cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A System for Studying Facial Nerve Function in Rats through Simultaneous Bilateral Monitoring of Eyelid and Whisker Movements

The occurrence of inappropriate co-contraction (synkinesis) of facially innervated muscles in humans is a common sequela of facial nerve injury and recovery. We have developed a system for studying facial nerve function and synkinesis in restrained rats using non-contact opto-electronic techniques that enable simultaneous bilateral monitoring of eyelid and whisker movements. Whisking is monitored in high spatio-temporal resolution using laser micrometers, and eyelid movements are detected using infrared diode and phototransistor pairs that respond to the increased reflection when the eyelids cover the cornea. To validate the system, 8 rats were tested with multiple 5-min sessions that included corneal air puffs to elicit blink and scented air flows to elicit robust whisking. Four rats then received unilateral facial nerve section and were tested at weeks 3-6. Whisking and eye blink behavior occurred both spontaneously and under stimulus control, with no detectable difference from published whisking data. Proximal facial nerve section caused an immediate ipsilateral loss of whisking and eye blink response, but some ocular closures emerged due to retractor bulbi muscle function. The independence observed between whisker and eyelid control indicates that this system may provide a powerful tool for identifying abnormal co-activation of facial zones resulting from aberrant axonal regeneration.
Asymmetric Time Series

Abstract Asymmetric time series respond to innovations with one of two different rules according to whether the innovation is positive or negative. Quoted industrial prices are apparently such a series. It has been observed that when market conditions change, quoted prices are not revised immediately. This delay operates more strongly against reductions in price quotations than against increases. A statistical model for such asymmetric times series is developed and analyzed. An estimation procedure is given as well as a statistical test of the hypothesis of symmetry versus the alternative of asymmetry. Asymmetric time series models are fit to several economic time series.
The reduction of carbon dioxide employing 1,4,7,10-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10 tetraazacyclododecane nickel(II) as a electron relay catalyst

Photolysis of a mixture of [Ni(Me4[12]aneN4)(H2O)]2+, [Ru(bipy)3]2+, ascorbate and carbon dioxide resulted in the formation of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and formic acid. The electrolysis of [Ni(Me4[12]aneN4)(H2O)]2+, in the presence of carbon dioxide and various electrolytes resulted in the formation of formic acid. More formic acid was formed in the presence of sodium perchlorate than sodium chloride. [Ni(Me4[12]aneN4)(H2O)]2+, preferentially reduces carbon dioxide versus a proton in aqueous solution regardless whether this nickel(I) complex is generated electrochemically or photochemically. This photo or electro generated nickel(I) complex also interacts strongly with CO and ascorbate but not with a proton above the pH of 4.
African genetic admixture is associated with body composition and fat distribution in a cross-sectional study of children

Although differences in body composition parameters among African American (AA), Hispanic American (HA) and European American (EA) children are well documented, the factors underlying these differences are not completely understood. Environmental and genetic contributors have been evaluated as contributors to observed differences. This study evaluated the extent to which African or European ancestral genetic background influenced body composition and fat distribution in 301 peripubertal AA (n=107), HA (n=79) and EA (n=115) children aged 7–12. Estimates of African admixture (AFADM) and European admixture (EUADM) were obtained for every subject using 142 ancestry informative DNA markers. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography scanning were used to determine body composition and abdominal fat distribution, respectively. Multiple regression models were conducted to evaluate the contribution of admixture estimates to body composition and fat distribution. Greater AFADM was associated with lower fat mass (P=0.0163), lower total abdominal adipose tissue (P=0.0006), lower intra-abdominal adipose tissue (P=0.0035), lower subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (P=0.0115) and higher bone mineral content (BMC) (P=0.0253), after adjusting for socio-economic status, sex, age, height, race/ethnicity and pubertal status. Greater EUADM was associated with lower lean mass (LM) (P=0.0056). These results demonstrate that ancestral genetic background contributes to racial/ethnic differences in body composition above and beyond the effects of racial/ethnic classification and suggest a genetic contribution to total body fat accumulation, abdominal adiposity, LM and BMC.
New standards, same refrain: the IAAF's regulations on hyperandrogenism.

Karkazis and colleagues (2012), the authors of “Out of Bounds,” rightly point out that what seems to be a medicoscientific issue is fraught with a host of cultural considerations. Indeed, implicit ...
Predictors of Categorical At-Risk High School Dropouts

The authors attempted to identify key contributing factors to school dropout among 3 categories of at-risk students: those with low grade point averages, those who had been suspended, and those from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Logistic regression analysis of the data, which were derived from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1997 (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2002) indicated that student dropout rates were affected differently by students' membership in the 3 at-risk categories.
Uncertainty, risk aversion, and the game theoretic foundations of the safe minimum standard: a reassessment

