cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Placement of network services in a sensor network

An important challenge in designing a wireless sensor network is to maximise the network's lifetime. In a hierarchical cluster-based network, a key design issue is the placement of cluster heads (data loggers) such that the total power consumed by the overall network is minimised. Another key design goal is the localisation of sensors. In this study, we consider the placement of beacons and data loggers in the Cosumnes River Preserve. We consider a hybrid network in which the wireless sensors are deployed randomly into an irregular terrain while the data loggers and beacons are placed in a planned manner to satisfy the following three objectives: provide complete area coverage; load balance each cluster; minimise the total power consumption for collecting the data. We formulated an optimisation problem to determine the location of data loggers and beacons which is solved using an Integer Linear Program (ILP).
Shakespeare and Memory

Whether it is treated as a practical concern, a cultural pattern, or a literary theme, memory in Shakespeare’s plays has produced a vast array of scholarship in the past 15 years. This article addresses the cultural background of memory studies in the arts of memory, the link between the memory arts, book culture, and theater; the place of memory in material culture; the Renaissance conception of the physical effects of memory and forgetting in the body and the ways in which memory and forgetfulness produce subjectivity; the failure of memory, especially in psychoanalysis, trauma theory, and postcolonial studies; and the practical use of memory in the Renaissance theater. Finally, the article considers the potential for further scholarship in cognitive studies, performance theory, cultural studies, and intellectual history and the study of playwrights other than Shakespeare.
Rich mesic forests: Edaphic and physiographic drivers of community variation in western Massachusetts

Abstract Rich Mesic Forest, a Northeastern variant of the species-rich Mixed Mesophytic Forest association of eastern North America, is an Acer saccharum-dominated forest type typically associated with calcareous bedrock and nutrient-rich, mull soils. Rich Mesic Forest (RMF) is a priority for conservation in the Northeast due to its limited areal extent, high plant species richness, and numerous rare taxa, yet the community characteristics and environmental correlates of this forest type are incompletely understood. This study undertook a quantitative classification of RMF of the northeastern edge of the Berkshire Plateau in western Massachusetts. Cluster analysis of data from ten sites identified two vegetation types within the RMF community, the Acer saccharum–Allium tricoccum–Caulophyllum thalictroides Type (AAC) and the Acer saccharum–Dicentra cucullaria–Polystichum acrostichoides Type (ADP); in addition, two subtypes were distinguished within ADP. Ordination of vegetation data using detrended corresp...
Single event coupling delay estimation in nanometer technologies

Due to scaling effects, integrated circuits are becoming more sensitive to transient pulses and delay effects caused by single event (SE) particles. In addition, cross-coupling effects among wires can cause SE transients to spread other paths of the circuit which may increase the SE vulnerability of CMOS circuits. The coupling effects among interconnects need to be considered in single event modeling and analysis of CMOS logic gates due to technology scaling effects that increase both SE vulnerability and crosstalk effects. This work studies the effect of SE coupling on circuit delays and proposes a worst-case delay estimation method for use in design automation tools for the first time to our knowledge. The SE coupling delay expressions derived show very good results in comparison to HSPICE results. Results show an average error of about 6.3 % for worst-case delay while allowing for very fast analysis in comparison to HSPICE.
Quality Measures for Dialysis: Time for a Balanced Scorecard

Recent federal legislation establishes a merit-based incentive payment system for physicians, with a scorecard for each professional. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services evaluate quality of care with clinical performance measures and have used these metrics for public reporting and payment to dialysis facilities. Similar metrics may be used for the future merit-based incentive payment system. In nephrology, most clinical performance measures measure processes and intermediate outcomes of care. These metrics were developed from population studies of best practice and do not identify opportunities for individualizing care on the basis of patient characteristics and individual goals of treatment. The In-Center Hemodialysis (ICH) Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) survey examines patients' perception of care and has entered the arena to evaluate quality of care. A balanced scorecard of quality performance should include three elements: population-based best clinical practice, patient perceptions, and individually crafted patient goals of care.
REIT Organizational Structure, Institutional Ownership, and Stock Performance

Research has shown that externally-advised equity real estate investment trusts (REITs) underperformed internally-advised REITs prior to 1993. We contend that an increase in monitoring by instituti...
Impact of surgeon and hospital experience on outcomes of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in New York State

Abstract Objective This study aimed to assess the impact of the surgeon's and hospital's experience on the outcomes of open surgical repair (OSR) and endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of intact and ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in New York State. Methods New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System data were used to identify patients undergoing AAA repair from 2000 to 2011. Characteristics of the provider and hospital were determined by linkage to the New York Office of Professions and National Provider Identification databases. Distinct hierarchical logistic regression models for EVAR and OSR for intact and ruptured AAAs were created to adjust for the patient's comorbidities and to evaluate the impact of the surgeon's and hospital's experience on outcomes. The provider's years since medical school graduation as well as annual volume of the facility and provider are examined in tertiles. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are presented. Results A total of 18,842 patients underwent AAA repair by a vascular surgeon. For intact AAAs (n = 17,118), 26.2% of patients underwent OSR and 73.8% underwent EVAR. For ruptured AAAs (n = 1724), 63.9% underwent OSR and 36.1% underwent EVAR. After intact AAA repair, OSR adjusted outcomes were significantly influenced by the surgeon's annual volume but not by the facility's volume or the surgeon's age. The lowest volume providers (1-4 OSRs) had higher in-hospital mortality rates than high-volume (>11 OSRs) surgeons (adjusted odds ratio, 1.87 [95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.17]). Low-volume providers also had higher odds of major complications (1.23 [1-1.51]). For patients with intact AAA undergoing EVAR, mortality was higher at low-volume facilities (2.6 [1.3-5.3] and 2.7 [1.5-4.8] for 27 OSRs for ruptured AAA) centers (1.56 [1.02-2.39]), whereas low-volume physicians ( Conclusions For intact AAA, the surgeon's volume was an important factor for OSR outcomes, whereas low facility volume was associated with worse outcomes after EVAR. For ruptured AAA, low-volume surgeons and low-volume facilities had worse outcomes after OSR but not after EVAR. The interaction between the surgeon's volume and the hospital's volume is complex and varies on the basis of the acuity of presentation and treatment modality.
NEUTRON IMAGING WITH LOW-INTENSITY NEUTRON SOURCES

The performance of low intensity thermal neutron field radiography depends on the quality of the imaging system and the intensity and quality of the neutron beam. Therefore, the configuration and composition of the neutron moderator/collimator assembly were analyzed atnd optimized. The imaging system was designed to achieve maximum performance for the thermal neutron flux obtained.
The Choice of Crop Enterprises Based on Returns for Labor

Farm management investigations have been conducted now for something over twenty years. During that time quite a mass of material on cost accounting has been published. Some is now being published on farm organization, and other phases of farm management. I have been more and more impressed during the past years, however, with the fact that although this material is in at least fairly good shape for giving instruction to college classes and for study for investigators, there is not much in it that the farmer can actually use by himself in organizing and operating a farm. It is difficult for the farmer to take any one of these bulletins, analyze it, and apply the findings to his line of work. For that reason I feel that we have not been successful as farm management investigators in getting the ideas of farm management over to him to the point where he can make use of them in his business.
Structural Destabilization of DNA Duplexes Containing Single-Base Lesions Investigated by Nanopore Measurements

The influence of DNA duplex structural destabilization introduced by a single base-pair modification was investigated by nanopore measurements. A series of 11 modified base pairs were introduced into the context of an otherwise complementary DNA duplex formed by a 17-mer and a 65-mer such that the overhanging ends comprised poly(dT)23 tails, generating a representative set of duplexes that display a range of unzipping mechanistic behaviors and kinetic stabilities. The guanine oxidation products 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OG), guanidinohydantoin (Gh), and spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp) were paired with either cytosine (C), adenine (A), or 2,6-diaminopurine (D) to form modified base pairs. The mechanism and kinetic rate constants of duplex dissociation were determined by threading either the 3′ or 5′ overhangs into an α-hemolysin (α-HL) channel under an electrical field and measuring the distributions of unzipping times at constant force. In order of decreasing thermodynamic stability (as measured by duplex melt...
Effects of high but nontoxic dietary zinc on zinc metabolism and adaptations in rats.

SummaryThe effects of feeding a high but nontoxic zinc level to young rats for varied time periods on zinc metabolism and adaptations were investigated. Adding 600 ppm supplemental zinc to a “corn-soy” diet for periods from 7 to 42 days did not materially affect stable zinc level in any tissue studied. However, in every tissue, 65Zn retention from a single oral dose declined sharply with duration of added zinc feeding to 21 days, indicating a continuing adaptation in zinc metabolism for at least this period of time. Likewise, fecal 65Zn excretion increased with length of feeding time on high zinc, indicating a continuing reduction in net absorption for most of the 42-day period. When the data are compared with similar previous cattle studies, it is evident that there are major qualitative differences in zinc metabolism and homeostatic control between rats and cattle.
Abstract P2-05-15: Assessment of Notch Signaling Pathway Components as Biomarkers for Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Comparison of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Human Breast Cancer Samples.

Background: Treatment options for patients presenting with TNBC are limited, primarily because there is no approved targeted therapy available. Canonical breast cancer targets such as estrogen receptor and HER2/neu proteins are absent in TNBC. Furthermore, there is an urgent need to uncover biomarkers in this disease in light of its costly treatment as compared to non-TNBC treatment and, more importantly, its poor prognosis as evidenced by aggressive tumor metastasis and high patient mortality. While Notch-1 target gene expression has been reported to be linked to various types of malignancies, we propose that since Notch signaling pathway is involved in cancer cell proliferation and survival it could be a likely oncogenic driver and possible target in certain TNBC patients. Methods: Human TNBC cell lines BT-549, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468 were used to measure endogenous relative mRNA transcript levels of Notch genes and gene targets by means of real time PCR. In addition, the RNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimen from women-diagnosed with TNBC who had undergone breast surgery was also analyzed for comparable gene expression for similar targets following Laser capture micro-dissection. Results: The in vitro results show that mRNA transcripts of Notch-4, Deltex-1, Hes-1 and -Hes5, as well as upstream Notch regulator PEA3 targets IL-8 and MMP-9 were increased in MDA-MB-468 and BT-549 cells as compared to MDA-MB-231 cells (n = 3–5). In the clinical sample specimens, Notch-1, Jagged-1, and Hes-5 genes were up-regulated, while the Notch-4 gene was down-regulated in TNBC patients as compared to normal control specimens from reduction mammoplasty (n = 4). Conclusions: Our data present the heterogeneity of TNBC disease. They also indicate that the Notch signaling pathway is up-regulated in certain TNBC cell lines and human TNBC breast cancer tissue. Lastly, these results suggest that some components of Notch signaling may be viable biomarkers to better predict Notch activity for future therapeutic interventions using Notch inhibitors. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-05-15.
Application of Cache Based Data Supplement Acquisition Strategy in Smart Electricity Consumption Acquisition System

This paper proposes a distributed cache based data supplement acquisition strategy for massive data mining complement in electricity acquisition system. By pre-initializing required data items in the distributed cache, using hash algorithm to precisely locate the meta data extracted by data package mark method and generating the supplementary acquisition task with the tag information pre-stored in distributed cache, the complement trick efficiency of smart electricity acquisition system and the system acquisition success rate is significantly improved.
Keeping Your Enemies Closer: When Market Entry as an Alliance with Your Competitor Makes Sense

We present an analytical framework of multimarket competition and supporting empirical analysis to explain why and when competing firms in an existing market may prefer an alliance entry over independent entry into a new market. Our findings suggest that an alliance entry is more profitable than an independent entry (i) when the new market is larger relative to the existing market, and (ii) when the competition in the existing market is stronger relative to the new market. We compare these key predictions with archival data from the regional shopping center industry in the United States and find that instances of alliance formation in this industry are consistent with our model-based predictions. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2016.0988.
Oocyte Retrieval and Quality Evaluation

After more than 30 years of harvesting oocytes for in vitro fertilization, collection techniques are well established. Presented here are dependable methods for maintaining environmental stability during such procedures and general descriptions of the materials collected.
‘Does the mirror speak my language?’ A Comparison of L1 and L2 Student Reflections on Their Experiences in a Small-group Writing Tutorial

Reflection has often been considered a powerful tool for students in composition, helping them develop rhetorical awareness and the ability to transfer their knowledge to future writing tasks. Howe...
The policy uses and policy validity of value-added and other teacher quality measures.

In order to improve the quality of the nation’s teachers, the public education system has long relied on requirements and rewards for formal teacher education, experience, and other traits—the “credentials strategy.” However, policymakers and some prominent educators are increasingly embracing a radical overhaul—an “accountability strategy”— that largely ignores these traits and instead rewards teachers’ measured contributions to student results. In this chapter, I review evidence about the statistical validity of a variety of teacher quality measures. I also argue that this alone is not enough to determine how and when teacher quality measures should be used. Instead, I outline the criterion of “policy validity,” which is determined by statistical validity as well as the specific functions that the teacher quality measures serve in the education system and the costs of producing both the measures and the underlying teacher qualities they represent. Based on this framework and the most recent value-added-based research, I find that neither the traditional credentials strategy nor a simple value-added-based accountability strategy is likely to best address the teacher quality problem. Instead, as in the private sector, a valid policy approach requires using multiple strategies and measures that provide signals of teacher effectiveness and formative and summative assessments that facilitate and encourage improvement. Specifically, the evidence suggests that teachers be rewarded not for their graduate degrees, but for a combination of experience, certain types of professional development, and teacher and school performance. More generally, improving the quality of teachers will require a comprehensive strategy that few current or proposed policies provide. Acknowledgements: Many of the studies from which the ideas in this chapter have grown were funded by the U.S. Department of Education, Institute for Education Sciences and the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS). In addition to this support, I gratefully acknowledge comments by Robert Floden, Drew Gitomer, David Monk, and Tim Sass and participants in research presentations at the 2007 Educational Testing Service Invitational Conference in San Francisco and at the University of Colorado at Boulder. The views expressed here are solely those of the author who is of course responsible for all remaining errors.
Transport properties of glassy and molten lavas as a function of temperature and composition

Abstract We provide measurements of thermal diffusivity (D), heat capacity (CP), and viscosity (η) for 12 remelted natural lavas and 4 synthetic glasses and melts, ranging in composition from leucogranite to low-silica basalt, and calculate their thermal conductivity. Both viscosity and the glass transition temperature decrease with decreasing melt polymerization. For basaltic glasses, D is low, ~ 0.5 mm2 s− 1 at room temperature, decreases slightly with increasing temperature, and then drops upon melting to ~ 0.25 to 0.35 mm2 s− 1. Other samples behave similarly. Despite scatter, clear correlations exist between D of glass or melt with Si content, density, NBO/T, and, most strongly, with fragility (m). Glass thermal diffusivity is represented by D = FT− G + HT, where F, G and H are fitting parameters. For melts, ∂ D/∂ T was resolved only for dacite-andesite and MORB: a positive slope is consistent with other iron-bearing samples. Glass and liquid CP depend on density and other physical properties, but not exactly in the same manner as D. We calculate thermal conductivity (k) from these data and demonstrate that k for glasses is described by a Maier-Kelly formula. Large scatter exists for k at 298 K, but silicic to intermediate melts have k between 1.8 and 1.3 Wm− 1 K− 1, whereas basaltic melts are constrained to ~ 1.4 ± 0.1 Wm− 1 k− 1. Low values for thermal diffusivity and viscosity for basaltic melts suggests that basalts transfer heat much more efficiently by advection than by conduction alone, and that partially molten zones in the mantle quickly become more thermally insulating than non-molten zones, potentially contributing to melt localization during decompression melting.
Implementation of a pharmacy consult to reduce co-prescribing of opioids and benzodiazepines in a Veteran population.

ABSTRACTBackground: The dangers of co-administration of opioid pain relievers (OPRs) and benzodiazepines (BZDs) are well documented. The combination of OPRs and BZDs make up the majority of medications involved in prescription drug–related overdose and are often used concomitantly. This pattern is consistent among the veteran population where mental health illness and substance abuse are prominent. The Veterans Health Administration implemented the Opioid Safety Initiative (OSI) aimed at improving patient safety surrounding OPRs. In alignment with OSI, the study facility implemented a prior authorization pharmacy consult in an effort to reduce OPR and BZD co-prescribing and optimize patient safety. The purpose of this article is to report the frequency of co-prescribing before and after implementation of the consult. Secondary aims include reporting the emergency room visits and hospitalizations, prescribers' actions in the setting of disapproved consults, patient characteristics associated with co-prescr...
A Case Study of Middle School Teachers’ Noticing During Modeling with Mathematics Tasks

Schoenfeld (Mathematics teacher noticing: Seeing through teachers’ eyes. Routledge, New York, pp. 223–238, 2011) wondered about the transferability of teacher noticing across contexts (e.g., different grade levels and task types). This chapter focuses on middle school teachers’ noticing during instruction that promoted modeling with mathematics, which is one of eight Standards for Mathematical Practice (SMPs) found in the Common Core State Standards (CCSSI in Common Core State Standards for Mathematics. Author, Washington, DC, 2010). A case study approach was used to explore middle school teachers’ noticing during instruction promoting modeling with mathematics. This study focuses on two middle school teachers who enacted modeling-focused lessons. Lessons, videos, and interview data were analyzed using inductive analysis (Hatch in Doing qualitative research in education settings. State University of New York Press, Albany, NY, 2002). We drew two impressions from the data. The first was that teachers’ noticing focused on fostering students’ use of multiple representations. The second result was that teachers’ noticing was framed in ways to assist with making sense of a modeling task or its solution. We connect these results to transferability of teaching noticing, specifically to instruction promoting modeling with mathematics.
Closing the gap: Novel therapies in treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adolescents and young adults

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common cancer diagnoses identified in adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Although most children with ALL are cured of their disease, AYAs have experienced much worse outcomes over time, with event-free survival ranging from 30 to 45%. This survival disparity is likely due to differences in tumor biology, treatment-related toxicities, and nonmedical issues. This review summarizes these differences as well as focusing on the various trials that have demonstrated superior outcomes with pediatric protocols in AYAs with ALL. Even with the widespread use of these protocols, a treatment gap remains, and novel therapies are one way to address this problem. Still, these therapies also have significant toxicities and unique issues that need to be tested further, especially in the AYA population. The development of more AYA-specific trials will be an important way to examine novel therapies and interventions designed to reduce treatment-related toxicities and improve long-term outcomes.
Is there clinical consensus in defining weight restoration for adolescents with anorexia nervosa

Successful outcome for adolescent anorexia nervosa includes achieving weight restoration. Despite the importance of this measurement, there are significant discrepancies in the field on how to quantify expected body weight (EBW). A survey was sent to 113 child and adolescent eating disorder treatment providers inquiring about the methods used to determine weight restoration in their clinical practice. Although 40.7% used growth curve data, the remaining employed a diverse range of approaches. Providers who specialize in Family-Based Treatment were significantly more likely to use an individualized approach versus considering adolescent preference. Although there is a modicum of endorsement for using growth curves to predict EBW, this is not universal practice and is inconsistent with methods used in treatment studies. The lack of an evidence-based method to calculate EBW-or even a best practice consensus for calculating this number-is a major oversight in the field that requires empirical attention.
Perineal closure following extralevator abdominoperineal excision for cancer of the rectum

Aim Extralevator abdominoperineal resection (ELAPE) may be complicated by perineal wound healing problems and herniation. We report a consecutive series of 38 such patients with selective use of a fasciocutaneous V-Y buttock advancement flap (BAF). Method Data were collected on a series of patients undergoing ELAPE for rectal malignancy between August 2011 and July 2017. Demographics, management and outcomes were recorded prospectively. Perineal wound problems were considered as 'major' if they required packing; otherwise, they were classed as 'minor'. Results Thirty-eight patients [eight female and 30 male; median age 63 (range: 35-89) years] underwent ELAPE. Thirty-seven had an adenocarcinoma of the rectum and one had a malignant melanoma. The median tumour height (from the anal verge) was 30 (range: 0-80) mm. Sixteen patients had a BAF. The median length of stay was 10 (range: 6-25) days. Primary perineal healing occurred in 18 (47%) patients. Major wound breakdown occurred in three (10%) patients and minor wound breakdown in 17 (45%). Two of the 16 patients having a BAF had major wound breakdown: one wound took 9 weeks to heal completely and the other took 9 months. Of the 22 patients who did not have a BAF, one had a major wound breakdown which closed by 3 months. There were no perineal fistulae or chronic sinuses. There were two perineal herniae that were successfully repaired by perineal insertion of biological mesh (Permacol™; Covidien, Dublin, Ireland). Conclusions Selective use of a BAF for perineal closure can give good results in terms of healing and an acceptably low early perineal herniation rate.
Multidimensional Patient Impression of Change Following Interdisciplinary Pain Management.

Objectives To assess patient impression of change following interdisciplinary pain management utilizing a newly developed Multidimensional Patient Impression of Change (MPIC) questionnaire. Methods A heterogeneous group of chronic pain patients (N = 601) participated in an interdisciplinary treatment program. Programs included individual and group therapies (pain psychology, physical therapy, occupational therapy, relaxation training/biofeedback, aerobic conditioning, patient education and medical management). Patients completed measures of pain, mood, coping, physical functioning and pain acceptance both prior to and at completion of their treatment programs. The newly developed MPIC is an expansion to the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) including seven additional domains (Pain, Mood, Sleep, Physical Functioning, Cope with Pain, Manage Pain Flare-ups, and Medication Effectiveness). The MPIC was administered to the patients post-treatment. Results There were statistically significant pre- to post-treatment improvements found on all outcome measures. The majority of these improvements were significantly correlated with all domains of the MPIC. The original PGIC item was significantly associated with all of the new MPIC domains and the MPIC domains were significantly associated with each other; but there were variations in the distribution of responses highlighting variation of perceived improvements among the domains. The MPIC accounted for greater amounts of variance among the program outcomes than did the PGIC. Conclusion Our results support the use of the MPIC as a quick and easy post-treatment assessment screening tool. Future research is needed to examine relevant correlates to Medication Effectiveness.
Laryngomalacia in Patients With Craniosynostosis.

OBJECTIVE To characterize differences in the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of laryngomalacia in patients with and without craniosynostosis. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed comparing all patients with concomitant laryngomalacia and craniosynostosis seen at a tertiary care children's hospital between 2000 and 2016 with a control group of patients with isolated laryngomalacia. Thirty-two patients with craniosynostosis (59% male) and 68 control patients (56% male) were included. There were no significant differences in age of diagnosis or incidence of prematurity. Symptom presentation, disease severity, swallowing function, comorbidities, treatment modalities, and outcomes were examined using logistic regression. RESULTS Patients with craniosynostosis had increased odds of presenting with stertor (odds ratio [OR] = 3.41, P = .022), increased work of breathing (OR = 18.8, P = .007), obstructive sleep apnea (OR = 8.48, P = .003), dysphagia (OR = 3.40, P = .008), and aspiration (OR = 40.2, P < .001) and decreased odds of presenting with stridor (OR = 0.0804, P < .001) compared with controls. Patients with craniosynostosis had increased odds of severe laryngomalacia (OR = 5.00, P = .031) and other airway anomalies such as tracheomalacia (OR = 5.73, P = .004), bronchomalacia (OR = 15.5, P = .013), and subglottic stenosis (OR = 2.75, P = .028). Treatment of patients with craniosynostosis was more likely to include tracheostomy (OR = 24.8, P < .001) and gastrostomy tube (OR = 88.4, P < .001). There were no significant differences in rates of supraglottoplasty. CONCLUSION Clinical presentations, comorbidities, and treatments of laryngomalacia are significantly different in the context of craniosynostosis.
How to Write and Revise a Manuscript for Peer-Review Publication

Writing is often regarded as an unfavorable or difficult task, and is frequently left to the last minute out of dislike, lack of confidence, or lack of know-how. However, writing can be fun, and the fruits of your labor can have substantial benefits. The purpose of this chapter is to convey to the reader why it is important to write, especially in academia, and why it is important to learn how to write and revise manuscripts well. Specifically, this chapter will address: (1) how to get started writing, including where and when to write and how to choose the appropriate journal; (2) how to write a manuscript for peer-review publication; (3) the order in which to write the manuscript sections; (4) how to respond to reviewer comments and revise a manuscript; and (5) how to use good English language grammar and effective writing strategies. In summary, this chapter is designed to provide a framework for authors to write, submit, and revise a manuscript for peer-review publication while at the same time deconstructing manuscript writing so that it can be an enjoyable, non-daunting task.
Weather Forecast Verification

These notes are voted to stress the importance as well as the intrinsic difficulty of the weather forecasts verification, giving some hints to solve specific problems and some tools to face various situations. In general weather forecasts cannot be fully wrong but they cannot be neither fully right, this because they are trying to represent a future state of an extremely complex system, which is defined by too many aspects to be fully well described. There is a quite general confidence on the fact that it is at least possible try to quantify the amount of good and bad information that forecasters are trying to give on that future state. Nevertheless it is not possible to define in a unique way this quantification process, then different verifications procedures might give different results even if correctly realized. The standardization of definitions and of procedures is generally still poor and sometimes contraddictory. This fact makes, if possible, even more difficult to deal with the weather forecast verification. Facing the verification of rare weather events, as can be the case for the phenomena related to deep moist convection, extra difficulty arise by the fact that the powerful tool represented by statistics becomes less effective and the intepretation of results becomes in those cases even more tricky. In any case the verification of weather forecasts is an extremely important and structural aspect of the forcasting activity, that cannot be considered complete without it. Moreover the verification of weather forecasts can be an important opportunity to have a different look to the atmospheric aspect toward which we are pointing our attention and, for whom it might interest, to have a different look at the forecasters mind.
Enzyme-like Click Catalysis by a Copper-Containing Single-Chain Nanoparticle.

A major challenge in performing reactions in biological systems is the requirement for low substrate concentrations, often in the micromolar range. We report that copper cross-linked single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) are able to significantly increase the efficiency of copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions at low substrate concentration in aqueous buffer by promoting substrate binding. Using a fluorogenic click reaction and dye uptake experiments, a structure–activity study is performed with SCNPs of different size and copper content and substrates of varying charge and hydrophobicity. The high catalytic efficiency and selectivity are attributed to a mechanism that involves an enzyme-like substrate binding process. Saturation-transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy, 2D-NOESY NMR, kinetic analyses with varying substrate concentrations, and computational simulations are consistent with a Michaelis–Menten, two-substrate, random-sequential enzyme-like kinetic profile. This gener...
Three-dimensional NMR microscopy of zebrafish specimens.

While zebrafish embryos in the first five days after fertilization are clear and amenable to optical analysis, older juveniles and adults are not, due to pigmentation development and tissue growth. Thus other imaging methods are needed to image adult specimens. NMR is a versatile tool for studies of biological systems and has been successfully used for in vivo zebrafish microscopy. In this work we use NMR microscopy (MRM) for assessment of zebrafish specimens, which includes imaging of formalin fixed (FF), formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE), fresh (unfixed), and FF gadolinium doped specimens. To delineate the size and shape of various organs we concentrated on 3D MRM. We have shown that at 7 T a 3D NMR image can be obtained with isotropic resolution of 50 μm/pxl within 10 min and 25 μm/pxl within 4 h. Also, we have analyzed sources of contrast and have found that in FF specimens the best contrast is obtained by T1 weighting (3D FLASH, 3D FISP), whereas in FFPE specimens T2 weighting (3D RARE) is the best. We highlight an approach to perform segmentation of the organs in order to study morphological changes associated with mutations. The broader implication of this work is development of NMR methodology for high contrast and high resolution serial imaging and automated analysis of morphology of various zebrafish mutants.
Caucasian small for gestational age infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia require longer, and more intensive treatment for their disease than appropriate for gestational age, and non-Caucasian counterparts.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) secondary to prematurity is routinely managed with home oxygen therapy (HOT) and a protocoled weaning of HOT as per published guideline. Current evidence indicates that small for gestational age (SGA : Methods: Retrospective data collected over 10 years was used to identify 228 babies who had their ethnicities, birth weight, discharge O2 flow rate and duration of HOT recorded. Babies <24 weeks of gestation were excluded (n=10). Results are shown in table. There was no difference comparing the 4 groups discharge flow rate or duration in O2 (Kruskall Wallis p >0.05). However, Caucasian SGA infants spend longer in O2 compared to non-Caucasian SGA infants (Wilcox test P = 0.04). Conclusions: We found some evidence that Caucasian SGA infants required more intensive post-discharge treatment for BPD than non-Caucasian SGA peers. This correlates with a more severe manifestation of the disease.
Conflict between covers: Confronting official curriculum in Indian textbooks

AbstractThe article examines the most recent national-level textbook writing process in India during which activists, academics, and government bureaucrats came together to produce texts guided by ...
Unified On-Chip Software and Hardware Debug for HLS-Accelerated Programs

Modern high-level synthesis (HLS)-based tools allow for the creation of complex systems where parts of the user's software are executed on a conventional processor, and the other parts are implemented as hardware accelerators via HLS flows. While modern tools allow designers to construct these systems relatively quickly, observing and debugging the real-time execution of these complex systems remains challenging. Recent academic work has focused on providing designers software-like visibility into the execution of their HLS hardware accelerators; however, this work has assumed that the hardware is observed in isolation. In this work we demonstrate techniques toward a unified in-system software and hardware debugging environment, where the user can capture execution of both the hardware and software domains, and their interactions. We present the performance costs of capturing this execution data, exploring the impact of different levels of observation.
Maternal Substance Use and Child Emotion Regulation: The Mediating Role of Parent Emotion Socialization

Children of substance-dependent caregivers are at significantly increased risk for emotion regulation deficits, yet little is known about the role of parent emotion socialization in this process. Given the strong link between parent emotion socialization and child emotion regulation in both community and other at-risk samples, our goal was to examine this mechanism within the high-risk clinical context of maternal drug use. We examined parent emotion socialization as a risk mechanism underlying child emotion regulation deficits among young children of substance-dependent mothers. We focused on supportive, non-supportive, and degree of consistency in parental reactions to children’s emotions during episodes of maternal drug use. We employed a multisite design and conducted interviews with mothers in substance abuse treatment who had children ages 3–8 years. We employed structural equation modeling to test three unique dimensions of parent emotion socialization as mediators of the relation between maternal substance use and child emotion regulation. Findings supported a mediated risk mechanism such that more severe impairment related to maternal substance use predicted higher levels of non-supportive reactions to children’s negative emotions which, in turn, predicted poorer child emotion regulation. Furthermore, when controlling for the potential co-mediating effect of parenting behaviors more generally, we found that general parenting style did not co-mediate this relationship, indicating specificity in this risk mechanism uniquely related to parent emotion socialization. Prevention and treatment implications suggest that non-supportive emotion socialization behaviors may be an appropriate target for supporting children’s emotion regulation within contexts of maternal substance use.
Quantifying the Anthropogenic Signature in Drylands of Central Asia and Its Impact on Water Scarcity and Dust Emissions

Humans have been changing the environment word-wide. Central Asia is a great example of a region that is strongly affected by human (anthropogenic) related activities. Political and economic transformations that have been occurring throughout the region have also been strongly affecting the environment. As a result, unprecedented changes have occurring in the land-use and -cover dynamics, as well as in water use and water availability for crops and human. Anthropogenic changes in Central Asia have significant consequences to the environment and human well-being. This chapter focuses on characterizing anthropogenic signatures in Central Asia, addressing their adverse consequences to the population and the environment of Central Asia. Sections address the anthropogenic dust emission associated with human activities, anthropogenic water use, and human growth. The anthropogenic dust emission is reconstructed by taking into account the changes in the land-cover and land use that have been caused by various human activities, including the drying up of the Aral Sea. The latter is a well-known human made disaster that has a profound impact on the entire region. Drastic changes have been occurring in the water use. The population dynamic causes additional problems. We investigated the rate of change in the intensity of the stable average lights product between 1991 and 2000. While the total percentage of lit land increased (3.1–3.4%) between 1991 and 2000, almost all lit areas in Kazakhstan declined in night light intensity. The only areas with increasing nightlights are some of the core urban areas, the Kenkiyak oil fields south of Aktobe and another oil field to the north of Kyzylorda.
26 – Potential Evapotranspiration

Publisher Summary The term potential evapotranspiration must be defined when we talk of evapotranspiration. The concept of potential evapotranspiration was put forth by Thornthwaite (1948) and Penman (1948). The chapter uses the definition of Rosenberg, noting that his definition is similar to that of Penman. Rosenberg says that potential evapotranspiration (abbreviated as ETP by him, but as PET by most others) is “the evaporation from an extended surface of a short green crop which fully shades the ground, exerts little or negligible resistance to the flow of water, and is always well supplied with water. Potential evapotranspiration cannot exceed free water evaporation under the same weather conditions.” In fact, real (actual) evapotranspiration differs from the potential under most circumstances. The reasons for these differences are best explained by reference to the conditions imposed by the definition of potential evapotranspiration and by an analysis of the reality of these conditions. The chapter first looks at the influence of extended surfaces (or what is called the influence of fetch) on potential evapotranspiration. Second, it looks at the influence of crop height. Many of the important crops grown worldwide are not short: corn, sorghum, winter and spring grains, cotton, and trees. The taller the crop, the more effective is its exchange of energy with the ambient air. Third, it looks at the influence of crop cover. Row crops do not normally shade the ground fully except in some cases at advanced stages in their development.
Children’s Rights under Threat: Reflection from Emergencies Situation in Indonesia

In time of emergency, gender based and sexual violence are common occurrence, including in the form of child marriage; schooling is disrupted for a considerable period of time and children are falling behind in their education and they have less opportunity to be together and play with their friends; plus, sexual and reproductive health are not normally receiving adequate attention. Participation of children and adolescents, boys and girls, is not only a matter of fulfillment of child rights but is in fact central for the success of humanitarian response. This writing attempts to analyse the impact of disaster on the fulfillment of child rights, especially the rights to protection and free from violence, education, health, play and participation and be heard, by using the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child as the framework. Gender, inequality and vulnerability lens are used as analytical tools. The method used is literature study, whilst the data and learning from the two major disasters in Indonesia occurred in 2018, the earthquake in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara province and earthquake, tsunami & liquefaction in Central Sulawesi province are used as the main materials for analysis.
Coordination and Solvation in Gas-Phase Ag+(C2H2)n Complexes Studied with Selected-Ion Infrared Spectroscopy.

Silver–acetylene cation complexes of the form Ag+(C2H2)n (n = 1–9) were produced via laser ablation in a supersonic expansion of acetylene/argon. The ions were mass selected and studied via infrare...
Combining simplified PAM4 & SDM to quadruple data rate

This article presents the combination of simplified PAM4 architecture and two-channel SDM systems to enable PAM16 efficiency. Space division multiplexig (SDM) enables spatial reuse of optical frequencies while incoherent addition of laser intensities generates necessary amplitude modulation without dedicated PAM4 ICs.
Improving consolidation by applying anodal transcranial direct current stimulation at primary motor cortex during repetitive practice

Engagement of primary motor cortex (M1) is important for successful consolidation of motor skills. Recruitment of M1 has been reported to be more extensive during interleaved compared to repetitive practice and this differential recruitment has been proposed to contribute to the long-term retention benefit associated with interleaved practice. The present study administered anodal direct current stimulation (tDCS) during repetitive practice in an attempt to increase M1 activity throughout repetitive practice with the goal to improve the retention performance of individuals exposed to this training format. Fifty-four participants were assigned to one of three experimental groups that included: interleaved-sham, repetitive-sham, and repetitive-anodal tDCS. Real or sham stimulation at M1 was administered during practice of three motor sequences for approximately 20-min. Performance in the absence of any stimulation was evaluated prior to practice, immediately after practice as well as at 6-hr, and 24-h after practice was complete. As expected, for the sham conditions, interleaved as opposed repetitive practice resulted in superior offline gain. This was manifest as more rapid stabilization of performance after 6-h as well as an enhancement in performance with a period of overnight sleep. Administration of anodal stimulation at M1 during repetitive practice improved offline gains assessed at both 6-h and 24-h tests compared to the repetitive practice sham group. These data are consistent with the claims that reduced activation at M1 during repetitive practice impedes offline gain relative to interleaved practice and that M1 plays an important role in early consolidation of novel motor skills even in the context of the simultaneous acquisition of multiple new skills. Moreover, these findings highlight a possible role for M1 during sleep-related consolidation, possibly as part of a network including the dorsal premotor region, which supports delayed performance enhancement.
Anatomy of audience duplication networks: How individual characteristics differentially contribute to fragmentation in news consumption and trust:

While partisan selective exposure could drive audience fragmentation, other individual factors might also differentiate news diets. This study applies a method that disentangles the differential co...