cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RRR‐α‐tocopheryl succinate induction of prolonged activation of c‐jun amino‐terminal kinase and c‐jun during induction of apoptosis in human MDA‐MB‐435 breast cancer cells

We have demonstrated that RRR-α-tocopheryl succinate (10 μg/mL vitamin E succinate (VES) treatment of estrogen receptor–negative MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer cells induces 9, 19, 51, and 72% apoptotic cells on days 1–4, respectively, after treatment, which involves transforming growth factor-β signaling. Here, we show that VES-triggered apoptosis of MDA-MB-435 cells induced prolonged elevated expression of c-jun mRNA and protein (neither of which was caused by major increases in stability) and also induced enhanced activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding to the consensus DNA oligomer. Furthermore, VES treatments resulted in increased AP-1 transactivation activity, as measured with an AP-1 promoter/luciferase reporter construct and by the measurement of increased mRNA expression of the AP-1–dependent endogenous gene collagenase. Evidence of VES-induced involvement of the c-jun amino-terminal kinase in these AP-1–dependent events was suggested by data showing prolonged activity of this kinase, as measured by a kinase assay using glutathione S-transferase–c-jun as the substrate. The c-jun–dependent transcriptional activity was verified by cotransfection of a chimeric transcription factor having a galactose 4 DNA-binding domain coupled with the transactivation domain of c-jun plus the reporter plasmid 5X GAL4-luciferase. MDA-MB-435 cells infected with an adenovirus expression vector containing the TAM-67 sequence for dominant/negative-acting mutant c-jun or transiently transfected with c-jun antisense exhibited a 50–77% reduction in VES-mediated apoptosis as compared with control adenovirus-infected or control sense oligomer–transfected cells. Mol. Carcinog. 22:247–257, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Suicide and the menstrual cycle: A review

Abstract The available literature on the relationship between phase of the menstrual cycle and suicidal behavior was reviewed. The methodological problems were discussed. Further, more rigorous studies seem desirable.
SU‐E‐J‐188: Deconvolution of Free‐Breathing Y90 PET Images for the Calculation of Y90 Dose Distribution for Radioembolization of Liver Cancer

Purpose: Recent progress in the use of post treatment Y90 PET (post‐PET) imaging has made possible to quantitatively analyze the delivered tumor dose distribution for radioembolization of liver cancer with Y90 microspheres. Patient breathing may affect the calculated dose in clinically meaningful ways. The purpose of this work is to present a method to deconvolve post‐PET to obtain dose and to validate the results. Methods: Eleven patients were chosen for this retrospective study. Patient breathing patterns were obtained from fluoroscopy images acquired during treatment. The probability density functions that characterized the breathing patterns in the superior‐posterior direction were developed and used to deconvolute the post‐PET to generate the deconvoluted PET images (dec‐PET), which minimizes the breath motion effect into dose calculation. The Van‐Cittert algorithm was used for the deconvolution. To validate our method, we re‐convolved the dec‐PET with the same breathing kernel to generate post‐PET‐Ver. The delivered Y90 dose distributions were calculated with these three PET images using a previously published dose kernel. Selected isodose lines and dose volume histograms were analyzed. In particular, the dose to 95% volume encompassing 120 Gy isodose line from the post‐PET for the three sets of PET images, D95,pet were compared. Results: The motion amplitude in the superior/inferior direction for all the patients was 0.62–2.0 cm. The DVHs for the dec‐PET dose deviated significantly from the DVHs of the post‐PET dose whereas the DVHs from the dec‐PET ‐ ver nearly overlapped with the DVHs of post‐PET dose. For the 120 Gy dose line from the post‐PET, D95,dec/D95,post was 0.89 ±0.08, D95,post2/D95,post was 0.98±0.01 Conclusion: We demonstrated that the deconvolution was reversible and we can use this method to remove breathing motion effect. Using this deconvolution algorithm, Y90 dose can be accurately calculated from deconvoluted post‐PET with the breathing motion effect minimized.
The influence of task and personality characteristics on employee turnover and absenteeism incidents.

The article presents a study which examined the influence of task and personality characteristics on employee turnover and absenteeism incidents. The subjects of the study were 569 employees workin...
The Caenorhabditis elegans aryl hydrocarbon receptor, AHR-1, regulates neuronal development.

