cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endometrial cancer surgery in Arizona: A statewide analysis of access to care

Abstract Objectives To investigate access to surgical care for endometrial cancer in Arizona. Methods The Arizona HealthQuery (AZHQ) data warehouse with claims information on over 7million patients in Arizona was searched using the International Classification of Disease (ICD-9) codes and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for endometrial cancer surgery from 2005 to 2008. Coordinates were gathered for patients and hospital to determine the distance traveled, race, insurance and annual caseload per hospital/surgeon were collected. Distance traveled was local ( Results There were 1532 endometrial cancer surgeries performed at 67 hospitals by 242 surgeons in 15 counties. Most (61%) were performed by high-volume surgeons. Approximately 1 in 5 (19%) of patients traveled greater than 50miles. Medicare insured patients were twice (OR=2.07, 95% CI=1.38–3.13) and Medicaid patients were three times (OR=3.41, 95% CI=1.89–6.15) as likely to travel over 50 miles. No significant difference was found between uninsured and privately insured patients (OR=0.87, 95% CI=0.45–1.68). Patients were more likely to travel to a high volume facility (OR 2.39, 95% CI=1.26–4.51). Hispanics (OR=2.72, 95% CI=1.72–4.32) and Native Americans (OR=8.60, 95% CI=3.43–21.52) were more likely to travel compared to Caucasians. Conclusion In Arizona significantly different patterns of care are seen for endometrial cancer surgery based upon insurance coverage, race, surgeon and hospital. Patients travel farther to a high-volume hospital and high-volume surgeon. Hispanics or Native Americans travel farther for care when compared with Caucasians. Patients on government funded insurance plans travel farther for care than patients covered by private insurance or those lacking insurance.
Paths to homophobia

This paper draws on in depth case studies of antigay/lesbian activism as well as on the sociological literature on racial prejudice to develop and operationalize the concepts of group position and stereotypes as mediating mechanisms which explain homophobia. Based on this analysis, this paper posits the importance of the continued promotion of antigay/lesbian stereotypes as well as a sense of group position that views heterosexuals as more capable than lesbians and gay men for understanding homophobia. This paper then develops scales to measure both group position and stereotypes. Next, drawing on a survey of police department employees, the paper illustrates the explanatory value of these concepts via path analysis. This paper argues that these mediating concepts clarify contradictory findings within the literature on homophobia and concludes with policy implications.
(-)-Deprenyl protection of 1-methyl-4 phenylpyridium ion (MPP+)-induced apoptosis independent of MAO-B inhibition

Selective loss of central dopaminergic neurons in vitro and in vivo can be initiated by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) through its metabolite phenylpyridium ion (MPP+). Such MPTP-mediated cytotoxicity can be blocked by (-)-Deprenyl, a monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitor, but the exact mechanisms of MPP(+)-induced cytotoxicity and (-)-Deprenyl's protection against such neurotoxicity are not fully understood. Using a hybrid clone MES 23.5, a dopaminergic cell line that does not contain MAO-B, we document that MPP+ induces apoptotic cell death. Application of (-)-Deprenyl at concentrations of 0.1-10 microM significantly reduces MPP(+)-induced apoptosis in MES 23.5 cells; (-)-Deprenyl at higher concentrations (> 100 microM) that completely inhibit MAO-B activity, however, induces apoptosis. Pretreatment with N-(2-aminoethyl)-p-chlorobenzamide (Ro 16-6491), a selective MAO-B inhibitor, does not protect MES 23.5 cells against MPP(+)-induced cell death. These results suggest that the protective action of (-)-Deprenyl against MPP+ neuro-toxicity in dopaminergic cell line may be independent of the inhibition of MAO-B.
High Magnetic Field Research

The use of high magnetic fields as a research tool for a wide variety of physical phenomena is clearly recognized today and the subject of an International Symposium at Cambridge this fall. Another important step in promoting research with the help of large magnetic fields has been the sponsorship of the M. I. T. National Magnet Laboratory by the Air Force. This paper will review the highlights of the conference which included papers on research in plasma physics, low temperatures, solid state and the latest developments for generating high magnetic fields. The plans and objectives of the National Magnet Laboratory and description of the physical facilities will be presented. In addition, a brief review will be given of a number of experiments already performed in the existing Magnet Laboratory at M. I. T.
EFFORT: Efficient and effective bot malware detection

To detect bots, a lot of detection approaches have been proposed at host or network level so far and both approaches have clear advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, we propose EFFORT, a new host-network cooperated detection framework attempting to overcome shortcomings of both approaches while still keeping both advantages, i.e., effectiveness and efficiency. Based on intrinsic characteristics of bots, we propose a multi-module approach to correlate information from different host- and network-level aspects and design a multi-layered architecture to efficiently coordinate modules to perform heavy monitoring only when necessary. We have implemented our proposed system and evaluated on real-world benign and malicious programs running on several diverse real-life office and home machines for several days. The final results show that our system can detect all 15 real-world bots (e.g., Waledac, Storm) with low false positives (0.68%) and with minimal overhead. We believe EFFORT raises a higher bar and this host-network cooperated design represents a timely effort and a right direction in the malware battle.
SU‐FF‐T‐299: Investigation of Near Surface Doses in Mesothelioma Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy

Purpose: To investigate the measured and computed near surfacedoses for intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) of mesothelioma. The near surfacedose value is important since in most cases the intent is to deliver about 90% of the prescribed dose to the surgical scar region. Material and Methods: Two planning CT scans (3mm slice thickness) of a humanoid Alderson phantom with 5 mm and 10 mm bolus placed on the thoracic region were acquired with our Philips CT scanner. At the time of CT, opaque markers are placed under bolus to designate 10 different locations throughout thoracic region for calculations and measurements. IMRT plans are generated using the Nucletron OTP treatment planning system. IMRT calculations are performed for a 3 mm × 3 mm calculation grid and inhomogeneity correction with pencil beam algorithm. Plans are delivered to the phantom with a Siemens Oncor linac.Doses are measured at each marked location under each bolus, mimicking depths of 5 mm and 10 mm, using a pair of LiF thermoluminescencedosimeters(TLD).Results: The average dose difference between the measured and calculated data at depth of 5 mm is 8.6% with percent differences ranging from 3.6% to 18.3%. For the points at 10 mm depth this average is about 2.7 % and the percent difference range is 0.1% to 4.7%. Conclusion: Our results indicate that dose calculated for mesothelomia IMRT cases at depth of 5mm show a larger uncertainty relative to the measurements than dose calculated at deeper depth of 10 mm for OTP. The measurements show good agreement at 10 mm depth; on average, results are within accuracy of the TLD measurements (within 3%). It is therefore important for patient treatment to carefully evaluate the near surfacedose (i.e.5 mm depth) via measurements.
Some Performance Issues in Multiprocessor System Design

Analytic and simulation models of memory interference have been reported in the literature. These models provide tools for analyzing various system architecture alternatives. Some of the design parameters are processor speed, memory speed, number of processors, number of memories, use of cache memories, high-order versus low-order interleaving, and memory allocation. This correspondence applies existing analytic and simulation models to the multiprocessor design space and presents guidelines for the multiprocessor system architect. Preferred design alternatives and tradeoffs are outlined.
999 SCREENING TESTS FOR ASYMPTOMATIC PYELONEPHRITIS IN CHILDREN WITH ILEAL CONDUIT URINARY DIVERSIONS

999 SCREENING TESTS FOR ASYMPTOMATIC PYELONEPHRITIS IN CHILDREN WITH ILEAL CONDUIT URINARY DIVERSIONS
Substrate Modification is a Better Predictor of Catheter Ablation Success in Atrial Fibrillation than Pulmonary Vein Isolation: An LGE-MRI Study:

Objectives: Outcomes of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) vary widely. We used late-gadolinium enhancement MRI (LGE-MRI) to examine the relationship of ablation-induced scarring in the pulmonary vein (PV) region and overall atrium to evaluate the role of PV encirclement and substrate modification in predicting outcome of catheter ablation in AF. Methods and Results: LGE-MRI was performed to quantify baseline atrial fibrosis, which was classified into four stages (stage I with fibrosis 10%. Recurrent AF was found in 60 patients (34.9%) over a follow-up of 346 ± 82 days. Baseline and high residual fibrosis were significant predictors of recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] of 2.2; P < 0.01 and HR of 3.2; P < 0.01, respectively). The number of PV encircled was not a significant predictor of recurrence. Conclusion: LGE-MRI of ablation-induced scarring demonstrates that chronic PV encirclement is rarely achieved. Procedural outcomes are better predicted by baseline atrial fibrosis and ablation-induced substrate modification.
Localised three-dimensional adaptive spatial-temporal processing for airborne radar

Radar space1–time adaptive processing (STAP) techniques have classically focused on azimuth–Doppler adaptivity while placing minimal emphasis on elevation. Elevation adaptivity offers significant clutter suppression improvement, allowing further suppression of interference sources having identical Doppler and azimuth as the expected target. Work is presented which incorporates elevation adaptivity using two approaches: a factored approach and a joint domain approach, both greatly improving clutter suppression performance. The proposed concepts are validated using results based on simulated range ambiguous airborne radar data. Target detection improvements on the order of 8 dB and 10 dB (as compared to standard 2D-JDL processing) are demonstrated for the factored and joint domain approaches, respectively, using an 8×8 nonuniform rectangular array.
In situ observations of temperature- and pressure-induced phase transitions in TiH2: Angle-dispersive and synchrotron energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction studies

