cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AutoMatch: An automated framework for relative performance estimation and workload distribution on heterogeneous HPC systems

Porting sequential applications to heterogeneous HPC systems requires extensive software and hardware expertise to estimate the potential speedup and to efficiently use the available compute resources in such systems. To streamline this daunting process, researchers have proposed several “black-box” performance prediction approaches that rely on the performance of a training set of parallel applications. However, due to the lack of a diverse set of applications along with their optimized parallel implementations for each architecture type, the predicted speedup by these approaches is not the speedup upper-bound, and even worse it can be misleading, if the reference parallel implementations are not equally-optimized for every target architecture. This paper presents AutoMatch, an automated framework for matching of compute kernels to heterogeneous HPC architectures. AutoMatch uses hybrid (static and dynamic) analysis to find the best dependency-preserving parallel schedule of a given sequential code. The resulting operations schedule serves as a basis to construct a cost function of the optimized parallel execution of the sequential code on heterogeneous HPC nodes. Since such a cost function informs the user and runtime system about the relative execution cost across the different hardware devices within HPC nodes, AutoMatch enables efficient runtime workload distribution that simultaneously utilizes all the available devices in performance-proportional way. For a set of open-source HPC applications with different characteristics, AutoMatch turns out to be very effective, identifying the speedup upper-bound of sequential applications and how close the parallel implementation is to the best parallel performance across five different HPC architectures. Furthermore, AutoMatch's workload distribution scheme achieves approximately 90% of the performance of a profiling-driven oracle.
Theoretical Physics: Building a Time Machine to Save My Father

This chapter offers a Case Study of Ronald Mallett , a prominent theoretical physicist and expert on black holes and cosmology. Inspired by a comic book rendering of H. G. Wells’ novel, The Time Machine, ten-year-old Ron used radio tubes, television parts, and pieces of bicycles to build a time machine in his basement. His goal was to travel back in time and warn his father of an impending fatal heart attack. Now an emeritus full professor of theoretical physics, Ron is still working on his time machine. Founded on Einstein’s work, his research suggests that time travel is theoretically possible. Viktor Frankl’s existential psychology (logotherapy) is used to interpret Ron’s 60-year quest to see his father again.
A new control method for series resonant inverter with inherently phase-locked coil current with induction cookware applications

In this paper, a new control method for induction cookware applications with series resonant inverter has been proposed. Generally, the output power of series resonant inverter is controlled by pulse frequency modulation (PFM). However, PFM has a large turn off current and a high switching frequency as the output power decreases, resulting in a large switching turn off loss and poor efficiency. To beat these limitations, pulse width modulation (PWM), PWM-PFM mixed control, and pulse density modulation (PDM) methods have been investigated. However, they have still limitations such as control complexity or loosing zero voltage switching (ZVS) characteristics. The most powerful advantage of the proposed method is the simplicity, since the only on-time is used as the control variable. Also, it has inherent soft switching characteristics with ZVS turn-on and zero current switching (ZCS) turnoff of low side switches and zero voltage and ZVZCS turn-on of two high side switches. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified by 200V input voltage and 2.8kW output prototype.
Still struggling with German history: W.G. Sebald, Gunter Demnig and activist memory workers in Berlin today

This paper explores the ways in which contemporary Germans engage in diverse artistic and social forms of Holocaust memory work today that repudiate the ethos of silence and forgetting that dominat...
The fine balance of chemokines during disease: trafficking, inflammation and homeostasis

The action of chemokines (or ‘chemotactic cytokines’) is recognized as an integral part of inflammatory and regulatory processes. Leukocyte mobilization during physiological conditions, trafficking of various cell types during pathological conditions, cell activation and angiogenesis are among the target functions exerted by chemokines upon signaling via their specific receptors. Current research is focused in analyzing changes in chemokine/chemokine receptor patterns during various diseases with the aim to modulate pathological trafficking of cells, or to attract particular cell types to specific tissues. This review focuses on defining the role(s) of certain chemokine ligands and receptors in inflammatory neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis. In addition, the role(s) of chemokines in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease are also described, as well as the contribution of chemokines to the pathogenesis of cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Can I/O Variability Be Reduced on QoS-Less HPC Storage Systems?

