cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quartz: a tool for tuning parallel program performance

Initial implementations of parallel programs typically yield disappointing performance. Tuning to improve performance is thus a significant part of the parallel programming process. The effort required to tune a parallel program, and the level of performance that eventually is achieved, both depend heavily on the quality of the instrumentation that is available to the programmer.This paper describes Quartz, a new tool for tuning parallel program performance on shared memory multiprocessors. The philosophy underlying Quartz was inspired by that of the sequential UNIX tool gprof: to appropriately direct the attention of the programmer by efficiently measuring just those factors that are most responsible for performance and by relating these metrics to one another and to the structure of the program. This philosophy is even more important in the parallel domain than in the sequential domain, because of the dramatically greater number of possible metrics and the dramatically increased complexity of program structures.The principal metric of Quartz is normalized processor time: the total processor time spent in each section of code divided by the number of other processors that are concurrently busy when that section of code is being executed. Tied to the logical structure of the program, this metric provides a “smoking gun” pointing towards those areas of the program most responsible for poor performance. This information can be acquired efficiently by checkpointing to memory the number of busy processors and the state of each processor, and then statistically sampling these using a dedicated processor.In addition to describing the design rationale, functionality, and implementation of Quartz, the paper examines how Quartz would be used to solve a number of performance problems that have been reported as being frequently encountered, and describes a case study in which Quartz was used to significantly improve the performance of a CAD circuit verifier.
Large deformation, deep penetration theory for a compressible strain-hardening target material

1 lorillo, A. J., "Nutation Damping Dynamics of Axisymmetric Rotor Stabilized Satellites," ASME Winter Meeting, Chicago, 111., Nov. 1959. 2 Likins, P. W., "Attitude Stability Criteria for Dual Spin Spacecraft," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 4, No. 12, Dec. 1967, pp. 1638-1643. 3 Mingori, D. L., "Effects of Energy Dissipation on the Attitude Stability of Dual-Spin Satellites," AIAA Journal, Vol. 7, No. 1, Jan. 1969, pp. 20-27. 4 Pringle, R., Jr., "Stability of the Force-Free Motions of a Dual-Spin Spacecraft," AIAA Journal, Vol. 7, No. 6, June 1969, pp. 1054-1063. 5 Velman, J. R., "Simulation Results for a Dual-Spin Spacecraft," Proceedings of the Symposium on Attitude Stabilization and Control of Dual-Spin Spacecraft, Aug. 1-2, 1967, Rept. SAMSOTR-68-191, Nov. 1967, U. S. Air Force. 6 Johnson, C. R., "Tacasat I Nutation Dynamics," to be published in AIAA Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics: Communications Satellite Technology for the 70' s, Vol. 25, edited by N. E. Feldman and C. M. Kelly, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1971.
Evaluation of the strength and adherence of soft cobalt-base and hard TiN coatings on 4340 low alloy steel

Abstract Soft T-800 and SF-6 cobalt-base alloy coatings and hard TiN coatings were deposited by cathodic arc plasma PVD on 4340 and chromium-plated 4340 low alloy steel specimens. The cohesive load and adherence of the coatings to the substrate were evaluated with an automated scratch testing apparatus and their abrasive wear resistance was measured with a pin-on-disk tribometer. The soft coatings adhere strongly to 4340. During testing transverse cracks initiate within the coating at the cohesive load and propagate into the substrate without delamination. These coatings also adhere strongly to chromium-preplated 4340. During testing pre-existing cracks within the chromium layer propagate across the coating and the substrate at a lower load and spacing is smaller than in nonplated specimens. Soft coatings processed at a lower pressure are stronger. Hard TiN coatings on 4340 or chromium-preplated 4340 exhibit approximately the same cohesive and critical loads. The wear resistance of coatings on 4340 specimens is higher than on chromium-preplanted 4340 specimens. For the specimens and experimental conditions used herein the nitride coatings exhibit a higher wear resistance than T-800 coatings which, in turn, are more wear resistant than SF-6 coatings.
Complement Fixation on Cell Surfaces by 19S and 7S Antibodies

The mechanism of complement fixation on cell surfaces by whole antiserums, and by 19S and 7S fractions has been studied with a new comple-ment-fixation test. This test is based on the fixation and transfer of the activated first component of complement (C1a). We have concluded that a single molecule of 19S antibody in combination with antigen at the cell surface is sufficient to bind one molecule of C1a. For 7S antibodies at least two molecules in close proximity at the cell surface are required to fix one molecule of C1a.
Rescue of the temperature-sensitive, autosomal-recessive mutation R298S in the sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1-A characterized by a weakened dimer and abnormal aggregation.

