cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
From Selma, Alabama, to Derry, Northern Ireland: Media Images and their Influence on Civil Rights Demonstrations

Using Ball-Rokeach and DeFleur's Media System Dependency (MSD) theory that during times of conflict the public looks to the media to answer questions ease uncertainty and effect outcomes, this paper will analyze televised images of the U.S. Civil Rights movement and their impact on demonstrations during the Northern Ireland conflict. Matthew Loveless, discussing media effects, said, "The theory of media dependency states that for societies in states of crisis or instability, citizens are more reliant on mass media for information and as such are more susceptible to their effects." Douglas Blanks Hindman studying media system dependency before and after the 9/11 attacks on the U.S., cites Ball-Rokeach & DeFleur, saying, "The media system dependency model suggests that under conditions of ambiguity, as in the case of social system disruptions resulting from natural or human-made disasters, the mass media will become the public's primary information source, and media effects will become more pronounced." This paper will examine information dissemination (televised images of U.S. Civil Rights marches) as a source of power influencing public perception in Northern Ireland and showing street marches an effective form of demonstration, and will specifically focus on televised news coverage of the 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches and their influence on demonstrations in Northern Ireland, 1968-69. Marching as a demonstration technique, mediasavvy leaders and the singing of "We Shall Overcome" will be explored through documented news coverage and anecdotal research.
Abstract 832: Effects of beta-cryptoxanthin on cigarette smoke-induced lung oxidative damage, inflammation and activation of NF-kappa B and AP-1

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL In epidemiologic studies, high intake of beta-cryptoxanthin has been associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer, particularly among current smokers. However, data are not available from well-controlled animal studies to examine the effects of beta-cryptoxanthin on cigarette smoke-induced lung lesions, and the biological mechanisms by which beta-cryptoxanthin might affect lung carcinogenesis. We evaluated the effects of beta-cryptoxanthin supplementation on cigarette smoke-induced squamous metaplasia, inflammation, and changes in protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)] and transcription factors [nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) and activator protein-1 (AP-1)], as well as on smoke-induced oxidative DNA damage [8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)] in the lung tissue of ferrets. Thirty six male ferrets were assigned to cigarette smoke exposure or to no exposure and to no dose, low-dose, or high-dose beta-cryptoxanthin supplementation (2 × 3 factorial design) for 3 months. Beta-cryptoxanthin supplementation dose-dependently increased plasma and lung beta-cryptoxanthin levels in ferrets, whereas cigarette smoke exposure lowered plasma and lung beta-cryptoxanthin levels. Beta-cryptoxanthin at both doses significantly decreased smoke-induced lung squamous metaplasia and inflammation. Beta-cryptoxanthin also substantially reduced smoke-elevated TNF-alpha levels in alveolar, bronchial, bronchiolar and airway serous/mucous gland epithelial cells and in lung macrophages. Moreover, beta-cryptoxanthin decreased smoke-induced activation of NF-kappa B and expression of AP-1 and 8-OHdG. The beneficial effects of beta-cryptoxanthin were stronger for high-dose beta-cryptoxanthin than for low-dose beta-cryptoxanthin. Data from this study indicate that beta-cryptoxanthin provides a beneficial effect against cigarette smoke-induced inflammation, oxidative DNA damage and squamous metaplasia in the lungs. Beta-cryptoxanthin may prevent lung carcinogenesis through its inhibitive effects on lung inflammation and oxidative DNA damage. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 832. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-832
Enzymatic Evidence for Intrinsic Oxytocic Activity of the Pressor-Antidiuretic Hormone

Summary1. It has been shown that trypsin had no effect on the activity of oxytocin but destroyed both the pressor and oxytocic activities of arginine- vasopressin. These conclusions offer enzymatic evidence, in addition to the evidence already obtained from analytical and electrophoretic studies, for the inherent oxytocic activity of arginine-vasopressin. 2. It has also been demonstrated that a lysine-vasopressin preparation possessed oxytocic activity and that this activity was destroyed with the pressor activity by trypsin.
Extension of the College Students' Ideological Education ——Discussion on the Use of Educational Resources in University History Museum

History museum of university containing plenty of educational resources is not only an important place to cultivate talents but also the extension of college students' ideological and essential-qualities-oriented education. This paper carries out an analysis of the main contents and characteristics of history museum with examples, describes the unique advantage of university history museum education, and discusses the way and effect of the ideological education of college students using the history museum education resources.
Exploration About AIDS Interventional Model Among Female Sex Workers In Entertainment Places

