cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variability of hemodynamic responses to acute digitalization in chronic cardiac failure due to cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease.

Abstract Eight patients with chronic congestive heart failure (four with cardiomyopathy and four with ischemic heart disease) underwent hemodynamic studies during acute administration of digoxin, given intravenously in two 0.5 mg doses 2 hours apart. Observations were made before administration of digitalis (control period) and serially thereafter for 4 hours after the first dose. Resting mean cardiac index and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure were as follows: 2.0 liters/min per m 2 and 23 mm Hg (control period); 2.1 and 24 (at 1 hour); 2.0 and 23 (at 2 hours); 2.7 and 19 (at 3 hours); and 2.3 and 20 (at 4 hours). Exercise responses of mean cardiac index and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure in five patients were: 3.1 liters/min per m 2 and 36 mm Hg (control period); 3.2 and 33 (at 1 hour); 3.2 and 28 (at 2 hours); 3.1 and 27 (at 3 hours); and 3.4 and 31 (at 4 hours). The pulmonary arterial wedge pressure remained elevated during exercise in all cases. Arrhythmias were seen in five patients after administration of 0.5 mg of digoxin. Hemodynamic improvement at 4 hours involving both reduced filling pressure and increased blood flow was observed in only two patients at rest and in one additional patient during exercise. Acute deterioration of cardiac function (elevated pulmonary arterial wedge pressure or decreased cardiac index) occurred 30 minutes after administration of digoxin in four patients, concomitantly with increased systemic resistance. In six patients, a peak hemodynamic effect appeared 1 to 1 12 hours after administration of digoxin, with partial or total loss of initial benefit by 2 and 4 hours. In previously performed studies observations have seldom exceeded 1 hour; the results of this 4 hour study suggest that, in patients with cardiomyopathy or coronary artery disease and chronic congestive heart failure, acute digitalization does not necessarily lead to consistent, marked or lasting hemodynamic improvement. Thus, current concepts of the use of digitalis in such patients may require revision.
Seismic reflections from Precambrian crust

As an aid to crustal interpretations, seismic reflection studies have been conducted where Precambrian crystalline rocks are exposed at the surface in the Laramie Range, Wyoming. Numerous events have been found in different geologic settings at two-way times from 2.0 to 6.5 s using small charges and simple recording and processing. Reflections are found in most geologic environments involving igneous and metamorphic rocks. The seismic reflection method is obtaining a much more detailed geophysical picture of the crust than previously suggested from geophysical studies.
The via Papalis in early cinquecento Rome: a contested space between Roman families and curials

On the definitive return of the pope to Rome in 1420, following the so-called Avignonese captivity, the city underwent major modifications. The ‘romanam curiam sequentes’, the court and administration that followed the traditionally itinerant pope, settled in the city, leading to Rome's population doubling in the space of a few years. Furthermore, with the support of the pope, the members of the curia came to take possession of spaces, offices, roles and rituals that had previously been the reserve of the local Romans. This article considers the reaction of the community of the local nobility (here described summarily as Roman families) to the encroaching presence of the curia within the specific context of the development of the built form of the via Papalis. It is argued that the via Papalis, one of the most important and prestigious streets in Rome, became the theatre within which these two communities played out their conflict through the medium of built and ephemeral architecture.
Distinct hemodynamic profiles in patients with vasovagal syncope: a heterogeneous population.

Abstract OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate mechanisms of vasovagal syncope by identifying laboratory techniques that characterize cardiovascular profiles in patients with vasovagal syncope. BACKGROUND The triggering mechanisms of vasovagal syncope are complex. The patient population is likely heterogeneous. We hypothesized that distinct hemodynamic profiles are definable with provocative maneuvers. METHODS Three groups of subjects were matched for age and gender: 16 patients with a history of syncope and an inducible vasovagal response during passive tilt table testing (70°, 45 min, group I), 16 with a history of syncope, negative passive tilt table testing but positive isoproterenol tilt table testing (0.05 μg/kg per min, 70°, 10 min, group II), and 16 control subjects. Beat-to-beat hemodynamic functions were determined noninvasively by photoplethysmography and impedance cardiography. RESULTS At baseline, hemodynamic functions were not different among the three groups (supine). In response to tilt before any symptoms developed, total peripheral resistance decreased 9% ± 14% in group I from baseline supine to tilt position but increased 27% ± 18% in group II and 28% ± 17% in controls (p CONCLUSIONS Group I patients may have impaired ability to increase vascular resistance during orthostatic stress. The inability to overcome isoproterenol-induced vasodilatation during tilt is important in triggering a vasovagal response in group II patients. These data suggest that the population with vasovagal response is heterogeneous. Distinct hemodynamic profiles in response to various provocative maneuvers are definable with noninvasive, continuous monitoring techniques.
The Role of Extended Time on the SAT® for Students with Learning Disabilities and/or Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Accommodation policymaking and practice should be guided by empirical research and informed clinical judgment. Findings from our study can provide information to test users about the validity of inferences that can be made from scores obtained from accommodated test administrations for students with disabilities. The factor structure of the newly revised Scholastic Aptitude Reasoning Test (SAT®, 2005) was examined across two groups of students (students without disabilities tested under standard time conditions, and students with disabilities tested with extended time) to determine whether the test measures the same construct for both groups. Invariance across the two groups was supported for all parameters of interest, suggesting that the scores on the Critical Reading, Math, and Writing sections of the SAT Reasoning Test can be interpreted in the same way when students have an extended-time administration as opposed to the standard-time administration.
Representation of finite groups: conjectures, reductions, and applications

In this survey, we discuss some basic problems in representation theory of finite groups, including some long-standing conjectures of Alperin, Brauer, and others. A possible approach to some of these problems is to use the classification of finite simple groups to reduce the problem in consideration to some, more specific, questions about simple groups. We will describe recent progress on reduction theorems in this direction. We will also outline applications of these results to various problems in group theory, number theory, and algebraic geometry.
DSC study of biodegradable poly(lactic acid) and poly(hydroxy ester ether) blends

DSC heating–cooling cycles (0–200 ◦ C) were repeated on poly(lactic acid)/poly(hydroxy ester ether) (PLA/PHEE) blends to study the miscibility of the two polymers. Initial thermograms show two distinguishable Tg values corresponding to the respective neat polymers, accompanied by a crystallization and a melting peak for the PLA. Subsequent DSC runs show that the thermogram profiles depend on the number of heating–cooling cycles the blends are subjected to. As the number of cycles
Spatial Instability of a Baroclinic Current with Slow Streamwise Variation

Abstract Spatial baroclinic instability in a mean flow with slow streamwise variation is studied with the quasi-geostrophic two-layer model. The two-scale expansion technique which was employed by Peng and Williams is used in this study. The zero-order terms give the local spatial instability solution. The next order terms determine the correction to the local solution due to the streamwise variation of the mean flow. It is found that this correction is not negligible when the β effect is large and the vertical shear is small. The results are explained with the lag effect, which was discussed by Peng and Williams. The lag effect occurs when the local solution changes its structure substantially in the streamwise direction. When the vertical shear is large or when the β effect is small, the ratio between the disturbances of the two layers is nearly uniform in the streamwise direction, even though the shear changes substantially. Thus, only a small lag effect is experienced by a disturbance as it propagates...
Comparison of SLAR Images and Small-Scale, Low-Sun Aerial Photographs

A comparison of side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) images and black and white aerial photos of similar scale and illumination of an area in the Mojave Desert of California shows that aerial photos yield far more information about geology than do SLAR images because of greater resolution, tonal range, and geometric fidelity, and easier use in stereo. Nevertheless, radar can differentiate some materials or surfaces that aerial photos cannot; thus, they should be considered as complementary, rather than competing tools in geologic investigations. The most significant advantage of SLAR, however, is its freedom from the stringent conditions of weather, date, and time that are required by small-scale aerial photos taken with a specified direction and angle of illumination. Indeed, in low latitudes, SLAR is the only way to obtain small-scale images with low illumination from certain directions; moreover, in areas of nearly continuous cloudiness, radar may be the only practical source of small-scale images.
Demography of handedness in two samples of randomly selected adults (N = 2083).

Abstract Handedness was examined in relation to sex, race, age, education, occupation, marital status, and religious preference for two random samples of adults drawn from an urban population. There were statistically significant differences on each variable for the total of 2083 respondents as well as for many subgroups based on combinations of sex, race, and age. The results are compared to previous findings.
Combined laminectomy and thoracoscopic resection of a dumbbell neurofibroma: technical case report.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: We describe combined laminectomy and thoracoscopic surgery for removal of a dumbbell thoracic spinal tumor to demonstrate the feasibility of such an approach. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 29-year-old man who developed chest pain and spinal cord compression from a thoracic dumbbell neurofibroma. TECHNIQUE: Surgical approaches for benign nerve sheath tumors that extend from the spinal cord into the thoracic cavity include combined laminectomy and thoracotomy either in one or two stages, or a lateral extracavitary approach involving laminectomy, facetectomy, and rib resection in a single stage. We performed a combination laminectomy and thoracoscopic tumor resection in a single stage with good results. CONCLUSION: This technique has not been reported previously in the literature. It has the advantage of avoiding the potential morbidity of a thoracotomy, as well as the extensive muscle dissection and pain associated with the lateral extracavitary approach.
Self-Consistent Determination of Coupling Shifts in Broken SU(3)

In a recent paper, we considered the possibility of dynamical enhancement of SU(3) symmetry breaking in baryon couplings. It was found that certain patterns of symmetry breaking are enhanced and tend to dominate; the results were presented and compared with experiment. In the present companion paper, we explain in detail the methods by which these conclusions were obtained and give a more complete summery of the numerical results.
Fructose Feeding Increases Ca++-Activated Myosin ATPase Activity and Changes Myosin Isoenzyme Distribution in the Diabetic Rat Heart*

Previous studies have shown that in rats, diabetes mellitus induces a 45% decrease in cardiac Ca++-activated myosin ATPase activity which is accompanied by a decrease in myosin isoenzyme Vi and an increase in myosin isoenzyme V3 levels. Insulin administration reverts Ca++-activated myosin ATPase activity and myosin isoenzyme distribution to normal levels. It is currently unclear whether the effects of insulin on Ca++-myosin ATPase activity and myosin isoenzyme distribution are direct effects of the hormone or are mediated through insulin-induced alterations in cardiac metabolism. To determine if insulin may exert part of its effects by the latter route, diabetic rats were fed a normal, glucose, or fructose diet. Unlike glucose, fructose can enter the initial steps of the glycolytic pathway in the absence of insulin. Placing diabetic rats on different forms of 60% fructose diets for 4 weeks led to a 20-35% increase in Ca++-activated myosin ATPase activity, which was highly significant (normal Ca++-activate...
Temperament and character dimensions in bipolar I disorder: a comparison to healthy controls.

Abstract Research on phenotypic markers of vulnerability to bipolar disorder has focused on the identification of personality traits uniquely associated with the illness. To expand knowledge in this area, we compared Cloninger’s seven temperament and character dimensions in 85 euthymic/subsyndromal bipolar I inpatients and outpatients and 85 age and sex matched community controls. We also examined associations between Cloninger’s personality traits and mood state in the patient group. Bipolar subjects were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and Clinician-Administered Rating Scale for Mania. Controls received the SCID, a family psychiatric history questionnaire, and urine toxicology screen to confirm healthy status. Both groups competed the 240-item Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). A multivariate analysis of covariance, accounting for demographic factors, was conducted to compare the groups on the TCI. Bipolar I patients scored higher on harm avoidance, lower on self-directedness, and higher on self-transcendence compared to controls. Harm avoidance and self-directedness were correlated with residual depressive symptoms positively and negatively, respectively; persistence was correlated with residual manic symptoms; and selftranscendence was correlated with residual psychotic symptoms in patients. The results indicate that bipolar I subjects do possess personality traits that are significantly different from non-ill individuals. However, only a prospective, longitudinal study may determine whether these traits mark a vulnerability to the disorder, or represent the scarring effect of affective episodes and chronic subsyndromal symptoms.
Meal-stimulated increased concentrations of β-endorphin in the hypothalamus of Zucker obese and lean rats☆

Increased opiate peptide concentrations in brain and plasma have been associated with increased feeding. The role of β-endorphin in the control of food intake and obesity was examined by measuring concentrations in hypothalamus, pituitary and plasma of hungry (6-hr fasted) and satiated (5 min after a meal) Zucker obese and lean rats. β-Endorphin concentrations (1) in satiated vs. hungry rats were increased in the VMH (90 vs. 79 pg/mg tissue, p<0.05) and decreased in the supraoptic nucleus (65 vs. 78 pg/mg tissue, p<0.05), (2) in obese vs. lean rats were decreased in the VMH (79 vs. 90 pg/mg tissue, p<0.05) and (3) in female vs. male rats were increased in the anterior hypothalamus (123 vs. 59 pg/mg tissue, p<0.01) and VMH (90 vs. 79 pg/mg tissue, p<0.05). Analysis of a phenotype by feeding condition interation revealed that obese but not lean rats had higher β-endorphin concentrations in the satiated vs. hunger condition. However, plasma β-endorphin concentrations did not differ with feeding condition, phenotype or sex. Intermediate and posterior but not anterior pituitary β-endorphin concentrations were lower in obese than lean rats. Thus, there is some evidence for a relationship between β-endorphin concentration and feeding in the hypothalamus, but β-endorphin concentrations in plasma do not appear to be influenced by feeding condition or obesity.
Circulating Molecular Variants of Growth Hormone in Childhood

ABSTRACT: Human growth hormone (hGH) is known to consist of several molecular forms. We examined the molecular nature of circulating hGH in 18 normal children and compared the resulting patterns to those previously obtained in adults. hGH secretion was stimulated with L-dopa, the hormonal forms were extracted from plasma by immunoadsorbent chromatography, and their molecular nature was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Circulating monomeric hGH consisted of 73% hGH22K, 16% hGH20K, and 10% of an acidic hGH from (Nα-acylated or deamidated hGH). These relative proportions are indistinguishable from those found in the plasma of adults. No age or sex differences in the circulating hGH pattern were found. We conclude that the types and proportions of hGH forms in the blood of normal children are the same as those previously established in adults. These data provide a framework against which children with postulated structurally abnormal (“bioinactive”) hGH can be compared.
Substance P innervation of the rat thymus

Abstract Immunohistochemistry for substance P (SP) in the rat thymus revealed fine varicose neural profiles in specific regions of the thymus. Thymic SP innervation was abundant within the capsule and interlobular septa. The majority of SP+ nerve fibers within the septa were free of vascular association, although some fibers were associated with the vasculature deep within the septa. SP+ nerve fibers entered the thymic cortex from the septa and distributed among cortical thymocytes and mast cells. Along the corticomedullary junction, SP+ nerve fibers were found in association with the vasculature. The medullary region of the thymus received only a sparse innervation of SP+ fibers. In addition, SP+ nerve fibers coursed adjacent to OX-8+ cells and mast cells in the extrathymic connective tissue surrounding the thymus. The present study provides evidence that SP is present in nerve fibers in the thymus, and may be available to interact with thymocytes, mast calls, and other cells in the thymus, and affect their development and function.
Dieldrin Dilution in Visceral Fat of Field-Contaminated Broilers

Broilers aged 4, 5 and 6 weeks were selected from 8 commercial flocks which had been accidentally exposed to dieldrin in feeds. The birds were given a dieldrin-free ration and were reared to 10 weeks of age. Dieldrin residues in visceral fat were determined weekly. Results indicated that dieldrin residues are rapidly diluted in the growing chick with a half-time for dilution of approximately 12 days.
A clinical interview for parents of high-risk infants: concept and applications

La naissance et l'hospitalisation d'un nourrisson premature sont des experiences stressantes et emotionnellement exigeantes pour les parents. L'Entretien Clinique pour Parents de Nourrissons a Haut Risque (abrege par CLIP, en anglais) consiste en un entretien clinique semi-structure qui peut etre utilise comme une evaluation unique ou bien comme la pierre angulaire d'un travail psychologique en cours avec des parents. L'entretien eveille l'attention du clinicien sur des points d'inquietude identifies par les parents. L'entretien permet aux parents de consolider emotionnellement leurs experiences qui se rapportent au statut de haut risque de leur nourrisson. Le CLIP est utile a la fois pour l'organisation des soins psychologiques dans une maternite de soin intensifs et pour la preparation a la sortie de l'hopital
Influence of larval age and temperature on effectiveness of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus in the soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on soybean

Abstract The effects of temperature and larval age of the soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), on nuclear polyhedrosis virus (PiNPV)-induced mortality on soybeans were studied in the laboratory and field. Leaflets collected from soybeans sprayed with the virus at a rate of 6 × 10 11 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB)/ha were fed to larvae in the laboratory. A significant interaction between larval instar and temperature for PiNPV-induced mortality was not detected. Mortality was significantly higher ( P ⩽ 0.05) at 30°C (75.8%) than at 25 (69%) or 35°C (65.2%). LT 50 values were higher in late instars than in early instars. LT 50 values were also higher at 25°C than at 30 or 35°C. The virus-induced mortality increased with an increase in larval age. In the field study, soybean looper mortality on soybean plants sprayed with virus was significantly higher in late instars than in early instars. The PiNPV rates of 6 × 10 11 and 1.5 × 10 12 PIB/ha resulted in similar virus-induced mortalities with a mean of 33.6 and 35.7%, respectively, across all instars.
Theory of two-phonon Raman scattering in transition metals and compounds

A theory is presented which can explain the unusually strong two-phonon Raman scattering observed in transition metals such as Ta and in transition-metal compounds such as TiN, TaC, and Nb${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$. It expands upon a model calculation for layered compounds by Maldague and Tsang and is based on the notion that the same strong $d$-electron-phonon scattering processes that produce phonon anomalies in these materials can make important contributions to the two-phonon Raman scattering amplitude. These may dominate the usual contributions, even in resonance, because interband photon resonances are expected to be severely broadened in transition metals and compounds. The resulting two-phonon scattering amplitude is closely related to the size and shape of the phonon anomaly, and in some simple cases the two quantities are approximately proportional to one another. An extension of the theory to three-phonon Raman scattering is also included.
Does the pedestrian environment affect the utility of walking? A case of path choice in downtown Boston

There is a lack of consensus as to whether the relationship between the built environment and travel is causal and, if it is, the extent of this causality. This problem is largely caused by inappropriate research designs adopted in many studies. This paper proposes a new method (based on path choice) to investigate the causal effect of the pedestrian environment on the utility of walking. Specifically, the paper examines how the pedestrian environment affects subway commuters' egress path choice from a station to their workplaces in downtown Boston. The path-based measure is sensitive enough to capture minor differences in the environment experienced by pedestrians. More importantly, path choice is less likely to correlate with job and housing location choices, and therefore largely avoids the self-selection problem. The results suggest that the pedestrian environment can significantly affect a person's walking experience and the utility of walking along a path.
A Continuing Education Model for Community Mental Health Administrators

(1983). A Continuing Education Model for Community Mental Health Administrators. The Journal of Continuing Higher Education: Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 27-29.
Use of the honeydew state in the identification of ergot species

Although the stromata of a species of Claviceps must be observed before a final identification can be made, the size and shape of the conidia of the honeydew state, considered in conjunction with the host range, are here used as a means of characterization. Thirteen groups of conidia have been recognized among collections of honeydew from thirty-four S. Rhodesian grasses. Six of these conidial groups correspond to the six species of Claviceps known to occur in S. Rhodesia, the remaining seven groups would seem to represent undescribed Claviceps spp. If conidial characters are used to presume species differentiation, it is possible to suggest an extension of the recorded host ranges of already described ergots and also to predict hosts of undescribed ones.
General Algorithm For Optimization Of The Diffraction Efficiency Of A Spatial Light Modulator

We present a general approach to optimizing the diffraction efficiency of a spatial light modulator. Optimization of each pixel of a hologram is used to determine the optimum gray scale look-up table for the device.
Evolutionary approach to human body registration

Human body registration is an important and complex problem that can be found in a variety of real world applications. Registration maps images of a person obtained from different camera views into a common reference system of a scene that contains a human figure. The complexity of the problem stems from the fact that human body can arbitrarily move in the 3-D space while changing its own shape. The registration task is stated as a nonlinear global multimodal optimization problem, i.e., as a search for a proper transformation that provides the best match between the images of the body and the scene. The paper describes an approach to human body registration that utilizes a hybrid evolutionary algorithm and image response analysis. Hybrid evolutionary algorithm provides an efficient procedure of global search in extremely large parameter space. Image response analysis allows to reduce the total amount of information that has to be processed during evaluation of potential solutions. In the process of the evolutionary search, response matrix of each template image is compared against response matrix of the reference image of the scene, in order to find the correct mapping between the images. The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated on a test set of 2-D grayscale images.
A kinetic comparison of asparagine synthetase isozymes from higher plants

Abstract Four previously identified maize asparagine synthetase (AsnS) genes and a soy AsnS gene have been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The enzymes have been purified and kinetically characterized. The plant AsnS proteins were expressed mainly in the inclusion bodies although small amounts of one form (ZmAsnS2) were recovered in the soluble fraction. In order to measure the kinetic properties of these enzymes a sensitive assay based on the detection of Asn by HPLC has been developed. In addition a method to refold the recombinant plant AsnS to produce active enzyme has been developed. The plant AsnS enzymes are kinetically distinct with substantial differences in Km (Gln) and Vmax values when compared to each other. These differences may be important factors for transgenic studies using AsnS genes for crop improvement.
Cigarette Smoking and Pregnancy II: Vascular Effects

The act of smoking introduces a complex set of chemicals that have a broad range of effects, both complementary and antagonistic, at various levels within the vascular tree. A general review of these systemic effects is followed by a summary of documented effects of smoking on the uterine vasculature and of relationships of smoking to pregnancy outcomes known to be associated with vascular pathology. Last, we offer a potential resolution for the apparent paradox of the seemingly 'protective' effect of smoking to reduce the incidence of pre-eclampsia, one of the most serious vascular complications of pregnancy.
Walt Whitman: A Current Bibliography, Spring 2012

This Bibliography is brought to you for free and open access by Iowa Research Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walt Whitman Quarterly Review by an authorized administrator of Iowa Research Online. For more information, please contact lib-ir@uiowa.edu. Recommended Citation Folsom, Ed. "Walt Whitman: A Current Bibliography, Spring 2012." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 29 (2012), 174-184.
Assessing social competencies in lower income preschool children.

This study examined social competencies in 4-year-old, lower income, nonwhite preschool children in a replication of work by Shure, Spivack, and Jaeger. Age differential interpersonal cognitive problem-solving skills were investigated, i.e., ability to generate alternative solutions to interpersonal problems, consequential thinking, and school achievement as they relate to behavioral adjustment ratings by teachers and independent observers. A teacher's rating of a child as aberrant or adjusted predicted an independent observer's rating of that child in a naturalistic setting. Children who were rated as adjusted by their teachers had significantly higher scores on an achievement inventory than those children who were rated aberrant, but the study did not find the predicted relationship between problem-solving thinking and adjustment.
Interconvertibility of a class of set constraints and context-free-language reachability

Abstract We show the interconvertibility of context-free-language reachability problems and a class of set-constraint problems: given a context-free-language reachability problem, we show how to construct a set-constraint problem whose answer gives a solution to the reachability problem; given a set-constraint problem, we show how to construct a context-free-language reachability problem whose answer gives a solution to the set-constraint problem. The interconvertibility of these two formalisms offers a conceptual advantage akin to the advantage gained from the interconvertibility of finite-state automata and regular expressions in formal language theory, namely, a problem can be formulated in whichever formalism is most natural. It also offers some insight into the “ O (n 3 ) bottleneck” for different types of program-analysis problems and allows results previously obtained for context-free-language reachability problems to be applied to set-constraint problems and vice versa.
Plasma flow around a three-dimensional dipole

Photographs of plasma flow around a three-dimensional dipole (hollow loop coil) in a vacuum chamber indicate the arialog of a Vari Allen belt, especially on the windward side.
Hands-On Training in the Design and Fabrication of N-Type Solar Cells

A new laboratory design has been developed that involves both theoretical modeling and practical implementation of n-type wafer based solar cells. PC1D and EDNA, two open source software packages, are utilized by the students to model and design a diffusion based process. The optimal design is chosen for lap implementation and characterization follows. Industrial quality QE gives student's experience with AR coating design and passivation concepts. Future lab development will include chemical processing for optical light trapping, grid contact design, and creation of front/back contacts via screen printing.
The Dust Ring around AC Herculis

We have used the Keck I telescope to obtain images at 11.7 and 18.7 μm of AC Her, a post-asymptotic giant branch spectroscopic binary. The source is resolved into two spots separated by about 06, which can be explained as emission from particles associated with an edge-on dust ring with a radius of approximately 300 AU that is oriented approximately north-south. We propose that the ring is mainly composed of particles that are larger than 200 μm in radius that are orbiting the binary, while the infrared emission that we observe is emitted by small grains with sizes less than 1 μm that are not gravitationally bound and, instead, are flowing out in a wind from the ring. We propose that collisions among the larger ring particles produce the smaller wind particles. Whether most of the 1030 g of dust orbiting AC Her ultimately is expelled in a wind or coalesces into macroscopic objects is unknown.
Catalytic conversion of alcohols: XVIII. Comparison of cis-trans isomerization of 2-methylcyclohexanol isomers and the corresponding methyl ethers

Abstract Methoxymethylcyclohexane did not undergo cis-trans isomerization over three oxide catalysts under conditions where the corresponding alcohol undergoes isomerization to the cis-trans equilibrium composition. The ether underwent elimination to form an alkene to about the same extent as the corresponding alcohol. The ketone formed from the alcohol but not from the ether.
Cloning and improving the expression of Pichia stipitis xylose reductase gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The intactPichia stipitis xylose reductase gene (XR) has been cloned and expressed inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. The possible further improvement of the expression of thePichia gene in the new host was studied. To improve the expression of the XR gene in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), its 5′-noncoding sequence containing the genetic elements for transcription and translation was systematically replaced by that from the yeast genes. It was found that thePichia genetic signal for transcription of XR is more effective than the yeast TRP5 promoter, but is about half as effective as the yeast strong promoter of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (ADC1). However, the nucleotide sequence immediately adjacent to the initiation codon of XR, which controls the translation of the gene product, seemed to be five times less effective than the corresponding sequence of the ADC1 gene. By totally replacing its 5′-noncoding sequence with that of the yeast ADC1 gene, the expression of XR in yeast was found to be nearly ten times higher. Furthermore, the clonedPichia XR described in this article contains very little of its 3′-noncoding sequence. In order to study whether the 3′-noncoding sequence is important to its expression inS. cerevisiae, the intact 3′-noncoding sequences of the yeast xylulokinase gene was spliced to the 3′ end of theP ADC1-XR structural gene. This latter modification has resulted in a twofold further increase in the expression of thePichia XR in yeast.
LOWER CALICEAL STONE CLEARANCE AFTER SHOCK WAVE LITHOTRIPSY OR URETEROSCOPY: THE IMPACT OF LOWER POLE RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY

AbstractPurpose: We determine whether there is a significant relationship between the spatial anatomy of the lower pole, as seen on preoperative excretory urography (IVP), and the outcome after shock wave lithotripsy or ureteroscopy for a solitary lower pole caliceal stone 15 mm. or less.Materials and Methods: Between January 1992 and June 1996, 34 patients with 15 mm. or less solitary lower pole stone underwent ureteroscopy with intracorporeal lithotripsy13 or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL [dagger]) with a Dornier HM3 lithotriptor [dagger] [21]. On pretreatment IVP lower pole infundibular length and width, infundibulopelvic angle of the stone bearing calix were measured. Stone size and area were determined from an abdominal plain x-ray. A plain x-ray of the kidneys, ureters and bladder was obtained in all patients at a median followup of 12.3 and 8 months in the ureteroscopy and ESWL groups, respectively.[dagger] Dornier Medical Systems, Inc., Marietta, Georgia.Results: After initial therap...
Changes to the turbulent kinematics of a volcanic plume inferred from lightning data

The 2009 Redoubt Volcano eruption produced a series of explosive events, the largest of which produced episodes of volcanic lightning similar to thunderstorms. Flash energy spectra were calculated from lightning mapping data collected during the eruption. The spectra were compared to the turbulence characteristics expected from each stage of plume development. Small flash length scales present at early times were associated with the gas thrust and initial convective stages. Increases in flash length scales and flash energy as the explosive events progressed were associated with an increase in volume of the plume. Spectra with a large range in flash length scales (0.2–10 km) and a spectral peak at small flash length scales (< 1 km) were associated with a superposition of spectra from gas thrust, convective, and umbrella/ash cloud regions. An approximate 5/3 power law slope was observed on the order of 10 min after gas thrust forcing had ended and the transition to a drifting ash cloud was underway, which may reflect the dissipating state of the drifting ash cloud.
Creating a Computer Security Curriculum in a Software Engineering Program

This paper discusses our experiences developing and delivering a computer security curriculum in a graduate software engineering program. It describes our program and student backgrounds, our approach to teaching computer security aimed towards a software engineering audience with disparate backgrounds, other challenges and solutions, course contents with emphasis on our core course, and additional venues and future plans.
Lightweight security principles for distributed multimedia based sensor networks

This paper investigates the application of multimedia security principles for the protection of emerging distributed sensor networks (DSNs). The authors assert that for DSNs to be successfully deployed in a variety of applications, security development must become an inherent part of the overall DSN system design process. In particular, we argue that multimedia security principles provide an effective means for lightweight protection that is compatible with distributed in-network processing. We propose a novel low-cost secure data converter architecture for DSNs that has fingerprinting and encryption capabilities.
Apostolic Suffering and the Language of Processions in 2 Corinthians 4:7-10:

In 2 Cor 2:14-6:13; 7:2-4 Paul illuminates his apostolic mission with allusions to contemporary Greco-Roman epiphany processions. The central symbols of this independent letter fragment are found in 2 Cor 4:7 where Paul refers to himself as an "earthen vessel" and in 4:10 where he likens his ministry to "carrying around the dying of Jesus." In each instance, Paul evokes in his readers images drawn from contemporary pagan processions. These metaphorical expressions provide a striking insight into Paul's understanding of himself as an apostle of God.
High-resolution imaging of expertise reveals reliable object selectivity in the fusiform face area related to perceptual performance

The fusiform face area (FFA) is a region of human cortex that responds selectively to faces, but whether it supports a more general function relevant for perceptual expertise is debated. Although both faces and objects of expertise engage many brain areas, the FFA remains the focus of the strongest modular claims and the clearest predictions about expertise. Functional MRI studies at standard-resolution (SR-fMRI) have found responses in the FFA for nonface objects of expertise, but high-resolution fMRI (HR-fMRI) in the FFA [Grill-Spector K, et al. (2006) Nat Neurosci 9:1177–1185] and neurophysiology in face patches in the monkey brain [Tsao DY, et al. (2006) Science 311:670–674] reveal no reliable selectivity for objects. It is thus possible that FFA responses to objects with SR-fMRI are a result of spatial blurring of responses from nonface-selective areas, potentially driven by attention to objects of expertise. Using HR-fMRI in two experiments, we provide evidence of reliable responses to cars in the FFA that correlate with behavioral car expertise. Effects of expertise in the FFA for nonface objects cannot be attributed to spatial blurring beyond the scale at which modular claims have been made, and within the lateral fusiform gyrus, they are restricted to a small area (200 mm2 on the right and 50 mm2 on the left) centered on the peak of face selectivity. Experience with a category may be sufficient to explain the spatially clustered face selectivity observed in this region.
Squamous cell carcinoma of dogs and cats: an ideal test system for human head and neck PDT protocols

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is ideally suited for the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC) in humans. Developing useful PDT protocols for HNC is challenging due to the expense of Phase I and II clinical trials. Moreover, the often-poor predictive value of murine models means that photosensitizers may proceed far into development before problems are noted. Dogs and cats with spontaneous oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) share striking similarities with humans affected with oral SCC. These similarities include viral and environmental tobacco smoke as risk factors, location-dependent prognoses, and relative resistance to chemotherapy. The relatively large oral cancers encountered in veterinary patients allow for light and drug dosimetry that are directly applicable to humans. The irregular shape of oral SCC allows a rigorous evaluation of novel photodynamic therapy protocols under field conditions. Because spontaneous tumors in dogs and cats arise in an outbred animal population it is possible to observe an intact host response to PDT. The shorter lifespan of dogs and cats allows rapid accrual of endpoint data. External beam radiation therapy and chemotherapy are commonplace in veterinary medicine, making dogs and cats with spontaneous SCC a useful resource to study the interactions with PDT and other cancer treatment modalities. Our preliminary results demonstrate that PDT is well-tolerated by dogs with oral cancer, and a Phase II clinical trial of zinc-phthalocyanine-based photodynamic therapy is underway in dogs with oral SCC. The usefulness of 5-aminolevulinic acid methyl ester-based PDT is being investigated in cats with oral SCC.
Behavior analysts can be interdisciplinary too: A review of Durand's Autism Spectrum Disorder

V. Mark Durand's (2013) book, Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Clinical Guide for General Practitioners, eases readers into the vast scientific literature on individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), encourages behavior analysts to examine our place in this literature, and illustrates how we might communicate effectively with a general audience. Durand shows that we have developed many beneficial interventions for individuals with ASD yet may harbor obsolete views about what ASD is. Moreover, his description of ASD suggests that we should consider expanding our range of treatment targets and serve a broader segment of the ASD population. He also shows that investigators in disciplines outside applied behavior analysis (ABA) have contributed to understanding the causes and characteristics of ASD. Thus, rather than focusing mainly on ABA, Durand portrays ABA as one of many disciplines engaged in productive research on ASD; this portrayal may be both accurate and effective as a communication strategy.
Cultural and Ethnic Content of the 1977 to 1982 American Psychological Association Convention Programs

The 1977 through 1982 annual convention programs of the American Psychological Association (APA) were analyzed for cultural and ethnic content. These years were of interest as they coincide with the emergence of APA policy statements in support of cultural awareness. The examination of these programs via presentation titles revealed that 5.6% of the total convention time was allotted to general cultural processes or to national, racial, or ethnic groups. Of the studies specifying nationalities, the Americans (the United States) received the largest percentage of time. All of the major racial and ethnic groups within the United States were represented. The amount of programming for cultural and ethnic topics remained at low levels and showed no consistent trends, suggesting that it was not influenced by the professional rhetoric. The implications for these findings are discussed with particular attention to counseling psychology.
Pharmacokinetic and Safety Evaluation of High-Dose Combinations of Fosamprenavir and Ritonavir

High-dose combinations of fosamprenavir (FPV) and ritonavir (RTV) were evaluated in healthy adult subjects in order to select doses for further study in multiple protease inhibitor (PI)-experienced patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Two high-dose regimens, FPV 1,400 mg twice a day (BID) plus RTV 100 mg BID and FPV 1,400 mg BID plus RTV 200 mg BID, were planned to be compared to the approved regimen, FPV 700 mg BID plus RTV 100 mg BID, in a randomized three-period crossover study. Forty-two healthy adult subjects were enrolled, and 39 subjects completed period 1. Due to marked hepatic transaminase elevations, predominantly with FPV 1,400 mg BID plus RTV 200 mg BID, the study was terminated prematurely. For FPV 1,400 mg BID plus RTV 100 mg BID, the values for plasma amprenavir (APV) area under the concentration-time profile over the dosing interval (τ) at steady state [AUC(0-τ)], maximum concentration of drug in plasma (Cmax), and plasma concentration at the end of τ at steady state (Cτ) were 54, 81, and 26% higher, respectively, and the values for plasma RTV AUC(0-τ), Cmax, and Cτ were 49% higher, 71% higher, and 11% lower, respectively, than those for FPV 700 mg BID plus RTV 100 mg BID. For FPV 1,400 mg BID plus RTV 200 mg BID, the values for plasma APV AUC(0-τ), Cmax, and Cτ were 26, 48, and 32% higher, respectively, and the values for plasma RTV AUC(0-τ), Cmax, and Cτ increased 4.15-fold, 4.17-fold, and 3.99-fold, respectively, compared to those for FPV 700 mg BID plus RTV 100 mg BID. FPV 1,400 mg BID plus RTV 200 mg BID is not recommended due to an increased rate of marked hepatic transaminase elevations and lack of pharmacokinetic advantage. FPV 1,400 mg BID plus RTV 100 mg BID is currently under clinical evaluation in multiple PI-experienced patients.
Event-driven gate-level simulation with GP-GPUs

Logic simulation is a critical component of the design tool flow in modern hardware development efforts. It is used widely -- from high-level descriptions down to gate-level ones -- to validate several aspects of the design, particularly functional correctness. Despite development houses investing vast resources in the simulation task, particularly at the gate-level, it is still far from achieving the performance demands required to validate complex modern designs. In this work, we propose the first event-driven logic simulator accelerated by a parallel, general purpose graphics processor (GP-GPU). Our simulator leverages a gate-level event-driven design to exploit the benefits of the low switching activity that is typical of large hardware designs. We developed novel algorithms for circuit netlist partitioning and optimized for a highly-parallel GP-GPU host. Moreover, our flow is structured to extract the best simulation performance from the target hardware platform. We found that our experimental prototype could handle large, industrial scale designs comprised of millions of gates and deliver a 13x speedup on average over current commercial event-driven simulators.
A brief review of some approaches to hysteresis in viscoelastic polymers

Abstract We give a brief review of hysteresis in viscoelastic polymers. The efforts surveyed range from phenomenological to molecular modelling with applications involving recent efforts on elastomers to biotissue.
Chromosomal and Genic Barriers to Introgression in Helianthus

The sexual transfer of genes between taxa possessing different structural karyotypes must involve the passage of genes through a chromosomal sterility barrier. Yet little is known about the effects of structural differences on gene introgression within or adjacent to the rearranged chromosomal fragments or about the patterns of introgression in collinear regions. Here, we employ 197 mapped molecular markers to study the effects of chromosomal structural differences on introgression in backcrossed progeny of the domesticated sunflower, Helianthus annuus, and its karyotypically divergent wild relative, H. petiolaris. Forty percent of the genome from the seven collinear linkages introgressed, whereas only 2.4% of the genome from the 10 rearranged linkages was transferred. Thus, chromosomal rearrangements appear to provide an effective mechanism for reducing or eliminating introgression in rearranged chromosomal segments. On the other hand, observations that 60% of the markers from within the collinear portion of the genome did not introgress suggests that genic factors also resist introgression in Helianthus. That is, selection against H. petiolaris genes in concert with linkage may have reduced or eliminated parts of the genome not protected by structural changes. Thus, barriers to introgression in Helianthus appear to include both chromosomal structural and genic factors.