessors utilizing advanced design techniques for the PC, notebook, server and workstation markets can meet this performance requirement. To utilize today's microprocessors in the military and aerospace industries requires some modifications in silicon for power management and some additional peripheral integration. The highly competitive portable PC or notebook market is driving new proliferations of these high-end microprocessors providing the high-performance, low-power embedded processors ideal for the military and aerospace marketplace. Extended temperature and military offerings of these new generation products are emerging for these markets. The authors look at the current state of the military and aerospace marketplace. They explore today's high-end microprocessors and commercial markets that are driving the embedded processors suitable for the military and aerospace applications. Design trends to increase processor performance are discussed with a few words of caution for future high-end microprocessors.
Catching‐up through staged development and innovation: The case of Chinese telecom companies

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework of staged development that examines strategies of domestic companies, government policies, and impacts of foreign multinational companies (MNCs) at different periods of catch‐up of latecomers.Design/methodology/approach – A multi‐case approach is employed to examine four domestic telecom‐equipment companies that have significant impact on China's telecom‐equipment industry. They are: Huawei Technology Corporation (Huawei), Shenzhen Zhongxin Technology Corporation (ZTE), Datang Telecom Technology Corporation, Ltd (Datang), and Great Dragon Information Technology (GDT).Findings – This paper identifies four distinct stages of the catching‐up process, featuring different institutional environment, government involvement, and the ensuing actions of foreign MNCs and domestic companies. During the initial stage, China's government decision of directly leapfrogging to the most advanced switch equipment had a profound impact, because it led t...
Cryogenic preservation of monocytes from human blood and plateletpheresis cellular residues

Abstract : A separation procedure was devised for the isolation of human monocytes from buffy coat of whole blood and the cellular residues in platelet bags after plateletpheresis of donors with the Haemonetics Model 30 Cell Processor. The mononuclear cells were isolated using Ficoll-Isopaque (Lymphoprep) and monocytes were then separated from lymphocytes by centrifugal cytography using two separation chambers in a Beckman JE-6 rotor. About 30,000,000 monocytes were obtained from 100 ml of whole blood. These were 93% myeloperoxidase positive (MPO), while 98% showed intact membranes in the fluorescein diacetate (FDA)eithidium bromide (EB) test. Eight-seven percent ingested 1-5 or more opsonized latex particles and 93% ingested 1 or more ethidium-treated zymosan particles. In three procedures 1,000,000,000 monocytes were obtained from cellular residues in platelet bags. Monocytes were frozen using 5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES), 4% albumin, and 56 mM glucose in Normosol-R, pH 7.1. Two ml aliquots containing 6.7 x 10 to the sixth power - 7.2 x 10 to the sixth power monocytes were cooled at 4 C per minute to -80 C, transferred and stored for 1 to 3 months in liquid nitrogen. After storage for periods up to 3 months, they were thawed. In some studies the monocytes were diluted to reduce the DMSO to 1.25 percent and in others the monocytes were washed with a 4-fold volume of the solution used to freeze them, but without DMSO. Ninety-eight percent of monocytes frozen were recovered morphologically intact, 90 percent were MPO positive, and 87 percent were FDA positive.
Energy input-output analysis: A simple guide

Abstract Among measures of energy use in producing commodities are input-output based energy intensities which consider energy inputs from all sources, direct and indirect, in determining total energy requirements. Such intensities are useful in determining expected changes in energy demand given changes in the composition of industrial output. This paper presents the basic theory and assumptions of energy input-output analysis, discusses its role in the area of energy analysis, and considers problems associated with its use.
Transaction Processing in a Mobile, Multi-Database Environment

