cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mortality of young brown shrimp Penaeus aztecus in estuarine nurseries

Abstract We estimated actual 2-week mortalities of postlarval and juvenile brown shrimp in a Galveston Bay salt marsh by comparing densities of cohorts throughout the spring. Mortalities ranged between 33% and 61% in 1982 and 23% and 39% in 1987. Brown shrimp mortality in predator-exclusion cages during 1987 was less than 3%. These data and published information on food requirements, diseases, and physical tolerances suggest that predation is usually the major direct cause of brown shrimp mortality in estuarine nurseries of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Southern flounder Paralichthvs lethostigina was the dominant fish predator on brown shrimp during the spring, and appeared to be responsible for a large portion of brown shrimp mortality. In laboratory experiments, the presence of smooth corcigrass Spartina alterniflora reduced predation rates of southern flounder and some of the other fish predators examined. Predation rates in general increased in proportion to increased prey densities. Thus, low water le...
Influenza Pneumonia in Lung Transplant Recipients: Clinical Features and Association With Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome

Influenza infection is increasingly recognized to cause significant morbidity and mortality in the community, especially in pediatric patients and elderly persons. Influenza infection, however, has not been well described among thoracic organ transplant recipients. We provide the first detailed clinical, radiographic, and histologic description of influenza pneumonia among three lung transplant recipients. The presentation varied considerably among the three patients and, in some cases, was atypical for influenza. Despite treatment, a persistent decline in pulmonary function occurred in all three patients after the acute illness. Interestingly, on follow-up biopsy specimens, each patient had histologic evidence of acute rejection and/or obliterative bronchiolitis. Additional research, therefore, is needed to clarify the relationship between influenza infection, acute rejection, and obliterative bronchiolitis.
The Lie algebra of visual perception

Abstract The familiar perceptual constancies of image location in the field of view, image orientation, size constancy, shape constancy, binocular distortion, and motion, have their natural mathematical expression in terms of Lie groups of transformations over the visual manifold. If Lie's three fundamental theorems are to be satisfied, three additional perceptual invariances must also be present: time, efferent binocularity, and what apparently constitutes some sort of circulating memory in space-time. This Lie algebra of visual perception admits ready explanations for the following visual phenomena: the developmental sequence of infant vision; orthogonal after-images; after-effects of seen movement; the spiral after-effect and the spiral images sometimes evoked under flicker; reading reversals; and the visual analogue of the Fitzgerald contration. The theory also predicts certain new complementary (orthogonal) after-images, the existence of which have been verified experimentally.
Chemical and spectroscopic studies of dinuclear molybdenum complexes

Abstract The reaction of Mo2X4L4 (L = Bun3P, X = Cl, Br) with benzoic acid produces either (Bun3P)2(PhCO2)2Mo2X2, (PhCO2)4Mo2(PBun3)2 or (PhCO2)4-Mo2, depending on reaction conditions. Under similar conditions, alkyl carboxylic acids yield only the corresponding tetra-μ-carboxylate complex, (RCO2)4Mo2. The near-UV/visible spectra of the tetra-μ-arylcarboxylato complexes are characterised by an intense broad absorption, the position of which varies substantially with solvent donor nature. Spectral data indicate that the π framework of the aryl rings in these complexes is conjugated with the metal-metal chromophore. In addition, resonance Raman studies indicate that the intense characteristic transition in the optical spectrum of (4-NCC6-H4CO2) 4Mo2 (and presumably other tetra-μ-arylcarboxylate complexes of Mo4+2) involves significant and probably simultaneous change in the occupancy of both the metal-metal and the carboxylate orbitals, suggesting the involvement of a common molecular orbital. Both pyridine and tri-n-butyl-phosphine will effect reduction of [Mo2X8H]3− to Mo2X4L4 under controlled conditions. The extended reaction of [Mo2X8]4−, [Mo2X8]3− and [Mo2-X9] 3− with pyridine at elevated temperatures results in the rupture of the dinuclear framework and the formation of mer-MoX3(py)3.
Room Temperature Phosphorescence Detection for Paper Electrophoresis (RTP-PE)

Abstract This paper reports for the first time room-temperature phosphorescence applied to paper electrophoresis (RTP-PE). Examples are illustrated for benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,9,10-tetrahydrotetrol (BPT) and pyrene which have been detected by RTP after separation using paper electrophoresis. These two compounds were well separated by a simple paper electrophoretic procedure and directly analyzed on the same filter paper substrate treated with a heavy-atom salt, thallium acetate. The heavy-atom treatment was used to increase the phosphorescence signal of BPT and pyrene. The detection limits after separation were 930 femtomoles and 990 femtomoles for BPT and pyrene, respectively. The results indicate that coupling paper electrophoresis and RTP provides a simple and practical screening tool for monitoring human exposure to carcinogenic and mutagenic polynuclear aromatic (PNA) species.
Managing Patient Service in a Diagnostic Medical Facility

Hospital diagnostic facilities, such as magnetic resonance imaging centers, typically provide service to several diverse patient groups: outpatients, who are scheduled in advance; inpatients, whose demands are generated randomly during the day; and emergency patients, who must be served as soon as possible. Our analysis focuses on two interrelated tasks: designing the outpatient appointment schedule, and establishing dynamic priority rules for admitting patients into service. We formulate the problem of managing patient demand for diagnostic service as a finite-horizon dynamic program and identify properties of the optimal policies. Using empirical data from a major urban hospital, we conduct numerical studies to develop insights into the sensitivity of the optimal policies to the various cost and probability parameters and to evaluate the performance of several heuristic rules for appointment acceptance and patient scheduling.
Improved navigator-gated motion compensation in cardiac MR using additional constraint of magnitude of motion-corrupted data.

Background In conventional prospective respiratory navigator (NAV) acquisitions, 40-60% of the acquired data are discarded resulting in low efficiency and long scan times [1,2]. Compressed-sensing Motion Compensation (CosMo) has a shorter fixed scan time by acquiring the full inner k-space and estimating the NAV-rejected outer k-space lines [3]. Respiratory motion will mainly manifest itself as phase variation in the acquired k-space data. We sought to determine if the addition of the magnitude of the rejected k-space lines as a constraint in image reconstruction will improve the performance of CosMo.
Scaling behaviour in a hyper-viscous Navier-Stokes equation with random initial conditions☆

Abstract The Navier-Stokes equation describes the deterministic evolution of incompressible fluids. The effects of random homogeneous isotropic initial conditions on freely decaying solutions of this equation with a hyper-viscous force are studied. It is shown that there is an infrared stable fixed point for multimodal local initial conditions, accessible within the ϵ expansion, about dc = 4. This fixed point has the property that the viscosity and (an infinite number of) long-range random initial condition perturbations appear as relevant operators.
Exo-Selective Diels−Alder Reactions of Vinylazepines. Origin of Divergent Stereoselectivity in Diels−Alder Reactions of Vinylazepines, Vinylpiperideines, and Vinylcycloalkenes

Diels−Alder reactions of vinylazepines with N-phenylmaleimide afforded exclusively the exo cycloadduct, while high endo stereoselectivity was observed, as previously reported, in analogous reactions of vinylpiperideines. This curious contrast was confirmed by X-ray analysis of cycloadducts not susceptible to epimerization. The stereoselectivity of Diels−Alder reactions of vinylazepines, vinylpiperideines, and vinylcycloalkenes exhibits surprising divergence depending on the detailed diene structure, and DFT calculations (Becke3LYP) were undertaken to shed light on these observations. The model calculations correctly predict the major stereoisomers in these reactions, though they tend to significantly underestimate the stereoselectivity. The results suggest some general considerations in predicting or controlling the stereochemistry of this class of Diels−Alder reactions.
Genomic and metabolomic advances in the identification of disease and adverse event biomarkers

Incomplete knowledge of tissue pathogenesis is hampering the identification of biomarkers for the appropriate therapeutic targets to prevent or inhibit disease processes, and the prediction and diagnosis of injury due to disease and adverse events of drug therapy. The revolution in genomics and metabolomics, combined with advanced bioinformatics and computational methods for mining such large, complex data sets, are beginning to provide critical insights into tissue injury. Such results will move us closer to the promise of personalized medicine.
Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Contrast Agent, ICG, Influenced by Rotational Motion

The time-resolved fluorescence polarization spectroscopy of ICG in a solvent is affected by its rotational motion and the polarization profiles can be fitted by a dipole model.
Finite Difference Scheme for a Third Boundary Value Problem

A finite difference scheme for a linear, second-order third boundary value problem in ordinary differential equations is described. The discretization error is found to be O(h4).
Hollywood as mirror : changing views of "outsiders" and "enemies" in American movies

Introduction by Robert Brent Toplin Film as Politics/Film as Business: The Blaxploitation of the Plantation by Edward D.C. Campbell, Jr. Popular Culture Prophesy: Black American Slavery in Film by William L. Van Deburg Hollywood Views the Mexican-American: From The Greaser's Revenge to The Milagro Beanfield War by Allen L. Woll Them and Us: Immigration as Societal Barometer and Social Educator in American Film by Carlos E. Cortes Hollywood's Harlots, 1900-1930: Fallen Women and the American Dream Machine by Leslie Fishbein The "Foreign Policy of Hollywood:" Interventionist Sentiment in the American Film, 1938-1941 by James J. Lorence Hollywood and the Cold War, 1945-1961 by Daniel J. Leab Hollywood Laughs at the Cold War, 1947-1961 by John H. Lenihan Bibliographic Essay Index
Ozone formation potentials of organic compounds from different emission sources in the South Coast Air Basin of California

Abstract Different organic compounds exhibit different propensities for ozone formation. Two approaches were used to study the ozone formation potentials or source reactivities of different anthropogenic organic compounds emission categories in California's South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB). The first approach was based on the combination of total organic gases (TOG) emission speciation profiles and the maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) scale of organic species. The second approach quantified ozone impacts from different emission sources by performing 3-dimensional air quality model sensitivity analysis involving increased TOG emissions from particular sources. The source reactivities derived from these two approaches agree reasonably well for 58 anthropogenic organic compounds emission categories in the SoCAB. Both approaches identify TOG emissions from mobile sources as having the highest reactivity. Source reactivities from both approaches were also combined with TOG emissions from each source category to produce a 2005 reactivity-based anthropogenic TOG emission inventory for the SoCAB. The top five reactivity-based anthropogenic TOG emission sources in the SoCAB during 2005 were: light-duty passenger cars, off-road equipment, consumer products, light-duty trucks category 2 (i.e., 3751–5750 lb), and recreational boats. This is in contrast to the mass-based TOG emission inventory, which indicates that livestock waste and composting emission categories were two of the five largest mass-based anthropogenic TOG emission sources. The reactivity-based TOG emission inventory is an important addition to the mass-based TOG emission inventory because it represents the ozone formation potentials from emission sources and can be used to assist in determining targeted sources for developing organic compounds reduction policies.
Social agency and networked spatial relations in sustainable agriculture.

Agriculture in the USA is in social and economic crisis, but sustainable agriculture is gaining unprecedented popularity among producers and consumers. This article examines the agency articulated by farmers and activists in the sustainable agriculture community in Pennsylvania to exploit ruptures in the conventional food system and develop new forms of food provisioning in local economies. Actor-network theory offers roads out of structure/agency dialectics and proposes new possibilities for understanding structure as a network, and agency as the outcome of networking. The research shows agency to be an outcome of collectivities, but is also contingent on leadership, partially distributed throughout the network and not necessarily emancipatory for all enrolled actors.
“Every Czech a Sokol!”: Feminism and Nationalism in the Czech Sokol Movement

TheSokol (Falcon), the Czech gymnastic organization, was a major component in the transformation of Czech nationalism into a mass movement. It was also one of the few organizations to mobilize women for the national cause, and their involvement in the club forms a major chapter in the history of women in Czech society. There are few sources on Czech women's history, in part because historians have tended to focus on the more advanced feminist movements of Western Europe or the United States to the detriment of the smaller nations of Europe's borderlands, where the complex ethnic composition created a special context for the emergence of the “women's question.” In the Czech lands, the rivalry between Czechs and Germans defined the conceptual framework of Czech feminism and lent the national struggle an overriding importance that served both to inspire and to limit the campaign of Czech women for expanded rights and opportunities. This convergence of feminism and nationalism is evident in the changing role of women in the Sokol from the founding of the organization in 1862 until World War I, a time when the Sokol emerged as a leading force in the Czech national movement, and when Czech women began to challenge traditional attitudes and demand equality with men. In manifesting these broader processes, the history of women in the Sokol exemplifies their larger effort to define their role within an evolving national community.
The onset of film boiling on small cylinders: local dryout and hydrodynamic critical heat flux mechanisms

Abstract Pool boiling experiments are performed to investigate the onset of film boiling mechanisms on small horizontally oriented cylinders ranging in diameter from 11 to 510 μm. Three test liquids are used, FC-72, R-113 and methanol. Photographs indicate the existence of two mechanisms which proceed film boiling, hydrodynamic critical heat flux (CHF) and local dryout. The hydrodynamic CHF mechanism is observed for dimensionless radius ( R ′) values as low as 0.0123. This leads to a modified version of Sun and Lienhard's hydrodynamic CHF correlation for cylindrical geometries which was developed in 1970. The local dryout mechanism is governed by boiling incipience phenomena. A method for predicting the local dryout heat flux for these conditions is presented.
Ocular Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: Protection against Ultraviolet Damage and Maintenance of Transparency for Vision

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes catalyze the NAD(P)(+)-dependent oxidation of a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous aldehydes to their corresponding acids. Some members of the ALDH superfamily of enzymes are abundantly expressed in the mammalian cornea and lens in a taxon-specific manner. Considered to be corneal and lens crystallins, they confer protective and transparent properties upon these ocular tissues. ALDH3A1 is highly expressed in the cornea of most mammals, with the exception of rabbit that expresses exclusively ALDH1A1 in the cornea. ALDH1A1 is present in both the cornea and lens of several animal species. As a result of their catalytic and non-catalytic functions, ALDH3A1 and ALDH1A1 proteins protect inner ocular tissues from ultraviolet radiation and reactive oxygen-induced damage. In addition, these corneal crystallins contribute to cellular transparency in corneal stromal keratocytes, supporting a structural role of these ALDH proteins. A putative regulatory function of ALDH3A1 on corneal cell proliferation has also been proposed. Finally, the three retinaldehyde dehydrogenases cooperatively mediate retinoic acid signaling during the eye development.
Monitoring Glutamate and Ascorbate in the Extracellular Space of Brain Tissue with Electrochemical Microsensors

This paper describes electrochemical microsensors for the in vivo measurement of glutamate and ascorbate in the extracellular space of brain tissue. To prepare glutamate microsensors, carbon fiber microelectrodes (10 μm in diameter and 300−400 μm long) were modified with a cross-linked redox polymer film containing enzymes. The microsensors were coated with a thin Nafion film before use. The glutamate microsensors were both selective and sensitive toward glutamate, with detection limits in the low micromolar range. Physiologically relevant concentrations of several electroactive compounds found in brain tissue produced no response at the glutamate microsensors and also did not affect their glutamate response, the only exception being glutamine, for which a small response was observed in the absence, but not in the presence, of glutamate. The ascorbate microsensors were used in conjunction with cyclic voltammetry. They were sensitive and selective toward ascorbate, but did exhibit a small sensitivity towar...
Mechanics of the WTC collapse

Two theories of the WTC collapse are examined. The first one is the theory of progressive failure, and the other one is the theory of fracture waves. The collapse in the regime of progressive failure is shown to occur at an acceleration, which is several times less than the gravitational acceleration and, hence, this theory contradicts to the observed free fall. Evidently, the WTC towers were disintegrated at the very beginning of each collapse. To explain this fact an alternative model based on the theory of failure waves is proposed.
Thioredoxin and Its Role in Premature Newborn Biology

Thioredoxin (Trx) is a redox-active protein that has been shown to regulate various cellular processes due to its thiol–disulfide exchange reaction. It has antioxidant properties and also induces the expression of critical antioxidant enzymes such as manganese superoxide dismutase. Trx along with thioredoxin reductase and peroxiredoxins forms a complete system similar to the glutathione system, but with different and divergent functions. This review is a mini-update on key advances in the role of Trx in signal transduction and premature newborn biology. In addition, this mini-update also reviews recently reported prooxidant properties of Trx that relate to anthracycline redox cycling. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 7, 1740–1743.
Design of a broadband UV-visible α-barium borate polarizer

Until recently, the construction of polarizers for operation below ∼260 nm were limited to materials such as magnesium fluoride and crystalline quartz. These materials have a much smaller birefringence than calcite, but unlike calcite they have good transmission below 200 nm. These materials are, however, not well suited for Glan-Taylor-type polarizer designs, as they do not produce a large angular separation of the polarized components. A new material, α-barium borate, has recently become available, which transmits to just below 200 nm and has a birefringence that approaches that of calcite. We analyze the performance of various polarizer designs that use this material. Results are presented that compare theory with experimental investigation of a manufactured device.
a Hydrometeorological Research Program

: An extensive research program in hydrometeorology was recently initiated in the Chicago region. Major objectives are to 1) develop a real-time, prediction-monitoring system for storm rainfall using a combination of weather radar and telemetered raingage data, 2) determine precipitation measurement requirements for hydrologic design, operation, and modeling purposes, 3) define the time-space characteristics of heavy rainstorms in the Chicago urban area, and 4) establish methods for applying the Chicago findings in other cities. Basic components of the field measurement program are a network of over 300 recording raingages in 4000 mi2 in and around Chicago, plus two sophisticated weather radar systems for obtaining real-time information on storm parameters pertinent to optimizing operation of urban water resources systems. The raingage networks are to be used to compile information relevant to both design and operational aspects of urban hydrology. Radars are to be used primarily in developing the real-time operational techniques. Testing and evaluation of the real-time operational system will be done in cooperation with the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Chicago, operator of one of the most complex urban water control systems among major metropolitan areas.
Influence of dietary vitamins A and E on serum α- and γ-tocopherols, retinol, retinyl palmitate and carotenoid concentrations in Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti)

Serum retinol, retinyl palmitate, beta-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein, alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol were measured in 18 captive Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) prior to and following the removal of Columbia River (CR) smelt (Thaleichthys pacificus) from the diet. Dietary vitamin A was reduced from 59.8 to 13.5 IU g-1 (dry matter basis) when CR smelt was removed from the diet. Minimal changes were noted in dietary vitamin E. Serum samples Without-CR smelt had significantly lower circulating retinol (1.19 +/- 0.09 vs. 1.94 +/- 0.08 micrograms ml-1) and retinyl palmitate (0.033 +/- 0.012 vs. 0.105 +/- 0.004 microgram ml-1) compared to samples With-CR. The Without-CR smelt diet resulted in increased serum alpha-tocopherol from 26.4 +/- 0.94 to 39.1 +/- 3.72 micrograms ml-1. More serum samples taken Without-CR smelt had detectable levels of gamma-tocopherol than those With-CR smelt. Serum lutein was higher for the samples taken Without versus With-CR smelt. Serum cryptoxanthin did not differ. beta-Carotene was not detected. Data indicate that high levels of dietary vitamin A can affect circulating levels of retinol, retinyl palmitate and vitamin E. Thus, dietary vitamin A and the interrelationship between vitamins A and E should be considered when assessing captive penguins.
Effects of Antifungal Agents and γ Interferon on Macrophage Cytotoxicity for Fungi and Tumor Cells

The activated macrophage may play a central role in host effector mechanisms against invading fungi. Here we demonstrate the importance of the activation state of murine macrophages for both fungistatic and fungicidal activity. Host factors such as gamma interferon and microbial products such as endotoxin can interact synergistically to initiate this cytotoxicity. This activated state may be aided by antifungal agents such as amphotericin B. Both a methyl ester derivative of amphotericin B and liposomal amphotericin B Both a methyl ester derivative of amphotericin B and liposomal amphotericin B potentiated macrophage activation but were less potent than amphotericin B. Other available antifungal agents such as azole compounds and flucytosine did not possess this ability to interact with the intrinsic macrophage effector mechanisms. However, ketoconazole and itraconazole avidly bind to macrophages as the biologically active drug. The azole-loading of macrophages may be a factor in macrophage cytotoxicity for fungi.
Scientific Sampling Effects: Electrofishing California's Endangered Fish Populations

Abstract Standard methods used by biologists around the world for sampling fish populations and determining fish and habitat relationships primarily involve electrofishing. With the recent listings of coastal salmon and steelhead as threatened or endangered, one must ask how electrofishing-induced injury to fish in rare populations relates to “take” under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Issues related to electrofishing are under discussion in California as federal and state agencies determine how to approach permitting for monitoring and research activities in rivers containing protected fish populations. Many problems have been discussed in the literature based on short-and long-term injury to individual fish from different forms of electrofishing. To date no standard approach for this technology exists that will allow effective surveys without probable injury to some portion of the fish population. How electrofishing injuries made at the individual fish level translate into population effects has not b...
On the respective terms of the lower central series of a free group and a normal subgroup

In this paper we are interested in the relationship of the lower central series of a normal subgroup of finite index to the lower central series of a free group. If F is a free group and S is the subgroup, then clearly S,,, is a subgroup of F,, . Moreover, S,,,, is a characteristic subgroup of S; hence, it is a normal subgroup of F and therefore of F,,,, . The problem to tihich we shall devote our attention is that of saying as much as we can about the structure of the quotient group Fm+l/Sm+l . IftherankofFisOor1,orifSisallofF, then Fm+l~Sm+l is the one element group. The free group of rank 2 is already a wild beast malting life non-trivial for group theorists. Accordingly, our investigations have for ground rules rank(F) 3 2 and (F: S ( > 2.
Fish byproducts as chemo-attractant substrates for the American lobster (Homarus americanus): Concentration, quality and release characteristics

Abstract The feasibility of two herring byproducts, fish meal and acidified fish meal, as commercial baits for American lobsters ( Homarus americanus ) was assessed in the laboratory. Dried fish homogenate was tested as a standard for comparison. The three substrates were assayed for levels of attractants, and various methods, including proteolytic digestion, were employed in order to elevate attractant levels. After incorporation of the attractant substrate into a suitable binder, temporal attractant release rates were monitored. Finally, attractant quality was evaluated by a behavioral bioassay using juvenile lobsters. Both fish meals were found to be good sources of attractants. Although attractant levels in fish meal were much lower than those in acidified fish meal, fish meal could be elevated to similar levels through incubation with certain proteases. Attractants released from the two test baits had similar temporal release patterns and evoked similar food-search responses as do attractants released from natural herring baits. However, dried fish homogenate was found to contain much higher levels of attractants than either of the fish meals. This may have been owing to the lower temperatures used to prepare the dried fish homogenate.
TU-E-ValB-06: Direct Aperture Optimization Based Step-And-Shoot IMRT with Respiratory Gating

Purpose: Validation of respiration gated IMRT on Siemens linear accelerator has not been reported. This work investigates the reliability, accuracy and efficiency of the delivery of respiratory gated IMRT on a Siemens accelerator. Method and Materials: A Siemens Primus accelerator was interfaced with a pressure sensor belt (Anzai Gating system) to deliver step‐and‐shoot IMRT. A series of IMRT fields, including actual patient, as well as custom segmented fields including the “Picket Fence” were delivered with and without gating (interruption) using a variety of different gating parameters (e.g., duty cycle). Radiographic films and 2D diode array (MapCheck , Sun Nuclear) were used to measure dose distributions. The dose distributions measured with and without gating were compared to identify any delivery error from gating. IMRT with multiple beam angles was also delivered, with and without gating, on a cubic motion phantom. Special measurements were made to individually evaluate dark current, small MU non‐linearity and flatness degradation and their cumulative effects on multiple times interrupted fields. Delivery times for MLC and compensator IMRT plans with various segmentations for sample lung and breast cases were compared. Results: Beam characteristics for the Siemens accelerator was not altered by gating and gated IMRT with Siemens/Anzai systems was found to be accurate and reliable. Measured dose distributions agreed with the calculated results and/or with those delivered without gating. Picket fence results with and without beam gating indicated same MLC positioning accuracy during the gating. The delivery times for the DAO‐based IMRT plans that had small numbers of segments were shorter than those for any other types of IMRT plans including compensators and were comparable with those for 3DCRT. Conclusion: The delivery of gated‐IMRT with Siemens/Anzai systems is reliable and accurate. The DAO‐based IMRT is preferred for gated delivery in terms of treatment times.
Plant Cover, Herbivory, and Resiliency in a Cape Cod Salt Marsh: Multi-year Responses and Recovery Following Manipulation of Nutrients and Competition

To assess responses and recovery of salt marsh grass species, we manipulated external nutrient supply and removed shoots of Spartina alterniflora or Spartina patens from fertilized and control plots in a Massachusetts marsh. The pulse-and-recovery experiment included treatments for 5 years, and recovery for an additional 7 years. Responses of these potential competitors sensitively depended on local contingencies of elevation and nutrient dose, and, moreover, the differences in outcomes were emphasized at longer time scales. Local contingencies became manifest as differences in responsiveness and resiliency of the different grass species, with differing time courses and longer-term outcomes as to what species were present. These features might explain the diverse results obtained in shorter-term salt marsh experiments, and provide a view of the complex suite of species-specific and external environmental variables that may control competitive interactions in general.
Evaluation of an immunosuppressant side effect instrument.

Background—Clinicians continue to be compelled to evaluate the impact of immunosuppressive medication side effects on the quality of life of transplant recipients. We were asked to develop an instrument to measure side effects in immunosuppressed transplant recipients.Objective—To construct an instrument that measures the impact and severity of side effects of immunosuppressive medications used in transplantation and to assess the reliability and validity of the newly developed instrument called the Memphis Survey.Design—The instrument was constructed by a panel of physicians, nurses, and pharmacists with experience in treating transplant recipients. A small group of kidney transplant recipients (n=13) provided pilot data for refining and testing the instrument. A national sample of kidney, liver, and heart transplant recipients (n= 505) provided data that were used to further develop the instrument.Analysis—Factor analysis was used to determine the psychological dimensions underlying the instrument and t...
One-way multiparty communication lower bound for pointer jumping with applications

In this paper we study the one-way multiparty communication model, in which every party speaks exactly once in its turn. For every k, we prove a tight lower bound of Ω(n 1/(k−1)}) on the probabilistic communication complexity of pointer jumping in a k-layered tree, where the pointers of the i-th layer reside on the forehead of the i-th party to speak. The lower bound remains nontrivial even for k = (logn)1/2−ɛ parties, for any constant ɛ > 0. Previous to our work a lower bound was known only for k =3 (Wigderson, see [7]), and in restricted models for k>3 [2},24,18,4,13]. Our results have the following consequences to other models and problems, extending previous work in several directions. The one-way model is strong enough to capture general (not one-way) multiparty protocols with a bounded number of rounds. Thus we generalize two problem areas previously studied in the 2-party model (cf. [30,21,29]). The first is a rounds hierarchy: we give an exponential separation between the power of r and 2r rounds in general probabilistic k-party protocols, for any k and r. The second is the relative power of determinism and nondeterminism: we prove an exponential separation between nondeterministic and deterministic communication complexity for general k-party protocols with r rounds, for any k,r. The pointer jumping function is weak enough to be a special case of the well-studied disjointness function. Thus we obtain a lower bound of Ω(n 1/(k−1)) on the probabilistic complexity of k-set disjointness in the one-way model, which was known only for k = 3 parties. Our result also extends a similar lower bound for the weaker simultaneous model, in which parties simultaneously send one message to a referee [12]. Finally, we infer an exponential separation between the power of any two different orders in which parties send messages in the one-way model, for every k. Previous results [29, 7] separated orders based on who speaks first. Our lower bound technique, which handles functions of high discrepancy over cylinder intersections, provides a “party-elimination” induction, based on a restricted form of a direct-product result, specific to the pointer jumping function.
Comparison of serum hyaluronidase activity in several animal species

Abstract 1. 1. The influence of sera from several animal species on the stability of hyaluronic acid was investigated. 2. 2. Hyaluronidase activity was observed in the serum of some species at pH 3.8, but many animal sera showed none. 3. 3. No activity was observed for any species at pH 5.0 and 7.3. 4. 4. Hyaluronidase-containing sera showed release of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy- d -hexose in the presence of hyaluronic acid and the chondroitin sulphates at pH 3.8.
Thalamic nuclei segmentation in clinical 3T T1-weighted Images using high-resolution 7T shape models

Accurate and reliable identification of thalamic nuclei is important for surgical interventions and neuroanatomical studies. This is a challenging task due to their small sizes and low intra-thalamic contrast in standard T1-weighted or T2- weighted images. Previously proposed techniques rely on diffusion imaging or functional imaging. These require additional scanning and suffer from the low resolution and signal-to-noise ratio in these images. In this paper, we aim to directly segment the thalamic nuclei in standard 3T T1-weighted images using shape models. We manually delineate the structures in high-field MR images and build high resolution shape models from a group of subjects. We then investigate if the nuclei locations can be inferred from the whole thalamus. To do this, we hierarchically fit joint models. We start from the entire thalamus and fit a model that captures the relation between the thalamus and large nuclei groups. This allows us to infer the boundaries of these nuclei groups and we repeat the process until all nuclei are segmented. We validate our method in a leave-one-out fashion with seven subjects by comparing the shape-based segmentations on 3T images to the manual contours. Results we have obtained for major nuclei (dice coefficients ranging from 0.57 to 0.88 and mean surface errors from 0.29mm to 0.72mm) suggest the feasibility of using such joint shape models for localization. This may have a direct impact on surgeries such as Deep Brain Stimulation procedures that require the implantation of stimulating electrodes in specific thalamic nuclei.
Examination of trial-independent characteristics of body kinematics in response to similar postural perturbations.

This study investigated the variability of certain kinematic features describing body segmental movement in response to a series of consecutive, translational movements of the supporting base along the anterior-posterior direction of the subject. These kinematic features included the amplitude and timings of the angular displacement, velocity and acceleration of the head, trunk, thigh and shank. A group of 21 subjects was tested, with their ages ranging from 22 to 77 years. The results showed that the amplitudes changed significantly from the first trial to the later trials in most of the variables observed. However, there existed certain features, other than the amplitude, that were invariant over consecutive trials. Specifically, the time at which the initial peak amplitude occurred, the onset time was found to be similar between trials. Copyright 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
The Frontrunners—2008

The final chapter on the 2004 presidential election may not yet be written, but it is not too soon to look ahead to the 2008 contest. Public pollsters have been assessing opinions about the 2008 campaign for months already. Given the importance of frontrunner status in an increasingly frontloaded presidential primary system (Mayer 2004), the 2008 race has already begun for many prospective candidates, parties, and voters. In this article I analyze early public opinion polling data available from the Roper Center's IPOLL database about the 2008 race to determine the frontrunning candidates (at least through June 2005) and to reflect on the preliminary dynamics of the next presidential race.
Field use environment for a FCBGA in a laptop computer application

A laptop computer was disassembled, and several thermocouples were attached to the die, heat sink, substrate, and motherboard. The laptop was then re-assembled and run under various conditions to measure the effects on temperature distribution. The assembly was then deconstructed and samples were extracted for material property measurements. Elastic modulus and thermal expansivity were measured for the heat sink, substrate, motherboard, thermal interface pad, and underfill materials. Typical temperature rise of the IGP die above ambient was 40C. Video use increased the temperature by 5C to 10C. Wrapping the laptop to constrict airflow increased the temperature by 15C. Hence, the operating temperature range is approximately 55C to 80C. The substrate and motherboard are hotter on the side facing the CPU. There are gradients of up to 20C in the structure (difference between hottest and coolest regions). The initial temperature change rate during a power cycle is 5C/sec for the IGP die.
A polynomial approach to optimum beamforming for correlated or coherent signal and interference

A new approach to optimum beamforming in the presence of signal correlated interfences that completely eliminates the signal cancellation problem is described. Three new, fundamentally distinct beamformers corresponding to different optimality criteria are derived by exploiting the underlying signal model.
Simplification of network analysis in large-bandwidth systems

In this paper, we show that significant simplicities can arise in the analysis of a network when link capacities are large enough to carry many flows. In particular, we prove that, when an upstream queue serves a large number of regulated traffic sources, the queue-length of the downstream queue converges almost surely to the queue-length of a simplified queueing system (single queue) obtained by removing the upstream queue. We provide similar results (convergence of the queue-length in distribution) for general (including nonregulated) traffic arrivals. In both cases, the convergence of the overflow probability is uniform and at least exponentially fast. Through an extensive numerical investigation, we demonstrate several aspects and implications of our results in simplifying network analysis.
Effectiveness of Telemetry Guidelines in Predicting Clinically Significant Arrhythmias in Hospitalized Patients

Background: Cardiac rhythm monitoring is widely applied on hospitalized patients. However, its value has not been evaluated systematically. Methods: This study considered the utility of our institutional telemetry guidelines in predicting clinically significant arrhythmias. A retrospective analysis was performed of 562 patients admitted to the telemetry unit. A total of 1932 monitoring days were evaluated. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on telemetry guidelines: “telemetry indicated” and “telemetry not indicated”. Results: Differences in arrhythmia event rates and pre-defined clinical significance were determined. One hundred and forty-four (34%) vs. 16 (11%) patients had at least one arrhythmic event in the “telemetry indicated” group compared with the “telemetry not indicated” group, respectively (P = 0.001). No patient in the “telemetry not indicated” group had a clinically significant arrhythmia. In contrast, of patients in the “telemetry indicated” group who had at least one arrhythmic event, 36% were considered clinically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study validates and supports the use of our institutional telemetry guidelines to allocate this resource appropriately and predict clinically significant arrhythmias. Cardiol Res. 2012;3(1):16-22 doi: https://doi.org/10.4021/cr129w
Chemical and physical characterization of rabbit sperm acrosome stabilizing factor.

Rabbit Acrosome Stabilizing Factor (ASF) is an epididymal product that reversibly inhibits the process of sperm capacitation. The native molecular weights of the monomer and dimer ASF were determined from sedimentation and diffusion data at 129,000 and 259,000 Mr. The monomer is composed of 92,000 and 38,000 Mr subunits according to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrjlamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), with size heterogeneity demonstrated for the latter. The stoichiometry of the subunits appears to be one-to-one by gel scanning. Amino acid and carbohydrate compositions are characteristic of a globular glycoprotein, which is high in cysteine content and is 8.3% carbohydrate by weight. The sugar composition suggests the presence of both high mannose and complex N-linked oligosaccharides with the unusual feature of appreciable amounts of glucose. The isoelectric character of ASF spans a range from 5.3 to 7.0.
Design and characterization of structured protein linkers with differing flexibilities

Engineered fusion proteins containing two or more functional polypeptides joined by a peptide or protein linker are important for many fields of biological research. The separation distance between functional units can impact epitope access and the ability to bind with avidity; thus the availability of a variety of linkers with different lengths and degrees of rigidity would be valuable for protein design efforts. Here, we report a series of designed structured protein linkers incorporating naturally occurring protein domains and compare their properties to commonly used Gly4Ser repeat linkers. When incorporated into the hinge region of an immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecule, flexible Gly4Ser repeats did not result in detectable extensions of the IgG antigen-binding domains, in contrast to linkers including more rigid domains such as β2-microglobulin, Zn-α2-glycoprotein and tetratricopeptide repeats. This study adds an additional set of linkers with varying lengths and rigidities to the available linker repertoire, which may be useful for the construction of antibodies with enhanced binding properties or other fusion proteins.
The neoliberal firm and nested subsumption: Labour process transformations in the NYC taxi industry

In this paper I use New York’s taxi industry and the struggle around GPS technologies to articulate some essential aspects of a new regime of labour subsumption that is taking shape, most evidently in cities. I argue that these new aspects of labour subsumption may be useful in understanding changes in labour regimes across industries in the neoliberal period. Finally, I attempt to demonstrate connections between theories of labour subsumption and practices of labour organising. I contend that labour subsumption theory and specific forms of labour organisation show a clear relationship in the past and thus, if we are able to discern significant developments in the modes by which capital subsumes labour in the present neoliberal period, this could offer new insights in the domain of labour organising strategies
A Dual-Channel Rotary Joint for High Average Power Operation

Recently an X-band, dual-channel rotary joint was needed for the airborne terminal of a satellite communication link. Low losses were necessary in the high average power transmit channel (l2.5 KW, CW) to avoid excessive temperature rise, and in the receive channel to reduce the noise temperature of the system. Other important considerations were: no liquid or forced-air cooling; restricted size limitations; low cross-coupling between channels. A new type of rotary joint combining the TM/sub 01/ mode and the circularly-polarized TE/sub 11/ mode in circular waveguide was developed which satisfied the electrical, thermal , and size requirements of the system.
Four Cation-Selective Transporters Contribute to Apical Uptake and Accumulation of Metformin in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers

Metformin is the frontline therapy for type II diabetes mellitus. The oral bioavailability of metformin is unexpectedly high, between 40 and 60%, given its hydrophilicity and positive charge at all physiologic pH values. Previous studies in Caco-2 cell monolayers, a cellular model of the human intestinal epithelium, showed that during absorptive transport metformin is taken up into the cells via transporters in the apical (AP) membrane; however, predominant transport to the basolateral (BL) side occurs via the paracellular route because intracellular metformin cannot egress across the BL membrane. Furthermore, these studies have suggested that the AP transporters can contribute to intestinal accumulation and absorption of metformin. Transporter-specific inhibitors as well as a novel approach involving a cocktail of transporter inhibitors with overlapping selectivity were used to identify the AP transporters that mediate metformin uptake in Caco-2 cell monolayers; furthermore, the relative contributions of these transporters in metformin AP uptake were also determined. The organic cation transporter 1, plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT), serotonin reuptake transporter, and choline high-affinity transporter contributed to approximately 25%, 20%, 20%, and 15%, respectively, of the AP uptake of metformin. PMAT-knockdown Caco-2 cells were constructed to confirm the contribution of PMAT in metformin AP uptake because a PMAT-selective inhibitor is not available. The identification of four intestinal transporters that contribute to AP uptake and potentially intestinal absorption of metformin is a significant novel finding that can influence our understanding of metformin pharmacology and intestinal drug-drug interactions involving this highly prescribed drug.