cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Well-being self-efficacy and complier average causal effect estimation: A substantive-methodological synergy

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this manuscript was to provide a substantive (i.e., well-being self-efficacy) – methodological (i.e., complier average causal effect estimation) synergy of potential importance to future research in the psychology of sport and exercise with secondary data analyses from the Fun For Wellness intervention. Fun For Wellness is a new on-line intervention designed to promote growth in well-being. Well-being self-efficacy is a proposed mechanism by which the effect of Fun For Wellness on well-being may be transmitted. Complier average causal effect estimation is a methodology that estimates the effect of complying with an intervention. Design The study design was a prospective, double-blind, parallel group randomized controlled trial (RCT) detailed in Myers, Prilleltensky, et al. (2016). Data were collected at baseline, 30 days- and 60 days-post baseline. A total of 479 adult employees at a major university in the southeast of the United States of America were enrolled. Method A two-class linear regression model with complier average causal effect estimation was fitted to well-being self-efficacy scores at 30- and 60-days. Results The adjusted mean difference in well-being self-efficacy scores for participants who complied with the intervention, as compared to potential compliers in the Usual Care group, was equal to 0.21, p = 0.061, Cohen's d = 0.36 at 30-days and 0.28, p = 0.050, Cohen's d = 0.49 at 60-days. Conclusion Complier average causal effect estimation may be a useful approach for RCTs in sport and exercise psychology when at least some of the participants do not comply with the intervention.
Extracellular Matrix from Whole Porcine Heart Decellularization for Cardiac Tissue Engineering.

Decellularization of whole porcine hearts followed by recellularization with fully differentiated cells made from patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may provide the ultimate solution for patients with heart failure. Decellularization is the process of completely disrupting all cells and removing the cellular components (e.g., antigenic proteins, lipids, DNA) from organic tissue, leaving only the extracellular matrix (ECM). The decellularization of porcine hearts can be accomplished in 24 h and results in 98% DNA removal with only 6 h of detergent exposure. Automatically controlling the pressure during decellularization reduces the detergent exposure time while still completely removing immunogenic cell debris.
Prehospital thrombolytic therapy reduced mortality in acute MI

Source Citation Rawles J. Magnitude of benefit from earlier thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction: new evidence from Grampian region early anistreplase trial (GREAT). BMJ. 1996 Jan ...
Precision of Ku-Band Reflected Signals of Opportunity Altimetry

This letter provides a proof-of-concept experiment and validation of an error model for bistatic altimetry using signals of opportunity (SoOps). Coastal sea surface height plays a prominent role in measuring the total water-level envelope directly and is one of the key quantities required by storm surge applications and services. Nadir satellite altimeters have a long history of mapping the variability of the earth’s open ocean. However, they exhibit problems operating in coastal areas due to the effects, such as land contamination, rapid variations due to tides, and atmospheric effects. One technique for filling this gap is bistatic altimetry using SoOp (e.g., digital communication signal reflections). In this letter, we investigate capabilities of this technique. Twenty three days of data were collected at platform harvest from a single channel of the Ku-Band direct broadcast satellite. The wind speed observed during the experiment was between 4 and 14 m/s and significant wave height was between 0.7 and 4 m as measured by buoy 46 218 located 8 km away. The standard deviation in the estimation of height was found to be 7.2 cm (the same as predicted from theory). Using a least-squares approach improved the precision reducing the standard deviation to 6.8 cm. It is shown that the error in the estimation of height can be reduced to 3.5 cm by utilizing the full bandwidth (all the channels) of the SoOp. Extrapolating these results, we predict a precision of 5.3 cm from a typical (e.g., Jason) orbit of 1380 km.
Climate Change Governance

Climate change (CC), with all its ramifications and complex unprecedented adverse impacts, is now seen as a major contributor to natural hazards and disasters around the planet. The scale of these effects of CC- including frequency of occurrence of events- has been of exceeding magnitudes relative to the coping capacities of most developing countries. This ongoing and emerging situation warrants consistent and scaled up efforts on all fronts and by all entities, individually and collectively, to minimize the adverse effects lest we could face collective irreversible losses in almost all spheres of life on this planet. This reading need not and should not imply misdirecting scarce resources toward hypothetical problems and/or their fictional solutions. At national and international levels, vision and commitment is important in the design and implement of relevant policies for implementation in this context. This calls for an improved understanding of the climate change systems and their governance, as well as the impacts on the socio-economic and other systems.
US Media and Post-9/11 Human Rights Violations in the Name of Counterterrorism