Abstract Contrary to a widely-held perception, game theory can provide a consistent and rigorous economic justification for the safe minimum standard (SMS) constraint on economic development. S.V. Ciriacy-Wantrup (1968) based the SMS on the idea that risk-aversion is an important public policy motive, and Richard Bishop (1978) tried to theoretically justify this idea 20 years ago by applying the minimax decision rule to an insurance (loss avoidance) game-theoretic model. More recently Richard Ready and Bishop (1991) distinguished two different games against nature and determined that the minimax rule implied opposite choices (for preservation, for development) in the models and, therefore, game theory could not provide a consistent rationale for the SMS. Ready and Bishop's two games can be viewed as subgames of a more comprehensive dynamic game of society against nature. The minimax decision rule yields contrary results because the two subgames embody different kinds of uncertainty. Further, the minimax rule both ignores the social cost of wrong choices and violates Milnor's bonus invariance axiom for game–theoretic decision rules (Milnor, J., 1964). A minimax–regret decision rule is preferred because it emphasizes risk–aversion while explicitly incorporating the opportunity cost of making a `wrong' choice between preservation and development. The rule gives rise to a consistent choice of preservation over both the insurance and lottery games and transfers the burden of argument from preservationists to developers. On the other hand, the SMS constraint on development is contingent on the size of development benefits foregone and thus is not absolute and binding.
Sperm precedence in the deer tick Ixodes dammini.

We determined whether female deer ticks Ixodes dammini Spielman, Clifford, Piesman & Corwin (Acari: Ixodidae) can be inseminated repeatedly and whether sperm from first or second matings take precedence in fertilizing eggs. Such information is essential to the design of attempts to reduce the fertility of these vectors of Lyme disease. Although spermatophores are present in about half of questing female ticks, they are present in virtually all those found on deer; the abundance of males on deer exceeds that of females and copulation is common. Females must be inseminated before commencing the rapid engorgement phase of feeding. Males need not be in attendance during feeding, provided that the female has been inseminated preprandially. Thus, preprandial insemination suffices to stimulate rapid engorgement, but less blood is taken than when the female is perprandially inseminated. Both types of insemination effectively fertilize eggs. Eggs from females sequentially inseminated by irradiated and non irradiated males, were fertilized mainly by sperm from the last male. Cobalt-irradiated males mate effectively and their sperm compete with those of non-irradiated males. Sperm from the second two sequential inseminations fertilize most of the eggs. By infesting deer with such irradiated male I.dammini, the abundance of these vector ticks may effectively be reduced.
Do you know?: recommending people to invite into your social network

In this paper we describe a novel UI and system for providing users with recommendations of people to invite into their explicit enterprise social network. The recommendations are based on aggregated information collected from various sources across the organization and are displayed in a widget, which is part of a popular enhanced employee directory. Recommended people are presented one by one, with detailed reasoning as for why they were recommended. Usage results are presented for a period of four months that indicate an extremely significant impact on the number of connections created in the system. Responses in the organization's blogging system, a survey with over 200 participants, and a set of interviews we conducted shed more light on the way the widget is used and implications of the design choices made.
Patterns in the Abundance and Composition of Fishes among Beds of Different Macrophytes: Viewing a Littoral Zone as a Landscape

To determine if the density, biomass, species density (number of fish species per square metre), and species composition of juvenile and forage fish (fish ≤ 100 mm SL) differed among macrophyte typ...
Task Identification in Pediatric Practice

IMAGINATIVE efforts are urgently needed to cope with the impending shortage of child health manpower in the United States. The situation is serious: an increasing childhood population in the face of a declining number of child health physicians (pediatricians and general practitioners).1Most urban practitioners' offices are filled to capacity, and countless communities are without any physician. New federal health programs which require large numbers of professional staff are enabling more citizens to have access to health services. There are two possible solutions: a marked increase in the number of pediatricians or a change in the manner that pediatric care is now given. No matter how desirable, the first possibility is impractical. By 1980, even if the majority of all medical school graduates were to enter pediatrics (a most unlikely prospect), the current child-to-physician ratio could not be maintained and would result in shortages of other types of physicians
A quest for global entrepreneurs: the importance of cultural intelligence on commitment to entrepreneurial education

This article extends the management construct of cultural intelligence (CQ) to the entrepreneurship literature by examining CQ in the context of commitment to entrepreneurial education as a proxy for entrepreneurial intentions. Using a convenience sample of students enrolled in an entrepreneurship class, we investigated the relationships of international experience, CQ and commitment to entrepreneurial education. Our findings suggest international experience is positively related to CQ (H1) and CQ is positively related to commitment to entrepreneurial education (H2). Additionally, CQ mediates the relationship between international experience and commitment (H3). This research demonstrates the usefulness of CQ within the entrepreneurial context in the expanding global economy. Discussion and areas for future research focus on further testing of the proposed relationships in other entrepreneurial populations. Also, implications for entrepreneurial training and education related to increasing CQ through study and travel/living/working abroad should be explored.
Automorphisms of nonselfadjoint directed graph operator algebras

We analyze the automorphism group for the norm closed quiver algebras 𝒯 + ( Q ). We begin by focusing on two normal subgroups of the automorphism group which are characterized by their actions on the maximal ideal space of 𝒯 + ( Q ). To further discuss arbitrary automorphisms we factor automorphism through subalgebras for which the automorphism group can be better understood. This allows us to classify a large number of noninner automorphisms. We suggest a candidate for the group of inner automorphisms.
Methods for studying transmembrane peptides in bicelles: consequences of hydrophobic mismatch and peptide sequence.

