cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic Characterization of TiO2 Polymorphs in Wastewater Treatment and Sediment Samples

The reactivity and toxicity of nano-TiO2 are controlled to a large extent by its phase composition. Although numerous studies have focused on the environmental impacts of nano-TiO2, the phase composition of TiO2 in environmental samples remains unknown. Using Ti K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, we reveal the average phase composition of TiO2 present at various stages of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and in sediments collected both upstream and downstream of the WWTP discharge point. The XANES spectra provide direct evidence of the presence of TiO2 in these samples, in particular the coexistence of both anatase and rutile phases. Spectral decomposition using least-squares linear combination fitting shows that Ti in the WWTP samples contained ∼30% anatase, 60% rutile, and 10% ilmenite. This composition was stable over a two-month sampling period (nine sampling events) and did not change among primary sludge, activated sludge, and the final effluent. In contr...
A statistical analysis of cervical auscultation signals from adults with unsafe airway protection

Aspiration, where food or liquid is allowed to enter the larynx during a swallow, is recognized as the most clinically salient feature of oropharyngeal dysphagia. This event can lead to short-term harm via airway obstruction or more long-term effects such as pneumonia. In order to non-invasively identify this event using high resolution cervical auscultation there is a need to characterize cervical auscultation signals from subjects with dysphagia who aspirate. In this study, we collected swallowing sound and vibration data from 76 adults (50 men, 26 women, mean age 62) who underwent a routine videofluoroscopy swallowing examination. The analysis was limited to swallows of liquid with either thin (<5 cps) or viscous (≈300 cps) consistency and was divided into those with deep laryngeal penetration or aspiration (unsafe airway protection), and those with either shallow or no laryngeal penetration (safe airway protection), using a standardized scale. After calculating a selection of time, frequency, and time-frequency features for each swallow, the safe and unsafe categories were compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum statistical tests. Our analysis found that few of our chosen features varied in magnitude between safe and unsafe swallows with thin swallows demonstrating no statistical variation. We also supported our past findings with regard to the effects of sex and the presence or absence of stroke on cervical ausculation signals, but noticed certain discrepancies with regards to bolus viscosity. Overall, our results support the necessity of using multiple statistical features concurrently to identify laryngeal penetration of swallowed boluses in future work with high resolution cervical auscultation.
Evaluating and Improving the Performance and Scheduling of HPC Applications in Cloud

Cloud computing is emerging as a promising alternative to supercomputers for some high-performance computing (HPC) applications. With cloud as an additional deployment option, HPC users and providers are faced with the challenges of dealing with highly heterogeneous resources, where the variability spans across a wide range of processor configurations, interconnects, virtualization environments, and pricing models. In this paper, we take a holistic viewpoint to answer the question— why and who should choose cloud for HPC, for what applications, and how should cloud be used for HPC? To this end, we perform comprehensive performance and cost evaluation and analysis of running a set of HPC applications on a range of platforms, varying from supercomputers to clouds. Further, we improve performance of HPC applications in cloud by optimizing HPC applications’ characteristics for cloud and cloud virtualization mechanisms for HPC. Finally, we present novel heuristics for online application-aware job scheduling in multi-platform environments. Experimental results and simulations using CloudSim show that current clouds cannot substitute supercomputers but can effectively complement them. Significant improvement in average turnaround time (up to 2X)and throughput (up to 6X) can be attained using our intelligent application-aware dynamic scheduling heuristics compared tosingle-platform or application-agnostic scheduling.
mTOR Inhibition improves anaemia and reduces organ damage in a murine model of sickle cell disease.

Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been shown to play an important role in red blood cell physiology, with inhibition of mTOR signalling leading to alterations in erythropoiesis. To determine if mTOR inhibition would improve anaemia in sickle cell disease (SCD), mice with SCD were treated with the dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor, INK128. One week after daily oral drug treatment, erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, and haematocrit were all significantly increased while reticulocyte counts were reduced. These parameters remained stable during 3 weeks of treatment. Similar effects were observed following oral treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor, sirolimus. Sirolimus treatment prolonged the lifespan of sickle cell erythrocytes in circulation, reduced spleen size, and reduced renal and hepatic iron accumulation in SCD mice. Following middle cerebral artery occlusion, stroke size was reduced in SCD mice treated with sirolimus. In conclusion, mTOR inhibition is protective against anaemia and organ damage in a murine model of SCD.
Pharmacokinetic considerations in treating invasive pediatric fungal infections.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Despite the increased availability of systemic antifungal agents in recent years, the management of invasive fungal disease is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Knowledge of a drug’s pharmacokinetic behavior is critical for optimizing existing treatment strategies.Areas covered: This review examines the pharmacokinetics of the major drug classes used to treat invasive mycoses including the echinocandins, imidazoles, triazoles, nucleoside analogs, and polyenes. It examines the mechanisms behind dose-exposure profiles that differ in children as compared with adults and explores the utility of pharmacogenetic testing and therapeutic drug monitoring.Expert opinion: Lifesaving medical advances for oncologic and autoimmune conditions have resulted in a significant increase in the frequency of opportunistic fungal infections. Owing to the high rate of treatment failures observed when managing invasive fungal infections, strategies to optimize antifungal therapy are ...
Analysis of end-of-life content in nursing textbooks.