This article adds to earlier research revealing that the American news media did not discharge their responsibility as a watchdog press in the post-9/11 years by failing to scrutinize extreme and unlawful government policies and actions, most of all the decision to invade Iraq based on false information about Saddam Hussein’s alleged weapons of mass destruction arsenal. The content analyses presented here demonstrate that leading US news organizations, both television and print, did not expressly refer to human rights violations when they reported on the torturing of foreign detainees during “enhanced interrogations” in US-run prison facilities abroad and the killing of civilians, including children, in US drone strikes overseas and outside theaters of war. Moreover, by framing torture and the “collateral damage” caused by drone-launched missile attacks episodically rather than in the context of human rights, the news media failed to alert the American public to the grave humanitarian violations in the so-called war on terrorism during the George W. Bush and Barack Obama administrations.
Effects of Dodecaboride-Forming Metals on the Properties of Superhard Tungsten Tetraboride

Tungsten tetraboride alloys with Y, Sc, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er were prepared by arc-melting and investigated for their thermal stability and mechanical properties. The phase composition and purity were confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). In all cases, except for Sc, a change to a “dendritic” morphology was observed. For alloys with Sc, the metal boride and boron grains became smaller; however, no patterning was observed. This shows that tuning the composition of the alloys of WB4 with transition metals and lanthanides results in a modification of the morphology leading to patterning and smaller grains that enhance mechanical and thermal properties. For alloys of WB4 with Y, Sc, Gd, Dy, Tb, Ho, and Er, an increase in hardness to 50.2 ± 2.4, 48.9 ± 2.5, 48.0 ± 2.1, 46.3 ± 2.6, 48.5 ± 2.3, 46.4 ± 3.4, and 47.2 ± 2.9 GPa at low load, respectively, compared to 41.2 ± 1.4 GPa for WB4 is observed. Moreover, the alloys of WB4 with Y, Sc, and Gd showed an in...
Cerebral rSO2 monitoring in pediatric altered mental status patients

Pediatric patients with altered mental status (AMS) present with poor histories resulting in delayed testing and potential poor outcomes. Non-invasive detection for altered cerebral physiology related to TBI would improve resuscitation and outcome. Cerebral rSO2 (rcSO2) studies demonstrate its utility in certain neurological emergencies.
Prime Quasientropy and Quasichaos

We construct a prime symmetry relation for integers that is equivalent to Goldbach's conjecture and show that numerical computations of this prime symmetry property strongly resemble a chaotic sequence. We define and examine the notions of global and local prime quasientropies. Finally, we employ the fact that the prime number sequence satisfies the property of deterministic randomness to consider its utility for the field of quantum computation.
Summary of NIST's efforts to develop protocols for the performance evaluation of 3D imaging systems

This paper presents a synopsis of the effort at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to develop standard protocols for the performance evaluation of 3D Imaging Systems. A 3D imaging system is an instrument used to measure rapidly the 3D coordinates of points on an object or within a scene. The effort toward developing standard protocols for performance evaluation began with a workshop at NIST in 2003. Since the 2003 workshop, three other workshops have been held at NIST with the latest one on March 2-3, 2006. The objectives of the NIST workshops were to provide a forum for sharing and discussing efforts in the evaluation of 3D imaging systems and to determine the needs of the 3D imaging community. One outcome of the 2006 workshop was the selection of a standards development organization (SDO) to host the standard protocols for 3D imaging systems.
Skin and Macular Carotenoids and Their Implications for Cognitive Control and Achievement in Children (OR05-08-19)

Carotenoids are plant pigments that accumulate across several tissues including the macula and skin. However, the relationship between carotenoid deposition in retina and skin is unknown in children. Understanding these interrelationships is important, given that evidence indicates that carotenoid status is a marker of cognitive health in childhood. Importantly, the selectivity of cognitive function to carotenoids in different tissues remains understudied. The present work investigated associations between retinal and skin carotenoids and their implications for children's cognitive function and achievement. Children 7–12 years old (N = 50) participated in the study. Retinal carotenoid status, i.e., macular pigment optical density (MPOD), was assessed using heterochromatic flicker photometry. Skin carotenoids were assessed using reflection spectroscopy at the fingertip using the Veggiemeter. Academic achievement was assessed using the Woodcock Johnson IV test and a modified Eriksen flanker task to assess children's ability for selective attention or interference control. There was a significant positive correlation between skin and retinal carotenoid levels (rs = 0.29, P = 0.02). Skin carotenoids were positively related to reading (rs = 0.42, P = 0.001) and math scores (rs = 0.34, P = 0.009). However, skin carotenoids were not significantly related to flanker interference scores (p's > 0.05). On the other hand, MPOD was positively related to reading (rs = 0.25, P = 0.04) but not math (rs = 0.12, P = 0.20). Further, MPOD was inversely related to flanker interference scores for reaction time (rs = −0.29, P = 0.02) and accuracy (rs = −0.28, P = 0.03), indicating that children with higher retinal carotenoids exhibited superior ability to maintain cognitive control performance when faced with greater task demands. These findings demonstrate that carotenoid levels in skin and retina are correlated in children. These findings further suggest that carotenoid status in children is associated with cognition, perhaps selectively across site of accumulation and cognitive domains. This work was supported by funds provided by the Egg Nutrition Center.
Overview of the Atmospheric Mercury Cycle

