cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition of Epitaxial Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10−x Thin Films

Superconducting thin films of Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10−x (TL-2223) have been grown on single crystal (110) LaAlO3 using a two-step process. Ba2Ca2Cu3Ox precursor films are deposited via metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) in a horizontal hot walled reactor. The second generation precursors Ba(hfa)2•tet, Ca(hfa)2•tet, and Cu(hfa)2 (hfa = hexafluoroacetylacetonate, tet = tetraglyme) were used as volatile metal sources due to their superior volatility and stability. Tl was introduced into the film via a high temperature post anneal in the presence of a Tl2O3:BaO:CaO:CuO pellet (1:2:2:3 ratio). Low O2 partial pressures were used to reduce the temperature in which the TI-2223 phase forms and to improve the surface morphology associated with a liquid phase intermediate. Films are highly oriented with the c-axis perpendicular to the substrate and a-b axis epitaxy is seen from x-ray φ- scans. The best films have a resistively measured Tc of 115K and a magnetically derived Jc of 6×105 A/cm2 (77K, 0 T). Preliminary surface resistance measurements, using parallel plate techniques, give Rs = 0.35 mΩ at 5K (ω = 10 GHz).
Assessment of Morbidity and Mortality after Adrenalectomy Using a Modified Frailty Index – A NSQIP Analysis

METHODS: The NSQIP participant use file was queried to identify 4,835 patients who underwent laparoscopic (n 1⁄4 3733) and open (n 1⁄4 1102) adrenalectomy between 2005 and 2012. A previously described and validated modified frailty index (mFI) was calculated on the basis of NSQIP variables. Our primary outcomes were overall morbidity, Clavien class IV (requiring critical care support), and Clavien class V (mortality) complications.
Free thyroxine and triiodothyronine.

(1971). Free Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine. CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 223-242.
Dual Activation of Adenylate Cyclase and Phospholipase C by Prostaglandins of the E and I Series in Bovine Luteal Cells

Maintenance of the corpus luteum (CL) is dependent on a balance between a number of luteotropic and luteolytic factors (recently reviewed in references 1 and 2). Prostaglandins (PG) are important paracrine and endocrine factors which control CL function. Prostaglandins of the E and I series stimulate steroidogenesis in bovine luteal tissues (2–4), presumably via their ability to activate adenylate cyclase (4,5). Thus, their actions are analogous to the stimulatory actions of luteinizing hormone (LH) on adenylate cyclase and progesterone synthesis. Although PGF2α has a luteolytic effect in vivo, PGF2α also stimulates progesterone synthesis in incubations of cells (2) or slices (3,6) of bovine luteal tissue in vitro. This luteotropic action of PGF2α, however, does not involve the activation of adenylate cyclase (4) or an increase in cAMP (4,7) in bovine luteal tissue. Instead, PGF22α stimulates the inositol phospholipid-phospholipase C transmembrane signalling system (7–10). This system is coupled to increases in intracellular calcium and protein kinase C activation (8,10,11). Recent studies also show that LH activates the inositol phospholipid-phospholipase C signalling system in bovine luteal cells (12,13). The present studies were performed to examine whether the luteotropic prostaglandins of the E and I series also activate this transmembrane signalling system.
An Economic Impact Of Marylands Coastal Bays: A Goal Programming Approach

The purpose of this paper is to present a lexicographic goal programming (LGP) model to assess fishery management and related activities and their economic impact on Marylands Coastal Bays. The LGP model is designed to illustrate how LGP can be used as an aid to solving fishery management and related activities with multiple objectives. The technique allows us to find the optimal solution, based on the priorities of the goals in a decision-making environment. In this study, we have used LGP to examine a set of goals and objectives as they relate to the socioeconomic significance of fishery management in Marylands Coastal Bays.
3D frequency-domain electromagnetics modeling using decoupled scalar and vector potentials

We present a solution to Maxwell’s equations using decoupled scalar and vector potentials in the frequency-domain. The decoupling is achieved using a Schur decomposition, and has numerous attractive attributes. A finite-difference numerical solution is presented, in which the symmetry of the underlying problem is retained and exploited to reduce memory requirements and problem size. The decoupled problems are well-posed, and excellent performance can be realized using reusable preconditioners that are independent of conductivity model or source frequency.
Molecular alignment and orientation with a hybrid Raman scattering technique

We demonstrate a scheme for the preparation of molecular alignment and angular momentum orientation using a hybrid combination of two limits of Raman scattering. First a weak, impulsive pump pulse initializes the system via the nonresonant dynamic Stark effect. Then, having overcome the influence of the vacuum fluctuations, an amplification pulse selectively enhances the initial coherences by transient stimulated Raman scattering, generating alignment and angular momentum orientation of molecular hydrogen. The amplitude and phase of the resulting coherent dynamics are experimentally probed, indicating an amplification factor of $4.5$. An analytic theory is developed to model the dynamics.
Dynamic Phantom Measurements to Validate a Tomographic Optical Breast Imaging System

We validated the temporal imaging performance of our second generation tomographic optical breast imaging system (TOBI2) by performing measurements on a silicone phantom containing spherical glass-free inclusions. The rise time was less than 6 s.
Occlusive arterial disease of the extremities; medical treatment.