Purpose/objectives To determine the amount and types of content regarding pain and end-of-life (EOL) care included in major textbooks used in nursing education. Design Descriptive. Sample 50 texts (45,683 pages) selected from a potential of more than 700 texts. Methods Content analysis and quantification of nine essential areas of EOL care content present in the texts. Main research variables Nine areas of EOL care: palliative care defined; quality of life, pain; other symptom assessment/management; communication with dying patients and families; role/needs of family caregivers in EOL care; death; issues of policy, ethics, and law; and bereavement. Findings Only 2% of the overall content and 1.4% of chapters in nursing texts were related to EOL care. Based on the analysis, many deficiencies were identified in the texts, including inaccurate information and a lack of information regarding critical EOL topics. Conclusions Nursing texts contain limited content regarding EOL care. Increased attention to this area is essential in preparing nurses to care for patients at EOL. Implications for nursing practice Nursing practice is based on the foundation of nursing education. Changes in nursing school curriculum and provision of continuing education for practicing nurses are essential for improved EOL care.
Surgical infectious disease and the urologist.

SUMMARY Most postprocedural infections in urologic surgery are preventable. Preoperative management of predisposing conditions such as malnutrition, as discussed elsewhere in this symposium, and eradication of existing infections, particularly in the urinary tract, are mandatory. Use of prophylactic antibiotics should be limited to situations in which surgery is done in the unavoidable presence of infection or contamination. Bowel preparation is indicated when anastomosis to part of the gastrointestinal tract is anticipated.
The edge of messy: interplays of daily storytelling and grand narratives in teacher learning

AbstractThis paper examines the interplay of daily storytelling and societal narratives of teaching in one student teacher’s experience. Drawing on narrative and post-structural theories, I conducted a case study using narrative inquiry and ethnographic methods to examine the moment-to-moment storytelling of one student teacher across a range of teaching and learning contexts. Using student teacher blogs about pivotal events as a main source of data, findings demonstrate that initial story themes cohered around narratives of experimentation and adaptation as central to effective teaching, but were also complicated by pervasive societal storylines about traditional teacher authority. Implications for teacher educators are discussed.
Near-road enhancement and solubility of fine and coarse particulate matter trace elements near a major interstate in Detroit, Michigan

Abstract Communities near major roadways are disproportionately affected by traffic-related air pollution which can contribute to adverse health outcomes. The specific role of particulate matter (PM) from traffic sources is not fully understood due to complex emissions processes and physical/chemical properties of PM in the near-road environment. To investigate the spatial profile and water solubility of elemental PM species near a major roadway, filter-based measurements of fine (PM 2.5 ) and coarse (PM 10-2.5 ) PM were simultaneously collected at multiple distances (10 m, 100 m, and 300 m) from Interstate I-96 in Detroit, Michigan during September–November 2010. Filters were extracted in water, followed by a hot acid extraction, and analyzed by magnetic sector field high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICPMS) to quantify water-soluble and acid-soluble trace elements for each PM size fraction. PM 2.5 and PM 10-2.5 species measured in the near-road samples included elements associated with traffic activity, local industrial sources, and regional pollution. Metals indicative of brake wear (Ba, Cu) were dramatically enriched near the roadway during downwind conditions (factor of 5 concentration increase), with the largest increase within 100 m of the roadway. Moderate near-roadway increases were observed for crustal elements and other traffic-related PM (Fe, Ca), and the lowest increases observed for regional PM species (S). Water solubility varied by PM species and size, and for PM 2.5 included highly (S, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Ba), moderately (Cu, Mn, Sb, Pb), and minimally (Fe, Ti) water-soluble species, with lower water solubility for most species in PM 10-2.5 . Results from this study indicate that water-soluble PM 2.5 and PM 10-2.5 metals, particularly from brake/tire wear, were enhanced in the near-roadway environment which may have human health implications.
Evanescent guiding of acoustic waves for chip-scale optomechanical circuits

