cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Brillouin Gyroscope Using Chip-Integrable High-Q Optical Cavities

A chip-based, micro-optical gyroscope is demonstrated that uses counter-propagating Brillouin lasers to measure rotation as a Sagnac-induced frequency shift. Demonstration of rotation measurement below the Earth rotation rate is presented.
The Evaluation of Eating and Weight Symptoms: A Comparison of Medically Ill and Eating Disorder Patients

The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of hospitalization in a medicalpsychiatry unit for eating disorder patients. A retrospective chart review of 48 patients given an International Classification of Disease-9 diagnosis of an eating disorder was conducted. Presenting symptoms, functional status using the Karnofsky Index, medical and psychiatric evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome were evaluated. Patients fell into 1 of 3 groups: those with an active eating disorder and comorbid medical complications (Eating Disorder [ED] positive [POS], n =25), those with a history of an eating disorder admitted for some other reason (ED history [HX], n =8), and those with eating or weight symptoms ultimately found to be related to a noneating disorder or primary medical process (ED negative [NEG], n =15). The ED POS patients were younger (28.1 vs. 49.1 years, P =0.0001) but had a lower functional status on admission compared with the ED NEG patients (Karnofsky score 51 vs. 72, P =0.0002). They were more likely to binge eat, restrain intake, and abuse laxatives ( P =0.0001, P =0.024, P =0.037, respectively) but did not differ with respect to history of vomiting ( P =0.113). The ED POS patients were more likely to be transferred to a general psychiatry or eating disorder unit. Overall length of stay was greater in this group (44.6 vs. 20.4 days, P =0.031). Initial evaluation of patients presenting with eating or weight symptoms may be difficult given similarities between the patients with primary eating disorders and those with other underlying medical causes. The medical-psychiatry unit provides comprehensive initial evaluation and treatment of patients with eating and weight symptoms.
Borderline Personality Disorder: An Overview

The overview of the borderline personality disorder literature reveals that this category continues to evolve, despite its relative recent history in the DSM. Perhaps the most significant improvements will come from systematic research that attempts to resolve the controversy whether the disorder is best conceptualized as a category or personality dimension. Nonetheless, the DSM-IV diagnosis describes a reliable and valid construct. Additional research is also needed to gain a better understanding of the etiology of the disorder, including systematic investigations of the interplay among biological factors, genetic vulnerabilities, and psychological and social risk factors. The use of prospective, longitudinal designs studying large cohorts of children will provide a better understanding of the development, etiology, course, and prevention of the disorder. It is expected that advances in basic research will also translate into breakthroughs in treatment, which ultimately may improve the quality of life for BPD patients.
The pathology of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

The diagnosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) requires accurate histopathology, including immunocytochemistry, as well as careful clinical appraisal and analysis for T-cell clonality. This paper reviews the key histologic features of mycosis fungoides (MF) and its variants, and of lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP). Mycosis fungoides is an epidermotropic CTCL that evolves through distinct disease stages of patch, plaque, and tumor, often leading to transformation in the final stages. Disease staging is made clinically, and diagnosis may be difficult during the early stages because several common dermatologic conditions share features with MF. Therefore, clinical appraisal plus the presence of characteristic histopathologic features are needed to ensure accurate diagnosis. Clinical information is particularly important in the diagnosis of LyP, as the disease appears malignant histologically, but has a benign clinical course. Several other T-cell lymphomas were defined in a recent classification of these cutaneous lymphomas, and some key features of these disorders are also briefly reviewed.
Laparoscopic Excision of Müllerian Duct Remnant

Mullerian duct cysts are rare but they can cause significant abdominal and vesical symptoms. Excision of these cysts entails a major surgical effort that usually involves a transvesical approach. To our knowledge we report the first case of successful laparoscopic excision of a large 7 cm. mullerian duct cyst with preservation of potency and continence.
A novel approach to quantifying the kinetics of point defect absorption at dislocations

Abstract Microstructure evolution under creep loading and/or irradiation is largely affected by the two-way coupling between dislocation induced plasticity and point defect diffusion as mediated by the internal elastic strain field within the medium. The magnitude of this effect has been quantified only in idealized, simplified environments such that estimates of absorption rates of point defects to dislocations ignore the collective effects on capture rates arising from particular distribution of dislocations in a given network, the interaction of point defects with the internal strain, or in many cases both. To quantify these effects, we advance a novel methodology to determine point defect capture rates locally within a spatially resolved finite difference solution to the diffusion problem for arbitrarily directed dislocations and the corresponding strain fields. In addition to examining the effects of these couplings on local and effective absorption rates of dislocation networks, the potential consequences of these interactions on other microstructure evolution phenomena are examined using void swelling under irradiation as an example. Our study indicates that local rates of defect mediated microstructural changes such as cavity growth can vary strongly as a consequence of the arrangement of the dislocation network and the corresponding strain state. The heterogeneous aspects of the resultant defect populations are shown to provide mechanisms for microstructural evolution under irradiation that are not available in the conventional homogeneous theory.
Cooperative Radar and Communications Coexistence Using Reinforcement Learning

The growing population of radar and communications systems poses a challenge to spectral coexistence. In this preliminary study, we investigate the utility of reinforcement learning in facilitating cooperative radar and communications coexistence. We also highlight subtleties and challenges associated with employing reinforcement learning in this context. We simulate a small joint radar-communications network whose members communicate while tracking a moving target’s range. A network management system must learn how to distribute allotted bandwidth to jointly maximize communications and radar performance. Considering several constraints and assumptions in the simulation, the agent sensibly chooses actions that accomplish the required performance behavior.
State-Selective Polariton to Dark State Relaxation Dynamics

The modification of vibrational dynamics is essential for controlling chemical reactions and IR photonic applications. The hybridization between cavity modes and molecular vibrational modes provide...
Managing tricuspid valve regurgitation: a long and winding road.

Moderate to severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, both in isolation and in combination with left-sided heart disease.1 2 Of the 1.6 million patients in the USA with moderate to severe TR, the vast majority have functional TR in the setting of left-sided heart disease and associated pulmonary hypertension. Clinicians have long struggled with how to optimally manage these patients. Diuretics are a mainstay of medical therapy, and for those with concomitant heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), optimal medical therapy (OMT) is recommended. In general, however, medical therapy will not reverse progressive right ventricular dysfunction with significant TR and has not been associated with beneficial long-term effects. Surgical intervention via tricuspid valve repair or replacement more definitively addresses valvular dysfunction, and according to current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines is recommended in patients with severe TR undergoing left-sided valve surgery (class I), mild or greater TR combined with either tricuspid annular dilation or right-sided heart failure at the time of left-sided valve surgery (class IIa), and isolated severe TR with symptoms (class IIa) or with associated right ventricular dysfunction (class IIb).3 Despite these recommendations, however, less than 8000 tricuspid valve surgeries (TVS) are performed annually in the USA, of which only 500 are for isolated TR.1 This is primarily due to perceived surgical risk in patients with multiple comorbidities. Indeed, in-hospital mortality for patients receiving TVS has been estimated at approximately 8%–10%. Given the associated surgical risks, surgical intervention may be delayed in lieu …
Applications of silica nanoparticles in glass/carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy nanocomposite

Abstract Fiber-reinforced polymer nanocomposite has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its superior mechanical properties, outstanding lightness in weight, good thermal stability and corrosion resistance ability, which is enhanced by a variety of organic and/or inorganic nanofillers. Among all available inorganic nanofillers, silica (SiO2) nanoparticle (SNP) is one of the most important nanofillers and found at the forefront in the field of polymer composite materials due to its abundance and high-performance features. This is a tutorial review on the advances made in fabrication and application of glass/carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy nanocomposite (GFRENC/CFRENC) with SNPs and surface-modified SNPs. Research attempts on surface modification of SNPs and strategies to achieve high performance SNP-enhanced GFRENC/CFRENC are addressed.
Trevor Owens. The Theory and Craft of Digital Preservation .

When asked to review this book, I jumped at the chance as it was published serendipitously to efforts I am making to articulate the digital-preservation ethos at my institution. Trevor Owens’ The Theory and Craft of Digital Preservation serves as a refresher for the seasoned digital preservation practitioner, as well as providing new insights for how to undertake these efforts, all the while being approachable for the novice. Owens boldly chose to write this work from a first-person point of view, which makes it all the more engaging. It is filled with quips such as on page 107, where he has been discussing the need for maintaining multiple copies. He urges the reader, “If you don’t have a second copy of content you care about ensuring access to, stop reading the book now and go and make one.”
Defect engineering on MoS2 surface with argon ion bombardments and thermal annealing

Abstract Various approaches have been developed to produce MoS2 monolayers and multilayers. Using plasma and thermal thinning, layer-by-layer thinning processes were developed to produce MoS2 monolayer and multilayers. However, an atomic-level understanding of the thinning mechanism and defects created in these processes is not clear. In this paper, we studied the impact on surface structures of bulk MoS2 by argon ion (Ar+) bombardments and thermal annealing using an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The STM images obtained before and after Ar+ bombardments show that low-energy (50 eV) Ar+ ions can remove single atoms from the surface and fragment the top sulfur layer resulting in single sulfur vacancy point defects and atomic pits on the MoS2 surface. Higher energy (100 eV) Ar+ ions can penetrate deeper and remove the topmost MoS2 trilayer. After bombardment with an Ar+ beam of 500 eV, the MoS2 surface appeared as granulated nanostructures consisting of 1–3 nm nanoparticles. Upon thermal annealing, topmost sulfur atoms were removed through sublimation after heating at 650 °C for 5 min and deeper atom sublimation was observed with longer annealing time, resulting in granulated nanostructures on the MoS2 surface.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of splenic infarction in cancer patients: a retrospective, single center report of 206 cases.

Cancer patients have a high risk of thromboembolic events including splenic infarct (SI). However, risk factors for SI in cancer patients are poorly understood, and the utility of systemic anticoagulation in such patients is uncertain. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all cancer patients with SI treated at Yale New Haven Hospital from 2008 to 2017. Central review of radiology imaging was performed to confirm the diagnosis of SI. Baseline differences in variables among patients with and without recurrent SI were compared using Fisher’s exact test, Pearson’s χ2 test, and t-test. Multivariable regression models were conducted to identify factors associated with recurrent SI. Of 206 patients with cancer and SI, 42 had a prior venous thromboembolic event, while 29 had atrial fibrillation/flutter. At a median follow-up of 11.4 months (range: 0–142.3 months), 152 patients underwent follow-up imaging, with only 6 having recurrent SI. The use of anticoagulation after initial SI was associated with a nonsignificant increase in recurrent SI (p = 0.054) and was not associated with development of venous thromboembolism after SI (p = 0.414). In bivariate analyses, the risk of recurrent SI showed a significant association with lower platelet counts (p < 0.001) and with atrial fibrillation/flutter (p = 0.036). In a multivariable logistic regression model, no variables were identified that were associated with a higher risk of recurrent SI. SI in cancer patients is typically an isolated event with low recurrence risk. Anticoagulation use should be guided by other thromboembolic risk factors.
Impact of Advanced Practice Provider Integration into Multispecialty Group Practices on Outcomes Following Major Surgery.

Background. While advanced practice providers (APPs) are increasingly integrated into care delivery models, little is known about their impact in surgical settings. Given that many patients undergo...
Two-Stage Sampling, Prediction and Adaptive Regression via Correlation Screening

This paper proposes a general adaptive procedure for budget-limited predictor design in high dimensions called two-stage Sampling, Prediction and Adaptive Regression via Correlation Screening (SPARCS). The SPARCS can be applied to high-dimensional prediction problems in experimental science, medicine, finance, and engineering, as illustrated by the following. Suppose that one wishes to run a sequence of experiments to learn a sparse multivariate predictor of a dependent variable $Y$ (disease prognosis for instance) based on a $p$ dimensional set of independent variables $ {\mathrm {X}}=[X_{1},\ldots , X_{p}]^{T}$ (assayed biomarkers). Assume that the cost of acquiring the full set of variables X increases linearly in its dimension. The SPARCS breaks the data collection into two stages in order to achieve an optimal tradeoff between sampling cost and predictor performance. In the first stage, we collect a few ( $n$ ) expensive samples $\{y_{i}, {\mathrm {x}}_{i}\}_{i=1}^{n}$ , at the full dimension $p\gg n$ of X, winnowing the number of variables down to a smaller dimension $l using a type of cross correlation or regression coefficient screening. In the second stage, we collect a larger number $(t-n)$ of cheaper samples of the $l$ variables that passed the screening of the first stage. At the second stage, a low-dimensional predictor is constructed by solving the standard regression problem using all $t$ samples of the selected variables. The SPARCS is an adaptive online algorithm that implements false positive control on the selected variables, is well suited to small sample sizes, and is scalable to high dimensions. We establish asymptotic bounds for the familywise error rate, specify high dimensional convergence rates for support recovery, and establish optimal sample allocation rules to the first and second stages.
Rates of evolution in the dentition of early Eocene Cantius: comparison of size and shape

Cantius is an early Eocene adapid primate with an exceptionally well known fossil record. Measurements were recorded to describe the size and shape of upper and lower first molars collected from a measured stratigraphic section in the Clarks Fork Basin of Wyoming. Rates of change of size and shape are quantified by calculating evolutionary rates in standard deviation units per generation (haldanes). Temporal scaling of rates shows that change in size was generated by a significantly nonrandom directional process, while change in shape was generated by a significantly nonrandom stabilizing process. Size change in Cantius is interpreted to be the result of weak directional selection, and shape change is interpreted to be the result of strong stabilizing selection.
Implications for the practice of psychiatry.

Publisher Summary Compared to some other medical specialties, psychiatric medicine is still hampered by the lack of objective, molecular or biological criteria for diagnosis, or treatment evaluation. Although the use of biomarkers is a routine practice for certain other medical disciplines, psychiatrists still have to solely rely on relatively subjective-symptom severity rating scales and on broad diagnostic criteria for therapeutic decisions. Using unbiased whole genome-based approaches, novel pathways and molecules involved in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders may be identified. The chapter elucidates the use of proteomics and mRNA expression arrays (expressomics) for the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. Proteomics involves the analysis of the complete pattern of the expressed proteins and their post-translational modifications in a cell or tissue. Comparison of the proteome of diseased and healthy tissue may represent a very powerful method to unravel the pathogenesis of disease, to identify therapeutic targets, and to develop diagnostic tests. However, the main limitation of proteomics is its dependence on sufficient quantities of starting material. Another possible approach is to identify candidate genes from genome-wide analyses of changes in mRNA expression using the microarrays. Even though some promising candidates for psychiatric disorders have been identified using proteomics and functional genomics approaches, none has yet emerged as validated diagnostic or disease progression markers. It is hoped that in future, molecular genetics tests will be utilized to identify the underlying biological cause of psychiatric disorders and will aid in selection of treatment that specifically interferes with the identified pathological pathway.
Exact equilibrium shapes of Ising crystals on triangular/honeycomb lattices

The anisotropic surface tension for an Ising system below the critical point on a triangular or a honeycomb lattice can be computed through duality. Using the Wulff construction, the equilibrium shape of a crystal (droplet of one phase inside a sea of the other) is found. An exact and simple equation for this shape is derived.
Mechanistic Study of β-Substituent Effects on the Mechanism of Ketone Reduction by SmI2

The rate constants for the reduction of 2-butanone, methylacetoacetate, N, N-dimethylacetoacetamide, and a series of 4‘- and 2‘-substituted acetophenone derivatives by SmI2 were determined in dry THF using stopped-flow absorption decay experiments. Activation parameters for the electron-transfer processes in each series of compounds were determined by a temperature-dependence study over a range of 30 to 50 °C. Two types of reaction pathways are possible for these electron-transfer processes. One proceeds through coordination (Scheme 1) while the other involves chelation (Scheme 2). The results described herein unequivocally show that both coordination and chelation provide highly ordered transition states for the electron-transfer process but the presence of a chelation pathway dramatically increases the rate of the reduction of these substrates by SmI2. The ability of various functional groups to promote a chelated reaction pathway plays a crucial role in determining the rate of the reaction. Among the 2...
Periprosthetic fractures in total shoulder replacement

Abstract Periprosthetic fracture is an uncommon complication of shoulder arthroplasty. Over an 18-year period, we identified 38 fractures occurring either during or subsequent to a shoulder arthroplasty. Among intraoperative fractures, the humeral shaft was involved in nine cases, the greater tuberosity in five, the proximal humeral metaphysis in two, the glenoid in four, and the coracoid process in two. Postoperative fractures involved the humeral shaft in 15 cases and the coracoid process in one. Thirty-three fractures occurred in women compared with five in men. Rheumatoid arthritis was the most common diagnosis. Our results suggest that intraoperative shaft fractures occurring at or below the stem tip can be successfully managed by using a long stem implant to bypass the fracture. Supplementary cerclage wires or cables are added if additional stabilization is needed. Eleven of the 15 postoperative shaft fractures were initially treated with a cast or brace. Nonoperative treatment led to union in 6 of the 11 (54.5%), but failed in 5. We recommend a trial of closed treatment if a satisfactory reduction can be obtained and maintained. If acceptable alignment cannot be achieved, or if delayed or nonunion develops, recommended surgical options include internal fixation with a plate if the prosthesis is well fixed, or revision with a long-stem prosthesis. Three of the four intraoperative glenoid fractures precluded glenoid resurfacing. Except for a nonunion in one case, greater tuberosity fractures did not impact the ultimate clinical outcome. Coracoid process fractures were also not clinically significant.
Laser intensity dependence of femtosecond near-infrared optoinjection.

We report an experimental study on transient membrane permeabilization of single living bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) by tightly focused femtosecond near-infrared laser pulses. The membrane permeabilization of the BAEC cells was studied as a function of the incident laser intensity. The rate of dye uptake by the cells was analyzed using time-lapse imaging. We found that membrane permeabilization occurs for laser intensities higher than $4.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. For laser intensity above $3.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{13}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ the cell disintegrates. Within these two limits the rate of dye uptake increases logarithmically with increasing laser intensity. This functional dependence is explained by considering the Gaussian intensity distribution across the laser focal spot. Cell membrane permeabilization is explained by the creation of a plasma within the laser focal spot. The physical understanding of the relationship between dye uptake, pore characteristics, and laser intensity allows control of the concentrations of molecules delivered into cells through the control of pore characteristics.
Theory and practice of multiple headspace extraction

Multiple headspace extraction (MHE) is an absolute quantitative method used in static headspace—GC. In principle it is dynamic gas extraction, carried out stepwise and establishing equilibrium conditions in each step. The concentration of the analyte in the headspace decreases exponentially during the series of extraction steps: by proper mathematical extrapolation the total peak area proportional to the total amount of analyte present in the original sample can be obtained. This paper investigates MHE from the theoretical point of view using two approaches: a simplified theory regarding MHE as a first-order reaction, and a rigorous, step-by-step treatment of the MHE procedure. Special consideration is given to the fact that the headspace gas is only partially removed between individual steps. As shown, the results of both treatments are essentially the same hence the method is theoretically sound. The practical limitations of MHE are also discussed pointing out how the analytical parameters may be adjusted to improve the possibility of determination by MHE.
Shaping and positioning the nasal tip without structural disruption : a new, systematic approach

This paper presents a new, comprehensive, and systematic approach to analysis, planning, and techniques of primary nasal tip rhinoplasty, emphasizing techniques that limit uncontrollable variables before proceeding to techniques which increase uncontrollable variables and risk secondary deformity, including (1) maintenance of structural integrity of the alar rim strips, limiting use of scoring or morselization techniques which reduce support and introduce potential secondary deformities, (2) shaping and positioning the lateral and medial crura in a reversible, nondestructive manner using permanent suture and nonvisible control graft techniques, (3) minimizing uncontrollable postoperative variables by decreasing the need for visible grafts to shape the tip complex in primary rhinoplasty, achieving the same results with existing alar structural elements, (4) integrating these concepts with specific sequences of surgical techniques--bilateral alar arch components individually positioned, then shaped and unified for symmetry, and finally positioned for rotation and projection--and (5) introducing an integrated set of surgical techniques and sequencing of tip surgery to achieve the objectives listed above in most primary and some secondary rhinoplasties. The concepts and techniques of this approach are based on the principle that preservation of structural integrity of alar complex elements (medial and lateral crural arch elements) preserves support and reduces the incidence of secondary deformities (kinking, buckling, discontinuity) that can result from shaping techniques which disrupt that integrity. If shaping and positioning of the tip can be achieved with reversible, nondestructive techniques, the need for placement of visible grafts (with their additional variables) is greatly reduced. Shaping and positioning can be performed incrementally and reversibly without jeopardizing structural integrity and support in the surgical process. Ten fresh cadaver dissections were utilized in the development of the surgical techniques. A total of 233 rhinoplasties (220 primary and 13 secondary) with 1 to 9 years of follow-up have been performed using this approach. Only two secondary procedures for tip deformity have been performed.
Teachers’ Personal Agency: Making Sense of Slope Through Additive Structures

In the context of a three-year professional development program in mathematics, practicing elementary teachers persistently engaged in collaborative inquiry and reflection to build connected meanings for slope. One teacher invented a compelling representation for slope as a process of repeated addition, using Cuisenaire rods, based on teachers' shared experiences developing recursively defined linear equations. The presence of and tension between different representations of slope, brought forth by the teachers, catalyzed productive cycles of choice and inquiry for the entire class. Personal agency, purposeful choice, and performance provide a valuable lens for fine-grained analysis of mathematical learning.
Ionic control of renal gluconeogenesis. IV. Effect of extracellular phosphate concentration.

Abstract Isolated rat renal tubules from glucose from pyruvate, malate, glycerol and α-ketoglutarate. The rate of glucose formation from all but glycerol is enhanced by an increase in Ca 2+ concentration. Because changes in inorganic phosphate concentrations influence the uptake and retention of calcium by isolated cells, the effect of changes in phosphate concentration upon renal gluconeogenesis was examined. It was found that changing phosphate concentration altered the metabolism of isolated rat renal tubules in three ways which dependend upon the Ca 2+ concentration. In the absence of Ca 2+ , increasing phosphate concentration from 0.07 to 1.2 mM led to a stimulation of the decarboxylation of [U- 14 C]malate, [1-14C]pyruvate, [2- 14 C]-pyruvate, α-keto[5- 14 C]glutarate and [1,3- 14 C 2 ]glycerol, and to an increase in ATP concentration but had no effect upon the rate of glucose formation from malate, pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate but a slight stimulation of glucose production from glycerol. A further increase in phosphate above 1.2 mM had no effect on any of these parameters. In the presence of either low (0.2 mM) or high (2.0 mM) Ca 2+ , changing phosphate concentration had no effect upon the decarboxylation of any of these substrates except glycerol whose decarboxylation was stimulated by increasing medium phosphate concentration. In the presence of calcium, increasing phosphate concentration led to an inhibition of glucose formation from malate, pyruvate and α-ketoglutarate but not from glycerol. Also in the presence of calcium both parathyroid hormone and cyclic AMP stimulated glucose formation, and under these conditions increasing phosphate concentration led to an inhibition of glucose formation. In tubules treated with parathyroid hormone an increase in phosphate concentration from 0.07 to 6.0 mM led to a significant increase in cyclic AMP concentration even though the rate of glucose formation decreased. Analysis of metabolite concentrations and rates of substrates decarboxylations, under a variety of conditions, revealed that P i altered renal gluconeogenesis at a site different from those controlled by changes in Ca 2+ concentration. The P i -control site was tentatively identified as the glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase-glycerate kinase reaction sequence. However, the effect of changing P i concentration upon parathyroid hormone-induced alterations in cyclic AMP concentration could not be explained by this action of P i , and was probably due to an effect of P i upon cellular calcium distribution. Thus, changes in P i concentration appear to have two cellular effects, only one of which is related to a change in cellular calcium metabolism.
On the evolution of information science

The emergence and development of information science within its wider disciplinary framework is interpreted. Information science is approached as one of a modern generation of communication or behavioral disciplines which emerged almost simultaneously around World War II. Consequently, an attempt is made to discern the evolution of relationships between information science and other modern generation disciplines. The internal development of information science is first sketched. Second, possible relationships and roles of information science within a potentially emergent suprasystem of knowledge are discussed.
IBM business transformation enabled by service-oriented architecture

This paper discusses the use of service-oriented architecture (SOA) as one of the key elements supporting business transformation at IBM. It describes the internal SOA strategy, SOA governance, organizational impacts, and several IBM internal SOA case studies. The top-down and bottom-up approaches to promoting SOA within the enterprise are also illustrated, along with a set of SOA business and information technology lessons learned.
"The Whole Story is What I'm After": Womanist Revolutions and Liberation Feminist Revelations through Biomythography and Emancipatory Historiography

Using the methods of biomythography and emancipatory historioriography, we will illustrate the ways in which black and white women have wrestled with the contradictions that liminality poses for past, present, and future relations; we will analyze the situations that have caused black and white women to become imbricated in such an ideology, either as perpetrators or victims of such perpetration; and we will examine the ways in which black and white women have worked to deconstruct and dismantle such ideologies for the purpose of constructing a liberative ethic.
Acoustic voice analysis of prelingually deaf adults before and after cochlear implantation.

Summary It is widely accepted that many severe to profoundly deaf adults have benefited from cochlear implants (CIs). However, limited research has been conducted to investigate changes in voice and speech of prelingually deaf adults who receive CIs, a population well known for presenting with a variety of voice and speech abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to use acoustic analysis to explore changes in voice and speech for three prelingually deaf males pre- and postimplantation over 6 months. The following measurements, some measured in varying contexts, were obtained: fundamental frequency ( F 0 ), jitter, shimmer, noise-to-harmonic ratio, voice turbulence index, soft phonation index, amplitude- and F 0 -variation, F 0 -range, speech rate, nasalance, and vowel production. Characteristics of vowel production were measured by determining the first formant ( F 1 ) and second formant ( F 2 ) of vowels in various contexts, magnitude of F 2 -variation, and rate of F 2 -variation. Perceptual measurements of pitch, pitch variability, loudness variability, speech rate, and intonation were obtained for comparison. Results are reported using descriptive statistics. The results showed patterns of change for some of the parameters while there was considerable variation across the subjects. All participants demonstrated a decrease in F 0 in at least one context and demonstrated a change in nasalance toward the norm as compared to their normal hearing control. The two participants who were oral-language communicators were judged to produce vowels with an average of 97.2% accuracy and the sign-language user demonstrated low percent accuracy for vowel production.
Isolated contracture of the abductor digiti minimi

A case of isolated contracture of an intrinsic hand muscle, the abductor digiti minimi, after the use of an upper extremity tourniquet is reported. Six cadaver specimens were studied after latex arterial injection. We present an anatomic study and pathomechanical analysis, along with a review of the literature on tourniquet-associated injuries.
Vapor‐liquid equilibria for NH3 and H2O in the 100 to 150°C region: Effect of low levels of phenol on partial pressure of ammonia

Experimental results are reported for the partial pressure of ammonia in water solutions containing low concentrations of phenol. Experiments were performed in 0.6 molal phenol at 100 and 150°C. Results at 150°C indicate that the very small effect of phenol on the partial pressure of ammonia is within the limit of experimental error, 3%, and therefore could not be established from the data. However, at 100°C, the partial pressure of ammonia was decreased by nearly 10%. Computer program TIDES—a computerized thermodynamic framework for calculating vapor-liquid equilibria for volatile weak electrolytes and other common gases—has been revised to account for the effect of low concentrations of phenol.
Nucleolar transformation in plants grown on clinostats

Cells of carrot calli (Daucus carota L.) grown on clinostats (simulated weightlessness) exhibit increases in nucleolar number and volume. In clinostat-grown whole barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Steptoe), nucleoli in ∼70% of root meristem and root cortical cells in the 1 mm root apex exhibit multiple nodulations after one day of growth. The nucleolar nodules (1.1 μm mean diameter) are densely and finely fibrous, distinctly different from the nucleolus in which the content is so compact that the granular component is masked. Control nucleoli (from vertically rotated and stationary seedlings) rarely exhibit nodule-like protrusions, are not compact, and contain a well defined granular component. Proteins that are heat soluble, characteristic of many stress responses, rapidly increase in barley grown on clinostats. Barley growth on clinostats is slowly and steadily inhibited. There is no difference between vertically rotated and stationary controls for any of the parameters measured, indicating that clinostat motion per se does not affect significantly barley development. The evidence taken together suggests that barley plants germinated and grown on clinostats are stressed, the effects of which are expressed sequentially by alteration of nucleolar morphology, increased production of heat-soluble proteins, and decreased plant growth. Similar stress-related changes may be expected to occur in plants subjected to weightlessness during space flight. It is therefore of interest that nucleoli in wheat roots (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Broom) obtained from the space flight IML-1 mission show irregularity that is not observed in any of the ground controls for the flight experiment.
Myosin II and Rho kinase activity are required for melanosome aggregation in fish retinal pigment epithelial cells

In the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of fish, melanosomes (pigment granules) migrate long distances through the cell body into apical projections in the light, and aggregate back into the cell body in the dark. RPE cells can be isolated from the eye, dissociated, and cultured as single cells in vitro. Treatment of isolated RPE cells with cAMP or the phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid (OA), stimulates melanosome aggregation, while cAMP or OA washout in the presence of dopamine triggers dispersion. Previous studies have shown that actin filaments are both necessary and sufficient for aggregation and dispersion of melanosomes within apical projections of isolated RPE. The role of myosin II in melanosome motility was investigated using the myosin II inhibitor, blebbistatin, and a specific rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, H-1152. Blebbistatin and H-1152 partially blocked melanosome aggregation triggered by cAMP in dissociated, isolated RPE cells and isolated sheets of RPE. In contrast, neither drug affected melanosome dispersion. In cells exposed to either blebbistatin or H-1152, then triggered to aggregate using OA, melanosome aggregation was completely inhibited. These results demonstrate that (1) melanosome aggregation and dispersion occur through different, actin-dependent mechanisms; (2) myosin II and ROCK activity are required for full melanosome aggregation, but not dispersion; (3) partial aggregation that occurred despite myosin II or ROCK inhibition suggests a second component of aggregation that is dependent on cAMP signaling, but independent of ROCK and myosin II. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An exploratory analysis comparing a stochastic driving cycle to California's regulatory cycle

Abstract As the fundamental building block of the emissions estimation process, a driving cycle needs to be representative of real-world driving behavior. The driving cycle construction method becomes crucial for generating a representative driving cycle. In this paper, we revisit the Unified Cycle's (i.e., the LA92 driving cycle) construction method. The California Air Resources Board's Unified Cycle used a “microtrips” approach, a speed–acceleration frequency distribution plot, and a quasi-random selection mechanism to build the driving cycle. There is concern that the Unified Cycle does not reflect the true driving patterns due to the identified flaws in the construction methodology. Treating a driving trace as a stochastic process, we construct a new driving cycle (LA01) with the same driving data originally used to build the Unified Cycle. We then compare the two driving cycles with the sample data set with respect to the durations and intensities of the modal events. The new driving cycle is found to better replicate the modal events observed in the sample data. A comparison of average road power values between the sample data, LA01, and the Unified Cycle also confirms the effect of fine-scale driving on emissions. These differences result from the different construction approaches and can be expected to affect emissions inventory estimation.
The debate in women's studies: Contradictory role models in the nineteenth century—Margaret fuller and Elizabeth Peabody

Abstract There are strong and distinct roots for existing ideological differences between autonomists and integrationists within the discipline of Women's Studies. Margaret Fuller, a 19th century proponent of the autonomous Women's Studies position, held Conversations in Boston for women between 1839–1844, and asked her circle, “‘What were we born to do? And how shall we do it?’” (Memoirs of Margaret Fuller Ossoli, Vol. 1, p. 325, 1852, Philips, Sampson, & Co., Boston). She sought the individual and demanded woman's intellectual separation from man so that she might come to know herself. In contrast, her peer and near-contemporary, Elizabeth Palmer Peabody, promoted the values and attitudes of today's integrationist Women's Studies historians in Reading Parties she held in the 1820s. Peabody looked for the seeds of community and found women to be organic sources of nurturing and human development. These two conflicting and necessary mainsprings of thought regarding the nature and function of woman, while not the invention of Fuller or Peabody in the mid-1840s, were nevertheless an intellectual springboard from which the modern university has been fashioned for both sexes. Understanding the origins of the philosophical confrontation between Fuller and Peabody may shed light on today's choices between autonomous and integrationist positions, in a debate that is current while it is also very old.
A large L-band rectangular corrugated horn

A lightweight, rectangular, corrugated-horn antenna constructed from sheet metal is described. Over a 1.3-1.7 GHz operating band, its half-power beamwidth is approximately 20\deg in the E -plane and varies from 17\deg to 13\deg in the H -plane. Quarter-wave choke slots at the aperture help to reduce the E -plane sidelobes below -55 dB at angles greater than 90\deg , while the H -plane sidelobes lie in that range both with and without choke slots. Return loss throughout the operating band is -25 dB or below. Critical dimensions are provided, together with useful guidelines for designing similar antennas.
Insulin degrading enzyme is expressed in the human cerebrovascular endothelium and in cultured human cerebrovascular endothelial cells.

Insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) is found in the cytosol, peroxisomes and plasma membrane of many cells. Although it preferentially cleaves insulin it can also cleave many other small proteins with diverse sequences including the monomeric form of the amyloid beta peptide (Aβ). In the brain, IDE has been reported to be expressed predominantly in neurons. In this study, IDE expression was detected in cultured human cerebrovascular endothelial cells. Using laser capture microdissection followed by PCR analysis, it was found that IDE mRNA is expressed in human brain blood vessels. Using immunofluorescence and multiphoton microscopy IDE was localized to the endothelium of the cerebrovascular blood vessels in human.
Fibroblast growth factor upregulates PGG/H synthase in rabbit microvascular endothelial cells by a glucocorticoid independent mechanism.

The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) on eicosanoid synthesis in microvessel endothelial cells derived from rabbit left ventricular muscle (RCME cells). We observed that aFGF increased AA conversion to PGE2 in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and the stimulatory effect was abolished by actinomycin D and cycloheximide. Acidic FGF increased the recovery of PGG/H synthase activity following aspirin treatment, suggesting an action on de novo PGG/H synthase synthesis. Acidic FGF increased the incorporation of [35S] methionine into a 70 kD immunoreactive PGG/H synthase band. PGG/H synthase synthesis following aspirin treatment was also increased by transforming growth factor β, while epidermal growth factor basic FGF and platelet derived growth factor were without effect. In addition, the actions of aFGF on de novo PGG/H synthase were compared in several endothelial preparations. Acidic FGF treatment of aspirin treated endothelial cells from rabbit lung microvessels and small pulmonary artery and from human lung microvessels all showed an increase in PGG/H synthase recovery. In contrast, similar treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was without effect. Pretreatment of RCME cells with dexamethasone (1 μM) did not alter the aFGF induction of PGG/H synthase activity. We conclude that aFGF stimulates PGE2 production by a mechanism that includes the de novo synthesis of PGG/H synthase. This mechanism appears to be distinct from previously described glucocorticoid sensitive translational controls of PG synthase synthesis by epidermal growth factor in smooth muscle and mesangial cells. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Acoustic tube reconstruction from noncausal excitation

Algorithms and experimental procedures are presented for the reconstruction of the area function of a nonuniform tube. This reconstruction is performed from acoustics measurements that are taken in response to acoustic excitation of the tube at one end. The novel aspect of the procedure is that it is applicable to the case where the excitation waveform is a noncausal signal, which includes the case of a periodic excitation signal where the fundamental period is much shorter than the acoustic decay time of the tube being measured. Measurements are made of hard-walled pipes of known area as well as of the human vocal tract.
Influence of squaraine aggregation on short-circuit current and device efficiency

Linear absorption measurements, current-voltage characteristics, and time-resolved microwave conductivity measurements were utilized to investigate the impact of molecular aggregation of a novel donor material on photovoltaic device efficiency. We report efficiencies of 2.4+/−0.3% and explain the increase in short-circuit current and efficiency as a function of the increased aggregation.
Combining Homogeneous Catalysis with Heterogeneous Separation using Tunable Solvent Systems

Tunable solvent systems couple homogeneous catalytic reactions to heterogeneous separations, thereby combining multiple unit operations into a single step and subsequently reducing waste generation and improving process economics. In addition, tunable solvents can require less energy than traditional separations, such as distillation. We extend the impact of such solvents by reporting on the application of two previously described carbon dioxide tunable solvent systems: polyethylene glycol (PEG)/organic tunable solvents (POTS) and organic/aqueous tunable solvents (OATS). In particular, we studied: (1) the palladium catalyzed carbon−oxygen coupling of 1-bromo-3,5-dimethylbenzene and o-cresol to potassium hydroxide to produce o-tolyl-3,5-xylyl ether and 1-bromo-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzene to potassium hydroxide to produce 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol in PEG400/1,4-dioxane/water and (2) the rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of p-methylstyrene in water/acetonitrile to form 2-(p-tolyl) propanal. In addition, we intro...
Disparities in Judgments of the O. J. Simpson Case: A Social Identity Perspective

In this article, social identity theory is used to explore the disparate perceptions of Blacks and Whites regarding the O. J. Simpson case. In social identity theory, the desire to view one's own social group positively is seen as a primary motivation underlying causal attributions for disturbing social events. This work suggests that racially polarized judgments of the O. J. Simpson trial may be related to (a) perceptions of the nature of status boundaries between Blacks and Whites in American society; (b) the relative importance of social identity; and (c) the degree to which the out-group is seen to pose a threat to the in-group's objective interests and identity concerns. Theoretical and empirical work in social identity theory is discussed.