Abstract We investigated the behavior of the structure of titanium hydride (TiH 2 ), an important compound in hydrogen storage research, at elevated temperatures (0–120 °C) and high pressures (1 bar–34 GPa). Temperature-induced changes of TiH 2 as indicated in the alteration of the ambient X-ray demonstrated a cubic to tetragonal phase transition occurring at about 17 °C. The main focus of this study was to identify any pressure-induced structural transformations, including possible phase transitions, in TiH 2 . Synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies were carried out in situ (diamond anvil cell) in a compression sequence up to 34 GPa and in subsequent decompression to ambient pressure. The pressure evolution of the diffraction patterns revealed a cubic (Fm-3m) to tetragonal (I4/mmm) phase transition at 2.2 GPa. The high-pressure phase persisted up to 34 GPa. After decompression to ambient conditions the observed phase transition was completely reversible. A Birch–Murnaghan fit of the unit cell volume as a function of pressure yielded a zero-pressure bulk modulus K 0 =146(14) GPa, and its pressure derivative K ′ 0 =6(1) for the high-pressure tetragonal phase of TiH 2 .
Outsource or in‐house facilities management: The pros and cons

The question of the merits of outsourcing facilities management remains relevant. This paper attempts to determine a clear distinction between out tasking and outsourcing, and then to provide a model to explain the advantages (pros) and disadvantages (cons) of this strategy by analysing the wants of both the client and supplier. Finally, it offers some guidance to assist with remedying the divergence identified.
Red cell island dances: switching hands.

In this issue of Blood , Toda et al present a shift in the paradigm of erythroid enucleation and provide novel tools to further study and optimize terminal erythroid maturation in vitro.[1][1] ![Figure][2] Model of interactions in erythroblastic islands. Erythroblasts bind macrophages via
Biosynthesis of amino acids from 3-(14C)-pyruvate in the fiddler crab Uca pugilator.

Abstract 1. 1. The time course of in vivo incorporation of 3-[ 14 C]-pyruvate into free and protein-bound amino acids was studied in the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator , over a 72 hr period. 2. 2. Label was detected in alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glutamine, proline, and possibly serine, indicating that these are nonessential for this species. 3. 3. Peaks in total label content and specific activities of free amino acids (FAA) ∗ were observed within 4 hr after injection, with highest labeling in alanine and glutamic acid; however, significant amounts of 14 C were still present in the FAA after 72 hr. 4. 4. Of the three types of tissues analyzed, muscle showed the lowest pyruvate incorporation into FAA and almost none into protein, whereas hepatopancreas and “carcass” (all remaining tissues) exhibited more rapid turnover of both protein and FAA. 5. 5. Acid hydrolysis of FAA fractions from carcass and hepatopancreas released large amounts of some amino acids, especially glutamate and aspartate, from other TCA-soluble materials. However, only glutamate contained appreciable radiocarbon. 6. 6. The label distribution patterns found in Uca are consistent with those of most other crustaceans which have been studied.
Accordion complication grading predicts short-term outcome after right colectomy.

Abstract Background The Accordion severity grading system is a novel system to score the severity of postoperative complications in a standardized fashion. This study aims to demonstrate the validity of the Accordion system in colorectal surgery by correlating severity grades with short-term outcomes after right colectomy for colon cancer. Methods This is a retrospective cohort review of patients who underwent right colectomy for cancer between January 1, 2002, and January 31, 2007, at a single tertiary care referral center. Complications were categorized according to the Accordion severity grading system: grades 1 (mild), 2 (moderate), 3–5 (severe), and 6 (death). Outcome measures were hospital stay, 30-d readmission rate and 1-y survival. Correlation between Accordion grades and outcome measures is reflected by Spearman rho (ρ). One-year survival was obtained per Kaplan-Meier method and compared by logrank test for trend. Significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results Overall, 235 patients underwent right colectomy for cancer of which 122 (51.9%) had complications. In total, 52 (43%) had an Accordion grade 1 complication; 44 (36%) grade 2; four (3%) grade 3; 11 (9%) grade 4; seven (6%) grade 5; and four (3%) grade 6. There was significant correlation between Accordion grades and hospital stay (ρ = 0.495, P P P = 0.02). Conclusions The Accordion grading system is a useful tool to estimate short-term outcomes after right colectomy for cancer. High-grade Accordion complications are associated with longer hospital stay and increased risk of readmission and mortality.
Piezoelectric isolation system for lightweight automotive seats

Active vibration isolation of automotive seats requires actuators that achieve millimeter-range displacements and forces on the order of 300 N. Recent developments in piezoceramic actuator technology provide a means for achieving these force and displacement levels in a compact device. This work demonstrates that prestressed, curved piezoceramic actuators achieve the force and displacement levels required for active isolation of automotive seats. An estimate of the force and displacement requirements are obtained from numerical simulations on a four-degree-of- freedom car and seat model that utilize representative road accelerations as inputs. An actuator that meets these specifications is designed using piezoceramic materials. Free displacement of 4.4 mm and blocked force greater than 300 N are measured. The actuator is integrated within a dead mass setup that simulates the isolation characteristics of an automotive seat. Control experiments demonstrate that active vibration is achievable with realistic road disturbances. Feedback control is able to eliminate any amplification due to mechanical resonance and reduce the isolation frequency from 9.5 Hz to 2 Hz.
COHERENT PRODUCTION OF THE Q AND L MESONS OFF DEUTERIUM.

Abundant production of the established $L$ meson and also of the possible $Q$ meson are observed in coherent production, ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}d$, at 12.6 BeV/c. This is the first observation of $L$-meson production on nuclei. The $Q$ and $L$ isospins are unambiguously determined to be \textonehalf{}. The $L$ is observed to be produced polarized. A striking resemblance between the final states ${K}^{*}(890)\ensuremath{\pi}d$ and ${K}^{*}(1400)\ensuremath{\pi}d$ is observed with these final states being related to the $Q$ and $L$ mesons, respectively.
Asymptotic optimality of generalized CL, cross-validation, and generalized cross-validation in regression with heteroskedastic errors

Abstract The problem considered here is that of using a data-driven procedure to select a good estimate from a class of linear estimates indexed by a discrete parameter. In contrast to other papers on this subject, we consider models with heteroskedastic errors. The results apply to model selection problems in linear regression and to nonparametric regression estimation via series estimators, nearest-neighbor estimators, and local regression estimators, among others. Generalized C L ( GC L ), cross-validation ( CV ), and generalized cross-validation ( GCV ) procedures are analyzed. The GC L and CV criteria are shown to be asymptotically optimal under general conditions. A feasible version of GC L , however, is available only in some applications. The GCV criterion is found to be asymptotically optimal only under a condition that is satisfied in some applications but not in others. For example, it is satisfied in the nearest-neighbor estimation context but not in the series estimation, local regression estimation, or model selection contexts. Thus, the CV criterion is the only feasible criterion of the three that is asymptotically optimal under general conditions. The proofs rely heavily on results of Li (1987).
The transtheoretical model as applied to dietary behaviour and outcomes

The transtheoretical model (TTM) is a behavioural theory that describes behaviour change as occurring in five stages, ranging from precontemplation to maintenance. The purpose of the present paper is to review and synthesise the literature published since 1999 on applications of the TTM to dietary behaviour so that the evidence for the use of assessment tools and interventions based on this model might be evaluated. Six databases were identified and searched using combinations of key words. Sixty-five original, peer-reviewed studies were identified and summarised in one of three tables using the following categories: population (n 21), intervention (n 25) and validation (n 19). Internal validity ratings were given to each intervention, and the body of intervention studies as a whole was rated. The evidence for using stage-based interventions is rated as suggestive in the areas of fruit and vegetable consumption and dietary fat reduction. Valid and reliable staging algorithms are available for fruit and vegetable consumption and dietary fat intake, and are being developed for other dietary behaviours. Few assessment tools have been developed for other TTM constructs. Given the popularity of TTM-based assessments and interventions, more research is warranted to identify valid and reliable assessment tools and effective interventions. While the evidence supports the validity of the TTM to describe populations and to form interventions, evidence of the effectiveness of TTM-based interventions is not conclusive.
Comparison of Multi-Drug Resistant Environmental Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Recreational Beaches and High Touch Surfaces in Built Environments

Over the last decade community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] has emerged as a major cause of disease in the general population with no health care exposure or known classical risk factors for MRSA infections. The potential community reservoirs have not been well defined though certain strains such as ST398 and USA300 have been well studied in some settings. MRSA has been isolated from recreational beaches, high-touch surfaces in homes, universities and other community environmental surfaces. However, in most cases the strains were not characterized to determine if they are related to community-acquired or hospital-acquired clinical strains. We compared 55 environmental MRSA from 805 samples including sand, fresh and marine water samples from local marine and fresh water recreational beaches (n=296), high touch surfaces on the University of Washington campus (n=294), surfaces in UW undergraduate housing (n=85), and the local community (n=130). Eleven USA300, representing 20% of the isolates, were found on the UW campus surfaces, student housing surfaces and on the community surfaces but not in the recreational beach samples from the Northwest USA. Similarly, the predominant animal ST133 was found in the recreational beach samples but not in the high touch surface samples. All USA300 isolates were multi-drug resistant carrying 2-6 different antibiotic resistance genes coding for kanamycin, macrolides and/or macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramin B and tetracycline, with the majority [72%] carrying 4-6 different antibiotic resistance genes. A surprising 98% of the 55 MRSA isolates were resistant to other classes of antibiotics and most likely represent reservoirs for these genes in the environment.
Particle production results from helios

The availability of ultrarelativistic heavy ion beams at CERN and Brookhaven allows investigation of the physical properties of a state of high energy density in nuclear matter. The interest is driven by the expectation that confinement of the partons in a hadron cannot survive when the density of hadrons is large compared to the density inside ordinary hadrons. This prospect is supported by QCD calculations, and collisions between heavy nuclei at ultrarelativistic energies are predicted to provide the energy densities required for deconfinement (greater than 2–3 GeV/fm3). Among the goals of the first experiments are investigation of the energy density and spatial extent of the highly excited central rapidity region to address whether the necessary conditions have been satisfied, and a closer examination of events with large amounts of energy deposited in the target. The HELIOS (High Energy Lepton and Ion Spectrometer) experiment therefore combines 4π calorimetric coverage with measurement of charged par...
Basidiocarp formation in Asterophora lycoperdoides

(1991). Basidiocarp Formation in Asterophora Lycoperdoides. Mycologia: Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 220-223.
Laboratory graphitization of a modern estuarine kerogen

Abstract A progressively better-developed, graphite-like atomic arrangement was established in a modern kerogen in response to increased thermal conditions. X-ray diffraction patterns show that major changes have taken place after heating 50 hr at 300°C and successively higher temperatures enhance the degree of crystallinity.
Interactive multi-scale visualizations of tonal evolution in MuSA.RT Opus 2

The purpose of this article is to describe MuSA.RT Opus 2, an interactive system for tonal visualization of music at multiple scales, and to present examples of the types of musical features and attributes that can be abstracted and visualized by the system. MuSA.RT aims to create an environment by which musical performances can be mapped in real-time to a concrete and visual metaphor for tonal space, wherein we can see the establishment and evolution of the tonal context. In this environment, expert musicians will be able to see the tonal structures of what they play, initiated listeners will be able to visually follow the structures that they hear, and novices can learn to hear the structures that they see. MuSA.RT is both an interactive art installation that can convert musical performances to mathematically elegant graphics and a scientific tool for visualizing the inner workings of tonal induction and tracking algorithms. In this article we describe the mapping strategies for transforming a MIDI stream into tonal structures in 3D space, and our solution for overcoming the challenge of real-time concurrent processing of data streams; we will also give examples and present case studies of visual mappings of music by Pachelbel, Bach, and Barber.
On the obliquity and tidal heating of Triton

Abstract Alone of all the major Solar System satellites, Triton may have an obliquity near 100°. Such an obliquity could result in significant tidal heating of the satellite and will eventually lead to damping of its orbital inclination to 180°.
Circadian regulation of bird song, call, and locomotor behavior by pineal melatonin in the zebra finch.

As both a photoreceptor and pacemaker in the avian circadian clock system, the pineal gland is crucial for maintaining and synchronizing overt circadian rhythms in processes such as locomotor activ...
Short-term continuous-flow ventricular assist devices.

Purpose of reviewTo provide a comprehensive update on the current state of short-term, continuous-flow ventricular assist devices (CF-VADs) in the treatment of refractory cardiogenic shock in Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) 1 patients.Recent findingsThe
GERIATRIC CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE WORKPLACE: UTILIZING INTERACTIVE TELEVISION (ITV) TECHNOLOGY IN THEORY AND IN PRACTICE

Interactive television (ITV) technology provides an excellent resource for offering continuing education programs for geriatrics service providers and faculty. During 2000-2002, the Ohio Valley Appalachia Regional Geriatric Education Center (OVAR/GEC) at the University of Kentucky provided two series of 40-hour geriatrics continuing education programs for professionals working in community mental health/mental retardation centers across Kentucky. This article describes the process for developing and conducting successful ITV distance learning courses and identifies the strengths and challenges of the interactive television medium, utilizing Moore's (1973, 1993) Theory of Transactional Distance as a conceptual framework in the analysis of this case example. Recommendations are offered for replication and future utilization involving ITV technology for delivering continuing education in the workplace.
The role of area-level influences on prostate cancer grade and stage at diagnosis

Abstract Background. This research explores area-level social influences on prostate cancer, to test whether area-level influences explain disparities in U.S. prostate cancer burden. Methods. The authors geocoded 23,993 1992–1997 Maryland prostate cancer cases, and linked cases to 1990 census data. The authors examined the effect of 17 area-level social variables, measured at block group, tract, and county, modeling individual and multilevel predictors of later stage and higher tumor grade. Results. Younger age, black race, higher grade or ungraded tumors, and earlier year of diagnosis were associated with later stage. Block group percentage of white-collar workers (O.R. = 0.93, 95% C.I. = 0.89, 0.98), and county resources (O.R. = 0.94, 95% C.I. = 0.89, 0.98), were protective of later stage. Older age, black race, and earlier year of diagnosis were associated with higher grade. Block group income was protective for white men (O.R. = 0.92, 95% C.I. = 0.87, 0.96), but for all men, county resources increased risk of higher grade (O.R. = 1.23, 95% C.I. = 1.16, 1.31). Conclusions. Social resources did not significantly reduce racial differences. Results suggest tumor biology is related to relative resources, with better outcomes associated with greater small-area wealth in low-resource counties, but stage at diagnosis is associated with absolute resources, with better outcomes associated with higher small-area social class in high-resource counties.
Evaluation of interactions in a factorial greenhouse experiment with corn grown with combinations of N, P, K and S fertilizers

Abstract In an experiment reported in the literature, factorial combinations of N, P, K and S were applied at one level of each to corn plants (Zea mays L.) grown in a greenhouse in pots of soil. The relative yields for 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the inputs simultaneously as averages were 1.00, 1.36, 1.54, 1.87 and 3.04. The predicted relative yields according to sequential additivity were 1.00, 1.36, 1.83, 2.48 and 3.31. Various interactions contributed to the differences between observed and calculated yields. Antagonisms were indicated because additions of one or more of the nutrients decreased plant concentrations of nutrients not added. There is little indication of sequentially additive responses because of the antagonisms and the fact that all four nutrients involved were well below respective critical levels in the control which would lead to synergism for their correction. The last incremental addition whether it was N, P, K or S each resulted in the major portion of the total yield increase when all fo...
Silent infarcts in young children with sickle cell disease

Silent infarcts have been reported most commonly in school-aged children with homozygous sickle cell disease (SCD-SS) and are associated with neurocognitive deficits. However, the prevalence of silent infarcts in younger children with SCD-SS is not well defined. In this retrospective study, brain magnetic resonance imaging and angiography (MRI/A) studies performed before six years of age in a cohort of children with SCD-SS were analyzed and the prevalence of abnormalities was calculated. Clinical and laboratory parameters were compared between the groups with and without silent infarcts. Sixty-eight of 96 children in the cohort had brain MRI/A performed prior to age 6 years. Of the 65 who were neurologically asymptomatic, 18 (27.7%, 95% confidence interval 17.3 – 40.2%) had silent infarcts (mean age 3.7 ± 1.1 years, range 1.3 – 5.9 years). Factors associated with silent infarcts included cerebral vessel stensosis by magnetic resonance angiography, lower rates of vaso-occlusive pain and acute chest syndrome, and lower hemoglobin levels. The prevalence of silent infarcts in young children with SCD-SS is similar to that of older children and anemia and severe vasculopathy may be risk factors.
REPORT FORMAT AND THE DECISION MAKER'S TASK: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION.

Abstract This paper describes an experiment investigating whether the most appropriate report format is a function of the information needed by the decision maker. The latter is a task characteristic which can be described in terms of the question to be answered with an information presentation. Thirty MBA students were asked to answer a set of questions with financial information presented in four forms: line graph, bar chart, pie chart, and table. The results indicate that the question to be answered and the forms of presentation interactively effect performance, and that no one form of presentation is best in all situations.
Shipping of Penaeid Broodstock: Water Quality Limitations and Control During 24 Hour Shipments

Shipping trials were conducted with adult Penaeus setiferus to determine the effect of 24 hour closed shipments on water quality, to evaluate methods of reducing water quality deterioration and to maximize packing density (biomass). Other trials were undertaken with juvenile P. setiferus and adult P. vannamei for comparison. The method utilized 8 L seawater chilled to 18–19 C, inside doubled polyethylene bags held in a Styrofoam box (42 × 42 × 23 cm deep). Gaseous O2 was injected into the water to 8 ppm (for standardization) and into the space above the water. Super-saturation of dissolved oxygen (>20 ppm for 24 hours) had no adverse effect on survival. Initial trials resulted in increased ammonia (from 0.1 to 4–6 ppm NH4-N), increased carbon dioxide (from <2 to 80–100 ppm), increased temperature (from 18–19 to 25–26 C) and decreased pH (from 8.0 to 6.0–6.4). Increases in shipping density (number or biomass of shrimp per L seawater) further intensified water quality deterioration. Carbon dioxide (with concomitant pH decline) is implicated as the major limiting factor during 24 hour closed shipment. Ammonia accumulation was reduced or totally eliminated with addition of AmQuelΘ (Kordon, Inc, Hayward, California),2 depending on the dosage used. The buffer, Trizma® 8.3 (Sigma Chemical Co, St. Louis, Missouri),2 limited CO2 buildup and reduced pH decline. Maintenance of low temperature over 24 hours was enhanced with addition of a frozen cold pack placed over the shipping bags. However, the control of ammonia, pH and carbon dioxide by the addition of AmQuel and Trizma did not increase survival, possibly due to toxic effects of the chemicals.
Biosynthesis of Strophanthus cardenolides from progesterone

Abstract After the administration of progesterone-4- 14 C to Strophanthus kombe plants, the cardenolides periplogenin, strophanthidin, and strophanthidol were isolated and found to be radioactive.
Mercury and antimony chalcohalide semiconductors as new candidates for radiation detection applications at room temperature