Organic occlusive arterial disease of the extremities may be corrected by removal of the occlusion by enzymatic or other means; functional diseases are treated by appropriate drugs or procedures that release excessive vasoconstrictor tone. Details of treatment with drugs that have been found to be effective are given.
Preoperative evaluation for noncardiac surgery.

Guidelines from the American College of Physicians (ACP) and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) address the preoperative evaluation of patients for noncardiac surgery.
The Internet and the Advantages of Autocratic Design, 1970s–1990s

The standards elephant of yesterday - OSI. The standards elephant of today - it’s right here. As the Internet and its community grows, how do we manage the process of change and growth? Open process – let all voices be heard. Closed process – make progress. Quick process – keep up with reality. Slow process – leave time to think. Market driven process – the future is commercial. Scaling driven process – the future is the Internet. We reject: kings, presidents and voting. We believe in: rough consensus and running code. – David D. Clark, “A Cloudy Crystal Ball,” 1992 By all accounts, David Clark’s plenary address at the July 1992 meeting of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) was a transformative moment in the history of networking. There was a palpable tension in the sessions leading up to Clark’s talk, which occurred at the end of the final session on the fourth day of a contentious i ve-day meeting. Clark, a senior research scientist in MIT’s Laboratory for Computer Science, had been a leading member of the Internet technical community since 1976. Clark’s title, “A Cloudy Crystal Ball,” suggested uncertainty, but his “alternate title” – “Apocalypse Now” – better encapsulated the tone of his remarks. He used the occasion to cajole Internet engineers into paying more attention to technical problems that threatened the Internet’s continued growth and success. Like many people in the audience, Clark worried about the strains that the commercialization of the early 1990s was placing on the technical capabilities of the Internet. However, he was more deeply concerned by fundamental problems with the security of the Internet, as one of his slides made plain: “Security is a CRITICAL problem. Lack of security means the END OF LIFE AS WE KNOW IT.”
A Profile of the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) Provider Network: Results from the Year 1 NBCCEDP Survey of Program Implementation

This article is the first time that details of the NBCCEDP provider network have been reported. These data are being used to better understand where services are delivered, improve program implementation, and guide future NBCCEDP program policy.
Substituent dependent layer topologies in copper isophthalate coordination polymers containing long-spanning dipyridylamide ligands

Abstract Hydrothermal reaction of copper nitrate, a 5-position substituted isophthalic acid, and the long-spanning dipyridylamide ligand 1,6-hexanediaminebis(nicotinamide) (hbn) resulted in two new coordination polymers whose layer topologies and interpenetration mechanisms depend critically on the nature of the substituent. The new phases were structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. {[Cu(meoip)(hbn)]·H2O}n (1, meoip = 5-methoxyisophthalate) exhibits [Cu(meoip)]n chain motifs with embedded {Cu2(OCO)2} dinuclear units, pillared by pairs of hbn ligands into a decorated (4,4) grid topology. {[Cu3(sip)2(hbn)3(H2O)4]·11.5H2O}n (2, sip = 5-sulfoisophthalate) displays neutral [Cu3(sip)2(H2O)4] fragments connected by hbn ligands into 3,4-connected layer motifs with a {4.62}2{426282} topology, derived from the standard (4,4) grid with regular removal of some pillars. The layer motifs in 2 engage in 2D + 2D → 3D parallel interpenetration, with entrained co-crystallized water molecule tapes. Thermal decomposition behavior of the new phases is also discussed.
Local Marketing Support in Bihar

Marketing remains open in Bihar where we study an indigenously evolved model that bypasses the vested trading interests, but poverty is a serious obstacle to effective marketing.
Separation of closely-spaced acoustics sources in an under-determined system with convex optimization