Objective To explore the model of comprehensive intervention in female sex workers in entertainment places,and provide a basis for AIDS control and prevention.Methods Female sex workers in entertainment places were intervened by training,peer education,lecture,the free distribution of condoms and handbooks and so on,and were investigated by questionnaires before and after invention.The interventional effect was evaluated.Results After intervention,the AIDS prevention and control knowledge level of the female sex workers increased from the baseline 65.27% to 97.57%,and the proportion of last condom use in commercial sex behaviors increased from 65.52% to 94.65%,the utilization of voluntary counseling and testing(VCT) services increased from the baseline 17.87% to 37.11%,and the proportion of female sex workers who had visited a public hospital increased from 30.41% to 67.61%.Conclusion The comprehensive interventional model,"the owners of entertainment places-Peer Education-sex workers in entertainment places",could effectively improve female sex workers knowledge of STDs/AIDS and in crease the condom use rate.
Methodology of transient simulation in time domain for DG and microgrid(2): modeling,design and implementation

The components of DG and microgrid are analyzed in detail and the requirements of modelingfor transient simulation in general applications are introduced.The modeling method for various DG units isemphasized,based on which,the object-oriented concept is adopted in the design and implementation of thetransient simulation program for DG and microgrid.The hierarchical design is applied to clarify therelationship among computation resource,simulation calculation and advanced application.The detaileddesign of objects and interfaces reduces the program coupling and enhances as well the cohesiveness ofobjects and the reusability of algorithms.The program supports the capabilities of modeling and computationat the circuit and element level,which can be easily extended to different simulation scenarios.
Analysis for occupational health examinations in an automobile company

Objective By occupational health examinations conducted in an automobile company of Daxing,to understand health status of its employees and identify potential risk factors influencing their health,in order to develop strategy for prevention and control of occupational hazards. Methods Data of occupational health examinations for employees exposed to benzene,dust,solvent gasoline were collected and analyzed. Results In total,908 employees were undergone physical examinations,and work-related conditions were found in 28 of them (3. 1% ) and non-work related condition in 299 employees such as elevated blood pressure,fatty liver and abnormal electrocardiograms. Conclusion Serious concerns are aroused on current health status of employees in the company,and it is suggested that health education be strengthened,self-protection consciousness be improved in employees,and regular medical examinations be ensured.
The pediatric knee.

MR imaging has become an indispensable tool in the evaluation of knee disorders. It is now widely relied on by clinicians, especially orthopedic surgeons, for guiding arthroscopic procedures and for staging tumor prior to resection. MR imaging has proved so successful that it has largely replaced arthrography in the evaluation of knee problems.
BIOCHEMICAL AND MODERN IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES | Introduction

This article is reproduced from the previous edition, volume 1, pp 218–228, © 1999, Elsevier Ltd.
Kings and Heirs

In 1980, Maurer coined the phrase king when describing any vertex of a tournament that could reach every other vertex in two or fewer steps. A ( 2 , 2 ) -domination graph of a digraph D , d o m 2 , 2 ( D ) , has vertex set V ( D ) , the vertices of D , and edge u v whenever u and v each reach all other vertices of D in two or fewer steps. In this special case of the ( i , j ) -domination graph, we see that Maurer's theorem plays an important role in establishing which vertices form the kings that create some of the edges in d o m 2 , 2 ( D ) . But of even more interest is that we are able to use the theorem to determine which other vertices, when paired with a king, form an edge in d o m 2 , 2 ( D ) . These vertices are referred to as heirs. Using kings and heirs, we are able to completely characterize the ( 2 , 2 ) -domination graphs of tournaments.
Narrative inquiry as assessment tool: A course case study

In an effort to study assessment as an element in the scholarship of teaching, narrative inquiry was incorporated into a library media management course. Students electronically posted and shared reflections about three course-related critical incidents experienced that semester. A content-analysis matrix was developed to capture: source of conflict/program, source of support, resolution, and demographic information. Central management issues were: human relationships, resource management, and administrative details. The main sources of support were administrators and fellow teachers. Electronic journaling enabled students to: self-assess areas for improvement; and assess peers' situations and problem-solving approaches. Journals helped instructors to assess: 1) students' areas of concern; 2) how students solved critical issues; and 3) degree to which course content dealt with the critical events. The activity also fostered a sense of a community of practice, plus helped link academic coursework and field experience.
Treatment and Control of Hypercholesterolemia and Hypertension in Persons With and Without Diabetes

Our object was to examine whether the frequency of medical treatment for hypercholesterolemia or hypertension and the frequency of control of these conditions were different in persons with and without known diabetes. Subjects 43-86 years of age with (n = 376) and without (n = 4,420) known diabetes participated in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Hypercholesterolemia was defined as a serum cholesterol of ≥6.2 mmol/L or use of lipid-lowering agents, and hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive medications. Those subjects with diabetes had a similar frequency of hypercholesterolemia (42.8% versus 43.3%, P = .22) and a significantly higher frequency of hypertension (73.1% versus 48.3%, P
Chemistry and health effects of furanocoumarins in grapefruit