We demonstrate that mercury and antimony compounds with chalcogens (Q = S, Se, Te) and halogens (X = I, Cl, Br) can be a promising family for radiation detection materials. Chalcogen p-orbitals are usually located near the Fermi level and they are responsible for relative high mobilities but at the same time band gap decreases (from S to Te) due to their extended interactions. Halogens on the other hand have their bands well below the Fermi level and salts between transition metals and halogen are usually insulators. Incorporation of halogen atoms in a mercury or antimony chalcogenide framework can give rise to intermediate properties between the two end members (HgQ and HgX2), i.e. structures composed of heavy elements (Z < 40), wide band gap (1.6 - 2.5 eV), and high carrier mobilities. As a proof of concept, we will present two new chalcohalide families, Hg3Q2X2 and SbQX. Crystal growth of the Hg3Te2Br2 phase (7.8 g/cm3 and 2.5 eV) by a vapor transport method gave mm-sized single crystals with electrical resistivity values more in the GΩ.cm range. Preliminary data for mobility-lifetime products for both electron and hole carriers were around 10-5 cm2/V. SbSeI (5.8 g/cm3 and 1.7 eV) sample grown by relatively fast Bridgman technique showed an MΩ.cm range (2.8 x 106 Ω.cm) resistivity with a similar order of magnitude (10-4 cm2/V) of mobility-lifetime products for both electron and hole carriers.
Four-site crystal model for an intermediate-valence system

Abstract A model for an intermediate valence four-site tetrahedral crystal, the smallest face-centered cubic crystal, is presented. It consists of one electron and four spin-orbitals per atom and a variety of interactions. Many-body eigenstates and eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian are calculated exactly with the aid of the symmetry of the crystal.
Brain Health Knowledge in Assisted Living: Establishing Baseline Information for Interventions to Promote Adaptation and Successful Aging

Aging and its effects on a person’s quality of life are a growing concern for older adult Americans and their caregivers. Recent studies have shown links between certain lifestyle behaviors and lessened cognitive decline; however, there is insufficient information about how much actual knowledge the older adult population has with regard to maintaining maximum brain health as they age. This lack of information is even more profound when it comes to those older adults residing in assisted living communities. Little research evidence exists exploring how assisted living residents view brain health and what relationship exists between their brain health knowledge and other variables. This study examined brain health knowledge among residents of assisted living communities (ALCs) in North Carolina. Findings revealed significantly higher brain health knowledge in Whites compared to Blacks. Implications for practice indicate a need for providers to be aware of gaps in brain health knowledge of older Black Ameri...
The Effect of Timing of Rehabilitation Procedures on the Establishment of a Jarrah Forest After Bauxite Mining

The restoration of the high botanical diversity of the premining jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest is a major priority of rehabilitation following bauxite mining in southwestern Australia. This study investigated the effects of different ripping, seeding, and scarifying dates on the establishment of plants from propagules stored in the topsoil and from applied seed on areas being rehabilitated after mining. Seed stored in the topsoil, rather than applied seed, was the major contributor to plant diversity. Ripping late (April) or scarifying in June significantly reduced the number of species and numbers of individual plants that established from propagules in the topsoil. Species originating from broadcast seed were most numerous when the seed was broadcast in April or after scarifying in June. Scarifying before seeding, particularly in June, increased the establishment of species from the broadcast seed. To make best use of the applied seed, without jeopardizing the establishment of species from the topsoil, pits should be ripped and sown by April. We list a number of strategies that can help maximize plant numbers and botanical diversity on rehabilitated bauxite mines, which may also be of more general application for restoring the original native vegetation on disturbed sites.
Stability, bifurcation, and softening in discrete systems: A conceptual approach for granular materials

Matrix stiffness expressions are derived for the particle movements in an assembly of rigid granules having compliant contacts. The derivations include stiffness terms that arise from the particle shapes at their contacts. These geometric stiffness terms may become significant during granular failure. The geometric stiffness must be added to the mechanical stiffnesses of the contacts to produce the complete stiffness. With frictional contacts, this stiffness expression is incrementally nonlinear, having multiple loading branches. To aid the study of material behavior, a modified stiffness is derived for isolated granular clusters that are considered detached from the rest of a granular body. Criteria are presented for bifurcation, instability, and softening of such isolated and discrete granular sub-regions. Examples show that instability and softening can result entirely from the geometric terms in the matrix stiffness.
Virtual platform architectures for resource metering in datacenters

With cloud and utility computing models gaining significant momentum, data centers are increasingly employing virtualization and consolidation as a means to support a large number of disparate applications running simultaneously on a CMP server. In such environments, it is important to meter the usage of resources by each datacenter application so that customers can be charged accordingly. In this paper, we describe a simple metering and chargeback model (pay-as-you-go) and describe a solution based on virtual platform architectures (VPA) to accurately meter visible as well as transparent resources.
Basolateral amygdala and the regulation of fear-conditioned changes in sleep: role of corticotropin-releasing factor

Study objective To determine whether corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) modulated sleep and fear-conditioned alterations in sleep. Design After 2 days of habituation to recording procedures, baseline sleep recordings were obtained. The animals were then habituated to the handling procedure necessary for microinjections over 2 consecutive days. In experiment 1, rats received microinjections of 0.5 μL antalarmin (1.61 or 4.82 mM), a CRF receptor 1 antagonist, or distilled water once a week for 3 wk. In experiment 2, rats received a microinjection of either antalarmin or vehicle prior to inescapable shock training (ST; 20 shocks; 0.8 mA, 0.5 sec; 1 min interstimulus interval). The animals were placed back in the context 7 days later for 30 min without shock (CR; context re-exposure). Sleep was recorded for 8 h after each manipulation. Setting NA. Subjects Outbred Wistar rats. Interventions The rats were surgically implanted with electrodes for recording the electroencephalogram and electromyogram for determining arousal state and with bilateral guide cannulae directed at BLA. Measurements and results Antalarmin microinjected into BLA did not significantly alter sleep under undisturbed conditions. However, antalarmin microinjected bilaterally into BLA prior to ST blocked reductions in rapid eye movement sleep that ST normally produces. Further, the single microinjection prior to ST blocked the reduction in rapid eye movement typically seen after subsequent CR. Behavioral freezing, an indicator of fear memory, was not altered. Conclusions CRF in BLA is involved in regulating stress-induced alterations in sleep and it plays a role in modulating how stressful memories influence sleep.
The complementary self: Multiple perspectives on the aging person

Abstract The notion of self in older age has been extensively explored from a variety of disciplines. Using personal narratives, researchers have attempted to identify key features of the articulated self in later life. However, often missing from discussions of the self is a deeper exploration of old age as it is culturally constructed, narrated and interpreted in Western society. Narrative form and overriding cultural ideals often shape what is presented, leaving one to ask whether narratives on aging are more about the cultural identities of the elderly rather than the aging self. This article readdresses the idea of a complex interplay between an active though often unarticulated “complementary” self in tandem with the externally presented self.
Modeling security attacks with statecharts

Software security is becoming a key quality concern as software applications are increasingly being used in untrustworthy computing environments such as the internet. Software is designed with the mindset of its functionalities and cost, where the focus is on the operational behavior while security concerns are neglected or marginally considered. As a result, software engineers build the software while lacking the knowledge about security and its effect on the system. This paper presents an approach for modeling the behavior of security threats using statecharts. The proposed approach introduces modular design for representing threats through the use of components and reusability. Through the focus on the behavior of an attack, software engineers can clearly define and understand security concerns as the application is being designed and developed. In addition, modeling security threats with statecharts makes it convenient to build a consistent semantic link between functional behaviors and security concerns.
Nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment of patients with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) constitute a strong risk factor for developing coronary heart disease. This risk can be decreased by even slight improvements in HDL-C levels. This review discussess both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments of patients with low levels of HDL-C, including lifestyle modifications and the benefits of oral estrogens, niacin, fibrates, statins, and combination drug therapy.
Phenotypic Effects of Heterozygous, X-ray-Induced Mutations in Drosophila

Heterozygous mutations produced by 3000 r delay pupation in about 9 percent of larvae of Drosophila melanogaster under nutritional stress and kill approximately 6 percent. The effects are less, though appreciable, when there is excess nutrient; no effects are detectable after oogonia are irradiated. Irradiated sperm and oocytes cause detriment, partly via different types of mutations, in approximately equal amounts.
An Examination of Household Labor Time as a Factor in Composition and Treatment Effects on the Male-Female Wage Gap

Abstract This article examines the effects of time spent on household labor on the earnings of women and men. Using 1981 data from a sample of families, we assess the effects of women's greater household labor time on their earnings after controlling for other characteristics. After isolating the amount in earnings explained by differences in the characteristics of men and women (excluding time spent in household labor), we find that time spent on household labor can explain only a small part of the total gender gap in earnings but is more important than any other single characteristic in explaining this difference.
Hepatic Capsular Avulsion After Video-Assisted Thoracic Biopsy of the Lung

We report a life-threatening subcapsular hepatic hemorrhage after VATS, successfully treated with Gelfoam embolization of the right hepatic artery. The postprocedure course was complicated by infarction of the right hepatic lobe.
Relativistic norm-conserving pseudopotential

We show that a new pseudopotential recently introduced by Hamann, Schl\"uter, and Chiang can easily be extended to include all relativistic corrections to order ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2}$ (not ${Z}^{2}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2}$).
The Art of the Philosophy of Art

The philosophy of art does not tell anyone how to be an artist. Nor even how to be an appreciator. It does attempt to describe something of the relations with them which every work of art has. For as it happens the philosophy of art is an art, not a science; and not one of the fine arts, either, but only a technique for estimating what is retained, what is assumed, what is implied, what is ahead, in the way of methodological considerations.
Inelastic scattering of tritons and protons from 210Pb

Abstract A search for collective states in 210 Pb has been conducted utilizing inelastic scattering of 20 MeV tritons and 20.5 MeV protons. In the triton scattering, cross sections were obtained for levels at 0.795, 1.87 and 2.83 MeV. The 0.795 level is a known 2 + level. It is excited with a cross section of one-half of that observed for the first 2 + level of 206 Pb under identical conditions. The two other states are assigned as 3 − states. The cross sections obtained for these two levels are approximately 2 3 and case1 3 of the cross section found in the (t, t′) reaction for the first 3 − state of 208 Pb. In the proton scattering, the above results are confirmed and several other levels observed. The results are compared with DWBA calculations.