For a production high-performance computing (HPC) system, where storage devices are shared between multiple applications and managed in a best effort manner, I/O contention is often a major problem. In this paper, we propose a balanced messaging-based re-routing in conjunction with throttling at the middleware level. This work tackles two key challenges that have not been fully resolved in the past: whether I/O variability can be reduced on a QoS-less HPC storage system, and how to design a runtime scheduling system that can scale up to a large amount of cores. The proposed scheme uses a two-level messaging system to re-route I/O requests to a less congested storage location so that write performance is improved, while limiting the impact on read by throttling re-routing. An analytical model is derived to guide the setup of optimal throttling factor. We thoroughly analyze the virtual messaging layer overhead and explore whether the in-transit buffering is effective in managing I/O variability. Contrary to the intuition, in-transit buffer cannot completely solve the problem. It can reduce the absolute variability but not the relative variability. The proposed scheme is verified against a synthetic benchmark as well as being used by production applications.
Ignition Delay Reduction with Sodium Addition to Imidazolium-Based Dicyanamide Ionic Liquid.

A range of ionic liquids (ILs) have been synthesized and modeled to better understand the role of the cation in the ignition of hypergolic ionic liquids. Vogelhuber et al. have shown by density functional theory methods that the addition of sodium cations to an ionic liquid promotes ignition with white fuming nitric acid (WFNA) by lowering energy barriers. To validate this prediction, solid sodium dicyanamide (Na+DCA–) was added at various weight percents to 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (BMIM+DCA–). The ignition delay was measured for each mixture with WFNA. Overall, it was found that the Na+DCA– lowered the ignition delay by 11 ms at 7 wt %. The calculations done by Vogelhuber et al. appear to be consistent with this observation. The sodium cation may play a role by orienting the anion with the WFNA resulting in the favorable reaction energetics observed.
Association of Dialysis Duration With Outcomes After Kidney Transplantation in the Setting of Long Cold Ischemia Time.

Background There is no mechanism that matches hard-to-place kidneys with the most appropriate candidate. Thus, unwanted kidney offers are typically to recipients with long renal replacement time (vintage) which is a strong risk factor for mortality and graft failure, and in combination with prolonged cold ischemia time (CIT), may promote interactive effects on outcomes. Methods Consecutive adult isolated kidney transplants between October 2015 and December 2017 were stratified by vintage younger than 1 year and CIT longer than 30 hours. Results Long (n = 169) relative to short (n = 93) vintage recipients were significantly more likely to be younger (32.2 years vs 56.9 years, P = 0.02), black race (40.8% vs 18.3%, P = 0.02), have higher estimated posttransplant survival (52.6 vs 42.0, P = 0.04), and have a comorbid condition (45.6% vs 30.1%, P = 0.02); they were less likely to receive a donation after circulatory death kidney (27.8% vs 39.8%, P = 0.05). Long vintage was significantly associated with length of stay longer than 4 days (45.5% vs 30.1%, P = 0.02), and 30-day readmission (37.3% vs 22.6%, P = 0.02) but not additional operations (17.8% vs 15.1%, P = 0.58), short-term patient mortality (3.0% vs 2.2%, P = 0.70), or overall graft survival (P = 0.23). On multivariate logistic regression, long vintage remained an independent risk factor for 30-day readmission (adjusted odds ratio, 1.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-3.47); however, there was no interaction of vintage and CIT for this outcome (P = 0.84). Conclusions Readmission is significantly associated with pretransplant dialysis duration; however, CIT is not a modifying factor for this outcome.
Exploring the Use of Multiple Mental Health Apps Within a Platform: Secondary Analysis of the IntelliCare Field Trial.

Background: IntelliCare is a mental health app platform with 14 apps that are elemental, simple and brief to use, and eclectic. Although a variety of apps may improve engagement, leading to better outcomes, they may require navigation aids such as recommender systems that can quickly direct a person to a useful app. Objective: As the first step toward developing navigation and recommender tools, this study explored app-use patterns across the IntelliCare platform and their relationship with depression and anxiety outcomes. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the IntelliCare Field Trial, which recruited people with depression or anxiety. Participants of the trial received 8 weeks of coaching, primarily by text, and weekly random recommendations for apps. App-use metrics included frequency and lifetime use. Depression and anxiety, measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, respectively, were assessed at baseline and end of treatment. Cluster analysis was utilized to determine patterns of app use; ordinal logistic regression models and log-rank tests were used to determine if these use metrics alone, or in combination, predicted improvement or remission in depression or anxiety. Results: The analysis included 96 people who generally followed recommendations to download and try new apps each week. Apps were clustered into 5 groups: Thinking (apps that targeted or relied on thinking), Calming (relaxation and insomnia), Checklists (apps that used checklists), Activity (behavioral activation and activity), and Other. Both overall frequency of use and lifetime use predicted response for depression and anxiety. The Thinking, Calming, and Checklist clusters were associated with improvement in depression and anxiety, and the Activity cluster was associated with improvement in Anxiety only. However, the use of clusters was less strongly associated with improvement than individual app use. Conclusions: Participants in the field trial remained engaged with a suite of apps for the full 8 weeks of the trial. App-use patterns did fall into clusters, suggesting that some knowledge about the use of one app may be useful in selecting another app that the person is more likely to use and may help suggest apps based on baseline symptomology and personal preference.
Electrically reversible magnetization at the antiperovskite/perovskite interface