Abstract The mammalian aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the toxic effects of dioxins and related compounds. Dioxins have been shown to cause a range of neurological defects, but the role of AHR during normal neuronal development is not known. Here we investigate the developmental functions of ahr-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans aryl hydrocarbon receptor homolog. We show that ahr-1:GFP is expressed in a subset of neurons, and we demonstrate that animals lacking ahr-1 function have specific defects in neuronal differentiation, as evidenced by changes in gene expression, aberrant cell migration, axon branching, or supernumerary neuronal processes. In ahr-1-deficient animals, the touch receptor neuron AVM and its sister cell, the interneuron SDQR, exhibit cell and axonal migration defects. We show that dorsal migration of SDQR is mediated by UNC-6/Netrin, SAX-3/Robo, and UNC-129/TGFβ, and this process requires the functions of both ahr-1 and its transcription factor dimerization partner aha-1. We also document a role for ahr-1 during the differentiation of the neurons that contact the pseudocoelomic fluid. In ahr-1-deficient animals, these neurons are born but they do not express the cell-type-specific markers gcy-32:GFP and npr-1:GFP at appropriate levels. Additionally, we show that ahr-1 expression is regulated by the UNC-86 transcription factor. We propose that the AHR-1 transcriptional complex acts in combination with other intrinsic and extracellular factors to direct the differentiation of distinct neuronal subtypes. These data, when considered with the neurotoxic effects of AHR-activating pollutants, support the hypothesis that AHR has an evolutionarily conserved role in neuronal development.
An improved SDS-PAGE method for the analysis of wheat endosperm storage proteins.

An improved one-dimensional, one-step SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) technique was developed for the analysis of wheat endosperm storage proteins (glutenins and gliadins). SDS-PAGE then was used to re-evaluate the glutenin and gliadin composition of intervarietal chromosomal substitution lines of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Glutenins and gliadins were extracted from reciprocal substitution lines involving group 1 and group 6 chromosomes of the cultivars ‘Cheyenne’ and ‘Wichita’. Molecular-weight estimates were made for all proteins unique to each cultivar. Variation among lines was found to be greater for group 1 chromosome-encoded proteins, especially gliadins and low-molecular-weight subunits of glutenin, than for group 6 chromosome-encoded proteins. Both highmolecular-weight and putative low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits were found to be slightly soluble in aqueous ethanol solutions. Substituted chromosomes of the cultivars Cheyenne and Wichita produced simultaneous changes in polypeptide composition of both gliadin and glutenin fractions of the recipient cultivars. Thus, correlations between end-use quality changes (associated with substituted chromosomes) and endosperm storage proteins are reliable only when proteins of both gliadin and glutenin fractions are analyzed.
Residual and Topical Toxicity of Certain Insecticides to Laboratory-Reared Face Flies

In 1961 a laboratory colony of the face fly, Musca autumnalis DeGeer, was established for the purpose of determining the relative toxicity of well-known insecticides as well as certain new ones. Experiments to determine the comparative residual effectiveness of several insecticides indicated that DDT, Bayer 37344 (4- (methylthio) -3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate), methoxychlor and Famophos® (O-p (dimethylsulfamoyl) phenyl O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate) were the most promising chemicals of the 30 materials screened. Topical applications to individual female face flies to determine the LD50 of certain insecticides indicated that Famophos, dimetilan, dimethoate, DDT, and malathion were all highly toxic to the face fly. It was concluded that the face fly is susceptible to a wide range of organic insecticides and that poor control observed in previous field experiments is due to factors other than toxicity of the insecticides.
Very low maternal lead level in pregnancy and birth outcomes in an eastern Massachusetts population.

Purpose Maternal lead exposure is associated with poor birth outcomes in populations with moderate to high blood levels. However, no studies have looked at exposure levels commonly experienced by US women.
Phonology and language use

1. Language use as a part of linguistic theory 2. A usage-based model for phonology and morphology 3. The nature of lexical representation 4. Phonological processes, phonological patterns 5. The interaction of phonology with morphology 6. The units of storage and access: morphemes, words, and phrases 7. Constructions as processing units: the rise and fall of French liaison 8. Universals, synchrony and diachrony.
Relationship between hospital volume and late survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Background: Several studies have reported lower perioperative mortality rates with pancreaticoduodenectomy at high-volume hospitals than at low-volume hospitals. We sought to determine whether volume is also related to survival after hospital discharge. Methods: Using information from the Medicare claims database, we performed a retrospective cohort study of all 7229 patients over age 65 undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy in the United States between 1992 and 1995. We divided the study population into approximate quartiles according to their hospital's average annual volume of pancreaticoduodenectomies in Medicare patients: very low (<1/y), low (1-2/y, medium (2-5/y), and high (5+/y). To adjust for potentially confounding variables, we used a Cox proportional hazards model to examine relationships between hospital volume and mortality, our primary outcome measure. Results: Overall, 3-year survival was higher at high-volume centers (37%) than at medium- (29%), low- (26%), and very low volume hospitals (25%) (log-rank P < .0001). After excluding perioperative deaths and adjusting for case-mix, patients undergoing surgery at high-volume hospitals remained less likely to experience late mortality than patients at very low volume centers (adjusted hazard ratio 0.69, 95% CI 0.62-0.76). Relationships between hospital volume and survival after discharge were not restricted to patients with cancer diagnoses; patients with benign disease had similar improvements in late survival after surgery at high-volume centers. Conclusions: Hospital volume strongly influences both perioperative risk and long-term survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Our data suggest that both patient selection and differences in quality of care may underlie better outcomes at high-volume referral centers. (Surgery 1999;126:178-83.)
Optimal designs for multivariate interpolation

Optimal interpolation designs are given for estimation of the value of a linear functional of an unknown polynomial mean. For example, optimal designs are given for estimation of the average value of a multivariate polynomial over a sphere of radius a < r when observations are available only in the region r ≤ ∥x∥ ≤ R.
Relative importance of corticosterone and thyroxine in the postnatal development of sucrase and maltase in rat small intestine.

Both corticosterone and T4 have been previously implicated as causal factors in the ontogenic increases in jejunal sucrase and maltase activities during the third week of life in the rat. Furthermore, it is known that the administration of exogenous T4 during the developmental period causes significant increases in serum corticosterone concentrations. To determine whether the effects of T4 on sucrase and maltase are secondary to the corticosterone rise, we examined the effect of T4 administration in adrenalectomized (adX) pups. Serum corticosterone was measured in all operated animals. Some of the adX pups had substantial concentrations of circulating corticosterone. In adX pups with serum corticosterone levels below 0.1 μg/dl, there was no effect of T4 on either maltase or sucrase activity. We also studied the effect of propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism on sucrase and maltase. At 21 days of age, both enzyme activities were significantly reduced in hypothyroid pups. Injections of either T4 or cortis...
Adaptive interfaces for ubiquitous web access

The World Web Wide gives unprecedented access to Newspapers, magazines, shopping catalogs, restaurant guides, and classified ads and other types of information. All this information, however, used to be accessible only while users are tethered to a computer at home or in an office. Wireless data and voice access to this vast store allows unprecedented access to information from any location at any time.
CO2 dialysis in nucleus tractus solitarius region of rat increases ventilation in sleep and wakefulness.

To evaluate the function of widely distributed central chemoreceptors during sleep and wakefulness in the rat, we focally stimulate single chemoreceptor sites during naturally occurring sleep-wake ...
Morphine-induced mu opioid receptor trafficking enhances reward yet prevents compulsive drug use

Morphine, heroin and other commonly abused opioids induce little mu opioid receptor (MOR) trafficking compared to endogenous opioids. We utilized knock-in mice expressing a mutant recycling MOR (RMOR) that desensitizes and is internalized in response to morphine to show that facilitating MOR trafficking not only enhances morphine reward but, despite this, reduces the development of addiction-like behaviours. To demonstrate this, we developed a novel model of the transition from controlled to compulsive drug use that recapitulates many features of human addiction, including persistent drug seeking despite adverse consequences and a decreased preference for alternative rewards. These behaviours emerged spontaneously in wild-type but not RMOR mice, and their intensity predicted the reinstatement of morphine seeking after extended abstinence, while prior morphine intake did not. These results confirm previous findings in the rat that addiction can be dissociated from both reward and consumption. Most importantly, these results demonstrate that one can simultaneously reduce the ‘addictiveness’ of morphine and enhance its desirable effects by promoting agonist-induced MOR trafficking.
Applications of dynamic data flow programming to real-time interactive simulations

Within the domain of soft real-time interactive simulations the timeliness of a computation can be more vital than its accuracy in ensuring the success of the overall system. At the same time, designers wish to provide the most accurate answers possible within the given time constraints. Time complexity-based multilevel modeling provides an avenue for satisfying this trade-off. However, implementing and managing such models in a traditional, third-generation language can dramatically increase the overhead and complexity of the code while limiting portability and code reuse. Many of these issues can be resolved by architecting the overall system around a data flow perspective rather than control flow. The SHADOW system, a language, compiler and run-time engine built around data flow concepts, has been used to demonstrate the viability of these concepts in both structured laboratory tests and large-scale applications.
Lesbian Women and Sexual Health: The Social Construction of Risk and Susceptibility. By K. A. Dolan

Dr. Dolan has written a clear, easy-to-read, brief, and inexpensive book in which she does a good job of arguing that the HIV and sexually transmitted infection(STI) risk of lesbian women has been ...
Reasonable Incomplete Revascularization

Incomplete coronary artery revascularization could increase the risk of death, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and lifestyle-limiting angina. Data to support this hypothesis extend back to the early 1980s, when patients with incomplete surgical revascularization had an absolute 15% reduction in 5-year survival in comparison with patients with complete revascularization.1,2 This hypothesis should extend to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Two New York State registry analyses demonstrated an increased risk of death associated with incomplete stent-based revascularization, and the Arterial Revascularization Therapies Study (ARTS) trial described a greater need for subsequent bypass surgery after incomplete stent revascularization.3,–,5 One study has linked incomplete stent-based revascularization with impaired improvement in left ventricular function, and thus suggests a mechanism for increased mortality risk.6 Article see p 2373 Despite the pejorative reputation of incomplete revascularization, the findings of Kim et al7 from the Asan Medical Center Multivessel Registry in the current issue of Circulation may not be entirely shocking: In this single-center registry of 1914 patients undergoing either coronary bypass surgery or drug-eluting stent implantation for multivessel coronary artery disease, no difference in absolute or adjusted rates of 5-year death or composite cardiovascular events could be discerned on the basis of the completeness of anatomic revascularization.7 The findings are not black and white; nearly 20% of the patients underwent extensive multivessel incomplete revascularization, and this group had a strong tendency toward increased adverse cardiovascular events during follow-up (30.3% versus 22.1%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.97 to 1.66). Thus, the study by Kim et al is not an unqualified endorsement of leaving large territories of residual ischemic burden following PCI or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG); instead, it provides support for a rational strategy of avoiding oculostenotic overkill and for pursuit of a …
Pathogenesis of Canine Parvovirus Enteritis: The Importance of Viremia

The clinical signs, hematologic changes, serum and fecal virus titers, specific antibody production and the occurrence of histologic lesions were studied in 22 nine-week-old seronegative beagle dogs inoculated by the oral and intravenous route with canine parvovirus. Approximately 30% of the dogs had clinical signs of pyrexia, depression, vomiting, and diarrhea irrespective of the route of inoculation. Events in the dogs inoculated intravenously preceded those in dogs inoculated orally by approximately two days. Only one dog died. Lymphopenia was the most consistent hematologic change. Viremia always preceded the initiation of fecal virus shedding. Viral titers in the serum and feces were significantly greater in symptomatic dogs compared to asymptomatic dogs. Termination of the plasma viremia coincided with the onset of the humoral immune response, but viremia persisted one day longer in symptomatic dogs. The severity of lymphoid tissue and intestinal infection, assessed by tissue immunofluorescence and histology, was also greater in symptomatic dogs. The severity of intestinal disease was highly correlated with the magnitude and duration of viremia.
Exploiting auxiliary information about examinees in the estimation of item parameters

Abstract : A pervasive problem in item response theory (IRT) is the difficulty of simultaneously estimating large numbers of parameters from limited data. Even large samples of examinees may not eliminate the problem when each examinee responds to only a few items, as in educational assessment and adaptive testing. The precision of item parameter estimates can be increased by taking advantage of dependencies between the latent proficiency variable and auxiliary examinee variables such as age, courses taken, and years of schooling. Gains roughly equivalent to two to six additional item responses can be expected in typical educational and psychological applications. Empirical Bayes computational procedures are presented, and illustrated with data from the Profile of American Youth survey.
Asthma Quality-of-Care Markers Using Administrative Data

Study objective: To evaluate the relationship of potential asthma quality-of-care markers to subsequent emergency hospital care. Design: Retrospective administrative database analysis. Setting: Managed care organization. Patients: Asthmatic patients aged 5 to 56 years of age. Interventions: None. Measurements and results: Candidate quality measures included one or more or four or more controller medication canisters, a controller/total asthma medication ratio of > 0.3 or > 0.5, and the dispensing of fewer than six -agonist canisters in 2002. Outcome was a 2003 asthma emergency department visit or hospitalization. Multivariable analyses adjusted for age, sex, and year 2002 severity (based on utilization). In the total sample (n 109,774), one or more controllers (odds ratio, 1.35) and four or more controllers (odds ratio, 1.98) were associated with an increased risk of emergency hospital care, whereas a controller/total asthma medication ratio of > 0.5 (odds ratio, 0.73) and the dispensing of fewer than six -agonist canisters (odds ratio 0.30) were associated with a decreased risk. After adjustment for baseline severity in the total asthma sample, the controller/total asthma medication ratio (odds ratio, 0.62 to 0.78) and -agonist measure (odds ratio, 0.42) were associated with decreased risk, whereas the dispensing of four or more canisters of controller medication was associated with increased risk (odds ratio, 1.33). After stratification by year 2002 -agonist use, all of the measures were associated with decreased risk in those who received fewer than six -agonist canisters, whereas all of the measures except the medication ratio of > 0.5 were associated with increased risk in the cohort who received six or more -agonist canisters. Conclusion: Controller use and -agonist use may function as severity indicators in large populations rather than as asthma quality-of-care markers. A medication ratio of > 0.5 appeared to function as the best quality-of-care marker in this study. (CHEST 2005; 128:1968–1973)
Addressing people's information needs directly in a web search result page

Web search engines have historically focused on connecting people with information resources. For example, if a person wanted to know when their flight to Hyderabad was leaving, a search engine might connect them with the airline where they could find flight status information. However, search engines have recently begun to try to meet people's search needs directly, providing, for example, flight status information in response to queries that include an airline and a flight number. In this paper, we use large scale query log analysis to explore the challenges a search engine faces when trying to meet an information need directly in the search result page. We look at how people's interaction behavior changes when inline content is returned, finding that such content can cannibalize clicks from the algorithmic results. We see that in the absence of interaction behavior, an individual's repeat search behavior can be useful in understanding the content's value. We also discuss some of the ways user behavior can be used to provide insight into when inline answers might better trigger and what types of additional information might be included in the results.
The effect of inertia on the intrinsic viscosity of polymers

For the model of an elastic dumbbell, i.e., two beads connected by a Hookean spring, the Langevin equations for the beads are formulated. It is taken into account that the friction force contains terms resulting from the inertia of the liquid. The contribution of the dumbbell to the viscosity is calculated from the rate of energy dissipation. When the inertia of the liquid is neglected, the viscosity contribution reduces to Kramers' result and is independent of the mass of the beads. When the inertia terms are added, the result is nearly independent of this mass, but shows a dependence on the density of the liquid. In liquids of low viscosity, the extra term resulting from the inertia may be as large as 25% of the total viscosity contribution.
Toward the development of an inventory of daily widowed life (IDWL): guided by the dual process model of coping with bereavement.