We have shown that bicelles prepared from dilauryl phosphatidylcholine (DLPC) and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) align in a magnetic field under conditions similar to the more common dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bicelles. In addition, a model transmembrane peptide, P16, with a hydrophobic stretch of 24 A, and specific alanine-d(3) labels, was incorporated into all of the different bicelles. The long-chain phospholipid (DLPC, DMPC, or DPPC) remained unperturbed upon incorporation of the peptide while the quadrupolar splitting of the short-chain phospholipid along the bicelle rim increased by varying degrees in the different bicelle systems. The change in quadrupolar splitting of the short-chain phospholipids was attributed to changes in either fluidity of the planar region of the bicelle or differences in overall lipid packing. When the hydrophobic stretch of the bilayer was 22.8 (DMPC) or 26.3 A (DPPC), the peptide tilt was found to be transmembrane (33-35 degrees with respect to the bicelle normal). When the hydrophobic stretch of the bilayer was 19.5 A (DLPC), the peptide quadrupolar splittings suggested a loss of transmembrane orientation. When tryptophan was incorporated in the middle of the transmembrane region, the transmembrane orientation was also lost.
A Markov renewal process imbedded in a Markov chain

Let be a Markov chain with state space in R + = (0,∞), an initial distribution μ and a transition probability Q. For each x∊R + the support of is [0,x], which implies that . Set and put . We prove that is a Markov renewal process and that is a Markov process with a stationary transition probability function. Write and suppose that . We give conditions under which is relatively stable and show that , where are stabilizing constants and Z is exponentially distributed. We also show that is asymptotically stationary and possesses a mixing property
Redo lung transplantation for acute and chronic lung allograft failure: long-term follow-up in a single center.

Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate outcomes of redo lung transplantation (LT) for acute and chronic graft failure. Methods: Between 1988 and 2007, 388 LT procedures were performed on 369 patients. From those, 17 (4.6%) patients had redo LTonce and 2 patients had redo LT twice. Patient survival and recurrence of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after redo LT were reviewed. Results: The overall survival rates of the 17 redo LTrecipients at 1, 2 and 5 years were 59 23%, 59 23% and 42 25%, respectively. For the chronic graft failure group (n = 12), survival rates at 1, 2 and 5 years were 67 26%, 67 26% and 44 30%, respectively. These survival rates were significantly lower than the survival rates observed in our experience after primary LT (n = 352, 1-, 2- and 5-year survival rates of 88 4%, 80 4% and 65 5%, respectively. For the acute graft failure group (n = 5), the 1-year survival rate was 40%; two patients remain free from BOS. Two patients had a second redo LT, one died from multi-organ failure on postoperative day 86 and the other died from pulmonary aspergillosis on postoperative day 214. Conclusions: Redo LT is a valid therapeutic option for selected patients with BOS and might be an option for highly selected patients with acute lung graft failure. Outcomes from a second redo LTare poor, and a second lung retransplantation must be used very cautiously, if at all. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery.
Texas-Mexico multimodal transportation: developments in Mexico

This presentation highlights the results of a recently completed study that examines the Texas- Mexico multimodal transport system already in place, current plans for improvements or expansion, and opportunities and constraints faced by each transport mode -- motor carriage, rail, maritime, and air. Particular emphasis is given to findings regarding transportation developments in Mexico. The study concludes that in Mexico, all modes are working at establishing new services and strategic alliances, intermodal arrangements are on the rise, and private-sector participation in infrastructure improvements is growing daily at Mexican seaports and airports as well as within that nation's highway and rail systems. This presentation looks at developments that concern privatization, deregulation, infrastructure improvements, financing arrangements, and new services in Mexico.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Longitudinal variability in outdoor, indoor, and personal PM2.5 exposure in healthy non-smoking adults

Abstract Multiple 24-h average outdoor, indoor and personal PM 2.5 measurements were made in a population of healthy non-smoking adults from the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area between April and November 1999. Personal ( P ) PM 2.5 concentrations were higher than indoor ( I ) concentrations, which were higher than outdoor (O) concentrations. For 28 adults with a median of 9 (range 5–11) measurements per person, the distribution of longitudinal (i.e., within-person) correlation coefficients between P and I was moderate (median r =0.45). The distribution of longitudinal correlation coefficients between I and O concentrations showed that these variables were less strongly associated (median r =0.25; 28 residences; measurement median n =10 per residence, range 7–13), and the distribution of P and O correlation coefficients (median r =0.02; 29 subjects; measurement median n =11 per subject, range 7–15) showed little statistical relation between these two variables for a majority of participants. A sensitivity analysis indicated that correlations did not increase if days with exposure to environmental tobacco smoke or occupational exposures were excluded. On average these adults spent 91% of their time indoors, and the mean of the average PM 2.5 “personal cloud” was 15.3 μg/m 3 . Participants who had the largest personal cloud values tended to work outside the home and spent more time outdoors than subjects who did not work outside the home. In this population of healthy non-smoking adults, personal exposure to PM 2.5 does not correlate strongly with outdoor central site PM 2.5 concentrations.
Breastfeeding Knowledge, Breastfeeding Confidence, and Infant Feeding Plans: Effects on Actual Feeding Practices

Objective To explore relationships among breastfeeding knowledge, breastfeeding confidence, and infant feeding plans and their effects on feeding practices in first-time breastfeeding mothers. Design Prospective descriptive design. Setting Telephone interviews were conducted prenatally and at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postpartum. Participants Seventy-four of 83 first-time mothers with prenatal intentions to breastfeed completed all study requirements. The majority were White (95%), between the ages of 21 and 30 years (73%), with a post–high school education (85%), and household incomes of more than 200% of the federal poverty guideline (88%). Main Outcome Measures Breastfeeding knowledge, breastfeeding confidence, planned infant feeding method, planned breastfeeding duration, weeks of daily human milk substitute feeding, breastfeeding duration, achievement of breastfeeding goals. Results Breastfeeding knowledge was strongly correlated with breastfeeding confidence (r=.262; p=.025) and actual lactation duration (r=.455; p =.0001). Compared with women planning to exclusively breastfeed their infants, those planning to combination feed planned shorter breastfeeding duration (p=.022), reported shorter actual duration (p=.004), and were less likely to meet their breastfeeding goal (p=.034). The variables maternal education, breastfeeding knowledge, and weeks of daily human milk substitute feeding were used to develop a prediction equation that correctly categorized 93% of participants who met their breastfeeding goal and 90% of those who did not. Conclusions Expectations and the actual breastfeeding experience differed among women planning to combination feed and those planning to exclusively breastfeed. Whether a cause or consequence, daily human milk substitute feeding was associated with negative breastfeeding outcomes.
Nuclear level parameters and the Pb208 (γ, n) reaction

The ( gamma ,n) reaction is discussed as a method for obtaining data on the spin dependence of level spacings, the strength function for p and d-wave neutrons, and the distribution of partial radiation widths. The level parameters obtained for Pb/sup 208/ are presented. (C.E.S.)
Fertilizer Recovery from Anaerobic Digesters

ABSTRACT AGRICULTURAL wastes can be anaerobically digested to product methane. Fertilizer nutrients in the wastes are recovered after the digestion process. The objectives of this study were to evaluate nutrient recovery, extractability and distribution between supernatant and sludge fractions. Three influent types prepared to 60 g/L total solids (TS), poultry manure-thin stillage mixture, dairy cattle and swine manure (PMT, CM and SM), were utilized in laboratory (35 °C) digestions with two retention times (16 and 24 days). While total Kjeldahl N of these wastes was approximately 100% recovered after digestion, 2N KCl extractable NH4+N was recovered in excess of 100% (229 to 240% for PMT and 136 to 152% for CM and SM digesters) due to the mineralization of influent organic N. The extractable:total ratios of influent P, Ca and Mg were reduced (P by 19 to 30%, Ca by 19 to 24% and Mg by 6 to 20%) after digestion of PMT and SM. These ratios of K and Ca were reduced (by 9 to 11%) after digestion of CM. Reduced extractability may have resulted from increased nutrient sorption by manure solids after digestion. Centrifugation distributed NH4+N and K between supernatant and sludge fractions in proportions that paralleled the effluent total mass distribution between those fractions and distributed P, Ca and Mg in proportions that paralleled effluent TS distribution. Since supernatants accounted for most of the mass, a majority of the effluent NH4+N (58.9 to 83.4) and total K (60.0 to 80.0%) was present in the supernatants. Since the sludges accounted for most of the TS, a majority of the effluent total P (59.6 to 85.8%), total Ca (56.6 to 81.0%) and total Mg (58.8 to 75.1%) was present in the sludges.
Diffusion tensor imaging in the diagnosis of primary lateral sclerosis.

Purpose To evaluate the utility of MR diffusion tensor imaging in diagnosing primary lateral sclerosis (PLS). Materials and Methods Five patients who met clinical criteria for a diagnosis of PLS, and two patients with possible PLS of less than three years duration and eight normal volunteers were studied using MR diffusion tensor imaging. Results All seven patients showed decreased diffusion anisotropy and increased diffusion constant in the PLIC, with complete separation from a normal control group, including patients early in the course of the illness. Conclusion Quantitative diffusion tensor imaging appears to be a useful test to detect upper motor neuron damage and hence to help to establish the diagnosis of PLS. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;19:34–39. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The nucleotide-binding state of microtubules modulates kinesin processivity and the ability of Tau to inhibit kinesin-mediated transport.

The ability of Tau to act as a potent inhibitor of kinesin's processive run length in vitro suggests that it may actively participate in the regulation of axonal transport in vivo. However, it remains unclear how kinesin-based transport could then proceed effectively in neurons, where Tau is expressed at high levels. One potential explanation is that Tau, a conformationally dynamic protein, has multiple modes of interaction with the microtubule, not all of which inhibit kinesin's processive run length. Previous studies support the hypothesis that Tau has at least two modes of interaction with microtubules, but the mechanisms by which Tau adopts these different conformations and their functional consequences have not been investigated previously. In the present study, we have used single molecule imaging techniques to demonstrate that Tau inhibits kinesin's processive run length in an isoform-dependent manner on GDP-microtubules stabilized with either paclitaxel or glycerol/DMSO but not guanosine-5′-((α,β)-methyleno)triphosphate (GMPCPP)-stabilized microtubules. Furthermore, the order of Tau addition to microtubules before or after polymerization has no effect on the ability of Tau to modulate kinesin motility regardless of the stabilizing agent used. Finally, the processive run length of kinesin is reduced on GMPCPP-microtubules relative to GDP-microtubules, and kinesin's velocity is enhanced in the presence of 4-repeat long Tau but not the 3-repeat short isoform. These results shed new light on the potential role of Tau in the regulation of axonal transport, which is more complex than previously recognized.
nif Gene expression in a Nif+, Fix−Bradyrhizobium japanicum variant

Bradyhizobium japonicum USDA 110 has been shown to contain several genetically similar, naturally occurring colony morphology variants. One of these variants, L2-110, although devoid of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, retains significant levels of explanta nitrogen fixation ability relative to other symbiotically competent USDA 110 variants (MN-110 and I-110). Interestingly, Northern blot analyses revealed that L2-110 nodules, despite their lack of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, contained 65% the level of mRNA for dinitrogenase (nifDK) and 64% the level of dinitrogenase reductase (nifH) mRNA relative to MN-110 nodules. Western blot analyses of tissue from the same nodules detected 32% the level of dinitrogenase and 31% the level of dinitrogenase reductase in L2-110 relative to MN-110. L2-110 appears to be a new class of mutant based on the complete absence of symbiotic nitrogen fixation (Fix− and the presence of significant exanta nitrogen fixation (Nif+).
Prick puncture skin tests and serum specific IgE as predictors of nasal challenge response to dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in older adults.

Background The ability of prick puncture skin test (PPST) results and the presence of serum specific IgE (sIgE) to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus to predict positive or negative nasal challenge (NC) results has not been determined in older adults. Objective To determine if allergy skin test and/or serum sIgE is diagnostic of allergic rhinitis in older adults. Methods Forty-eight adults (20 younger and 28 older) with rhinitis underwent NC to D pteronyssinus 1 to 4 weeks after PPST and sIgE to D pteronyssinus . Patients were not aware of their in vivo or in vitro results at the time of their NC. Results Fourteen of 48 adults (10 younger and 4 older) were NC positive. The positive predictive values for older adults with positive NC results ranged from 28.57% to 42.86% for PPST and was 16.67% for sIgE. In contrast, positive predictive values in younger adults ranged from 76.92% to 100% for PPST and was 100% for sIgE. However, negative PPST results and sIgE had high predictive values for a negative NC result to D pteronyssinus in older adults (90.48%-95.24% for PPST and 89.47% for sIgE). Conclusions Although PPST and sIgE negative results were good predictors of negative NC outcomes, neither positive PPST results nor serum sIgE to D pteronyssinus predicted positive NC results in older adults. PPST and sIgE to D pteronyssinus were excellent predictors of both positive and negative NC outcomes in younger adults.
From finite clusters of atoms to the infinite solid. I. Solution of the eigenvalue problem of a simple tight binding model for clusters of arbitrary size

The following model is considered. A cluster of atoms having a rectangular parallelepiped geometry with ${N}_{A}$, ${N}_{B}$, and ${N}_{C}$ atoms in the $x$, $y$, and $z$ directions, respectively, with one atomic orbital per atom, is treated within a linear combination of atomic orbitals framework in which only nearest-neighbor interactions are included. General expressions for the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of this model are obtained for arbitrary values of ${N}_{A}$, ${N}_{B}$, and ${N}_{C}$ and of the transfer intergrals in the three directions, ${t}_{A}$, ${t}_{B}$, and ${t}_{C}$. Furthermore, general expressions are also obtained for the case of including nearest-neighbor overlap integrals ${S}_{A}$, ${S}_{B}$, and ${S}_{C}$. Under the following three conditions: (i) the number of atoms in all directions $\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$, (ii) ${t}_{A}={t}_{B}={t}_{C}=t$, and (iii) ${S}_{A}={S}_{B}={S}_{C}=0$, the solutions reduce to those of a simple-cubic $s$-band solid.
Thermal Stresses in Elastic Multilayer Systems

Thermal stresses in elastic multilayer systems have been previously modelled. However, because the displacement compatibility condition at interfaces between layers must be satisfied, the complexity in obtaining a closed-form solution increases with the number of layers in the system. As a result, existing analyses often adopt simplifications (e.g. assuming a constant elastic modulus throughout the system) to obtain closed-form solutions or are solved numerically by computer. The present study develops an analytical model, in which the complexity in obtaining a closed-form solution is independent of the number of layers and an exact closed-form solution can be concisely formulated. Specific results are calculated for elastic thermal stresses in (AlGa)As laser diodes, which consist of five layers. Also, the zero-order and the first-order approximations are formulated based on the exact closed-form solution, and their accuracy is examined. The acceptability of assuming a constant elastic modulus in the system in existing analyses is also discussed.
Heavy-ion backscattering spectrometry (HIBS) for high-sensitivity surface impurity detection

We describe a medium-energy, heavy ion beam (400 keV C/sup +/) technique for backscattering analyses of heavy trace elements on the surface of light substrates. Pulse pileup problems are eliminated by placing a thin (40 /mu/g/cm/sup 2/), self-supporting C foil in front of the surface barrier detector. In the present example the thickness is selected to range out the ions scattered from a Si substrate, while passing ions scattered from heavier impurities. Using this technique, called Heavy Ion Backscattering Spectrometry (HIBS), we show that sensitivities for impurity elements heavier than Ar on a Si substrate are as high as 10/sup 10/ atoms/cm/sup 2/ for Au to 5/times/10/sup 11/ atoms/cm/sup 2/ for Fe. 10 refs., 5 figs.
Theoretical analysis of the determinants of lung oxygen diffusing capacity.

Abstract The process of pulmonary oxygen uptake is analyzed to obtain an explicit equation for lung oxygen diffusing capacity in terms of hematocrit and pulmonary capillary diameter. An axisymmetric model with discrete cylindrical erythrocytes is used to represent radial diffusion of oxygen from alveoli through the alveolar–capillary membrane into pulmonary capillaries, through the plasma, and into erythrocytes. Analysis of unsteady diffusion due to the passage of the erythrocytes shows that transport of oxygen through the alveolar–capillary membrane occurs mainly in the regions adjacent to erythrocytes, and that oxygen transport through regions adjacent to plasma gaps can be neglected. The model leads to an explicit formula for diffusing capacity as a function of geometric and oxygen transport parameters. For normal hematocrit and a capillary diameter of 6.75 μm, the predicted diffusing capacity is 102 ml O 2 min −1 mmHg −1 . This value is 30–40% lower than values estimated previously by the morphometric method, which considers the total membrane area and the specific uptake rate of erythrocytes. Diffusing capacity is shown to increase with increasing hematocrit and decrease with increasing capillary diameter and increasing thickness of the membrane. Simulations of pulmonary oxygen uptake in humans under conditions of exercise or hypoxia based show closer agreement with experimental data than previous models, but still overestimate oxygen uptake. The remaining discrepancy may reflect effects of heterogeneity of perfusion and ventilation in the lung.
Discourses of Ethnicity: Culture and Protest in Jharkhand

Introduction Ethnicity Metaphors, Realities, Discourses PART ONE: THE TERRAIN OF IDEAS The Conceptualization of Ethnicity PART TWO: REALITIES The Myth of the Tribe The Poverty of Development PART THREE: THE POLITICAL TERRAIN The Tradition of Protest The Experience of Unity Social Imagination and Practice PART FOUR: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL STRUGGLE Culture of Oppression and Culture of Protest Conclusion Ethnicity, Culture and the Anthropological Quest
Differences between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and bulimic symptoms in young women

Researchers have found some evidence of a link between narcissism and bulimia nervosa (BN). It is increasingly recognized, however, that there are two forms of narcissism: grandiose and vulnerable. Unfortunately, extant research on this relation has failed to distinguish between these forms. This is important as they differ in underlying traits, etiology, and outcomes. In the current study, we examined the relations between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and BN and tested whether the relation between vulnerable narcissism and BN is confounded by trait levels of neuroticism. As hypothesized, only vulnerable narcissism was related with BN symptoms and much of this relation was explained by neuroticism. Future research should examine what vulnerable narcissism adds to the prediction of BN above and beyond neuroticism.
Comparative Semiconductor Photophysics of II‐VI (CdS) and I‐VII (AgBr) Quantum Dots

When CdS and related II-VI direct bandgap materials form semiconductor clusters in which the absorbance properties are dominated by quantum size effects, the emission properties are particularly sensitive to surface defects, which are associated with the unfilled valence of surface Cd2+ ions. These mid-bandgap states result in large emission Stokes shifts. This shift can be overcome by binding ligand-like amines to the surface. By contrast, the more ionic I-VII materials (e.g., AgBr) show free exciton emission rather than surface defect emission. Since AgBr is an indirect bandgap material, the most obvious effect of size restriction is an increase in the free exciton probability which results from a breakdown in the momentum selection rules at small cluster size.
The elastic buckling of circular plates