Furanocoumarins are a specific group of secondary metabolites that commonly present in higher plants, such as citrus plants. The major furanocoumarins found in grapefruits (Citrus paradisi) include bergamottin, epoxybergamottin, and 6′,7′-dihydroxybergamottin. During biosynthesis of these furanocoumarins, coumarins undergo biochemical modifications corresponding to a prenylation reaction catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 enzymes with the subsequent formation of furan rings. Because of undesirable interactions with several medications, many studies have developed methods for grapefruit furanocoumarin quantification that include high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detector or mass spectrometry. The distribution of furanocoumarins in grapefruits is affected by several environmental conditions, such as processing techniques, storage temperature, and packing materials. In the past few years, grapefruit furanocoumarins have been demonstrated to exhibit several biological activities including antioxidative, -inflammatory, and -cancer activities as well as bone health promotion both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, furanocoumarins potently exerted antiproliferative activities against cancer cell growth through modulation of several molecular pathways, such as regulation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, nuclear factor-κB, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT, and mitogen-activated protein kinase expression. Therefore, based on this review, we suggest furanocoumarins may serve as bioactive components that contribute, at least in part, to the health benefits of grapefruit.
Reflective boot camp: adapting LEGO® SERIOUS PLAY® in higher education

AbstractThis qualitative study investigates the experiences of using an adaptation of LEGO® SERIOUS PLAY® as a reflective practice pedagogy with occupational therapy graduate-level students and faculty. LEGO® SERIOUS PLAY® is an innovative facilitated methodology that uses brick-building and metaphoric storytelling as a form of communication and problem-solving. Participants engaged in a four-step kinesthetic experience as a means to achieve a serious objective. Results of the study indicated affirmative participant outcomes that included: accelerated group cohesion; an appreciation for inclusive learning where student voice was amplified; a language for emotional content and deeper meaning-making; and an experiential process using materials that appealed to various learning styles. A small number of participants experienced minor tension with the process provoking unanticipated reflective learning. The results of this study indicate that using the kinesthetic brick modeling methodology for reflective pra...
Feminist Pedagogies and Histories of Choice: Using Student-Led Oral Histories to Engage Reproductive Rights

This chapter explores how engaging feminist pedagogies in a faculty-led, student-driven oral history project can advance social justice learning. Using the case study of Histories of Choice, in which undergraduates interview women and men about their experiences with abortion pre- and post-Roe v. Wade, the authors argue that the application of feminist pedagogies to oral history disrupts conventional interviewer–narrator hierarchies and creates opportunities for developing critical historical thinking and research skills among students. The chapter details the pedagogical and methodological choices that structure each stage of the project, including the recruitment and training of students; locating and interviewing narrators; and transcribing, analyzing, and archiving data. The chapter shows how participation in Histories of Choice pushes students to develop a rich, visceral understanding of reproductive rights history and its relevance for future generations and empowers students to uncover the radical potential of oral history.
A 3-D Analog of Steiner's Porism

Steiner's Porism, the classical result on chains of circles discovered by Jacob Steiner in the nineteenth century, is treasured for its beauty, for its simplicity, and as one of the great applicati...
Discussion of: "Is routine head CT indicated in awake stable older patients after a ground level fall?"

Abstract Background Despite the development of several prediction rules to guide head CT imaging, determining whom to screen for head trauma in the geriatric population after a ground level fall remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of head CT on the management of older adult patients who present with a normal GCS after a ground level fall, and to identify factors that could predict the need for neurosurgical intervention. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on hemodynamically stable patients >55 years of age with GCS of 15, who presented to a level 1 trauma center after a ground level fall. Radiological reads of head CT scans were reviewed for new findings and clinical documentation was analyzed for evidence of a change in management. Univariate analysis of key demographic and clinical factors was performed to probe for statistically significant differences between patients receiving medical management versus surgical management. Results Of 437 patients receiving head CTs, 146 (33.4%) had a positive finding. 95 (21.7%) patients had a change in management; 76 (17.4%) were medication changes and 19 (4.3%) required neurosurgical intervention. Age 85 years and older, and having a neurologic deficit on initial physical examination were found to be significantly associated with the need for neurosurgery. Conclusion The results of this study confirm that head CT findings often alter clinical management of elderly patients presenting with a GCS of 15 after ground level falls, and should be a part of standard evaluation.
Pertussis Vaccination Among Childcare Center Staff, Administrators, and Parents: Uptake, Policies, and Beliefs