Atmospheric deposition is very often the most important source of mercury (Hg) to aquatic systems. Elevated Hg deposition can lead to elevated levels of Hg in aquatic food webs, which degrades the ecosystem and elevates our exposure to Hg via fish consumption. Therefore, an understanding of the atmospheric cycling and deposition of Hg is necessary to develop effective and efficient ways to lower Hg levels in any water body. This is particularly true for the Florida Everglades where direct atmospheric inputs constitute in excess of 95% of the external inputs of Hg to the ecosystem. This chapter thus presents an overview of the atmospheric Hg cycle and discusses key aspects of the cycle that are particularly important to understanding atmospheric Hg deposition in the Florida Everglades.
Race-based mortality as determined by intrinsic breast tumor subtype and p53 status.

e12519 Background: Race-based mortality differences have been reported for intrinsic breast tumor subtypes. p53 status has recently emerged as a marker of worse prognosis among African-American (AA...
Bringing Communication Theory Into the Management Classroom: Rejoinder to “Critical Language and Discourse Awareness in Management Education”:

Erika Darics’s recent article “Critical Language and Discourse Awareness in Management Education” called for a more nuanced appreciation of language and communication in the management classroom. I...
Leader Group Selection for Energy-Related Controllability of Signed Acyclic Graphs

A leader group selection approach that jointly considers network controllability and control energy is investigated in this work. Specifically, a dynamic multi-agent system with signed acyclic topology is considered, where signed edges capture cooperative and competitive interactions among agents. To effectively and efficiently control the multi-agent system, leader group selection in this work focuses on energy-related controllability, which jointly considers two primary objectives: 1) network controllability, i.e., identification of a subset of agents as leaders that can drive the entire network to a desired state even in the presence of antagonistic interactions, and 2) energy efficiency, which takes into account the control cost incurred by the selected leaders in steering the network to the desired state. To achieve these objectives, graph-inspired characterizations of energy-related controllability are developed based on the interaction between the network topology and the agent dynamics. The developed topological characterizations are exploited to derive heuristic leader selection algorithms on signed acyclic graphs. Illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed leader group selection methods.
Sensitive Periods for the Association Between Childhood Maltreatment and BMI

Introduction Although previous research has suggested a positive association between child maltreatment and BMI over the life course, it is unclear when this develops. Methods The authors used time-varying effect models and data from a nationally representative, longitudinal, cohort study (Add Health), to test how childhood physical, sexual, and emotional abuse uniquely varied in associations with BMI from age 13 to 28 years, and whether different patterns existed for male and female participants. Add Health collected data from 1994 to 2008, and the present analyses took place in 2018. Results Age 18 years was the earliest that a relationship between maltreatment and BMI emerged for either sex. Child sexual abuse was negatively associated with BMI among male participants from 18.5 to 20 years, but positively associated with BMI among female participants from 19 to 24.5 years, and childhood emotional abuse was positively associated with BMI among female participants from 18 to 28 years. Conclusions The relationship between child maltreatment and BMI varies as a function of type of maltreatment, sex, and time. Notably, associations between maltreatment and BMI did not emerge until young adulthood. Future research should investigate mechanisms by which the association between maltreatment and BMI changes over time to identify trauma-informed intervention targets for improving weight outcomes.
SETDB1 mediated histone H3 lysine 9 methylation suppresses MLL-fusion target expression and leukemic transformation

Epigenetic regulators play a critical role in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Deregulation, including epigenetic deregulation, of the HOXA gene cluster drives transformation of about 50% of acute myeloid leukemia. We recently showed that the Histone 3 Lysine 9 methyltransferase SETDB1 negatively regulates the expression of the pro-leukemic genes Hoxa9 and its cofactor Meis1 through deposition of promoter H3K9 trimethylation in MLL-AF9 leukemia cells. Here, we investigated the biological impact of altered SETDB1 expression and changes in H3K9 methylation on acute myeloid leukemia. We demonstrate that SETDB1 expression is correlated to disease status and overall survival in acute myeloid leukemia patients. We recapitulated these findings in mice, where high expression of SETDB1 delayed MLL-AF9 mediated disease progression by promoting differentiation of leukemia cells. We also explored the biological impact of treating normal and malignant hematopoietic cells with an H3K9 methyltransferase inhibitor, UNC0638. While myeloid leukemia cells demonstrate cytotoxicity to UNC0638 treatment, normal bone marrow cells exhibit an expansion of cKit+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Consistent with these data, we show that bone marrow treated with UNC0638 is more amenable to transformation by MLL-AF9. Next generation sequencing of leukemia cells shows that high expression of SETDB1 induces repressive changes to the promoter epigenome and downregulation of genes linked with acute myeloid leukemia, including Dock1 and the MLL-AF9 target genes Hoxa9, Six1, and others. These data reveal novel targets of SETDB1 in leukemia that point to a role for SETDB1 in negatively regulating pro-leukemic target genes and suppressing acute myeloid leukemia.
When Iʼm 84: What Should Life Look Like in Old Age?