Using density-functional calculations, we predict the emergence of electrically reversible magnetization at the interface between antiferromagnetic noncollinear antiperovskite $\mathrm{GaNM}{\mathrm{n}}_{3}$ and ferroelectric perovskite $\mathrm{BaTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. We find that Mn magnetic moments are enhanced and reoriented at the $\mathrm{GaNM}{\mathrm{n}}_{3}/A\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (001) ($A=\mathrm{Sr}$ and Ba) interface, resulting in a sizable net magnetization along the [110] direction. This magnetization is reversed with ferroelectric polarization of $\mathrm{BaTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ through $\ensuremath{\sim}{20}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ rotation of the noncollinear magnetic moments. The effect is driven by ferroelectric modulation of the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between the interfacial Mn atoms mediated by the Mn-$3d$ orbital population. Our results open opportunities for controlling the magnetic properties by electric fields by exploiting noncollinear antiferromagnetism at antiperovskite/perovskite interfaces.
Nudging Technology Use: Descriptive and Experimental Evidence from School Information Systems.

As schools are making significant investments in education technologies it is important to assess whether various products are adopted by their end users and whether they are effective as used. Thi...
How Do Usage and Payment Behavior Interact in Rent-to-Own Business Models? Evidence from Developing Economies

Author(s): Guajardo, JA | Abstract: © 2019 The Authors. Production and Operations Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Production and Operations Management Society The diffusion of technological innovations in developing economies has been facilitated by the use of rent-to-own business models, which give flexibility to customers by allowing them to make incremental payments over time. Understanding the implications of this flexibility is a fundamental problem for an increasing number of firms operating in these markets. In this study, we empirically analyze how consumer usage and payment behaviors interact in an application of rent-to-own to the distribution of solar lamps in developing countries. By exploiting the longitudinal variation in the data—and hence accounting for intrinsic differences between customers—the analysis led to three main insights. First, higher usage rates lowered the probability of late payments by customers. Our characterization of this engagement effect enhances existing knowledge of the drivers of payment behavior in these environments. Second, customers often “bundled” payments, making advance payments for future product access. We showed that bundling the initial payment led to lower usage rates (bundling effect), suggesting that firms may not benefit from advance payments upfront, and that they should closely track usage patterns from these customers. Finally, we showed that first-period usage information can improve the accuracy of predictive models of default and that observing usage rates in subsequent periods does not lead to further improvements. Overall, the analysis highlights the importance for firms of jointly tracking and analyzing payment and usage behavior by customers, particularly in initial stages of the adoption process.
Clinical Outcomes and Risk Factors for In-Hospital Mortality in Neonates with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

The objective of this study was to identify patient and hospitalization characteristics associated with in-hospital mortality in infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). We conducted a retrospective analysis of a large administrative database, the National Inpatient Sample dataset of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project for the years 2002–2016. Neonates with HLHS were identified by ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. Hospital and patient factors associated with inpatient mortality were analyzed. Overall, 18,867 neonates met the criteria of inclusion; a total of 3813 patients died during the hospitalization (20.2%). In-hospital mortality decreased over the years of the study (27.0% in 2002 vs. 18.3% in 2016). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation utilization was 8.1%. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for in-hospital mortality in infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Independent non-modifiable risk factors for mortality were birth weight < 2500 g (Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.16 [1.74–2.69]), gestational age < 37 weeks (aOR 1.73 [1.42–2.10]), chromosomal abnormalities (aOR 3.07 [2.60–3.64]) and renal anomalies (aOR 1.34 [1.10–1.61]). Independent modifiable risk factors for mortality were being transferred-in from another hospital (aOR 1.15 [1.03–1.29]), use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (aOR 12.74 [10.91–14.88]). Receiving care in a teaching hospital is a modifiable variable, and it decreased the odds of mortality (aOR 0. 78 [0.64–0.95]). In conclusion, chromosomal anomalies, Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation, gestational age < 37 weeks or birth weight < 2500 g were associated with increased odds of mortality. Modifiable variables as receiving care at birth center and in a hospital designated as a teaching hospital decreased the odds of mortality.
Heterotrophic Bacteria Exhibit a Wide Range of Rates of Extracellular Production and Decay of Hydrogen Peroxide