Background Band keratopathy, an ocular disease that is characterized by hypercalcemia and opaque bands across the cornea, has been associated with kidney disease. Type-II renal tubular acidosis (RTA), a condition in which the kidneys fail to recover bicarbonate (HCO3−) in the proximal tubule of the nephron, results in HCO3− wastage in the urine and low blood pH. The development of these diseases is associated with autosomal-recessive mutations in the Na+-coupled HCO3− cotransporter NBCe1-A located at the basolateral membranes of either cell type.
Prenatal programming of postnatal productivity and health of livestock : a brief review

Human epidemiological evidence has suggested that metabolic perturbations during fetal life may increase predisposition to cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity in later life. A growing number of controlled experiments on sheep and other large animal species are adding to the already large body of experimental evidence from rat studies in supporting the ‘fetal origins’ hypothesis. Of particular practical relevance are findings that maternal undernutrition in late pregnancy can predispose lambs to glucose intolerance and increased adiposity in early adulthood. This effect may be exacerbated by high energy intakes and limited capacity for muscle growth in undernourished or growth-retarded lambs during early postnatal life. Recent Australian studies have demonstrated the effects of prenatal nutrition on postnatal growth and meat production in beef cattle, and on quantity and quality of wool production in sheep.
Intra-Patriline Variability in the Performance of the Vibration Signal and Waggle Dance in the Honey Bee, Apis mellifera

We examined intra-patriline behavioral plasticity in communication behavior by generating lifetime behavioral profiles for the performance of the vibration signal and waggle dance in workers which were the progeny of three unrelated queens, each inseminated with the semen of a single, different drone. We found pronounced variability within each patriline for the tendency to produce each signal, the ontogeny of signal performance, and the persistence with which individual workers performed the signals throughout their lifetimes. Within each patriline, the number of workers that performed each signal and the distribution of onset ages for each signal were significantly different. In each patriline, workers of all ages could perform vibration signals; vibration signal production began 3–5 d before waggle dancing; and some workers began performing waggle dances at ages typically associated with precocious foraging. Most workers vibrated and waggled only 1–2 d during their lifetimes, although each patriline contained some workers that performed the signal persistently for up to 8 or 9 d. We also found marked variability in signal performance among the three worker lineages
Fiber optic chloride threshold detectors for concrete structures

Fiber optic sensors capable of measuring chloride ion concentrations within concrete structures have been developed. The sensors rely on a modification of Fajan's method for chemical reagent identification resulting in spectral changes occurring when a predetermined concentration level has been exceeded. While not a reversible process, the sensor housing has been designed such that components with different chloride concentration thresholds may be exchanged in a field setting once the unit has been embedded into the concrete structure. These sensors have been embedded into three bridges in Vermont. Details of the sensors, the installation process, and measurements from these instrumented structures are presented.
Insulin but not growth hormone stimulates protein anabolism in skin wound and muscle.

We have measured protein kinetics in the scalded skin and normal muscle in anesthetized rabbits. On the 7th day after ear scald,l-[ring-13C6]phenylalanine was infused as a tracer, and the ear and h...
Genes, Original Sin and the Human Proclivity to Evil

Theologians have long recognized that the Augustinian formulation of the doctrine of original sin, based on a historicized reading of Genesis 3, is at odds with biblical scholarship and with what science has established concerning our evolutionary origins. Setting aside Augustine's anti-Gnostic Adamic myth, some attempt to recast the doctrine within an evolutionary worldview by developing an anthropology within the framework of genetics and sociobiology, now evolutionary psychology. This essay argues that a wholly biological explanation of the human tendency to evil is inadequate, even reductionist, and it attempts a constructive reformulation of the doctrine that, while incorporating insights of evolutionary psychology, appeals also to ontological, psychological, and social dimensions of humanity that must also be considered if we are to retrieve the central, still valid point of the doctrine, that deep within human being there inheres a proclivity to evil.
Uterine steroid receptor changes associated with progesterone withdrawal during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy in rabbits.

Cytosolic and nuclear progesterone (P) and estrogen (E) receptors (PR and ER, respectively) were measured in uterine tissues of rabbits at the end of pregnancy (days 25, 27, 29, 30, and 31 and 0–10 h postpartum) and pseudopregnancy (days 13 and 18). At both times, plasma P concentrations fell dramatically after a period of prolonged elevation, effecting changes in uterine function. Plasma concentrations of P remained elevated until day 29 of pregnancy and then fell continuously until postpartum, whereas plasma estradiol levels did not change. The numbers of nuclear ER and PR were constant from days 25–29. Concomitant with the fall in plasma P on day 30, levels of nuclear ER and PR doubled and remained elevated on day 31 and postpartum. In all cases, the numbers of nuclear receptors were negatively correlated with P concentrations. The number of cystosolic ER in the myometrium increased on day 30 of pregnancy and remained elevated on day 31 and postpartum. Although levels of cytosolic ER in the endometrium...
Electrical signatures of single-stranded DNA with single base mutations in a nanopore capacitor

In this paper, we evaluate the magnitude of the electrical signals produced by DNA translocation through a 1 nm diameter nanopore in a capacitor membrane with a numerical multi-scale approach, and assess the possibility of resolving individual nucleotides as well as their types in the absence of conformational disorder. We show that the maximum recorded voltage caused by the DNA translocation is about 35 mV, while the maximum voltage signal due to the DNA backbone is about 30 mV, and the maximum voltage of a DNA base is about 8 mV. Signals from individual nucleotides can be identified in the recorded voltage traces, suggesting a 1 nm diameter pore in a capacitor can be used to accurately count the number of nucleotides in a DNA strand. Furthermore, we study the effect of a single base substitution on the voltage trace, and calculate the differences among the voltage traces due to a single base mutation for the sequences C3AC7, C3CC7, C3GC7 and C3TC7. The calculated voltage differences are in the 5–10 mV range. The calculated maximum voltage caused by the translocation of individual bases varies from 2 to 9 mV, which is experimentally detectable.
Menstrual Cycles Continue into Advanced Old Age in the Common Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

A long postreproductive lifespan may distinguish women from all other female primates. A long-held consensus among reproductive scientists has been that our closest living relative, the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), experiences menstrual cycles until death. However, a recent study of biannual assessments of gonadotropins, but lacking observations of menstruation, concluded that menopause occurs in chimpanzees between 35 and 40 yr of age. A separate report, but on wild chimpanzees, documented fertility through the 40-44 age range in all populations studied. These contradictory reports pose questions about differences between wild and captive populations and about assessments of menopause. The present study revisits this controversy by analyzing longitudinal records of anogenital swelling and menstruation in 89 female chimpanzees aged 6 to 59 yr (n = 2386 records on cycle length), monitored for most of their adult lives at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center. Twenty of these chimpanzees were observed past 39 yr of age; all 20 displayed menstrual cycles beyond this age, as confirmed by at least two observations of menses about 35 days apart. Three of these were older than 50 yr and still displayed menstrual cycles. Only the oldest female appeared menopausal, with cycles of anogenital swelling ceasing 2 yr prior to her death at age 59. Random-effects statistical modeling reveals a slight decrease in cycle length until 20 yr of age and a slight lengthening thereafter. Mean cycle length across the lifespan is 35.4 days. Our findings, based upon actual observations of menstrual cycles, suggest that menopause in the chimpanzee is rare, occurring near the end of the lifespan.
Land lease contracts: properties and the value of bundles of property rights

Contracts are mechanisms for carrying out transactions. Leasing land is a voluntary transaction in which property rights - such as user and income rights - are transferred from landowners to tenants. The bundle of property rights transferred within a lease transaction varies with the type of contractual arrangement. Analysis shows that for the landowner the value of the bundle of property rights to land is determined by the type of lease contract. Landowners prefer lease contracts with as little regulation as possible. Lease regulation can be characterized as a ‘handbook’ for concluding lease contracts. However, reducing regulation requires a shift in co-ordination mechanisms from that of the handbook to that of the ‘invisible hand’ (prices) and ‘handshake’ (e.g., mutual adjustment). Making use of the handshake and price as co-ordination mechanisms implies that the importance of trust and reputation will increase for both tenant and landowner. In 2007, the Dutch government introduced two new types of formal lease that rely less on handbook co-ordination. Whether a more liberalized lease system will lead to a change in the area leased not only depends on landowners but also on tenants, because contracts are two-sided mechanisms.
Origin of postseismic streamflow changes inferred from baseflow recession and magnitude‐distance relations

The effects of earthquakes on baseflow, the component of streamflow provided by groundwater, are analyzed for streams that exhibit large coseismic increases in streamflow and discharge large volumes of excess water. Although discharge Q may increase rapidly, the rate of baseflow recession dlogQ/dt is unchanged suggesting that the hydraulic conductivity of groundwater system providing baseflow does not change. For (at least) the studied streams, the coseismic increase of discharge therefore requires increased hydraulic head gradients resulting from the rapid release of water from some source of storage. The relationship between the response of streams, earthquake magnitude, and the distance of the drainage basin from the epicenter, is consistent with subsurface liquefaction being the mechanism that increases head gradients.
Prevention and Management of Common Exercise-Related Musculoskeletal Injuries During Pregnancy

Pregnancy causes additional alterations to the female athlete’s body that she must be aware of. The hormonal, bodily, and biochemical changes that accompany the pregnant state can incite new symptoms and may cause additional avenues for musculoskeletal trauma. Precaution does need to be taken by the pregnant female when participating in certain physical activities. However, in general the female athlete can be very active up until delivery if she’s careful to protect the fetus. An already existing injury can be exacerbated by pregnancy, although in most cases symptoms tend to cease shortly after delivery. On the other hand, maintaining an active lifestyle while pregnant helps the mother as well as the fetus to be healthier in the long run.
The State-Local Nexus in Policy Innovation Diffusion: The Case of School Choice

Our knowledge of how policy innovations diffuse in federal systems could be enhanced by paying greater attention to the behavior of policy entrepreneurs. This study shows how policy entrepreneurs have helped stimulate the diffusion of state school-choice plans by collecting and generating evidence of the workability of this innovation. Importantly, these policy entrepreneurs have often used evidence from local experiments to promote state policy change. Thus, a state-local nexus exists in the diffusion of school choice. This analysis suggests that there is value in conceptualizing policy innovation diffusion in a federal system as both a horizontal (that is, state to state) and a vertical (that is, state and local) phenomenon.
The Expressive Transparency of Property

This Essay examines expressive theories of law. In two new books, property theorist Joseph Singer condemns the dominant, absolutist, conception of property for failing to express the full range of our values; he suggests its replacement with a model, epitomized by the generous commitment of Malden Mills owner Aaron Feuerstein to rebuild his plant after a catastrophic fire, that expresses not just the powers but the obligations that flow from ownership. After questioning how we interpret what law says or expresses, the Essay asks how we should understand expressivist projects such as Singer's. Should we characterize expressivists as idealists, throwing one concept (ownership obligates) against another (ownership is freedom) in the naive hope that long-entrenched beliefs and understandings will be displaced by the simple demonstration that other beliefs and understandings are plausible? Or should we see them instead as meaning entrepreneurs, who cleverly trade on intuitively appealing images such as that of Aaron Feuerstein to disrupt conventional associations between, for example, property and selfishness?
Terrorism Insurance 2005

been undertaken during the last threeyears to prevent new terrorist attacks onU.S. soil, the economic impact of anoth-er large-scale attack has to be consideredseriously. Who should pay for futurelosses so as to assure business and socialcontinuity should the terrorists be successful? The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 (
OBSERVATIONS ON GYMNOASCACEAE. VI. A NEW SPECIES OF ARACHNIOTUS

The genus Arachniotus was erected in 1893 by Schroeter to include those Gymnoascaceae which possessed a peridium composed of uniform, thin-walled hyphae. Included in the genus at that time were A. candidus (Eidam) Schroeter, A. ruber (Van Tiegh.) Schroeter and A. aureus (Eidam) Schroeter. Recently, Kuehn (1957) reviewed the genus Arachniotus while describing a new species, A. reticulatus. At that time Kuehn suggested that the three original species of Arachniotus might be removed from the genus since bibliographic evidence indicated that a peridium as such was lacking in these three species. However, since type material of these species did not seem to be available, no definite decision was made. Certain fungi do fit the generic limits erected by Schroeter, even though the original three species might not. Arachniotus reticulatus Kuehn has a definite peridium as does another fungus, RSA 202, which Benjamin (1956) described and illustrated but did not name. The purpose of the present paper is to describe a new species of Arachniotus.
Derivatives in the Calculus

(1942). Derivatives in the Calculus. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 49, No. 10, pp. 631-642.
Black Elk and Book Culture

Depuis sa publication en 1932, le livre de J.G. Neihardt Elan noir parle ; la vie d'un saint homme sioux n'a cesse d'influencer les vues sur les religions d'Amerique. Un debat recent est apparu pour savoir quelle est la relation entre les cultures du livre et les peuples qui n'ont pas de tradition ecrite. Le livre de Neihardt se base sur une conception indigene du pays et non sur les institutions ou les livres sacres. Le catholicisme de l'indien Elan noir est un christianisme indigene bien different du christianisme de la population immigree. Les pratiques traditionnelles des natifs americains continuent d'apparaitre comme une critique de la vie moderne.
Abstract C2: Reactivation of embryonic stem cell‐like program in human cancer cells by diverse manners

Embryonic stem cell (ESC)‐like gene expression signature has been identified in multiple types of cancers and associated with high grade tumors and poor prognosis. The ESC signature is further linked with cancer stem/tumor initiating cells. However, it is unclear whether the ES signature reflects inheritance of a stem cell‐of‐origin or reactivation during the course of tumor progression. One recent study implicates the latter because c‐Myc, but not the other tested oncogenes in the report, is sufficient to reactivate the ESC signature in normal and cancer cells. We aim to induce aggressive cancer phenotype in two well‐differentiated human cancer cell lines, A549 of lung adenocarcinoma origin, and MCF‐7 of breast cancer origin. In A549 cells, we generated two variants in which one was transduced with a backbone retroviral vector (A549neo) and the other was a clone overexpressing histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a mediator of TGF‐β1‐induced EMT, upon retroviral transduction (A549HD6). In MCF‐7 cells, we established a clone that acquired resistance to TNF‐α‐induced apoptosis upon chronic exposure (MCF‐7TNR). We observed striking similarity between A549HD6 and MCF‐7TNR whose appearance was drastically different from their respective parental lines. The appearance of A549HD6 and MCF‐7TNR culture resembled ESC culture which features compact cell colonies and high nucleus/cytoplasm ratio. A549HD6 and MCF‐7TNR exhibited alteration in cell cycle progression that was highlighted by low percentage of cycling cells in G‐1 phase, a signature of ESC. Analysis of gene expression revealed loss of E‐cadherin, an epithelial marker. Moreover, profiling stemness and pluropotency markers (TaqMan Human Stem Cell Pluropotency Array, Applied Biosystems) revealed elevated expression of several ESC stemness markers, such as Nanog and UTF1, in A549HD6 and MCF‐7TNR. Fourteen out of twenty‐two genes that were aberrantly activated in both A549HD6 and MCF‐7TNR were targets of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). Majority of the activated PRC2 targets were either markers of adult stem cells (GATA family members), or promoters or markers of cell types other than the origins of A549HD6 and MCF‐7TNR. A549HD6 and MCF‐7TNR exhibited greater tumorigenic property in vitro (soft agar assays) and in vivo (xenograft assays) than their counterparts. Furthermore, A549HD6 cell derived tumors displayed disorganized cell mass which was histologcially distinct from A549neo cell derived tumors that features glandular architecture, a signature histology of well‐differentiated adenocarcinomas. In summary, we demonstrate reactivation of ESC‐like program in well‐differentiated human cancer cells. The ESC‐like phenotype correlates with greater tumorigenic potential. Because ESC‐like reprogramming occurs upon overexpression of EMT mediator or acquisition of apoptosis resistance, our results warrant further investigation of a link between ESC signature and EMT/apoptosis resistance in cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):C2.
Reforming Return to Work: Is Eliminating Double-Dipping Double Gain or Double Trouble?

In difficult economic times many public policy decisions are based almost solely on budget considerations with little thought about the unintended consequences. A recent trend in state governments demonstrates this problem. Several states have reformed the practice of "double-dipping" that is, retiring from employment in a state or local government, receiving a pension, and then returning to full employment in the former agency or another agency within the same retirement system. These cases, especially when they involve high-paying jobs, reinforce public perceptions about government waste and heighten public anger. Public retirement actuaries warn of the high cost of double-dipping, which resonates with elected officials looking to find savings in desperate budget environments. However, the retirees wonder what the problem is since they have earned their retirement benefit and cannot see how it matters if their employer hires them or someone else; any employee would be given the same compensation and benefits whether he or she worked for the government prior to retirement or was a young graduate right out of college. What is often lost in the debate about double-dipping are the unintended consequences of making it more difficult for retirees to return to work. When employees truly retire after years of public service and leave the workforce for good, a vast quantity of knowledge can be lost that is difficult to recover if rehiring is disallowed. The purpose of this essay is to review the costs and benefits of the practice of double-dipping or return to work for retired state and local government employees. First, it presents the reasons why double-dipping has become an issue for state and local governments. Second, it reviews the costs of double-dipping to states and some recent state actions taken to curb these costs. Third, it presents the potential benefits of doubledipping and illustrates the potential of state changes in return-to-work laws by looking at their impact on one state agency in Utah. It concludes by urging caution to ensure that as states move to curb the costs of double-dipping in this time of recession they do not foreclose the potential benefits as well.
The intolerance of uncertainty scale: measurement invariance, population heterogeneity, and its relation with worry among self-identifying White and Black respondents.

Although it is understood that assessment tools require evaluation using diverse samples, such evaluations are relatively rare. There are obstacles to such work, but it remains important to pursue ...
Accurate Tight-Binding Studies of Antiferromagnetic States in La2CuO4

An accurate tight-binding parametrization of the electronic structure of La2CuO4 is used to investigate the effects of spin polarization of the Cu ion on the band structure and magnetic moment in the antiferromagnetic state. It is found that when an exchange splitting on the d(x2-y2) orbitals is imposed, a gap in the spectrum is obtained, whereas no gap is found if the splitting is imposed on all of the d orbitals or even on both d(x2 -y2) and d(z2) orbitals. This result suggests large anisotropy of the exchange field on the Cu ion.
A Post-colonial Analysis of India–United States Nuclear Security: Orientalism, Discourse, and Identity in International Relations:

This article uses Edward Said’s post-colonial framework to analyze India–United States (US) nuclear security relations in the post-Cold War period as a clash of US Orientalism and India’s nuclear s...
The Metallographic Microcosmic characteristics Analysis on the Primary Short Circuited Melted Beads of Copper Wire Heated in Different Temperature

In this paper,primary short circuited melted beads were made and heated in a simulating fire scene and the crystal structure of the primary short circuited melted bead was observed.The result shows the temperature and duration have great influences on the crystal structure of the primary short circuited melted bead.With the increasing of the temperature and prolonging of the heating time,exiguous cylindrical crystal grew up gradually and turned to bulky cylindrical crystal or afterbirth-like crystal,even isometric crystal was found in the melted bead.
Well-Differentiated Laryngeal/Hypopharyngeal Liposarcoma in the MDM2 Era Report of Three Cases and Literature Review

