cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anatomy of a Scan: Digital Market Intelligence and Economic Literacy in the MBA Curriculum

This pilot study examined an innovative rubric designed to overcome the deficiencies of present environmental scanning frameworks. The Anatomy of a Scan rubric resolves two problems associated with environmental scanning instruction. First, the need for simpler rubric designs with familiar formats arises because digital knowledge economy intelligence exceeds the capabilities of existing scanning rubrics, given business education course delivery constraints. Second, the need for improved economic information literacy arises because knowledge economy dynamics expand the breadth and depth of digital market intelligence. By using economic market intelligence to anchor environmental scanning, the anatomy rubric improves students’ strategic focus with conceptual advantages and raises economic literacy with empirical application.
Projected color slides as a method for mass screening of red-green color deficient individuals

University students (111, both male and female) were screened for red-green color deficiency using projected 35 mm slides reproduced from Ishihara and H-R-R color plates. Ishihara and H-R-R color plates were tested in the same individuals at a second setting and the responses compared: 6.3% of the students were identified as color deficient by the Ishihara and 80.2% by the H-R-R projected slides while 5.4% were designated color blind by the Ishihara plates and 4.5% by the H-R-R plates. The sensitivity of both screening systems was 100%; the specificity of the Ishihara slides was 98.1% compared to only 20.8% for the H-R-R. The 9.8% prevalence of red-green deficiency detected by the Ishihara plates and 8.2% by the H-R-R plates for males is similar to the 6 to 9% frequency found for Caucasian males in other population studies. Within rigid guidelines, projected color slides have potential usefulness as a screening method for detecting individuals with red-green color deficiencies.
The effect of aliphatic alcohols and organic solvents on reactions catalyzed by 5-hydroxy-N-methylpyroglutamate synthetase.

Abstract 5-Hydroxy-N-methylpyroglutamate synthetase (HMPG synthetase) catalyzes hydrolysis and acyl transfer reactions with δ-substituted α-ketoglutarates, presumably through the formation of an α-ketoglutaryl enzyme intermediate. With α-ketoglutaramate as the substrate, maximal velocities of 18, 26, and 36 are observed for acyl transfer to water, methylamine, and ethanolamine, respectively. The corresponding maximal velocities with ethyl α-ketoglutarate as the acyl donor are 19, 38, and 68. These results suggest that both acylation and deacylation are partially rate limiting for reactions involving α-ketoglutaramate and ethyl α-ketoglutarate. Aliphatic alcohols increase the rate of hydrolysis of α-ketoglutaramate and ethyl α-ketoglutarate. These rate accelerations increase with increasing chain length of the alcohol until a maximal value is reached and are interpreted as a specific effect on the rate of deacylation of the acyl enzyme. Based on this assumption, the rate of transfer of the acyl group from the enzyme to water, to methylamine, and to ethanolamine has been calculated and found to be independent on the nature of the acyl donor. In contrast to the effects observed on hydrolysis, aliphatic alcohols act as competitive inhibitors with respect to amines in acyl transfer reactions and thus provide evidence for an amine-binding site on the enzyme. Organic solvents increase both hydrolysis and transfer reactions involving amines; however, these effects can be distinguished from those of alcohols by several kinetic criteria.
A Reconceptualization of the Marketing Mix: Using the 4 C's To Improve Marketing Planning in Higher Education.

ABSTRACT Institutions of higher learning have increasingly adopted marketing principles to achieve the institutions' objectives. However, direct application of the traditional marketing mix as characterized by the 4 P's can be problematic. This paper describes and illustrates the reconceptualization of the marketing mix to the 4 C's of Concept, Cost, Channel and Communication.
Classifying Time Series Using Local Descriptors with Hybrid Sampling

Time series classification (TSC) arises in many fields and has a wide range of applications. Here, we adopt the bag-of-words (BoW) framework to classify time series. Our algorithm first samples local subsequences from time series at feature-point locations when available. It then builds local descriptors, and models their distribution by Gaussian mixture models (GMM), and at last it computes a Fisher Vector (FV) to encode each time series. The encoded FV representations of time series are readily used by existing classifiers, e.g., SVM, for training and prediction. In our work, we focus on detecting better feature points and crafting better local representations, while using existing techniques to learn codebook and encode time series. Specifically, we develop an efficient and effective peak and valley detection algorithm from real-case time series data. Subsequences are sampled from these peaks and valleys, instead of sampled randomly or uniformly as was done previously. Then, two local descriptors, Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG-1D) and Dynamic time warping-Multidimensional scaling (DTW-MDS), are designed to represent sampled subsequences. Both descriptors complement each other, and their fused representation is shown to be more descriptive than individual ones. We test our approach extensively on 43 UCR time series datasets, and obtain significantly improved classification accuracies over existing approaches, including NNDTW and shapelet transform.
PHOTONEUTRON CROSS SECTION FOR $sup 4$He UP TO 31 MeV.