The ability to identify acoustical source locations accurately is critical when performing sound field reconstructions. In previous work, a monopole-based, iterative equivalent source method, wideband acoustical holography, has proven able to provide accurate noise source location in complex machines even when the number of measurements was far smaller than the number of parameters that needed to be determined in the model (see: Tongyang Shi, Yangfan Liu and J. Stuart Bolton, “Diesel engine noise source visualization with wideband acoustical holography,” SAE paper 2017-01-1874). However, at some stage, when acoustical sources are too closely spaced, the current algorithm has difficulty in separating them. This is true, especially at low frequencies, in which case current holography methods tend to visualize two closely-spaced acoustics sources as a single large source, thus losing the accuracy of the source location. In the present work, the equivalent sources were still modeled as an array of monopoles, but the source strength parameter estimation and regularization problem was formulated as a convex function and turned into an iterative convex optimization problem that can be solved by an open source code. It will be demonstrated that the new procedure is capable of reconstructing very closely-spaced acoustics sources.The ability to identify acoustical source locations accurately is critical when performing sound field reconstructions. In previous work, a monopole-based, iterative equivalent source method, wideband acoustical holography, has proven able to provide accurate noise source location in complex machines even when the number of measurements was far smaller than the number of parameters that needed to be determined in the model (see: Tongyang Shi, Yangfan Liu and J. Stuart Bolton, “Diesel engine noise source visualization with wideband acoustical holography,” SAE paper 2017-01-1874). However, at some stage, when acoustical sources are too closely spaced, the current algorithm has difficulty in separating them. This is true, especially at low frequencies, in which case current holography methods tend to visualize two closely-spaced acoustics sources as a single large source, thus losing the accuracy of the source location. In the present work, the equivalent sources were still modeled as an array of monopoles, ...
Comprehensive evaluation of blood-brain barrier-forming micro-vasculatures: Reference and marker genes with cellular composition

Primary brain microvessels (BrMV) maintain the cellular characters and molecular signatures as displayed in vivo, and serve as a vital tool for biomedical research of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the development/optimization of brain drug delivery. The variations of relative purities or cellular composition among different BrMV samples may have significant consequences in data interpretation and research outcome, especially for experiments with high-throughput genomics and proteomics technologies. In this study, we aimed to identify suitable reference gene (RG) for accurate normalization of real-time RT-qPCR analysis, and determine the proper marker genes (MG) for relative purity assessment in BrMV samples. Out of five housekeeping genes, β-actin was selected as the most suitable RG that was validated by quantifying mRNA levels of alpha-L-iduronidase in BrMV isolated from mice with one or two expressing alleles. Four marker genes highly/selectively expressed in BBB-forming capillary endothelial cells were evaluated by RT-qPCR for purity assessment, resulting in Cldn5 and Pecam1 as most suitable MGs that were further confirmed by immunofluorescent analysis of cellular components. Plvap proved to be an indicator gene for the presence of fenestrated vessels in BrMV samples. This study may contribute to the building blocks toward overarching research needs on the blood-brain barrier.
Semiautomated System for Nonurgent, Clinically Significant Pathology Results.

Background Failure of timely test result follow-up has consequences including delayed diagnosis and treatment, added costs, and potential patient harm. Closed-loop communication is key to ensure clinically significant test results (CSTRs) are acknowledged and acted upon appropriately. A previous implementation of the Alert Notification of Critical Results (ANCR) system to facilitate closed-loop communication of imaging CSTRs yielded improved communication of critical radiology results and enhanced adherence to institutional CSTR policies. Objective This article extends the ANCR application to pathology and evaluates its impact on closed-loop communication of new malignancies, a common and important type of pathology CSTR. Materials and Methods This Institutional Review Board-approved study was performed at a 150-bed community, academically affiliated hospital. ANCR was adapted for pathology CSTRs. Natural language processing was used on 30,774 pathology reports 13 months pre- and 13 months postintervention, identifying 5,595 reports with malignancies. Electronic health records were reviewed for documented acknowledgment for a random sample of reports. Percent of reports with documented acknowledgment within 15 days assessed institutional policy adherence. Time to acknowledgment was compared pre- versus postintervention and postintervention with and without ANCR alerts. Pathologists were surveyed regarding ANCR use and satisfaction. Results Acknowledgment within 15 days was documented for 98 of 107 (91.6%) pre- and 89 of 103 (86.4%) postintervention reports (p = 0.2294). Median time to acknowledgment was 7 days (interquartile range [IQR], 3, 11) preintervention and 6 days (IQR, 2, 10) postintervention (p = 0.5083). Postintervention, median time to acknowledgment was 2 days (IQR, 1, 6) for reports with ANCR alerts versus 6 days (IQR, 2.75, 9) for reports without alerts (p = 0.0351). ANCR alerts were sent on 15 of 103 (15%) postintervention reports. All pathologists reported that the ANCR system positively impacted their workflow; 75% (three-fourths) felt that the ANCR system improved efficiency of communicating CSTRs. Conclusion ANCR expansion to facilitate closed-loop communication of pathology CSTRs was favorably perceived and associated with significant improved time to documented acknowledgment for new malignancies. The rate of adherence to institutional policy did not improve.
Reasons, Rationality, Reasoning: How Much Pulling-Apart?

