cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Supportive Policies for Energy-Based Economic Development

EBED efforts are often implemented in conjunction with supportive policies and a conducive policy environment. Policies discussed in this chapter either enable and accelerate EBED activities, reduce the negative externalities associated with energy development, or strike some combination thereof. This chapter presents seven categories of policies that have the potential to advance EBED initiatives: technology innovation policies, technology adoption and commercialization policies, entrepreneurship policies, industrial growth policies, workforce development policies, climate and environment policies, and planning policies. Each of these policy categories is associated with a set of specific tools and techniques, as described in this chapter.
Introduction: Phenomenology and Medicine

As the fields of philosophy of medicine and bioethics have developed in the United States, the philosophical perspective of phenomenology has been largely ignored. Yet, the central conviction that informs this volume is that phenomenology provides extraordinary insights into many of the issues that are directly addressed within the world of medicine. Such issues include: the nature of medicine itself; the distinction between immediate experience and scientific conceptualization; the nature of the body — and the relationship between body, consciousness, world and self; the structure of emotions; the meaning of health, illness and disease; the problem of intersubjectivity — particularly with respect to achieving successful communication with another; the complexity of decision-making in the clinical context; the possibility of empathic understanding; the theory and method of clinical practice; and the essential characteristics of the therapeutic relationship — i.e. the relationship between the sick person and the one who professes to help.
Mechanisms of Cervical Spine Disc Injury under Cyclic Loading

Study design Determination of human cervical spine disc response under cyclic loading. Purpose To explain the potential mechanisms of intervertebral disc injury caused by cyclic loading. Overview of literature Certain occupational environments in civilian and military populations may affect the cervical spine of individuals by cyclic loading. Research on this mechanism is scarce. Methods Here, we developed a finite element model of the human C4-C5 disc. It comprised endplates, five layers of fibers, a nucleus, and an annulus ground substance. The endplates, ground substance, and annular fibers were modeled with elastic, hyperviscoelastic, and hyper-elastic materials, respectively. We subjected the disc to compressive loading (150 N) for 10,000 cycles at frequencies of 2 Hz (low) and 4 Hz (high). We measured disc displacements over the entire loading period. We obtained maximum and minimum principal stress and strain and von Mises stress distributions at both frequencies for all components. Further, we used contours to infer potential mechanisms of internal load transfer within the disc components. Results The points of the model disc displacement versus the loading cycles were within the experimental corridors for both frequencies. The principal stresses were higher in the ground matrix, maximum stress was higher in the anterior and posterior annular regions, and minimum stress was higher along the superior and inferior peripheries. The maximum principal strains were radially directed, whereas the minimum principal strains were axially/obliquely directed. The stresses in the fibers were greater and concentrated in the posterolateral regions in the innermost layer. Conclusions Disc displacement was lower at high frequency, thus exhibiting strain rate stiffening and explaining stress accumulation at superior and interior peripheries. Greater stresses and strains at the boundaries explain disc injuries, such as delamination. The greater development of stresses in the innermost annular fiber layer (migrating toward the posterolateral regions) explains disc prolapse.
Biochemical Studies Provide Insights into the Necessity for Multiple Arabidopsis thaliana Protein-Only RNase P Isoenzymes.

Abstract RNase P catalyzes removal of the 5′ leader from precursor tRNAs (pre-tRNAs) in all three domains of life. Some eukaryotic cells contain multiple forms of the protein-only RNase P (PRORP) variant, prompting efforts to unravel this seeming redundancy. Previous studies concluded that there were only modest differences in the processing of typical pre-tRNAs by the three isoforms in Arabidopsis thaliana [AtPRORP1 (organellar), AtPRORP2 and AtPRORP3 (nuclear)]. Here, we investigated if different physical attributes of the three isoforms might engender payoffs under specific conditions. Our temperature–activity profiling studies revealed that AtPRORPs display substrate-identity dependent behavior at elevated temperatures (37–45 °C), with the organellar variant outperforming the nuclear counterparts. Echoing these findings, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that AtPRORP2 relative to AtPRORP1 samples a wider conformational ensemble that deviates from the crystal structure. Results from our biochemical studies and molecular dynamics simulations support the idea that AtPRORPs have overlapping but not necessarily redundant attributes and inspire new perspectives on the suitability of each variant to perform its function(s) in a specific cellular locale.
Psychosocial Assessment and Treatment for Patients with Cancer Pain

This chapter advocates for a person-centered care approach for cancer patients with pain and psychological distress. In this care approach, information from the psychosocial assessment is used to coordinate care with members of the pain team, and in doing so, the sensory-physical, affective, behavioral, and cognitive aspects of cancer pain are addressed. Depending on individual patient needs, goals, and resources, interventions should be tailored accordingly and include components of well-researched psychological interventions. Psychological interventions fit into two broad categories: education and skills training. Together with advances in the field of pain medicine, psychosocial interventions for patients with cancer pain offer a comprehensive approach that takes into account the multifactorial nature of pain and cancer disease process.
In Memoriam Chyuan-Yuan Wu (吳泉源) 1961–2018

We in engineering studies have lost a valued friend and colleague. On November 8, 2018, Chyuan-Yuan Wu died of liver cancer. A joyful life filled with irrepressible energy, laughter, and care for o...
Improved Survival with Experience: A 10-Year Learning Curve in Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy and Cytoreductive Surgery.

Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) is an aggressive locoregional treatment for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). Studies demonstrate improved perioperative and oncologic outcomes at high-volume centers. This study retrospectively analyzed all patients with PC from various malignancies who underwent attempted CRS/HIPEC at the authors’ institution from 2007 to 2017. Clinicopathologic, perioperative, and oncologic outcomes of early (2007–2012) and late (2012–2017) experience were compared, and multivariate analyses for factors predictive of perioperative and oncologic outcomes were performed. The study enrolled 388 patients (157 early and 231 late). The late experience contained more appendiceal low-grade mucinous neoplasms (LGMNs; 21% vs 9%) and had a lower Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI; 10 vs 16). Moreover, achieving a similar rate of CC-0/1 required fewer organ resections, involved shorter operations (298 vs 347 min), and had lower estimated blood loss (EBL) (400 vs 200 ml) (p < 0.05). More procedures were aborted (20% vs 3%; p < 0.01). The late experience had fewer ICU admissions (13% vs. 55%) and a lower perioperative mortality rate (0% vs 3%) (p < 0.05). In the multivariate analyses, PCI and number of organ resections were independent predictors of multiple perioperative outcomes [EBL, operating room time, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, ICU length of stay (LOS), overall LOS]. Survival was significantly longer in the late cohort (median overall survival: NR vs 31 months; progression-free survival: 22 vs 11 months; p < 0.01), even after control for tumor histology. At the authors’ high-volume center, with increased surgeon and institutional experience over time, perioperative and oncologic outcomes have improved significantly for patients undergoing CRS/HIPEC for PC.
Deep Nets Spotlight Illegal, Unreported, Unregulated (IUU) Fishing

The need for increased global surveillance and enforcement efforts to combat Illegal, Unreported, Unregulated (IUU) fishing is well known. This paper describes the current research status in developing a novel technique of associating Automated Identification System (AIS) anti-collision messages to satellite vessel detects. Each detected ship image has a wealth of information which allows development of dark ship tracking and identification. A dark ship is a ship that is not broadcasting AIS. Ships involved in illegal activities often disable their AIS transmitter to avoid detection by authorities. Dark ship tracking and identification uses a deep similarity metrics to compare current and previous observations. If any of the previous observations have an identity, e.g. a known vessel on the international IUU watch-list, then the probability of its involvement in illegal activity is increased. Additional indicators of IUU activity such as frequent flag changes are combined in a probabilistic evaluation of accumulated evidence using local laws, rules, and regulations to render IUU assessments using commercially available imagery and data sources.
Data processing strategies for non-targeted analysis of foods using liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry

Abstract Non-targeted analysis (NTA) is a powerful methodology used to classify samples and/or identify unknown compounds/classes of interest. These methods are especially useful for food applications including safety, quality, authentication, and nutrition, among others. In particular, data generated from liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HR-MS) often contains thousands of detected compounds in a single sample. While incredibly useful, NTA can be especially challenging for food analysis due to sample diversity and complexity; thus, automated processing tools are vital for minimizing manual data interrogation/interpretation. While many approaches can be used to process this data, we focus on those with the most promise for food analysis: chemometrics, compound databases, MS/MS libraries (including MS/MS similarity and in silico MS/MS), molecular networking, mass defects, retention time prediction, and ion mobility spectrometry tools. Recent advancements, advantages, and applications of these strategies are provided, demonstrating their utility and providing guidance for researchers developing NTA workflows for food analysis.
Can Low Dose Sertraline Cause Serotonin Syndrome in Pediatric Patients? 2 Case Reports.

Background Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening condition associated with increased serotonergic activity in the central nervous system. Serotonin syndrome is underreported complication of pharmacotherapy. The Hunter Criteria for serotonin syndrome (SS) are fulfilled if the patient has taken a serotonergic agent and has one of the following symptoms: 1) spontaneous clonus, 2) inducible clonus and agitation or diaphoresis, 3) ocular clonus and agitation or diaphoresis, 4) tremor and hyperreflexia, 5) hypertonia, or 6) temperature above 38 C and ocular clonus or inducible clonus. Method Patient A was a 16-year-old Caucasian male with history of major depressive disorder, social anxiety and OCD who presented to the emergency room with multiple complaints: twitching of bilateral cheeks, intermittent tremor of his hands and feet, mental fogginess/confusion, stuttering when attempting to speak, agitation, profuse sweating and headache. 3 weeks prior, his sertraline dose was increased from 25mg daily to 50 mg daily. His physical exam was remarkable for elevated blood pressure and heart rate as well as hyperreflexia noted on patellar reflex testing. No significant abnormalities were noted on routine labs. He was told his symptoms were likely due to medication side effects. The patient was discharged with instructions to decrease his sertraline dose from 50 mg to 25 mg daily and follow up with his outpatient psychiatrist. 2 days later the patient was seen at the outpatient child psychiatry clinic and he was advised to taper off sertraline completely by taking 12.5mg daily for 3 days before cessation. After stopping the medication, the patient’s symptoms resolved. Patient B was a 16-year-old female with generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder who presented to the general pediatric clinic with progressively worsening hand tremors and body shaking since her Zoloft dose was increased from 25mg to 50mg daily. She also felt it was more difficult to hold objects. At the physical exam she had an elevated heart rate to 93 and elevated blood pressure to 182/75. Her deep tendon reflexes were 4+ bilaterally. Upon consultation with child psychiatry, the patient was recommended to taper off sertraline. After the discontinuation of sertraline, her symptoms resolved. Result These 2 patients developed mild to moderate symptoms of serotonin syndrome with low doses of sertraline. Symptoms resolved after the discontinuation of the SSRI. Discussion In the pediatric patient population, serotonin syndrome can develop even with lower doses of an SSRI. To avoid a missed diagnosis, clinicians should familiarize themselves with the Hunter Criteria for serotonin syndrome. It is also vital to educate parents and caregivers about the toxicities of SSRIs, including serotonin syndrome, so they may monitor treatment and take appropriate action if needed.
The Art of Social Justice: Examining Arts Programming as a Context for Critical Consciousness Development Among Youth.

Critical consciousness has been linked to a range of positive outcomes, particularly among marginalized youth; yet, evidence on its developmental antecedents remains limited. The current study examines whether arts participation is associated with positive change in critical consciousness, and whether these associations differ by youth’s social group status. The sample consisted of high school youth (N = 2537; 10% Latinx, 7% Multiracial; 4% Black; 5% Asian; 72% White; 2% Other; 53% Female; Mage = 15.69; age range = 10–20). The results showed that youth with higher arts participation demonstrate higher growth in critical reflection and action, adjusting for baseline critical consciousness, other types of extracurricular participation, and demographic characteristics. The association between arts participation and critical action was significantly stronger for youth of color than for white youth, and the association between arts participation and critical reflection was marginally significantly stronger for white youth than for youth of color. These findings suggest that it is crucial to extend opportunities for arts involvement to all students, and to expand the ways in which arts involvement can promote critical consciousness for youth of varying dimensions of oppression and privilege.
Design of Protein Multi-specificity Using an Independent Sequence Search Reduces the Barrier to Low Energy Sequences.

Computational protein design has found great success in engineering proteins for thermodynamic stability, binding specificity, or enzymatic activity in a ‘single state’ design (SSD) paradigm. Multi-specificity design (MSD), on the other hand, involves considering the stability of multiple protein states simultaneously. We have developed a novel MSD algorithm, which we refer to as REstrained CONvergence in multi-specificity design (RECON). The algorithm allows each state to adopt its own sequence throughout the design process rather than enforcing a single sequence on all states. Convergence to a single sequence is encouraged through an incrementally increasing convergence restraint for corresponding positions. Compared to MSD algorithms that enforce (constrain) an identical sequence on all states the energy landscape is simplified, which accelerates the search drastically. As a result, RECON can readily be used in simulations with a flexible protein backbone. We have benchmarked RECON on two design tasks. First, we designed antibodies derived from a common germline gene against their diverse targets to assess recovery of the germline, polyspecific sequence. Second, we design “promiscuous”, polyspecific proteins against all binding partners and measure recovery of the native sequence. We show that RECON is able to efficiently recover native-like, biologically relevant sequences in this diverse set of protein complexes.
Bayes-ball: Rational pastime (for determining irrelevance and requisite information in belief networks and influence diagrams)

One of the benefits of belief networks and influence diagrams is that so much knowledge is captured in the graphical structure. In particular, statements of conditional irrelevance (or independence) can be verified in time linear in the size of the graph. To resolve a particular inference query or decision problem, only some of the possible states and probability distributions must be specified, the "requisite information." This paper presents a new, simple, and efficient "Bayes-ball" algorithm which is wellsuited to both new students of belief networks and state of the art implementations. The Bayes-ball algorithm determines irrelevant sets and requisite information more efficiently than existing methods, and is linear in the size of the graph for belief networks and influence diagrams.
Investigation of non-uniform waterjet pump inflow for a range of ship speeds

Numerical simulations are used to generate a velocity field entering the pump of a waterjet propelled ship so that the level of non-uniformity in axial velocity can be evaluated. Non-uniform axial velocity entering the pump causes unsteady loading of the rotor blades resulting in noise, vibrations, and can increase the risk of rotor cavitation. The hull form modeled in this study is the R.V. Athena, fitted with a waterjet propulsion system. The ship speeds in this investigation correspond to Froude numbers between 0.34 and 0.84 and Reynolds numbers between 3.6 × 108 and 9.0 × 108. The pump shaft speed and flow rate are determined via calm water resistance data from experiments and the pump curves for the axial flow pump modeled. The numerical simulations are steady single phase and do not include the free surface. In all of the numerical simulations the hull geometry is kept at a fixed draft and on even keel. The variation in axial velocity is quantified by total distortion coefficient, harmonic components, and rotor section inflow angles. Using harmonic analysis, it is shown that the non-dimensional wake entering the pump exhibits a mean axial velocity component that varies proportionally to nozzle velocity ratio and harmonics of constant amplitude and phase, for all ship speeds. Thus, the wake pattern at any ship speed can be approximated using the harmonic content of the wake at one ship speed, and scaling the mean axial velocity. It is also found that this hull and pump configuration resulted in the pump operating at a fixed pump flow coefficient for all ship speeds investigated. The result is that the average rotor section inflow angles are also constant over the speed range. This is ideal for a rotor with a fixed pitch distribution because the mean angle of attack on a given rotor section will be independent of ship speed.
Modeling of cardiac rhythms. A signal-processing perspective.

Abstract The authors describe their perspective on the modeling of cardiac rhythms as a component of cardiac arrhythmia signal-processing algorithms. They emphasize that these models are for a specific end purpose and that the aspects of cardiac behavior that are captured by the models are only those relevant for the development of the signal-processing algorithms. The approach is to use statistics to describe ranges of cardiac behavior that share some common feature with respect to the purpose of the signal processing. The statistical approach has the advantage that, coupled with a statistical performance criterion, it specifies an optimal signal-processing algorithm. These optimal algorithms are often computationally intractable, however, especially for real-time use in instruments. Approximations are therefore crucial. The mathematical form of the model is then important since, even if two forms generate identical statistics, the approximations that are natural in different forms can be quite different. Two different mathematical formulations are described—stochastic Petri nets and interacting Markov chains—and the different types of approximately optimal signal-processing algorithms that are natural in these two frameworks are discussed.
Ambiguity and Violence in Adolescent Dating Relationships

PROBLEM: Little is known about dyadic processes that lead to adolescent dating violence. The purpose of this study was to examine the phenomenon of relationship ambiguity in adolescent dating relationships to better understand how ambiguity contributes to violence and aggression between dating partners. METHODS: Data were drawn from 88 narratives of young adults who had participated in a study on adolescent dating violence. Interpretive phenomenology was used to produce an in-depth description of the phenomenon of relationship ambiguity. FINDINGS: Relationship ambiguity results in differing expectations between partners regarding closeness and intimacy, fidelity, and obligation. These differences lead to conflicts that set the stage for violence and aggression in adolescent dating relationships. CONCLUSIONS: A series of recommendations for clinicians working with adolescents are presented. Language: en
A Divided Tongue: The Moral Taste Buds of the Book of Daniel*:

Carol Newsom employs Moral Foundations Theory to illuminate the symbolic worlds of various biblical texts. This article summarizes the ‘moral taste buds’ proposed by Jonathan Haidt and then analyze...
Predicting the future of urodynamics

The clinical assessment of lower urinary tract dysfunction has been supported by objective measures obtained during urodynamics (UDS) for more than 30 years. Over this time, equipment has evolved with several technological advances, understanding has progressed with achievement of many milestones in UDS research, and access to care has improved with UDS equipment present in many health care centers throughout the developed world.
Trauma Experiences and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Women in the United States Military

Expanding roles of women in the military, and the negative effect of military trauma, make their mental health a priority. This article reviews literature on military trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the provision of mental health services among females in the U.S. military. The literature suggests that female military personnel experience three main types of trauma, and these are: combat, sexual, and environment-induced trauma. In addition, they have increased risks of developing PTSD. Although gender-sensitive services that address trauma among military women have grown, PTSD remains underdiagnosed and undertreated among female veterans. Implications for social work practice are also discussed.
Glucose and culture of human embryos

The study by Coates et al. (1) reports the outcome of a paired treatment, randomized, controlled trial using culture media with or without glucose. As the authors of the article point out, this is the largest study of this type done thus far. In view of the reported inhibitory effects of glucose on early embryo development (in humans as well as in animals), that there was no difference in clinical pregnancy rates between these two treatments in this study came as a surprise. The implantation rate, representing the number of fetuses formed per embryo transferred, also showed no difference (149 nonectopic fetuses from 819 embryos transferred 5 18% for the glucose-containing treatment versus 123 nonectopic fetuses from 708 embryos transferred 5 17% for the glucose-free treatment).
Contributions to the large blue emission shift in a GaAsSb type-II laser

The large blue shift in the emission with excitation in a GaAsSb-based type-II quantum well is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Comparison of theory with experiment is made for lasers with "W" type-II structures. The analysis shows the blue shift to be the result of charge-separation, band-distortion, and many-body interactions. For a high threshold gain, there is an additional contribution from the n=2 subband transition.
Membrane electrode measurements of calcium and magnesium ion binding to cyclic AMP

Abstract Thermodynamic formation constants for complexes of cyclic AMP with Ca2+ and Mg2+, not previously available, are determined for a variety of solution conditions using ion selective membrane electrodes. The new values are employed to calculate standard free energy maps for the major formation and degradation reactions of cyclic AMP.
Growth of Ice Crystals after a Method by Helmholtz

I REPORT here a method of studying the free growth from the melt of ice or any other material, at very small and very accurately controllable supercoolings. Helmholtz's experiment1 was brought to my attention by Dr E. LaChapelle, who discovered large, single ice crystals growing into water-filled cavities within a temperate glacier, and explained them by a natural variation of the present technique2.
A hybrid inventory management system responding to regular demand and surge demand

This paper proposes a hybrid policy for a stochastic inventory system facing regular demand and surge demand. The combination of two different demand patterns can be observed in many areas, such as healthcare inventory and humanitarian supply chain management. The surge demand has a lower arrival rate but higher demand volume per arrival. The solution approach proposed in this paper incorporates the level crossing method and mixed integer programming technique to optimize the hybrid inventory policy with both regular orders and emergency orders. The level crossing method is applied to obtain the equilibrium distributions of inventory levels under a given policy. The model is further transformed into a mixed integer program to identify an optimal hybrid policy. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the impact of parameters on the optimal inventory policy and minimum cost. Numerical results clearly show the benefit of using the proposed hybrid inventory model. The model and solution approach could help healthcare providers or humanitarian logistics providers in managing their emergency supplies in responding to surge demands.
Cell-free generation of the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) and APP-CTFγ

PSEN1 and PSEN2 encode polytopic membrane proteins, termed presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2) that play an essential role in intramembranous (“γ-secretase”) proteolysis of selected type I membrane proteins, that include Notch1 and β-amyloid precursor protein (APP). In order to gain insights into biochemical mechanisms underlying γ-secretase processing of Notch1 and APP, we have developed a novel in vitro assay in which γ-secretase-mediated generation of S3/NICD and APP-CTFγ can be readily detected in isolated membrane fractions derived from immortalized PS1+/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts; production of the APP and Notch1 derivatives are inhibited by a highly selective and potent γ-secretase inhibitor, L-685,458, with a IC50 of ∼50 pM. In membranes prepared from PS1-deficient fibroblasts, we detected APP-CTFγ, albeit at low levels. Unexpectedly, and despite the presence of endogenous PS2 in membranes prepared from PS1-deficient fibroblasts, production of the Notch derivatives, S3/NICD, was nearly undetectable in these reactions. Moreover, S3/NICD production is neither detected in detergent-solubilized membrane preparations from PS1-deficient cells, nor in reactions containing PS1-containing membranes that were co-solubilized with membranes from PS −/− cells expressing a chimeric Notch 1 species. These findings strongly suggest that the factors responsible for intramembranous, γ-secretase proteolysis of APP and Notch1 are neither equivalent, nor exchangeable.
Landscapes of Survival and Escape: Social Networking and Urban Livelihoods in Ghana:

The interactions that take place between individuals, and the reciprocity networks and trust that people negotiate daily, are important assets that reduce socioeconomic vulnerability and increase opportunities. However, the pressures of economic change can exert opposing forces on social capital—strengthening it, as reciprocity networks are increasingly called into play, and eroding it, as households' ability to cope deteriorates and trust breaks down. Drawing on the above, I examine the complex ways in which individuals in Koforidua, Ghana network for resources, identity, and space by using their social interactions. I focus specifically on how networks are employed as assets to guard against and alleviate the hardships of a changing socioeconomic landscape. Network interactions are explored through four key lenses: (a) household, kin, and neighborhood ties; (b) alumni ties; (c) occupational ties; and (d) religious associations. I conclude that the ongoing networks, symbolizing different scales of social...
Pregnancy outcomes after atrial repair for transposition of the great arteries.