The Dual Process Model of Coping with Bereavement (M. Stroebe & H. Schut, 1999) suggests that the most effective adaptation involves oscillation between 2 coping processes: loss-orientation (LO) and restoration-orientation (RO). A 22-item Inventory of Daily Widowed Life (IDWL) was developed to measure these processes and the oscillation between them and assessed by examining 163 bereaved widow(er)s, ages 45–94 years. The LO and RO subscales produced alpha coefficients of .90 and .79, respectively. The more recently widowed demonstrated a high degree of oscillation balance between the two processes, while there was a greater emphasis on restoration-orientation among those bereaved longer. Both subscales generated significant relationships with the bereavement outcome measures used in this study. Furthermore, restoration-orientation was directly related to the level of self-care and daily living skills as well as personal growth. We identify six dimensions of oscillation that warrant further consideration a...
Implantable Pacers for Tachycardia Termination: Stimulation Techniques and Long-Term Efficacy

The long-term efficacy of pacing for termination of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) was reviewed. Increasingly complex and sophisticated antitachycardia pacing stimulation patterns have evolved, and are outlined. Although excellent results are reported with simple patterns, it may be that the more complex algorithms increase the percentage of tachycardia patients who may be candidates for implantation of a device. In the papers reviewed, there were 460 patients, 268 with SVT, and 192 with VT. Results were judged to be good-excellent in 96.5% of both VT and SVT groups.
Cramér-Rao revisited

In a right-angled triangle, the hypotenuse is the longest side. So, if all (hypotenuse) vectors from a given set of vectors have the same orthogonal projection onto a certain subspace, we have a lower bound for their lengths. Interpreting the square of such a length as the variance of an unbiased estimator produces an information bound. The Cramer-Rao bound and the van Trees inequality can be seen as consequences of this bound. Another consequence is an inequality for the minimax variance, that is, the maximal variance in shrinking neighbourhoods, minimized over all unbiased estimators. This bound is non-asymptotic and requires almost no regularity conditions.
Finite-Amplitude Baroclinic Waves at Minimum Critical Shear

Abstract The finite-amplitude, inviscid dynamics of a baroclinic wave in the two-layer, β-plane model with y-independent basic flow is re-examined. It is shown that at the minimum critical shear where both the potential vorticity gradient and the Doppler-shifted frequency vanish within one layer, there emerges a forced spectrum of harmonies of the basic wave. Although of relatively small amplitude they significantly affect the wave-mean flow interaction mechanism of equilibration. This serves to explain the recent numerical results of Boville (1981). The theory is also extended to discuss the dynamics of a baroclinic wave in a zonal flow which varies in the meridional direction. It is argued that the phenomenon present in the uniform vorticity case, described above, is in fact somewhat peculiar to that case, and that the single-wave theory is more generally Valid.
Muscle Spindles and Locomotor Control-An Unrecognized Falls Determinant?

BACKGROUND: Historically, evidence muscle spindles might be involved in locomotion was provided by their presence in tetrapod antigravity muscles associated with posture and locomotion. Later, Brodal (1962) noted muscle spindles in all muscles of locomotion. To unravel the complexity of the muscle spindle and its role in human locomotor control many investigators have since conducted lesion and/or anaesthesia studies in subhuman species and human contexts. QUESTIONS: How strong is the evidence linking muscle spindles to normal human locomotion and its control? Can a case be made for an association between muscle spindle dysfunction and falls injuries? METHODS: All relevant publications in the leading electronic databases were searched using the key terms muscle afferents, falls, gait, locomotion, muscle spindles. There were numerous related listings, but here only selected reports are examined and discussed because the articles had to be linked in some way to the key question driving the research. RESULTS: Evidence supports a key role for muscle spindles in the control of human locomotion, and by analogy to falls related injuries. CONCLUSION: Future work to explore the role of muscle spindles in the context of falls that occur when walking is warranted.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Y2O3 ∕ ZrO2 Nanolaminates A Route to Ultrathin Solid-State Electrolyte Membranes

We report on the growth and electrochemical properties of nanoscale (20-35 nm) yttria-zirconia alloys synthesized using a laminate approach via atomic layer deposition. We observed metal oxide layer interdiffusion in relatively long-period (∼10 nm) nanolaminates by depth profiling analysis after 950°C anneals. Short-period (< 1 nm) nanolaminates were amorphous as deposited but appeared to be completely interdiffused with a polycrystalline, tetragonal structure after similar anneals. Electrochemical characterization of annealed, short-period nanolaminate yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) films containing 3 mol % Y 2 O 3 (3YSZ) indicated significant enhancement of total electrical conductivity compared to reported bulk values for this composition.
POLITICAL VOICE, FIDUCIARY ACTIVISM, AND THE INSTITUTIONAL OWNERSHIP OF U.S. CORPORATIONS: The Role of Public and Noncorporate Pension Funds

This article examines the significance of the change from ownerhip of corporate equity (and debt) primarily by individuals to about half held by institutions. Most important among these are pension funds, of which public and noncorporate funds are the focus of the article. It is argued that public and noncorporate funds play an increasingly important role in corporate gavernance and policy. These 'fiduciary activists" are central actors in the emergence of "relationship investing" resulting in the bypassing of market mechanisms in many important instances. The article examines a variety of recent examples of political voices of these institutions, concluding there is a partial, if messy, "remarriage" between the ownership and control of the modern corporation. This implies that U.S. corporations are in asignificant sense neither merely "private" capitalist enterprises, nor public either, but an emerging entity containing public and private aspects alongwith an emerging "civil"ownership quality (ie., by unions and other nonstate entities).
Extension of Drosophila Lifespan by Rhodiola rosea Depends on Dietary Carbohydrate and Caloric Content in a Simplified Diet

Abstract The root and rhizome extract of Rhodiola rosea has been extensively used in traditional medicine to improve physical and mental performance and to protect against stress. We, and others, have reported that R. rosea can extend lifespan in flies, worms, and yeast. We also previously found that the extract can act independently of dietary restriction (DR), a treatment that can extend lifespan in a range of model organisms. In flies, DR is implemented through a reduction in dietary yeast content. Here, we report that the ability of R. rosea extract to extend lifespan in flies is dependent on the carbohydrate and caloric content when supplemented with a simplified diet composed of yeast and sucrose. R. rosea extract elevated the sugar content in flies and down-regulated hexokinase expression, suggesting that it perturbs carbohydrate metabolism in flies. In our previous studies, bananas, barley malt, and corn syrup provided dietary carbohydrates, and R. rosea extract could extend lifespan with a range ...
Immunohistochemical localization of 5-hydroxytryptamine and its receptor in the cultured human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HCC-9204

Objective:To investigate the relationship among 5 HT,its receptor and human hepatocarcinoma.[WT5HZ]Methods:[WT5BZ]20 of cultured HCC 9204 cell line crawling slides were stained by Immunohistochemical SABC method.[WT5HZ]Results:[WT5BZ]Both 5 HT and its receptor were expressed in carcinoma cells and the positive localization were similar.the positive substances were located in cytoplasm but the nuclei were negative.The distribution and staining density of 5 HT and its receptor in carcinoma cell had no clear differences.[WT5HZ]Conclusion:[WT5BZ]5 HT may be involved in the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma,and HCC 9204 is a useful material for studying the relationship between 5 HT and human hepatocellular carcinoma.
The Sun Also Rises in the West - Emerging Alternatives to Pacific Rim Sourcing in the Western Hemisphere

International competition and the realities of global retailing have sharpened the focus on cost-effective sourcing. The Pacific Rim has afforded low-cost assembly production but is increasingly challenged in the arena of international production potential by emerging assembly and manufacturing plants in Mexico. Lower labor costs combined with high technology and proximity to markets in the United States lure stateside suppliers and management to use 806–807 legislative advantages in the Western Hemisphere.
Epidemiological analysis for hand-foot-mouth disease in AnKang City(2009-2010)

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Ankang city and provide scientific base for the prevention and control of this disease.Methods Epidemic data of the hand-foot-mouth disease in AnKang city from 2009 to 2010 were analyzed.Results A total of 3816 hand-foot-mouth disease cases were reported in AnKang city from 2009 to 2010.The average rate during this period was 69.70 per 100 000 per year.The average rate was 45.41 per 100 000 per year in 2009,93.98 per 100 000 per year in 2010.The age median was 2.56 years old,85.56% among the total were under 5 years old.The majority(87.65%) were the scattered population and nursery children.Male,114.19 per 100 000 per year,female,53.52 per 100 000 per year.The hand-foot-mouth diseases were more common in male than in female(χ2=21.43,P=0.000).Conclusions The morbidity of hand-foot-mouth disease in infant ranked the first in AnKang City,the incidence peak was during March to July,the scattered population,especially the children in kindergarten,should be the priority.
Antisense Tumor Therapy

Cancerous cells display overexpression or mutant expression of one or more of the genes normally used in cell proliferation. Such genes are called protoncogenes (1). The imphcation is that the targets that must be attacked in neoplastic cells are normal cellular genes that have sustained some activating lesion. The ras family of mammalian proto-oncogenes includes three members, termed Ha-ras, Ki-ras, and N-ras, that are found to be activated very often in human solid tumors and leukemias (2).
Investing in the real me: Preference for experiential to material purchases driven by the motivation to search for true self-knowledge