Current distributed and multi-database systems are designed to allow timely and reliable access to large amounts of data distributed at different locations. Changes in current technology now allow users to access this data via a wide variety of devices through a diverse communication medium. A mobile data access system is an environment in which a wireless-mobile computing environment is superimposed upon a multi-database environment in order to realize “anywhere, anytime” access capability. As a potentially large number of users may siultaneously access the available data, there are several issues involved in the ability to concurrently manage transactions. Current multi-database concurrency control schemes do not efficiently manage these accesses because they do not address the limited bandwidth and frequent disconnections associated with wireless networks. This paper first introduces the so-called mobile data access system (MDAS) and then proposes a new hierarchical concurrency control algorithm. The proposed concurrency control algorithm, v-lock, uses global locking tables created with semantic information contained within the hierarchy. The locking tables are subsequently used to serialize global transactions, and detect and remove global deadlocks. The performance of the new algorithm is simulated and the results are presented. In addition (through simulation) the performance of the proposed algorithm has been compared and contrasted against the site graph method, the potential conflict graph method, and the forced conflict method
The thiobarbituric acid assay of sialic acids.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the different aspects of thiobarbituric acid assay of sialic acid. Periodate oxidation of the neuraminic acid backbone of sialic acids results in the formation of β -formylpyruvic acid from carbon atoms 1 to 4. The N -acetyl or N -glycolyl group of sialic acids apparently does not interfere with periodate oxidation. β -Formylpyruvic acid is coupled with 2-thiobarbituric acid to form a red chromophore with a maximum absorption at 549 mμ. It is found that as only free sialic acids are reactive in the assay, hydrolysis of sialic acid-containing material must be carried out for the measurement of total sialic acids. The assay is suitable for measuring the release of bound sialic acid by sialidase. A series of 2-keto, 3-deoxy sugar acids, found in bacteria, also react in the thiobarbituric acid assay. These produce a chromogen with a peak at 549 mμ. They can be readily distinguished from sialic acids because they are not reactive in the orcinol or direct Ehrlich assays for sialic acids. The hydrolysis frees all the sialic acids from several mucoproteins that have been tested except for brain tissue where release of sialic acids takes place for several hours.
Studies on the mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation. IV. Pyridine nucleotide binding and its relation to activity in heart mitochondria.

Abstract The oxidative phosphorylation activity of beef-heart particles with respect to the substrates of pyridino-protein enzymes is directly proportional to the amount of particle-bound pyridine nucleotides. The pyridine nucleotide content of the different particle types decreases in the following order: heavy particles, light particles, PETP and ETP. When particles are incubated aerobically, the pyridine nucleotides are released and rapidly destroyed, and simultaneously the capacity for pyridine nucleotide-linked oxidation declines. This loss of activity can be restored completely by addition of DPN and EDTA to the assay. After long-term aerobic incubations of mitochondria, the oxidation induced by DPN and EDTA is largely uncoupled. However, further addition of bovine serum albumin during the assay leads to restoration of a considerable proportion of the lost capacity for oxidative phosphorylation. The inactivation due to aerobic incubation can be prevented under anaerobic conditions or by addition to the incubation medium of substrates, EDTA, Mn ++ or Mg ++ . These effects, particularly in the case of protection by EDTA, are due to inhibition of the release of particle-bound pyridine nucleotides. The implications of these results with respect to the possible factors involved in binding of pyridine nucleotides are discussed.
Effect of carbon nanotube interfacial geometry on thermal transport in solid–liquid phase change materials

Abstract For nearly two decades, research groups have attempted to increase the thermal conductivity of bulk materials by saturating them with different concentrations and types of nanoparticles. However, optimal enhancements in the thermal conductivity of these materials continue to go unrealized, primarily due to interfacial phenomena that impede phonon propagation from the bulk material to the nanoparticle or between individual, contacting nanoparticles. Though it is almost certain that interfacial resistances between contacting nanoparticles are responsible for the underwhelming thermal performance of nanoparticles in bulk materials, the physical mechanisms that limit thermal transport at nanoparticle junctions is not well understood. In this study, we investigate the effect of nanoparticle constriction size (i.e. the contact area between linked nanoparticles) on the bulk thermal conductivity of a surrounding paraffin-based phase change material. To this end, we measure the effective thermal conductivity of different Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT)/paraffin nanocomposites is measured with the transient plane source technique. Using a newly developed physical model, the interfacial thermal resistance between the contacting nanoparticles is determined as a function of the constriction geometry. Results suggest that the thermal conductance (i.e. the rate of heat transfer) between contacting MWCNTs can be increased by a factor of 27 by increasing their diameter by only 58 nm. This is in direct conflict with effective medium approximations, which predict an increase in the bulk thermal conductivity of MWCNT–PCM composites when MWCNT diameters are reduced. Such a result indicates that the contact area between individual, contacting nanoparticles has a significant impact on thermal transport within the PCM nanocomposite, and therefore its bulk thermal conductivity. It is expected that these results will strongly impact the design of nanoparticle-laden PCMs.