We investigate evanescent guiding of acoustic waves in solids without suspension by utilizing impedance contrast in silicon-based materials. This enables construction of waveguides, resonators and other building blocks to form complex optomechanical circuits.
Physical Interactions in Ductal Microinvasions: Integrating Histology with Computational Modeling

Progression from a ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to an invasive tumor is a major step initiating a devastating and often lethal metastatic cascade. One of the first steps in this process is the development of ductal microinvasions, i.e., small cohorts of tumor cells that breach the basement membrane surrounding the duct, and migrate through the extracellular matrix (ECM). At this point, for the first time, the epithelially-derived tumor cells engage in a direct physical contact with the extracellular matrix and the stroma. We combined single cell-based model of the tumor-ECM interactions and ECM remodeling, and image-based analysis of the cellular biophysico-chemical features as determined from patients’ histology samples of DCIS. Using this model we showed how changes in the local microenvironmental niche near the DCIS edge enable initiation and progression of ductal microinvasions. Of particular interest are the biomechanical interactions between the cells and the ECM fiber structure, and microenvironmental features that define niche prone to microinvasions. These findings can be compared to the patient histology samples and help define criteria for future development of new prognostic methods and therapeutic interventions by targeting the tumor niche.
The Angle Trisection by al-Sijzī

The text of the unattributed angle trisection transcribed by Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn cAbd al-Jalīl al-Sijzī (here denoted as D) is taken from Bibl. nat. ms. arab. (Slane) 2457, no. 33 (f. 160r). It follows the same method used by al-Qūhī (cf. chap. E), to whom al–Sijzī himself assigns it in his own tract on angle trisection (Leyden ms. Or. 168, f. 25v; cf. Woepcke, p. 118 and Sezgin, p. 331).
Octreotide-Associated Neutropenia

Drug-induced neutropenia and agranulocytosis are rare adverse events but can be fatal. Neutropenia can be induced by a myriad of drugs from almost every pharmacologic class. Octreotide is a somatostatin analogue that has been used to treat variceal bleeding, acromegaly, and severe diarrhea associated with metastatic tumors, and to reduce symptoms in the setting of malignant bowel obstruction and pseudo-obstruction. The most common adverse effects associated with octreotide include pain at the injection site and gastrointestinal effects such as loose stools, cramping, and nausea; neutropenia is not currently listed as an adverse effect of the drug. We describe the case of an 87-year-old man who developed neutropenia immediately after administration of one dose of subcutaneous octreotide. He presented to the hospital with a history of constipation and straining for 3 days. He was admitted, and laxatives, suppositories, and enemas were administered over the next 3 days to induce a bowel movement; however, they were ineffective. Bowel obstruction secondary to a mass was confirmed by computed tomography; the mass was eventually diagnosed as colon cancer. Octreotide 100 mcg subcutaneously every 8 hours was started for the obstruction on the evening of hospital day 4. After the patient had received three doses of octreotide, his white blood cell count (WBC) had decreased from 4.1 x 103/mm3 (neutrophils 75.4%, absolute neutrophil count [ANC] 3.1 x 103/mm3) on admission to 1.6 x 103/mm3 (neutrophils 62%, ANC 0.99 x 103/mm3) on day 5. Given the temporal relationship of octreotide and neutropenia as well as the lack of a reasonable alternative cause, it was suspected that octreotide was the most likely culprit of the patient's neutropenia. Octreotide was subsequently discontinued, and his WBC increased to 4.9 x 103/mm3 (neutrophils 66.3%, ANC 3.2 x 103/mm3) the next day. The remainder of the patient's hospitalization was not significant for any further hematologic abnormalities. His WBC and ANC (WBC 6.7 x 103/mm3, neutrophils 83.2%, ANC 5.6 x 103/mm3) remained stable 30 days after the incident. Use of the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale indicated a probable relationship (score of 5) between the patient's development of neutropenia and octreotide therapy. To our knowledge, this report highlights the first case of octreotide-associated neutropenia. Although the frequency of drug-induced neutropenia remains rare outside of cytotoxic chemotherapy, the importance of recognizing this adverse effect cannot be understated given the mortality risks for neutropenic patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Finding HOPE: Changes in depressive symptomology following relocation from distressed public housing