Espanol En el corazon del programa de investigacion de John Broome en la filosofia de la normatividad, que culmina en su magnifico libro Racionalidad a traves del razonamiento , esta la distincion entre las razones, por un lado, y los requisitos de la racionalidad, por otro. Este documento esta dividido en dos secciones. En la primera parte del documento, examinare la distincion de Broome entre las razones y los requisitos de la racionalidad. La segunda parte del documento sera mas critica en cuanto al fondo. Ingles At the heart of John Broome’s research program in the philosophy of normativity, culminating in his magnificent book Rationality Through Reasoning , is a distinction between reasons , on one hand, and requirements of rationality , on the other. This paper is divided into two sections. In the first part of the paper, I’ll examine Broome’s distinction between reasons and requirements of rationality. The second part of the paper will be more substantively critical. Frances Au cœur du programme de recherche de John Broome sur la philosophie de la normativite, culminant dans son magnifique livre ‘ Rationalite par le raisonnement’ y a la distinction entre les raisons : d'une part, et les exigences de rationalite, d'autre part. Ce document est divise en deux sections. Dans la premiere partie de l'article, je vais examiner la distinction qui est fait par Broome entre les raisons et les exigences de la rationalite. La deuxieme partie du document sera plus critique en termes de fond. Portugues No centro do programa de pesquisa do John Broome sobre a filosofia da normatividade, culminando em seu magnifico livro ‘ Racionalidade atraves do raciocinio’ existe a distincao entre razoes, por um lado, e as exigencias da racionalidade, por outro. Este documento esta dividido em duas secoes. Na primeira parte do artigo, examinarei a distincao que faz o Broome entre as razoes e os requisitos da racionalidade. A segunda parte do documento sera mais critica em termos de conteudo. Chino John Broome关于规范性哲学的研究计划的核心，在其宏伟的《理性推理》一书中达到顶峰，一方面是各种理由之间的区别，另一方面是合理性的多个要求之间的区别。本文分为两部分。在本文的第一部分，我将研究Broome在理由和合理性的要求之间的区别。本文的第二部分将对其进行深入讨论。
Factors Underlying Abnormal Posture and Movement in Spastic Hemiparesis

Hemiparetic stroke is accompanied by abnormalities of muscle tone (identified as spastic hypertonia), weakness for voluntary movement, and disturbances of muscular coordination. The first two disturbances, i.e., spasticity and weakness, are the most visible and the most intensively studied, yet the disturbance of muscular coordination is often the most incapacitating, and the least well understood. For example, it is widely known that in many subjects disturbances of voluntary movement may be masked by abnormalities of muscle tone and/or concurrent muscular weakness. Yet when these physical signs are treated effectively, or when they resolve spontaneously, the resulting incoordination and motor impairment is still severe. It is therefore likely that in many hemiparetic stroke subjects, neither increases in muscle tone nor muscular weakness are the primary sources of movement dysfunction or of their global disability.
In Vitro Measurement of Uncombined Oxygen Concentration in Intact Red Cells

Oxygen transfer in blood is receiving increasing attention because of current activities in the areas of heart transplants and oxygenator development. In the course of our work on simultaneous diffusion and chemical reaction (1) of oxygen within red cells, it became necessary to measure the concentration of uncombined oxygen in intact cells. Since no method was available, a technique using polarographic PO2 electrodes was developed and is described in this paper. The data thus obtained was used in the governing equations for intracellular oxygen transport to evaluate the overall diffusion coefficient of oxygen in the red cell at 25°C.
Phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2α at Ser51 depends on site- and context-specific information

Protein kinases phosphorylate specific amino acid residues of substrate proteins and regulate many cellular processes. Specificity for phosphorylation depends on the accessibility of these residues, and more importantly, kinases have preferences for certain residues flanking the phospho-acceptor site. Translation initiation factor 2α [eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α)] kinase phosphorylates serine51 (Ser51) of eIF2α and downregulates cellular protein synthesis. Structural information on eIF2α reveals that Ser51 is located within a flexible loop, referred to as the Ser51 loop. Recently, we have shown that conformational change of the Ser51 loop increases the accessibility of Ser51 to the kinase active site for phosphorylation. Here, we show that the specificity of Ser51 phosphorylation depends largely on its relative position in the Ser51 loop and minimally on the flanking residues.
Serial dependence in numerosity perception