The photoneutron cross section for $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ has been measured with monoenergetic photons from threshold to 31 MeV. The cross section reaches its maximum value of 1.0 mb from 24.3 to 27.3 MeV and appears to be split into two broad peaks. The integrated cross section is 7.9 MeV mb. The fore-aft asymmetry of the photoneutrons also was measured. This quantity, which is a measure of the interference between the $E1$ amplitude and the underlying positive-parity contribution, changes from forward to backward peaking at about 27 MeV. The $E2$-to-$E1$ amplitude ratio deduced from these data is of the order of 0.04. A comparison of the cross-section results with the considerably larger values for the $^{4}\mathrm{He}(\ensuremath{\gamma},p)$ reaction measured elsewhere shows appreciable ( 15%) isospin mixing throughout the energy region studied, with indications that this mixing might be increasing with energy above 28 MeV.
Conjunctival impression cytology from dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Pre- and post-treatment with topical cyclosporine.

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), or dry eye, is a major cause of ocular morbidity in humans and dogs.1,2 Although the cause of KCS in dogs often cannot be determined, as in non-Sjogren’s dry eyes, histopathologic and serologic studies suggest that canine KCS frequently results from immune-mediated lacrimal gland destruction or dysfunction. Tear film deficiencies cause changes in the conjunctival epithelium that may account for many of the clinical symptoms and the corneal morbidity in these cases. The normal conjunctival surface is composed of nonkeratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium with goblet cells. These cells and the products from them, including mucin, are critical for ocular surface integrity. Squamous metaplasia from cuboidal epithelium to increasing keratinization and goblet cell loss is associated with KCS in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome and with ocular problems in postmenopausal women.2–4 Methods for staging squamous metaplasia by impression cytology have been established for use in humans.2,5–7Although KCS in dogs and response to treatment with cyclosporine have been characterized histologically by biopsy of lacrimal glands, there are no reports on conjunctival cytology from dogs with KCS.1,8 Clinical trials in dogs and humans have supported the validity of treating KCS with cyclosporine. In this project we characterized conjunctival cytology from dogs with KCS before and after treatment with cyclosporine in order to determine the effect of topical cyclosporine treatment on the conjunctival epithelium.
Investigating Native Californian Tobacco Use at Mission Santa Clara, California, through Morphometric Analysis of Tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) Seeds

Abstract Excavations in the Native rancheria at Mission Santa Clara, California, recovered a large assemblage of predominantly uncharred archaeological tobacco seeds, including many morphologically intact specimens, associated with deposits from ca. 1790–1840 CE. This assemblage, estimated to contain over 4600 tobacco seeds, provided an unprecedented opportunity to explore tobacco use by Native people living at a California mission. Morphometric and linear discriminant analysis of modern comparative tobacco species was used to identify archaeological tobacco seeds at the species or species-group level. Analysis revealed the presence of domesticated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca), and at least one other kind of tobacco (either Nicotiana attenuata, Nicotiana quadrivalvis, and/or Nicotiana acuminata) at Mission Santa Clara during the period of occupation. This evidence suggests that domesticated tobacco and tree tobacco were cultivated and processed at Mission Santa Clara. Domesticated tobacco cultivation and processing reflect hybrid cultural practice, with traditional indigenous methods applied to a novel plant. Tobacco representation in a pit feature associated with mourning ceremony materials indicates an association between ceremonial contexts and intentional tobacco burning, as well as a possible association between native tobacco species and ceremonial practices.
Outcomes in hepatitis C virus seropositive lymphoma and myeloma patients after autologous stem cell transplantation.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the cornerstone therapy for many hematological disorders. Advances in HSCT with better supportive care and earlier referral for HSCT have led to an increase in the number of patients undergoing HSCT. However, the post-HSCT period is often accompanied by infections and complications involving the liver, the lungs and the hematopoietic system.
Order-disorder transition-induced twin domains and magnetic properties in ilmenite-hematite

Ansrnacr The transition temperature (4) between disordered, R3c, and ordered, R3, ilmenitehematite solid solutions in the ferrian ilmenite composition range between Ilmuo and Ilm'o has been redetermined by observing the presence or absence of transition-induced cationordered domains and the behavior of pre-existing domains annealed below the transition. The transition was reversed for Ilmro and is bracketed between 1000 and 1050 "C. The domains were shown by dark-field transmission electron microscopy to be twin related by a 180" rotation about an axis parallel to a and to vary in size depending on Z" and the temperature of quench. A model of the twin-domain boundary indicates that such boundaries are disordered and partially Fe-enriched. Magnetic and reiu observations on the same samples show that the room-temperature saturation magnetization is related to the surface area of the twin boundaries. Because the cation-ordered domains are ferrimagnetic with a strong magnetic moment and the disordered boundaries are probably antiferromagnetic with a weak magnetic moment, the quenched samples are essentially mixtures of two magnetic phases. The magrretization is therefore related to the proportion of each phase. The twin boundaries act as the classic "x" phase, which allows ferrian ilmenite to acquire a self-reversed thermoremanent magnetization (rnvr). Our measurements indicate that when the surface area of the twin boundaries in Ilmro exceeds approximately 25 x 106 m2/m3, the quenched samples acquire reverse rnu during cooling in a 0.5-Oe field. When the boundary surface area is less than this critical threshold, the quenched samples acquire a normal rnvr.
Behavioral Science Offers Fresh Insights on New Product Acceptance