Many public housing residents suffer from poor mental health and depression, which may be a function of both socioeconomic deprivation and residing in disorderly, unstable, and disadvantaged neighborhoods. While not explicitly targeting mental health, the HOPE VI program may improve public housing residents' mental health by relocating them from distressed developments and into less-disadvantaged and disorderly neighborhoods. This paper examines post-relocation depressive symptomology among residents relocated from the Boulevard Homes public housing development in Charlotte, NC. Drawing on pre- and post-relocation surveys, as well as interviews with staff and case managers, we examine whether depressive symptomology - measured by the CES-D-10 - is associated with whether tenants relocate to other public housing or to private-market housing through the Housing Choice Voucher program. Further, we investigate whether social support, perceptions of safety, or objective neighborhood measures result in improvements in post-relocation depressive symptomology. We find that depressive symptomology substantially decreased following relocation, and those with higher CES-D-10 scores were more likely to move to other public housing rather than through the voucher program. Interviews with case managers suggest that some residents were fearful of leaving public housing and assuming the responsibilities of a private-market rental unit - e.g., basic maintenance and utility payments. Further, we find that reductions in post-relocation depressive symptomology are associated with greater perceptions of safety, greater social support in their new neighborhoods, and length of tenure at Boulevard Homes. Policy recommendations include expanding community-based mental health services, conducting pre-relocation mental health screenings, and providing additional relocation counseling to those suffering from depression.
Effects of thermal cycles on the microstructure evolution of Inconel 718 during selective laser melting process

Abstract A staircase Inconel 718 block was fabricated to investigate the effects of the thermal cycles on the microstructure evolution in the selective laser melting (SLM) part using optical scope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The laser beam scanning strategy was clearly shown in the part under OM, including laser scanning pattern and hatch spacing. The Y-plane (side surface) was characterized by elongated colonies of cellular dendrites with an average cell spacing of 0.511 ∼ 0.845 μm. In addition, Laves phase was observed in the inter-layers and inter-cellular regions. Under the continuing effects of the thermal cycles, the fraction of the Laves-phase showed a significant drop with their morphology changing from coarse and interconnected particles to discrete Laves phase. This is attributed to the reheating process as Laves phase can be dissolved at a proper heat treatment. In terms of the width of the cellular dendrites, the longer the thermal cycle period is, the coarser the elongated grains are. Due to the preferred orientation of the crystal, the Y-plane and Z-plane had a strong texture of and , respectively. With the repeating thermal cycle period elongating, the maximum intensity of the texture, together with the fraction of larger grains and the high misorientation angles, increased. At the same height, there was no significant changes with the grains size, but the fraction of the high misorientation angles (>15°) increased with the subsequent building of the part. Moreover, the area fraction of the porosity was below 0.2%, with no remarkable effects found from the thermal cycles and the build height.
Folklore and Myth in Isa Charan Sada's Firdaus Gumshudah an Urdu Adaptation of Paradise Lost

(1983). Folklore and Myth in Isa Charan Sada's Firdaus Gumshudah an Urdu Adaptation of Paradise Lost. South Asian Review: Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 10-21.
T3 increases mitochondrial ATP production in oxidative muscle despite increased expression of UCP2 and -3

Triiodothyronine (T3) increases O2 and nutrient flux through mitochondria (Mito) of many tissues, but it is unclear whether ATP synthesis is increased, particularly in different types of skeletal m...
Risk stratification of gastrointestinal stromal tumors by CtBP2 and CD44 analysis.

48Background: C-terminal binding protein 2 (CtBP2) is an oncogenic transcription factor that promotes cancer stem cell (CSC) growth and self-renewal, and controls pathways for tumor initiation, pro...
The promise and challenge of brownfield aerotropolises

Successful airport city/aerotropolis developments need to satisfy both spatial and social requirements. Developer-led efforts often satisfy neither. This paper suggests that that in many cases brownfields provide more fertile ground than greenfields for planned aerotropolis developments. This is the promise of brownfield aerotropolis development. The paper further suggests that the absence of a coherent key target group is often a key factor in diminishing planned airport city/aerotropolis growth. This is the challenge of all aerotropolis development. Because the absence of such a group can be a hindrance, the extent to which concerted common action can create such a coherent target group is explored. Insights are gathered from an exploration of two contrasting but successful brownfield redevelopments and from redevelopment efforts in the Atlanta airport area.
Testing the organizational theory of innovation implementation effectiveness in a community pharmacy medication management program: a hurdle regression analysis

Many state Medicaid programs are implementing pharmacist-led medication management programs to improve outcomes for high-risk beneficiaries. There are a limited number of studies examining implementation of these programs, making it difficult to assess why program outcomes might vary across organizations. To address this, we tested the applicability of the organizational theory of innovation implementation effectiveness to examine implementation of a community pharmacy Medicaid medication management program. We used a hurdle regression model to examine whether organizational determinants, such as implementation climate and innovation-values fit, were associated with effective implementation. We defined effective implementation in two ways: implementation versus non-implementation and program reach (i.e., the proportion of the target population that received the intervention). Data sources included an implementation survey administered to participating community pharmacies and administrative data. The findings suggest that implementation climate is positively and significantly associated with implementation versus non-implementation (AME = 2.65, p < 0.001) and with program reach (AME = 5.05, p = 0.001). Similarly, the results suggest that innovation-values fit is positively and significantly associated with implementation (AME = 2.17, p = 0.037) and program reach (AME = 11.79, p < 0.001). Some structural characteristics, such as having a clinical pharmacist on staff, were significant predictors of implementation and program reach whereas other characteristics, such as pharmacy type or prescription volume, were not. Our study supported the use of the organizational theory of innovation implementation effectiveness to identify organizational determinants that are associated with effective implementation (e.g., implementation climate and innovation-values fit). Unlike broader environmental factors or structural characteristics (e.g., pharmacy type), implementation climate and innovation-values fit are modifiable factors and can be targeted through intervention—a finding that is important for community pharmacy practice. Additional research is needed to determine what implementation strategies can be used by community pharmacy leaders and practitioners to develop a positive implementation climate and innovation-values fit for medication management programs.
CMOS-Compatible MESFETs for High Power RF Integrated Circuits

Metal semiconductor field effect transistors (MESFETs) have been fabricated using a 45-nm silicon-on-insulator CMOS technology available from Global Foundries. MESFETs with gate lengths of 200 nm show good manufacturability with well-controlled run-to-run variations. The DC and RF performance of devices with different drain access lengths are compared to illustrate the design trades between high breakdown voltage and high frequency operation. Two applications of the MESFETs for RF integrated circuit design are presented. The first demonstrates integrated n-channel MOSFET–MESFET cascode amplifiers that combine the enhanced voltage operation of the MESFET with the high frequency capability of the scaled MOSFET. The resulting small-signal amplifiers demonstrate cut-off frequencies of 50 GHz when operated with supply voltages of 6 V, significantly higher than the nominal 1 V breakdown voltage of the CMOS transistors. The second application demonstrates a watt-level MESFET power amplifier integrated with a CMOS current steering digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The MESFET serves as the RF output device, while the 4-bit CMOS DAC enables average power tracking. Both examples demonstrate the design flexibility enabled by the CMOS-compatible MESFETs.
Beyond fertility: polycystic ovary syndrome and long-term health.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive, endocrine, and metabolic disorder affecting millions of women worldwide. Women with PCOS are often identified in adolescence or early adulthood with symptoms of oligomenorrhea or hirsutism or when presenting for infertility care. The health risks associated out of PCOS, however, go far beyond management of these common presenting symptoms or fertility treatment and likely extend past the reproductive years through and beyond menopause. International surveys suggest that most patients are dissatisfied with long-term counseling related to medical and psychologic issues. We performed a review of comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, depression, anxiety, obstructive sleep apnea, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, endometrial cancer, and cardiovascular disease, in both reproductive-age and older women with PCOS. Most meta-analyses in reproductive-age women demonstrate increased risks independent from obesity. Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies including women with PCOS >40 years of age are limited in number and design, but many demonstrate that some of these comorbidities persist. All providers involved in the multidimensional care of women with PCOS should be aware of these long-term health risks to provide appropriate counseling, screening, and management options. We identify limitations that should be the focus of future studies designed to study health outcomes in postmenopausal women with PCOS.
Heuristic Search Algorithm for Dimensionality Reduction Optimally Combining Feature Selection and Feature Extraction

The following are two classical approaches to dimensionality reduction: 1. Approximating the data with a small number of features that exist in the data (feature selection). 2. Approximating the data with a small number of arbitrary features (feature extraction). We study a generalization that approximates the data with both selected and extracted features. We show that an optimal solution to this hybrid problem involves a combinatorial search, and cannot be trivially obtained even if one can solve optimally the separate problems of selection and extraction. Our approach that gives optimal and approximate solutions uses a “best first” heuristic search. The algorithm comes with both an a priori and an a posteriori optimality guarantee similar to those that can be obtained for the classical weighted A* algorithm. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Opioid Multidistrict Litigation Secrecy

Considerable attention has been devoted to the massive opioid multidistrict litigation (MDL), which consists of nearly 2,000 federal court cases consolidated before Judge Dan Polster in United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio. Journalists have examined whether the plaintiff states, counties, municipalities, and tribes have pleaded viable legal causes of action against the defendant manufacturers, distributors, and retailers that stand accused of exacerbating the opioid crisis via misbranding, aggressively marketing, and failing to monitor, flag, and report suspicious shipments of prescription opioid pills. Pundit speculation has abounded regarding the scope of potential damages in play in the litigation given that experts estimate that “fixing” the crisis will cost more than $480 billion over the next decade. And the media has enthusiastically covered the nefarious allegations that have been leveled at the crisis’ most notorious villains: the wealthy Sacklers of Perdue Pharma fame. Until recently, however, scant attention has been consigned to the opioid MDL’s most salient and, arguably, most disturbing feature: its insidious secrecy. The clandestine nature of the MDL has prevented the public from understanding the plaintiffs’ allegations and legal arguments, the basic facts concerning the scope of corporate marketing, distribution, and sales of prescription opioids, and the DEA’s confounding failure to detect suspicious sales of the drugs and, thereby, mitigate diversion. This essay examines the events that instigated the secrecy that has cloaked the opioid MDL, discusses the legal merits of district court’s non-disclosure rulings in the mass tort public health litigation, and, ultimately, contends that a judge’s failure to make transparent crucial evidence in aggregate national health emergency lawsuits, like the opioid MDL, is likely to undermine the public health outcomes the litigation aims to achieve.
A Clustering Approach to Learning Sparsely Used Overcomplete Dictionaries

We consider the problem of learning overcomplete dictionaries in the context of sparse coding, where each sample selects a sparse subset of dictionary elements. Our main result is a strategy to approximately recover the unknown dictionary using an efficient algorithm. Our algorithm is a clustering-style procedure, where each cluster is used to estimate a dictionary element. The resulting solution can often be further cleaned up to obtain a high accuracy estimate, and we provide one simple scenario where $\ell _{1}$ -regularized regression can be used for such a second stage.
Data-driven deep learning of partial differential equations in modal space

Abstract We present a framework for recovering/approximating unknown time-dependent partial differential equation (PDE) using its solution data. Instead of identifying the terms in the underlying PDE, we seek to approximate the evolution operator of the underlying PDE numerically. The evolution operator of the PDE, defined in infinite-dimensional space, maps the solution from a current time to a future time and completely characterizes the solution evolution of the underlying unknown PDE. Our recovery strategy relies on approximation of the evolution operator in a properly defined modal space, i.e., generalized Fourier space, in order to reduce the problem to finite dimensions. The finite dimensional approximation is then accomplished by training a deep neural network structure, which is based on residual network (ResNet), using the given data. Error analysis is provided to illustrate the predictive accuracy of the proposed method. A set of examples of different types of PDEs, including inviscid Burgers' equation that develops discontinuity in its solution, are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Atypical gynecomastia mimicking breast malignancy on mammography, sonography, and 18F‐fluciclovine PET/CT in the setting of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer

A 60-year-old man with metastatic prostate cancer presented with breast swelling for one year. Suspicious breast masses were identified in both breasts with mammography and ultrasound. Biopsy of both masses showed florid gynecomastia without malignancy. Sixteen months later, the patient underwent 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT for biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer; this showed focal radiotracer uptake in both breasts. Repeat mammogram and ultrasound showed these areas to correspond with the previously biopsied masses, which were stable. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of gynecomastia mimicking malignancy on 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT.
Cause Analysis of SA-210 Steel Water-Cooled Wall Leakage

When the SA-210 steel water-cooled pipes are under high temperature and high pressure, high pressure steam will generate an outward pressure on the inner wall of the pipes, which will cause the pipe to swell outward. If there is a small defect on the inner wall of the water-cooled tube, this defect will become a stress concentration point. The additional pressure acts on the stress concentration point to cause cracks, and after the cracks generated, lead to the cracks to expand at the same time. In the cracks, vapor will diffuse into the matrix along the cracks, occurring corrosion under the action of high temperature, which further accelerates crack growth. Eventually, it leads to water-cooled tube wall leakage.
PRIMARY CALYCOURETEROSTOMY FOR PELVIOURETERAL JUNCTION OBSTRUCTION: INDICATIONS AND RESULTS

AbstractCalycoureterostomy has been used as a secondary procedure rather than nephrectomy, interposition of bowel segment or autotransplantation in unusually difficult cases of pelvioureteral junction obstruction. We have performed 18 calycoureterostomies, 15 of which were done as the primary treatment for pelvioureteral junction obstruction. This is the first report to analyze the results of primary calycoureterostomy in a sizable series of patients. The details of the cases as well as the indications and results of the procedure are presented.
Low-rank matrix recovery with non-quadratic loss: projected gradient method and regularity projection oracle

Existing results for low-rank matrix recovery largely focus on quadratic loss, which enjoys favorable properties such as restricted strong convexity/smoothness (RSC/RSM) and well conditioning over all low rank matrices. However, many interesting problems involve non-quadratic loss do not satisfy such properties; examples including one-bit matrix sensing, one-bit matrix completion, and rank aggregation. For these problems, standard nonconvex approaches such as projected gradient with rank constraint alone (a.k.a. iterative hard thresholding) and Burer-Monteiro approach may perform badly in practice and have no satisfactory theory in guaranteeing global and efficient convergence. In this paper, we show that the critical component in low-rank recovery with non-quadratic loss is a regularity projection oracle, which restricts iterates to low-rank matrix within an appropriate bounded set, over which the loss function is well behaved and satisfies a set of relaxed RSC/RSM conditions. Accordingly, we analyze an (averaged) projected gradient method equipped with such an oracle, and prove that it converges globally and linearly. Our results apply to a wide range of non-quadratic problems including rank aggregation, one bit matrix sensing/completion, and more broadly generalized linear models with rank constraint.
No tDCS augmented working memory training benefit in undergraduates rewarded with course credit.

Abstract Background The goal of working memory (WM) training is to expand capacity of this executive function. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) paired with WM training is more consistent than either alone. We have reported that tDCS targeting frontal and/or parietal regions enhanced theta phase locking, reduced alpha power, and strengthened theta-gamma phase amplitude coupling. Objective To determine whether tDCS to frontal or parietal sites optimized WM training gains we pre-registered a tDCS-WM training study. Methods 80 undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of four anodal tDCS montages: frontal (F4), parietal (P4), alternating (P4-F4), and sham (P4 or F4). Participants completed 5-training sessions over one week and returned for follow-up testing after 30 days of no-contact. Results No group showed significant improvement in trained or transfer task performance at the end of training nor at follow-up. Conclusions This null finding marks a failure to replicate in undergraduates training benefits observed in graduate students. We argue that motivation is essential to elicit improved performance in training protocols.
An Updated Look at Television-Related Pediatric Head and Neck Injuries: Safer Products and a Shifting Paradigm.

ABSTRACT Television tip-over injuries have been designated a top-five hidden home hazard by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission. In this study the authors utilize the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) Database to provide an updated look at television-related head and neck injuries in the United States pediatric population. The NEISS Database was accessed for all television-related head and neck injury reports from January 2000 to December 2018 in patients under 18 years of age. Demographic data including age, sex, and race were also obtained. Narrative descriptions of each injury were also individually reviewed and categorized by specific type of injury. Miscoded reports were excluded. Between January 2000 and December 2018, 5944 NEISS reports of television-related injuries met inclusion criteria, corresponding to an estimated total of 159,785 injuries nationally during this period. The average patient age at time of evaluation was 4.11 years with a male predominance of 61.3%. Total number of injuries - and weighted national estimates - remained relatively stable between 2000 and 2006, peaking in 2009 (450 reported cases, 12,004 estimated national total). Between 2009 and 2018 the number of reported injuries, and corresponding national estimates, saw a 75.8% and a 72.1% decrease, respectively. Television-related head and neck injuries have declined dramatically in the United States since 2009. The underlying cause of this decline is likely multifactorial, and additional steps to improve the safety of these products are necessary to continue to ensure the safety of all children in the United States.
Targeting the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway suppresses CARM1-expressing ovarian cancer

CARM1 is often overexpressed in human cancers including in ovarian cancer. However, therapeutic approaches based on CARM1 expression remain to be an unmet need. Cancer cells exploit adaptive responses such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response for their survival through activating pathways such as the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway. Here, we report that CARM1-expressing ovarian cancer cells are selectively sensitive to inhibition of the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway. CARM1 regulates XBP1s target gene expression and directly interacts with XBP1s during ER stress response. Inhibition of the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway was effective against ovarian cancer in a CARM1-dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo in orthotopic and patient-derived xenograft models. In addition, IRE1α inhibitor B-I09 synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade anti-PD1 antibody in an immunocompetent CARM1-expressing ovarian cancer model. Our data show that pharmacological inhibition of the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway alone or in combination with immune checkpoint blockade represents a therapeutic strategy for CARM1-expressing cancers. The unfolded protein response (UPR) promotes cell survival in cancers with hyperactive ER stress response. Here the authors show that CARM1, an arginine methyltransferase, controls the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway of the UPR and the inhibition of this pathway can inhibit growth in CARM1 expressing ovarian cancers.
Conical techniques for incompressible non-viscous flow

