cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Real-Space Density-Matrix Description of Dynamic Correlations in the Optical Response of Many-Electron Systems

A real-space formulation of the Quantum Bogolyubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon (QBBGKY)-hierarchy is worked out in a form particularly suitable for applications to the optical response of many-electron systems. Comparison is made to Coupled-Cluster approaches. A new hierarchy of contraction-free correlation functions is presented, that overcomes the problem of violated trace relation inherent in the truncated QBBGKY-hierarchy.
Osborn wave in hypothermia from Vibrio vunificus sepsis unrelated to exposure.

Abstract A 58 year old man with history of cirrhosis presented with Vibrio vunificus sepsis. The patient developed multiorgan failure despite appropriate antibiotic therapy and fluid resuscitation. The patient developed moderate hypothermia. Electrocardiography showed Osborn wave. Osborn wave is commonly seen in accidental hypothermia. Although sepsis is known to cause hypothermia, Osborn wave in sepsis is not widely appreciated.
Government Budget Reforms: Agenda for the 1980s

A previous article (Vol. 1, No. 2, Spring 1980) examined the progress and problems of budgetary innovation in the postwar era. Through a succession of reforms, budgeting maintained its coherence and continuity, It is likely, however, that future innovations will take a different path, one less certain of its success and more a product of fiscal stress than of government affluence. This article considers the reform issues likely to emerge in the coming years.
The expanding universe of thiolated gold nanoclusters and beyond

Thiolated gold nanoclusters form a universe of their own. Researchers in this field are constantly pushing the boundary of this universe by identifying new compositions and in a few “lucky” cases, solving their structures. Such solved structures, even if there are only few, provide important hints for predicting the many identified compositions that are yet to be crystallized or structure determined. Structure prediction is the most pressing issue for a computational chemist in this field. The success of the density functional theory method in gauging the energetic ordering of isomers for thiolated gold clusters has been truly remarkable, but to predict the most stable structure for a given composition remains a great challenge. In this feature article from a computational chemist's point of view, the author shows how one understands and predicts structures for thiolated gold nanoclusters based on his old and new results. To further entertain the reader, the author also offers several “imaginative” structures, claims, and challenges for this field.
HYPNOSIS AS AN ADJUNCT TO TEST PERFORMANCE.

(1964). Hypnosis as an Adjunct to Test Performance. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis: Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 271-273.
Shelling out for genomics

A report on the symposium 'Genomic and Proteomic Approaches to Crustacean Biology' held as part of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology 2006 Annual Meeting, Orlando, USA, 4-8 January 2006.
Unique induction of p21 WAF1/CIP1 expression by vinorelbine in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells

To study the mechanisms of the development of hormone refractory prostate cancer, we established an androgen-independent (AI) prostate cancer cell line derived from hormone-dependent (AD) LNCaP cells. Our previous studies have demonstrated that AI cells are deficient in expression of p21(WAFl/CIP1) (p21) due to overexpressed AR and are resistant to apoptosis. In this study, the induction of p53 and p21 expression by vinorelbine (Navelbine) was compared between AD and AI cells in an attempt to understand the difference(s) in apoptotic signalling pathways in these cells. Using a series of deletion of p21 reporter constructs, we found that vinorelbine mediated p21 induction in a p53-dependent manner in AD cells. In contrast, p21 expression restored by vinorelbine in AI cells was found to be through both p53-dependent and-independent pathways. In the absence of two p53 binding sites, Spl-3 and Spl-4 sites, in the promoter of human p21 gene, were found to be required for vinorelbine-mediated p21 activation. No p21 induction was observed by paclitaxel in AI cells. Exposure of AI cells to paciltaxel followed by vinorelbine produced synergism. Our data, thus, provide a basis for the synergistic combination of vinorelbine and paclitaxel for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Institutional constraints, annexation and municipal efficiency in the 1960s

A sample of cities from 43 states is used to analyze how changes in institutions influence municipal expenditures and employment. Per capita costs and municipal employment are not found to be significantly influenced by a shift from restrictive to non-restrictive annexation laws. Municipalities operating under municipal-determination annexation laws are not found to experience significantly different growth rates in costs and employment per resident from that of cities operating under annexation laws which imposed a greater number of barriers to annexation.
Effect of ionizing radiation on transgenerational appearance of p(un) reversions in mice.

Multiple genetic changes are required for the development of a malignant tumor cell and many environmentally induced cancers show a delayed onset of > 20 years following exposure. In fact, the frequency of genetic changes in cancer cells is higher than can be explained by random mutation. A high level of genetic instability in a subpopulation of cells may be caused by a mutator phenotype transmitted through many cell divisions. We have determined the effects of irradiation of parental male mice on the frequency and characteristics of mitotically occurring DNA deletion events at the p un locus in the offspring. Reversion of the p un marker in mouse embryos is due to deletion of 70 kb of DNA resulting in fur spots in the offspring. We found that irradiation of male mice caused a significantly higher frequency of large spots in the offspring, indicative of the induction of DNA deletions early in embryo development. These deletion events occurred, however, many cell divisions after irradiation. The present data indicate that exposure of the germline to ionizing radiation results in induction of delayed DNA deletions in offspring mice.
Structure, photophysics, and photooxidation of crowded diethynyltetracenes

This paper describes a previously unreported class of sterically crowded tetracene derivatives that have both phenyl and ethynyl substituents. The steric crowding above and below the tetracene core prevents overlap between the extended π-systems of the acenes. Substituent effects cause these tetra-substituted tetracenes to have absorbance and fluorescence spectra red shifted from either disubstituted derivatives or rubrenes, such that they have spectra similar to diarylpentacenes, but with higher quantum yields of fluorescence and greater photostability. These new molecules also undergo cycloaddition reactions with 1O2, giving regioisomeric mixtures of endoperoxides, and in contrast to longer acenes, the ethynyl substituents show only a modest stabilizing effect to photooxidation. Ethynylated tetracenes also exhibited photochromism, with their endoperoxides undergoing cycloreversion to yield the acene starting material at room temperature in the dark.
Review of the Physics of Magnetoresistive Readers

The rapid increase in areal density storage capacity in magnetic hard disk drives over the past decade has, to a large extent, been enabled by advances in reader technologies. We will here review the underlying physics of spin valves and tunneling readers with an emphasis on the interplay between transport, magnetism, materials properties, and signal-to-noise. Finally, we will give a a brief outlook to some of the technologies currently under development for future readers.
Spatiotemporal patterns of wetland occurrence in the Prairie Pothole Region of eastern South Dakota

Abstract We evaluated changes in wetland abundance, size, and classification between average (1979–1986) and above-average (1995–1999) precipitation periods for two physiographic regions in eastern South Dakota. Temporal shifts in wetland numbers, area, and class varied by topographic location. In high wetland density areas (> 8 wetlands/100 ha), our data suggests that larger, semipermanent wetlands expanded and absorbed nearby wetland basins into their margins, resulting in a net “loss” or disappearance of temporary and seasonal wetlands in above-average water condition years. “Losses” described here are not deemed permanent as in cases of draining or filling, and wetlands may re-form when water conditions return to normal. Nevertheless, temporary disappearance of smaller more isolated wetlands may have implications for breeding waterfowl and other fauna. Percent change of semipermanent basin numbers was positively correlated with wetland density, whereas the opposite was true for seasonal wetlands. Loss...
NEUROMUSCULAR AND CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF DOXACURIUM IN CHILDERN ANAESTHETIZED WITH HALOTHANE

The neuromuscular and cardiovascular effects of doxacurium chloride (BW A938U) were evaluated in 27 children (2–12 yr) anaesthetized with 1% halothane and nitrous oxide in oxygen. In nine children the incremental technique was used to establish a cumulative dose-response curve by train-of-four stimulation. The remaining children received either 30 or 50 μg kg −1 of the drug as a single bolus. The median ED 50 and ED 95 of doxacurium in children were 19 and 32 μg kg −1 , respectively. No clinically significant change in heart rate or arterial pressure occurred. Following doxacurium 30 μg kg −1 and 50 μg kg −1 , recovery to 25% of control occurred in 25 (SEM 6) and 44 (3) min, respectively. The recovery index (25–75% of control) was 27 (2) min. The duration of action of doxacurium is similar to that of tubocurarine and dimethyl-tubocurarine in children. Compared with adults, children seem to require more doxacurium (μg kg −1 ) to achieve a comparable degree of neuromuscular depression, and they recover more rapidly.
GWINDOWS: Towards Robust Perception-Based UI

Perceptual user interfaces promise modes of fluid computer-human interaction that complement the mouse and keyboard, and have been especially motivated in non-desktop scenarios, such as kiosks or smart rooms. Such interfaces, however, have been slow to see use for a variety of reasons, including the computational burden they impose, a lack of robustness outside the laboratory, unreasonable calibration demands, and a shortage of sufficiently compelling applications. We have tackled some of these difficulties by using a fast stereo vision algorithm for recognizing hand positions and gestures. Our system uses two inexpensive video cameras to extract depth information. This depth information enhances automatic object detection and tracking robustness, and may also be used in applications. We demonstrate the algorithm in combination with speech recognition to perform several basic window management tasks, report on a user study probing the ease of using the system, and discuss the implications of such a system for future user interfaces.
Auxiliary Power Supply for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

This paper is the first paper to systemically address issues related with HEV auxiliary power supply. Requirements and problems are identified. Basic and traditional power electronics circuit solutions are summarized. New circuit structures are proposed. Circuit design example and comparison between the new circuit and traditional circuit are also shown.
Individuals control schemes for monitoring the mean and variance of processes subject to drifts

This paper investigates control chart schemes for detecting drifts in the process mean μ and/or process standard deviation σ when individual observations are sampled. Drifts may be due to causes such as gradual deterioration of equipment, catalyst aging, waste accumulation, or human causes, such as operator fatigue or close supervision. The standard Shewhart X chart and moving range (MR) chart are evaluated, as well as several types of exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) charts and combinations of charts involving these EWMA charts. We show that the combinations of the EWMA charts detect slow-rate and moderate-rate drifts much faster than the combined X and MR charts. We also show that varying the sampling interval adaptively as a function of the process data results in notable reductions in the detection delay of drifts in μ and/or σ.
The Story of Perez V. Sharp: Forgotten Lessons on Race, Law, and Marriage

This chapter was included in the Race Stories book edited by Devon W. Carbado and Rachel F. Moran in 2008. It explores the story of Perez v. Sharp, which was the first post-Reconstruction case to invalidate an antimiscegenation law. In addition to providing information about the plaintiffs in this case and the landmark decision rendered by the California Supreme Court in 1948, the chapter tries to understand the current use of Perez in litigation to secure marriage rights for same-sex couples and why the case, which relatively few people have even heard of, has been so overshadowed by Loving v. Virginia. It argues that we should be "loving" Perez perhaps as much as Loving itself.
Periodic phase-locking and phase slips in active rotator systems

A system consisting of a large number of identical active rotators can be described by an Adler equation with time-dependent frequency. A series of resonances between the period of the frequency modulation and the time scale for the generation of a phase slip is identified. The resulting parameter space structure is determined using a combination of numerical continuation, time simulations and asymptotic methods. Regions with an integer number of phase slips per period are separated by regions with noninteger numbers of phase slips, and include canard trajectories that drift along unstable equilibria. Both high and low frequency modulations of the frequency are considered. An adiabatic description of the slow modulation regime is found to be accurate over a large range of modulation periods.
The Role of Histamine in Immunoregulation in Context of T-Regulatory and Invariant NKT Cells

Histamine (HA) is one of the most versatile biogenic amines with multiple physiological functions in the central nervous system (CNS), the respiratory and the intestinal tract due to its ability to induce severe inflammatory reactions. More recently, a number of studies have established that besides its most obvious contribution in allergic reactions, HA also exerts more subtle regulatory functions influencing the orientation of the immune response, thus rekindling interest in this field of investigation. It can influence numerous functions of the cells involved in the regulation of immune responses and hematopoiesis of macrophages, dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and endothelial cells. All these cells express histamine receptors and also secrete histamine, which can selectively recruit major effector cells into tissue sites and affect their maturation, activation, polarization, and effector functions leading to chronic inflammation. Histamine regulates antigen-specific T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-helper 2 (Th2) cells, as well as related isotype specific antibody responses. Histamine acts through its receptor called as histamine receptor (H1-H4) subtypes, which positively interferes with the peripheral antigen tolerance induced by T-regulatory cells (Tregs) through several pathways. Natural killer T (NKT) cells are the heterogeneous population of innate immune T cells that have been attracted the attention of many researchers due to their potential to regulate immune responses to a variety of pathogens, tumors, autoimmune diseases etc. A majority of NKT cells in mice are invariant NKT (iNKT) cells and are considered to be immunoregulatory in nature, due to their ability to promptly produce both Th1 and Th2 cytokines rapidly upon activation. In this chapter, we have tried to focus on HA participation in NKT cell activation by functional tuning to ensure optimal cytokine production, which leads to the recruitment and activation of other immune cells involved in inflammatory responses mediated through eosinophils, mast cells, neutrophils, conventional T lymphocytes, dendritic cells etc.
Reconciling Gentrification with Social Equity

The human being is at the heart of the problems of territorial development since it is impossible to exclude the question of the inhabitants. That is why the notion of social equity appeared in urban policy. There is no universal definition of this term. Social equity encompasses a wide range of issues such as the distribution of income and wealth, housing, employment, crime, health and welfare, and access to public services. Thus, guaranteeing social equity means guaranteeing just, fair and equal conditions of life to each citizen.
Abnormal Monocyte Chemotaxis in Patients With Breast Cancer: Evidence for a Tumor-Mediated Effect

The chemotactic responsiveness of peripheral blood monocytes was measured in 194 individuals: 37 patients with breast cancer, 17 patients with a history of breast cancer but clinically free of disease after surgery, 42 patients with benign breast masses, and 98 normal controls. Monocyte chemotactic responsiveness (MCR) in vitro was not significantly different from normal [mean = 72.8 migrating monocytes/oil immersion field, +/- 9.3 (1 SD)] in 2 groups of patients: a) those with benign breast masses (mean = 72.6 +/- 15.1; P greater than 0.3) and b) those previously having breast cancer resected and remaining clinically free of disease (mean = 69.0 +/- 12.5; P greater than 0.4). However, MCR was significantly depressed in the group of patients with active breast cancer (mean = 57.2 +/- 20.7; P less than 0.0025). Resection of malignant breast masses resulted in a significant change in MCR (P less than 0.0025), whereas resection of benign lesions did not (P greater than 0.4). MCR was abnormal in all clinical stages of breast cancer, including breast cancer without evidence of metastasis to regional lymph nodes. These data supported the hypothesis that neoplasms adversely affect monocyte function and may thereby hinder immunologically mediated destruction of malignant cells.
Risk Management of Hedge Funds: Role of Funding and Redemption Options on Leverage

We develop a model of hedge fund returns, which reflect the contractual relationships between a hedge fund, its investors and its prime brokers. These relationships are modelled as short option positions held by the hedge fund, wherein the “funding option” reflects the short option position with prime brokers and the “redemption option” reflects the short option position with the investors. Given an alpha producing human capital, the hedge fund0s ability to deploy leverage is shown to be sharply constrained by the presence of these short options. We show that the hedge funds typically have an optimal level of leverage. Optimal leverage is shown to differ across hedge funds reflecting their de-levering costs, Sharpe ratios, correlation of assets, secondary market liquidity of their assets, and the volatility of the assets. Using a minimum level of unencumbered cash level as a risk limit, we show how a hedge fund can optimally allocate its risk capital across different risk-taking units to maximize alpha in the presence of these short option positions. Implications of our analysis for hedge fund investors and policy makers are summarized.
A Note on Resonance and Nonlinear Dispersive Waves

The general theory for the slow dispersion of nonlinear wave trains, first studied by Whitham, is applied to a wave train, which, in the weakly nonlinear limit, exhibits resonant singularities. Numerical and perturbation methods are used to develop singly periodic solutions both away from and near all such critical values. Similarly, the equations governing the slow modulations of such a system are found by asymptotic analysis. The expansions are found to be valid so long as the wave train is sufficiently nonlinear. These ideas should be applicable to other problems where resonant singularities arise, in particular, multiphase modes.
Fructose Metabolism and Regulation of 1-Phosphofructokinase and 6-Phosphofructokinase in Brevibacterium flavum

A 6PFK-lacking mutant of B. flavum grew on fructose but its FBPase-lacking mutant did not. The product of the PTS reaction from fructose as a substrate was not F6P but F1P. These indicate that fructose is metabolized through FI P. 1PFK and 6PFK which form FI, 6P2, an intermediate common to both glucose and fructose metabolism, were highly specific for their respective substrates, F1P and F6P. Both the reactions followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Kms of 1PFK for FIP and ATP were 0.6 and 0.18 mm, and those of 6PFK for F6P and ATP were 2.4 and 0.15 mm, respectively. Reaction mechanisms of 1PFK and 6PFK were of Ordered Bi Bi and of Ping Pong, respectively. 1PFK was inhibited by F6P and the reaction products, FI, 6P2 and ADP, with Kis of 0.9, 2.1, and 1.5 mm, respectively. 6PFK was inhibited only by ADP with a Ki of 0.45 mm, but was neither inhibited by ATP, citrate, and PEP nor activated by AMP and F2, 6P2. The inhibition of 1PFK by F6P and F1, 6P2 was competitive to F1P and of mixed type to ATP and that by ...
Twibel: A matter of Internet privacy

ABSTRACTSocial media websites have become a powerful communication tool, where an individual can communicate with one person or millions of people at once. As a consequence, individuals are utilizing social media to report newsworthy events, as well as to post opinions, which may include posting negative information about another person or entity that can be harmful to such person’s or entity’s reputation (i.e., defamation), a phenomenon that is new to the legal system. This article reviews the legal precedent in the United States that addresses the legal impact of a defamatory statement sent through a social media website such as Twitter. Although the law in the United States is evolving, precedent indicates that the website’s nature is generally less important than the nature of the communication. However, the law is not settled for cases in which a private tweet is released into the public domain unintentionally or by an accidental cause, such as a software defect.
A Computational and Experimental Study of the Heat Transfer Properties of Nine Different Ionic Liquids

New experimental thermal conductivity, density, viscosity, glass transition temperature, and heat capacity values were measured for nine ionic liquids (ILs): [emim][TFA], [emim][OTf], [emim][DEP], [emim][MeSO3], [emim][SCN], [hmim][Tf2N], [bDMApy][Tf2N], [hDMApy][Tf2N], and [hmDMApy][Tf2N]. Classical molecular mechanics force fields were developed and used to calculate thermodynamic and transport properties for these ILs using molecular dynamics. Two versions of each force field were developed: one with integer charges of ± 1 and one with all charges scaled by 0.8. The force fields with total charges of ± 0.8 generally gave better agreement with experimental results. Very good agreement was obtained for density and heat capacity. Simulated values for thermal conductivity slightly overpredicted experimental results but captured trends between different ILs very well. Experimental Prandtl numbers were determined as a function of temperature and can exceed 10 000 at low temperature. Prandtl numbers on the or...
L'aumento del segnale di colina coincide con la trasformazione maligna dei gliomi cerebrali: Studio longitidinale con imaging di spettroscopia protonica in risonanza magnetica:

We tested the hypothesis that proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H-MRSI) can be used as a supportive diagnostic tool to differentiate clinically stable brain tumors from those progressing as a result of either low-to-high grade malignant transformation or of post-therapeutic recurrence.Twenty-seven patients with histologically verified cerebral gliomas were studied repeatedly with 1H-MRSI over a period of 3.5 years. At the time of each 1H-MRSI study, clinical examination, MRI, positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), and biopsy findings (when available) were used to categorize each patient as being either «stable» or «progressive». Measures of the between-studies percent changes in the choline 1H-MRSI signal intensity, obtained without knowledge of the clinical categorization, segregated the groups with a high degree of statistical significance.All progressive cases showed a between-studies choline signal increase of more than 45%, while all stable cases showed ...
142 THE IMPACT OF PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS ON ACCESS TO CARE IN ADULT MINORITY SURVIVORS OF CHILDHOOD CANCER: A CHILDHOOD CANCER SURVIVOR STUDY.

Introduction This analysis examined the influence of ethnicity on health care access received and planned for the future and the effect of ethnicity on health concerns in adult minority childhood cancer survivors. Methods Cross-sectional data from 77 black, 118 Hispanic, 40 Asian, and 718 non-Hispanic white (NHW) adult childhood cancer survivors. Four self-reported measures defined health care access: general contact with the health care system in the past 2 years, cancer related follow-up (CRFU) care in the past 2 years, planning a CRFU in next 2 years, and ever had a CRFU. Health locus of control variables: concern about future health, worry about cancer recurrence, and perceived parental or spousal concern about survivor9s health. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated (NHW = referent). Results Mean age of survivors at time of interview = 31 years (range 18-51). Asians (18%) were less likely to report ever having had a CRFU ( p Conclusions Different etiologies including internal factors, such as concern for recurrence of malignancy, as well as external factors, such as parental or spousal concern about the survivor9s health, may explain the varied patterns in access to cancer-related follow-up care in minority survivors of childhood cancer.
The effects of aging on the perception of depth from motion parallax

Successful navigation in the world requires effective visuospatial processing. Unfortunately, older adults have many visuospatial deficits, which can have severe real-world consequences. Although some of these age effects are well documented, some others, such as the perception of depth from motion parallax, are poorly understood. Depth perception from motion parallax requires intact retinal image motion and pursuit eye movement processing. Decades of research have shown that both motion processing and pursuit eye movements are affected by age; it follows that older adults may also be less sensitive to depth from motion parallax. The goals of the present study were to characterize motion parallax depth thresholds in older adults, and to explain older adults' sensitivity to depth from motion parallax in terms of motion and pursuit deficits. Younger and older adults' motion thresholds and pursuit accuracy were measured. Observers' depth thresholds across several different stimulus conditions were measured, as well. Older adults had higher motion thresholds and less accurate pursuit than younger adults. They were also less sensitive to depth from motion parallax at slow and moderate pursuit speeds. Although older adults had higher motion thresholds than younger adults, they used the available motion signals optimally, and age differences in motion processing could not account for the older adults' increased depth thresholds. Rather, these age effects can be explained by changes in older adults' pursuit signals.
Family impact analysis: its promise for social welfare.

The use of family impact analysis has been proposed as a framework for examining the impact of social policies on families. This article describes a model for family impact study, demonstrates its ...
Seizing Center Stage: Ecosystem Services, Live, at the Convention on Biological Diversity!

Over the past decade, the concept of ecosystem services has become a central guiding framework for environmental conservation. Techniques of valuation, payments to protect ecosystem services, and e...
Reflections on Grant Writing From a Vocational Psychologist

The author provides a reaction to articles in the major contribution on grant writing for counseling psychologists by Martens et al. and Burrow-Sanchez, Martin, and Imel. The author focuses her comments on three areas: reactions to the articles, her own grant-writing experiences, and additional recommendations.
POMDPs for Assisting Homeless Shelters – Computational and Deployment Challenges

This paper looks at challenges faced during the ongoing deployment of HEALER, a POMDP based software agent that recommends sequential intervention plans for use by homeless shelters, who organize these interventions to raise awareness about HIV among homeless youth. HEALER’s sequential plans (built using knowledge of social networks of homeless youth) choose intervention participants strategically to maximize influence spread, while reasoning about uncertainties in the network. In order to compute its plans, HEALER (i) casts this influence maximization problem as a POMDP and solves it using a novel planner which scales up to previously unsolvable real-world sizes; (ii) and constructs social networks of homeless youth at low cost, using a Facebook application. HEALER is currently being deployed in the real world in collaboration with a homeless shelter. Initial feedback from the shelter officials has been positive but they were surprised by the solutions generated by HEALER as these solutions are very counter-intuitive. Therefore, there is a need to justify HEALER’s solutions in a way that mirrors the officials’ intuition. In this paper, we report on progress made towards HEALER’s deployment and detail first steps taken to tackle the issue of explaining HEALER’s solutions.
Drug and alcohol use and its relationship to self-rated health: An ecological examination among Latino and non-Hispanic White adolescents

Abstract This cross-sectional study tested an ecological framework to understand factors associated with drug and alcohol use and global health assessments among Latino and non-Hispanic White adolescents ages 12–17 ( N = 14,176). Our investigation is one of the few empirical studies that have investigated whether there is a direct association between drug and alcohol use and global health assessments among adolescents. Using data from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, results of the path analysis model suggest that the frequency of moves, religious beliefs, deviant peer influences, and school grades were significantly associated with drug and alcohol use. Results also indicate that drug and alcohol use was the strongest predictor of self-rated health among both groups. While promising, our model was more robust in predicting drug and alcohol use and self-rated health among non-Hispanic White adolescents. Thus, an ecological framework may not fully explain which factors significantly predict drug and alcohol use or global health among Latino adolescents. More research is needed that better explains which predictors are associated with health-risk behaviors among Latino youths. Such research may potentially close the burden of a health disparity gap for Latinos at this stage and later stages of life.
Using Online Gaming as a Teacher Test Prep Model for Mathematics

In 2015, North Carolina's Division of Teacher Licensure instituted a new licensure examination modeled after the MTel for all elementary education majors. With the new examination came a new minimum passing score of 227. The importance of having a thorough understanding of the mathematics content is expected, yet teacher preparation programs struggle to help elementary pre-service teacher candidates who enter undergraduate programs without the solid mathematics foundations needed to be successful in passing the North Carolina General Curriculum Mathematics Licensure test. With this problem serving as the backdrop, the purpose of this quantitative study was to examine if utilizing Lost Functions, an online gaming program developed by ATLT Gaming 2010, could serve as an innovative methodology to prepare teacher education candidates for the General Curriculum Mathematics Licensure test in elementary mathematics, possibly resulting in improved performance outcomes.
Surgeon Attitudes and Use of MRI in Patients Newly Diagnosed With Breast Cancer

Usage of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients is increasing, despite scant evidence that it improves outcomes. Little is known about the knowledge, perspectives, and clinical characteristics of surgeons associated with MRI use. Women with early-stage breast cancer undergoing definitive surgery between July 2013 and August 2015 were identified from the Los Angeles and Georgia Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registries and were asked to name their attending surgeons. The 489 surgeons were sent a questionnaire; 77% (n = 377) responded. Questions that addressed the likelihood of ordering an MRI in different scenarios were used to create a scale to measure surgeon propensity for MRI use. Knowledge and practice characteristics also were assessed. Mean surgeon age was 54 years, 25% were female, and median number of years in practice was 21. Wide MRI use variation was observed, with 26% obtaining MRI for a clinical stage I screen-detected breast cancer and 72% for infiltrating lobular cancer. High users of MRI were significantly more likely to be higher-volume surgeons (p < 0.001) and to have misconceptions about MRI benefits (p < 0.001). Of surgeons who felt they used MRI more often, 60% were high MRI users; only 6% were low MRI users. Our findings suggest relatively frequent use of MRI, even in uncomplicated clinical scenarios, in the absence of evidence of benefit, and use was more common among high-volume surgeons. A substantial number of surgeons who are high MRI users harbor misconceptions about MRI benefit, suggesting an opportunity for education and consensus building regarding appropriate use.
First Report of Myrothecium Leaf Spot Caused by Myrothecium roridum on Pepper in the United States

In September, 2015, an outbreak of leaf spot on pepper (Capsicum annuum) on variety cv. 9325 under conventional production (Pernezny et al. 2003) was reported from the Colquitt County, Georgia (approximately 5% of a 0.5 ha field was symptomatic). Infected foliage displayed round to oblong, dark brown lesions with distinct concentric rings (8-10 mm in diameter). Discoloration of the stem was also observed. Ten symptomatic leaves were collected and a section of each symptomatic leaf tissue was placed onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) media amended with 35 mg/L streptomycin. After incubation at 25o C for four days, floccose buff colonies with black-colored sporodochia in concentric rings were observed, similar to the genus Myrothecium (Seebold et al. 2005) were observed. Smooth, hyaline, and narrowly ellipsoid conidia (dimension: 7.5-8.8µm×2.1-2.7µm) with rounded ends were observed through light/compound microscope. To confirm the iIdentity of isolated pathogen was confirmed after DNA extraction and amplificat...
Identification of a peptide-peptide binding motif in the coating of nab-paclitaxel nanoparticles with clinical antibodies: bevacizumab, rituximab, and trastuzumab

Antibody directed chemotherapy (ADC) takes advantage of the selectivity of the monoclonal antibody to increase the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agent, while reducing toxicity. Previously we described three nab-paclitaxel (Abraxane) nanoparticles coated with commercial monoclonal antibodies. Identifying the binding sites responsible for these particles could allow reverse engineering of nab-paclitaxel binding antibodies, creating a modular platform for antibody directed chemotherapeutic nanoparticles. Herein, Biacore surface plasmon resonance is used to identify an antibody binding site, HSA Peptide 40, on human serum albumin with nanomolar affinity for all three monoclonal antibodies. This 18-mer peptide, which lies in Subdomain IIIA of human serum albumin, blocks binding of all three antibodies to nab-paclitaxel when added in excess. We furthermore show the complementary binding region on all three monoclonal antibodies to be the CDR H3 loop of the Fab region, and show that they all have nano to micromolar affinity for HSA Peptide 40 and nab-paclitaxel nanoparticles. The presented data identify the nature of the critical protein-protein interaction that enables antibody coating of nab-paclitaxel.
Atmospheric Water and Precipitation

Precipitation provides the main driving force for surface hydrologic processes and has a large influence on both the natural environment and humanity. The wide range of processes that are involved in the formation of precipitation, from initial evaporation from the surface to final formation of rain and snow in clouds, leads to a high degree of variability and structure over a large range of spatial and temporal scales. To capture this variability in its entirety, a number of different measurement techniques are required, including rain-gauges, ground-based radar, and satellite remote sensing. Similarly, to construct hydrologic or meteorological models that incorporate precipitation, requires the careful consideration of space–time scales, including the degree of variability at each scale and the effects of processes or structures at scales below the model's resolution. Scale-invariant statistical models provide an effective approach to many of these questions of the space–time structure of precipitation.
A 14 Gb/s Directly Modulated Hybrid Microring Laser Transmitter

The first demonstration of a hybrid-integrated directly modulated microring laser transmitter operating up to 14 Gb/s operation is reported. A CMOS driver with an asymmetric 2-tap feed-forward compensates for the microring laser non-linear dynamics.
Contaminación de agua en países de bajos y medianos recursos es un problema de salud pública global

El agua es un elemento esencial para la vida de todos los seres vivientes del planeta, ademas es un derecho humano fundamental (1). El 97.2% del agua en el planeta Tierra es salina y solo el 2.5% corresponde a agua fresca; de ese 2.5%, 30% es subterranea, 68% esta en los glaciares y otras capas de nieve y solo el 1.2% es superficial y se encuentra en rios, lagos y otras formas de agua de superficie (2). El agua potable esta amenazada por la continua contaminacion que genera la actividad humana y por la disminucion de los recursos hidricos como consecuencia del calentamiento global (3). Segun la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud, desde el ano 2015 solo el 89% de la poblacion mundial tiene acceso a agua apta para consumo y se anticipa que este porcentaje continuara disminuyendo (4), aunque se estima que la situacion ya es critica para 260 millones de personas que carecen de agua apta para el consumo (5).
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Financial Stress in Survivors of Critical Illness.

Objectives:Little is known about the experience of financial stress for patients who survive critical illness or their families. Our objective was to describe the prevalence of financial stress among critically ill patients and their families, identify clinical and demographic characteristics associ
Commodified Attention, Commodified Speech, and the Rejection of Expertise*

In this paper I aim to consider some aspects of the system of communications within which expertise may be created and accepted … or rejected. For speech to be recognized as an expression of expert...
The Pattern of Convergence of Eastern German Labor Markets to Western Standards Post-Unification

In this paper, I analyze the patterns of convergence of the eastern German labor markets to western standards following German unification. Soon after unification, the eastern states adopted the Deutschmark to avoid westward migration. Along with large transfers from the western states, the introduction of the Deutschmark caused real eastern wages to increase dramatically relative to increases in productivity. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, this research analyzes inequality in education, unemployment, and wages between 1992 and 2003 for eastern and western Germans. I find an overall convergence of eastern levels to western standards in each of these areas. Despite the rises in equality between the eastern and western states, eastern levels remain far below western levels in 2003. This article is available in Undergraduate Economic Review: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/uer/vol2/iss1/6 The Pattern of Convergence of Eastern German Labor Markets to Western Standards Post-Unification†
Formal and Analytic Deformations of the Witt Algebra

For infinite dimensional Lie algebras G, the theory of formal deformations does not generally give decisive results about analytic deformations. In particular, if Gt is a family of Lie algebras depending holomorphically on t with G 0=G, and if (Gt) is formally equivalent to G[[t]], it does not necessarily follow that Gt is isomorphic toG for small ∣t∣. However, one may ask if Ĝt is isomorphic to Ĝ for small ∣t∣,Ĝ t and Ĝ being suitable completions of Gt and G respectively. In this Letter, this question is discussed when G=W, the Witt algebra.
Hope, Arkansas to Hope, Albania: naivete and idealism to reality and tragedy.

The wars in Croatia, Bosnia and Kosovo were perpretrated by a radical nationalist Serbian cultural political consciousness that the American cultural political consciousness and leadership had difficulty responding to and understanding. There is a great cultural divide between a 'pathology' in Serbian culture, Milosevic's radical nationalism, and a humane 'naivete' in American cultural consciousness. I discuss why, finally, American political leadership, Bill Clinton from Hope, Arkansas, responded to the tragedy of these wars. However, we are still left with the question of good vs evil: What is the course of human history; psychotic political leadership causing repetitive human tragedy or can there be a higher humane and moral order to human cultural events?
Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography predicts early subclinical cardiotoxicity associated with anthracycline-trastuzumab chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.

Combined anthracycline-trastuzumab chemotherapy has been associated with LV dysfunction. We aimed to assess early changes in left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) mechanics associated with combined anthracycline-trastuzumab treatment for breast cancer. As well as explore whether early changes in 2-dimensional (2D)–speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) could predict later chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Sixty-six patients with breast cancer who received anthracycline-trastuzumab treatment were included (mean [±SD] age, 52 [9] years). Echocardiograms were available for analysis with 2D-STE at the following time points: pretreatment (T0), first cycle (T1), and second cycle (T2) of combined chemotherapy. All patients had a normal pretreatment LV ejection fraction (LVEF). Cardiotoxicity was defined as a decrease in LVEF of at least 10 percentage points from baseline on follow-up echocardiography. Cardiotoxicity developed in 13 of the 66 patients (20%). The mean (±SD) LVEF at T0 was 66% (±6); at T1 60% (±7); and at T2, 54% (±6). For the 53 patients without cardiotoxicity, the LVEF was 65% (±4%) at T0, 63% (±5%) at T1, and 62% (±4) at T2. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) at T1 was the strongest indicator of subsequent cardiotoxicity (area under the curve, 0.85; cutoff value, − 14.06; sensitivity, 91%; specificity, 83%; P = .003). Compared with baseline (T0), left ventricular longitudinal strain, LV circumferential strain, circumferential peak systolic strain rate (SR), circumferential peak early diastolic SR, right ventricular longitudinal strain, and longitudinal peak systolic SR at T1 and T2 were reduced significantly in patients with cardiotoxicity (P < .05). Anthracycline-trastuzumab treatment leads to early deterioration of LV GLS, circumferential strain, and systolic SR. Right ventricular GLS and SR were also affected. Early changes in GLS are good predictors of subsequent development of anthracycline-trastuzumab–induced cardiotoxicity.
Atypical variants of posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo after canalith repositioning: a case report

Background and purpose: Unsuccessful repositioning of posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (PC-BPPV) can result in inadvertent aggregation of otoconia in atypical areas of the PC. A...
Community Coalition Kick-Off Events: Lessons Learned on the Launchpad:

Research has found that collaboration is important for family service agencies, and community coalition building is a common form of collaboration. Guided by Community Coalition Action Theory, this...
Impact of body composition on toxicity and pathological complete response in locally advanced breast cancer (BC).

593Background: Obesity, defined as body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2, has been associated with inferior outcomes in localized breast cancer (BC), including lower pathological complete response (pCR)...
Applied Cognitive Technologies to Support the Autonomy of People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Increasingly, access to technology is a necessity if one is to participate fully in all life domains. Technology is critical to enable people with and without disabilities to live autonomous, self-determined lives. This article provides a synthesis of recent information concerning technology that might promote the autonomy of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, focusing on technology emerging from the field of applied cognitive technologies. To explore these issues, we provided a synthesis of the major theoretical perspectives pertaining to autonomy and self-determination, emphasizing the notion of autonomy-as-volition, and selected exemplary research findings that illustrate how technology can promote autonomy. There is clear evidence that people with intellectual and developmental disabilities can be supported to be more autonomous across multiple domains using applied cognitive technologies. In today’s ever increasingly technical world, access to usable technology is not simply a convenience, it is a necessity. If people with IDD are to be supported to live, learn, work, and play in their communities, they need to have access to cognitively accessible technology.
Evidence-Based Medicine Improves the Emergent Management of Peritonsillar Abscesses Using Point-of-Care Ultrasound.

Abstract Background Physical examination for peritonsillar abscess (PTA) has limited sensitivity. Traditional management involves blind needle aspiration, which has a false negative rate of 10–24%. A randomized controlled trial by Costantino et al. demonstrated that point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) improves PTA management. Objectives Compare the use and impact of POCUS between patient cohorts prior to and after the trial by Costantino et al. Methods Retrospective cohort study of adult patients diagnosed with PTA. Cohort 1 presented to the emergency department (ED) January 2007–December 2008. Cohort 2 presented between January 2013 and December 2014. Data were separated into those with POCUS vs. without ultrasound (NUS). Primary endpoint was POCUS utilization. Secondary endpoints were successful aspiration, otolaryngology (ear, nose, and throat [ENT]) consultation, computed tomography (CT) imaging, unscheduled return visits, and length of stay (LOS). The Fisher's exact and t-tests analyzed data. Results Cohort 1 enrolled 48 patients, vs. 114 patients for cohort 2. Twelve patients in cohort 1 had a POCUS (25%) vs 89 in cohort 2 (78%) (p Conclusion POCUS use has increased for PTA treatment, improves aspiration, and decreases consultations, CTs, return visits, and LOS.