In spite of enormous sums of money spent for research and development, an estimated 90% of all new products fail within four years of their introduction.The explanation, says the author, is not tha...
Linearized Relative State Estimation and Data Association for Orbit Determination of Clustered Geosynchronous Satellites

In the case of optical sensors capable of simultaneously acquiring multiple objects in the field of view, incorrect observation-target association can occur. Additionally, relative state estimation may prove useful in determining the orbit states of one or more satellites. This paper investigates the effectiveness of angles-only linearized relative state estimation and the Mahalanobis distance method of data association. The estimation is performed using the synchronous elements, an appropriate and insightful element set for the modeling of geosynchronous satellites. Satellite position is represented using radius, latitude, and longitude coordinates. Two simulation studies are presented, with comparisons of filter and batch relative state estimation. Finally, predicted measurements and simulated observations are used to assess whether or not the resulting estimates are useful for reacquiring the satellites in the presence of unmodeled perturbations.
Forgery Determination by Functional Analysis

Stone statuettes from Turkey in simply shaped animal and bird forms were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. observations made in drill holes in some of the artifacts led to definite unequivocal evidence for forgery while others were equivocal.
PLOMaR: An ontology framework for context modeling and reasoning on crowd-sensing platform

Crowd-sensing is a popular way to sense and collect data using smartphones that reveals user behaviors and their correlations with device performance. PhoneLab is one of the largest crowd-sensing platform based on the Android system. Through experimental instrumentations and system modifications, researchers can tap into a sea of insightful information that can be further processed to reveal valuable context information about the device, user and the environment. However, the PhoneLab data is in JSON format. The process of inferring reasons from data in this format is not straightforward. In this paper, we introduce PLOMaR — an ontology framework that uses SPARQL rules to help researchers access information and derive new information without complex data processing. The goals are to (i) make the measurement data more accessible, (ii) increase interoperability and reusability of data gathered from different sources, (iii) develop extensible data representation to support future development of the PhoneLab platform. We describe the models, the JSON to RDF mapping processes, and the SPARQL rules used for deriving new information. We evaluate our framework with three application examples based on the sample dataset provided.
The Gut Microbiome and Cirrhosis: Clinical Aspects

Gut microbiota changes are important in determining the occurrence and progression of cirrhosis and its complications. Specifically the systemic inflammation, endotoxemia, and the vasodilation that leads to complications such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatorenal syndrome could be related to the gut milieu. Given the poor prognosis of these events, their prevention and early management are essential. Microbiota may be essential component of the gut milieu that can impact these clinical events and the study of their composition and function in a culture-independent manner could help understand the prognosis. Recent studies have shown that the relative abundance and the functional changes of microbiota in the stool, colonic mucosa, and saliva have varying consequences on the presence and prognosis of cirrhosis. The impact of therapies on the microbiota is slowly being understood and will likely lead to a more targeted approach to gut microbiota modification in cirrhosis.
Profiles of Youths With PTSD and Addiction

ABSTRACTObjective: Understanding the relationship between PTSD and addiction in adolescents may dramatically improve evidence-based practice in child psychiatry. We hypothesized that in a sample of substance addicted youth, PTSD would correlate with (1) female gender and racial minority status, (2) preference for anxiolytic substances, (3) higher burden of self injury and suicide attempts, and (4) earlier age of first use. Methods: One-hundred and ninety-five adolescents (52% female, ages 14–18) were court-referred to residential treatment and assessed at intake. Multi-informant data regarding Axis I diagnostic status and other clinical variables were collected via rater-administered, semi-structured interviews; medical chart review; and youth, parent, and clinician reports. Differences between subjects were evaluated using Fisher's exact test for binary variables or Kruskal-Wallis Chi-Square Test. Results: Substance dependent youth with comorbid PTSD were significantly more likely to be female and Latino...
Estimation and projection of HIV epidemic among high-risk population in Jilin province

Objective To estimate the number of people who lives with HIV and AIDS(PLWHA)in 2009 and the HIV epidemic trend in next six years(2010-2015) in Jilin province and provide evidence for HIV prevention and control.Methods The data from sentinel surveillance,case report,epidemiological survey and scientific lectures were used in Workbook method,Estimation and Projection Package and Asia Epidemic Model to estimate the number of HIV/AIDS and to project the HIV epidemic trend in Jilin province.Results By the end of 2009,it was estimated that among high-risk population the number of cumulative PLWHA was 4 388,the total prevalence of HIV was 0.024% in Jilin province and over 50% of PLWHA were men who had sex with men.HIV epidemic trend will be rising from 2010 to 2015 in Jilin province,where the trend among MSM will go upward markedly,the rising trend among IDU will be slowed down and the rising trend among FSW and their clients will be relatively slow.Conclusion The HIV epidemic in Jilin province was still at a lower level in 2009 and the sexual transmission was the main transmission way.MSM and clients of FSW are the focus population who must be given more attention in the future.
On-Demand Integration and Linking of Open Data Information