An analytical investigation was made of incompressible potential flow fields in which the velocity components are homogeneous of order zero. Superpositions of such fields were then made and expressions were derived for the flow fields associated with constant-strength source and vortex sheets of finite extent. The constant strength source-sheets were then applied to the construction of aerodynamic models of thin non-lifting wings of polygonal platform and airfoil section. By use of the constant strength vortex-sheets, several approximate aerodynamic models were constructed for the determination of the pressure distribution on thin lifting wings at small angles of attack.
A Note on Elasticity and Price Dispersions in the Music Recording Industry

The present note examines price dispersions inthe music recording industry between new release andmid-line (older) recordings. The model employs theframework developed within the industrial economicsliterature and provides empirical results suggestingthat new release prices are lower than those ofmid-level recordings. This result follows fromdiffering buyer characteristics and varying levelsof close substitutes, leading to higher demandelasticities for new release recordings. Finally,the theoretical expectations should hold in thepresence of either significant scale economies ormodest minimum efficient scales of production.
Parents with human immunodeficiency virus infection: Perceptions of their children's emotional needs

Objective. To investigate the likelihood of patients who have human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodefidency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) being parents and to identify concerns of these parents about their children. Design. A survey was conducted of parental status, demographics, perceptions of social/emotional needs of self and one9s children. Responses were analyzed for demographic differences. Participants. A total of 242 patients from the university HIV/AIDS clinics completed the survey. Main outcome measures. Parental status, number, and ages of children, parental concerns about their children related to their own HIV/AIDS. Results. Nearly one third (31.8%) of the sample of HIV/AIDS patients were parents, and three fourths (76%) of the female patients were mothers. Slightly more than one third of these were married, and these were not predominantly families who also had infected children. The percentage of women in the parent subsample (40.8%) was higher than the percentage of women in the overall patient sample (16.7%). Only half of the parents reported that their children >4 years of age knew of their diagnosis. Two thirds of the parents reported they believed their children did not need to talk to someone about their parent9s health, and nearly half of the parents reported that they did not need help dealing with their children concerning issues related to AIDS. Conclusion. The percentage of HIV/AIDS patients who are parents is high, and parental status and emotional needs of parents and their children will likely become an increasingly important issue. Many questions are raised by our findings. Should we be concerned that many parents have been unable to talk to their children about their own health? Should we help parents acknowledge that their children may need some outside help to cope?
African Studies and the Afrocentric Paradigm: A Critique.

The study of African peoples from an Africa-centered prism has been referred to as Afrocentricity. This paradigm of studying Africa which has its theoretical foundation in the works of contemporary scholars in the United States is, to be sure, not an entirely new perspective in African intellectual thought. Africa-centered historiography, in fact, dates back to the closing years of colonial rule in Africa. In the early 1960s this approach found increased expression in the works of African scholars, who consciously grounded their researcher in African methodology.' However, the development of the Africa-centered approach as a theory and philosophy is a product of the 1980s and of diasporian African writings. The theoretical conceptualization of an Africa-centered approach is the handiwork of Afrocentric scholars such as Molefi Kete Asante, Tsheloane Keto, Mualana Karenga, and a host of others based in the United States. The aim of this article is to attempt a critique of Afrocentric thought as seen in the works of Asante and Keto, two of its leading exponents.2
Rescuing the Fourteenth Amendment Privileges or Immunities Clause: How 'Attrition of Parliamentary Processes' Begat Accidental Ambiguity; How Ambiguity Begat Slaughter-House

This essay addresses a topic of great academic and practical interest currently facing the Supreme Court: whether the Fourteenth Amendment Privileges or Immunities Clause, which has lain dormant since the Court's erroneous 1873 SlaughterHouse Cases decision, should be resurrected in order to apply the Second Amendment to the States. The essay makes the unique argument that the textual basis for the Slaughter House Court's holding regarding the clause - i.e., the lack of parallel textual construction in the Section One's first two sentences regarding citizenship - was in fact the wholly unintentional product of what we might call "attrition of parliamentary processes". This analysis is not new to the Supreme Court. Borrowed from an oral argument made before the U.S. Supreme Court in 1882 by Roscoe Conkling (a member in 1866 of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction), the analysis played a vital role in leading the Court to its 1898 conclusion that the word "person" in Section One's Due Process Clause should be read to include artificial persons, including corporations - an interpretation substantially broader than that given previously by the SlaughterHouse majority. Just as the Court in the last decades of the nineteenth century corrected the Court’s too-narrow interpretation of Section One "personhood", so it should now - finally - begin to correct its earlier misreading of the distinction in Section One between U.S. and state citizenship in order to restore the privileges or immunities clause to its full intended effect of applying the Bill of Rights (and more) to the States.