Our conscious experience of the external world is remarkably stable and seamless, despite the intrinsically discontinuous and noisy nature of sensory information. Serial dependencies in visual perception-reflecting attractive biases making a current stimulus to appear more similar to previous ones-have been recently hypothesized to be involved in perceptual continuity. However, while these effects have been observed across a variety of visual features and at the neural level, several aspects of serial dependence and how it generalizes across visual dimensions is still unknown. Here we explore the behavioral signature of serial dependence in numerosity perception by assessing how the perceived numerosity of dot-array stimuli is biased by a task-irrelevant "inducer" stimulus presented before task-relevant stimuli. First, although prior work suggests that numerosity perception starts in the subcortex, the current study rules out a possible involvement of subcortical processing in serial dependence, confirming that the effect likely starts in the visual cortex. Second, we show that the effect is coarsely spatially localized to the position of the inducer stimulus. Third, we demonstrate that the effect is present even with a stimulus presentation procedure minimizing the involvement of post-perceptual processes, but only when participants actively pay attention to the inducer stimulus. Overall, these results provide a comprehensive characterization of serial dependencies in numerosity perception, demonstrating that attractive biases occur by means of spatially localized attentional modulations of early sensory activity.
Topic Evolution Models for Long-Running MOOCs

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have emerged as a powerful platform for imparting education in the last few years. Discussion forums in online courses connect various geographically separated MOOC participants and serve as the primary means of communication between them. The text in the forums reflects many important aspects of the course such as the student population and their changing interests, parts of the course that were well received and parts needing attention, and common misconceptions faced by students. In order to improve the quality of online courses and students’ interaction and learning experience, instructors need to actively monitor and discern patterns in previous iterations of the course and mold the course to suit the needs of the ever-changing student population. To enable this, in this work, we perform a systematic detailed analysis of the evolution of fine-grained topics in online course discussion forums across repeated MOOC offerings using seeded topic models and draw important insights on the nature of students, types of issues, and student satisfaction. We present topic evolution results on two successful long-running MOOCs: (i) a business course, and (ii) a computer science course. Our models uncover interesting topic trends in both courses including the decline of logistic issues in both courses as iterations unfold, decline in grading related issues when automatic grading is adopted in the business course, and prevalence of technical issues in the computer science course in comparison to the business course. Our models throw light on the different ways students interact on MOOCs and their changing needs, and are useful for instructors to understand the progression of courses and accordingly fine-tune courses to meet student expectations.
Access and closure management of large bore femoral arterial access

Femoral and radial artery access continue to be the standard of care for percutaneous coronary interventions. Cardiac catheterization has progressed to encompass a wide range of diagnostic and interventional procedures including coronary, peripheral, endovascular, and structural heart disease interventions. Despite advanced technology to make these procedures safe, bleeding, and vascular complications continue to be a substantial source of morbidity, especially in patients undergoing large-bore access procedures. New variations of percutaneous devices have reduced complications associated with these procedures. However, safe vascular access with effective hemostasis requires special techniques which have not been well described in the literature. Large-bore femoral artery access is feasible, safe, and associated with low complication rates when a protocol is implemented. Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center Heart Hospital is a tertiary care, high-volume center for endovascular, structural heart and complex high risk indicated procedures with more 150 procedures involving mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices per year. In this manuscript, we describe our approach to femoral artery large-bore sheath insertion and management. Our protocol includes proper identification of the puncture site, device selection, insertion, assessment of limb perfusion while on prolong MCS support, and hemostasis techniques after sheath removal.
Large Volume Diarrhea

Diarrhea is a common problem in ICU patients, with an estimated incidence of up to 40 %. Common noninfectious etiologies include enteral feeding, hypoalbuminemia, bowel ischemia and medication, while Clostridium difficile colitis is the most common infectious cause of diarrhea in the ICU. Abdominal imaging modalities especially plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) are widely used to establish the cause and monitor treatment response in these patients.
NOVELTIES IN BRAZILIAN BEGONIACEAE I: two new species from Bahia

Two new species of Begonia from Bahia state, Brazil are described as Begonia micheliniana and Begonia charlesjarosiana. Begonia micheliniana is morphologically similar to Begonia polygonifolia and Begonia fagifolia . Begonia charlesjarosiana is morphologically similar to Begonia angularis. The new species grow in hygrophilous Atlantic Forest of Bahia state. Description, comparisons with morphologically similar species, etymology, taxonomic comments, illustrations, map and conservation statuses of the new species are also provided.
The Criminalization of Muslims in the United States, 2016

The criminalization of Muslims—framing an Islamic religious identity as a problem to be solved using state crime control logic—is undeniably in process in the United States. Local, state, and federal statutes target Muslims for surveillance and exclusion, and media sources depict Muslims as synonymous with terrorism, as others have shown. This paper analyzes the public’s role in the criminalization of Islam, which I call “cr-Islamization.” Drawing on in-depth, qualitative interviews in a major Southwest city during the lead-up to the 2016 presidential election, I detail how the majority of 144 politically, racially, and economically diverse interviewees talk about Muslims as a potential “racial threat,” using “fear of crime” language indicative of the mass incarceration era. This suggests that criminalization theory should be central to sociological studies of Muslims in the contemporary United States, and that criminalization rhetoric remains powerful, despite mainstream enthusiasm for criminal justice reform. I argue that criminalization’s power might reside in its ability to mutate in the “post-racial” era. The mechanisms supporting crimmigration, the criminalization of black Americans, and cr-Islamization are related but not identical. Muslims are religiously and racially subjugated, but more economically secure compared to other criminalized groups. This paper’s findings should prompt scholars to re-examine the relationships between racialization, criminalization, religious subjugation, and economic exploitation in the twenty-first century United States.
Social network proximity predicts similar trajectories of psychological states: Evidence from multi-voxel spatiotemporal dynamics