AbstractOne mechanism underlying the hedonic benefits of experiential purchases is that one’s core self is more centrally reflected in experiential purchases. However, little is known about whether people consume experiential purchases as a means of discovering their true self. The present research explored the possibility that people value experiential purchases as a potential tool for understanding their true self. Consistent with the hypothesis, Study 1 demonstrated that experiential purchases were perceived to be a more valuable source of gaining knowledge about one’s true self compared to material purchases. Using correlational methods, Study 2 found that the motivation to search for true self-knowledge positively predicted preference for experiential purchases over material purchases. Finally, Study 3 showed a causal effect of motivation to search for true self-knowledge on a tendency to prefer experiential purchases to material purchases. Implications and future directions for well-being research a...
Abstract 805: The molecular mechanisms of obesity driving breast cancer etiology and prognosis in post-menopausal women

This study aims to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms of obesity driving breast cancer etiology and prognosis as post-menopausal women with high body mass index (BMI) have increased breast cancer risk and poorer prognosis. We examined the differential gene expression of breast tumors from 441 post-menopausal women part of the Nurses’ Health Studies. Primary analysis was performed between women with BMI of In the primary analysis, differentially expressed genes associated with BMI were identified in pairwise analyses comparing women with BMI ≥35 with women in lower BMI categories ( These molecular insights have further elucidated breast cancer etiology in post-menopausal women with high BMI. Citation Format: Yu Jing Jan Heng, Jun Wang, Aditi Hazra, David J. Hunter, A. Heather Eliassen, Rulla M. Tamimi, Susan E. Hankinson, Andrew H. Beck. The molecular mechanisms of obesity driving breast cancer etiology and prognosis in post-menopausal women. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 805.
Some Aspects of Multivariate Behrens-Fisher Problem

In this paper we discuss the well known multivariate Behrens-Fisher problem which deals with testing the equality of two normal mean vectors under heteroscedasticity of dispersion matrices. Some existing tests are reviewed and a new test based on Roy's union-intersection principle coupled with the generalized P-value is proposed. The tests are compared with respect to size and power based on simulation, and applied to a few useful data sets.AMS (2000) Subject Classification : 62H10, 62H15.
Decision Support for Integrated Greenhouse Production Systems

A greenhouse is a system integrating a number of interrelated hardware and software components. Some of them are the structure, the environment within the structure, the crop growing facility, the materials handling equipment, the environmental control apparatus and strategies, the information processing devices, and the management and labor forces. The degree of complexity of a greenhouse depends on the operating objective of the system. To ensure the compatibility of all the components and the workability of the entire system, a systems level approach can never be overemphasized (Giacomelli et al., 1987; van Weel and Giacomelli, 1990).
Survival and Predation of Weasels (Mustela erminea, Mustela frenata) in North America

Predators may limit populations of small carnivores indirectly through exploitative competition for resources, and directly through interference competition, including predation. We evaluated direct effects of predation by large predators on small, specialist carnivores by estimating annual survival and cause-specific mortality. We used known fate models to estimate annual survival of 23 radio-collared short-tailed weasels (Mustela erminea) in western Oregon in 2012–2013. Further, we reviewed published and unpublished studies of radio-tracked weasels (Mustela spp.) in North America, to identify main predators of weasels and survival. If the study did not report survival but did report number of days tracked and causespecific mortalities, we extrapolated an annual survival index, based on daily survival rates (Mayfield index), to facilitate comparisons between studies. Estimated mean ± SD annual survival of short-tailed weasels in our study was 0.26 ± 0.08, and did not vary by season or sex of the weasel. Most (80%) predation mortalities, however, occurred in winter, and were attributed to predatory birds, suspected to be barred owls (Strix varia). For seven North American studies, including ours, we estimated the average annual survival index for M. erminea and Mustela frenata to be 0.37 ± 0.28. Across studies, most mortality was attributed to predation. Predators killed weasels > 2x more frequently in winter when most mortality (86%) was attributed to predatory birds. Mammalian predators, in contrast, killed weasels most frequently in summer (75%). Our results support the hypothesis that predation may play an important role limiting weasel populations in North America.
Predictors of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy among patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) who underwent evaluation for BRCA genetic testing.

1549 Background: Patients with DCIS are at increased risk for developing contralateral breast cancer (CBC). Therefore, an increasing number of women with DCIS are electing for contralateral prophyl...
Tissue response to micropulse modulation in retinal laser therapy (Conference Presentation)

