cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Athletic Training Students' Knowledge of Ethical and Legal Practice with Technology and Social Media

Context: Technology, social media, and access to health care continue to grow simultaneously. There is limited research on the knowledge of athletic training students regarding the ethical and lega...
Patterns of disease progression in patients with local and metastatic breast cancer as evaluated by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging.

Abstract Background Patterns of progressive disease (PD) in patients with local and metastatic sites of breast cancer are poorly described. Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) identifies PD earlier than CT. Methods Thirty-one patients receiving first-line systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) were studied. Data were obtained from original WB-MRI reports. Results First PD was reported at metastatic sites only in 77.4%, and at local and metastatic sites concurrently in 22.6%. None had first PD only in local disease, or clinical PD before PD on WB-MRI. Conclusion Clinical evidence of SACT benefit in local disease may give false reassurance about disease at metastatic sites.
The Truth Shall Set You Free: Explaining Judicial Hostility to the Truth in Lending Act’s Right to Rescind a Mortgage Loan

The Supreme Court is entertaining a divide among the federal circuits over whether the federal Truth in Lending Act (TILA) requires a consumer borrower to file a lawsuit in order to exercise her statutory right to rescind, or cancel, certain types of mortgage loans where the lender fails to disclose information mandated by the statute. Many have commented on the appropriate interpretation of the statute and its implementing regulation, but there is a gap in the academic literature addressing the circuit divide. This article goes beyond interpretation of the relevant statute and regulation to explore and consider unarticulated explanations for the majority-held view. That view holds that TILA implicitly requires a consumer borrower to file a lawsuit to exercise her right to rescind even though the statute expressly provides that written notice is sufficient. Five circuits have imposed this requirement even though Congress did not, explaining that they are constrained by Supreme Court precedent. That precedent is clearly inapposite, because the Supreme Court is reviewing an Eighth Circuit ruling on this issue. This article posits that some evolving trend, beyond stare decisis, underlies the majority circuits’ rulings. Among the possibilities the article explores are: (1) the federal judiciary’s interest in regulating consumer litigation behavior; (2) a paradigm shift in agency deference doctrine, including the reconsideration of Seminole Rock/Auer deference; and (3) disagreement with Congress’s liberalization of common law rescission by statute.
Religion and Spirituality

Religion and spirituality have been found to be important resources for individuals living and coping with HIV/AIDS. These coping methods include spiritual transformation, a belief in a higher power and/or miracles, prayer, and collaboration between the individual and God or a higher power. Studies have found that individuals’ reliance on such methods is associated with greater levels of optimism, hope, self-esteem, social support, and helping others; less emotional distress; lower cortisol levels, which indicate lower stress levels; and longer survival. Individuals may also derive a sense of purpose and of peace from their religious or spiritual beliefs. Increased frequency of church attendance has been found to be associated with keeping current with medical appointments. Among injection drug users, more church attendance has been found to be associated with HIV testing, HIV-positive status, and receiving medical care for HIV, suggesting that the church may be both an important source of support and friendship for injection drug users.
CTROF: A Collaborative Tweet Ranking Framework for Online Personalized Recommendation

Current social media services like Twitter and Sina Weibo have become an indispensable platform, and provide a large number of real-time messages. However, users are often overwhelmed with large amounts of information delivered via their followees, and may miss out on much enjoyable or useful content. An information overload problem has troubled many users, especially those with many followees and thousands of tweets arriving every day. In this case, real-time personalized recommendation plays an extreme important role in microblog, which needs analyzing users’ preference and recommending most relevant and newest content. Both of them pose serious challenges. In this paper, we focus on personal online tweet recommendation and propose a Collaborative Tweet Ranking Online Framework (CTROF) for the recommendation, which has integrated the Optimized Collaborative Tweet Ranking model CTR+ and Reservoir Sampling algorithm together. The experiment conducted on a real dataset from Sina microblog shows good performance and our algorithm outperforms the other baseline methods.
Limb Collapse or Instability? Assessment on Cause of Falls

What causes an older adult to fall? Could the same factor lead to a recurring fall? The purposes of this study sought to address these questions by developing a causal-based assessment method for detection of the initial biomechanical cause of fall, and investigating the causation of 97 falls (out of 195 community dwelling older adults who participated in this study) based on this method. The unrecoverable limb collapse, or unrecoverable instability, along with its point of no return was defined, and the assessment method was established. Both the novel and the second slips of 97 participants who experienced laboratory induced slip related falls were assessed. The results showed that these older adults had more limb collapse (59.8%) initiated falls than instability (40.2%; and 32.0% of which from anteroposterior instability while only 8.2% from mediolateral instability) initiated falls. Interestingly, the majority (86.4%) of those 22 repeated fallers fell twice because of the same cause. These findings shed light on the vulnerability and the causation of recurring falls, which is one of the most challenging healthcare issues that an active but aging population is facing.
Existential authenticity and destination loyalty: Evidence from heritage tourists

Abstract Understanding how tourists interpret authenticity is important for the marketing and management of heritage attractions. By engaging critical debate around the topic of existential authenticity, this study explores the influence of intrapersonal and interpersonal authenticities on cognitive, affective, and conative loyalties in heritage tourism. A survey was conducted at the Yongding Earth Buildings, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in southeastern China. Data analysis of 365 heritage visitors to the site, via PROCESS analysis, indicates that: (1) existential authenticity is an antecedent to tourists’ loyalty toward heritage sites; (2) neither intra- nor interpersonal authenticity directly contributes to conative loyalty; (3) intra- and interpersonal authenticity indirectly impact conative loyalty via cognitive loyalty and/or affective loyalty; and (4) affective loyalty has a stronger effect on conative loyalty than cognitive loyalty. Complementing the latest developments of existential authenticity in tourism, this study brings valuable theoretical insight to the area of heritage destination marketing and management.
Molecule specific normalization for protein and metabolite biomarker discovery

The paper proposes a molecule specific normalization algorithm, called MSN, which adopts a robust surface fitting strategy to minimize the molecular profile difference of a group of house-keeping molecules across samples. The house-keeping molecules are those molecules whose abundance levels were not affected by the biological treatment. The applications of the MSN method on two different datasets showed that MSN is a highly efficient normalization algorithm that yields the highest sensitivity and accuracy compared to five existing normalization algorithms
A epidemiological study of children's dental fluorosis in coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis areas of three counties in Guizhou Province

Objective To explore the changes of children's dental fluorosis before and after implementation of comprehensive prevention and control intervention in coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis areas of Guizhou Province,and to provide a scientific basis for making corresponding prevention and control measures.Methods In 2010,according to a simple random cluster sampling method,1/5 of the villages out of 1/5 of the towns of Zunyi,Kaiyang and Longli Counties,were selected as investigation sites for inspection of dental fluorosis in 8-12 years old children and a longitudinal comparison was done with historical related dental fluorosis (year 1986 and 2000).Dental fluorosis of children was diagnosed by Dean method.Results In Zunyi,Kaiyang and Longli Counties,the detection rates of 8-12 years old children's dental fluorosis were 23.76％(202/850),15.77％ (79/501) and 11.17％(42/376),respectively.The detection rates of dental fluorosis in the 8,9,10,11 and 12 years old age group of children were 11.52％(19/165),17.19％(44/256),20.20％ (81/401),18.61％ (75/403) and 20.72％ (104/502),respectively,and there was no significant difference between groups (x2 =2.90,P ＞ 0.05).The survey results of this investigation in the three counties in 2000 were 34.20％(7 805/22 821),39.77％(1 782/ 4 481),60.88％(2 806/4 609),and the differences were statistically significant between the results of 2010 and 2000(x2 =37.81,110.91,350.76,all P ＜ 0.01).And compared with the results of 1986[34.29％ (9 463/27 596),36.30％ (2 708/7 460),35.72％ (1 896/5 308)],the difference of Zunyi County was not statistically significant (x2 =0.045,P ＞ 0.05),but for Kaiyang and Longli the differences were statistically significant(x2 =14.35,626.39,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The effect of comprehensive prevention and control intervention is very obvious.In the 3 counties,the incidence rates of 8-12 years old children's dental fluorosis are already dropped to below 30％ of the control standard.Subsequent management should be carried out and the state of disease should be evaluated for organization-assessment acceptance in accordance with relevant hygiene standards in a planned way. Key words: Fluorosis,dental; Coal; Fluoride poisoning; Data collection; Outcome evaluation
Semi-analytic Expressions for the Isolation and Coupling of Mixed Modes

In the oscillation spectra of giant stars, nonradial modes may be seen to undergo avoided crossings, which produce a characteristic "mode bumping" of the otherwise uniform asymptotic p- and g-mode patterns in their respective echelle diagrams. Avoided crossings evolve very quickly relative to typical observational errors, and are therefore extremely useful in determining precise ages of stars, particularly in subgiants. This phenomenon is caused by coupling between modes in the p- and g-mode cavities that are near resonance with each other. Most theoretical analyses of the coupling between these mode cavities rely on the JWKB approach, which is strictly speaking inapplicable for the low-order g-modes observed in subgiants, or the low-order p-modes seen in very evolved red giants. We present both a nonasymptotic prescription for isolating the two mode cavities, as well as a perturbative (and also nonasymptotic) description of the coupling between them, which we show to hold good for the low-order g- and p-modes in these physical situations. Finally, we discuss how these results may be applied to modelling subgiant stars and determining their global properties from oscillation frequencies. We also make our code for all of these computations publicly available.
Searching Covid-19 by linguistic register: Parallels and warrant for a new retrieval model

Keeping informed given rapid trend in data and resources about covid-19 is a new challenge. Different user groups (researchers/doctors, practitioners, public) vary in linguistic expression and vocabulary so a new retrieval framework might likewise vary to improve retrieval, expose unanticipated concepts, and establish a sustainable research stream. In this project a document collection about covid-19 was created, parsed according to ISO12620's definition of linguistic register, and retrieval sets compared. Results suggest trends from other fields parallel register-oriented criteria; project exposes unexpected concepts across groups, uses of visualization, and warrants ling-register as a sustainable IR research stream.
LiMiT: The Literal Motion in Text Dataset.

Motion recognition is one of the basic cognitive capabilities of many life forms, yet identifying motion of physical entities in natural language have not been explored extensively and empirically. We present the Literal-Motion-in-Text (LiMiT) dataset, a large human-annotated collection of English text sentences describing physical occurrence of motion, with annotated physical entities in motion. We describe the annotation process for the dataset, analyze its scale and diversity, and report results of several baseline models. We also present future research directions and applications of the LiMiT dataset and share it publicly as a new resource for the research community.
How the Structure of Benefits for Sustainably Raised Seafood May Differ in the USA: Implications for Wider Market Adoption

Not only does sustainably raised seafood play a role in meeting the world’s growing need for protein, but it can also do this in an environmentally and socially responsible way. Even though the Uni...
Effect of Vasopressin Dose on Hemodynamic Response in Obese Patients With Septic Shock: A Retrospective Observational Study:

BackgroundNo clear association between standard vasopressin doses and body mass index exists, despite potential pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability among patients with septic shock. It ...
Comparative ecology and historical biogeography of the genus Brachyrhaphis

Phylogenetic systematics was used to reveal micro-evolutionary processes and macro-evolutionary patterns that have resulted in the current distribution of species of the live-bearing fish genus Brachyrhaphis. A previously constructed molecular phylogeny for the genus determined that two distinct clades, deep-bodied and slender-bodied, exist within the genus. Micro-habitat variables were measured for all extant members of the genus. Water flow differed significantly between the clades and was converted to a discrete variable and, along with elevation and micro-habitat type, mapped onto the phylogeny for the genus. The evolution of micro-habitat choice was hypothesized using these results. A detailed distribution map was constructed to unveil biogeographic patterns and was also interpreted in light of the molecular phylogeny. The phylogeny was then used to construct an area cladogram. This cladogram was compared to the one derived from paleogeography. The molecular-based area cladogram adds to the growing database required to resolve the biogeography of the Caribbean.
Longevity and Quality of Life

My paper is in praise of longevity and is also a tribute to old age. When little Joachim-Alexandre, whom you’ve just seen, reaches my age, he will still be young.
Edema of the Pulmonary Interstitium in Infants and Children

Ten infants and children with respiratory failure, receiving standard maintenance water requirements, were treated on 13 occasions with intravenously given furosemide (1 to 2 mg/kg) because of continued impairment of oxygenation despite conventional therapy. Pulmonary auscultation and radiographs were normal or typical of the primary diagnosis. After a five-fold increase in urine output the mean Po2 rose from 61 mm Hg at a mean FiO2 of 0.7 to 140 mm Hg at an FiO2, of 0.65. The Pco2 decreased from 46 to 38 mm Hg. Interstitial pulmonary edema in these patients can be related to both their lung disease and impaired water tolerance during ventilatory therapy.
Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Cardiovascular disease remains the most common cause of disease-related death in the United States, resulting in approx 1 million deaths per year. It is estimated that 400,000–460,000 Americans will die from cardiac arrest (CA) each year, nearly 90% in prehospital settings (1,2). Data regarding the incidence of unexpected childhood cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) is less robust, but the best recent data suggest that approx 16,000 American children suffer a CA each year with an annual incidence of roughly 20 out of 100,000 children (3,4).
The Sequential Analysis of Group Interaction and Critical Thinking in Online Threaded Discussions

The purpose of this study was to examine group interaction and critical thinking in online threaded discussions. The Discussion Analysis Tool (DAT) was used to identify patterns in interactions and...
Perceptions of evaluation in longitudinal versus traditional clerkships.

Medical Education 2011: 45: 464–470 Objectives Methods for evaluating student performance in clerkships traditionally suffer shortcomings, partly as a result of clerkship structure. The purpose of this study was to compare preceptors’ and students’ perceptions of student evaluation in block clerkships and longitudinal integrated clerkships (LICs). Methods From 2007 to 2009, preceptors who taught on both block clerkships and an LIC were surveyed on their perceptions of clerkship evaluation. Year 3 students were surveyed on their perceptions of clerkship evaluation at the year end. Responses from preceptors who completed both block clerkship and LIC surveys were compared using paired-samples t-test; student responses were compared using independent-samples t-test. Results Overall, 66% (67/102) of block clerkship and 75% (77/102) of LIC preceptors responded; 44% of preceptors (45/102) completed both block and LIC surveys. In total, 62% (68/110) of block clerkship and 83% (19/23) of LIC students responded. Both preceptors and students favoured evaluation in the LIC on three factors (p ≤ 0.01): validity of evaluation process, quality of clinical skill evaluation, and willingness to provide constructive feedback. Conclusions Preceptors and students perceived evaluation in an LIC more favourably than evaluation on block clerkships. For educators working to improve student evaluation, further examination of the LIC structure and evaluation processes that seem to enhance both formative assessment and summative evaluation may be useful to improve the quality of evaluation and feedback.
Anthrax ( Bacillus anthracis ), Molecular Biology of

Bacillus anthracis , the causative agent of anthrax, has been a subject of research for over 150 years, beginning with the work of Rayer and Davaine who found “small filiform bodies” in the blood of anthrax-infected sheep and, from this finding, coined the term bacteria. Several years later, Koch proved conclusively that B. anthracis was the causative agent of anthrax, providing the first demonstration that a disease was caused by a specific bacterium. He later developed the first live attenuated bacterial vaccine with a heat-attenuated strain of B. anthracis . Despite its illustrious beginnings as a subject of research, an understanding of the molecular biology of B. anthracis has lagged behind that of some other bacteria. Bacillus anthracis has recently come back into focus as a target of research with the goal of being able to readily detect this bacterium in environmental samples and to understand its pathogenesis and evolution better. Keywords: Spore; Phagosome; Endocytosis; Transposon; Virulence Factor; Regulon
Purification and characterization of a NADP+/NADPH-specific flavoprotein that is overexpressed in FdI- strains of Azotobacter vinelandii

Abstract Earlier studies have established that mutant strains of Azotobacter vinelandii that do not synthesize ferredoxin I (AvFdI) overexpress another protein designated Protein X (Morgan, T. V., Lundell, P. J., and Burgess, B. K. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 1370-1375). This protein has now been purified using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis as an assay. The purified protein is a monomer with M(r) approximately 29,000 which degrades slowly to a specific M(r) approximately 22,000 form when stored in solution. The native protein is bright yellow and contains noncovalently attached FAD that is reduced by either dithionite or NADPH without formation of a stable semiquinone. Titration with NADP+/NADPH gives an E0' value of approximately -327 mV versus SHE. Because this E0' is so close to that of the NADP+/NADPH couple it is not clear if Protein X is an NADPH oxidase or an NADP+ reductase in vivo. Comparison of the NH2-terminal sequence and other properties of Protein X with those of other proteins, suggests that it is likely to be related to the Escherichia coli ferredoxin NADP+ reductase (the fpr gene product), and affinity chromatography shows that Protein X binds specifically to AvFdI.
Acupuncture and relaxation response for craving and anxiety reduction among military veterans in recovery from substance use disorder

Background and Objectives Substance use disorder (SUD) is a major health issue, especially among military veterans. We previously reported the effects of auricular acupuncture and the relaxation response (RR) on reducing craving and anxiety following 10-week interventions among veterans who were in recovery from SUDs. Our current analysis examines effects following each intervention session and RR daily practice. Methods We conducted a three-arm randomized controlled trial on residents of a homeless veteran rehabilitation program. Sixty-Seven enroled participants were randomly assigned to acupuncture (n = 23), RR (n = 23), or usual care (n = 21). Participants in the two intervention groups rated their degree of craving for substance on a scale of 1–10 and anxiety levels on a scale of 1–4 (total score 20–80) before and after each intervention session. Mixed effects regression models were used for analysis. Results Craving and anxiety levels decreased significantly following one session of acupuncture (−1.04, p = .0001; −8.83, p < .0001) or RR intervention (−.43, p = .02; −4.64, p = .03). The level of craving continued to drop with additional intervention sessions (regression coefficient b = −.10, p = .01, and b = −.10, p = .02 for acupuncture and RR groups, respectively). Number of daily practice days of RR-eliciting techniques is also associated with reduction in craving ratings (b = −.02, p = .008). Conclusions Findings demonstrate the value of attending regular acupuncture and RR-eliciting intervention sessions, as well as the daily practice of RR-eliciting techniques. Scientific Significance Substance addiction is a complex disease and effective treatment remains a challenge. Our study findings add to the scientific evidence of these two non-pharmaceutical approaches for SUD. (Am J Addict 2014;23:129–136)
On the necessity of the small-gain theorem in the performance analysis of nonlinear systems

A simple example illustrates the fact that robust stability need not imply performance for general nonlinear systems, namely, it is possible to have robust stability even when the conditions of the small-gain theorem are violated. This example motivates the introduction of a new performance measure called conditional gain, and it is shown that the conclusion of the classical small-gain theorem remains valid when the gain condition on one of the systems in the feedback connection is replaced with the weaker conditional gain condition. It is then conjectured that the necessity of the small-gain theorem can be recovered for nonlinear systems when this notion of conditional gain is used as the performance measure.
Gender Differences in Preferences for Singles Ads that Proclaim Extrinsic Versus Intrinsic Values

Two studies (Ns = 1,113 and 98) examined University men and womens’ differing preferences for singles ads as a function of the values declared by ad-writers, using Kasser and colleagues’ distinction between extrinsic values (financial success, status/fame, and image/attractiveness) and intrinsic values (emotional intimacy, community contribution, and personal growth). In general, participants preferred writers espousing intrinsic values. Women, compared to men, especially preferred partners espousing intrinsic values. They also expressed less interest in partners espousing extrinsic values, with one exception: compared to men, they were more interested in partners espousing financial success values. Implications for debates regarding the evolved versus sociological origins of gender differences are discussed, as well as implications for theories of attraction based on the matching hypothesis.
The 5-HT transporter transactivates the PDGFβ receptor in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells

Serotonin (5-HT) stimulates smooth muscle cell growth through 5-HT receptors and the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT), and has been associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) have also been associated with PH. We present evidence for the first time that 5-HT transactivates PDGFRbeta through the 5-HTT in pulmonary artery (PA) SMCs. Inhibition of PDGFR kinase with imatinib or AG1296 blocks 5-HT-stimulated PDGFRbeta phosphorylation. 5-HTT inhibitors and the Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor ouabain, but not 5-HT2 and 5-HT1B/1D receptor inhibitors, block PDGFRbeta activation by 5-HT. Notably, 5-HTT binds the PDGFRbeta upon 5-HT stimulation and the 5-HTT inhibitor fluoxetine blocks both the binding and PDGDRbeta activation. Activation of PDGFRbeta may occur through oxidation of a catalytic cysteine of tyrosine phosphatase. 5-HT-activated PDGFRbeta phosphorylation is blocked by the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine and the NADPH oxidase inhibitor, DPI. Inhibition of PDGFR kinase with imatinib or AG1296 significantly inhibits SMC proliferation and migration induced by 5-HT in vitro. Infusion of 5-HT by miniosmotic pumps enhances PDGFRbeta activation in mouse lung in vivo. In summary, these results demonstrate that 5-HT transactivates PDGFRbeta in PASMCs leading to SMC proliferation and migration, and may be an important signaling pathway in the production of PH in vivo.
Hyphal branching systems in Phytophthora and other phycomycetes

The hyphal branching systems at the periphery of a fungal colony growing on cleared V-8 juice agar medium were analyzed quantitatively. A comparative study of Phytophthora cactorum, cinnamomi, P. megasperma, Pythium aphanidermatum, Saprolegnia ferax, Mucor hiemalis and Rhizopus homothallicus indicated that the characteristics of a hyphal branching system might be useful in taxa delineation.
Plastid differentiation on 6-azauracil media

Les mutants au locusm de l'Arabidopsis ne reussissent pas a former de chloroplastes normaux dans certaines conditions et montrent des activites plus hautes en synthese de pyrimidines que le temoin. La nutrition aseptique par 6-azauracile, inhibiteur specifique de cette voie metabolique, restaure la differenciatin de structure lamellaire dans la plupart de ces organites, mais aux concentrations elevees, apparaissent des chloroplastes morphologiquement deviants, quoique de fonction efficace.
Influence of coadsorbed potassium on the electron-stimulated desorption of F+, F-, and F* from PF3 on Ru(0001).

The electron-stimulated-desorption ion angular distributions (ESDIAD) of positive ions, negative ions, and metastable species from ${\mathrm{PF}}_{3}$ and K coadsorbed on a Ru(0001) surface are measured. In the absence of K, only positive- and negative-ion ESDIAD is observed, showing highly anisotropic, off-normal fluorine-ion emission (${\mathrm{F}}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{F}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$) from ${\mathrm{PF}}_{3}$, which demonstrates that PF bonds are inclined away from the surface normal. In the presence of K, ESDIAD patterns of ${\mathrm{F}}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{F}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, and metastable ${\mathrm{F}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ display only normal emission, suggesting a reorientation or chemical reaction which results in fluorine bonding perpendicular to the surface. Thermal desorption spectrometry, Auger electron spectroscopy, and soft-x-ray photoemission (SXPS) are used to determine the surface chemistry as an aid in intepreting the ESDIAD results. The SXPS data show that in the presence of potassium, ${\mathrm{PF}}_{3}$ dissociates, possibly forming KF-like species, which suggests that an alkali-metal-induced chemical reaction is reponsible for the changes observed in ESDIAD. The yields of the various desorbed fluorine species vary strongly with potassium coverage; the results for ${\mathrm{F}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ and ${\mathrm{F}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ are interpreted in terms of a charge-transfer model.
Effect of nitric acid on the extraction of iron with tri-n-octylphosphine oxide

Abstract Nitric acid prevents the complete extraction of iron from a chloride medium with tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO).
The effect of perceived planning and propriety on the effectiveness of leadership accounts

Subjects were given the written description of an erroneous decision made by a library director, followed by a number of accounts the leader might have given, and were asked to rate the accounts on acceptability and leadership. Results showed that the subject's perception of the decision's propriety and planning affected both the ratings of acceptability and leadership. The data were discussed in terms of methodological problems and future research directions.
The New Centurions

The current group of young people entering the workforce belong to the so-called "millennial generation". Each generation has certain characteristics that have defined its interaction with the world; the millennials have been called the "Net generation". They are the first generation that has never known life without the Internet. As a result of their protected, structured, and positively reinforced upbringing, the millennials are an exceptionally accomplished, positive, upbeat, and optimistic generation. The millennials are the quintessential multitaskers, and they are used to having the world at their fingertips through online search engines. If organizations use the best of the millennials' traits and effectively embrace the less appealing ones, they will undoubtedly emerge stronger and more prepared for the future.
Dissolved organic carbon in interstitial waters from sediments of Middle Valley and Escanaba Trough, Northeast Pacific, ODP Legs 139 and 169

Oxidation measurements of nonvolatile dissolved organic carbon (DOC) have been determined by high temperature combustion for pore waters from sediments of Middle Valley and Escanaba Trough, Northeastern Pacific, sampled by the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Legs 139 and 169, as well as for overlying and near bottom seawater. The DOC values in the interstitial waters are generally greater than those in the overlying water column, ranging from 0.1 to 158 mg of C per liter (mg C/L). Some of the profiles of DOC in the pore waters are similar to total organic C and total inorganic C profiles. DOC maxima at shallow depths of Site 858 are probably enriched due to higher temperature alteration of organic matter. At Sites 856 and 1035, the DOC increases at greather depths due to the hydrothermal activity. The DOC values correlate with MnO and MgO profiles in Hole 856B. The changes below 30 mbsf in the DOC depth profiles of Sites 858 and 1036 parallel those of the volatile hydrocarbon gases. The reference Site 1037 in Escanaba Trough has DOC values that increase with depth according to the increase in thermal stress.
DNA nanotechnology: Hot and sticky or cold and aloof.

DNA provides more than lock-and-key control of assembly. Careful engineering of hairpins and loops provides the means to control the kinetics of particle assembly, allowing structures to be 'glued' together by heating.
An electron microscopic study of the closure of the optic fissure in the golden hamster

During early development of the mammalian eye, invagination and differential growth result in the formation of a cleft, the optic fissure, through which the hyaloid artery reaches the interior of the optic cup. Closure of this fissure was studied by electron microscopy in hamster embryos from days 10 through 12 of gestation. Closure occurred only when and where the basal lamina, which invests the entire wall of the optic cup, had disappeared. No morphological evidence was found that indicated a mechanism for the breakdown of the basal lamina lining the fissure, the fusion of surface cells of opposing sides and restoration of the basal lamina along inner and outer margins of the wall after closure. While in previous light microscopic investigations of the developing human eye eversion of the inner layer into the fissure has been reported, an inversion of the outer layer was found in this study. During inversion cells of the outer layer temporarily changed their orientation. While most of these cells remained within the layer when it returned to its normal position, some cells became separated and degenerated. Inversion of the outer layer, breakdown of the basal lamina and degeneration of superfluous cells appear to be necessary events for a normal closure to occur.
Sickle cell anemia causes a distinct pattern of glomerular dysfunction

Sickle cell anemia causes a distinct pattern of glomerular dysfunction. We characterized glomerular function in adults with sickle cell anemia (SSA): 12 with normal renal function (SSA-controls), and 15 with renal insufficiency (SSA-CRF). GFR was similar in SSA-controls and healthy-controls, however, renal plasma flow was increased in SSA-controls. In SSA-CRF, the albumin and IgG excretion rates were enhanced. The fractional clearances of all dextran sizes (26 to 64 Å) were significantly increased in both SSA-controls and SSA-CRF versus healthy-controls. In SSA-CRF, the fractional clearance of dextrans >58 Å was enhanced. Analysis with an "isoporous+shunt" model revealed an increase in the mean restrictive pore radius (ro) by 5 Å in SSA-controls and SSA-CRF, versus healthy-controls. In SSA-CRF, the total number of membrane pores was reduced > 70%, and the shunt parameter increased twofold. We conclude that SSA patients have a distinct pattern of glomerular dysfunction with generalized increased permeability to dextrans, resulting from an increase in pore radius. When CRF develops, the total number of membrane pores is reduced, and a size-selectivity defect occurs. The changes in dextran permeability cannot be attributed to purely hemodynamic changes (increased RPF or low filtration fraction), or to known modulators of membrane porosity. These findings suggest that unique mechanism(s) are implicated in the pathogenesis of sickle glomerulopathy.
Higher plant Ca(2+)-ATPase: primary structure and regulation of mRNA abundance by salt.

Abstract Calcium-dependent regulatory mechanisms participate in diverse developmentally, hormonally, and environmentally regulated processes, with the precise control of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration being critical to such mechanisms. In plant cells, P-type Ca(2+)-ATPases localized in the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum are thought to play a central role in regulating cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations. Ca(2+)-ATPase activity has been identified in isolated plant cell membranes, but the protein has not been characterized at the molecular level. We have isolated a partial-length cDNA (LCA1) and a complete genomic clone (gLCA13) encoding a putative endoplasmic reticulum-localized Ca(2+)-ATPase in tomato. The deduced amino acid sequence specifies a protein (Lycopersicon Ca(2+)-ATPase) of 1048 amino acids with a molecular mass of 116 kDa, eight probable transmembrane domains, and all of the highly conserved functional domains common to P-type cation-translocating ATPases. In addition, the protein shares approximately 50% amino acid sequence identify with animal sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPases but less than 30% identity with other P-type ATPases. Genomic DNA blot hybridization analysis indicates that the Lycopersicon Ca(2+)-ATPase is encoded by a single gene. RNA blot hybridization analysis indicates the presence of three transcript sizes in root tissue and a single, much less abundant, transcript in leaves. Lycopersicon Ca(2+)-ATPase mRNA levels increase dramatically upon a 1-day exposure to 50 mM NaCl. Thus this report describes the primary structure of a higher-plant Ca(2+)-ATPase and the regulation of its mRNA abundance by salt stress.
Paper Coatings: High Performance Composites?

A pigmented paper coating is a composite material made of pigment, polymeric binder and microvoids. Its structure is designed to meet a difficult balance of optical, mechanical and fluid transport properties. The coating must be opaque and bright. It should withstand in-plane and out-of-plane stresses during calendering, printing, and converting operations. It should allow controlled movement of liquids and fluids during high speed printing and glueing. The structure of paper coatings is examined and relationships between surface and bulk structural parameters and end-use properties are discussed. Namely, it is shown how pigment size and size distribution, its shape and orientation, the colloidal interactions between pigment and binder in the suspension all affect the final structure and properties. Finally, the profound influence of the porous network on the optical, mechanical and printing properties is emphasized.
A phaseless near-field measurement technique for antennas with an internal source

Modern wireless devices are increasingly becoming completely integrated, where all components from the source to the antenna are included in the overall design. From a design and manufacturing standpoint this is quite advantageous, however, from a testing and measurement standpoint, verifying performance can be complicated, especially when characterizing the antenna. In conventional antenna measurements, an input signal is applied directly to the input of the antenna where its radiation is measured using a measuring probe at a certain far field distance from the antenna. This input signal is usually referenced using a network analyzer or similar transceiver system to determine the amplitude and phase captured by the measuring probe. In conventional near-field measurements, this referenced signal is required because both amplitude and phase must be measured to allow calculation of the far-field radiation pattern from the measured near fields.
INTERLEUKIN-6 CORD PLASMA LEVELS ARE INCREASED IN INFANTS WITH MATERNAL GBS COLONIZATION. † 1755

INTERLEUKIN-6 CORD PLASMA LEVELS ARE INCREASED IN INFANTS WITH MATERNAL GBS COLONIZATION. † 1755
Topical Ciprofloxacin Treatment of Pseudomonas Keratitis in Rabbits

• Ciprofloxacin is a new quinolone antibiotic that is highly active in vitro againstPseudomonas aeruginosa. A rabbit model of bacterial keratitis was used to assess the in vivo efficacy of topical ciprofloxacin. Albino rabbits received intrastromal injections of 5 × 102aminoglycoside-resistantP aeruginosaorganisms. At five hours after inoculation, ciprofloxacin (3 mg/mL) therapy was initiated (one drop every 30 minutes for 12 hours). Corneal tissue was then excised for bacterial colony counts. No organisms were recovered from ciprofloxacin-treated eyes, compared with an average of 3.1 × 107organisms per milliliter recovered from untreated controls. This model suggests that topical ciprofloxacin may be clinically useful in the treatment of aminoglycoside-resistantP aeruginosakeratitis.
HYDRODYNAMICS AND MASS TRANSFER IN BUBBLE COLUMNS: EFFECT OF SOLIDS

Abstract The hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a large diameter bubble column (Dc 0.305 m), specifically, the effects of gas velocity and the presence of solids on the gas holdup structure, gas-liquid interfacial area, and volumetric mass transfer coefficients in viscous as well as low viscosity solutions are studied. The sulfite oxidation technique was employed to measure the gas-liquid interfacial area. Volumetric mass transfer coefficients were measured using a chemical method (sulfite oxidation) as well as physical absorption of oxygen from air, and the overall gas holdups were measured using the hydrostatic head technique. The effect of solids on the gas holdup structure was examined using the dynamic gas disengagement method. With the addition of polystyrene particles, the gas-liquid interfacial area decreased for low viscosity systems, whereas it increased for viscous systems. This was shown to be due to the effect of solids on bubble coalescence. The wettability characteristics of solid surfaces ...
Freeze-fracture ultrastructure of the perinodal astrocyte and associated glial junctions

Freeze-fracture examination of nodes of Ranvier from adult rat optic nerve demonstrates the presence of astrocytic processes at the majority of nodes of Ranvier. Astrocytic processes often run along the entire length of the nodal gap, although they do not necessarily encircle the entire nodal circumference. The E- and P-fracture faces and the cross-fractured cytoplasm of these astrocytes (termed 'perinodal astrocytes') were examined. The cytoplasm of perinodal astrocytes contains 10-nm filaments. The P-faces of perinodal astrocytic membranes are characterized by orthogonal arrays of intramembranous particles ('assemblies'), with a center-to-center periodicity of approximately equal to 6 nm. Complementary orthogonally arranged pits are observed on the E-faces of the astrocytic membranes. The density of these arrays in perinodal astrocytic membranes is similar to that in parenchymal astrocytic membranes, but is substantially lower than that at pericapillary astrocytic membranes. In addition, gap junctions are present between astrocytes, and between astrocytes and paranodal oligodendroglial layers. These findings indicate that astrocytic processes comprise an important structural component of central nodes of Ranvier, and provide a morphological basis for a possible astrocytic role in nodal function.
Risk factors associated with the presence and severity of food insecurity in rural Honduras.

Objective To identify factors associated with the presence and severity of food insecurity among a sample of Honduran caregivers of young children. Design Cross-sectional study in which the dependent variable, household food insecurity, was measured using a fourteen-item questionnaire developed and validated in a population of similar cultural context. A predictive modelling strategy used backwards elimination in logistic regression and multinomial logit regression models to compute odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for food insecurity. Setting Rural Honduras in the department of Intibuca, between March and April 2009. Subjects Two-hundred and ninety-eight Honduran caregivers of children aged 6-18 months. Results Ninety-three per cent of households were classified as having some degree of food insecurity (mild, moderate or severe). After controlling for caregiver age and marital status, compared with caregivers with more than primary-school education, those with less than primary-school education had 3·47 (95% CI 1·34, 8·99) times the odds of severe food insecurity and 2·29 (95% CI 1·00, 5·25) times the odds of moderate food insecurity. Our results also found that child anthropometric status was not associated with the presence or severity of food insecurity. Conclusions These results show that among the sociodemographic factors assessed, food insecurity in rural Honduras is associated with maternal education. Understanding key factors associated with food insecurity that are unique to Honduras can inform the design of interventions to effectively mitigate the negative impact of food insecurity on children.
Revolutionary versus Traditionalist Approaches to Kant: Some Aspects of the Debate

The interpretation of Kant's Critical philosophy as a version of traditional idealism has a long history. In spite of Kant's and his commentators’ various attempts to distinguish between traditional and transcendental idealism, his philosophy continues to be construed as committed (whether explicitly or implicitly and whether consistently or inconsistently) to various features usually associated with the traditional idealist project. As a result, most often, the accusation is that his Critical philosophy makes too strong metaphysical and epistemological claims.In his The Revolutionary Kant, Graham Bird engages in a systematic and thorough evaluation of the traditionalist interpretation, as part of perhaps the most comprehensive and compelling defence of a revolutionary reading of Kant's thought. In the third part of this special issue, the exchanges between, on the one hand, Graham Bird and, on the other, Gary Banham, Gordon Brittan, Manfred Kuehn, Adrian Moore and Kenneth Westphal focus on specific aspects of Bird's interpretation of Kant's first Critique. More exactly, the emphasis is on specific aspects of Bird's interpretation of the Introduction, Analytic of Principles and Transcendental Dialectic of Kant's first Critique.The second part of the special issue is devoted to discussions of particular topics in Bird's construal of the remaining significant parts of the first Critique, namely, of the Transcendental Aesthetic and the Analytic of Concepts. Written by Sorin Baiasu and Michelle Grier, these articles examine specific issues in these two remaining parts of the Critique, from the perspective of the debate between the traditionalist and revolutionary interpretation. The special issue begins with an Introduction by the guest co-editors. This provides a summary of the exchanges between Bird and his critics, with a particular focus on the debates stemming from the differences between traditional and revolutionary interpretations of Kant.
Hurricanes Cause Population Expansion of the Branching Coral Acropora palmata (Scleractinia): Wound Healing and Growth Patterns of Asexual Recruits

. Three mechanisms aiding recovery and expansion of a population of Acropora palmata on a patch reef that was directly in the path of Hurricane Andrew were documented: rapid wound healing, high rates of asexual recruitment, and rapid growth rate of the new recruits. In addition, the growth pattern of new recruits was assessed in order to quantify the initial sequence of Structural changes during the transition from recruit to adult morphology. Wound healing was initially rapid (1.59 cm of linear growth per month). but slowed with time. Nine months after the storm, 72% of 218 hurricane-generated fragments of A. palmata had cemented to the bottom, becoming new asexual recruits. Within 18 months of the storm, the number of fragments in the same area had increased to 271, average fragment size was larger, and 94% had become recruits. Recruits showed complex patterns of branch formation, including rapid growth of solitary proto-branches, differential growth of proto-branches dependent on recruit orientation, and dominance within aggregates of proto-branches. We present a conceptual model that suggests A. palmata is adapted to disturbances of both low intensity and high frequency (conditions typical of reef flat zones) and episodic high intensity and low frequency events (hurricanes and tropical storms).
Three-dimensional laser machining of structural ceramics

Abstract Three- dimensional laser machining of structural ceramics such as alumina (Al2O3), silicon nitride (Si3N4), silicon carbide (SiC) and magnesia (MgO) was carried out using a 1.06 μm wavelength pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The rate of machining predicted in terms of material removed per unit time (mg/s) increased with an increase in heating rate (K/s). A thermal model based on temperature dependent absorptivity and thermophysical properties, in addition to conduction, convection and radiation based heat transfer, was developed to predict material removal rate. Predicted values were compared with actual measurements made from machined cavities. Such a study would enable advance predictions of the laser processing conditions required to machine cavities of desired dimensions.
Groups in Latin America: Comunidades Eclesial de Base as Mutual Support Groups.

Abstract Comunidades Eclesial de Base (CEBs) or base communities are self-help and mutual aid groups that assist in alleviating the effects of poverty and powerlessness in Latin America.
CHILDHOOD GROWTH, NOT BIRTH WEIGHT, PREDICTS CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN AFRICAN AMERICANS. † 549

CHILDHOOD GROWTH, NOT BIRTH WEIGHT, PREDICTS CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN AFRICAN AMERICANS. † 549