Housing and the built environment are well-established social determinants of healthy longevity, yet no guidelines or standards exist for the design and construction of health-promoting environments, especially for older adults who are at risk for functional decline and frailty. To envision what should be included in the design of healthy communities, it may help to reverse-engineer what each of us would like our lives to look like in old age. In this special article, a geriatrician draws on his own personal aspirations and successful models of supportive community-based programs to suggest key factors that should be considered in the design of future living environments. These include healthy housing that can enable aging in place without social isolation and loneliness; engagement in meaningful and productive work; financial, physical, transportation, food, and housing security; and affordable high-quality home- and community-based healthcare. By conceptualizing what we would like our later years to look like, future leaders can be more deliberate in creating living environments that promote a long and productive health span. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:967-969, 2020.
Secrets in Global Governance : Disclosure Dilemmas and the Challenge of International Cooperation

Scholars have long argued that transparency makes international rule violations more visible and improves outcomes. Secrets in Global Governance revises this claim to show how equipping international organizations (IOs) with secrecy can be a critical tool for eliciting sensitive information and increasing cooperation. States are often deterred from disclosing information about violations of international rules by concerns of revealing commercially sensitive economic information or the sources and methods used to collect intelligence. IOs equipped with effective confidentiality systems can analyze and act on sensitive information while preventing its wide release. Carnegie and Carson use statistical analyses of new data, elite interviews, and archival research to test this argument in domains across international relations, including nuclear proliferation, international trade, justice for war crimes, and foreign direct investment. Secrets in Global Governance brings a groundbreaking new perspective to the literature of international relations.
Stress myocardial perfusion imaging in patients presenting with syncope: Comparison of PET vs. SPECT.

The role of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) presenting with syncope is controversial. We aimed to determine diagnostic yield of MPI for evaluation of syncope in patients without known CAD, as a function of pre-test patient risk and test modality (PET vs SPECT). Between 1/2010 and 12/2016, 1324 consecutive patients presenting with syncope without known CAD underwent MPI with PET (n = 640) or SPECT (n = 684). Rates of abnormal MPI (summed difference score (SDS) > 2 or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) reserve ≤ 0 for PET and SDS > 2 or post-stress LVEF ≤ 45% for SPECT) were determined among patients stratified by pre-test risk. In patients who were referred for coronary angiography, diagnostic yield of obstructive CAD was calculated in the overall cohort as well as in a propensity-matched cohort compared to patients without syncope. Abnormal MPI was noted in 36.5% (201/551) of patients who had PET compared with 13.0% (87/671) who had SPECT (P < 0.001), which is largely related to higher comorbidity burden and greater pre-test CAD risk in the PET population. Among patients who had an abnormal MPI, 8.5% (47/551) with PET and 0.7% (5/671) with SPECT were found to have obstructive CAD if referred for coronary angiography. Patients at intermediate-high pre-test risk had a higher proportion of abnormal MPIs and obstructive CAD as compared to those at low risk in both the PET and SPECT cohorts. The rate of abnormal testing and diagnostic yield of PET MPI was similar and proportionate to pre-test likelihood among matched patients with and without syncope. Among patients referred for PET MPI with syncope at an intermediate-high pre-test CAD risk, 1 in 3 had an abnormal MPI and 1 in 10 had obstructive CAD. The value of MPI was related to pre-test risk as opposed to the presence of syncope, and MPI testing with PET or SPECT in the low-risk population was low value.
Development and Validation of the Nasal Outcome Score for Epistaxis in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (NOSE HHT).