Abstract Homophily is a prevalent characteristic of human social networks: individuals tend to associate and bond with others who are similar to themselves with respect to physical traits and demographic attributes, such as age, gender, and ethnicity. Recent research using functional magnetic resonance imaging has demonstrated a positive relationship between individuals' real-world social network proximity (i.e., whether they are friends, friends-of-friends, or farther removed in social ties) and inter-subject correlation (ISC) in their time series of neural responses when viewing audiovisual movies. However, conventional ISC methods only capture information about similarity in the temporal evolution of region-averaged neural responses, and ignore information carried in fine-grained, spatially distributed response topographies. Here, we demonstrate that temporal trajectories of multi-voxel response patterns to naturalistic stimuli are exceptionally similar among friends and predictive of social network proximity, over and above the effects of response magnitude fluctuations. Furthermore, inter-subject similarity in the temporal trajectory of multi-voxel response patterns across distant points in time was particularly positively associated with individuals’ proximity in their real-world social network. The fact that exceptional similarities among friends were most pronounced in long-range temporal fluctuations of response patterns located in multimodal cortical regions (e.g., regions of posterior parietal cortex) suggests that aspects of high-level processing during naturalistic stimulation may be particularly similar among friends. Given the localization of results, we speculate that socially close individuals may be particularly similar in endogenously driven shifts in how they distribute their attention (e.g., across the environment, within internal representations) over time. These results suggest that friends may experience exceptionally similar trajectories of psychological states when exposed to a common stimulus, and, more generally, that there are meaningful individual differences in the temporal evolution of multi-voxel response patterns during naturalistic stimulation.
Inspiring Community and Institutional Change Through Social Justice Education

AbstractAcademic courses provide a vehicle through which students can gain knowledge, awareness, and skills to enact meaningful social change. Courses focused on social justice are particularly pos...
Compound sibling caregivers of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities

BACKGROUND Given the increasing lifespans of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), siblings may fulfil multiple caregiving roles simultaneously for their ageing parents, their offspring, and their brother or sister with IDD. Yet, little is known about compound sibling caregivers. The purpose of this study was to compare the perspectives of compound, single and non-caregiving siblings of adults with IDD. METHOD This study investigated 332 adult siblings of individuals with IDD in the United States via a national web-based survey. Participants included: 152 non-caregivers, 94 single caregivers (i.e., caregivers only for their brothers and sisters with IDD), and 86 compound caregivers (i.e., caregivers for their brothers and sisters with IDD and at least one other vulnerable individual). RESULTS Single and compound sibling caregivers (versus non-caregivers) had more positive relationships and conducted greater advocacy and future planning activities. CONCLUSIONS Given the potential for compound sibling caregiving, further investigation is warranted.
KAP analysis on hepatitis B among adults in Beijing Chaoyang district

Objective To investigate adult' s knowledge,attitude and practice (KAP) of hepatitis B in Beijing Chaoyang District,and to provide basic data and evidence for developing effective interventions and evaluating the project effectiveness.Method 43 streets and towns were randomly selected as the survey points according to the characteristics of Chaoyang District.Then the whole families from these points were also randomly selected with stratified and cluster sampling in stages to carry out the survey,and self-compiled questionnaire were used in the survey to investigate people' s KAP. Result The knowledge awareness rate of the three hepatitis B transmission routes ( blood transmission,vertical transmission,sexual transmission)were as follows:69.7％,53％,42.3％.Hepatitis B vaccine,condom prevention awareness rates separately were 71.3％,26.6％,and the difference between characteristics of population was statistically significant.49.5％ people in the survey minded living or working with hepatitis B person.People were lack of hepatitis B vaccination knowledge in the survey,and only 26.3％ residents had received the vaccine.Conclusion The KAP on hepatitis B among adults in Chaoyang District needs to be strengthened and improved.Hierarchical health education which focuses different people' s demands should be implemented,and widespread immunization with hepatitis B vaccine among the adults should be raised,then to improve residents health awareness. Key words: Chaoyang District residents; Hepatitis B; Health knowledge, attitude, practice
Association of Cognitive Fusion with Domains of Health