Bacteria have been implicated as both a source and sink of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a reactive oxygen species which can both impact microbial growth and participate in the geochemical cycling of trace metals and carbon in natural waters. In this study, simultaneous H2O2 production and decay by twelve species of heterotrophic bacteria were evaluated in both batch and flow-through incubations. While wide species-to-species variability of cell-normalized H2O2 decay rate coefficients [2x10-8 to 5x10-6 hr-1 (cell mL-1)-1] was observed, these rate coefficients were relatively consistent for a given bacterial species. By contrast, observed production rates (below detection limit to 3x102 amol cell-1 hr-1) were more variable even for the same species. Variations based on incubation conditions in some bacterial strains suggest that external conditions may impact extracellular H2O2 levels either through increased extracellular production or leakage of intracellular H2O2. Comparison of H2O2 production rates to previously determined O2- production rates suggests that O2- and H2O2 production are not necessarily linked. Rates measured in this study indicate that bacteria could account for a majority of H2O2 decay observed in aqueous systems but likely only make a modest contribution to dark H2O2 production.
Molar absorptivities of U(VI), U(IV), and Pu(III) in nitric acid solutions of various concentrations relevant to developing nuclear fuel recycling flowsheets

A number of inconsistencies in the literature was revealed while developing on-line spectrophotometric monitoring tools for determining aqueous phase actinide concentrations in a tributyl phosphate based solvent extraction flowsheet. This prompted a re-evaluation of the molar absorptivities of U(VI), U(IV) and Pu(III) ions in nitric acid (0.5–4 M). In this paper, our measured molar absorptivity values are reported and compared to the available technical literature data. Results of spectrophotometric analysis of grab samples from a counter-current solvent extraction flowsheet test show satisfactory agreement with total uranium and plutonium concentrations determined in the same samples by ICP-MS.
FOLFOXIRI Versus Doublet Regimens in Right-Sided Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Focus on Subsequent Therapies and Impact on Overall Survival.

Abstract Introduction It has been determined that right-sided metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has a worse prognosis for overall survival (OS). Currently, there is no consensus on the best systemic regimen for treatment-naive right-sided tumors. We compared the impact of subsequent therapies on OS of patients treated with FOLFOXIRI (leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, irinotecan) versus doublet regimens. Patients and Methods Data of patients with treatment-naive right-sided mCRC who received FOLFOXIRI or doublet regimens between January 2001 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. OS was compared between the two groups, and prognostic factors were assessed by multivariate analysis. Results A total of 196 patients were selected; 33 patients received FOLFOXIRI and 163 patients doublet therapy. Median follow-up was 82.3 months. The FOLFOXIRI cohort received fewer subsequent lines of therapies (61% vs. 78%, P = .043). The greater the number of subsequent lines of therapy, the lower the risk of death (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.67 [0.46-0.99], 0.62 [0.45-0.86], and 0.56 [0.39-0.81] for > 1, > 2, and > 3 lines, respectively). By multivariate analysis, metastasectomy and bevacizumab with subsequent lines of therapy were the variables with greatest positive impact on OS (respectively, hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.54 [0.38-0.78] and 0.61 [0.44-0.84]). Conclusion Patients with treatment-naive right-sided mCRC who received front-line FOLFOXIRI had a lower number of subsequent therapies than patients who received doublet regimens. Our findings highlight the relevance of the continuum of care in mCRC, regardless of the first-line regimen, and the importance of careful selection of patients for the FOLFOXIRI regimen.
Outcomes of Cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty for Secondary Osteonecrosis of the Knee.

Abstract Background Secondary osteonecrosis of the knee (SOK) generally occurs in relatively young patients; at advanced stages of SOK, the only viable surgical option is total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We conducted a retrospective study to investigate implant survivorship, clinical and radiographic outcomes, and complications of contemporary cemented bicompartmental TKA with/without patellar resurfacing for SOK. Methods Thirty-eight cemented TKAs in 27 patients with atraumatic SOK, mean age 43 years (17 to 65), were retrospectively reviewed. Seventy-four percent had a history of corticosteroid use, and 18% had a history of alcohol abuse. Patellar osteonecrosis was coincidentally found in six knees (16%), and all were asymptomatic without joint collapse. The mean followup was 7 years (2 to 12). Knee Society Score (KSS) and radiographic outcomes were evaluated at 6 weeks, 1 year, then every 2 to 3 years. Results Ninety-two percent had implant survivorship free from revision with significant improvement in KSS. Causes of revision included aseptic tibial loosening (one), deep infection (one), and instability with patellofemoral issues (one). Four of six cases also with patellar osteonecrosis received resurfacing, including one with periprosthetic patellar fracture after minor trauma, with satisfactory clinical results after conservative treatment. None of the unrevised knees had progressive radiolucent lines or evidence of loosening. An unresurfaced patella, use of a stem extension or a varus-valgus constrained prosthesis constituted 18%, 8% and 3%, respectively. Conclusion Cemented TKAs with selective stem extension in patients with SOK had satisfactory implant survivorship and reliable outcomes. Secondary osteonecrosis of the patella should be carefully evaluated prior to operation.
“The Land Is Mine” (Leviticus 25:23): Reimagining the Jubilee in the Context of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict:

The Jubilee tradition commemorates the release of slaves, the remission of debt, and the repatriation of property, a “day” of physical and spiritual restoration. The Jubilee tradition—originating i...
The Next EPISOD: Trends in Utilization of Endoscopic Sphincterotomy for Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction from 2010-2019.

Background For years, the endoscopic management of the disorder formerly known as Type III Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction (SOD) had been controversial. In 2013, the results of the Evaluating Predictors and Interventions in Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction (EPISOD) trial demonstrated that there was no benefit associated with endoscopic sphincterotomy for patients with Type III SOD. We aimed to assess the utilization of endoscopic sphincterotomy for patients with SOD in a large population database from 2010-2019. Methods We searched a large electronic health record (EHR)-based dataset incorporating over 300 individual hospitals in the United States (Explorys, IBM Watson health, Armonk, NY). Using Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT) we identified patients with a first-ever diagnosis of "disorder of Sphincter of Oddi" annually from 2010-2019. Subclassification of SOD types was not feasible using SNOMED-CT codes. Stratified by year, we identified the proportion of patients with newly-diagnosed SOD undergoing endoscopic sphincterotomy and those receiving newly-prescribed medical therapy. Results A total of 39,950,800 individual patients were active in the database with 7,750 index diagnoses of SOD during the study period. The incidence rates of SOD increased from 2.4 to 12.8 per 100,000 persons from 2010-2019 (p Conclusion Among a wide range of practice settings which do not utilize routine SOM, a sudden and sustained decrease in rates of endoscopic sphincterotomy for newly-diagnosed SOD was observed beginning in 2013. These findings highlight the critical importance of high-quality, multi-center, randomized controlled trials in endoscopy to drive evidence-based changes in real-world clinical practice.
Quantification of Integrin Activation and Ligation in Adherent Cells

Integrin activation is a crucial event for multiple biological functions. Therefore, methods to detect integrin activation are vital. Since the main cellular function of integrins is adhesion, we and others utilize this feature to measure integrin activation. Here, we describe how to detect the activity of the fibronectin-binding integrin α5β1 using a fusion of glutathione S-transferase (GST) to the 9th, 10th, and 11th type III repeats on fibronectin (GST-FNIII9-11). Moreover, we detail how to measure αvβ3 integrin activity using the ligand-mimetic WOW-1 antibody that selectively binds unoccupied αvβ3 integrins. Finally, we describe methods of testing ligation of fibronectin-binding integrins utilizing monoclonal antibodies against ligand-induced binding sites (LIBS).
Evolving Expectations of the Orthopedic Team Physician: Managing the Sidelines and Landmines.

ABSTRACT: The role of orthopedic team physicians has evolved greatly over the past decade having been influenced by advances in sports science and performance, new surgical and biologic technologies, social media, medicolegal liability, marketing, and sexual misconduct cases by some team physicians. The great variety of events and sports that are covered from high school and collegiate to the Olympic and professional levels requires a myriad of skills outside of the traditional medical training curriculum. In the current climate of increasing media scrutiny from a 24-h news cycle it is imperative for orthopedic team physicians, whether operative or nonoperative, to continually adapt to the needs and expectations of athletes who also are patients. This is especially true in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Orthopedic team physicians' responsibilities continue to evolve ensuring their relevance and necessity on the sidelines and in the training room as well as in the operative suite.
Spin Multipole Expansion of the Memory Effect

Using two-dimensional duals of soft dynamics in QED and gravity, we perform an expansion of the respective memory effects in spin multipoles.
Bacterial two-component systems as sensors for synthetic biology applications

Abstract Two-component systems (TCSs) are a ubiquitous family of signal transduction pathways that enable bacteria to sense and respond to diverse physical, chemical, and biological stimuli outside and inside the cell. Synthetic biologists have begun to repurpose TCSs for applications in optogenetics, materials science, gut microbiome engineering, and soil nutrient biosensing, among others. New engineering methods including genetic refactoring, DNA-binding domain swapping, detection threshold tuning, and phosphorylation cross-talk insulation are being used to increase the reliability of TCS sensor performance and tailor TCS signaling properties to the requirements of specific applications. There is now potential to combine these methods with large-scale gene synthesis and laboratory screening to discover the inputs sensed by many uncharacterized TCSs and develop a large new family of genetically-encoded sensors that respond to an unrivaled breadth of stimuli.
Differential- und Integralrechnung

Die Differential- und Integralrechnung wurde erfunden, um Probleme zu losen, die mit einer Veranderung zu tun haben. Ware die Welt statisch — die Analysis ware vielleicht nie erfunden worden.
The National Cancer Institute’s Natural Products Antineoplastic Development Program

The present Natural Products Antineoplastic Development Program of the National Cancer Institute is reviewed, and the potential new anticancer agents being developed in each of the three natural products programs, fermentation, plant, and animal, are discussed [2, 5].
Clostridium oceanicum, sp. n., a Sporeforming Anaerobe Isolated from Marine Sediments

Fourteen strains of a terminal-spored anaerobe were isolated from marine sediments obtained off the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of tropical South America. These strains are proteolytic, lecithinolytic, only slightly saccharolytic, often form cells with two spores, and appear unlike any described species of terminal-spored, proteolytic anaerobe. The name Clostridium oceanicum is suggested. The type strain (no. 25647) is deposited in the American Type Culture Collection. Images
Robust Localization in Reverberant Rooms

Talker localization with microphone arrays has received significant attention lately as a means for the automated tracking of individuals in an enclosure and as a necessary component of any general purpose speech capture system. Several algorithmic approaches are available for speech source localization with multi-channel data. This chapter summarizes the current field and comments on the general merits and shortcomings of each genre. A new localization method is then presented in detail. By utilizing key features of existing methods, this new algorithm is shown to be significantly more robust to acoustical conditions, particularly reverberation effects, than the traditional localization techniques in use today.
Addressing the Need for Management Processes for Higher Education Accreditation

The accreditation standards of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB International) ask business schools to describe consistent processes that provide for operational consistency and continuous improvement in support of the schools' stated missions. Such practices are beneficial to all institutions of higher education seeking accreditation or reaffirmation. This article addresses the identification of requisite processes, describes an approach for defining them, and suggests a format for documenting their essential elements. We discuss the value of quality management practices to higher education and present caveats and considerations for successfully implementing this methodology.
Quantitative Studies on Viral Interference in Suspended L Cells. IV. Production and Assay of Interferon.

Abstract The production and release of interferon in suspended L cells on single exposure to ultraviolet-irradiated Newcastle disease virus (NDV UV ) was largely completed within 24 hours. At that time, the cells harbored little detectable interferon activity. The amounts of interferon produced by either irradiated or active NDV were independent of a wide range of virus concentrations. After a first harvest of interferon was obtained, the cells could not immediately thereafter be restimulated by inactivated or viable NDV to yield a second crop. Cells exposed to interferon for 24 hours were equally refractory. The ability of the cultures to synthesize interferon was fully regained only after two cell divisions had occurred. No differences could be demonstrated between the adsorption of NDV onto refractory or normal cells. The interfering activity of NDV UV is more stable at low pH than the ability to agglutinate chicken or guinea pig red cells. Hence, dialysis against pH 2 does not readily achieve complete elimination of interference due to NDV UV from interferon preparations. The number of plaques produced by a given dose of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) on monolayers prepared from mixtures in varying proportions of interferon-treated and normal L cells, was inversely proportional to the density of the resistant cells. This indicates that the percentage of plaque reduction obtained in interferon assays offers a direct measure of the proportion of cells incapable of yielding virus.
Intrauterine Growth as Estimated From Liveborn Birth-Weight Data at 24 to 42 Weeks of Gestation, by Lula O. Lubchenco et al,Pediatrics, 1963;32:793–800

Data on the birth weights of 5,635 live-born Caucasian infants at 24 to 42 weeks9 gestation are presented. All infants were born from July 1948 to January 1961. Data from infants born at greater than 36 weeks9 gestation after 1955 are excluded because of the large number of infants. The socioeconomic stratum represented by this population is defined as medically indigent or part-pay. The median weights of Colorado babies (3230 g) were found to be lower at 40 weeks9 gestation that the national median (3340 g). Weight curves in the form of percentiles are generated from the data. These curves can be used as standards for determining the adequacy of weight gain of individual infants which may be done either at the time of birth, or after birth in relation to extrauterine environmental factors.
Lymphocyte transformation in response to phytohemagglutinin during and following a pregnancy

Abstract Pregnancy represents a successful intrauterine graft of genetically alien tissue. The major reason for this success is the antigenic inertness of the trophoblast. A number of factors suggest that a temporary state of immunologic incompetence of maternal lymphocytes might also play a role in preventing immunologic rejection of the fetus. To evaluate this possibility the immunologic competence of lymphocytes was tested by their response to phytohemagglutinin during and following a pregnancy. The percent of transformation of lymphocytes was evaluated by both morphologic and autoradiographic criteria. There was no significant difference in the per cent of transformation in 7 lymphocyte cultures during the third trimester of pregnancy compared to 6 cultures following delivery. This suggests that a major intrinsic defect of lymphocytes is not a factor in the ability of a mother to successfully sustain an intrauterine graft of foreign tissue.
Large Focal Plane Arrays for Future Missions

We outline the challenges associated with the development and construction of large focal plane arrays for use both on the ground and in space. Using lessons learned from existing JPL-led and ASU/JPL partnership efforts to develop technology for, and design such arrays and imagers for large focal planes, we enumerate here the remaining problems that need to be solved to make such a venture viable. Technologies we consider vital for further development include: (1) architectures, processes, circuits, and readout solutions for production and integration of four-side buttable, low-cost, high-fidelity, high-performance, and high-reliability CCD and CMOS imagers; (2) modular, four-side buttable packaging of CCD/CMOS imagers; (3) techniques and hardware to test and characterize the large number of chips required to produce the hundreds of flight-grade detectors needed for large focal-plane missions being conceived at this time; (4) ground based testbed needs, such as a large format camera mounted on a ground-based telescope, to field test the detectors and the focal plane technology solutions; and (5) validation of critical sub-components of the design on a balloon mission to ensure their flight-readiness. This paper outlines the steps required to provide a mature solution to the astronomical community with a minimal investment, building on years of planning and investments already completed at JPL.
A New Look at Broken Ergodicity

We study the nature and mechanisms of broken ergodicity (BE) in specific random walk models corresponding to diffusion on random potential surfaces, in both one and high dimension. Using both rigorous results and nonrigorous methods, we confirm several aspects of the standard BE picture and show that others apply in one dimension, but need to be modified in higher dimensions. These latter aspects include the notions that at fixed temperature confining barriers increase logarithmically with time, that ``components'' are necessarily bounded regions of state space which depend on the observational timescale, and that the system continually revisits previously traversed regions of state space. We examine our results in the context of several experiments, and discuss some implications of our results for the dynamics of disordered and/or complex systems.
Entanglement-assisted zero-error capacity is upper-bounded by the Lovász ϑ function

The zero-error capacity of a classical channel is expressed in terms of the independence number of some graph and its tensor powers. This quantity is hard to compute even for small graphs such as the cycle of length seven, so upper bounds such as the Lovasz theta function play an important role in zero-error communication. In this paper, we show that the Lovasz theta function is an upper bound on the zero-error capacity even in the presence of entanglement between the sender and receiver.
Neutral endopeptidase modulates neurogenic inflammation

A noncholinergic, nonadrenergic nervous system has been described, involving the sensory nerves in the airways. Chemicals, dusts and other irritants stimulate these sensory nerves to release substance P and related neuropeptides. These neuropeptides have the remarkable ability to affect multiple cells in the airways and to provoke many responses including cough, mucus secretion, smooth muscle contraction, plasma extravasation and neutrophil adhesion. This series of effects is termed "neurogenic inflammation." An enzyme exists on the surfaces of all lung cells that contain receptors for these neuropeptides. This enzyme, neutral endopeptidase (NEP), by cleaving and thus inactivating the neuropeptides, limits the concentration of the neuropeptide that reaches the receptor on the cell surface. Thus, neurogenic inflammatory responses are normally mild and presumably protective in nature. However, when NEP is inhibited pharmacologically (with NEP inhibitors) or by cigarette smoke, respiratory viral infection, or by inhalation of the industrial pollutant toluene diisocyanate, neurogenic inflammatory responses are exaggerated. Delivery of exogenous human recombinant NEP inhibits neurogenic inflammation. Finally, evidence is provided that corticosteroids suppress neurogenic plasma extravasation and that this drug can upregulate NEP in human airway tissue. Neutral endopeptidase cleaves multiple peptides. Thus, its selectivity resides, at least in part, on its fixed location on the surfaces of specific cells where it can modulate effects of peptides exposed to the cells' surfaces.
CREATIVITY IN EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION

ONE OF THE characteristics of human behavior which our society appears to deem highly desirable is that of creativity. Government and industry are rewarding the individual who has creative ability. There are those who also indicate that creativity is of vital importance to educators. Certainly, as the administrator assumes his leadership role, he must, of necessity, become involved in the creative proc ess. He is responsible for fostering creativity in his organization, providing for creative teaching, and insuring that pupil personnel have the opportunity to develop creative ability. Although studies concerning creativity have been made in the field of education, the subj ects have been pupils and teachers rather than administrators. What of the creative ability of the administrators themselves?
Vitamin A and galactosyl transferase of tracheal epithelium

Abstract We developed an assay for galactosyl transferase (uridine diphosphategalactose:glycoprotein galactosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.22) in microsomes of rat tracheal epithelium and characterized the properties of this enzyme system. We found that vitamin A deficiency greatly depressed galactosyl transferase activity. Activity could be restored within 48 h by dosing the animal with retinyl acetate. Adding retinol to the microsomes from tracheal epithelium of vitamin A-deficient rats also restored galactosyl transferase activity to some extent. Full restoration was achieved by pre-incubating retinol with the microsomal preparation for 30 min. Optimal concentration of pre-incubated retinol was 10−8 M. Pre-incubation with retinyl phosphate and retinoic acid stimulated galactosyl transferase activity in microsomes from tracheas of deficient rats; pre-incubation with dolichyl phosphate, anhydroretinol and the dimethylacetylcyclopentenyl analog of retinoic acid did not. We concluded that vitamin A is involved in the galactosyl transferase system of rat tracheal epithelium, possibly by being linked to galactose.
Pediatric germ cell tumors

Pediatric germ cell tumors are a diverse group of neoplasms with variable clinical behaviors, depending upon the age and site of presentation. Most result from sporadic mutations, although environmental exposures and other genetic aberrations may play a role. Platinum-based chemotherapy has dramatically improved the event-free and overall survival outcomes of pediatric patients with malignant germ cell tumors over the past two decades. Prognosis is dependent on tumor stage and location. Patients with gonadal germ cell tumors have at least a 95% 5-year survival for early stage disease and at least a 85% 5-year survival for advanced stages. In general, extragonadal germ cell tumors carry a poorer prognosis with mediastinal location having the worst outcomes (70% 4-year survival). Current trials are focused on maintaining similar excellent outcomes while reducing morbidity by reducing the dose and duration of chemotherapy. Cytogenetic research studies have found chromosomal aberrations specific to some of these tumors that may serve as prognosticators and even direct therapy.
Health care trends and vascular specialists: The good, the bad, and the ugly

Current health care trends include movements toward general health care reform and rapidly evolving changes affecting treatment of vascular disease. Government-sponsored programs and private coalitions increasingly influence practice management and patient care. Emerging organizational influences derive from public perceptions, policies, laws, and regulations intended to make health care safe, effective, patient centered, timely, efficient, and equitable. These trends energized methods of quality assessment, cost containment, and practice protocols over individual judgments and seek to exert increasing direction over clinical practice. Some evolving measures are good, some controversial, and some, without deliberate intent, may be harmful. This review considers evolving initiatives in the context of ethics of practice and practicalities of managing patients with vascular disease. Key issues include compliance with purely process-based measures, pay for performance, and assessment of quality outcomes. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and potential threats to vascular practice are outlined.
Ordinal-List Integration for Symbolic, Arbitrary, and Analog Stimuli by Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta)

Two numeral-trained monkeys learned to produce 3 5-item lists of Arabic numerals, colors, and arbitrary signs in the correct sequence. The monkeys then responded at above-chance levels when the authors tested them with nonrewarded pair-wise comparisons of items from different lists, indicating their use of ordinal-position information. The authors also tested the monkeys with nonrewarded pair-wise comparisons of an analog quantity and an item from 1 of the 3 learned lists. Although the monkeys were not trained to serially order analog quantities, 1 monkey correctly integrated the analog quantities with the lists of numerals, colors, and signs. The consistent use of an ordinal rule, despite different types of training and varying degrees of experience with the 4 types of stimuli, suggested that the monkey had a robust concept of ordinality.
Endoscopic management of fistula in ano (Fibrin Glue)

Abstract Intestinal fistulas are difficult problems. Although surgical treatment of anorectal fistulas are frequently successful, it can have significant morbidity. Treatment with surgical sealants is a relatively new option. This manuscript describes treatment techniques and summarizes the reported experience.
Helical computed tomographic angiography of the normal canine pancreas

Helical abdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed in nine normal beagle-mix dogs. Following cephalic vein injection of ionic iodinated contrast medium via power injector (rate 5 ml/s) dual-phase CT was performed in all dogs. A delayed scan was performed in five dogs between 5 and 13 min after the contrast medium injection. The median time of appearance of contrast medium in the aorta and gastroduodenal artery was 6.3 and 7 s, post start injection and 12 and 12.2 s in the gastroduodenal and portal vein, resulting in a purely arterial pancreatic time window of 5-6s. Pancreatic veins and parenchyma remained enhanced until the end of the dynamic scan (40s). The pancreatic parenchyma showed heterogeneous arterial and homogenous venous contrast enhancement which was slightly hypoattenuating compared to the liver. Delayed scans provided best delineation of the pancreas from the liver. The common bile duct could be identified ventral and to the right of the portal vein joining the dorsomedial aspect of proximal duodenum. Because of the very short time window and variable onset of pure arterial enhancement careful planning of dual-phase studies with previous dynamic CT is recommended. Dual-phase CT angiography enables assessment of the arterial supply, parenchymal perfusion and venous drainage of the canine pancreas.