cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
International Cotton Arbitration

This article looks at the arbitration of cotton disputes, concentrating on the Liverpool – based International Cotton Association. Three topics are considered: (1) A short history of the cotton trade in Liverpool. During the American Civil War, Liverpool cotton merchants acted for the Confederate Government, financing the supply of arms in return for cotton. The building of ships like CSS Alabama led to a dispute between the American and British governments, ultimately settled in the Alabama Claims Commission. (2) The Rulebook of the International Cotton Association Ltd. (the ICA) – in particular the provisions relating to arbitration. The Rules contain an internal appeals structure. The Rules restrict the right of lawyers to participate in the arbitral process. The ICA operates worldwide. In 2011, the ICA received 242 requests for technical arbitrations: five times the usual yearly average. In the first half of 2012, 135 requests for arbitration were received. (3) Two cases involving the challenge to ICA arbitration awards: one decided in the High Court in London, the other a decision of the Suzhou Intermediate Court, Jiangsu Province, China. The China case is interesting: the Suzhou Court looks at the ICA Arbitration Rules, the English Arbitration Act and the New York Convention – and approves the award made in Liverpool.
Features of Policy Evaluation Practice in Zusisi,Kanagawaken,Japan and Its Enlightenment

Policy evaluation system is the major guarantee measure of the realization of scientific,democratic and legal policy. The system,first applied in Zusisi,Kanagawaken,Japan,including the establishment of principles,the set up of organizations,the undertaking of responsibility,etc.,has some typical characteristics in aspects of information publicity,procedure mechanism and citizen’s satisfaction,as well as index system,etc.,which do provide enlightenment for China’s policy evaluation system improvement in the fields of organization,means,methods,index,responsibility,etc.
A Review of “Destination competitiveness, the environment and sustainability: challenges and cases”

When the call for writing a review of this title came out, I quickly reviewed Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International's (CABI's) website to find out a bit more. Overall, editors Artal-...
Transvaginal sonography in the abnormal first trimester.

Pelvic sonography has become an important modality in diagnosis of suspected ectopic pregnancy. The recent development of transvaginal sonography (TVS) has permited earlier detection of both intrauterine and extrauterine gestation. TVS can provide more useful diagnostic information than the transabdominal (TA) technique
White Lies and Pardons: The Role of Consumer Forgiveness in Relationships with Service Providers

This paper investigates what happens in a consumer/service provider relationship when the provider intentionally deceives the customer. More concretely, the current research explores how consumers react to different levels of deception on the part of the service provider. Furthermore, how does the consumers relationship with the brand impact how they respond to the deception? After experiencing a significant deception, is the committed consumer more likely to forgive the provider with whom they have a strong relationship, or will a stronger relationship result in a more pronounced perception of betrayal and thus cause a greater negative response between the customer and the firm? Results indicate that those who were devoted to the relationship did indeed not display negative psychological effects or generate negative firm attitudes after a firm significantly misbehaved. On the other hand, those less devoted reported a decrease in attitude toward the brand and suffered increased negative mood following the bad behavior. This pattern fits with the idea that individuals often treat their preferred brands as relationship partners.
Confirmation of a de novo structure prediction for an atomically precise monolayer-coated silver nanoparticle.

Fathoming the principles underpinning the structures of monolayer-coated molecular metal nanoparticles remains an enduring challenge. Notwithstanding recent x-ray determinations, coveted veritable de novo structural predictions are scarce. Building on recent syntheses and de novo structure predictions of M 3 Au x Ag 17− x (TBBT) 12 , where M is a countercation, x = 0 or 1, and TBBT is 4- tert -butylbenzenethiol, we report an x-ray–determined structure that authenticates an a priori prediction and, in conjunction with first-principles theoretical analysis, lends force to the underlying forecasting methodology. The predicted and verified Ag(S R ) 3 monomer, together with the recently discovered Ag 2 (S R ) 5 dimer and Ag 3 (S R ) 6 trimer, establishes a family of unique mount motifs for silver thiolate nanoparticles, expanding knowledge beyond the earlier-known Au-S staples in thiol-capped gold nanoclusters. These findings demonstrate key principles underlying ligand-shell anchoring to the metal core, as well as unique T-like benzene dimer and cyclic benzene trimer ligand bundling configurations, opening vistas for rational design of metal and alloy nanoparticles.
Bio inspired source seeking: a Hybrid Speeding Up and Slowing Down Algorithm

A novel bio-inspired strategy, the Hybrid Speeding Up Slowing Down (Hybrid SUSD) strategy, is introduced to achieve distributed control of a multi-agent system for the localization of multiple sources in a search space. Hybrid SUSD switches between bio-inspired exploration algorithms and exploitation algorithms. The exploration algorithms provide coverage of the workspace with non-zero probability. The exploitation algorithms leverage the SUSD strategy for source seeking without explicit gradient estimation. Conditions for switching between exploration and exploitation are developed based on measurements taken by an agent and the number of neighbors an agent may have. Given a confined search space, the convergence of the hybrid SUSD to locate a source is rigorously justified. Simulation results confirm that the strategy allows each agent to converge to one of the source locations. The Hybrid SUSD may be used as a distributed optimization algorithm that is able to find all minima of a function over a confined search space.
Common Rule Revised: Opportunities Lost.

The Common Rule was revised and released in 2017 after several years of regulatory machinations. There was a consensus that the Common Rule, while embodying key ethical principles that are critical...
Prediction of Noisy ARIMA Time Series via Butterworth Digital Filter

The problem of predicting noisy time series, realization of processes of the type ARIMA (Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average), is addressed in the framework of digital signal processing in conjunction with an iterative forecast procedure. Other than Gaussian random noise, deterministic shocks either superimposed to the signal at hand or embedded in the ARIMA excitation sequence, are considered. Standard ARIMA forecasting performances are enhanced by pre-filtering the observed time series according to a digital filter of the type Butterworth, whose cut-off frequency, iteratively determined, is the minimizer of a suitable loss function. An empirical study, involving computer generated time series with different noise levels, as well as real-life ones (macroeconomic and tourism data), will also be presented.
Rapid Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines Using an Episomal Plasmid Containing Multiple Reprogramming Factors in a Single Cassette (P05.046)

OBJECTIVE: Reprogramming of skin fibroblasts is increasingly used for modeling of human neurological diseases. Cell lines from many patients, however, have been generated using EBV-immortalized B-lymphocytes (EBV-B). In contrast to skin fibroblasts, blood lymphocytes and especially lymphoblastoid (LB) cells are difficult to reprogram and iPSC colonies are usually formed after weeks and with very low efficiency. BACKGROUND: B cells represent a larger fraction of the peripheral blood mononuclear cell population (∼20%) and can be transformed in vitro by EBV to generate lymphoblastoid cell lines (LB), creating an unlimited proliferative source of cells for reprogramming trials. LB cells are a precious resource for immunologic, epidemiologic, and rare disease studies. Generating iPSCs from LB cells offers the advantage of working with minimal amounts of blood from living donors as well as frozen LB collections banked worldwide. Recently, iPSCs have been generated by delivering the reprogramming factors (RFs) via oriP/EBNA-1-based plasmids in fibroblasts and peripheral blood CD34 + cells. DESIGN/METHODS: We have generated a novel episomal plasmid where RFs (SOX2, OCT3/4, c-MYC and KLF4) are controlled by individual CMV promoters in a single cassette, designated pAd-GFP-SOcMK, which allows coordinated expression of the four RFs. EBV-B cells were electroporated with plasmid, pAd-GFP-SOcMK and plated on inactivated MEF cells with ES cell medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). RESULTS: After 5-6 days of culture of electroporated EBV-B cells with ES cell medium, cells tend to attach and start to form colonies. EBV-B cell line-derived iPSCs showed ES cell morphology, stained with alkaline phosphatase (AP), and expressed pluripotent cell-specific genes. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a rapid method to generate iPSCs from EBV-immortalized B-lymphocyte cell lines using a novel 4-factor vector. The ability to reprogram banked patient EBV-transformed cell lines efficiently will offer an unprecedented opportunity to rapidly generate genetic disease models and also provide a translational platform for therapeutic drug development. Supported by: Grants RO1NS33123 and RC4NS073009 from the National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke to SMP. Disclosure: Dr. Paul has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dansithong has nothing to disclose. Dr. Figueroa has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pulst has received personal compensation for activities with Athena Diagnostics. Dr. Pulst has received license or royalty payments from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.
Dependence of {111}-textured Pt electrode properties on TiO2 seed layers formed by thermal oxidation

The Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si electrode structure prepared using sputter deposition of Ti, conversion of Ti to TiO2 by thermal oxidation, and sputter deposition of Pt was evaluated by using measurements of sheet resistance and X-ray diffraction. Nonlinearity of the reciprocal sheet resistance dependence on thickness revealed a change in the Ti conductivity that was attributed to a change in the Ti microstructure. Upon conversion to TiO2, it was determined that TiO2 exhibits a critical thickness of 32 nm that minimizes normal strain and {100}-textured misorientation and correlates with the onset of the Ti reciprocal sheet resistance nonlinearity. Both the TiO2 {100}-strain and {100}-texture directly affects the {111}-textured growth of Pt deposited at 500 °C. Pt deposited onto TiO2 films with the critical thickness of 32 nm exhibits a maximization of the normal strain relative to bulk Pt and also displays the narrowest distribution of Pt {111}-textured grain misalignment. The results presented show how Ti deposition conditions, TiO2 anneal conditions, and TiO2 thickness combine to modify the Pt electrode structural properties. Additionally, the measurement techniques demonstrated for the Ti, TiO2, and Pt are applicable to process control monitoring as well as standardized comparison of electrode structures used in integrated piezoelectric and ferroelectric devices.
Cognitive reappraisal reduces perceived exertion during endurance exercise

Emotion regulation may influence psychological responses to exercise. We examined whether the emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and distraction, influenced psychological state and prefrontal cortex oxygenation during endurance exercise. Twenty-four endurance runners ran for 90 min at 75–85% maximum heart rate in three separate sessions with no instruction or with instructions to use cognitive reappraisal or distraction. Participants rated their emotional arousal, emotional valence, and perceived exertion before, every 30 min during, and after exercise. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy quantified changes in prefrontal cortex oxygenation. Participants felt lower emotional arousal and physical exertion when instructed to utilize cognitive reappraisal than when given no emotion regulation instruction. Such responses to distraction did not differ from the other conditions. Emotion regulation strategies did not influence emotional valence or prefrontal cortex oxygenation. Participants’ analytical interpretation of the cognitive reappraisal instruction could contribute to small effect sizes and limited effects. Further research should determine contexts under which emotion regulation strategies most benefit endurance exercise experience.
Diversified mentoring relationships: contested space for mutual learning?

Diversity is ever present in today’s organizations and hence, is a part and parcel of mentoring relationships (Chandler and Ellis 2011). Diversified mentoring relationships include mentors and ment...
Invitro complementation in the tryptophan synthetase system of Neurospora

Abstract When certain allelic mutants of Neurospora are mixed, an enzyme activity which was absent in the individually cultured mutants is restored. This phenomenon is generally called interallelic complementation (or as in the present communication, simply complementation . Such complementation may occur in vivo as the result of heterokaryon farmation ( Woodward et al., 1958 , Fincham, 1959 ) or in vitro when certain mycelial extracts are mixed ( Woodward, 1959 ). The present report is concerned with in vitro complementation observed in the tryptophan synthetase system of Neurospora .
Mental and Physical Health Profiles of Maltreated Youth.

Abstract To examine both mental and physical health profiles of children diagnosed as maltreated in the community, we studied diagnoses in the electronic health records (EHRs) of youth assigned maltreatment-related diagnoses (N = 406) and well-matched youth without a maltreatment-related diagnosis (N = 406) during a four-year period in a large healthcare system that covers eight hospitals and over 40 clinics. Data extracted automatically from the EHRs was supplemented by manual chart review. The odds of the maltreated group being assigned a code for mental illness was 2.69 times higher than the odds for the comparison group, with large differences in mood and anxiety disorders and suicidality. The odds of having an injury or poisoning diagnosis were 3.45 times higher in maltreated than in comparison youth. Maltreated youth were also less likely to have been immunized. Nevertheless, contrary to our hypothesis, maltreated youth had significantly lower rates of diagnoses across almost all major physical disease categories assessed and did not differ from comparison youth in terms of body mass index (BMI). Furthermore, maltreated youth were assigned fewer diagnoses than comparison youth whether they came in for at least one preventive visit or not. Findings suggest a need for health care professionals to be prepared to address the high rates of mental disorders in maltreated youth, to be more vigilant about possible physical disorders in this population, and to take greater advantage of opportunities to immunize these youth.
CMET-01. CLINICAL AND DOSIMETRIC FACTORS RELATED TO RADIATION NECROSIS AFTER FIVE FRACTION RADIOSURGERY FOR RESECTED BRAIN METASTASES

PURPOSE Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) is increasingly utilized in the management of resected brain metastases (rBM). A significant complication is radiation necrosis (RN) due to larger target size. Despite dose de-escalation and hypofractionation, rates of RN after SRS to rBM remain high. The aim of this analysis is to evaluate dosimetric parameters associated with RN for rBM.
Transformation model estimation of survival under dependent truncation and independent censoring

Truncation is a mechanism that permits observation of selected subjects from a source population; subjects are excluded if their event times are not contained within subject-specific intervals. Sta...
ÍNDIOS NA CONSTITUIÇÃO

RESUMO Ha 30 anos, na Constituicao, os direitos dos indios, que ja eram consagrados na Republica desde a Carta de 1934, foram, pela primeira vez, objeto de um capitulo especifico. O estudo dos desmandos praticados contra eles levou a uma fundamentacao e a uma explicitacao desses direitos. O modo de vida dos povos indigenas no Brasil foi reconhecido, bem como sua capacidade juridica autonoma acrescida da protecao do MPF. Na Constituinte, acusacoes orquestradas de conspiracao contra os interesses nacionais procuraram sem sucesso total destruir os avancos logrados. Nunca desistiram, e hoje acumulam-se ameacas aos direitos constitucionais dos indios.
Maternal aripiprazole exposure interacts with 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase mutations and alters embryonic neurodevelopment

Mutations in both copies in the gene encoding 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) cause Smith–Lemli–Opitz Syndrome (SLOS), which is characterized by a toxic elevation in 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC). Aripiprazole (ARI) exposure, independent of genetic mutations, also leads to elevation of 7-DHC. We investigated the combined effect of a single-copy Dhcr7+/− mutation and maternal ARI exposure on the developing offspring brain. We generated a time-pregnant mouse model where WT and Dhcr7+/− embryos were maternally exposed to ARI or vehicle (VEH) from E12 to E19 (5 mg/kg). Levels of cholesterol, its precursors, ARI and its metabolites were measured at P0. We found that ARI and its metabolites were transported across the placenta and reached the brain of offspring. Maternal ARI exposure led to decreased viability of embryos and increased 7-DHC levels, regardless of maternal or offspring Dhcr7 genotype. In addition, Dhcr7+/− pups were more vulnerable to maternal ARI exposure than their WT littermates, and maternal Dhcr7+/− genotype also exacerbated offspring response to ARI treatment. Finally, both 7-DHC levels and 7-DHC/cholesterol ratio is the highest in Dhcr7+/− pups from Dhcr7+/− mothers exposed to ARI, underscoring a potentially dangerous interaction between maternal genotype×embryonic genotype×treatment. Our findings have important clinical implications. SLOS patients should avoid drugs that increase 7-DHC levels such as ARI, trazodone and haloperidol. In addition, treatment with 7-DHC elevating substances might be potentially unsafe for the 1–1.5% of population with single-allele disruptions of the DHCR7 gene. Finally, prenatal and parental genetic testing for DHCR7 should be considered before prescribing sterol-interfering medications during pregnancy.
A Computerized Adjustment of APR Strips

The early graphical-numerical procedure of strip adjustment using Airborne Profile Recorder data, developed at the National Research Council of Canada, has been replaced by a computerized procedure...
Potential of the Commercial Sector to Participate in the Demand Side Management Program

The demand side management (DSM) has been conceived to improve the efficiency and flexibility of the power grids. Currently, different types of DSM programs, such as demand response, the efficiency of power delivery, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) improvements and distributed energy storage, have been developed and implemented by different utility companies. Since DSM is not a one-size-fit-all program, detailed consumers’ consumption data are required to both develop and improve effective DSM programs for different consumers. The rapid expansion of the advanced metering infrastructure in recent years has produced an enormous amount of data which can be utilized by utility companies for the DSM applications. Based upon the consumption characteristics of different types of consumers, various DSM programs can be developed and applied accordingly. This article analyzes and studies the practical smart meter data of commercial consumers from New York City considering the potential of commercial consumers’ participation for DSM applications, and it provides a better understanding of the power consumption pattern of commercial consumers in the urban area. Both utility companies and commercial consumers could benefit from this article to develop and participate in DSM programs, respectively.
CARD8/BCL-2 cascade in early adaptive drug resistant tumor escape against targeted inhibitors in NSCLC.

e22032 Background: Lung cancer targeted therapy is largely limited by inevitable recurrent resistant disease after initial response to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (E...
Nonlinear Spark Resistance and Capacitive Circuit Models of Electrostatic Discharge

Over the past century, several models of spark discharge have been developed that approximate the effect of a spark channel in a circuit as a nonlinear resistance. In this article, we review the physical derivations of a set of spark models, and give analytical and numerical solutions to spark discharges in simple capacitive circuits. In electrostatic discharge (ESD), we find the drop in spark resistance is limited by the initial stored charge in the system. For a simpler ESD model (spark resistance in series with the electrode capacitance), we obtain the analytical solutions for a spark resistance model of a general integral form, consisting of the time integral of the current raised to an arbitrary power. We also consider a circuit with an additional fixed “victim” resistance in series with the spark resistance, and capacitance. Here, although the general case requires numerical solution, it is possible to find asymptotic limits for the case of the Rompe and Weizel spark model. Our analysis provides insights into system response that can, for example, be used to evaluate risk zones of parameter space for ESD protection.
No Difference in Relapse Free Survival When Comparing Reduced Intensity Conditioning Regimens in Transplant for Myeloid Malignancies

Introduction Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) remains a curative therapy for many patients with myeloid disorders. Conditioning regimens to reduce disease burden and decrease the risk of graft rejection are implemented prior to HCT through the form of conditioning regimens. While many of these regimens are available, there is no consensus and regimens are oftentimes institution-dependent [1]. We present a retrospective analysis of several reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens. Methods This was a retrospective study with an aim of comparing survival outcomes in patients with myeloid disorders [acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), myelodysplastic disorders (MDS), and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN)] who underwent HCT at our institution between the years 2008-2017. RIC regimens included carmustine + fludarabine + melphalan (BCNU/Flu/Mel), fludarabine + melphalan (Flu/Mel), and busulfan + fludarabine (RIC Bu/Flu). Baseline disease and patient-related characteristics were obtained by systematic review of the electronic medical record. Overall survival and relapse-free survival were estimated according to the Kaplan Meier method. Cox proportional hazards regression models were estimated with conditioning regimen and ASBMT risk levels as predictors of relapse-free survival. Linear Model ANOVA and Pearson's Chi-squared test were utilized to examine differences in patient characteristics by regimen group. Results There were 154 patients included. Of these, 120 (44.4%) were women, and the median patient age at transplant was 64 years. Patients were diagnosed with AML (48.7%), MDS/MPN (42.9%), CML (1.3%) or other variants (7.1%). A majority of patients (81.2%) received matched unrelated donor (MUD) transplants with others receiving allogenic (18.8%) transplants. Most patients were classified as low risk (49.3%), 40.8% were classified as high risk, and 9.9% were classified as intermediate risk using ASBMT guidelines. Median length of follow-up post treatment across all patients was 651 days. The three year rate of relapse-free survival was 74% (95% CI 0.64-0.84) for patients who received a RIC. Statistically significant differences by regimen group at p
Community Partnerships and the Care of Latinos with Dementia: A Call for Action

Latinos represent a rapidly growing segment of the population of the United States of America (USA). Because of high fertility, this population is relatively young; although like other groups, it is aging rapidly. Latino life expectancy is similar to, or higher than, that of non-Hispanic whites; however, much of the additional years of life for many Latinos are characterized by poor health and functional limitations, as well as increasing levels of dependency. In this chapter we review the institutional environment in which communities provide care to Latino infirm, aging individuals, especially those with dementia. A major focus of this chapter is the potential role of civil society organizations (CSOs) in aiding Latino communities. CSO is a term which includes non-governmental and faith-based organizations. The focus on CSOs is motivated by the fact that despite these governmental programs, the magnitude of the aging of most nations’ populations, in addition to the attendant fiscal and administrative challenges, signifies that governments alone will certainly not be able to address all of the needs of older citizens, particularly those of Latino descent. As this chapter documents, demographic and social changes have reduced the family’s ability to provide extensive hands-on care to its elderly afflicted by dementia. The core theoretical and practical question that this chapter’s analysis raises relates to the potential role of CSOs as advocates for and complementary providers of care to the elderly.
Chapter 7 – Hexapeptides

Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates the properties of hexapeptides. The ONP method has been used by Hruby and colleagues in a synthesis of the 20-membered cyclic disulfide designated tocinoic acid that encompasses the tocin ring of oxytocin. In addition to the oxytocin-(1–6)-hexapeptide amide, the vasopressin-(1–6)-hexapeptide amide has also been recently synthesized. The tripeptide side chain of the naturally occurring nonapeptide hormones is necessary for the pressor effects as neither amide shows any influence on the despinalized rat blood pressure. Otherwise, both exhibit some of the usual oxytocin and vasopressin activity.
Feasibility of robotic-assisted minimally invasive inguinal hernia repair in patients with urologic considerations including artificial urinary sphincters and bladder herniation

Robotic surgical technology has the potential to broaden the applicability of minimally invasive approaches into more complex, technically challenging inguinal hernia repairs. A unique patient population requiring inguinal hernia repair are those patients who either have artificial urinary sphincters (AUS) or inguinal bladder herniation (IBH). Traditionally, these patients have not been considered candidates for minimally invasive inguinal hernia repairs. Through this retrospective series, we aim to contribute to the growing body of literature on robotic-assisted inguinal hernia repair (RIHR) by describing our experience with RIHR in this patient subset. We performed a retrospective chart review of RIHR cases performed from June 2017 to April 2019 by a single surgeon at our university-affiliated community hospital. Charts were reviewed for preoperative considerations, operative complications, and postoperative outcomes. A total of three patients with an AUS and six patients with IBH were included, all of whom were male. All the patients received transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) approaches, and all received placement of mesh. There were no intraoperative complications and no conversions to open surgery. Postoperatively, one patient with IBH had persistent surgical site pain that resolved after 3 weeks and one patient, also with IBH, had a surgical site seroma that resolved without further intervention. Mean follow-up time was 10.71 and 12.13 months for patients with AUS and IBH, respectively. No patients reported hernia recurrence during this time. This review suggests that the use of robotic assistance for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is safe and effective and may provide additional benefits for patients with concurrent urological considerations such as AUS and IBH.
The strategic dilemma of counter-cyclical capital investment

This research investigates the timing of strategic investment decisions in response to changing conditions in the macro-economic environment. Managers face a strategic dilemma when making capital investments within the macro-economic cycle: even though resources may be scarce during downturns, firms with managerial capabilities can exploit factor markets to make profitable investments. We first show that managers recognise the importance of investing through economic downturns (i.e., investing counter-cyclically), but we also hypothesise and show that firms invest less during economic contractions (i.e., they do not invest counter-cyclically). We then hypothesise and find that performance is declining in investment, suggesting that contingent factors may influence successful capital investments. Our main hypothesis and test demonstrate that firms increasing capital investment during macro-economic downturns experience greater forward performance over one, two, and three-year horizons. We also show that the underlying mechanisms of this increased performance may be the temporal orientation (i.e., investment horizon) of strategic capital allocation and the firm's dependence on external sources of financing. The analyses in this paper suggest that executives should make capital investments when it is perhaps the most difficult to do so.
Cyberattack-resilient load forecasting with adaptive robust regression

Abstract Cyberattacks in power systems that alter the input data of a load forecasting model have serious, potentially devastating consequences. Existing cyberattack-resilient work focuses mainly on enhancing attack detection. Although some outliers can be easily identified, more carefully designed attacks can escape detection and impact load forecasting. Here, a cyberattack-resilient load forecasting approach based on an adaptive robust regression method is proposed, where the observations are trimmed based on their residuals and the proportion of the trim is adaptively determined by an estimation of the contaminated data proportion. An extensive comparison study shows that the proposed method outperforms the standard robust regression in various settings.
Individual Differences and Expectations of Automated Vehicles

Despite the benefits of automated vehicles (AVs), there are still barriers to their widespread adoption. Expectations about AVs have been identified as one of the most important factors in understa...
The Melampsora americana population on Salix purpurea in the Great Lakes region is highly diverse with a contributory influence of clonality.

Shrub willows (Salix spp.) are emerging as a viable lignocellulosic, second-generation bioenergy crop with many growth characteristics favorable for marginal lands in New York State and surrounding areas. Willow rust, caused by members of the genus Melampsora, is the most limiting disease of shrub willow in this region and remains extremely understudied. In this study, genetic diversity, genetic structure, and pathogen clonality were examined in Melampsora americana over two growing seasons using genotyping-by-sequencing to identify single nucleotide polymorphism markers. In conjunction with this project, a reference genome of rust isolate R15-033-03 was generated to aid in variant discovery. Sampling between years allowed for regional and site-specific investigation into population dynamics, in the context of both wild and cultivated hosts within high density plantings. This work revealed that this pathogen is largely panmictic over the sampled areas with few sites showing moderate genetic differentiation. This data supports the hypothesis of sexual recombination between growing seasons as no genotype persisted across the two years of sampling. Additionally, clonality was determined as a driver of pathogen populations within cultivated fields and single shrubs, however there is also evidence of high genetic diversity of rust isolates in all settings. Together, this work provides a framework for M. americana population structure in the Great Lakes region, providing crucial information that can aid in future resistance breeding efforts.
Modeling the Impact of Prehospital Triage on a True-Life Drip and Ship Mechanical Thrombectomy Urban Patient Cohort.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to model the effect of prehospital triage of emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) to endovascular capable center (ECC) on the timing of thrombectomy and intravenous (IV) thrombolysis using real-world data from a multihospital system. METHODS We selected a cohort of 77 consecutive stroke patients who were brought by emergency medical services (EMS) to a nonendovascular capable center and then transferred to an ECC for mechanical thrombectomy (MT) ("actual" drip and ship [DS] cohort). We created a hypothetical scenario (bypass model [BM]), modeling transfer of the patients directly to an ECC, based on patients' initial EMS pickup address and closest ECC. Using another cohort of 73 consecutive patients, who were brought directly to an ECC by EMS and underwent endovascular intervention, we calculated mean door-to-needle and door-to-arterial puncture (AP) times ("actual" mothership [MS] cohort). Timings in the actual MS cohort and the actual DS cohort were compared to timings from the BM cohort. RESULTS Median first medical contact (FMC) to IV thrombolysis time was 87.5 min (interquartile range [IQR] = 38) for the DS versus 78.5 min (IQR = 8.96) for the BM cohort, with p = 0.1672. Median FMC to AP was 244 min (IQR = 97) versus 147 min (IQR = 8.96) (p < 0.001), and median FMC to TICI 2B+ time was 299 min (IQR = 108.5) versus 197 min (IQR = 8.96) (p < 0.001) for the DS versus BM cohort, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Modeled EMS prehospital triage of ELVO patients' results in shorter MT times without a change in thrombolysis times. As triage tools increase in sensitivity and specificity, EMS triage protocols stand to improve patient outcomes.
Regulative Loops, Step Loops and Task Loops

This commentary suggests a generalization of the conception of the behavior of tutoring systems, which the target article characterized as having an outer loop that was executed once per task and an inner loop that was executed once per step of the task. A more general conception sees these two loops as instances of regulative loops, which repeatedly compare students' performances to a gold standard and give advice on how to bring that performance closer to the standard.
Dedication to Dean Edward Settle Godfrey, III

This article is an annotated bibliography of the works of Dean Edward Settle Godfrey, III, the founding dean of the University of Maine School of Law. It includes his published works as a professor at Albany Law School, Dean and Professor Emeritus at the University of Maine School of Law, and as an Associate Justice for the Maine Supreme Judicial Court. Also included in this article are the tributes made on February 5, 2005, on the occasion of his passing, by various members of the Maine legal community.
Auditory Startle Response is Diminished in Rats after Recovery from Perinatal Copper Deficiency

Recovery from perinatal copper deficiency was studied in female and male Sprague Dawley rats for 6 mo. Month-old offspring reared by dams on copper-deficient treatment starting d 7 of pregnancy had up to 80% reductions in regional brain copper concentrations compared with offspring from copper-supplemented dams. Liver copper concentrations and plasma ceruloplasmin diamine oxidase activities of copper-deficient rats were restored to control levels within 1 mo of nutritional repletion with dietary copper. However, brain copper concentrations, with the exception of the hypothalamus and medulla, remained lower than in controls even after 5 mo of treatment. Rats were screened for startle responses and foot splay after 1, 3 and 5 mo of repletion. Diminished auditory startle was evident in rats of both sexes at all repletion times tested, whereas tactile startle and preimpulse inhibition of tactile startle were not influenced by prior copper deficiency, suggesting auditory sensory perception abnormalities. In a separate study, postweanling male rats deprived of dietary copper for 5 wk exhibited clear signs of copper deficiency but normal acoustic startle responses and foot splay. Long-term neurochemical and behavioral abnormalities persist in rats after perinatal copper deficiency.
What Pediatric Subspecialists Need to Know About Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Review of the American Board of Pediatrics Content Outlines for Subspecialty Certifying Examinations

ABSTRACT Many adolescents with complex medical conditions regard their subspecialty providers as an important source of clinical information including sexual and reproductive health information related to their medical condition. Thus, training for pediatric subspecialty providers should include clinically relevant sexual and reproductive content. The purpose of this study is to understand what disease-relevant sexual and reproductive health information is currently included in content outlines for each of the available pediatric subspecialty certifying examinations. The American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) offers 17 subspecialty certifying examinations; 13 content outlines are available on the ABP website which defines the body of knowledge to be tested. Each available outline underwent content analysis for sexual and reproductive health information. A team of adolescent medicine physicians identified seven thematic areas including: 1) puberty; 2) sexual behavior and identity; 3) fertility; 4) contraceptio...
Software Configuration Management

Software development is a dynamic process in which engineers constantly modify and refine their systems. Fundamental sources of change are usually associated with error correction, adaptations required to accommodate changes to external environments, and changes caused by changing requirements, design, or extensions of system functionality. Confusion among software engineers will develop when changes are not analyzed before they are made, recorded before they are implemented, reported to those with a need to know or controlled in a manner that will improve quality and reduce error. The discipline of identifying, organizing, and controlling modifications to a software system is called software configuration management (SCM). The ultimate goal of SCM is to maximize productivity by minimizing mistakes and to maintain software integrity, traceability, and accountability. This article summarizes the state of the art in both research and practice, as well as the well-established and advanced technologies in the area of SCM. Keywords: software configuration management; version control
Abstract 3934: Angiogenin and PlexinB2 promote glioblastoma progression by stimulating tumor angiogenesis, cancer cell survival and invasion

Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors secrete high level of angiogenic factors and feature vascular abnormality. Targeted therapy, such as Bevacizumab, which neutralizes VEGF and normalizes tumor vasculature, has been approved to treat recurrent GBM. However, it only marginally increases patients9 overall survival with inevitable resistance. It suggests that therapy targeting complementary angiogenic pathway in GBM could suppress Bevacizumab resistance and extend patients9 survival. Angiogenin (ANG) is involved in tumor angiogenesis where it regulates ribosomal RNA transcription and functions downstream of VEGF and other related angiogenic factors. Like VEGF, ANG is also up-regulated in GBM patients. Inhibition of ANG by neutralizing monoclonal antibody delays U87 human GBM xenografts on nude mice. My preliminary data have shown that ANG is essential for GBM cell line s.c. vessel formation and tumor proliferation. In Rcas/tva orthotropic GBM model, Ang1 knockout mice show lower penetration and better survivals. ANG knockdown increases apoptosis during GBM cell line colony formation in agarose. Notably, ANG9s role in tumor proliferation might extend beyond GBM, since oncogenic KRas transformed Ang1 knockout MEFs also fail to grow in agarose. Lastly, I have shown that PlexinB2, ANG cellular receptor, can mediate ANG cellular uptake and also modulate GBM apoptosis in agarose. In conclusion, inhibition of ANG inhibits GBM progression both in vitro and in vivo and thus represents a new molecular target for GBM treatment. Citation Format: Hailing Yang, Guo-fu Hu. Angiogenin and PlexinB2 promote glioblastoma progression by stimulating tumor angiogenesis, cancer cell survival and invasion. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3934. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3934
EBV primary infection in childhood and its relation to B-cell lymphoma development: a mini-review from a developing region.

Fil: Chabay, Paola Andrea. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Ninos "Ricardo Gutierrez"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina
Recent Advances in Proteomics and Cancer Biomarker Discovery

Early diagnosis and prevention is a key factor in reducing the mortality and morbidity of cancer. However, currently available screening tools lack enough sensitivity for early diagnosis. It is important to develop noninvasive techniques and methods that can screen and identify asymptomatic patients who have cancer. Biomarkers of cancer status can also serve as powerful tools in monitoring the course of cancer and in determining the efficacy and safety of novel therapies. Thus, discovery of novel specific biomarkers are needed that may provide informative clues for early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Recently, remarkable progress has been made in the development of new proteomics technology. The progress that has been made in this field is helpful in identifying biomarkers that can be used for early diagnosis of cancer and improving the understanding of the molecular etiological mechanism of cancer. This article describes the current state of the art in this field.
Free Trade Negotiations at Crossroads: An Attempted Legal Framework for Economic Integration between the United States and the Republic of Korea?

The paper provides a detailed analysis of the current U.S. - Korea free trade agreement (FTA) negotiations. The currently negotiated U.S. - Korean FTA may offer a legal framework for economic integration between the United States and Korea in the sense that the FTA attempts to bring Korea's legal standards and business practices in line with those of the United States. The "comprehensive FTAs" that the United States has promoted over the years go beyond removal of tariff and non-tariff barriers but affect an array of domestic public policies as discussed in the paper. Significant disparity in gains expected from the U.S. - Korea FTA is another concern for Korea. Either success or failure of the U.S. - Korea FTA negotiations is expected to have a significant impact on future trade relations in Asia. Its failure may lead to a pan-Asian free trade area among Korea, China, and South East Asia, without participation of the United States and its success may create a biggest free trade area in the world, including the United States, Korea, and Japan.
Risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with pancreatic cyst

Background and Aims Certain pancreatic cysts (mucinous cystic neoplasm and side branch intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm [IPMN]) have malignant potential and require surveillance. However, whether patients with pancreatic cysts have a higher long-term risk of pancreatic cancer (PaCa) has still not been established. Methods This was a retrospective study of Veterans Administration patients. Patients noted to have pancreatic cysts on CT/magnetic resonance imaging (n = 1050) were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Patients aged Results During the study period, in group A and B PaCa was diagnosed in 17 and 1206 patients, respectively, and the incidence rate of PaCa was 5.08 and .32 per 1000 patient-years, respectively. The hazard ratio of PaCa in all patients with cysts was 19.64 (95% CI, 12.12-31.82; P P Conclusion Patients with pancreatic cysts have a significantly higher overall risk of PaCa. The etiologic distribution of cysts in our study patients is not available. Patients with mucinous cystic neoplasm and side branch IPMN are likely to have a higher risk of PaCa than our estimation of risk based on all etiologies.
A location transparent and cost effective routing algorithm for mobile componentware interaction and coordination

As communication and computing entities such as computer hosts, componentware, network services, and software agents are becoming decentralized, peer-to-peer, dynamic and mobile, these entities ought to be treated as mobile and virtual, instead of physical only. This paper presents a location transparent and cost effective naming and routing algorithm for coordinating and interacting mobile componentware. With location transparency through this routing and naming method, any physical wiring, connections, and inevitable changes among hosts and network configurations are encapsulated. Location transparent routing reduces the burden on keeping track of mobile componentware entities' physical trail. The primitive test result affirms the algorithm's promise.
A Critical Theory of Adult and Community Education.

Critical theory is one of the most influential theoretical frameworks influencing scholarship within the field of adult and community education. This chapter outlines what constitute the chief elements of critical theory using Horkheimerâ€™s (1937/1995) classic essay as a touchstone for this analysis. It argues for a set of adult learning tasks that are embedded in this analysis and that apply both to formal adult education settings and informal learning projects carried out in communities. Future likely trends are the extension of critical theoryâ€™s unit of analysis to include race, class, gender, disability, and sexual identity, and critical analysis of digital technologies.
Corn and Soil Fertility Responses to Crop Rotation with Low, Medium, or High Inputs

Corn (Zea mays L.) grown in annual rotation with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has greater mineral nutrient accumulation and higher yields than corn grown in monoculture. This study was conducted to determine how crop rotation (continuous corn vs. corn rotated with soybean) with different input levels (tillage, herbicide, insecticide, and fertilizer rates varied to achieve high, intermediate, and low treatments) affected corn shoot dry weight, mineral nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) composition at tasseling, pregrowing-season soil fertility (pH, organic matter, NO 3 - N, P, K, and total N), and grain yield on a Vienna loam (fine-loamy, mixed Udic Haploboroll) near Brookings, SD. Crop rotation increased total soil N and NO 3 - -N but decreased P when compared with continuous corn. The high input treatment resulted in higher soil NO 3 - -N levels than either the intermediate or low input treatments. Rotation with intermediate input increased corn shoot dry weight and P, K, and Ca accumulation compared with continuous corn with intermediate input. Grain yield responded differently to input levels within the two rotations. Corn yield following soybean was 32% greater than for continuous corn with intermediate inputs, but with high input levels there was no difference between rotation treatments. These results suggest that the level of inputs provided for corn can affect the crop rotation response.