Abstract Background Mental health issues are reaching epidemic proportions among our youth. Understanding factors associated with emotional and physical functioning are critical to developing effective interventions and preventive strategies. Despite evidence of the association of cognitive fusion and emotional and physical health among adults, little is known about how this is associated with emotional and physical well-being in emerging adulthood. The purpose of this study was to examine how cognitive fusion is associated with different domains of health after controlling for psychosocial variables. Methods A sample of 353 undergraduate students completed measures on sleep, stress (Perceived Stress Scale- 14), domains of health (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Survey), the five facets of dispositional mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Scale), social support (Lubben Social Network Scale), and cognitive fusion (Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire). Results Using step-wise hierarchal multiple regression, we examined the variance accounted for by health behaviors and psychosocial variables in various domains of health (emotional, physical, social, general health, fatigue/energy, pain and limitations from physical/emotional functioning). After controlling for psychosocial variables and sleep, cognitive fusion was a significant predictor of six out of eight domains of health. In the domains of physical functioning and general health, facets of mindfulness (nonjudging and awareness, respectively) emerged as significant factors. Conclusions This study suggests that cognitive fusion plays an important role in some areas of health for emerging adults, even more so than other established predictors. Among emerging adults, it appears that thoughts play a key role in well-being and cognitive defusion techniques may be useful to enhance health among this population.
Elevated storage temperatures and concentration of large animal pharmaceuticals

Most veterinary pharmaceuticals are labelled to be stored at or below 77°F or 86°F. Previous work showed that temperatures in ambulatory veterinary practice vehicles exceeded those temperatures for 67-100% of days in the summer of 2013. The project objective was to determine the effect on the active ingredient concentrations of drug products exposed to temperatures above their recommended upper storage limit.
Chronic kidney disease as a risk factor for peripheral nerve impairment in older adults: A longitudinal analysis of Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) study

Introduction Sensory and motor nerve deficits are prevalent in older adults and are associated with loss of functional independence. We hypothesize that chronic kidney disease predisposes to worsening sensorimotor nerve function over time. Materials and methods Participants were from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study (N = 1121) with longitudinal data between 2000–01 (initial visit) and 2007–08 (follow-up visit). Only participants with non-impaired nerve function at the initial visit were included. The predictor was presence of CKD (estimated GFR ≤ 60 ml/min/1.73m2) from the 1999–2000 visit. Peripheral nerve function outcomes at 7-year follow-up were 1) Motor: “new” impairments in motor parameters (nerve conduction velocity NCV < 40 m/s or peroneal compound motor action potential < 1 mv) at follow-up, and 2) Sensory: “new” impairment defined as insensitivity to standard 10-g monofilament or light 1.4-g monofilament at the great toe and “worsening” as a change from light to standard touch insensitivity over time. The association between CKD and “new” or “worsening” peripheral nerve impairment was studied using logistic regression. Results The study population was 45.9% male, 34.3% Black and median age 75 y. CKD participants (15.6%) were older, more hypertensive, higher in BMI and had 2.37 (95% CI 1.30–4.34) fold higher adjusted odds of developing new motor nerve impairments in NCV. CKD was associated with a 2.02 (95% CI 1.01–4.03) fold higher odds of worsening monofilament insensitivity. CKD was not associated with development of new monofilament insensitivity. Conclusions Pre-existing CKD leads to new and worsening sensorimotor nerve impairments over a 7-year time period in community-dwelling older adults.
Rapid analysis of streaming platelet images by semi-unsupervised learning.

Abstract We developed a fast and accurate deep learning approach employing a semi-unsupervised learning system (SULS) for capturing the real-time noisy, sparse, and ambiguous images of platelet activation. Outperforming several leading supervised learning methods when applied to segment various platelet morphologies, the SULS detects their complex boundaries at submicron resolutions and it massively decreases to only a few hours for segmenting streaming images of 45 million platelets that would have taken 40 years to annotate manually. For the first time, the fast dynamics of pseudopod formation and platelet morphological changes including membrane tethers and transient tethering to vessels are accurately captured.
Management of Salter-Harris II distal femur fractures - what is the state of practice? A survey of Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America membership.