Introduction Little is known about childcare staff’s and parents’ uptake of and attitudes towards pertussis vaccine. Methods Questionnaires were distributed to St. Louis parents and childcare staff in fall, 2014. Parents versus staff and vaccinated versus unvaccinated individuals’ beliefs regarding pertussis vaccine were compared using chi square tests. Multivariate logistic regressions were run to develop predictive models for staff’s and parents’ vaccine uptake. Results Overall, 351 parents and staff from 23 agencies participated (response rate = 32%). Parents were more likely than staff to have received pertussis vaccine (66.5 vs. 45.8%, X 2 = 12.5, p < .001). Predictors for staff vaccination included willingness to get vaccinated even if there was a cost (OR 6.6; CI 1.8–24.6; p < .01), awareness of vaccination recommendations (OR 5.2; CI 1.2–22.8; p < .05), and healthcare provider recommendation (OR 4.2; CI 1.2–15.1; p < .05). Parents’ predictors of vaccination included perceived importance of vaccination (OR 9.9; CI 4.1–23.8; p < .001), healthcare provider recommendation (OR 4.6; CI 1.7–12.6; p < .01), believing vaccination is effective (OR 4.4; CI 1.1–18.0; p < .05), and knowing where to get vaccine (OR 3.5; CI 1.5–8.1; p < .01). Among unvaccinated staff (n = 52), 74.5% (n = 38) and 70.0% (n = 35) would receive pertussis vaccine if it were offered free of charge and onsite, respectively. Conclusions for Practice Childcare staff’s and parents’ pertussis vaccine uptake was higher than overall U.S. rates, though significantly lower than the Global Pertussis Initiative target. Implementing an education campaign and providing free vaccine on-site are likely to result in increased vaccine uptake.
The Ideal Overseas Missionary: A Cross-Cultural Comparison:

The transition from home environment to an overseas culture is a difficult one for many overseas missionaries. Many efforts to facilitate cross-cultural adaptation have focused on selection and hav...
Strategic Alliances to Transcend Boundaries and Manage Resources at the Community College of Baltimore County

ABSTRACTThis analysis provides an overview of the Freshman Transition Program at the Community College of Baltimore County (CCBC) and Towson University, which implemented an innovative business model and strategic partnership to successfully transition students from one institution to the other. The Freshman Transition Program provided a second chance to transfer students who successfully completed a portion of their studies at CCBC with the plan to enroll at Towson University. Over a span of 5 years, the Towson University Freshman Transition Program grew from 39 students in the initial cohort to approximately 270 students by the fifth year (McColloch, Mince, Gamble, & Duda, 2013). This study specifically addresses the context which led to the creation and success of the Freshman Transition Program at CCBC and how effective leadership contributes to successful implementation and program outcome achievement. Evidence for this study was gathered through reviewing a detailed program overview and data, an int...
Price and the “Law of Unintended Consequences”

Economics is as much a communicable disease as it is a discipline. Economics is a way of thinking about everything and coming to a better understanding of life. When you catch it, the way of thinking (by way of learning a few basic but powerful economic principles), it is hard not to see most of life’s large and small events as economic puzzles worthy of reflection and solution.
The Mediterranean: Bibliography

The Mediterranean Sea is especially well known, especially those sites which were readily accessible to sport divers. No presentations are made for this area because the sites are so well known and some sites are dealt with in sections dealing with the history of underwater archaeology.
Belief Propagation with Side Information for Recovering a Single Community

In this paper, we study the effect of side information on the recovery of a hidden community of size $K$ inside a graph consisting of $n$ nodes with $K=o(n)$ . We focus on side information with finite cardinality and bounded (as $n\rightarrow \propto$ ) log-likelihood ratios (LLRs). We calculate tight necessary and sufficient conditions for weak recovery of the labels subject to observation of the graph and side information under belief propagation (BP). Also, we show that BP with side information is strictly inferior to the maximum likelihood detector without side information. Finally, we validate our results through simulations on finite synthetic data-sets that shows the power of our asymptotic results in characterizing the performance even at finite $n$ .
Residence Time Distribution (RTD)-Based Control System for Continuous Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Process

During continuous manufacturing, there may be some out of specification tablets that need to be diverted in real time, in order to ensure the quality of the final product. Specifically, the content uniformity of each tablet must be guaranteed before it can be released to market. However, currently, no methods or tools are available that can assure the content uniformity and divert the non-confirming products in real time. The aim of this work is to develop and evaluate a strategy to divert the non-confirming tablets in real time and thereby assure drug concentration of final tablets. This work has been conducted in silico using a combination of MATLAB and Simulink. A methodology to implement a residence time distribution (RTD)-based control system for drug concentration-based tablet diversion which uses the convolution integral was developed and implemented in MATLAB. Comparisons between the performance of “fixed window” and “RTD-based” approaches for diversion have also been presented and used to assess optimal usability. In this work, two novel strategies namely, “fixed window approach” and “RTD-based approach” have been developed and evaluated for real-time diversion of non-confirming tablets. The RTD-based control system was designed, developed, and implemented in silico. A framework for its implementation in a real-time system has also been elaborated on. This methodology was compared to an alternative fixed window approach. The proposed control system is analyzed for various manufacturing scenarios, systems, and disturbances. A comparison of the two proposed strategies suggests that the “RTD-based control system” is more efficient in every simulated scenario. The relative performance is best when the disturbances in the system are characterized by short pulse-like changes.
A1920 × 1080 25FPS, 2.4TOPS/W Unified Optical Flow and Depth 6D Vision Processor for Energy-Efficient, Low Power Autonomous Navigation

This paper presents a unified 6D vision (3D coordinate + 3D motion) processor that is the first to achieve real-time dense optical flow and stereo depth for full HD (1920×1080, FHD) resolution. The proposed design is also the first ASIC that accelerates real-time optical flow computation. It supports a wide search range (176×176 pixels) to enable dense optical flow on FHD images with real-time 25fps/30fps (flow/depth) throughput, consuming 760mW in 28nm CMOS.
Geomorphology and Civil War Combat Photography

Civil War photographers visited the battlefield south of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in the days immediately after fighting had ceased and captured some of the most important images of combat fatalities ever produced. These iconic photographs were shocking to citizens on the home front, and at the same time, they proved immensely popular. To historians, the photographs document the nature of the landscape as well as the dress and physical condition of the soldiers. Unfortunately, the photographers often provided erroneous, vague, or even fraudulent captions and descriptions for their images, much to the confusion of postbellum historians. A century after these photographs were published, local historian William Frassanito used the geomorphology of the battleground, and specifically the unusual mechanical and chemical weathering patterns, systematic joints, and exfoliation forms of the outcropping diabase, to identify the location of many of these photographs. This combination of forensic analysis and geological study also allowed Frassanito to prove that the image many scholars consider the most famous photograph to emerge from the Civil War—Alexander Gardner’s “Rocks could not save him at the Battle of Gettysburg”—was, in reality, staged and the dramatically-positioned cadaver had been transported by the photographer and his assistants across Devil’s Den to a more photogenic location.
Classification of twisted generalized Weyl algebras over polynomial rings

Abstract Let R be a polynomial ring in m variables over a field of characteristic zero. We classify all rank n twisted generalized Weyl algebras over R, up to Z n -graded isomorphisms, in terms of higher spin 6-vertex configurations. Examples of such algebras include infinite-dimensional primitive quotients of U ( g ) where g = gl n , sl n , or sp 2 n , algebras related to U ( sl ˆ 2 ) and a finite W-algebra associated to sl 4 . To accomplish this classification we first show that the problem is equivalent to classifying solutions to the binary and ternary consistency equations. Secondly, we show that the latter problem can be reduced to the case n = 2 , which can be solved using methods from previous work by the authors [17] , [15] . As a consequence we obtain the surprising fact that (in the setting of the present paper) the ternary consistency relation follows from the binary consistency relation.
Impact of Alcohol on Bone Health, Homeostasis and Fracture repair.

Alcohol use continues to rise globally. We review the current literature on the effect of alcohol on bone health, homeostasis, and fracture repair to highlight what has been learned in people and animal models of alcohol consumption. Recently, forkhead box O (FoxO) has been found to be upregulated and activated in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) exposed to alcohol. FoxO has also been found to modulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is necessary for MSC differentiation. Recent evidence suggests alcohol activates FoxO signaling, which may be dysregulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in MSCs cultured in alcohol. This review highlights the negative health effects learned from people and chronic and episodic binge alcohol consumption animal models. Studies using chronic alcohol exposure or alcohol exposure then bone fracture repair model have explored several different cellular and molecular signaling pathways important for bone homeostasis and fracture repair, and offer potential for future experiments to explore additional signaling pathways that may be dysregulated by alcohol exposure.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Intrauterine Adhesions Following Myomectomy

Study Objective To determine the incidence & risk factors for intrauterine adhesions (IUA) following myomectomy. Design Retrospective cohort. Setting Academic practice. Patients or Participants 158 women undergoing robotic (RM), laparoscopic (LM), abdominal (AM) or hysteroscopic (HM) myomectomy between 2007-2017 with post-procedure hysteroscopy within 12 months of surgery were included. Women with a history of IUA were excluded. Interventions IUA's were ranked by two authors as minimal, moderate, or severe. Measurements and Main Results The most common indications for myomectomy were infertility (57%) abnormal uterine bleeding (39.9%), and pain/bulk symptoms (27.8%). The overall incidence of IUA was 10.1% (n=16), 75% of which were categorized as “minimal” and 25% as “moderate”. The incidence of IUA was highest for LM (14.3%), followed by HM (12.0%), AM (9.1%), and RM (8.8%). Women with a history of prior uterine surgery had more IUA's identified (12.5 vs 9.3%). Women with 1 fibroid removed had a similar incidence of IUA as those with 2-4 removed (8.7 vs 8.9%). Those with ≥ 5 fibroids had the highest incidence of IUA (11.9%). Women with at least 1 submucosal fibroid had an incidence of IUA of 14.6%. Those with at least 1 intramural fibroid had an incidence of 11.7%. Fibroids requiring ≥ 4 layers of closure had an IUA incidence of 14.6% compared to requiring Conclusion IUA can occur without intraoperative breech of the uterine cavity. Adenomyosis, 4-layer closure, ≥ 5 fibroids, and history of prior uterine surgery may increase risk for intrauterine adhesion formation, but larger studies are needed to definitively determine risk.
Epidural placement using catheter over needle: a cadaver study.

For decades, the catheter through needle technique has been used for regional anesthesia. The catheter over needle (CON) technique was recently introduced for peripheral nerve[1 2][1] but has not been described for epidural placement. Using CON technique, the needle is removed from the assembly and
Remotely-sensed evapotranspiration for informed urban forest management

Abstract With higher evapotranspiration (ET) rates compared to other urban land covers, urban forests can play an important role in stormwater flood reduction. Effective incorporation of urban forests into stormwater planning and green infrastructure design requires methods that can quantify ET across mixed-land use landscapes but with sufficient spatial resolution for parcel-specific rates. We used Landsat-derived ET from 2000 to 2018 to estimate 30-m annual ET rates across the City of Virginia Beach, USA, a large urban landscape with increasing flood concerns. Our objectives were to compare ET rates across land covers and then identify land attributes and models to explain spatial ET variation. Upland and wetland forests had higher ET compared to urban areas, where wetland forest had annual ET rates 3–4 times that of urban and contributed ca. 40% of total landscape ET despite covering only 20% of the area. These quantified ET rates highlight the disproportional role that urban forests may play in stormwater runoff reduction, and can inform scenarios of land use change to prioritize forest conservation efforts. Relationships between ET rates and aggregated, higher resolution land attribute data indicated key drivers, where ET increased with canopy cover and decreased with impervious cover and water table depth. A regression model combining these drivers explained approximately 70% of ET variation, providing means to downscale ET estimates to further guide stormwater planning at finer spatial scales. Our findings emphasize the importance of urban forests as green infrastructure elements and point to potential approaches to better incorporate them in stormwater planning decisions.
The Salience of Saintliness in Islam: A Sufi Perspective

While materialism largely failed in achieving humanity’s essential goal of attaining happiness in life, as it intensified people’s attachment to the material world, spirituality represents an alternative way towards accomplishing ultimate joy. Multiple approaches have brought the value of spirituality. Classical saintly experience and practice have played a significant role in Islamic spirituality and became in its various forms integrated into social, political, and intellectual life. This paper discusses the ascetic practices of Sufis in approaching the ultimate spiritual goal of inner purification. While classical Sufism’s disciplinary methods have varied significantly across time and place, in many cases, these practices revolve around obedience and asceticism. It then discusses the unique attributes Sufi saints are characterized that speak to the existence of more profound dimensions of reality such as Wilāya and Baraka and their impact on social life.
MDM2 amplification in malignant Brenner tumors may play a role in progression to malignancy and aid in separation from urothelial and other ovarian carcinomas

Summary Malignant Brenner tumor (MBT) is diagnosed in the setting of invasive high-grade carcinoma with urothelial-like morphology and the presence of an adjacent benign Brenner tumor (BBT) or borderline Brenner tumor (BLBT). MDM2 amplification was recently detected by next-generation sequencing on a small number of MBTs, potentially significant for future targeted therapy. Experience is limited, however, and evaluation of widely available MDM2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) has not been performed to determine clinical utility. After confirming all diagnoses morphologically and immunohistochemically, we performed MDM2 IHC on 4 MBTs, 3 BLBTs, 26 BBTs, 142 high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC), 6 ovarian endometrioid carcinomas (OEC) with urothelial-like morphology, and 49 high-grade urothelial carcinomas (HGUC). MDM2 IHC was considered positive with diffuse (>25%) nuclear reactivity; in cases of patchy staining (10–25% nuclear reactivity), MDM2 was considered equivocal. Positive staining in
Implications of Cooperativity and Dimensional Complexity for Immunological Recognition

Concept clarification can play an important facilitating role in the development of theoretical understanding (Mayr). In this chapter, our intent is to explore, and clarify, conceptual issues pertaining to immunological recognition. The first section offers an analysis of the concept of epitope (and related concepts), and the second section reviews our evidence for cooperative binding to multivalent antigen by murine IgG3 antibodies and considers the potential implications of this phenomenon for our understanding of the structural determinants of antibody specificity. We contend that several features of the relationship between antibody and antigen, or more generally, receptor and ligand, defy completely satisfactory description and explanation using standard assumptions, language, and concepts. Specifically, we argue that there are different aspects of epitopeness, including: noncovalent contact, determination of the energy of interaction, and determination of differential energies of interaction between one receptor and two or more ligands. These different dimensions of epitopeness have at times been confounded, and we delineate how the structural correlates of these various aspects of molecular recognition differ. In addition, we identify three key properties of ligand-receptor relationships and discuss the implications of these properties for our conception of epitopes.
Organolithium Catalysis of Olefin and Diene Polymerization

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the organolithium catalysis of olefin and diene polymerization. The lithium and alkyllithium initiation of diene polymerization has, from the earliest times, remained in the shadow of other, apparently more important, initiator systems. The earliest mention of lithium initiation of diene polymerization was in 1910–1913. The development of organometallic initiators, both of the lithium type and of the transition-metal coordination type, occurred rapidly in the decade following the late 1950s. The coordination catalysts were quickly extended to dienes and found to produce the long-sought objective of a “synthetic” natural rubber. Alkyllithium compounds have solubility and stability because of their ability to associate to form aggregates of definite structure. A somewhat different form of delocalization occurs in the case of allylic lithium compounds. The insertion of olefins and conjugated dienes between carbon-bound metals has been well documented in the literature. There are reports in the literature that the higher molecular weight alkyllithium compounds, such as polystyryl- or polyisopropyllithium may be dimeric. Organolithium reagents have been used to prepare random, block, and graft copolymers. When butadiene and styrene are mixed in the presence of an organolithium initiator, the resulting copolymerization process and product will be governed by the reaction conditions.
Sucking action of the left ventricle: Demonstration of a physiologic principle by a gunshot wound penetrating only the right side of the heart

This report describes a man who died after a gunshot wound that entered the right atrium and exited from the right ventricle without entering the cardiac septa or the left side of the heart. At necropsy, the left atrial appendage was found to be inverted and invaginated into the mitral orifice. The invagination of the left atrial appendage is viewed as anatomic evidence that a negative left ventricular pressure was created as the left ventricular volume rapidly decreased as a result of right-sided cardiac exsanguination. Previously reported experiments in animals demonstrating the sucking (negative pressure) action of the left ventricle during ventricular diastole are summarized. The prerequisite for creation of a negative pressure in the ventricles during diastole is an extreme diminution in left ventricular volume, in this case as a result of right-sided cardiac bleeding. Only a vacuum effect of the left ventricle during diastole can explain the inversion and invagination of the left atrial appendage in this patient.
Performance enhancement in a semi-autonomous confined microsociety

Research in a continuously programmed human experimental laboratory has been directed toward identifying, defining, and expanding generalized knowledge concerning motivational factors within the structure of human behavioral repertoires that maintain and enhance performance. Participants (in groups of three) engaged in a series of repetitive work activities (e.g., word sorting and rug-hooking) for extended periods each day, while living continuously in a residential laboratory. Other parts of the day were spent either interacting socially with other participants or engaging in individual recreational activities. The percentage of time devoted to the various work tasks provided the basis for selecting one activity that occurred with high frequency and one with low frequency. Performance of the low-frequency activity was then required in order to gain access to the high-frequency activity. Under such contingencies, time devoted to the original low-frequency activity increased greatly, and the participants consistently did more than the required amount of the low-frequency work than was necessary to restore access to the restricted work activity. The theoretical significance of these findings resides in the clear demonstration that a time-based model of value applies as well to the enhancement of work-like performance as it does to voluntarily selected or preferred recreational activities.
Chapter 43 Agriculture and Human Capital in Economic Growth: Farmers, Schooling and Nutrition

Abstract This survey reviews the existing literature, identifying the contribution of agriculture, schooling, and nutrition to economic growth and development over time and across countries. Particular attention is paid to the roles of improvements in agricultural technology and of the human capital of farmers and farm people. Macroeconomic and microeconomic evidence related to the interactions between human capital, productivity and health are explored. Most of the world's growth in population, labor productivity and real income per capita have occurred over the past 250 years. We show that for most countries, development is a process of conversion from primarily agrarian economies to urban industrial and service economies. The evidence is that positive technology shocks to agriculture have played a key role in igniting a transition from traditional to modern agriculture and to long-term economic growth in almost all countries. Improvements in agricultural technologies improve labor productivity and create surplus agricultural labor that can provide workers for the growing urban areas. In some cases, improved nutrition helps raise labor productivity and allows individuals to work for longer hours, which makes human capital investments more attractive. The induced improvements in the skill level of a population have major implications for raising living standards, improving health standards, and altering time allocation decisions. In most currently poor and middle income countries, improved schooling has been more important than improved nutrition or caloric intake in explaining recent economic growth. Nevertheless, the poorest countries of the world continue to have a large share of their labor force in agriculture, and growth cannot occur until they experience their own agricultural transformation.
Abstract 16440: Cu Transporter ATP7A Protects Against Fibrosis Through Limiting Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition

Background: Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is induced by inflammation and contributes to fibrosis; however, underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Cu plays an important role in physiological processes and pathophysiologies associated with inflammatory diseases. Since excess Cu is toxic, bioavailability of Cu is tightly controlled by Cu exporter ATP7A, which obtains Cu via Cu chaperone, Atox1, and exclude Cu. We reported that Atox1 also functions as a Cu dependent transcription factor. However, role of Cu transport proteins in EndMT is entirely unknown.[[Unable to Display Character: ]] Results: Here we show that TNFα stimulation for 24hr in HUVEC significantly decreased ATP7A protein (80%) and increased intracellular Cu and Atox1 in nucleus, which was associated with shape change forming EndMT. ATP7A depletion with shRNA in EC significantly reduced EC markers (VE-cadherin and VEGFR2) and increased mesenchymal markers (αSMA, Calponin, SM22α, Collagen I/II). ATP7A siRNA also increas...
Cambodians in Long Beach, California

Abstract Long Beach, California is home to the largest population of Cambodians outside Cambodia and is the symbolic and actual center of the worldwide Cambodian diaspora. Despite the significance of this community for both Cambodians and Long Beach, little is known about the social, historical, political, and economic processes leading to its formation. This paper situates the growth of the community within particular historical moments at both national and local levels through a chronological presentation of key events from the 1950s through the 1990s. The paper provides insights into the experiences of a largely refugee population and the new Asian immigration to the United States.
The general motors variation-reduction adviser: evolution of a CBR system

The GM Variation-Reduction Adviser (VRA) was originally conceived and prototyped as a CBR system. Feedback from the users led to a variety of changes in the system. It is emerging now as an application destined for all GM assembly plants. This is a fine "success story." However, the VRA has lost so much of its CBR character that it might be best characterized as a "CBR inspired" system rather than a CBR system. In this paper, we describe the original concept and the user feedback that guided its evolution into its current form. Every "real application" has interesting stories about "what worked" and "what didn't." Here, we share some of these stories about our project.
Two Views of Problem Behavior in Dementia

Abstract Social workers are uniquely qualified to represent and advocate for the “self” of persons with dementia when behavioral problems occur. The “person centered” approach reframes difficult to manage behaviors as “problem solving” rather than “problem creating” in origin. It thereby creates a basis for understanding and intervention by incorporating evidence of the person's remaining coping strengths into clinical practice. So called difficult behaviors are examined as part of the person's near-miss attempts to adapt using old memory in new contextually similar but temporally incorrect situations.
Constitutional Constraints on Punitive Damages: Clarity, Consistency, and the Outlier Dilemma

Almost twenty years ago, the Supreme Court in BMW v. Gore invoked the Due Process Clause for the first time to invalidate a punitive damages award as excessive. Since then, the Court has issued a handful of decisions that further refine Gore’s tripartite guidepost framework. In this article, we draw on a ten-year span of reported state and federal punitive damages decisions in an attempt to evaluate how lower courts have understood and implemented this constitutionalization of punitive damages law. Ours is not a normative analysis about whether the Court should or should not have federalized punitive damages. Rather, we examined our sample of cases to assess three of the Court’s punitive damages due process objectives. First, the guideposts were intended to provide clear and predictable ex ante standards regarding the potential monetary consequences of misconduct. Second, the uniform guidepost standards sought to prevent arbitrary or disparate treatment of punitive damages among the states. Third, the guideposts were designed to curb what the Court perceived as erratically high punitive damages awards. We evaluated and coded each punitive damages case in our collection to test the efficacy of the guidepost analysis in accomplishing each of these goals. Our 507 case sample suggests a high degree of uniformity nationwide in the process by which courts conduct the review of punitive damages awards. Less clear, however, is whether that heightened level of judicial review significantly reduced the inconsistency or unpredictability of punitive damages awards overall.
Accuracy of channel resistance and current gain methods of L/sub eff/ extraction

In this paper, we report a physically based interpretation of the MOSFET effective channel length, L/sub eff/. L/sub eff/ of a MOSFET is usually extracted from measurements of the linear region current gain (1/K method) or the linear region resistance (resistance method) on transistors with different gate lengths. We find that the extracted L/sub eff/ of a submicron lightly doped drain/source (LDD) MOSFET is strongly influenced by diffusion of minority carriers (electrons for NMOSFETs) from the gate-controlled LDD overlap region into the inversion layer. This changes the resistance of the inversion layer at the source/drain ends and thus causes the extracted L/sub eff/ to deviate from the metallurgical channel length, L/sub met/. The impact of minority carrier diffusion is stronger for shorter channel lengths; therefore, the extracted /spl Delta/L(=L/sub gate/-L/sub eff/ where L/sub gate/ is the drawn gate length) increases with decreasing gate length. The choice of gate lengths used in L/sub eff/ extraction will, thus, influence the value for L/sub eff/. MINIMOS 2D simulations have been used to study this effect. The results have been confirmed by actual measurements on submicron LDD MOSFETs. This analysis has been used to select the best choices of L/sub gate/ and bias condition to minimize errors in the measurement of L/sub eff/. >