This paper introduces an extension of DALI, a framework for data integration and visualisation. When integrating new data, DALI automatically tries to recognise the schema and contents of the file, semantically lift them, and annotate them with existing ontologies. The extension presented in this paper allows users to import data from external data portals, namely portals using CKAN or Socrata, based on the results of a search query or by selecting individual datasets. Furthermore, we perform a semantic expansion of the search terms provided by the user in order to identify datasets that might still be relevant while not containing the exact search terms.
The renaissance of chloramphenicol.

Although chloramphenicol was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic, its use was curtailed when it was found to cause serious blood dyscrasias and undesirable side effects. The recent resurgence in use of chloramphenicol can be attributed to the emergence of ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae, the increased awareness of anaerobic infections, and the development of better analytical methods to measure the drug.
Pinnipeds and Paleocoastal Middens: A Case Study From Point Bennett, San Miguel Island, California

ABSTRACTIn this report, we discuss the results of a 2009 investigation of a Paleocoastal shell midden (CA-SMI-693) on western San Miguel Island, an 8,800-year-old site identified within the Point Bennett pinniped rookery. Analyses of faunal remains at this site suggest that the local biogeography was significantly different than today. We discuss the results of our test investigations, including zooarchaeological analysis and human exploitation of marine fauna on western San Miguel Island. We also summarize what is known about Paleocoastal sites in the Point Bennett area, contributing to a broader understanding of the impacts of coastal erosion and pinniped activities on archaeological resources in island and coastal environments around the world, as well as potential discontinuities in the distribution of ancient versus modern pinniped biogeography.
“It’s On Us.” The Role of Social Media and Rape Culture in Individual Willingness to Mobilize Against Sexual Assault

Stopping sexual violence has become a key issue in the public and media agenda. This study examines the role of social media and bystander intervention in predicting an individual’s willingness to engage in collective action against sexual violence. Two surveys were conducted in fall 2014 and early 2015 examining young adults’ views of social networking sites, rape culture, and collective action. Results indicated that gender and bystander intervention were key predictors of willingness to engage in collective action, along with the privacy concerns of social network users. Views supporting rape culture were found to have a negative association. Implications are discussed.
Urinary calculus disease.

The problem of ureteral calculi is concerned not so much with the size of a stone as how rapidly it is progressing. Stones that reach the lower ureter in a day or two are on their way out; those that hang in the upper ureter have a long and hard journey ahead and are best removed surgically.
Low-Temperature Thermoelectric Properties of PtSb2−xTexfor Cryogenic Peltier Cooling Applications

PtSb2 is a potential material for cryogenic Peltier cooling applications because of its semimetal character with a high Seebeck coefficient and low electrical resistivity. To investigate the effects of n-type doping we studied PtSb2−xTex with x between 0 and 0.04. A clear doping effect was observed, and the power factor was maximized for samples with x = 0.005, 0.02, and 0.04. If thermal conductivity reduction techniques can be used, this material may be a promising candidate for cryogenic Peltier cooling applications.
The cAMP-Specific Phosphodiesterases: A Class of Diverse Enzymes that Define the Properties and Localization of cAMP Signals

Publisher Summary The phosphodiesterases (PDEs) constitute a superfamily of metal-dependent phosphohydrolases that catalyze hydrolysis of cAMP, cGMP, or both CNs to their respective 5' non-cyclic forms. Of the 11 mammalian PDE families (PDEs 1-11), PDE4, PDE7, and PDE8 are highly specific for cAMP and are termed the cAMP-specific PDEs (cA-PDEs). The PDE4s can be divided into long forms and short forms based on the length of their amino-terminal domains. Long forms contains two upstream conserved regions in their N-terminal regions (UCR1 and UCR2), and are separated by a short linker of ∼33 residues. The short forms lack a complete UCR1 subdomain, and some have truncated UCR2 subdomains. Binding of rolipram, a PDE4-selective inhibitor, to the catalytic domains of the long forms of PDE4s shows heterogeneous kinetics, and can be described by two affinity-states for the same site, classically called the high-affinity rolipram binding site (HARBS) and the low-affinity rolipram binding site (LARBS). The presence of the UCR1 also affects the potency of certain inhibitors, such as rolipram, since rolipram binds with substantially reduced affinity to isozymes lacking the UCR1 subdomain. The localization of PDE4Ds to Golgi/centrosomal structures is likely mediated by interaction of PDE4s with myomegalin. In skeletal muscle, myomegalin co-localizes with a PDE in a region where adenylyl cyclases, PKA, and A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) are also localized. A PDE4D3 is targeted to the centrosome or the perinuclear region through interaction with AKAP450 or mAKAP, two scaffold proteins that also bind PKA. PDE4A5 binds to SH3 domain containing proteins to localize in the plasma membrane.
COMPARISON OF RANGE OF MOTION, STRENGTH, AND HOP TEST PERFORMANCE OF DANCERS WITH AND WITHOUT A CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF FEMOROACETABULAR IMPINGEMENT.