Laryngeal/hypopharyngeal liposarcomas are very rare, fewer than 40 cases have been reported. These tumors are polypoid, with a male predisposition, and usually cause hoarseness and difficulty breathing. Their clinical course is characterized by multiple local recurrences. No distant metastasis has been reported, and dedifferentiation is extremely rare. In sum, the prognosis of these tumors is excellent; the 5-year survival rate is essentially 100 %. Pathologic diagnosis of these well-differentiated liposarcomas can be challenging. Many of them were initially diagnosed as benign lipoma, fibrovascular polyp, or “inflammatory polyp”. The correct diagnosis is usually made after multiple recurrences. On the other hand, the literature bears out that these incorrect diagnoses do not impact disease-specific survival. Here, we report three patients with laryngeal/hypopharyngeal well-differentiated liposarcomas; this is the first documentation of MDM2 amplification in liposarcomas at this site.
Inter-Racial and Multiethnic Communication

Research on inter-racial and interethnic communication has primarily focused on interactions with non-intimate others. However, a growing body of literature has called attention to the fact that many of our personal relationships—including family—are composed of individuals with divergent racial/ethnic backgrounds. Scholars have recognized that multiracial/ethnic families and individuals with mixed backgrounds have unique experiences compared to what has historically been present in the landscape of family communication scholarship. Scholarship on communication in multiracial/ethnic families has centered on two areas: spousal communication and identity development of children with parents from different racial/ethnic groups. Keywords: Race and Ethnicity Studies; cultural diversity; diversity; family communication; intercultural communication
Introduction to Complex Systems and Feedback Control

Abstract A complex system is composed of interconnected parts (components) that are either complex systems themselves or capable of exhibiting global behavior not displayed by the lone components themselves. A typical complex system may be self-organized, nonlinear, stochastic, far from equilibrium, networked, globally coupled, with long-range interactions, with competitive and noncompetitive decision makers, etc. Thus the complexity of such systems is unavoidable in real-world problems. This chapter provides a brief background on complex systems and tools from control systems theory that will be used in subsequent chapters to solve different interesting problems.
Abstract B084: Transparent tumor tomography (T3): Spatial analysis for PD-L1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy

Untangling the complexity of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression within a heterogeneous tumor microenvironment is an urgent challenge in PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Here, we address this challenge with a method, termed transparent tumor tomography (T3), facilitating three-dimensional (3D) visualization and spatial analysis of distributions of multiple biomarkers including Her2, CD45, Ki-67, CD31, and PD-L1 throughout transgenic mouse mammary tumors. Based on our T3 imaging, we reveal that PD-L1 expression within the tumor microenvironment is highly adaptable to tumor status for efficiently preventing immune cell infiltration into the tumor. We also determine spatial pharmacokinetics of anti-PD-L1 antibody in the whole mouse mammary tumor in the context of hypoxia, CD31+ blood vessels, and target PD-L1+ cells. Finally, we demonstrate broad distribution of tumor infiltrating CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells following radiation and anti-PD-L1 antibody therapy. These results provide unique spatial insights into PD-L1 cloaking and PD-L1 blockade therapy. Citation Format: Steve Seung-Young Lee. Transparent tumor tomography (T3): Spatial analysis for PD-L1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B084.
Quantification and expert evaluation of evidence for chemopredictive biomarkers to personalize cancer treatment.

// Shruti Rao 1, * , Robert A. Beckman 1, 2, 3, * , Shahla Riazi 1 , Cinthya S. Yabar 4, 5 , Simina M. Boca 1, 2, 3 , John L. Marshall 2, 6 , Michael J. Pishvaian 2, 6 , Jonathan R. Brody 4 and Subha Madhavan 1, 2 1 Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA 2 Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA 3 Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA 4 Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA 5 Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA 6 Otto J. Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Subha Madhavan, email: Subha.Madhavan@georgetown.edu Keywords: precision medicine, predictive biomarkers, clinical utility, biocuration, evidence framework Received: June 07, 2016 Accepted: November 12, 2016 Published: November 24, 2016 ABSTRACT Predictive biomarkers have the potential to facilitate cancer precision medicine by guiding the optimal choice of therapies for patients. However, clinicians are faced with an enormous volume of often-contradictory evidence regarding the therapeutic context of chemopredictive biomarkers. We extensively surveyed public literature to systematically review the predictive effect of 7 biomarkers claimed to predict response to various chemotherapy drugs: ERCC1-platinums, RRM1-gemcitabine, TYMS-5-fluorouracil/Capecitabine, TUBB3-taxanes, MGMT-temozolomide, TOP1-irinotecan/topotecan, and TOP2A-anthracyclines. We focused on studies that investigated changes in gene or protein expression as predictors of drug sensitivity or resistance. We considered an evidence framework that ranked studies from high level I evidence for randomized controlled trials to low level IV evidence for pre-clinical studies and patient case studies. We found that further in-depth analysis will be required to explore methodological issues, inconsistencies between studies, and tumor specific effects present even within high evidence level studies. Some of these nuances will lend themselves to automation, others will require manual curation. However, the comprehensive cataloging and analysis of dispersed public data utilizing an evidence framework provides a high level perspective on clinical actionability of these protein biomarkers. This framework and perspective will ultimately facilitate clinical trial design as well as therapeutic decision-making for individual patients.
Epidemiology of the Small Renal Mass and the Treatment Disconnect Phenomenon