Increasingly, women born with complete transposition of the great arteries who have undergone atrial repair by either the Senning or the Mustard procedure are reaching childbearing age. This study reports on pregnancy outcomes after the atrial repair of transposition of the great arteries. Record review and standardized questionnaires were used to ascertain the outcomes of 70 pregnancies reported in 40 women (36 Mustard procedures, 4 Senning procedures). Of the 70 pregnancies, 54 resulted in 56 live births, 10 in miscarriages, and 6 in therapeutic abortions. At pregnancy, 31 women were in New York Heart Association class I, 8 were in class II, and 1 was in class III. Thirty-nine percent of the infants were delivered prematurely and weighed 2,714 ± 709 g; 28% were delivered by cesarean section, 8 for cardiac indications. Maternal complications included arrhythmias in 5 women and hemoptysis in 2 women. Heart failure occurred in 6 women, developing during the second and third trimesters. Postpartum cardiac events developed 2 to 9 days postpartum: heart failure in 5 women, atrial fibrillation in 1 woman, and decreased oxygen saturation due to a new atrial baffle leak in 1 woman. Severe right ventricular (RV) failure led to cardiac transplantation after delivery in 1 woman; another developed heart failure and then died suddenly 1 month after delivery. There was 1 late death, 4 years after the patient's last pregnancy. In conclusion, pregnancy after atrial repair carries a moderate degree of risk and should be undertaken with caution.
Why rape survivors participate in the criminal justice system

After a rape, survivors may seek help from multiple community organizations including the criminal justice system (CJS). Research has found that few survivors report their assaults to the police and of those who do report, many withdraw their participation during the investigation. However, relatively little is known about the factors that lead survivors to participate in the CJS, and how other community services provided by forensic nurses or victim advocates may also help encourage survivor engagement. In the current study, 20 survivors who reported their victimizations to police within a large Midwest county were interviewed about the factors that influenced their involvement in the CJS. Further, we examined the role that the police, forensic nurses, and victim advocates played in their participation. Using qualitative analyses, our findings suggest that informal supports hold a strong role in the reporting process and formal supports are influential in survivors' engagement in the investigational process. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spindling artifact of urothelial cells in post‐laser treatment urinary cytology

We reviewed 22 post-laser (Nd:YAG laser) coagulation bladder washes collected immediately after treatment. All washes demonstrated a striking artifact of cellular spindling. These spindled cells occurred singly, in loose clusters, and in lamellar stacks and had elongated nuclei with dense chromatin and bipolar cytoplasm that was fused in the stacks. Concurrent biopsies demonstrated similar cytologic changes. The spindling is a nonspecific epithelial response to heat. Conventionally electrocauterized epithelia show this artifact in biopsies, but since only the base of the lesion and surrounding urothelium are subjected to heat with electrocautery, the relatively few spindled epithelial cells created presumably go undetected in cytology specimens. With laser treatment, however, the whole urothelial surface of the lesion is coagulated, producing a much greater number of spindled cells. It is important to avoid misinterpreting the spindled cells as cells from a mesenchymal neoplasm or a sarcomatoid carcinoma, mistakes that were made in some of our initial cases. Malignancy cannot be evaluated when cells exhibit spindling artifact; this judgement should be made on undistorted cells. Thus, pre-laser and post-laser washes should be submitted for evaluation of malignancy.
Ethanol Enhances the Stimulatory Effects of Insulin and Insulin-like Growth Factor-I on DNA Synthesis in NIH 3T3 Fibroblasts

In practically all in vitro experimental systems examined so far, including embryonal fibroblasts, ethanol was shown to inhibit cell growth. Here we report that in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, (patho)physiologically relevant concentrations (50-100 mM) of ethanol significantly (2- to 2.8-fold) enhanced the stimulatory effects of both insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 on DNA synthesis. Ethanol had no major effects on the mitogenic effects of platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor and lyso-phosphatidic acid. These data suggest that ethanol is not a universal inhibitor of cell growth.
Modeling the competitive process

Understanding the behavior of markets requires understanding not just the level of return but also its dynamics. The speed at which abnormal returns dissipate is one useful indicator of the competitive process. We model for US and Japanese firms the process of competition as reflected in the persistence of abnormal returns. While we find a similar aggregate distribution of firm persistence in both countries, we observe cross-national differences manifesting themselves in terms of inter-country differences in industry persistence. We find that both industry- and firm-specific factors influence firm persistence. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accents in the workplace: Their effects during a job interview

As the workplace becomes increasingly global, organizations are more likely to employ persons from other countries whose accents clearly identify them as different from the local workforce. Understanding the impact of accents in the workplace is important because accents can be salient in the same way as ethnicity, age, gender, and skin color and may be a source of employment discrimination. The present study looked at the influence of accents on the evaluation of job applicants during an interview for a human resource manager position. Participants from the US were asked to evaluate an applicant with one of three accents (Midwestern US, French, Colombian) by listening to an audiofile. The results showed that the applicant with the Midwestern US accent was evaluated more positively than the applicant with the French accent; however, the applicant with the Colombian accent did not receive an evaluation that differed significantly from those given to the applicants with either the French or the Midwestern US accent. Analyses of process variables indicated that the bias against the French-accented applicant was mediated by perceived lower similarity. These results are consistent with the similarity-attraction hypothesis, which states that demographic variables will impact judgments to the extent to which they make the decision-maker view the applicant as similar or dissimilar. The ability of accent to trigger bias highlights the importance of considering the full array of characteristics that can lead to discrimination in employment settings. Research on employment discrimination has traditionally focused on visual cues such as gender and ethnicity, but in an interview situation, the way the applicant speaks is also important.
Cloning of a Candida utilis gene which complements leu2 mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

DNA fragments containing the LEU2 gene of Candida utilis have been isolated, utilizing the genome library (constructed in YRp12) of this organism. Two recombinant plasmids pZR84 and pZR32, containing the cloned LEU2 gene, were 4.24 kb and 10.4 kb, respectively, and were shown to complement leu2 mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and leuB mutation in Escherichia coli. The cloned fragment in pZR84 contained one restriction site each for EcoRI and PvuII, and two for HindIII, but none for SalI, BamHI or Pstl. This cloned fragment hybridized with the total DNA from C. utilis and from Leu+ transformants of S. cerevisiae, but not with that from untransformed S. cerevisiae. Subcloning analyses showed that a 2.34 kb BamHI HindIII fragment of the cloned C. utilis sequence contains the region essential for the expression of the LEU2 gene.
Toward Understanding Families as Groups

Dans cet article, l'A. expose ses conceptions theoriques sur l'approche de la composition familiale et explique ce cheminement a travers sa propre histoire familiale ainsi qu'a travers son parcours universitaire
Radiation view factors in Czochralski crystal growth apparatus for short crystals

Abstract Radiation is the most dominant mechanism for heat transfer in the Czochralski crystal growth apparatus. In order to account for the detailed radiation interaction among the various surfaces, a knowledge of the view factors among the various surfaces is necessary. These factors are not available especially for short crystal heights during the initial growth. In this paper a detailed calculation procedure for all the necessary view factors is presented. The view factors that account for the proper shape of the melt surface (including the meniscus at the crystal edge) and the view factors during the neck and shoulder growth are discussed. This work provides a key sub-element in developing quantitative models for Czochralski growth.
Gaseous Tracer Technique for Estimating Air–Water Interfacial Areas and Interface Mobility

A series of gaseous miscible displacement experiments were conducted to estimate specific air-water interfacial areas (a{sub i}) and water contents in an unsaturated sand column. A straight-chain hydrocarbon (h-decane) was used as the gaseous interfacial tracer and methylene chloride and chloroform were used as the water-partitioning gaseous tracers. A gas chromatographic technique was employed for the tracer experiments conducted at room temperature using nitrogen as the mobile phase and water as the immobile liquid. Tracer experiments covered a water saturation (S{sub w}) range of 1.5 to 56%. The largest a{sub i} value, measured at the lowest S{sub w} (1.5%), was somewhat smaller than the solid surface area as determined using the nitrogen-sorption technique. As S{sub w} increased, a{sub i} values decreased exponentially to {approximately}80 cm{sup 2} cm{sup {minus}3} at S{sub w} of 56%. Within a limited S{sub w} range (0.29 < S{sub w} < 0.55), where both aqueous and gaseous interfacial tracer data were measured, the a{sub i} values measured using a gaseous tracer (n-decane) were 2 to 3 times larger than those measured in a previous study using an aqueous interfacial tracer (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate [SDBS]). The velocity of the air-water interface was estimated to be between 23 andmore » 36% of the bulk pore-water velocity. The water contents measured using water-partitioning tracers were within {+-}5% of those based on gravimetric measurements.« less
Pressure–Strain Correlation Modeling: Towards Achieving Consistency with Rapid Distortion Theory

In turbulence closure modeling, it is widely accepted that the rapid pressure-strain correlation (RPSC) model be consistent with the rapid distortion theory (RDT). It is desirable to achieve this consistency with a closure model that is computationally tractable and satisfies the requisite mathematical constraints of realizability and linearity in the appropriate variables. In this investigation, starting from a detailed modal analysis of two-dimensional mean flows, we identify important flow features to be incorporated into the model. However, the dynamical system analysis shows that the suggested physics cannot be embodied in a model with all desired computational and mathematical attributes. To resolve this conflict, we propose a slight compromise in the physical requirement and ease one of the linearity constraints leading to a "best possible" tractable model. Overall, the present work provides important insight into RPSC closure modeling challenges—arising from the interplay among physical fidelity, computational viability and mathematical constraints—and proposes avenues for future improvement.
Recovery of substance P but not somatostatin in the cat spinal cord after unilateral lumbosacral dorsal rhizotomy: a quantitative study.

The dorsal horn of the cat spinal cord contains substance P and somatostatin within nerve endings which arise from cells located in dorsal root ganglia and from cells within the neuraxis7. Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that dorsal rhizotomy depletes both peptides from the dorsal horn35,36. However, the changes in the two peptides differ. Substance P is at first severely depleted by dorsal rhizotomy and then recovers in part, whereas somatostatin is diminished less but does not recover35,36. In the present experiments the validity of these conclusions which were based on anatomical observations has been evaluated quantitatively with the use of radioimmunoassay. After a 74% reduction at 10–14 days postoperative, substance P immunoreactivity in the deafferented dorsal horn shows a small, statistically significant recovery by 30 days to 60% of normal values. In contrast, somatostatin is reduced by 46% at 10–14 days but does not return significantly. As previously suggested by immunocytochemistry, dorsal rhizotomy produces no significant decline of either peptide in the ventral horn. The differing response of the two peptides is consistent with the hypothesis that intrinsic spinal substance P-containing neurons increase their projections (or their production of substance P) in the deafferented dorsal horn, but that somatostatin-containing neurons do not. Because synaptic number returns to normal in at least the deafferented lamina II of the cat17yet substance P recovers only partially, it is likely that axons which contain transmitters other than substance P or somatostatin also increase the numbers of their terminals in response to dorsal rhizotomy.
Aerial reconnaissance, GPS, and GIS in support of wildfire suppression: the Payette National Forest experience of 1994

Abstract In 1994, a series of lightning-started wildfires burned over a gross area of approximately 300,000 acres of forest land on the Payette National Forest in central Idaho. This complex situation was one of the mostsignificant fire events within the United States in 1994 and required millions of dollars and thousands of people to manage. Airborne reconnaissance using a variety of sensors, digital satellite natural resource data,global positioning satellite (GPS) system equipment, and geographic information systems (GIS) were used insupport of fire suppression actions. This paper is a review of one facet of the Payette National Forest wildfiresuppression effort of 1994.Keywords: airborne reconnaissance, wildfire, GPS, GIS, remote sensing, resource protection, surveilance,photography, forestry, ecosystem management 1.0 Introduction A significant wildfire problem developed in 1994 in the western United States. The nationwide 1994 fire situation was the result of extended drought and several recent insect outbreaks combined with weather
Two-Species, 3D, MHD Simulation of Europa's Interaction with Jupiter's Magnetosphere

The interaction of Europa with the Jovian magnetosphere has been studied by using a two species ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical model. This model considers the upstream plasma in the Jovian magnetosphere and the molecular oxygen ions in the ionosphere of Europa, separately. We present results from simulation studies, which take into account im- pact ionization, recombination, and the effect of a pos- sible induced dipole magnetic field of Europa. The total mass loading of the magnetospheric flow and the ion- ization frequency used in the model are consistent with the estimates of Europa's ionosphere and atmosphere. The multi-species MHD equations are solved by using a finite volume, high-order, Godunov-type method on an adaptively refined unstructured grid, which allows detailed modeling of the region near Europa's surface, while still resolving both the upstream region and the satellite's wake. We have paid special attention to the wake of Europa, in order to be able to make compar- isons with the Galileo's E4 flyby observations, as well as other model calculations. The calculated escape flux of O + down the tail was found to be about 5.6 x 1055 s -.
Evolution of the northern Sierra Nevada metamorphic belt: Petrological, structural, and Ar/Ar constraints

The Sierra Nevada metamorphic belt constitutes an important record of the growth of continental crust from essentially oceanic materials. In the northern Sierra, the central part of the belt is made up of volcanoplutonic arcs and sediment-dominated units inferred to be accretionary wedges or closed ocean basins. The latter are broken formation and melange composed of radiolarian chert, lava, and volcanogenic and continental turbidites. Sedimentary detritus in the largest of these units can be plausibly linked to sources farther east in the Sierra, suggesting that deposition occurred near the eastern Sierran arc. Isoclinal folds, steeply dipping foliations, and steeply plunging down-dip lineations are characteristics structures. The westernmost unit is only feebly recrystallized, and deformation was accomplished principally by stress solution and local redeposition in veins. More easterly, inboard units are compositionally similar, but they recrystallized at pumpellyite-actinolite-and blueschist-facies conditions and deformed via solution-transfer and dislocation creep. Phengite silica contents, the degree of quartz veining, and the locations of pseudo-isograds support an eastward increase in metamorphic pressure and temperature. Metamorphic conditions during the growth of pumpellyite and actinolite ranged from {approximately}150-350 {degrees}C and 200-400 MPa, compatible with recrystallization and deformation in subduction zones or the deeper levels of magmatic arcs. Ar/Armore » ages of volcanisclastic rocks and crosscutting plutons constrain the age of deformation and metamorphism in the western part of the region to 174-165 Ma. Deformation and recrystallization in more easterly units may have been coeval or begun as early as Triassic time. 58 refs., 14 figs., 4 tabs.« less