Micropulse modulation in retinal laser therapy was intended to confine tissue heating around the light-absorbing layers, such as RPE and choroid, while the transparent retina is heated less as a result of slow heat diffusion. Current implementations use micropulses of 100-300μs at 500Hz, with overall pulse envelope of 100-300ms. The effect of such modulation compared to continuous-wave (CW) is not well characterized and misleading comparisons are made in the literature between exposures of different average power or overall duration. In this study, we modeled and measured the retinal tissue response to pulse trains with duty cycles from 4% (80μs pulse at 500Hz) to CW at overall envelope of 200ms and 20ms. Three thresholds of tissue response were measured in Dutch-belted rabbits: immediate (<3s after laser delivery) and delayed (1-5min) ophthalmoscopic visibility of lesions corresponding to photoreceptor damage, as well as fluorescein angiography visibility indicating RPE damage. Both the model and experimental results show that tissue response to micropulse modulation with long pulse envelope (200ms) is not significantly different from CW exposures at the same average power and duration. Heat confinement is improved with lower duty cycle (2%) and shorter pulse envelope (20ms), however further decrease in exposure duration raises the temperature dangerously close to vaporization. Pulse modulation cannot improve the therapeutic range of non-damaging thermal therapy since it is defined by the Arrhenius integral, regardless of the time course of hyperthermia. However, it does allow greater thermal stress to the RPE and underlying choroid while avoiding damage to neural retina.
The Ethics of Clinical Trials Research in Severe Mood Disorders

Mood disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), are highly prevalent, frequently disabling, and sometimes deadly. Additional research and more effective medications are desperately needed, but clinical trials research in mood disorders is fraught with ethical issues. Although many authors have discussed these issues, most do so from a theoretical viewpoint. This manuscript uses available empirical data to inform a discussion of the primary ethical issues raised in mood disorders research. These include issues of consent and decision-making capacity, including patients' motivations for participating in research. We also address drug withdrawals, placebo controls, and the overall safety of research. Finally, we examine the extant literature for studies discussing potential indirect benefits of clinical trials research to participants. Taken together, the evidence suggests that clinical trials research incorporating drug withdrawals and placebo controls can be conducted safely and ethically, even in patients with severe or treatment-resistant mood disorders. In fact, given the dearth of effective treatment options for this population, it is our opinion that a moral imperative exists to extend the offer of research participation to severely ill or treatment-resistant groups.
Enhanced [Ca2+]I and Contractility of Renal Arterial Smooth Muscle in a Rat Model of Hypertension Produced by Reduction of Uterine Perfusion Pressure in Late Pregnancy

P147 Reduction of uterine perfusion pressure during late pregnancy has been suggested to trigger increases in renal vascular resistance and pregnancy-induced hypertension; however, the cellular mechanisms involved are unclear. We investigated whether reduction of uterine perfusion pressure in late pregnancy is associated with increased [Ca 2+ ] i and contractility of renal arterial smooth muscle. Single smooth muscle cells were isolated from renal interlobular arteries of late pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and a hypertensive pregnant rat model produced by chronic reduction in uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP). The cells were loaded with fura-2 and cell length and [Ca 2+ ] i were measured. In cells of pregnant rats incubated in Hank’s solution (1 mmol/L Ca 2+ ), resting [Ca 2+ ] i was 62±3 nmol/L and cell length was 69±3 μm. In RUPP rats, resting [Ca 2+ ] i (101±3 nmol/L) was significantly greater and cell length (53±2 μm) was shorter than pregnant rats. In pregnant rats, angiotensin II (AII, 10 -7 mol/L) caused transient increase in [Ca 2+ ] i to 412±25 nmol/L followed by a maintained increase to 158±15 nmol/L, and 23±2% cell contraction. In RUPP rats, the AII-induced [Ca 2+ ] i transient (434±22 nmol/L) was not significantly different from pregnant rats, but the maintained [Ca 2+ ] i was significantly elevated to 198±7 nmol/L and cell contraction was increased to 33±3%. In pregnant rats, the Ca 2+ channel agonist Bay K8644 (1 μmol/L) caused maintained increase in [Ca 2+ ] i to 292±12 nmol/L and 31% contraction that were significantly enhanced in RUPP rats. In Ca 2+ -free (2 mmol/L EGTA) Hank’s, AII- and caffeine (10 mmol/L)-induced [Ca 2+ ] i transient and cell contraction were not significantly different between pregnant and RUPP rats suggesting no difference in Ca 2+ release from intracellular stores. The enhanced basal, maintained AII- and Bay K8644-induced [Ca 2+ ] i and cell contractility in RUPP rats suggest enhanced Ca 2+ entry mechanisms of smooth muscle contraction in resistance renal arteries and may, in part, explain the increased renal vascular resistance associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Callous-unemotional traits, relational and social aggression, and interpersonal maturity in a sample of behaviorally disordered adolescents

ABSTRACTThe authors examined the degree to which callous-unemotional traits and narcissism predict relational aggression, social aggression, and prosocial skills in a sample of 79 adolescent offenders (13–18 years old; 26% girls; 74% boys) attending a school for youth with behavior disorders in the Mid-Atlantic United States. Narcissism made a significant contribution to the prediction of both relational aggression and social aggression, accounting for most of the unique variance in the prediction of these indirect forms of aggression. Conversely, callous-unemotional traits—but not narcissism—made a significant contribution to the prediction of lower prosocial skills. Furthermore, in contrast to the large number of studies indicating gender differences in the expression of aggression, no significant gender differences in the present study were found.