Importance Epistaxis is the greatest cause of morbidity in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT); because of this, a validated epistaxis-specific quality-of-life instrument for HHT should be made available. Objective To develop and validate an epistaxis-specific quality-of-life patient-reported outcome measure for HHT. Design, Setting, and Participants This survey study focused on the development and validation of the Nasal Outcome Score for Epistaxis (NOSE) in HTT (NOSE HHT) outcome measure with data prospectively collected from December 10, 2019, to March 15, 2020. A total of 401 patients were recruited from within the Cure Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia online patient advocacy social media network, the Washington University HHT Center of Excellence, and a randomized clinical trial investigating an intranasal timolol gel for HHT-associated epistaxis. Main Outcomes and Measures Face and content validity, factor analysis, internal consistency as measured through Cronbach α, construct validity, responsiveness to change, and minimal clinically important difference. Results The NOSE HHT was developed and validated with a possible score ranging discretely from 0 to 4 for each of the 29 items and a total score ranging continuously from 0 to 4 after dividing by the total number of items answered. A total of 401 participants completed the NOSE HHT. Factor analysis identified 3 factors that matched the a priori specified subgroups of particular aspects of life affected by HHT-associated epistaxis: physical problems (mean [SD] magnitude, 1.59 [0.83]), functional limitations (mean [SD] magnitude, 1.28 [0.84]), and emotional consequences (mean [SD] magnitude, 1.95 [1.02]). The instrument had high internal consistency with an overall Cronbach α of 0.960. Convergent validity determined the total NOSE HHT score to be a strong predictor of disease severity; total NOSE HHT score can be split up into the following epistaxis severity categories: mild (0-1), moderate (1.01-2), and severe (>2). The instrument was found to be sensitive to change, and the minimal clinically important difference for the total NOSE HHT score was 0.46. Conclusions and Relevance Evaluation of the consistency, reliability, and responsiveness of the NOSE HHT survey found it to be a valid instrument to assess severity and change in epistaxis. Study results suggest that the NOSE HHT survey is clinically applicable and useful as an outcome measure of future HHT-associated epistaxis trials.
Interactions between PDA-associated polymorphisms and genetic ancestry alter ductus arteriosus gene expression.

DNA polymorphisms in PTGIS and TFAP2B have been identified as risk factors for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in a population composed of preterm infants with European genetic ancestry but not in more genetically diverse populations. To determine if the effects of TFAP2B and PTGIS polymorphisms on ductus arteriosus (DA) gene expression differ based on genetic ancestry. DA from 273 human second trimester fetuses were genotyped for TFAP2B and PTGIS polymorphisms and for polymorphisms distributing along genetic ancestry lines. RT-PCR was used to measure the RNA expression of 49 candidate genes involved with DA closure. Seventeen percent of the DA analyzed were of European ancestry. In multivariable regression analyses we found consistent associations between four PDA-related TFAP2B polymorphisms (rs2817399(A), rs987237(G), rs760900(C), and rs2817416(C)) and expression of the following genes: EPAS1, CACNB2, ECE1, KCNA2, ATP2A3, EDNRA, EDNRB, BMP9, and BMP10, and between the PTGIS haplotype rs493694(G)/rs693649(A) and PTGIS and NOS3. These changes only occurred in DA with European ancestry. No consistent positive or negative associations were found among DA samples unless an interaction between the polymorphisms and genetic ancestry was taken into account. PTGIS and TFAP2B polymorphisms were associated with consistent changes in DA gene expression when present in fetuses with European ancestry.
Beyond the walls of Camden & Islington personality disorder service: a qualitative study of clinical consultation to external services

The Camden and Islington Personality Disorder Service (PDS) increasingly provides clinical consultation to external services. There is a dearth of research on the experience of clinicians deliverin...
A Low-Complexity Flexible Logic-Locking Scheme Resisting Removal Attacks

Logic locking is necessary for protecting intellectual property. Although logic-locking schemes have been proposed to resist the powerful satisfiability (SAT)-based attack, many of them are subject to removal attacks, which identify the logic- locking block and replace its output by the correct signal, so the circuit would function correctly without the right key. In order to prevent removal attacks, the stripped functional logic locking-Hamming distance (SFLL-HD) scheme and its variations corrupt the original circuit and add a logic-locking block to correct the errors. The high-complexity HD checker can be also replaced by the Cascaded(CAS)-lock block. This paper proposes a new low-complexity logic-locking scheme inspired by the Generalized(G)-Anti-SAT block. By relaxing the constraint of the G-Anti-SAT design in the SFLL setting, our new logic-locking scheme reduces the logic complexity by around 37% compared to the M-CAS block with similar resistance to the SAT and removal attacks. Additionally, unlike the SFLL-HD and Mirrored (M)- CAS schemes, the proposed logic-locking block can use a large variation of functions. This makes existing or potential attacks utilizing properties of the logic function impossible.
Serine/threonine kinase inhibition as antifibrotic therapy: transforming growth factor-β and Rho kinase inhibitors

Serine-threonine kinases mediate the phosphorylation of intracellular protein targets, transferring a phosphorus group from an ATP molecule to the specific amino acid residues within the target proteins. Serine-threonine kinases regulate multiple key cellular functions. From this large group of kinases, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) through the serine-threonine activity of its receptors and Rho kinase (ROCK) play an important role in the development and maintenance of fibrosis in various human diseases, including systemic sclerosis. In recent years, multiple drugs targeting and inhibiting these kinases, have been developed, opening the possibility of becoming potential antifibrotic agents of clinical value for treating fibrotic diseases. This review analyzes the contribution of TGF- β and ROCK-mediated serine-threonine kinase molecular pathways to the development and maintenance of pathological fibrosis and the potential clinical use of their inhibition.
Hallucinogen-Related Disorders

This chapter discusses hallucinogen-related disorders, a set of conditions and disorders described within the Substance-Related Disorders section of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. The DSM-5 differentiates between phencyclidine-like substances (e.g., phencyclidine [PCP], ketamine, etc.) and other hallucinogens. The latter includes a number of substances with similar cognitive, perceptual, and psychological effects, despite having different chemical structures and molecular mechanisms (e.g., mescaline, psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]). The clinical vignettes presented highlight a broad range of possible clinical manifestations of hallucinogen use, including acute intoxication and substance-specific use disorders, as well as unique features that distinguish hallucinogens from other psychoactive substances of clinical interest. Acute management and long-term treatment considerations are discussed. The growing body of scientific literature associated with hallucinogen-assisted psychotherapy will be briefly noted but is beyond the scope of this chapter and the nosology presented in the DSM-5.
A Simplified Volleyball Skills Test

(1985). A Simplified Volleyball Skills Test. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 56, No. 5, pp. 20-22.
DESIGN THROUGH MANUFACTURE: A COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN ADVISOR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SUBMARINE HULLS

A computer graphics based advisory system has been developed to aid in the design and manufacture of submarine hulls. The design and manufacture advisor incorporates models of the materials (steel) and processes (bump forming, roll bending, welding, and fixturing) used for the manufacture of the hulls, and allows the user to explore the effect of different material qualities (described in terms of variances of thickness and yield strength), and different manufacturing parameters (punch penetration, punch spacing, and number of fixtures, for example) on the resulting quality (circularity) of the hull section. By "designing through manufacture" in this way, the resulting design of the submarine hull section is not just a geometric representation of the desired shape of the hull; it also incorporates explicit information about the materials and processes used to create the shape, and on the quality that results from the designer's choice of materials and processes.
MN20, a D2 cyclin, is transiently expressed in selected neural populations during embryogenesis

Although the regulation of proliferation and differentiation during brain development has long been considered to be interrelated, the mechanisms that coordinate the control of cell division and histogenesis are poorly understood. The cell cycle is a dynamic process that is governed by the concerted action of numerous cell cycle regulatory proteins in response to signals both intrinsic and extrinsic to the cell. Thus, proteins that regulate the cell cycle are well suited to provide a link between processes that control neuroblast proliferation and differentiation. We reported previously the isolation from brain of a message form of D2 cyclin, one of several cyclin proteins known to promote the progression from G1 to S phase. This MN20/D2 cyclin mRNA is expressed in highly restricted neural populations at embryonic (E) day 15 and postnatal (P) day 6 in the mouse. To gain insight into the role(s) this cyclin may serve in brain formation, the spatial and temporal pattern of MN20/D2 cyclin expression was examined by in situ hybridization at 48 hr intervals from E10.5 to P8. MN20 mRNA was detected in developing cerebellum, dorsal mesencephalon, cerebral cortex, and epithalamus, but not hippocampus, striatum, or thalamus. Comparison with 5-bromodeoxyuridine labeling of cells in S phase indicated that MN20 expression in embryonic cerebellum and cerebral cortex was most pronounced in young neurons that recently had become postmitotic. Although expressed in other embryonic cerebellar neurons, MN20 was detected in granule precursors only postnatally, after their migration from the rhombic lip to the external germinal layer. This indicates that MN20/D2 cyclin is induced in cerebellar granule precursors as they become competent to differentiate. The spatial distribution of MN20 expression in the developing brain suggests that regional differences in cell cycle regulation depend in part on the selective use of cyclin proteins. Moreover, detection of MN20 mRNA in postmitotic neural cells indicates that cyclin D2 expression has effects beyond promoting cell cycle progression and may also have a role in the response of the neural precursor to terminal differentiation signals as the cells exits from proliferation.
Critical Issues in Consultation and Liaison

An increasing number of psychologists are employed in medical settings. The most recent surveys suggest that 8%-10% of American Psychological Association (APA) members are currently working in medical settings (DeLeon, Pallak, & Hefferman, 1982;Dorken, Webb, & Zaro, 1982). This trend toward employment in medical settings appears to be continuing to increase (Stabler & Mesibov, 1984). A primary duty of many of the psychologists in medical settings is the provision of consultation services to various inpatient medical units and outpatient medical clinics.
Contextual effects on word order: information structure and information theory

To account for a type of contextual effect on word order, some researchers propose theme-first (old things first) principles. However, their universality has been questioned due to the existence of counterexamples and the possibility of arguably rheme-first (new things first) languages. Capturing the contextual effects on theme-rheme ordering (information structure) in terms of information theory, this paper argues that word order is affected by the distribution of informativeness, an idea also consistent with counterexamples and rheme-first languages.
Improving microcontroller (MCU) immunity performance to system-level ESD/EFT testing through PCB system co-design methodology

In this paper we described a PCB system co-design modeling methodology that can be implemented, early in the system design phase, to improve system-level immunity performance in the presence of IEC electromagnetic transient disturbances. The methodology is validated through correlation to laboratory measurements on a TI MSP430™ microcontroller PCB system.
Clinical Trial Design for HIV Prevention Research: Determining Standards of Prevention

This article seeks to advance ethical dialogue on choosing standards of prevention in clinical trials testing improved biomedical prevention methods for HIV. The stakes in this area of research are high, given the continued high rates of infection in many countries and the budget limitations that have constrained efforts to expand treatment for all who are currently HIV-infected. New prevention methods are still needed; at the same time, some existing prevention and treatment interventions have been proven effective but are not yet widely available in the countries where they most urgently needed. The ethical tensions in this field of clinical research are well known and have been the subject of extensive debate. There is no single clinical trial design that can optimize all the ethically important goals and commitments involved in research. Several recent articles have described the current ethical difficulties in designing HIV prevention trials, especially in resource limited settings; however, there is no consensus on how to handle clinical trial design decisions, and existing international ethical guidelines offer conflicting advice. This article acknowledges these deep ethical dilemmas and moves beyond a simple descriptive approach to advance an organized method for considering what clinical trial designs will be ethically acceptable for HIV prevention trials, balancing the relevant criteria and providing justification for specific design decisions.
High-frequency disruption of the N-myc gene in embryonic stem and pre-B cell lines by homologous recombination

Abstract Identification of gene function has often relied on isolation of mutant cells in which expression of the gene was inactivated. Gene targeting by homologous recombination in tissue culture now may provide a technology to rapidly and directly produce such mutant mammalian cells. We demonstrate that selection of embryonic stem and pre-B cell lines for expression of a promoterless construct containing murine N-myc genomic sequences fused to a gene encoding neomycin resistance allows highly efficient recovery of variants in which the endogenous N-myc gene is disrupted. The high frequency of N-myc gene disruption by this method should permit targeted disruption of both allelic N-myc copies in various cell lines to study N-myc function.
수녀와 기혼여성의 갱년기증상 호소에 관한 비교연구

【The Purpose of this study is to extend the understanding and knowledge of menopause by comparing menopausal symptoms of married women and nuns in order to improve health and the quality of life for women. In this study a questionnaires were distributed to 116 nuns and 121 married women, from forty to fifty nine years old in Daegu metropolitan city. This study used the measurement of menopausal symptoms (Cronbach's Alpha=0.96) corrected and complemented by this student with consideration of various literature centered around menopausal symptoms, suggested by Janette M. Perz as 51 questions including 4 realms; [mental psychological factors], [physical physiological factors], [eyesight factors], and [urinary generative factors] in order to measure the degree of menopausal symptoms. The results are as follows : 1. There was a significant difference between educational background, religion, occupation, leisure time, satisfaction of marriage or ascetic life, existence of hormonal treatment, name of medical operation, and existence of counselling about menstruation as general and physiological characteristics of the nuns' group and the married women's group. 2. The menopausal symptoms of the nuns' group and the married women's group according to order in which they were presented were; 'feeling tired and lacking in energy(1.71 points)' 'vision not clear or clouded(1.69 points)', and 'be forgetful (1.57 points)' in nuns' group. 'be forgetful (1.87 points)', 'vision not clear or clouded(1.83 points)' and 'feeling tired and lacking in energy(1.76 points)' in the married women's group. The symptoms which showed the highest rank of menopausal symptoms had a maximum score of 4 points. 3. There was a statistical a significance (t=-3.9807, p】
Genetic heterogeneity in affective disorders. Implications for psychobiological research.

The extent of genetic heterogeneity in major affective illness was estimated via three paradigms of single-major-locus inheritance. In the first paradigm bipolar and unipolar disorders were represented at different liability thresholds on a genetic-environmental continuum. The second paradigm incorporated sex-related thresholds into the model, thereby testing the hypothesis that affective illness is a transmitted trait whose phenotypic expression is a function of the individual's sex. The third paradigm included both clinical polarity and sex effect as threshold phenomena. All three paradigms predicted considerable genetic heterogeneity in affective disorders. Bipolar homozygotes were far more common than unipolar homozygotes, although the majority of ill individuals in the first two paradigms were heterozygotes. According to the third paradigm bipolar males had the highest proportion of homozygotes amongst the affected population. Significant increases in nomo-zygosity occurred using the dual mating sampling method. Depending on the model paradigm and parameters these increases were 140–25,000% over the random sample method. The implications for biologic and genetic research in affective disorders were discussed.
Adapting, Resisting, and Negotiating How Physicians Cope with Organizational and Economic Change

The organization and economics of health care in the United States are in the midst of profound change. Yet we know little about how individual physicians cope with and respond to this change on a ...
Epidural cortisone injections in the young athletic adult

The lumbar epidural cortisone injection can be a useful adjunct in the conservative management of the athlete with a sympto matic lumbar disc and associated irritated neural elements. Thirty-two young athletes (ages ranging from 17 to 30 years) with a clinical diagnosis of a symptomatic lumbar disc and sciatica were treated with lumbar epidural cortisone injections. All had had disabling symptoms persisting for a minimum of 2 weeks, with an average duration of 3.6 months. Dramatic abatement of symptoms and a significantly hastened return to competition (a positive response) was seen in 14 (44%) of the 32 athletes following injection. Although the results were en couraging, we found the success rate of this study group to be less dramatic than larger reported series in the general popu lation.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Kelsoene by the Homo-Favorskii Rearrangement

(±)-Kelsoene (4) has been synthesized from 2,5-dihydroanisole in 16 steps in 12.5% overall yield. The key step involves a base-catalyzed reaction of γ-keto tosylate (5), which effects a homo-Favorskii rearrangement to 16 as well as the corresponding intramolecular SN2 product 15 from the enolate of 5. Ketone 15 can efficiently be isomerized to cyclobutanone 17 having the kelsoene carbon skeleton upon acid treatment.
Circadian Clocks: The Tissue Is the Issue

Summary The circadian clock uses a widely expressed pair of clock activators to drive tissue-specific rhythms in target gene expression. A new study sheds light on this tissue specificity by showing that binding of clock activators and tissue-specific transcription factors to closely associated target sites enables cooperative activation of target genes in different tissues.
Localization of myosin II regulatory light chain in the cerebral vasculature

Summary The cytoskeleton of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells is a critical determinant of blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Barrier integrity appears to be particularly sensitive to the phosphorylation state of specific residues within myosin regulatory light chain (RLC), one of two accessory light chains of the myosin II motor complex. Phosphorylation of myosin RLC by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) has been implicated in BBB dysfunction associated with alcohol abuse and hypoxia, whereas dephosphorylation may enhance BBB integrity following exposure to lipid-lowering statin drugs. Using immunohistochemistry we provide evidence of widespread myosin II RLC distribution throughout the cerebral vasculature of the mouse. Light microscopy revealed immunolocalization of myosin II RLC protein in the endothelium of brain capillaries, the endothelial cell layer of arterioles and in association with venules. Immunolabeling of myosin RLC in non-muscle endothelial cells could be distinguished from myosin RLC immunoreactivity associated with the smooth muscle layer of the tunica media in larger muscular arterioles. These findings support an emerging role for myosin II RLC as a component of the actomyosin cytoskeleton of cerebral endothelial cells with the potential to contribute to the selective vulnerability of the brain in vivo .
Politicized Scholarship? Science on Crime and the State

The association between state actions on the one hand and the production of scholarly knowledge about crime and crime control on the other is examined. This article provides an empirical examination on how the polity affects scholarly work. This can occur directly through research funding or indirectly as academic institutions change their internal organization in response to government-induced demand for training (e.g., by creating specialized criminology or criminal justice programs). Multivariate analyses of a sample of 697 scholarly journal articles published between 1951 and 1993 yield several findings. First, authors affiliated with criminology and criminal justice programs focus more strongly on topics and theories suggested by the state than authors from sociology programs (program effect). Second, articles based on funding provided by political agencies are more likely to relate to substantive and theoretical concerns articulated by the state (funding effect), but this effect is less pronounced than the program effect. Third, the relationship between a changing ideological climate and criminological knowledge is almost fully explained through funding and program effects. Finally, scholarly findings, that is conclusions drawn from data and their analysis regarding the validity of theories, are not associated with the institutional variables examined, indicating significant autonomy of the research process proper. Further research on causal links between state actions and scholarly production is warranted.
Fractal model of consolidation of weakly aggregated colloidal dispersions.

A microrheological model for the consolidation of aggregated colloidal dispersion is presented. Interparticle forces are responsible for the formation of the fractal-like network of particles chains. Aggregation is supposed to be weak in that the chains are gradually created and annihilated. In the framework of this model a constitutive equation is proposed which includes linear dependence of the normal stress upon consolidation rate at low stresses and yieldlike behavior as the stress reaches critical value. Our constitutive equation thus generalizes earlier models based on the compressive yield stress concept by taking into account the deformation in the low-compression limit (analog to the Newtonian flow in the low-shear limit). The constitutive equation is employed to calculate numerically concentration profiles of consolidating samples in better agreement with the experimental data for weakly aggregated alumina dispersions. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Imaging of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: self-assessment module.

Received October 29, 2010; accepted without revision December 18, 2010. 1Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 357115, Seattle, WA 98195. Address correspondence to R. S. Iyer (riyer@u.washington.edu). 2Department of Radiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA. AJR 2011; 196:WS62–WS65 0361–803X/11/1966–SW62 © American Roentgen Ray Society ABSTRACT The educational objectives for this self-assessment module are for the participant to exercise, self-assess, and improve his or her understanding of both the imaging and clinical findings of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO).