cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diel vertical migration of zooplankton and mesopelagic fish in the Arabian Sea

Abstract Acoustic (153 kHz ADCP and 12 kHz hull-mounted transducers) data and MOCNESS (MOC01 and MOC10) net tow samples collected in the Arabian Sea during the Spring Intermonsoon (April/May) and Southwest Monsoon (August) in 1995 documented substantial diel migrations of fish and zooplankton despite the year-round presence of an oxygen minimum ( −1 at 125–150 m). Fish and zooplankton layers were distinguished by comparing 12 kHz sonar and 153 kHz ADCP backscatter data, which indicated that the strongly migrating layers were predominantly composed of fishes. Fish vertical migration speeds were independently estimated from the slopes of the volume scattering layers and from the vertical velocity components of the ADCP, yielding average speeds of 4 and 3 cm s −1 and maximum speeds of 13 and 10 cm s −1 , respectively. A few migrating zooplankton layers were identified with an average speed of about 2 cm s −1 and maximum speeds as high as 8 cm s −1 . Migration depths for both zooplankton and fish differed somewhat amongst stations and appeared to be related to local hydrographic conditions (principally the vertical gradients in DO and water temperature). Zooplankton displacement volumes at individual sites suggested that zooplankton biomass during the Southwest Monsoon could be as much as fivefold greater than during the Spring Intermonsoon. This observation was confirmed for the region in general by first deriving a relationship between ADCP backscatter intensity and daytime zooplankton biomass and then comparing the latter between cruises using daytime ADCP data taken along a 1500 km transect that extended from the coast of Somalia to the center of the northern basin.
Pure and doped vanadium sesquioxide: A brief experimental review

Vanadium sesquioxide (V{sub 2}O{sub 3}) undergoes a number of phase transitions as a function of temperature and doping. These phase transformations have been studied extensively using numerous experimental techniques. In this article, the author attempts to briefly review the experimental data on the pure and doped V{sub 2}O{sub 3} system.
Radiologic-pathologic correlation in acute appendicitis: can we use it as a quality measure to assess interpretive accuracy of radiologists?

Abstract Radiologic–pathologic correlation was evaluated as a quality assurance tool by documenting error rates of 18 radiologists interpreting computed tomographic (CT) scans for acute appendicitis in 763 patients. The departmental error rate was 3.1%. Meaningful individual error rates could be determined in only the seven radiologists who interpreted ≥30 CT scans for acute appendicitis. Radiologic–pathologic correlation is an effective departmental monitor of interpretive accuracy, but individual accuracy can be assessed only for radiologists reading a large number of cases with pathologic proof.
0011 Encouraging safe physical activity: a community approach

Statement of purpose Pennsylvania has funded five Safe and Healthy Communities whose purpose is to increase the quality, availability, and effectiveness of educational and community-based programs designed to prevent disease and improve health and quality of life. York City has utilised funding to partner with city government and planners to implement policy and environmental changes that can prevent injury and increase physical activity for city residents. Methods/Approach Established a partnership with the Mayor’s office, city planners, and other community organisations to focus on policy, environmental, and system changes that would provide safe physical activity options for all residents. Results In August 2012, a Complete Streets policy was signed by the Mayor and a transportation taskforce was formed to identify projects that would improve city infrastructure to promote physical activity. Bike lanes and shared lane markings were installed, crosswalks have been enhanced to increase visibility, and bike racks have been installed throughout the city. A recent survey showed that 83% of residents found the environmental changes beneficial to their community. Conclusions Through collaborative efforts and enhanced partnerships, York City has successfully increased the opportunities for safe physical activity. Utilisation of the Complete Streets policy has led to city planners looking into undeveloped sections of the city and incorporating walkable/bikeable elements into future design plans and the transportation taskforce now has 19 community organisations actively involved. Significance and contribution to the field By incorporating physical activity into city transportation planning, residents are provided greater accessibility to safe modes of active transportation and physical activity. Increased safe physical activity will improve the overall health of a community and reduce costs to society.
A practical algorithm for diagnosing control loop problems

Abstract This paper describes an algorithm for detecting and diagnosing poor performance in feedback control loops. The performance of the control loop is assessed based on criteria derived from parameters that can be estimated from superficial knowledge of the controlled process. The algorithm can distinguish between three types of control problems: oscillatory response, sluggish response, and plant failure. The method is particularly applicable to heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems where linear (PI) control law is normally used despite the existence of often quite non-linear operating characteristics. In these systems, the control performance varies as the plant is exercised across its operating range. In practice, periodical re-tuning of HVAC control loops during the yearly load cycle may be necessary in order to obtain consistent control performance. The algorithm presented in this paper can act as the basis for determining when re-tuning is necessary in addition to detecting plant failure. Potential advantages of detecting control problems in HVAC systems are energy savings, reduced maintenance costs, and improved thermal comfort conditions. The paper describes the techniques comprising the algorithm and presents results from tests carried out on a simulated air-handling unit (AHU).
Weak parallelogram laws on banach spaces and applications to prediction

This paper concerns a family of weak parallelogram laws for Banach spaces. It is shown that the familiar Lebesgue spaces satisfy a range of these inequalities. Connections are made to basic geometric ideas, such as smoothness, convexity, and Pythagorean-type theorems. The results are applied to the linear prediction of random processes spanning a Banach space. In particular, the weak parallelogram laws furnish coefficient growth estimates, Baxter-type inequalities, and criteria for regularity.
Hormonal control of reproduction—I. Initiation of oöcyte development in the isolated abdomen of Leucophaea maderae

Abstract Abdomens of female Leucophaea maderae have been isolated and maintained in a viable condition for several months. When acetate-1-C 14 was injected into isolates about one-half of the label was recovered as C 14 O 2 within 12 hr. Glucose-U-C 14 was oxidized much more slowly and nearly 70 per cent of the label was still retained after 5 days. Leucine-U-C 14 was readily incorporated into the protein of the fat body, blood, and immature ovaries. Isolation effectively terminated the development of the ovaries, but when active corpora allata were implanted there was an increase of 10 to 34 per cent in the size of the terminal oocyte. The data suggest that only the corpora allata are necessary for the initiation of ovarian development, but other factors such as hormone titre and nutritional state may influence the rate at which development takes place.
Bioenergetic responses of Chesapeake Bay white perch (Morone americana) to nursery conditions of temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity

Changes in the physical and chemical structure of estuaries control the aerobic scope for activity of coastal fishes and thereby influence the quality and extent of nursery habitats. We evaluated the effects of temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity on the ecophysiology of a species that completes its life cycle in estuaries: white perch (Morone americana), which were reared at treatment levels that emulated nursery conditions in the Chesapeake Bay. Salinity influenced only consumption rate and energy density, which were diminished at the highest salinity level (16). In hypoxic environments (≤40% saturation), routine metabolic rates increased as much as fourfold while growth rate decreased threefold and consumption rate decreased twofold. Experimental growth rates were within the range of growth rates observed in the field. Results indicate that hypoxia substantially reduces potential nursery production for a dominant estuarine species, through its influence on diminished aerobic capacity for growth and activity.
Electrical concepts at extremely high frequencies

Some of the characteristics of electricity when the frequency of alternation reaches the range of billions of cycles per second are discussed in relation to the physical pictures of basic electrical concepts, such as current flow along conductors, in tubes, and in circuits which are being evolved by engineers in the high-frequency field. As applied to high-frequency phenomena, some of these concepts now are being modified or broadened in order that more accurate pictures may be obtained.
An evaluation of a system that recommends microarray experiments to perform to discover gene-regulation pathways

The main topic of this paper is modeling the expected value of experimentation (EVE) for discovering causal pathways in gene expression data. By experimentation we mean both interventions (e.g., a gene knockout experiment) and observations (e.g., passively observing the expression level of a ''wild-type'' gene). We introduce a system called GEEVE (causal discovery in Gene Expression data using Expected Value of Experimentation), which implements expected value of experimentation in discovering causal pathways using gene expression data. GEEVE provides the following assistance, which is intended to help biologists in their quest to discover gene-regulation pathways:*Recommending which experiments to perform (with a focus on ''knockout'' experiments) using an expected value of experimentation method. *Recommending the number of measurements (observational and experimental) to include in the experimental design, again using an EVE method. *Providing a Bayesian analysis that combines prior knowledge with the results of recent microarray experimental results to derive posterior probabilities of gene regulation relationships. In recommending which experiments to perform (and how many times to repeat them) the EVE approach considers the biologist's preferences for which genes to focus the discovery process. Also, since exact EVE calculations are exponential in time, GEEVE incorporates approximation methods. GEEVE is able to combine data from knockout experiments with data from wild-type experiments to suggest additional experiments to perform and then to analyze the results of those microarray experimental results. It models the possibility that unmeasured (latent) variables may be responsible for some of the statistical associations among the expression levels of the genes under study. To evaluate the GEEVE system, we used a gene expression simulator to generate data from specified models of gene regulation. The results show that the GEEVE system gives better results than two recently published approaches (1) in learning the generating models of gene regulation and (2) in recommending experiments to perform.
Ovulation and pregnancy outcomes in response to human chorionic gonadotropin before resynchronized ovulation in dairy cattle.

We first determined a dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) sufficient to induce ovulation in lactating Holstein cows. Ovaries of 85 previously inseminated cows were mapped using transrectal ultrasonography 7 d before pregnancy diagnosis and assigned randomly to treatments of saline, 100 microg gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), or 500, 1000, 2000, or 3000 IU hCG. Appearance of new corpus luteum (CL) in response to > or = 1000 IU hCG was similar to that for GnRH but greater (P or = 1 ng/mL, GnRH or hCG was more (P=0.01) effective than saline, and hCG also differed from GnRH. Holstein cows of unknown pregnancy status in three herds were treated with either GnRH, hCG, or as controls to initiate an ovulation-resynchronization procedure 7 d before pregnancy diagnosis. In 1109 treated pregnant cows, pregnancy loss during 4 wk after treatment tended (P=0.06) to be greater in those treated with hCG. Treated cows (n=1343) diagnosed not pregnant were then given prostaglandin F(2alpha) and inseminated and received GnRH 72h later. A treatment by herd interaction (P=0.06) resulted in more pregnancies after GnRH in two herds and after hCG in one herd compared with saline. We concluded that (1) > or = 1000 IU hCG resulted in more CL than did treatment with saline, and the incidence of new CL after either GnRH or hCG depended on pretreatment progesterone status; (2) hCG tended to increase pregnancy loss in pregnant cows; and (3) pregnancies per artificial insemination after initiating resynchronization with either hCG or GnRH produced ambiguous results.
Administration of testosterone fails to attenuate axotomy-induced motoneuron loss but results in castration-like effect in young male rats.

It was shown previously that the severity of motoneuron loss induced by nerve transection in rats 3 or 6 weeks of age was correlated inversely with the level of testosterone in circulation [Yu, W.H.A., Exp. Neurol. 102: 230-235, 1988], and that administration of testosterone to female rats attenuated axotomy-induced neuronal cell loss in a dose-dependent manner [Yu, W.H.A., J. Neurosci. 9: 3908-3914, 1989]. The present study was undertaken to examine whether elevation of the level of plasma testosterone in gonadally intact male rats by exogenous testosterone would likewise reduce neuronal cell loss. Following unilateral transection of the hypoglossal and facial nerve at 3 or 6 weeks after birth, rats received subcutaneous injections of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg testosterone propionate (TP) dissolved in 0.1 ml sesame oil or an equal volume of vehicle alone twice weekly for the first 4 postaxotomy weeks, and once weekly thereafter for additional 6 weeks. Results indicated that males axotomized at 3 weeks of age and treated with 1.0 or 2.0 mg TP had nearly twofold greater neuronal cell loss than oil-treated controls. The resultant cell loss was similar to that of castrated males or females without TP treatment despite the fact that TP treatment significantly elevated the plasma testosterone level. Neuronal cell loss in males axotomized at 6 weeks of age, however, was unaffected by TP treatment. Although testicular atrophy was noted in all TP-treated rats, the damage appeared to be greater in the testis of the 3-week-old than that of 6-week-old rats, as manifested by the castration-like effect of neuronal cell loss in prepubertal rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Method to Assess the Accuracy of Sonotubometry for Detecting Eustachian Tube Openings

Sonotubometry is a simple test for Eustachian tube (ET) opening during a maneuver. Different sonotubometry configurations were suggested to maximize test accuracy, but no method has been described for comparing sonotubometry test results with those for a definitive measure of ET opening. Here, we present such a method and exemplify is use by an accuracy assessment of a simple sonotubometry configuration. A total of 502 data-sequences from 168 test sessions in 103 adult subjects were analyzed. For each session, subjects were seated in a pressure chamber and relative middle ear over- and under-pressures created by changing chamber pressure. At each pressure, the test sequence of bilateral tympanometry, bilateral sonotubometry while the subject swallowed twice, and bilateral tympanometry was done. Tympanometric data were expressed as the fractional gradient equilibrated (FGE) by swallowing and sonotubometric signals were analyzed to record the shape of detected sound signals. Tympanometric and sonotubometric tubal opening assignments were analyzed by cross-correlation. For the data sequences with FGE = 0 (n = 32) evidencing no tubal opening and one (n = 249) evidencing definitive tubal opening, detection of a sonotubometry sound signal during a swallow had a sensitivity and specificity of 74.2 and 65.6 % for identifying ET openings and an accuracy of 73.3 % for assigning ET opening/non-opening by swallowing. Measures of sound signal shape were significantly different between those groups. This protocol allows a sonotubometry accuracy assessment for detecting ET openings. For the test configuration used, accuracy was moderate, but this should improve as more sophisticated sonotubometry test configurations are evaluated.
Studies on the embryogenesis of Aulocara elliotti (Thomas) (Orthoptera, Acrididae). II. Developmental variability and the effects of maternal age and environment.

The stages of diapause embryos of A. elliotti reared in the laboratory were described, and the lengths of embryos of stage 19 were compared with a second group of diapause embryos of advanced ages. Collections of diapause embryos of the same species were made from wild populations during the autumn and winter of two consecutive years. The stages of embryos present in these samples were found to vary widely. The mean lengths of embryos in stage 19 from different populations were compared and found to differ with statistical significance. The numbers of retarded embryos in different populations were found to vary significantly between populations of diapause embryos. In two populations, mean lengths of embryos of stage 19 were found to differ from one year to the next. Post-diapause embryos were collected from wild populations in the spring of two consecutive years and their stages described. No significant difference was found in the incidence of retardation in post-diapause samples. Results of these studies and those of other authors indicate that there may be wide developmental variation between populations of acridid embryos as well as in one population in two different years. Rearing adult A. elliotti in varying numbers under two different environmental conditions was found to produce significant effects upon the rate of development and variability of their embryonic progeny. Embryos laid by young females were found to be more variable, in general, and to develop more slowly than those laid by older females.
Synthesis of Single Crystalline Tin Nanorods and Their Application as Nanosoldering Materials

Nanosoldering is a promising technique for nanoscale joining and interconnect formation for many newly emerging nanobuilding blocks and nanofabrication processes. In this study, single crystalline tin nanorods are synthesized by a simple, one-pot chemical reduction method assisted by sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant. The effect of surfactant concentration on the shape variation of tin nanostructures is investigated. The microstructure and the melting behavior of the tin nanorods are characterized. Interconnects of the tin nanorods, either in the form of randomly dispersed networks or dielectrophoretically assembled structures are formed on interdigitated gold electrodes. The I−V electrical properties showed that the contact resistance between nanorods can be significantly lowered by the soldering process. The results show that the tin nanorods are a promising candidate for nanoscale soldering applications.
Optimization of glass microelectrode properties by response surface methodology

Glass microelectrodes filled with electrolyte solutions are standard tools for electrophysiological studies. However, for any given application, there are limitations to the properties of the microelectrode, such as impedance and shank length, that can yield satisfactory results. The trial and error approach in pulling electrodes with the desired properties can be time consuming. The use of a response surface procedure which allows the experimenter to change more than one factor at a time and therefore determine the desired puller condition more efficiently is demonstrated. Also, design improvements for the World Precision Instrument, Model PUL-1, Microelectrode puller, used in this study are suggested.
A 22-Year-Old Woman With Bronchiectasis and a Mediastinal Mass

A 22-year-old woman presented to the ED following several days of worsening shortness of breath and chest tightness associated with tachypnea and palpitations. Her past medical history was significant for several months of nausea and vomiting, crampy abdominal pain, intermittent loose stool, and weight loss. Severe gastritis and pyloric ulcers were discovered during an upper endoscopy approximately 1 month prior; she was treated with a proton pump inhibitor and sucralfate. She had previously been healthy and did not have a history of alcohol consumption, smoking, or intake of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Her initial chest radiograph and chest CT scan are shown in Figures 1 and ​and2.2. She denied frequent respiratory illness as a child. Figure 1. Posteroanterior chest radiograph demonstrates upper lobe predominant scarring, architectural distortion, and subtle cystic and cylindrical bronchiectasis. Contour deformity of the right upper mediastinum with silhouetting of the ascending aortic contour ... Figure 2. A, Representative axial CT image displayed with lung window settings demonstrates architectural distortion and bilateral cystic and cylindrical bronchiectasis in the upper lobes and superior portion of the lower lobes. B, Mediastinal window demonstrates ... Physical Examination Findings On physical examination the patient was afebrile, with a heart rate of 113 beats/min, BP of 101/65 mm Hg, respiratory rate of 22 breaths/min, and oxygen saturation of 99% on room air. Neck examination revealed no thyromegaly, jugular venous distention, or cervical lymphadenopathy. Cardiac examination was notable for tachycardia. Bilateral inspiratory crackles were noted on lung auscultation. On abdominal examination she had diffuse mild tenderness to palpation without organomegaly. The rest of the physical examination was unremarkable. Laboratory Findings Laboratory findings showed a normal chemistry panel and normocytic anemia (hemoglobin=10.4 g/dL). Thyrotropin and free T4 levels were normal. Serum immunoglobulin levels showed IgG 354 mg/dL (normal, 694-1,698 mg/dL), IgA 40 mg/dL (normal, 63-378 mg/dL), and IgM 19 mg/dL (normal, 60-263 mg/dL). HIV test was negative. A bronchoscopy with BAL and transbronchial biopsy did not isolate any organisms and showed normal lung parenchyma. What is the next diagnostic step? What is the probable diagnosis? Next diagnostic step: Biopsy of the mediastinal mass Diagnosis: Good syndrome
Circulatory support with a centrifugal pump as a bridge to cardiac transplantation.

Abstract Since January 1985, the Heart Transplant Program at Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, has performed 89 heart transplantations in 86 patients. Twenty patients (23%) have required preoperative mechanical support of circulation or respiration prior to transplantation. The Bio-Medicus centrifugal pump (Bio-Pump) formed the basis of our circulatory support system during the period of this report. Nine patients were placed on the Bio-Pump with the intention of bridging them to transplantation. Six patients required left ventricular assistance; in 2, the device was inserted because they could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass. Two patients required biventricular assistance, 1 because she could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass at the end of a cardiac operation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was necessary in 1 patient for right ventricular decompensation and cardiac arrest four hours after orthotopic cardiac transplantation. One of these 9 patients died on circulatory support, and in another, a complication developed that precluded transplantation. The remaining 7 patients (78%) underwent a successful transplant procedure after an average of 1.6 days of circulatory support (range, 0,5 to three days), and all are long-term survivors of transplantation. There has been 1 late death at 17 months from a cerebrovascular hemorrhage. In summary, the centrifugal pump provides excellent short-term circulatory support for individuals who would otherwise die before cardiac transplantation.
Enzymatic Reduction of Metmyoglobin by Ground Beef

SUMMARY A method is described for estimating the ability of ground meat to reduce metmyoglobin enzymatically. The method involves a complete oxidation of all pigments to metmyoglobin by the addition of ferricyanide, followed by measurement of metmyoglobin reduction by the meat in 1 hr. The work was confined to beef rib eye muscle. Metmyoglobin-reducing activity (MRA) showed great fluctuations in rib eyes from different animals. It was correlated with total pigment. In any one sample of meat, MRA increased with pH from pH 5.1 to 7.1 and with temperature from 3°C to 35°C. It declined only slightly in whole cuts of meat stored for several days in the refrigerator, but much more rapidly in stored ground meat. Chlortetracycline did not interfere with MRA, but 5% salt completely inhibited it. A possible reductive mechanism is discussed briefly.
An abyssal recipe

Fine- and microstructure observations indicate bottom-intensified turbulent dissipation above rough bathymetry associated with internal wave breaking. Simple analytic representations for the depth profile of turbulent dissipation are proposed here under the assumption that the near bottom wavefield is dominated by a baroclinic tide. This scheme is intended for use in numerical models and thus captures only the gross features of detailed solutions to the energy balance of the internal wavefield. The possible sensitivity of the magnitude and vertical variability of the dissipation rate profile to various environmental parameters is discussed. An expression for the diapycnal buoyancy flux is presented that explicitly treats the difference between the height of an isopycnal above the mean bottom and the actual bottom. This returns a diapycnal velocity estimate that is consistent with both tracer observations of downwelling and a basin scale mass budget that requires upwelling.
Clinical ramifications of giant paraesophageal hernias are underappreciated: making the case for routine surgical repair.

Background We propose that the symptoms associated with paraesophageal hernia (PEH) are more diverse than previously suggested, and symptoms and clinical manifestations correlate to the anatomy of the hernia. Methods Patients undergoing surgery for PEH were reviewed from a prospective, institutional review board–approved, single-center database. Presenting symptoms, anatomy of the PEH, demographics, and outcomes were analyzed from 2000 to 2010. Presenting symptoms were assessed for incidence and improvement after surgery. Size and configuration of the PEH were assessed with respect to presenting symptoms. Results The study included 270 consecutive patients, 63% were female, and the median age was 70 years (range, 39 to 94 years). The most common presenting symptoms were heartburn in 175 patients (65%), early satiety in 136 patients (50%), chest pain in 130 patients (48%), dyspnea in 130 patients (48%), dysphagia in 129 patients (48%), regurgitation in 128 patients (47%), and anemia in 112 patients (41%). Two hundred sixty-nine patients (99.6%) had at least one symptom; the median number of symptoms was 4 (range, 0 to 10). The type of PEH was II (n = 10), III (n = 206), and IV (n = 54), and the percent intrathoracic stomach was less than 50% (n = 33), 50% to 74% (n = 86), 75% to 99% (n = 55), and 100% (n = 96). Paraesophageal hernia type was significantly associated with heartburn (type II/III; p = 0.005) and dyspnea (type IV; p = 0.007). Significant associations included lower percent intrathoracic stomach with regurgitation ( p = 0.04); higher percent intrathoracic stomach with early satiety ( p = 0.02), decreased meal size ( p = 0.007), and dyspnea ( p p = 0.001). With a median postoperative follow-up of 103 days, symptoms were subjectively better in patients with dyspnea (67%), early satiety (79%), regurgitation (92%), dysphagia (81%), chest pain (76%), and heartburn (93%). Conclusions Paraesophageal hernia is associated with a greater diversity of symptomatic presentation than previously thought. Asymptomatic patients are rare, and size and configuration of the hernia are associated with specific symptoms. Patients with large PEHs should be assessed by an experienced surgeon for elective repair.
Semiautomatic Software For Quantitative Analysis Of Cardiac Positron Tomography Studies

In order to derive accurate values for true tissue radiotracers concentrations from gated positron emission tomography (PET) images of the heart, which are critical for quantifying noninvasively regional myocardial blood flow and metabolism, appropriate corrections for partial volume effect (PVE) and contamination from adjacent anatomical structures are required. We therefore developed an integrated software package for quantitative analysis of tomographic images which provides for such corrections. A semiautomatic edge detection technique outlines and partitions the myocardium into sectors. Myocardial wall thickness is measured on the images perpendicularly to the detected edges and used to correct for PVE. The programs automatically correct for radioactive decay, activity calibration and cross contaminations for both static and dynamic studies. Parameters derived with these programs include tracer concentrations and their changes over time. They are used for calculating regional metabolic rates and can be further displayed as color coded parametric images. The approach was validated for PET imaging in 11 dog experiments. 2D echocardiograms (Echo) were recorded simultaneously to validate the edge detection and wall thickness measurement techniques. After correction for PVE using automatic WT measurement, regional tissue tracer concentrations derived from PET images correlated well with true tissue concentrations as determined by well counting (r=0.98). These preliminary studies indicate that the developed automatic image analysis technique allows accurate and convenient evaluation of cardiac PET images for the measurement of both, regional tracer tissue concentrations as well as regional myocardial function.
Comments on the relativistic ejection of QSOs from galaxies

The hypothesis that some QSOs are ejected from galaxies is explored with respect to the well-known relativistic Doppler effect. It is shown that the compact QSO-like object which Arp finds silhouetted on NGC 1199 could, in principle, have a redshift dominated by a transverse velocity component. Implications of this hypothesis for other possible galaxy-QSO associations are discussed.
Vascular smooth muscle structure and juvenile growth in rat intestinal venules.

Abstract The morphological structure of individual vascular smooth muscle cells from intestinal venules was evaluated with a combination of quantitative scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy techniques. In addition, growth of individual venular smooth muscle cells and of the overall vessel wall was compared from measurements of these variables during the rapid juvenile growth spurt from ages 4 to 6 and 10 to 12 weeks in Wistar-Kyoto rats. SEM revealed that smooth muscle cells of intestinal venules in weanling rats are very long (379 ± 91 [SD] μm) and wide (6.0 ± 1.3 μm) and very little further cell enlargement occurs during rapid juvenile growth. TEM studies indicated that passive inner vessel diameter and total muscle layer cross-sectional area of both the largest and intermediate diameter venules of young rats, as well as the percentage of the total wall area as muscle tissue in each venule type, did not significantly increase during body growth. These observations indicate that both the intestinal venules and their smooth muscle cells reach mature dimensions at a very early stage of life. Comparison of intestinal vascular smooth muscle cell dimensions indicates that venular smooth muscle cells are much larger in both cell length and volume than comparable arteriolar smooth muscle cells.
Production Of Bioactive NO From The Reaction Of Met-nitrite Hemoglobin With NO: Use Of Glassy Matices And Sol-gels

There is growing evidence that nitrite-mediated reactions of Hb can generate bioactive forms of nitric oxide. The nitrite reductase reaction in which deoxy Hb reacts with nitrite has been studied from this perspective; however, this reaction generates NO under conditions where it can be easily scavenged. In contrast the proposed reaction of NO with nitrite bound to ferric heme derivatives to generate N2O3 is a much more promising mechanism. This follows because N2O3 can rapidly react with thiol containing peptides such as glutathione to produce S-NO derivatives. These species are likely to be the relatively long lived bioactive forms of NO that produce positive physiological effects in the vascular endothelium as occurs for blood substitutes derived from PEGylated Hb. We present results obtained using Hb samples encased in either glassy matrices or sol-gels that directly support this model. In particular there is spectroscopic evidence for the formation of a ferrous intermediate resulting from the direct reaction of NO with met-nitrite derivatives that precedes the formation of either ferrous NO or ferrous CO derivatives. This intermediate is attributable to a ferrous N2O3 complex.
Femtosecond Enhancement Cavities for High-Harmonic Generation

We demonstrate high-harmonic generation at high repetition rates using a passive enhancement cavity and propose improved cavity geometries. This source provides a frequency comb in the VUV for high-resolution spectroscopy.
Analysing user contribution patterns of drone pictures to the dronestagram photo sharing portal

Drones, also known as unmanned aerial vehicles, are nowadays frequently used to supplement traditional airborne data collection methods such as aerial photography and satellite imagery. Dronestagram, launched in July 2013, is one of the first Web 2.0 projects that share georeferenced drone pictures, providing a valuable source of VGI image data. This paper analyses spatial patterns of contributions to dronestagram world-wide and for two selected regions. Results show that the number of uploaded pictures is associated with the socioeconomic development of a country and the presence of geographical features, and that pictures are clustered in sub-regions.
Entrained flow gasification of coal: 2. Fate of nitrogen and sulphur pollutants as assessed from local measurements

A laboratory-scale, entrained flow gasifier was used to investigate the local details of the coal gasification process. Results were obtained from a series of mapping tests at an oxygen-coal ratio of 0.91 and a steam-coal ratio of 0.27, using a Utah high-volatile, low-sulphur bituminous coal. Sulphur pollutant (H2S, SO2, COS and CS2) and nitrogen pollutant (HCN, NH3 and NO) concentrations were determined by detailed radial measurements. As was revealed by measurements of the main gasification products reported in Part 1, three separate flame zones were also found for pollutants: an intense oxygen-rich flame region where very rapid reaction took place, a recirculation region and a downstream region where slow heterogeneous reactions were observed. Oxygenated pollutant species (SO2 and NO) were found to form in significant amounts (up to 3168 and 2767 ppm respectively) in the intense, oxygen-rich flame region. These oxygenated species were converted to varying amounts of H2S, COS, CS2, HCN and NH3 towards the reactor exit, more consistent with expected values based on the overall stoichiometry. Values of local carbon, sulphur and nitrogen conversion from the coal to the gas phase were determined from ash-carbon, ash-sulphur and ash-nitrogen material balances, respectively. Elemental conversion values near the reactor exit were ≈ 79% for carbon, 78% for sulphur and 85% for nitrogen. These data allow the important reaction processes to be postulated and also provide insight into the chemical mechanisms of pollutant formation. The local data are also useful for comparison and validation of generalized entrained coal gasification models.
Life-threatening neutropenia following methotrexate treatment of ectopic pregnancy: a report of two cases.

Background Medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate is an increasingly common alternative to surgical management. Initial reports of methotrexate therapy described a very low incidence of complications. We report our experience with two patients who developed profound toxicity following methotrexate treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Case The first patient received a single dose of methotrexate (50 mg/m 2 intramuscularly) for a confirmed ectopic pregnancy. The second patient received three doses of methotrexate (1 mg/kg). Both patients developed life-threatening neutropenia and febrile morbidity requiring hospitalization and supportive care. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first description of significant morbidity secondary to bone marrow suppression following methotrexate treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Most patients with ectopic pregnancy who are treated with methotrexate can expect resolution of their symptoms and a low risk of mild complications. However, serious complications after this therapy are possible and may occur even with the single-dose regimen.
Localized erythema multiforme due to lymphatic obstruction.

SUMMARY Two cases of localized erythema multiforme are described with lesions limited to areas of lymphatic obstruction. It is thought that the blockade of the reticulo-endothelial system predisposed to the deposition of immune complexes in the lymphoedematous skin.
Properties of the geometric phase of a de Broglie-Bohm causal quantum mechanical trajectory

Abstract In a manner analogous to that used to define the geometric phase of a wavefunction, one can define the geometric phase of a periodic trajectory associated with the de Broglie-Bohm causal interpretation of quantum mechanics. This phase is proportional to the action integral over the trajectory. Numerical evidence indicates that this is an adiabatic invariant, despite the fact that the equations of motion are not separable and that the effective classical Hamiltonian depends explicitly on time, two conditions excluded in the standard proof of adiabatic invariance. The associated concept of geometric frequency, proportional to the time average of the kinetic energy, can be defined for both periodic and aperiodic trajectories. Numerical evidence indicates that this also has remarkable properties.
The rationality of doing “nothing”: Auditors' responses to legal liability in an institutionalized environment

Abstract The auditing profession has come under increasing pressure in the past 30 years to respond to allegations that it has failed in its prime mission—that of notifying investors and others when financial statements of client companies are not be relied upon. Faced with a legal liability whose actual consequences pale only in comparison to its future potential losses due to this failure, public accounting has mounted a multi-faceted campaign to address the situation. This paper explores the public accounting profession's responses to their malpractice situation against the suggestion that the crisis is institutional in its nature, and therefore not remediable within current social arrangements. Institutional theory is outlined and applied to auditing as a preface for a detailed examination of the many aspects of this public debate. This argument spans not only what public accounting has done in the face of its legal situation, but also what it has not done.
Synthesis of gold nanorod/single-wall carbon nanotube heterojunctions directly on surfaces.

This contribution describes the synthesis of gold nanorod (Au NR)/single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) heterojunctions assembled directly on Si/SiOx substrates. SWCNTs are attached to amine-functionalized Si/SiOx substrates, and Au monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs) are adsorbed to the surface of SWCNTs through hydrophobic interactions. Seed-mediated reduction of HAuCl4 with ascorbic acid in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) onto the Au MPCs leads to the growth of larger Au nanostructures directly on the SWCNTs. Au NRs account for 19% of the nanostructures, some of which are attached directly to the sidewall and some at the ends of the SWCNTs. Raman spectroscopic measurements of SWCNTs before and after growth of the Au nanostructures reveal that the presence of Au leads to an approximately 50-fold enhancement of the Raman scattering signal. Combining 1D nanostructures of different materials (Au and carbon in this example) is of fundamental interest and may find use in nanoelectronics, ...
Novel Synthesis of the Isoflavone Genistein.

A novel five-step sequence for the synthesis of genistein (VIb) from ketone (Ia) involves formation of the enamino ketone (III) followed by ring closure and Suzuki coupling.
Asphaltene Flocculation Inhibition with Ultrasonic Wave Radiation

Najafi et al., (2011) proposed the idea of asphaltene floculation inhibition in crude oil by sonication. The present investigation is a continuous effort to provide more information about the process of flocculation inhibition. Confocal microscopy, rheological and asphaltene content analyses were done in this study. By analysis of the results obtained , it can be concluded that ultrasonic wave radiation can be the most effective if the wave is radiated up to an optimum time. Around this time the oil has its local minimum value of kinematic viscosity, the least value of asphaltene content and least potential for formation of macro-structured flocs due to reduction in aromatic to saturate ratio. More detailed studies revealed that during radiation time two main mechanisms are active in asphaltenic crude oil which is asphaltene particles disintegration and formation of asphaltene particles. Based on asphaltene content analysis, the optimum radiation time can be defined as the time at which the two mechanisms are having equal rate. The optimum radiation times are observed in different tests and are in good accordance with each other. According to the results obtained, ultrasonic wave technology can be a potential method of flocculation inhibition and can have extensive industrial application.
Has the growth and development of subspecialization in pediatric urology affected scholarly activity

Purpose: How has academic productivity changed in a decade in the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Urology? Do academic pursuits slow as section members become older? What is the average number of publications yearly by section members? What percent of research is funded in pediatric urology? Has change occurred with multiple authorships?Materials and Methods: American Academy of Pediatrics Urology Section active memberships for 1993 and 2003 were obtained. A PubMed study was performed by reviewing all manuscripts published by American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Urology active members for 1991 to 1993 and 2001 to 2003. The data recorded were author, year, PubMed identification number, the number of authors, financial support and journal. Parametric and nonparametric statistics were used for analysis.Results: In the 1991 to 1993 era there were 245 active members, of whom 145 published a total of 972 manuscripts. There were 604 clinical authorships, 161 basic science articles, 42 reviews and ...
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5a as an inflammation marker in end-stage renal disease.

Aim: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is often complicated by chronic inflammation and malnutrition. We tested whether serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) isoform 5a relates to other markers of inflammation in ESRD. Material: Predialysis serum was collected from 99 ESRD patients (51 male, 48 female) aged 55 ± 15 years and a control group of 36 healthy subjects (8 male, 28 female) aged 43.2 ± 10.5 years. Methods: Serum TRACP 5a activity and protein, TRACP 5b activity and C-reactive protein (CRP) were estimated by in-house immunoassays. Commercial kits were used for serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, N-telopeptides of Type I collagen, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and fetuin-A. Intact parathyroid hormone was determined by chemiluminescent assay. Albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, ferritin and hemoglobin were compared to the hospital reference ranges. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the heel in 69 patients and all control subjects and expressed as g/cm 2 and age-corrected T-score. Results: Mean (median) levels of all serum markers were significantly elevated in ESRD except fetuin-A, which was significantly reduced. Mean BMD (g/cm 2 ) was not different than control, but mean T-score was significantly reduced. TRACP 5a protein correlated with CRP, triglycerides and ferritin, but not with IL-6 or any other nutritional or bone markers or BMD. TRACP 5b activity correlated with all bone markers and BMD, but not with inflammation or nutritional markers. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that TRACP 5a may be a useful marker to estimate the degree of inflammation in ESRD patients on chronic hemodialysis.
Swirling Flow of a Dissociated Gas

Most physical applications of the swirling flow, defined as a vortex superimposed on an axial flow in the nozzle, involve high temperatures and the possibility of real gas effects. The generalized one-dimensional swirling flow in a converging-diverging nozzle is analyzed for equilibrium and frozen dissociation using the ideal dissociating gas model. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the major effects and to compare with results obtained for a perfect gas with constant ratio of specific heats. It is found that, even in the case of real gases, perfect gas calculations can give a good estimate of the reduction in mass flow due to swirl.
Adatom Pairing Structures for Ge on Si(100): The Initial Stage of Island Formation

With the use of scanning tunneling microscopy, it is shown that germanium atoms adsorbed on the (100) surface of silicon near room temperature form chainlike structures that are tilted from the substrate dimer bond direction and that consist of two-atom units arranged in adjoining substrate troughs. These units are distinctly different from surface dimers. They may provide the link missing in our understanding of the elementary processes in epitaxial film growth: the step between monomer adsorption and the initial formation of two-dimensional growth islands.