Background Dancers commonly experience anterior hip pain caused by femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) that interrupts training and performance in dance. A paucity of literature exists to guide appropriate evaluation and management of FAI among dancers.
Making Visible the Invisible

This volume explores methods used by social scientists and human biologists to understand fundamental aspects of human experience. We are interested in phenomena experienced by individuals that are often “invisible” to one’s self or others. Some of these phenomena are intricately associated with cognitive processes so that social scientists must, in a sense, get into the heads of other people to understand how they experience the world. This involves verbal and nonverbal communication, or an examination of biological processes that underlie the cognitive activity involved with the experience. Other “invisible” phenomena are not usually associated with subjective experience but can be made visible to individuals through objective measures. Biological markers have taken on importance as tools for enhancing measurement and our understanding of the life experiences of others. This book is organized by stages of the human life span: beginnings, adulthood, and aging. We explore how we learn about particular kinds of experience—including pain, stress, activity levels, sleep quality, memory, and menopausal hot flashes—that have traditionally relied upon self-reports, but are subject to inter-individual differences in self-awareness or culture-based notions of what experiences to note or report. We also examine other ways in which normally “invisible” phenomena can be made visible, such as the caloric content of foods, blood pressure, early life experiences, growth, nutritional status, and bone health. The use of biological markers to understand human experience is one of the most difficult, exciting, and important areas of scientific research into the human condition.
Translational Correlation: Disorders of the Cerebellum

Cerebellar dysfunction manifests as disorder of coordination. “Ataxia” is used as an umbrella term for movement disorder symptoms seen with cerebellar dysfunction. It refers to stand, gait, truncal, and extremity ataxia. Extremity ataxia manifests as dysmetria and fragmentation of movements. Hereditary and acquired ataxias can be distinguished. Friedreich's ataxia, ataxia telangiectasia, and Refsum’s disease are the most important autosomal-recessive ataxias. The spinocerebellar ataxias form the most important group of autosomal-dominant ataxias and are numbered based on the causative gene defect. Cases of cerebellar degeneration due to paraneoplastic, infectious, or metabolic etiology form the group of symptomatic acquired ataxias.
Violence, Atonement, and Retributive Justice: Bonhoeffer as a Test Case

Recent soteriological discourse has worried that atonement theologies like satisfaction and penal substitution have potentially damaging effects like inoculating us to our violence, further buttressing retributive justice, and inducing passive acquiescence in the face of abuse. Though legitimate concerns in their own right, this essay investigates whether certain views on the atonement do in fact produce the issues of concern. By investigating the thought of Dietrich Bonhoeffer, who believed that God had to punish sin, this article will seek to identify the complex nuances in Bonhoeffer's work that would potentially safeguard against some of the concerns being raised about atonement theologies like his.
Variation of Nanostructures, Molecular Interactions, and Anisotropic Elastic Moduli of Lignocellulosic Cell Walls with Moisture

A combination of experimental, theoretical and numerical studies is used to investigate the variation of elastic moduli of lignocellulosic (bamboo) fiber cell walls with moisture content (MC). Our Nanoindentation results show that the longitudinal elastic modulus initially increased to a maximum value at about 3% MC and then decreased linearly with increasing MC. In contrast, the transverse moduli decrease linearly with MC. We showed that amorphous materials in cell walls have key roles in the variation of elastic modulus with increasing MC. Elastic modulus of lignin, calculated by molecular dynamics simulations, increases initially with increasing MC, and then decreases. In contrast, elastic modulus of hemicellulose decreases constantly with MC. Below 10% MC, water molecules tend to break hydrogen bonds between polymer chains and form new hydrogen bond bridges between the polymer chains, while above 10% MC, water molecules aggregate together and create nano-droplets inside the materials. During the process of bridging, the fractional free volume of lignin decreases. The free volume reduction along with formation of hydrogen bond bridges causes a growth in elastic modulus of lignin at low MC. The constant increase of hemicellulose free volume, however, causes the aggregation of voids in the system and diminution of elastic properties.
Nesting stage and distance to refuge influence terrestrial nesting behavior of Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta)

Theory predicts prey should flee to safety when the fitness benefits of flight meet or exceed the costs. Empirical work has shown the importance of predation risk (e.g., predator behavior, distance to refuge) to prey flight behavior. However, less is known about the influence of flight costs. We monitored nesting painted turtles (Chrysemys picta (Schneider, 1783)) to examine their response to a human observer (potential predator) depending on the distance between a turtle and an observer, distance between a turtle and water (i.e., refuge), and nesting stage at the time of the encounter (i.e., searching for a nest-site vs. constructing a nest). We found no evidence that the distance to an observer influenced flight decisions. However, turtles were less likely to flee as the distance to water increased, and turtles already constructing nests were more likely to continue nesting than those still searching for nest-sites. Turtles that traveled farther from water and that were constructing nests may have conti...
Adjustment-seeking behavior: The role of political skill and self-efficacy in training students to be more actively engaged in their studies:

Some students cope with the conflicting demands of work, family, health, and college by engaging in adjustment-seeking behavior, whereby students try to persuade instructors to make the kinds of pe...
Emerging trends in silicon carbide power electronics design

The emergence of wide bandgap power semiconductor devices has opened the possibilities of improved electrical performance and power density. Advanced research into wide bandgap power electronics also includes advances in integrated circuit design, semiconductor device modeling, 3D electronic packaging, and computer-aided design of wide bandgap based electronics. These emerging trends are described along with some early results indicating the additional improvements possible in power density. Operation at extreme temperatures also becomes more feasible.
The High-Production Volume Fungicide Pyraclostrobin Induces Triglyceride Accumulation Associated With Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Promotes Adipocyte Differentiation Independent of PPARγ Activation, in 3T3-L1 Cells

Pyraclostrobin is one of the most heavily used fungicides, and has been detected on a variety of produce, suggesting human exposure occurs regularly. Recently, pyraclostrobin exposure has been linked to a variety of toxic effects, including neurodegeneration and triglyceride (TG) accumulation. As pyraclostrobin inhibits electron transport chain complex III, and as mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with metabolic syndrome (cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, obesity), we designed experiments to test the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction underlies its adipogenic activity. 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated according to standard protocols in the presence of pyraclostrobin, resulting in TG accumulation. However, TG accumulation occurred without activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated nuclear receptor gamma (PPARγ), the canonical pathway mediating adipogenesis. Furthermore, cells failed to express many markers of adipogenesis (PPARγ, lpl, CEBPα), while co-exposure to pyraclostrobin and two different PPARγ antagonists (GW9662, T0070907) failed to mitigate TG accumulation, suggesting TG accumulation occurred through a PPARγ-independent mechanism. Instead, pyraclostrobin reduced steady-state ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential, basal mitochondrial respiration, ATP-linked respiration, and spare respiratory capacity, demonstrating mitochondrial dysfunction, while reduced expression of genes involved in glucose transport (Glut-4), glycolysis (Pkm, Pfkl, Pfkm), fatty acid oxidation (Cpt-1b), and lipogenesis (Fasn, Acacα, Acacβ) further suggested a disruption of metabolism. Finally, inhibition of cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB), a PPARγ coactivator, partially mitigated pyraclostrobin-induced TG accumulation, suggesting TG accumulation is occurring through a CREB-driven mechanism. In contrast, rosiglitazone, a known PPARγ agonist, induced TG accumulation in a PPARγ-dependent manner and enhanced mitochondrial function. Collectively, these results suggest pyraclostrobin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction inhibits lipid homeostasis, resulting in TG accumulation. Exposures that disrupt mitochondrial function may have the potential to contribute to the rising incidence of metabolic syndrome, and thus more research is needed to understand the human health impact of pyraclostrobin exposure.
Compositional variation effects on the microstructure and properties of a refractory high-entropy superalloy AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr

Abstract An AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr baseline alloy was shown earlier to have good high temperature strength but poor ductility below 600 °C due to coarse intermetallic grain boundary particles and a continuous ordered B2 matrix phase. Systematic composition changes intended to remove the deleterious microstructural features and to improve mechanical properties were explored in the present work. The baseline alloy and the new alloys studied here, AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr0.5, AlNbTa0.5TiZr0.5, Al0.5Mo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr and Al0.25NbTaTiZr, all had an ordered B2 matrix crystal structure. Additionally, coherent BCC nanoscale precipitates were present at a high volume fraction inside the B2 matrix grains in AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr, Al0.5Mo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr and Al0.25NbTaTiZr, and/or coarse, grain-boundary particles existed in AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr and AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr0.5. The mechanical properties were assessed with microhardness and compression testing at 25 °C and 1000 °C. Al0.5Mo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr showed the highest hardness (Hv = 6.4 GPa) and strength (σ0.2 = 2350 MPa) at 25 °C and modest strength (σ0.2 = 579 MPa) at 1000 °C. AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr0.5 had the highest strength (σ0.2 = 935 MPa) at 1000 °C, but was brittle at 25 °C. High-temperature deformation produced a desirable microstructure in Al0.5Mo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr and Al0.25NbTaTiZr alloys consisting of a continuous BCC phase and discontinuous B2 nano-precipitates. The relationships between the composition, microstructure, and properties were identified and discussed.
Evaluation of Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machines for Wikipedia

ABSTRACTWikipedia has become the de facto source for information on the web, and it has experienced exponential growth since its inception. Text Classification with Wikipedia has seen limited resea...
Pain intensity, depressive symptoms, and functional limitations among older adults with serious mental illness.

ABSTRACTObjective: To examine pain-related activity interference as a mediator for the relationship between pain intensity and depressive symptoms among older adults with serious mental illness (SMI).Method: Ordinary least-squares regressions were used to investigate the mediation analysis among older adults with SMI (n = 183) from community mental health centers. Analyses used secondary data from the HOPES intervention study.Results: Higher pain intensity was associated with greater pain-related activity interference. Higher pain intensity and pain-related activity interference were also associated with elevated depressive symptoms. Finally, greater pain-related activity interference significantly mediated the association between higher pain intensity and elevated depressive symptoms.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that pain and depressive symptoms may be linked to functional limitations. Clinicians and researchers in the mental health field should better address pain-related activity interferenc...
Frontiers of Macromolecular and Supramolecular Science symposia

Frontiers of Macromolecular and Supramolecular Science is the name given to a symposium series created in 2008, under the name Frontiers of Macromolecular Science, and continued under the new extended name. This symposium is based only on invited plenary speakers and is held under the auspices of the Romanian Academy of Science, to celebrate the life and achievements of Professor Christofor I. Simionescu, who was Director of the Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry in Iasi, Romania, for 30 years (1970–2000). During this time, Simionescu promoted intense research activity and advanced the field of organic and macromolecular chemistry over several domains including the chemistry of wood, cellulose materials and polysaccharides, the synthesis of new initiators, new monomers and polymerizations, mechano-chemistry of polymers, plasma-chemistry and origins of life, electro-initiated polymerizations, and macromolecular charge-transfer complexes (CTC). He developed the chemistry for the synthesis of acetylenic macromolecular compounds and derivatives with photoconductive properties, and elaborated the conduction theory in organic compounds. As the name of the series implies, the symposia have featured, from the outset, frontier science. Importantly, participating plenary speakers have included the leaders of macromolecular science from the USA, Europe, and Asia. The symposia, which are typically held in the Romanian Academy in Bucharest, as well as in the Romanian Academy's Petru Poni Institute in Iasi, provide a fitting and continuing tribute to Professor Christofor I. Simionescu, the founding father of Macromolecular Science in Romania.
Tacit Knowledge Awareness and Its Role in Improving the Decision-Making Process in International Negotiations

This chapter describes several constructs of tacit knowledge that underlie the negotiation process. These include the negotiators’ culture, their religion, their native language, and the epistemologies (ways of knowing) and cognitive heuristics (cognitive rules) they use. Universal human cognitive constructs, such as comparison and contrast, and the relative use of System 1 and System 2 in thinking processes are also discussed. Implications from these ideas for international negotiations are then described as well as the tentative framework of a training program for negotiators based on these constructs.
Roundoff-Free Number Fields for Interval Computations

Roundoff errors are inevitable if the exact result of some operation is not representable in a computer, and has, therefore, to be approximated. To avoid roundoff errors, it is hence necessary to choose a set of computer-representable numbers in such a way that the results of all basic operations will be still in this set. In this paper, we prove that if we include arithmetic operations and computing the interval range into this operations list, then the set F of numbers will be roundoff-free iff F is a real closed field; therefore, the smallest such set is the set of all real algebraic numbers (i.e., solutions of polynomial equations with rational coefficients).
cloud physics–prose or poetry?

A keynote talk given at the American Meteorological Society meeting at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 20th March 1967: some thoughts on trends in cloud physics and weather modification studies.
Classical and Bayesian random-effects meta-analysis models with sample quality weights in gene expression studies

Random-effects (RE) models are commonly applied to account for heterogeneity in effect sizes in gene expression meta-analysis. The degree of heterogeneity may differ due to inconsistencies in sample quality. High heterogeneity can arise in meta-analyses containing poor quality samples. We applied sample-quality weights to adjust the study heterogeneity in the DerSimonian and Laird (DSL) and two-step DSL (DSLR2) RE models and the Bayesian random-effects (BRE) models with unweighted and weighted data, Gibbs and Metropolis-Hasting (MH) sampling algorithms, weighted common effect, and weighted between-study variance. We evaluated the performance of the models through simulations and illustrated application of the methods using Alzheimer’s gene expression datasets. Sample quality adjusting within study variance (wP6) models provided an appropriate reduction of differentially expressed (DE) genes compared to other weighted functions in classical RE models. The BRE model with a uniform(0,1) prior was appropriate for detecting DE genes as compared to the models with other prior distributions. The precision of DE gene detection in the heterogeneous data was increased with the DSLR2wP6 weighted model compared to the DSLwP6 weighted model. Among the BRE weighted models, the wP6weighted- and unweighted-data models and both Gibbs- and MH-based models performed similarly. The wP6 weighted common-effect model performed similarly to the unweighted model in the homogeneous data, but performed worse in the heterogeneous data. The wP6weighted data were appropriate for detecting DE genes with high precision, while the wP6weighted between-study variance models were appropriate for detecting DE genes with high overall accuracy. Without the weight, when the number of genes in microarray increased, the DSLR2 performed stably, while the overall accuracy of the BRE model was reduced. When applying the weighted models in the Alzheimer’s gene expression data, the number of DE genes decreased in all metadata sets with the DSLR2wP6weighted and the wP6weighted between study variance models. Four hundred and forty-six DE genes identified by the wP6weighted between study variance model could be potentially down-regulated genes that may contribute to good classification of Alzheimer’s samples. The application of sample quality weights can increase precision and accuracy of the classical RE and BRE models; however, the performance of the models varied depending on data features, levels of sample quality, and adjustment of parameter estimates.
Space, an Arena Ripe for Disruptive Innovation

We are now a full 50 years since that momentous Moon landing in June of 1969. This chapter will turn our attention to the arena of space, space technologies, and space businesses, which are very different from cars, shipping containers, and smartphones.
The Aspergillus parasiticus polyketide synthase gene pksA, a homolog of Aspergillus nidulans wA, is required for aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis.

Aflatoxins comprise a group of polyketide-derived carcinogenic mycotoxins produced byAspergillus parasiticus andAspergillus flavus. By transformation with a disruption construct, pXX, we disrupted the aflatoxin pathway inA. parasiticus SRRC 2043, resulting in the inability of this strain to produce aflatoxin intermediates as well as a major yellow pigment in the transformants. The disruption was attributed to a single-crossover, homologous integration event between pXX and the recipientA. parasiticus genome at a specific locus, designatedpksA. Sequence analysis suggest thatpksA is a homolog of theAspergillus nidulans wA gene, a polyketide synthase gene involved in conidial wall pigment biosynthesis. The conservedβ-ketoacyl synthase, acyltransferase and acyl carrier-protein domains were present in the deduced amino acid sequence of thepksA product. Noβ-ketoacyl reductase and enoyl reductase domains were found, suggesting thatpksA does not encode catalytic activities for processingβ-carbon similar to those required for long chain fatty acid synthesis. ThepksA gene is located in the aflatoxin pathway gene cluster and is linked to thenor-1 gene, an aflatoxin pathway gene required for converting norsolorinic acid to averantin. These two genes are divergently transcribed from a 1.5 kb intergenic region. We propose thatpksA is a polyketide synthase gene required for the early steps of aflatoxin biosynthesis.
Becoming more egalitarian: A longitudinal examination of Mexican-origin adolescents’ gender role attitudes.

The current study examined the trajectory of gender role attitudes of 471 Mexican-origin adolescents (236 girls, 235 boys) from 5th grade (Mage = 10.86 years) to 11th grade (Mage = 16.75 years), investigating how situating identities (i.e., gender, nativity, SES), ethnic identity (i.e., ethnic pride), and familial context (i.e., parents' attitudes) contributed to adolescents' gender role attitudes across time. Participant interviews were conducted every other year, resulting in 4 waves of data. Most parents (96%) were Mexico natives, with an average immigration age of 18.16 years for fathers and 14.01 years for mothers. Results revealed linear and quadratic trends in gender attitude traditionality for all adolescents, characterized by a linear decline through age 16 years that leveled off through age 18 years. Although both girls and boys trended toward egalitarian gender role attitudes across adolescence, girls endorsed more egalitarian attitudes than did boys. Adolescents from higher-SES backgrounds endorsed more egalitarian attitudes than those from lower-SES backgrounds. Significant within-person effects of ethnic pride surfaced, such that children with higher levels of ethnic pride at any given time also reported more traditional gender role attitudes. Significant between-person effects of mothers' and fathers' attitudes were found, such that parents with more traditional gender role attitudes tended to have children with relatively more traditional gender role attitudes. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of studying gender development in conjunction with situating identities, cultural identities, and the broader context, particularly when children are embedded in multiple cultures with contrasting gender role expectations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus: Central Chemoreceptor and Regulator of Breathing Automaticity

The ventral surface of the rostral medulla oblongata has been suspected since the 1960s to harbor central respiratory chemoreceptors [i.e., acid-activated neurons that regulate breathing to maintain a constant arterial PCO2 (PaCO2)]. The key neurons, a.k.a. the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), have now been identified. In this review we describe their transcriptome, developmental lineage, and anatomical projections. We also review their contribution to CO2 homeostasis and to the regulation of breathing automaticity during sleep and wake. Finally, we discuss several mechanisms that contribute to the activation of RTN neurons by CO2 in vivo: cell-autonomous effects of protons; paracrine effects of pH mediated by surrounding astrocytes and blood vessels; and excitatory inputs from other CO2-responsive CNS neurons.