The incidence of kidney cancer has steadily increased over recent decades, with most new cases now found when lesions are asymptomatic and small. This downward stage migration relates to the increasing use of abdominal imaging. Three public health epidemics-smoking, hypertension, and obesity-also play roles in the increase. Treatment mirrors the rise in incidence, with increasing interest in nephron-sparing therapies. Despite earlier detection and increasing treatment, the mortality rate has not decreased. This treatment disconnect phenomenon highlights the need to decrease unnecessary treatment of indolent tumors and address modifiable risk factors to reduce incidence and mortality.
Transition Considerations and Challenges for Transgender Individuals Serving in the United States Military: A Guide for Mental Health Providers

ABSTRACTThe United States Secretary of Defense lifted the ban against transgender individuals who meet certain criteria serving openly in the military in June 2016. This shift is accompanied by policy changes, directives, and additional information that can be difficult for mental health providers to navigate. The purpose of this article is to enhance mental health providers' understanding about common challenges for the transgender community and specific military regulations regarding transgender individuals. Furthermore, in this article we seek to provide clinical guidance on working with this unique population.
Radiation tolerance of nanotwinned metals – An atomistic perspective

Abstract Remarkable properties of ultra-high strength, ductility, and stability have been achieved through the introduction of twin boundaries in nanostructured metals. Here, we report molecular dynamics simulations which elucidate the synergistic role of grain boundaries and twin boundaries in enhancing the radiation tolerance of nanotwinned metals. While grain boundaries are known to be excellent sinks for point defects, coherent twin boundaries do not absorb point defects. A beneficial corollary is that the structural integrity of coherent twin boundaries remains intact as radiation-induced defects pass through them and ultimately get absorbed into grain boundaries. Hence, the twin boundaries can continue to play a role in imparting high strength even after being subjected to irradiation. Thus, nanotwinned structures may indeed be optimal motifs for radiation tolerant materials that preserve high strength and ductility.
Utilizing neuronavigation for virtual electrode representation and safe resection following SEEG; a technical report

Purpose: One of the most effective treatments for epilepsy is resection, but it remains underutilized. Efforts must be made to increase the ease, safety, and efficacy of epilepsy resection to improve utilization. Studies have shown an improved risk profile of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) over subdural grids (SDG) for invasive monitoring. One limitation to increased adoption of SEEG at epilepsy centers is the theoretical difficulty of planning a delayed resection once electrodes are removed. Our objective was to develop and present a technique using readily available neuronavigation technology to guide a cortical, non-lesional epilepsy resection with co-registration of imaging during invasive monitoring to imaging in an explanted patient, allowing for virtual visualization of electrodes. Methods: An example case taking advantage of the technique described above as an adjunct for an anatomically guided resection is presented with technical details and images. Results: Intraoperative neuronavigation was successfully used to virtually represent previously removed SEEG electrodes and accuracy could be easily verified by examining scars on the scalp, bone, dura and pia. Conclusions: The simple technique presented can be a useful adjunct to resection following SEEG. This may help increase the adoption of SEEG, even when resection is planned.
Part data integration in the Shop Floor Digital Twin: Mobile and cloud technologies to enable a manufacturing execution system

Abstract The availability of data from a manufacturing operation can be used to enable an increase in capability, adaptability, and awareness of the process. In current cyber-physical systems, data are collected from pieces of manufacturing equipment and used to drive useful change and affect production output. The data gathered typically describe the operating state of the equipment, such as a machine tool, and can be provided using standard protocols. One such protocol, known as MTConnect, is becoming increasingly popular to collect data from machine tools. Other useful data can be collected from production personnel using a Manufacturing Execution System (MES) to monitor process output, consumable usage, and operator productivity. However, MTConnect data and MES data usually reside in separate systems that may be proprietary and expensive. This paper describes the development and implementation of a new MES, powered by Android devices and cloud computing tools, that combines MTConnect data with production data collected from operators; the proposed MES is particularly suitable for small manufacturing enterprises, as it is low-cost and easily implementable. A case study using the MES to track a production run of titanium parts is presented, and data from the MES are correlated with MTConnect data from a machine tool. This work is integral to realizing a complete digital model of the shop floor, known as the Shop Floor Digital Twin, that can be used for production control and optimization.
Democratic Deliberation and Moral Awareness

Much of the debate between theorists of deliberative democracy has centered on forms of discourse and the role that reason should play. But philosophers have been unable to explain the transformative power attributed to deliberation. I argue that we ought to look to recent studies of moral psychology, which illuminate the moralizing mechanisms brought into play by deliberation. In deliberations by small groups empathic cues, as well as direct and semantically mediated associations between the social situations of oneself and others, produce moral cognition, and broaden awareness of morally salient features of the policies and issues under discussion. Narrations in diverse groups can enhance moral perception, cue empathic reactions, and provide powerful tools for organizing moral knowledge, in contrast to more confrontational forms of discourse, such as direct argumentation. The moral psychology at work in diverse and small groups of deliberators suggests that the institutionalization of deliberative forums could produce a more representative government and achieve morally better politics and policies.
Towards a multi-scale model of cartilage: coarse-graining glycosaminoglycans

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses a coarse-grained model for the computation of structural and thermodynamic properties of anionic glycosaminoglycans, the molecular building blocks of aggrecan. The model is based on an all-atom description of the biopolymer and incorporates solvent and salt screening effects on electrostatic interactions. The speed-up obtained relative to an all-atom model enables the simulation of the biologically relevant molecular weight range of glycosaminoglycans present in tissues such as cartilage. As an initial application and validation of the model, the persistence length for isolated hyaluronan, chondroitin, chondroitin-4-sulfate, and chondroitin-6-sulfate polymers at various salt concentrations is computed. Persistence length is found to vary as the inverse square root of ionic strength in each case, in quantitative agreement with experimental light scattering data. Future developments of the model are to include improvements to the computation of electrostatic energy and further reduction of internal degrees of freedom to achieve additional coarse-graining.
Statistical Methods in Pattern Recognition

When measurements group together and begin to form clusters in some measurement feature space, one tends to remark that a pattern is developing. Furthermore, the size and shape of the pattern can be provided a statistical description. In a variety of applications, one is faced with the problem of using these statistical descriptions to classify a particular measurement to a specific cluster; that is, to make a decision regarding which pattern group generated the measurement.
Belize: Language Situation

Located at the juncture of Central America and the West Indies, Belize, formerly the British colony of British Honduras, is a multiethnic, multilingual nation in spite of its small size. Because of its colonial past, Belize has the highest percentage of English speakers, although the label ‘English’ fails to reflect the extreme diversity of the creole continuum that functions as lingua franca. The vernacular, Belizean Creole, is widely spoken by the other ethnic groups that include Mestizo, Maya, Garifuna, and German Mennonite communities, each with their own native language as well.
Negative magnetoresistance of Ce 3 Bi 4 Pt 3 at low temperatures

We have calculated the field dependence of the magnetoresistance and the Hall constant for the N=2 insulating phase of the Anderson lattice Hamiltonian using a slave-boson approach. At low temperatures, the magnetoresistance is negative and its field dependence as well as that of the Hall coefficient are in qualitative agreement with the experimental results for ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Bi}}_{4}$${\mathrm{Pt}}_{3}$. At high temperatures, the magnetoresistance has a small positive quadratic field dependence. We predict an almost identical value of the transverse and longitudinal magnetoresistances for this compound at low temperatures.
LOW INTENSITY SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF LIPTINITE, VITRINITE, AND INERTINITE MACERALS

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a low-intensity spectral analysis of liptinite, vitrinite, and inertinite macerals. The use of photo diode detection equipment allows fluorescence spectral measurement for the first time on all coal macerals. The photo diode fluorescence system uses a standard fluorescence microscope with a high-pressure mercury lamp as the ultraviolet light source. A 2 mm BG23 filter and a 4 mm BG38 filter are employed to block out near-infrared emissions. In an experiment described in the chapter, a standard vertical illuminator with a TK400 dichroic mirror was used in combination with a K430 filter. A 50x air objective lens with 10x oculars was used to provide an effective 500x magnification.
Hypusine, a polyamine-derived amino acid critical for eukaryotic translation.

The natural amino acid hypusine (Nδ-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl(lysine)) is derived from the polyamine spermidine, and occurs only in a single family of cellular proteins, eukaryotic translation factor 5A (eIF5A) isoforms. Hypusine is formed by conjugation of the aminobutyl moiety of spermidine to a specific lysine residue of this protein. The posttranslational synthesis of hypusine involves two enzymatic steps, catalyzed by deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). Hypusine is essential for eIF5A activity. Inactivation of either the eIF5A or the DHPS gene is lethal in yeast and mouse, underscoring the vital role of eIF5A hypusination in eukaryotic cell growth and animal development. The long and basic side chain of the hypusine residue promotes eIF5A-mediated translation elongation by facilitating peptide bond formation at polyproline stretches and at many other ribosome-pausing sites. It also enhances translation termination by stimulating peptide release. By promoting translation, the hypusine modification of eIF5A provides a key link between polyamines and cell growth regulation. eIF5A has been implicated in several human pathological conditions. Recent genetic data suggest that eIF5A haploinsufficiency or impaired deoxyhypusine synthase activity is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in humans.