Abstract How to compute upper and lower bound buckling loads based on potential energy and complementary potential energy methods is well known. The present paper is an extension of the method presented in Ref. (1), to deal with statically indeterminate problems of infinitely many degrees. The method presented here utilizes the Rayleigh quotient and an improved upper bound termed the Timoshenko quotient to obtain a lower bound.
Asymptotic Stress Field of a Mode III Crack Growing Along an Elastic/Elastic Power-Law Creeping Bimaterial Interface

The asymptotic stress field near the tip of a crack subjected to antiplane shear loading is analysed. The crack is growing quasi statically along an elastic/elastic power law creeping bimaterial interface. We find there is a separable solution
TH‐E‐ValB‐05: Analysis of Early Treatment Failure in Patients with Newly Diagnosed GBM Using Advanced MR Imaging

Purpose: To seek imagingcharacteristics predictive of early treatment failure (EF) following concurrent radiation/chemotherapy (RT/CHT) in patients with newly diagnosed GBM s/p surgical resection using advanced MRI techniques (3D1H spectroscopy (MRSI),diffusion weighted (DWI) and perfusion weighted (PWI) imaging). Methods and Materials: 26 patients were imaged at 1.5T prior to RT/CHT (pre‐RT) and immediately after RT (post‐RT). Analyzedimaging parameters included peak heights of choline (Cho), creatine, N‐acetyl‐aspartate (NAA), lactate and lipid; Cho‐to‐NAA (CNI), Cho‐to‐Cr (CCrI) indices and excess‐choline (Ex(Cho)); parametric maps of percent‐recovery and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated. Mutually exclusive morphologic abnormalities were contoured as contrast‐enhancement (CE), T2‐hyperintensity (T2), resection‐cavity, necrosis, and a reference for normal appearing white matter. Patients were categorized as EF if any new CE appeared or if the CE volume increased by >25% at post‐RT. Imaging parameters were subjected to a Wilcoxon Rank Sum to test statistical significance between EF and non‐EF. Results: 9/26 patients were classified as EF. Both patient groups did not differ statistically in terms of age, volume of CE or T2 at pre‐RT. There were trends to higher Cho, CNI, and Ex(Cho) for the EF group at pre‐RT, however, these did not reach statistical significance. Statistically significant findings within CE at post‐RT were mainly associated with Cho and related indices and included lower ADC and %recovery values suggesting higher cellularity and increased leakiness of vessels in the EF vs non‐EF group. Conclusion: Even though our preliminary data on 26 patients could not identify imaging parameters significantly different between EF and non‐EF patients at pre‐RT, the demonstrated trend encourages further evaluation of additional 31 additional patient data sets acquired at 3T in order to increase statistical power. In addition, the reported significant changes at post‐RT suggest that the parameters may be valuable in assessing treatment effects.
Endogenous agents in primary cell cultures with special reference to latent viruses.

A survey study of primary cell cultures prepared from primate and nonprimate tissues has shown that viruses are commonly found as endogenous agents in these cultures. Cultures prepared from monkey tissues yielded the greatest variety of virus isolates. Almost all strain 2 guinea pig cultures contained a Herpes-like virus, and both strain 2 and Hartley animals contained C-type virus. Bovine embryo and rabbit kidney cell cultures were rarely infected with viruses. Toxoplasmas and microfilariae were also detected. Most of the endogenous viral agents were obtained by holding the cultures for long-term incubation while testing for cytopathic effect, hemadsorption, and staining with hematoxylin and eosin for virus-induced cellular inclusions. Fluorescent antibody staining and electron microscopy were found to be efficient for detection of certain types of viruses. The screening of animals by testing for the presence of neutralizing antibody was not an effective procedure in selecting virus-free animals for cell culture purposes.
“I ain't changing anything”: A case-study of successful generation 1.5 immigrant college students' writing

Abstract The purpose of this case-study was to understand the relationship between success in college and L2 academic writing of three Generation 1.5 Russian-speaking middle-class college students and to describe the factors that could have contributed to the levels of academic literacy that these students developed. The following research questions were posed: What English academic writing skills do three successful G1.5 college students have and could these students' success in college be attributed to their (strong) academic writing skills? If it could, how did these students develop their academic writing skills in English? If it could not, how did these students succeed in college without strong academic writing skills in English? The study found that despite some serious problems uncovered in these college students' writing, they were able to earn a high academic reputation by enacting behaviors indicative of success in academia. These behaviors included assertiveness, self-confidence and ambition. It is argued in this paper that the successful academic socialization skills that these students were inculcated with as part of their cultural capital, made it possible for them to enjoy the level of success in higher education that may be considered incongruent with the quality of their written academic work.
Preliminary Design of a Calorimeter for Experimental Determination of Effective Absorptivity of Metal Substrates During Laser Powder Deposition

A thermal model of the laser powder deposition (LPD) process has been developed and tested. Results obtained from the model, however, are dependent upon the magnitude of the laser energy absorbed during the process. Although spectral absorptivities of metal surfaces are described in literature, during the LPD process, the powder increases the energy delivered to the substrate. There are no published data regarding this affect. Therefore, the SDSM&T Additive Manufacturing Laboratory (AML) is developing a calorimeter to experimentally investigate the affect of the powder on laser energy absorption at the metal substrate. The preliminary design is described in this paper with discussion on measures being taken to increase the accuracy of experimental data.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Loop headers in l-calculus or CPS

The introduction of a “loop header” block facilitates the hoisting of loop-invariant code from a loop. In a λ-calculus intermediate representation, which has a notion of scope, this transformation is particularly useful. Loop headers with scope also solve a problem with in-line expansion of recursive functions or loops: if done naively, only the first iteration is inlined. A loop header can encapsulate the loop or recursion for better in-line expansion. This optimization improves performance by about 5% in Standard ML of New Jersey.
Analgesic and gastrointestinal effects of epidural morphine in horses after laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy under general anesthesia

Abstract Objective To evaluate the hypothesis that epidural morphine (0.1 mg kg −1 ) decreases pain in horses after laparoscopic surgery without adversely affecting gastrointestinal (GI) motility. Study design Randomized clinical trial. Animals Eighteen horses undergoing laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy under general anesthesia. Methods Horses were randomly assigned to receive either epidural morphine (0.1 mg kg −1 ) or no epidural before the start of surgery. Pain behaviors were assessed during the first two post-operative days using a numerical rating scale. Barium-filled spheres were administered through a nasogastric tube before anesthesia. GI motility was assessed by recording manure production, by quantitating the spheres in the manure, and by abdominal auscultation of intestinal sounds. Heart rates and cortisol concentrations were also measured during the post-operative period. Results Pain scores increased for 12 hours after surgery in the control group and were significantly higher than in the morphine group for the first 6 hours. Pain scores remained unaltered in the morphine group throughout the observation period. Heart rate and plasma cortisol concentrations did not differ between groups or with time. No signs of colic were observed in any horse. Conclusion and clinical relevance Epidural morphine (0.1 mg kg −1 ) did not adversely affect GI motility in horses after laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia.
A Comment on Metacognitive Experiences and Consumer Choice

This commentary discusses the role that naive theories play in consumer judgment. It emphasizes deviation from expectations as a driver of metacognitive activity and discusses challenges involved in transposing Schwarz's (2004) elegant framework to the domain of consumer choice. The author concludes that the value of the metacognitive framework is limited when applied to choices, especially those for which subjective experience effects are driven by affect or emotions.
Generalized divergence and Gibbs' inequality

The so-called (directed) divergence between two probability distributions is a most important measure in information theory, and its non-negativity is usually knows as Gibbs' inequality. This paper presents a two-parameter generalization of this measure and inequality. An extension to the case of three probability distributions is also briefly discussed. Also, the case on continuous distributions is considered.
Intelligent manufacturing applications at Ford Motor Company

There is a common misconception that the automobile industry is slow to adapt new technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), into the manufacturing sector. In reality, many of the earliest adaptations of AI were in the automotive sector where such diverse technologies as expert systems, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and fuzzy logic were among the first to be used. In this paper we present an overview of how AI and knowledge-based technologies are currently being applied at Ford Motor Company within the manufacturing arena. Some of the applications that is described include an AI-based approach for vehicle assembly process planning, an application of AI for ergonomics analysis and a system that utilizes machine translation to translate assembly build instructions for Ford assembly plants that do not use English as their primary language. We also discuss how specific technologies, such as natural language processing, controlled languages, and ontologies, can be used to effectively deal with different types of knowledge, both structured and unstructured, that are prevalent in the manufacturing environment. The automobile industry is among the most competitive in the entire world, and the use of advanced technologies, is essential in the ongoing struggle to prosper in the global marketplace.
Understanding the Provision of Postretirement Health Care and Pension Benefits: Which Firm Characteristics Are Most Explanatory?

This article investigates the impact of firm work force characteristics, human resource practices, and external environmental attributes upon the likelihood that a company provides postretirement income and health care benefits. Using data from a national stratified random sample of 953 companies with 20 or more employees, logistic regression models were estimated to explore the impact of these three sets of variables on benefit provision. Results indicate that work force characteristics and human resources practices contribute considerably to the likelihood that these benefits are provided and that the impact of some of the more global characteristics, such as industry, diminishes in a fuller predictive model.
An extended cavitand with an introverted carboxylic acid

The condensation of a Kemp's triacid derivative with a diamino resorcinarene yielded a cavitand with the deepest cavity prepared to date featuring an inwardly-directed carboxylic acid. The extended 6,7-diaminoquinoxaline wall bearing the acid allowed accommodation of large amines, such as 1-adamantanemethylamine, as well as smaller amines such as triethylamine. Adamantyl and cyclohexyl isocyanides are also bound in the deep cavitand in a way that positions the isonitrile function near the carboxylic acid group. Reaction occurs inside the cavity at ambient temperature to form the respective N-acylformamides. Low concentrations of the transient O-acyl isoamide intermediate were detected by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy.