cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improved isolation of normal human reticulocytes via exploitation of chloride-dependent potassium transport.

Studies on normal human reticulocytes have been limited by a lack of methods for effective reticulocyte enrichment. This study shows a convenient new approach for selective enrichment of reticulocytes from normal blood samples. We have developed a modified arabinogalactan density gradient that contains high potassium levels, approximating the internal cation composition of red blood cells (RBC). The low-density populations from this gradient are enriched in reticulocytes, and the highly selected lowest density fraction shows a much higher reticulocyte enrichment than that obtained with high sodium chloride arabinogalactan density gradients, or other previously reported density gradient methods. We found that this improved isolation is caused by suppression of potassium loss and reticulocyte dehydration via chloride (KCI) cotransport. When the low-density fraction of RBC from a high- potassium gradient was subsequently incubated in high sodium chloride medium and reseparated on a sodium chloride density gradient, the reticulocytes dehydrated and were recovered in high-density fractions. The highest-density fractions from this secondary gradient yield 95% to 99% reticulocytes. We anticipate that this method will benefit investigators who require reticulocyte enriched populations for a wide variety of applications.
Doctors take on the state: championing patients' right to pain treatment.

Human Rights Watch researchers have interviewed thousands of victims of torture. When we began interviewing patients who had suffered illness with untreated severe pain, some aspects of their experiences were disturbingly similar. Both torture victims and patients who had suffered illness with untreated pain told us that all they had wanted was for the pain to stop. Many torture victims do or say anything that they think might stop the torture. Patients with untreated pain told us that they had contemplated suicide, told friends and relatives that they wanted to die and prayed for death (1). One patient with a painful tumour in his leg told us that he wanted doctors to amputate his limb to stop the pain. He said: 'The pain was so severe I felt like dying. I was very scared. I felt that it would be better to die than to have to bear this pain (2)'.
Why is the US Treasury contemplating becoming a lender of last resort for treasury securities

The U.S. Treasury announced in August 2005 that it is exploring whether to provide a backstop securities lending facility for U.S. Treasury securities. This paper examines the conceptual basis for such a facility by comparing the market for borrowing and lending Treasury securities to the market for borrowing and lending money prior to the founding of the Federal Reserve System. An inelastic supply of currency in the nineteenth century led to periodic suspensions of convertibility of bank deposits; Congress authorized a system of Federal Reserve Banks to address the problem. A similarly inelastic supply of Treasury securities has contributed to several recent episodes of chronic settlement fails. A backstop lending facility would mitigate the fails problem by allowing the Treasury to act as a lender of last resort of Treasury securities during periods of unusual market stress.
Code factoring and the evolution of evolvability

Evolvability can be defined as the capacity of a population to evolve. We show that one advantage of Automatically Defined Functions (ADFs) in genetic programming is their ability to increase the evolvability of a population over time. We observe this evolution of evolvability in experiments using genetic programming to solve a symbolic regression problem that varies in a partially unpredictable manner. When ADFs are part of a tree's architecture, then not only do average populations recover from periodic changes in the fitness function, but that recovery rate itself increases over time, as the trees adopt modular software designs more suited to the changing requirements of their environment.
Sustainable transition process for young people with chronic conditions: a narrative summary on achieved cooperation between paediatric and adult medical teams.

Background Transfer of young people (YP) with chronic conditions to adult-centred multi-professional care (AdCC) has been discussed for decades. Generic principles for transition have been proposed, but resulting outcomes have not, on the whole, been documented and the burden of ensuring suitable transition continues to lie in the field of paediatrics. The emerging knowledge of the brain maturing into the twenties together with the enforced transfer of patients at 18.0 years of age has made paediatric clinics in Sweden reconsider their transition protocols. Methods Paediatrics-centred multi-professional care (PedCC) teams and AdCC teams in one administrative area participated in joint small group discussions on principles for transition during 2 days. The suggested principles were then given to next group in another administrative area for evaluation and elaboration. Thirteen such seminars with small group discussions took place consecutively. Results After this process, six core principles emerged as acceptable and essential. 1 The age of 18.0 was accepted as a reasonable age for the transfer of all patients from PedCC to AdCC. 2 A draft was developed of the knowledge and skills that PedCC should teach patients and parents before age 18, to make transfer viable. 3 A draft was made of the psychosocial needs of YP for the latter part of transition, which would be the responsibility of AdCC. 4 A self-referral note was developed, where patients present their own needs. 5 YP dropping out of needed care after transfer was considered a violation of ethical codes that required finite action. 6 Joint small group discussions between PedCC and AdCC were found to be instrumental for cooperation. Follow-up seminars demonstrated sustainability and spontaneous spreading of the principles. Conclusion Small group discussions between PedCC and AdCC were pivotal in creating a sustainable process for transition. It was possible to agree on six core principles and share the responsibility between PedCC and AdCC.
Halogenated ketenes—IV

Abstract Methylbromo, ethylbromo- and ethylchloroketenes have been prepared and undergo 1,2-cycloaddition with cyclopentadiene to form bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-ones. The cycloadducts were prepared by generating the alkylhalokenes by dehydrohalogenation of the appropriately substituted acid halide in the presence of cyclopentadiene. Methylchloroketene also undergoes cycloaddition very readily with ethyl vinyl ether. cis and trans Isomers were produced in all cases and the isomer distributions determined.
Disease Induction by Virus Derived from Molecular Clones of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus

Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), a macrophage-tropic lentivirus, causes persistent infections of horses. A number of biologic features, including the rapid development of acute disease, the episodic nature of chronic disease, the propensity for viral genetic variation, and the ability for many infected animals to eventually control virus replication, render EIAV a potentially useful model system for the testing of antiretroviral therapies and vaccine strategies. The utility of the EIAV system has been hampered by the lack of proviral clones that encode promptly pathogenic viral stocks. In this report, we describe the generation and characterization of two infectious molecular clones capable of causing acute clinical syndromes similar to those seen in natural infections. Virus derived from clone p19/wenv17 caused severe debilitating disease at 5 to 7 days postinfection; initial febrile episodes were fatal in two of three infected animals. Virus derived from a second clone, p19/wenv16, caused somewhat milder primary febrile episodes by 10 to 12 days postinfection in two of two infected animals. Virus derived from both clones caused persistent infections such that some animals exhibited chronic equine infectious anemia, characterized by multiple disease episodes. The two virulent clones differ in envelope and rev sequences.
Fermentation of Insoluble Cellulose by Continuous Cultures of Ruminococcus albus.

The hydrolysis and fermentation of insoluble cellulose (Avicel) by continuous cultures of Ruminococcus albus 7 was studied. An anaerobic continuous culture apparatus was designed which permitted gas collection, continuous feeding, and wasting at different retention times. The operation of the apparatus was controlled by a personal computer. Cellulose destruction ranged from ca. 30 to 70% for hydraulic retention times of 0.5 to 2.0 days. Carbon recovery in products was 92 to 97%, and the oxidation-reduction ratios ranged from 0.91 to 1.15. The total product yield (biomass not included) per gram of cellulose (expressed as glucose) was 0.83 g g−1, and the ethanol yield was 0.41 g g−1. The product yield was constant, indicating that product formation was growth linked.
Clearance of folliculotropic and tumor mycosis fungoides with topical 5% imiquimod

Mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, is composed of skin-homing mature effector T lymphocytes.1 Limited patch or plaque disease generally follows an indolent course with little, if any, effect on overall survival; therefore, skin-directed therapies are preferred and include corticosteroids, nitrogen mustard, phototherapy, and radiotherapy.2 Systemic interferon alfa has long been used in the treatment of more generalized disease by enhancing cytotoxic helper T cell (Th)1 lymphocyte and natural killer cell responses and suppressing Th2 differentiation, but is not used for limited disease secondary to its side-effect profile and method of administration.3 Imiquimod is a topical immunomodulator that stimulates a Th1 response through activation of toll-like receptor 7 on plasmacytoid dendritic cells, leading to production of interferon alpha, tumor necrosis factor alfa, and interleukin-12.4 Production of this cytotoxic cytokine milieu is thought to be the driving force in the treatment of condyloma, molluscum contagiosum, superficial basal cell carcinomas, lentigo maligna, and cutaneous lymphomas.5 Several reports were published on the effectiveness of topical imiquimod in early-stage MF.6, 7 We present 2 cases highlighting the effectiveness of topical imiquimod in the treatment of folliculotropic and tumor MF.
``Nutrient Inputs to the Laurentian Great Lakes by Source and Watershed Estimated Using SPARROW Watershed Models'' by Dale M. Robertson and David A. Saad2

Richards, R. Peter, Ibrahim Alameddine, J. David Allan, David B. Baker, Nathan S. Bosch, Remegio Confesor, Joseph V. DePinto, David M. Dolan, Jeffrey M. Reutter, and Donald Scavia, 2012. Discussion –“Nutrient Inputs to the Laurentian Great Lakes by Source and Watershed Estimated Using SPARROW Watershed Models” by Dale M. Robertson and David A. Saad. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1-10. DOI: 10.1111/jawr.12006 Abstract: Results from the Upper Midwest Major River Basin (MRB3) SPARROW model and underlying Fluxmaster load estimates were compared with detailed data available in the Lake Erie and Ohio River watersheds. Fluxmaster and SPARROW estimates of tributary loads tend to be biased low for total phosphorus and high for total nitrogen. These and other limitations of the application led to an overestimation of the relative contribution of point sources vs. nonpoint sources of phosphorus to eutrophication conditions in Lake Erie, when compared with direct estimates for data-rich Ohio tributaries. These limitations include the use of a decade-old reference point (2002), lack of modeling of dissolved phosphorus, lack of inclusion of inputs from the Canadian Lake Erie watersheds and from Lake Huron, and the choice to summarize results for the entire United States Lake Erie watershed, as opposed to the key Western and Central Basin watersheds that drive Lake Erie’s eutrophication processes. Although the MRB3 SPARROW model helps to meet a critical need by modeling unmonitored watersheds and ranking rivers by their estimated relative contributions, we recommend caution in use of the MRB3 SPARRROW model for Lake Erie management, and argue that the management of agricultural nonpoint sources should continue to be the primary focus for the Western and Central Basins of Lake Erie.
Evidence for the transmission of parvovirus B19 in patients with bleeding disorders treated with plasma‐derived factor concentrates in the era of nucleic acid test screening

BACKGROUND: Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a small, nonenveloped virus that typically causes a benign flu-like illness that occurs most frequently in childhood. The virus is resistant to current viral inactivation steps used in the manufacture of antihemophilic factor concentrates and B19V transmission through these products has been documented. Since 2000, B19V nucleic acid test (NAT) screening of plasma pools has been implemented to further decrease the viral burden in these products, but no study has examined populations using these products to assess the impact of the screening on B19V transmission. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood specimens obtained from participants of a surveillance system established in federally supported specialized bleeding disorders clinics were used in a B19V seroprevalence study. RESULTS: A total of 1643 specimens from 1043 participants age 2 to 7 years born after B19V NAT screening was implemented were tested. Age-specific prevalence rates were generally higher for subjects exposed to either plasma-derived products alone or in combination with other products compared to subjects with no exposure to antihemophilic products. Overall, compared to participants unexposed to blood or blood products, those exposed to plasma-derived products alone were 1.7 times more likely to have antibodies to B19V (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: These results are consistent with continued B19V transmission through plasma-derived factor concentrates. Effective viral inactivation and detection processes are needed to protect users of these products from infection with B19V or other new or emerging viruses.
Magnetic transitions in bcc vanadium, chromium, manganese, and iron.

We have examined the transition from nonmagnetic to ferromagnetic behavior for elemental bcc vanadium, chromium, manganese, and iron by analyzing self-consistent parameter-free total-energy band-structure calculations in the local-spin-density approximation utilizing a fixed-spin-moment procedure. All systems are found to exhibit singular behavior and to undergo complex transitions as a function of volume. For each system, we find a set of critical Wigner-Seitz radii ${r}_{\mathrm{WS}}$ defining the onset of magnetic behavior and the end of nonmagnetic behavior. Vanadium and manganese exhibit composite (second-order and first-order) transitions with nonmagnetic low-spin and high-spin magnetic behavior. Chromium undergoes a first-order transition from nonmagnetic to magnetic behavior at expanded volumes, and iron undergoes a second-order transition and becomes nonmagnetic at reduced volumes.
Canine Pancreaticoduodenal Allotransplantation: A Preparation for Human Pancreatic Transplantation

This canine pancreaticodunodenal autotransplantation model includes virtually the entire pancreas attached to a duodenal cuff (second portion). The blood supply is based on the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery and the venous outflow on the gastroduodenal vein. The vascular anastomoses are end-to-side to the external iliac artery and vein. Exocrine drainage is channeled through the bladder from the transplanted duodenum. This technique closely resembles whole-organ pancreas transplant in humans with a cystoduodenostomy. The bowel reconstruction consists of a Billroth I gastroduodenostomy and a cholecystoduodenostomy. The entire procedure is relatively free of major complications and may be performed in less than 4 hours
Oxidative-Addition Reactions of a Monomeric Indium(I) Complex Supported by Tris (3,5-di-t-butylpyrazolyl)-hydroborato Ligation, [TpBu t 2 ]In: The Syntheses and Structures of [TpBu t 2 ]InI2 and [TpBu t 2 ]In(η2-S4)

The monomeric subvalent indium(I) complex supported by ligation of the tris(3,5-di-t-butylpyrazolyl)hydroborato ligand, [TpBu t 2 ]In, undergoes oxidative-addition reactions with elemental I2 and S8 to give the indium (III) complexes [TpBu t 2 ]InI2 and [TpBu t 2 ]In(η2-S4), respectively. [TpBu t 2 ]InI2 is monoclinic, P21/ n (No. 14), with a = 26.698(10) A, b = 10.801(3) A, c = 29.192(6) A, β = 92.07(3)°, V = 8412(4) A3 and Z = 8. [TpBu t 2 ]In(η2-S4) is monoclinic, C2/c (No. 15) with a = 38.150(8) A, b = 10.585(2) A, c = 23.984(3) A, β = 109.19(2)°, v = 9165(5) A3 and Z = 8.
Weak and electromagnetic form factors of baryons at large momentum transfer

Perturbative quantum-chromodynamic predictions are given for the weak and electromagnetic elastic and transition form factors of baryons at large momentum transfer $Q$. The leading (helicity-conserving) octet and decuplet form factors can all be expressed as linear combinations of the proton and neutron magnetic form factors. The predictions for the spin structure and relative normalization of the baryon form factors reflect the assumed $\mathrm{SU}{(2)}_{L}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{U}(1)$ structure of the electromagnetic and weak currents, quark and gluon hard-scattering dynamics, and the helicity-flavor symmetry of baryon wave functions at short distances. The results hold to all orders in ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}({Q}^{2})$ and to leading order in $\frac{m}{Q}$. We also discuss the special features of the contribution of the end-point $x\ensuremath{\sim}1$ region to baryon form factors.
Dispersion of the long-wavelength phonons in Ge, Si, GaAs, quartz, and sapphire

We have used the picosecond ultrasonic technique to measure the dispersion of long-wavelength longitudinal acoustic phonons in Ge, Si, GaAs, z-cut quartz, and sapphire. In these experiments, a subpicosecond light pulse was used to generate a strain pulse at one surface of the sample. After propagation through the sample, the shape of this strain pulse was modified because of the phonon dispersion. From this change in shape, the magnitude of the dispersion could be determined. The results are compared with various lattice dynamical models. We also report on measurements of the temperature dependence of the sound velocity and the acoustic attenuation.
Investigation of the Dynamic Radar Signatures of a Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine

The radar signatures of a vertical-axis wind turbine are investigated. Measurement and simulation are carried out for a 1.5-m-tall Darrieus-type turbine model. The backscattering phenomenology is examined in the sinogram and spectrogram. Subsequently, the radar signatures of a 112-m-tall turbine are examined in simulation. Its radar signatures are compared with those of a more commonly seen horizontal-axis wind turbine. Additionally, ground effects due to a conducting plane are considered.
Asset pricing in an inefficient market

Abstract A number of recent studies suggest that the hypothesis of informationally efficient capital markets may be incorrect. This has led Shiller [19] to propose integrating modern financial theory with behavioural alternatives. Whether markets are informationally efficient or not, valid models of asset pricing must explain the observed time series behaviour of changes in speculative prices. It is shown that this requirement severely restricts the class of possible models of asset pricing in an informationally inefficient capital market.
Connecting the Maximum Number of Nodes in the Grid to the Boundary with Nonintersecting Line Segments

Given a finite setSof nodes in a rectangular grid, we consider the problem of finding the maximum size subset ofSsuch that the nodes in the subset can be connected to the boundary of the grid by means of nonintersecting line segments parallel to the grid axes. The work is motivated from the VLSI/WSI array processor technology, and in particular, the single-track switch model for configurable array processors (S. Y. Kinget al.,Fault-tolerant array processors using single-track switches,IEEE Trans. Comput.38(1989), 501?514). The problem has been investigated by Bruck and Roychowdhury, who described an algorithm to find the maximum number of compatible connections ofngiven nodes in the grid inO(n3) time andO(n2) space (J. Bruck and V. P. Roychowdhury, How to play bowling in parallel on the grid,J. Algorithms12(1991), 516?529). In this paper, we improve their result by describing anO(n2logn) time andO(n2) space algorithm; instrumental in this improvement is the introduction of a new type of priority search trees which is of interest in its own right. Finally, we extend the algorithm to handle the additional constraint thatnear-missesare disallowed; this is the first algorithm to resolve this case, and, like the general algorithm, it runs inO(n2logn) time and requiresO(n2) space.
Gravitational radiation from a spinning ellipsoid of uniform density.

Gravitational radiation calculation of spinning ellipsoid of uniform density for estimation of energy loss rate of collapsing neutron star
Assessing and treating high-risk parenting attitudes.

(1989). Assessing and treating high‐risk parenting attitudes. Early Child Development and Care: Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 99-112.
The Predictive Value of Ductography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Management of Nipple Discharge

Background Standard evaluation (physical examination, mammography, sonography) often fails to identify an underlying lesion in patients with suspicious nipple discharge. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of ductography (DG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in this setting.
Negative Thermal Expansion in Ultrathin Plasma Polymerized Films

An intriguing large negative thermal expansion behavior was observed in ultrathin plasma polymer films. The thermal expansion of plasma polymerized films exhibited a profound hysteresis between the heating and cooling cycles. The surprising thermal behavior was explained as a consequence of high residual stresses caused by the “wedging” phenomenon.
Stability of continuous emulsion polymerization reactors: A detailed model analysis

Abstract A detailed steady state and dynamic model for continuous emulsion polymerization reactors is analysed for bifurcation structure. Both the steady state multiplicity and dynamic stability structures are determined. The analysis is compared with experimental data for methylmethacrylate polymerization. Simple S-shaped multiplicity and Hopf bifurcation are the dominant features of the dynamic behavior. The reactor residence time and radical desorption rate are found to be key parameters governing reactor stability.
Characterization of the NuoM (ND4) Subunit in Escherichia coli NDH-1 CONSERVED CHARGED RESIDUES ESSENTIAL FOR ENERGY-COUPLED ACTIVITIES

The proton-translocating NADH-quinone (Q) oxidoreductase (NDH-1) from Escherichia coli is composed of two segments: a peripheral arm and a membrane arm. The membrane arm contains 7 hydrophobic subunits. Of these subunits, NuoM, a homolog of the mitochondrial ND4 subunit, is proposed to be involved in proton translocation and Q-binding. Therefore, we conducted site-directed mutation of 15 amino acid residues of NuoM and investigated their properties. In all mutants, the assembly of the whole enzyme seemed intact. Mutation of highly conserved Glu144 and Lys234 leads to almost total elimination of energy-transducing NDH-1 activities as well as increased production of superoxide radicals. Their NADH dehydrogenase activities were almost normal. Because these two residues are predicted to be located in the transmembrane segments of NuoM, the results strongly suggest that they participate in proton translocation. Although it is hypothesized that His interacts with a Q head group, mutations at four His moderately inhibited NDH-1 activities and had almost no effect on the Km values for Q or IC50 values of capsaicin-40, a competitive inhibitor for the Q binding site. The data suggest that these His are not involved in the catalytic Q-binding. Functional roles of NuoM and advantages of NDH-1 research as a model for mitochondrial complex I study have been discussed.
Cluster analysis of non-insect macro-invertebrates of the upper potomac river

A series of limnological surveys carried out from 1956 until 1965 were made in the vicinity of the Dickerson Plant of the Potomac Electric Power Company by the Limnology Department of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. These surveys were made at various stages of growth of the power station and at high and low water levels of the river. Cluster analyses were made of the non-insect macro-invertebrates in order to provide a rapid and explicit means of analyzing the data, particularly relationships among aggregations of species. On the basis of the cluster analysis of data on occurrence and distribution of non-insect macro-invertebrates, no changes in the environment of the Upper Potomac River can be ascribed to the operation of the Dickerson Plant of the Potomac Electric Power Company. This conclusion agrees with the other results obtained by analyses of protozoan, algal, fish, and insect species. Jaccard coefficients among aggregates of the invertebrates included in this study are generally higher than those for the other groups of organisms studied except for fish. This may be the result of high tolerance of some of the species to a wide range of environmental conditions.
A simple MR-compatible infusion pump.

A simple, mechanical infusion pump that employs a constant force, nonferromagnetic spring to squeeze a syringe is described. The contrast infusion rate is determined by the spring force, gadolinium solution viscosity, and the resistance of either a user-selected needle or a precision orifice according to Poiseuille's Law or the Bernoulli effect. Its use in dynamic, gadolinium-enhanced 3D MR angiography is described.
Analyzing the Effectiveness of Continuing Professional Education at the Workplace

The purpose of the study was to conduct a second test of Cervero's framework that explains the relationship between continuing professional education and performance A six-week continuing nursing education program was evaluated using both qualitative and quantitative data. The four independent variables explained 36 percent of the variance (p = .002) in performance outcomes. The study provides evidence that the one-variable research model is inadequate for explaining the relationship between continuing education and performance. Unless researchers begin to address the complexity of this relationship, they will continue producing results that contribute negligibly to understanding how to plan programs that change performance.
Translesional pressure and flow velocity after thrombolysis : assessment of suboptimal angioplasty for serial lesions

Translesional pressure and flow velocity observations in the right coronary artery remain among the most difficult data to interpret because of variation in the location and relative size of branches, and unsuspected diffuse disease. Use of distal hyperemic response and translesional pressure gradients provides the most accurate assessment of serial lesions in such patients. In addition, the use of intracoronary thrombolysis can improve the angiographic appearance of lesions and facilitate later successful interventions. The post-infarction distal microvascular responsiveness may be impaired and, thus, abnormal coronary reserve values in this particular setting should be considered with lesion specific indicators of successful recanalization.
Spirituality and the work–home interface: a demands–resources perspective

Literature reviews of spirituality in the workplace expose the breadth of the phenomenon but also reveal the need to connect this literature with other research areas within management. In particular, the work–home (WH) interface is commonly viewed as having significant overlap with spirituality, yet the connections between spirituality and the WH interface have received limited attention. Therefore, we offer a theoretical framework to encourage and guide research linking these two important areas. Empirical studies suggest that spirituality is associated with such personal characteristics as hope, optimism, and sanctification as well as with such relational characteristics as forgiveness, gratitude, and interconnectedness. We illustrate how these personal and relational spiritual characteristics can determine whether individuals’ work and home roles interfere with one another or whether they strengthen or enrich one another. We also propose a number of areas for future research.
Review of Ni-like ion X-ray laser research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Abstract We have demonstrated saturated output on several nickel-like ion X-ray lasers ranging from niobium to silver by using a psec, high-power, chirped-pulse-amplification, tabletop laser. These results have been achieved at wavelengths from 20.3 to 13.9 nm on the Ni-like 3 d 9 4 d 1 S 0 →3 d 9 4 p 1 P 1 laser line using a total of 5 to 7 J of energy in a traveling wave excitation scheme. Strong amplification is also observed for Ni-like Sn at 11.9 nm. Gain of 41 cm −1 , gain-length product of 18, and output energy of 12 μ J are measured for the Ni-like Pd line at 14.7 nm. For Ni-like Mo, experiments are done using multilayer mirrors to obtain two-dimensional images of the output aperture of the laser and to measure the total laser energy as a function of various parameters such as the delay between the short and long pulses and the energy of the two pulses. For Mo we measure an output energy of 2 μ J and a gain-length product of 16.6. To model the Mo experiments, the LASNEX code is used to calculate the hydrodynamic evolution of the plasma and provide the temperatures and densities to the XRASER code, which then does the kinetics calculations to determine the gain. The temporal and spatial evolution of the plasma is studied both with and without radiation transport included for the 4 f and 4 p →3 d Ni-like Mo resonance lines. High gains are predicted and observed for both the 3 d 9 4 d 1 S 0 →3 d 9 4 p 1 P 1 laser line at 18.9 nm and the 3 d 9 4 f 1 P 1 →3 d 9 4 d 1 P 1 photopumped line at 22.6 nm.
Fiscal Impact Studies as Advocacy and Story Telling

Citizens and local officials have become increasingly inclined to acceptfiscal arguments as the basisfor land use decisions, and planners have increasingly usedfiscal impact studies as an argument for growth management. However, as an increasing number of studies have found that most forms of development arefiscally unbeneficial, it is no longer clear that the answers fiscal studies are producing are leading to constructive conclusions. Planners, environmentalists, and proponents of the "taxpayers revolt" have concluded from recent fiscal impact studies that growth is undesirable. This probably says more about the "taxpayers' revolt," the changing structure of publicfinance, and changing attitudes toward development and the environment than it does about the desirability or undesirability of development. Fiscal impact research can and should be more informative and should increase public understanding of the consequences of alternative land use policies and fiscal approaches to paying for infrastructure a...
ADAPTATION OF THE NAUTA METHOD FOR USE ON DEGENERATING FIBERS IN RAT CORTEX AND THALAMUS.

Lesions produced in the cerebral cortex of rats were studied by Nauta's method for degeneration. The brains were perfused with physiological NaCl solution, followed by 10% neutral (CaCO3) formalin. The brains were removed and stored in the formalin for 2 wk to 1 yr. Experimental modifications of the staining method showed that its sensitivity for fine degenerating fibers could he enhanced by the following changes: (a) omitting 0.05% potassium permanganate; (b) replacing the hydroquinone-oxalic acid mixture with 0.1% pyrogallol. Procedure: (1) frozen sections to water; (2) 0.5% phosphomolybdic acid, 45 min; (3) distilled water, 1 min; (4) 0.1% pyrogallol (aq.), 2 min; (5) distilled water, 3 washes of 1 min each; (6) 1.5% silver nitrate (aq.), 30 min; (7) distilled water, 1 min, (8) Laidlaw's ammoniated silver carbonate, 10110 sec; (9) Nauta's reducer, 1-2 min; (10) distilled water, 1 min; (11) 1.0% Na2S2O3, 2 min; (12) distilled water 3 changes, 1 min each; (13) dehydrate, clear, and cover. This method gav...
Metric viscosity solutions of Hamilton–Jacobi equations depending on local slopes

We continue the study of viscosity solutions of Hamilton–Jacobi equations in metric spaces initiated in [37]. We present a more complete account of the theory of metric viscosity solutions based on local slopes. Several comparison and existence results are proved and the main techniques for such metric viscosity solutions are illustrated.
Accuracy Considerations in a 3-D Ultrasonic Positioning System Based on the Difference in Time of Flights

This paper presents a method to improve the accuracy of an ultrasonic 3-D positioning system that uses the differences in the time of flights from a single transmitter to multiple receivers. The paper presents techniques to overcome errors in ultrasonic systems due to critical issues such as misalignment of transducers, changes in the speed of sound, arrival time of signals, etc. Further, the work presented here is not just applicable to ultrasonic systems but to all systems based on wave theory. This work will impact applications in robotics, virtual reality, precision measurement devices and probes, guidance of autonomous vehicles, and vibration analysis.
Fluorescent Analogs of Cyclic ADP-Ribose: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, and Use†

Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) is a Ca(2+)-mobilizing cyclic nucleotide derived from NAD+. Accumulating evidence indicates that it is an endogenous modulator of the Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release mechanism in cells. In this study, we show that ADP-ribosyl cyclase catalyzes the cyclization of not only NAD+ but also several of its analogs with various purine bases (guanine, hypoxanthine, or xanthine) substituting for adenine. Unlike cADPR, the resulting cyclic products are fluorescent. Comparisons with various model compounds indicate that only 7-methyl substituted purine nucleosides and nucleotides are fluorescent, and the pH-dependence of their UV spectra is most similar to that of the fluorescent cADPR analogs, indicating that the site of cyclization of these analogs is at the N7-position of the purine ring. This finding is novel since the site of cyclization is at the N1-position for cADPR as determined by X-ray crystallography. That a single enzyme can cyclize a variety of substrates at two different sites has important implications mechanistically, and a model is proposed to account for these novel catalytic properties. Among the analogs synthesized, cyclic GDP-ribose is highly resistant to hydrolysis, while cyclic IDP-ribose can be readily hydrolyzed by CD38, a bifunctional enzyme involved in the metabolism of cADPR. These unique properties of the analogs can be used to develop fluorimetric assays for monitoring separately the cyclization and hydrolytic reactions catalyzed by the metabolic enzymes of cADPR. The convenience of the method in measuring kinetic parameters, pH-dependence, and modulator activity of the metabolic enzymes of cADPR is illustrated.
Factors involved in overwintering survival of the freeze tolerant beetle,Dendroides canadensis

Overwintering larvae of the beetle,Dendroides canadensis, from northern Indiana were able to survice freezing at temperatures down to −28°C. During a late winter thaw or upon warm acclimation the larvae became freeze susceptible, but cold acclimation or acclimatization restored freeze tolerance. Concentrations of the cryoprotectants glycerol and sorbitol, ice nucleating agents (probably proteins) and thermal hysteresis proteins increase in the autumn, peak in winter and decline in spring. These and other, as yet unknown, factors are responsible for the capacity ofDendroides to survice subzero temperatures. The hemolymph ice nucleating agents limit the amount of undercooling to approximately 1°C below the hemolymph freezing point and thereby prevent lethal intracellular ice formation. Therefore, the freezing point depression provided by the thermal hysteresis proteins becomes essential to the survival of the larvae during periods such as winter thaws, autumn, and spring when the larvae are freeze susceptible.
Phacodynamics: an aspiration flow vs vacuum comparison.

Purpose To compare actual flow and the vacuum necessary to generate that flow for the Advanced Medical Optics Sovereign (Advanced Medical Optics, Santa Ana, California, USA) and the Alcon Legacy (Alcon, Fort Worth, Texas, USA) phacoemulsification machines. Design In vitro laboratory study. Methods Flow was collected and machine indicated vacuum noted from 12 ml/min to 40 ml/min in 2 ml/min steps (20-gauge). Nineteen and 20-gauge tips were also compared. Machine indicated vacuum was converted to actual tip vacuum. Results Legacy flow (102.4 ± 3.8% of indicated) was significantly more than Sovereign (96.5 ± 3.9%; P P P Conclusion There is unoccluded vacuum at the phaco tip of these systems at 14 ml/min, of flow and at 40 ml/min, this was 112.0 mm Hg for the Legacy.
Air quality: Night-time sinks, daytime sources

Nitrous acid can initiate photochemical air pollution events, but it is not clear where it comes from. Laboratory experiments now suggest that surface-bound nitrite accumulated overnight can release nitrous acid during the daytime.
Content filtering human speech: A simple electronic system

The use of electronic bandpass filtering for content-masking speech samples in studies on expressive aspects of vocal behavior is discussed. A simple electronic filtering system, which can be built easily and which can be adopted readily for a variety of applications, is described.
Aspects of Eating Behaviors “Disinhibition” and “Restraint” Are Related to Weight Gain and BMI in Women

Objective: The causes of adult weight gain leading to obesity are uncertain. We examined the association of adult weight gain and obesity with subscales of eating behavior characteristics in older women.
Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors that arise predominantly from the embryonic mesoderm. They present most commonly as an asymptomatic mass originating in an extremity but can occur anywhere in the body, particularly the trunk, retroperitoneum, or the head and neck. Pretreatment radiologic imaging is critical for defining the local extent of a tumor, staging the disease, guiding biopsies, and aiding in diagnosis. Core-needle biopsy is the preferred biopsy technique for diagnosing soft tissue sarcomas. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for soft tissue sarcomas is based on histologic grade, the tumor size and depth, and the presence of distant or nodal metastases. Despite improvements in local control rates with wide local resections and radiation therapy, metastasis and death remain a significant problem in 50% of patients who present with high-risk soft tissue sarcomas. The most common site of metastasis is the lungs, and metastasis generally occurs within two to three years after the completion of therapy. Progress in the molecular characteristics of these tumors should in the near future translate into molecularly based therapies that can be incorporated into standard treatment strategies.
Phytoplankton blooming off the u.s. East coast: a satellite description.

A "bloom" of near-surface phytoplankton occurs in the Atlantic Slope region of the western Atlantic Ocean off the U.S. East Coast in the spring. Satellite time series of sea-surface temperature and phytoplankton pigment concentration, derived from measurements of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA-7 Advanced Very-High-Resolution Radiometer and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner, respectively, give information on the spatial extent and temporal development of such a bloom for a 28-day period in April through May 1982. The phytoplankton concentration of the slope area is comparable to that of the Atlantic Shelf. Total primary productivity of the slope during this period is equivalent to that of the shelf. The primary productivity within a warm-core ring and in the Gulf Stream system is less by a factor of 2.
Theory of titration curves—VII: The properties of derivative titration curves for strong acid-strong base and other isovalent ion-combination titrations

Abstract This paper deals with isovalent ion-combination titrations based on reactions that can be represented by the equation M n+ + X n− → MX, where the activity of the product MX is invariant throughout a titration, and with the derivative titration curves obtained by plotting d[M + ]/dƒversus ƒ for such titrations. It describes some of the ways in which such curves can be obtained; it compares and contrasts them both with potentiometric titration curves, which resemble them in shape, and with segmented titration curves, from which they are derived; and it discusses their properties in detail.
Near infrared magnetic circular dichroism of uranium borohydride, U(BH4)4

Abstract The magnetic circular dichroism of U(BH 4 ) 4 in Hf(BH 4 ) 4 at low temperatures has been measured in the near. The A terms resulting can be interpreted to confirm the E symmetry ground state and three excited state assignments.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and hemorrhage associated with tacrolimus in a pediatric heart transplantation recipient

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a disorder characterized by gray and white matter abnormalities in the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes of the brain. Its etiology has been attributed to renal failure, immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus, and other potential entities leading to acute hypertension. Clinical findings include headaches, altered mental status, seizures, visual changes, and focal neurologic deficits. We report the case of a child who developed PRES with intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhages associated with tacrolimus exposure 10 days after heart transplantation for restrictive cardiomyopathy. The patient initially presented with complex partial seizures, headache, agitation, and hypertension. Head MRI was suggestive of PRES along with intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhages. Tacrolimus was discontinued and blood pressure was controlled. The patient's encephalopathy resolved, but he has had ongoing neurologic symptoms secondary to hemorrhage. Generally, PRES is less common in children than in the adult population and is a rare complication of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI). Presentation with secondary hemorrhage also can occur. In children receiving CNIs presenting with new neurologic symptoms, PRES should be considered as prompt discontinuation of the offending agent can induce resolution of symptoms. Children can develop hemorrhage in the context of PRES, leading to increased morbidity.
A hybrid approach to segment-type geocoding of New York City traffic data

Many types of traffic data are often recorded as (Main street, From street, To street) triples. All the segments between the intersection pairs of (Main street, From street) and (Main street, To street) need to be geocoded, with additional directional constraints. We term this new type of geocoding task as segment-type gecoding in contrast with classic geocoding that takes a street address or intersection and converts the address to a pair of coordinates. Most of the existing geocoding software does not have the capability to handle such segment-type geocoding. This motivates us to develop algorithms and programs for the new type of gecoding in the context of the Effectiveness of Traffic Calming study sponsored by the New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT). Due to the level of complexity of the New York City street network, we have adopted a hybrid approach. The hybrid approach includes several algorithms to automatically geocode well-formed traffic records and a software tool built on top of ESRI ArcMap to facilitate manual geocoding of ill-formed traffic records. The hybrid approach has achieved desired accuracies with reasonable manual involvements. We believe the approach is applicable to similar projects that involve segment-type geocoding tasks.
DYNAMIC MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF A COMPOSITE VISCOELASTIC MATERIAL.

Abstract This paper is concerned with a study on the dynamic mechanical behavior of1a rubberlike material (Solithane 113) filled with finely divided aluminium spherical particles of prescribed volume concentrations at frequencies in the lower audiofrequency range, and at several temperatures above and below room temperature. The dynamic behavior of the material is studied by subjecting a specimen in the form of a rod to longitudinal vibrations and determining the resonant frequencies and the band-widths of the mechanical resonance curve, corresponding to various modes of vibration. From the dynamic mechanical data obtained at several temperatures and frequencies, reduced curves for the storage and loss modulus corresponding to a standard temperature are constructed for an extended frequency range by utilizing the time-temp. shift hypothesis. An examination of the dynamic data for various filler concentrations indicates that the viscoelastic transition region is shifted to lower frequencies with the increase in the volume fraction of the filler in the bulk material. For frequencies beyond 150 cycles, the storage and the loss modulus increase with the increase in the volume fraction of the filler. The rate of increase in the modulus functions being larger at low volume concentrations (below 30 percent) than at high volume concentrations (above 45 percent). Although the same trend in the variation of the modulus functions below a frequency level of 150 cycles is exhibited for filler concentrations lower than 45 percent, a reduction in the value of the functions is noticed for filler concentrations above 45 percent. Attempts have been made to give valid explanation to this peculiar behavior. Finally, theoretical relations have been developed for storage and loss modulus of the composite material in terms of the mechanical properties of the constituents and the volume concentrations of the filler. The experimental results have been compared with theoretical values.