Appropriate treatment of Salter-Harris (SH) II distal femoral physeal fractures is crucial due to risks of growth arrest and angular deformity. Low incidence renders sufficiently powered, prospective research difficult. This study aimed to assess the current state of management of these fractures on the basis of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) membership experience. POSNA members were surveyed via an emailed REDCAP survey. Questions included respondent demographics, experience, practice environment and clinical questions regarding preferred treatment and postoperative management based, in part, on an illustrative case of a nighttime presentation of a displaced SH-II distal femur fracture. Descriptive statistics were performed to summarize the preferred management among POSNA members. Twenty-eight percent (376/1344) of contacted POSNA members responded to the survey meeting sample size criteria of membership representation. Respondents' median years in practice were 17 (IQR 7-27). Surgical management of the presented case was preferred by most (96.3%) respondents. If no vascular compromise was present (ABI >0.9), most (86.6%) felt it was appropriate to wait for intervention on the following day. One-third (32.7%) of respondents considered every SH-II as an indication for surgical treatment. Screw fixation is the most common implant selection for operatively managed injuries, with the majority choosing not to electively remove screws. Those who opted for pin fixation tended to remove pins by 3-4 weeks postoperatively. For immediate postoperative immobilization, long leg casting (44.4%) was selected more commonly than splinting or knee immobilizers. Nearly all (99.7%) respondents preferred follow-up until skeletal maturity. In cases of suspected growth arrest, 76% felt MRI was necessary for further evaluation. Operative management of SH-II distal femur fractures is preferred among POSNA members, particularly in cases of displaced fractures or when closed reduction had failed. Except for immediate postoperative immobilization preferences, pediatric orthopedic surgeons appear to have a majority consensus regarding treatment practices, postoperative management and indications and timing of hardware removal. Level of evidence Level V Expert Opinion.
Teaching death: exploring the end of life in a novel undergraduate course

Western culture discourages discussion of death and dying, especially with healthy emerging adults. Yet, research shows that engaging this population in conversations about death and dying is empowering and important for young people’s decision-making around and understanding of the end of life. We show that students are indeed ill-informed on such issues but that they desire to learn more. We describe and assess a pilot undergraduate course in palliative care addressing this need, and we demonstrate its success in engaging and educating students using pedagogical approaches built to develop a social and intellectual community of trust.
Expanding mission archaeology: A landscape approach to indigenous autonomy in colonial California

Rather than simply an arena for Euroamerican domination, recent archaeological research on Spanish missionization along the North American Borderlands points to opportunities for indigenous autonomy under missionary colonialism. We build from these discussions to foreground autonomy as it was expressed in multiple spatial contexts during the colonial period (ca. 1770s–1850s) in central California. Our goals are to evaluate freedom of action within the situational constraints imposed by Spanish missions in California and also to challenge archaeologists to move beyond prevailing narratives of decline to critically assess how native people negotiated colonialism across the landscape. Drawing on three archaeological examples from central California—including Mission Santa Clara de Asis, the marshlands of the San Joaquin Valley, and persistent Coast Miwok villages in the northern San Francisco Bay region—we outline a conceptual model comprised of three spatial zones: colonial settlements as native places; native homelands/colonial hinterlands; and interior worlds and interspaces. The model offers a way in which to expand mission archaeology by illuminating the opportunities for indigenous autonomy in social, political, and economic relationships that intersected colonial modes in various ways across time and space.
Dynamics of Microtubule Self-Assembly

Microtubules are linear intracellular polymers that self-assemble from subunits of αβ-tubulin heterodimers, and serve as essential mediators of cellular processes including cell division, migration, as well as intracellular transport. Each of these functions is dependent on the microtubule structure and self-assembly dynamics. Here we discuss the dynamics of microtubule structure and subunit addition and loss in the process of microtubule self-assembly, highlighting how these nanometer/molecular-scale dynamics manifest themselves at the micrometer/cellular-scale.
A Review of “Gender Circuits: Bodies and Identities in a Technological Age”

Eve Shapiro's Gender Circuits is a lucid introduction to the increasingly complex relationship between information and biomedical technologies, gendered bodies, and social identities. It has an exc...
Immersive out-of-core visualization of large-size and long-timescale molecular dynamics trajectories

Atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of biomolecules provide insight into their physical mechanisms and potential as drug targets. Unfortunately, such simulations are extremely demanding in terms of computation, storage, and visualization. Immersive visualization environments permit fast, intuitive exploration of the pharmacological potential, but add further demands on resources. We describe the design and application of out-of-core visualization techniques for large-size and long-timescale MD simulations involving many terabytes of data, including in particular: fast regeneration of molecular representations, atom selection mechanisms, out-of-core optimized MD trajectory file formats, and multithreaded programming techniques. Our approach leverages technological advances in commodity solid state disk (SSD) devices, to enable trajectory animation rates for large structures that were previously unachievable except by in-core approaches, while maintaining full visualization flexibility. The out-of-core visualization techniques are implemented and evaluated in VMD, a widely used molecular visualization tool.
The compressive behaviour of porous copper made by the GASAR process

Recently, porous metals and ceramics have been made by melting the solid in a hydrogen atmosphere and then cooling through the eutectic point; the technique is known as the GASAR process. The size, shape, orientation and volume fraction of the pores can be controlled by the direction and rate of cooling and the pressure of the system. Here we describe the uniaxial compressive behaviour of GASAR copper with cylindrical pores oriented in the direction of loading. The elastic modulus and yield strength of the porous materials increase linearly with increasing relative density. Initial plastic deformation was found to be due to plastic yielding of the solid rather than buckling of the cells walls. The characteristic densification strain decreased linearly with increasing relative density.