cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A non-linear theory for a full cavitating hydrofoil in a transverse gravity field

An analysis is made of the effect of a transverse gravity field on a two-dimensional fully cavitating flow past a flat-plate hydrofoil. Under the assumption that the flow is both irrotational and incompressible, a non-linear method is developed by using conformal mapping and the solution to a mixed-boundary-value problem in an auxiliary half plane. A new cavity model, proposed by Tulin (1964a), is employed. The solution to the gravity-affected case was found by iteration; the non-gravity solution was used as the initial trial of a rapidly convergent process. The theory indicates that the lift and cavity size are reduced by the gravity field. Typical results are presented and compared to Parkin's (1957) linear theory.
Constructing Culture Study Units: A Blueprint and Practical Tools

For years the leading voices in foreign language education have spoken to the issue of how to incorporate culture study in the second language classroom. There are essentially two schools of thought about culture study: a traditional “activity” approach and an “anthropology-process” model. Both schools have inspired innovative and successful techniques, yet seldom do the theorists of either group relate these to a specific language acquisition theory. A theoretical foundation for any model of culture study is important to practitioners, as it provides a blueprint according to which teachers can judge the adequacy of the activities in their repertoire. In this essay, I describe three integrated activities that students and teachers can use as tools to construct and evaluate a culture study unit at the novice level. I conclude with a summary of a psycholinguistic theory of language acquisition and append examples and evaluation forms.
Improving scheduling robustness via preprocessing and dynamic adaptation

We study methods to improve scheduling robustness under processing time variation. We propose a two-stage scheme that preprocesses the scheduling data to create a skeleton of a schedule and then completes it over time through dynamic adaptation. We focus our attention on the classical job shop scheduling problem. Preprocessing starts at the beginning of the planning period (at the time of scheduling) when a priori information becomes available on processing time uncertainty. We first decompose the job shop scheduling problem into network-structured subproblems using Lagrangian relaxation. For each subproblem, we introduce stochastic constraints that capture the processing time uncertainty. We incorporate the stochastic information in such a way that the subproblems retain their efficient network structure. Using a subgradient search algorithm, we iteratively improve the lower and upper bounds obtained from the Lagrangian relaxed problem, which produce a partial sequence of critical operations. This so-cal...
Regulation of Pattern Recognition Receptors by the Apolipoprotein A-I Mimetic Peptide 4F

Objective— The apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mimetic peptide 4F favors the differentiation of human monocytes to an anti-inflammatory phenotype and attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses. We investigated the effects of LPS on the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway in 4F-differentiated monocyte-derived macrophages. Methods and Results— Monocyte-derived macrophages were pretreated with 4F or vehicle for 7 days. 4F downregulated cell-surface TLRs (4, 5, and 6) as determined by flow cytometry. 4F attenuated the LPS-dependent upregulation of genes encoding TLR1, 2, and 6 and genes of the MyD88-dependent (CD14, MyD88, TRAF6, interleukin-1 receptor–associated kinase 4, and inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase beta) and MyD88-independent (interferon regulatory factor 3, TANK-binding kinase 1, and Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain–containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β) pathways as determined by microarray analysis and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Functional analyses of monocyte-derived macrophages showed that 4F reduced LPS-dependent TLR4 recycling, phosphorylation of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha, activation and translocation of nuclear factor-κB and inhibited the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 induced by LPS or lipoteichoic acid. These changes were associated with depletion of cellular cholesterol and caveolin, components of membrane lipid rafts. Conclusion— These data suggest that disruption of rafts by 4F alters the assembly of TLR–ligand complexes in cell membranes and inhibits proinflammatory gene expression in monocyte-derived macrophages, thus attenuating the responsiveness of macrophages to LPS.
The effects of COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors on prostaglandin synthesis and the formation of heterotopic bone in a rat model.

Introduction Traumatic heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common clinical condition associated with various orthopedic procedures that involve injury to soft tissues near bone. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the prophylactic effects of NSAID’s in the treatment of HO are mediated via inhibition of the COX-2 enzyme. Here we describe a rat model that simulates HO in the human that was used to test the above hypothesis.
Parent and sibling influences on adolescent alcohol use and misuse: evidence from a U.S. adoption cohort.

Objective: Although adolescent alcohol use has been consistently associated with parental drinking behavior, sibling drinking behavior and family functioning, the extent to which these associations owe to genetic or shared environmental influences has not been previously investigated. Using an adoption study design, we sought to determine whether the familial correlates of adolescent alcohol involvement were due to common genetic or common environmental effects. Method: The sample consisted of 653 adopted families ascertained through adoption agencies in four U.S. states. Each family consisted of a target adopted adolescent, an adoptive mother and an adoptive father. In addition, 68 birth adolescents (i.e., biological offspring of the adoptive parents) and 187 second adopted adolescents from these families participated in the study. All participants completed a mail survey that included assessment of drinking behavior and family functioning. Results: The relationship between parental problem drinking and ...
Death by neurologic criteria in a neonate: Implications for organ donation

We illustrate a unique case of neonatal organ donation in a full-term newborn with severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and multi-organ dysfunction that underwent therapeutic hypothermia. Prolonged hypothermia permitted adequate time for recovery of certain end-organs before such time that death by neurologic criteria was declared. Parental values aligned with the opportunity for organ donation.
Chronic Allergic Rhinitis in an Adult Male

Results of Other Diagnostic Procedures A bone marrow biopsy revealed normal cellularity with increased numbers of maturing eosinophilic forms [I1]. The blast count was not increased. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using locus specific probes for the t(9;22) BCR/ABL translocation showed a normal signal pattern in peripheral blood leukocytes. Questions: 1. What is(are) this patient’s most striking clinical and laboratory findings? 2. How do you explain this patient’s most striking clinical and laboratory findings? 3. How do you explain this patient’s bone marrow findings? Principal Laboratory Findings
Hepatitis C: Making Sense with or Without Symptoms

A scratchy feeling in the back of your throat is an early sign that you may be getting sick. Lay people’s knowledge of illness comes from such bodily changes. Do people with HCV experience any bodily changes or symptoms? According to the CDC, 80% of people who are diagnosed with hepatitis C (HCV) have no symptoms. How do HCV patients come to understand their illness and themselves in the absence of symptoms? Evidence from 307 illness narratives and 42 in-depth interviews suggests that HCV patients experience many bodily changes that scientific medicine does not recognize as symptoms. Symptoms and the lack thereof were powerful signifiers capable of altering the course of patients’ illness, stories, and their lives. The false construction of HCV as asymptomatic illness creates unnecessary ambiguities for patients already faced with an intimidating diagnosis.
Alan Turing: The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis

Alan Turing should have been a national hero in Great Britain after the Second World War; by his unique accomplishment in solving the code for a captured German encrypting device called “Enigma”, he saved more lives and treasure than any other of his countrymen. Yet his work was “Top Secret” and slated to remain so for another generation; he received no reward or recognition. To the contrary his then unacceptable life style and his naivete in social and political affairs led him afoul of British law. Faced with the choice between prison and pharmaceutical castration he accepted the latter and within a year was dead from the taste of an apple he had laced with cyanide, a macabre re-play of the fairy tale of Snow White.
Olfactory Mucosa as a Possible Source of Antipoliomyelitic Substances

pharynx, eventually to be swallowed or expectorated. Those portions of the film overlying non-ciliated areas appeared to be moved, as a result of traction, by the ciliated areas. Lucas,6 studying the direction of ciliary activity in the monkey, with a nasal cavity similar in general plan to that of man, observed that the film moves in a similar direction. The cilia bordering the olfactory epithelium beat more or less at right angles from the margin of this immobile area, providing a pattern of movement which may be of greatest significance in preventing the virus from reaching the olfactory area. Neutralizing bodies for poliomyelitis virus have been demonstrated as irregularly present in washings from the nasopharynx of man;' these have since been shown by Howitt4 not to run parallel to the neutralizing bodies in the serum. Burnet, Lush and Jacksons have more recently reported a nonspecific "viruReceived for publication, August 22, 1940. Aided by a grant from the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, Inc. 1. Flexner, S., and Lewis, P. A.: J.A.M.A. 54: 535, 1910; Flexner, S., and Clark, P. F.: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 10: 1, 1912; Harrington, H.: Poliomyelitis, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co., 1932; Schultz, E. W., and Gebhardt, L. P.: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 31: 728, 1934; Brodie, M., and Elvidge, A. R.: Science 79: 235, 1934; Howe, H. A., and Ecke, R. S.: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 37: 125, 1937; Sabin, A. B.: Infantile Paralysis, International Bull. A 40, 1939-40, p. 45. 2. Kling, C., Wernstedt, W., and Pettersson, A.: Ztschr. f. Immunittitsforsch. u. exper. Therap. 12: 657, 1912; Flexner, S.: J.A.M.A. 99: 1244, 1932; Trask, J. D., and Paul, J. R.: J. Bact. 31: 527, 1936; Howitt, B.: Science 85: 268, 1937; German, W. J., and Trask, J. D.: J. Exper. Med. 68: 125, 1938; Trask, J. D.: Infantile Paralysis, International Bull. A 40, 1939-40, p. 41; Sabin, A. B.; Infantile Paralysis, International Bull. A 40, 1939-40, p. 45. 3. Sabin, A. B. and Olitsky, P. K.: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 34: 357, 1936; J.A.M.A. 108: 21, 1937; J. Exper. Med. 68: 39, 1938; Lennette, E. H., and Hudson, N. P.: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 32: 1444, 1935; Armstrong, C.: Pub. Health Rep. 51: 241, 1936. 4. Park, W. H.: J.A.M.A. 99: 1050, 1932; Howitt, B. F.: J. Infect. Dis. 60: 113, 1937. 5. Arch. Otolaryng. 15: 92, 1932. 6. Am. J. Anat. 50: 141, 1932. 7. Amoss, H. L., and Taylor, E.: J. Exper. Med. 25: 507, 1917. 8. Brit. J. Exper. Path. 20: 377, 1939.
Parameter Identification in Ecological Systems via Discontinuous and Singular Control Regimes

Policy decisions regarding commercial harvesting of aquatic species by (typically governmental) regulatory agencies are often based in part upon field data, simulation results, and mathematical models. Regulatory agencies may limit or expand seasons, determine total harvest allowed, increase or decrease licensure fees, and raise or lower taxation rates in response to the state of the ecological system. Ultimately, the regulatory agency uses such measures to ensure viable populations in an attempt to balance ecosystem health and benefits for society. Such decisions impact commercial fishing ventures affecting the nature of harvesting efforts and their intensity. Conclusions drawn from mathematical models of ecological systems, and derived simulation results which affect this reality are highly dependent upon the validity of information available. Knowledge or estimates of critical parameters such as intrinsic growth rate, carrying capacity, etc. and dynamic variables such as biomass levels dictate the usefulness of analytical and numerical analyses. The purpose of this treatment is to illustrate that control laws applied to mathematical models of species dynamics may be used to discern estimates of parameters that inherently exist in such models in an effort to provide more valuable information upon which to base policy decisions. Dynamic models of both single-species evolution and predator-prey interactions are examined.© 2012 ASME
Global DEM Errors Underpredict Coastal Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise and Flooding

Elevation data based on NASA’s Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) have been widely used to evaluate threats from global sea level rise, storm surge, and coastal floods. However, SRTM data are known to include large vertical errors in densely urban or densely vegetated areas. The errors may propagate to derived land and population exposure assessments. We compare assessments based on SRTM data against references employing high-accuracy bare-earth elevation data generated from lidar data available for coastal areas of the United States. We find that both 1-arcsecond and 3-arcsecond horizontal resolution SRTM data systemically underestimate exposure across all assessed spatial scales and up to at least 10m above the high tide line. At 3m, 1-arcsecond SRTM underestimates U.S. population exposure by more than 60%, and under-predicts population exposure in 90% of coastal states, 87% of counties, and 83% of municipalities. These fractions increase with elevation, but error medians and variability fall to lower levels, with national exposure underestimated by just 24% at 10m. Results using 3-arcsecond SRTM are extremely similar. Coastal analyses based on SRTM data thus appear to greatly underestimate sea level and flood threats, especially at lower elevations. However, SRTM-based estimates may usefully be regarded as providing lower bounds to actual threats. We additionally assess the performance of NOAA’s Global Land One-km Base Elevation Project (GLOBE), another publicly-available global DEM, but do not reach any definitive conclusion because of the spatial heterogeneity in its quality.
The Phenomenological Characterization of DP-1 Membranes

During the past few years, great interest and active research have been directed to desalination of brackish water and seawater via reverse osmosis. Until recently cellulose acetate membranes were the only practical desalinating membranes developed; however, with the discovery of permselective, aromatic, nitrogen-containing polymeric membranes by Richter and Hoehn[1], a whole new class of practical reverse osmotic membranes is available. These new membranes are superior to cellulose acetate membranes with respect to their permeation characteristics and polymer properties.
Urological Complications of Renal Transplantation Can Be Prevented or Controlled

AbstractOur incidence of urological complications in 860 consecutive renal transplants is 3.4 per cent. A further reduction in incidence is demonstrated in the most recent 250 transplants of this series. Urological complications have been kept to a minimum by strict adherence to certain principles in donor nephrectomy, management of multiple and small arteries, and the technique of graft implantation.When urological complications were suspected early and judicious use of 131I hippurate scintiphotographic techniques has proved to be the most helpful method to evaluate patients. If a urological complication did occur prompt recognition and treatment were responsible for a high rate of graft salvage, low incidence of sepsis and absence of patient mortality.
Laparoscopic-assisted abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

Since the advent of laparoscopy, the sweeping changes seen in general surgery have not been paralleled in vascular surgery. There have been case reports of laparoscopic-assisted aortobifemoral bypass for occlusive disease. Because aneurysmal disease comprises the majority of aortic surgery, we pursued animal and cadaveric feasibility studies for laparoscopic-assisted abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. We present a case report of the first clinical case performed under Institutional Review Board protocol using this technique. The patient was a 62-year-old male with a 6-cm infrarenal AAA. After obtaining a pneumoperitoneum, a modified fish retractor was used to exclude the bowel. Ten 11-mm ports provided access to laparoscopically dissect the neck of the aneurysm and the iliac vessels. Then, a 10-cm minilaparotomy was performed and standard vascular clamps were inserted via the port incisions. Standard aneurysmorraphy was performed with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tube graft. Laparoscopy conferred three major benefits: better visualization of the aneurysm neck, less bowel manipulation, and avoidance of hypothermia. This case report illustrates the feasibility of laparoscopic-assisted aneurysm repair. Controlled human studies will define the role of laparoscopy in AAA surgery.
Coupled bright solitons in the normal dispersion regime in whispering-gallery-mode resonators

We study nonlinear mode coupling in whispering gallery mode resonators. We computationally show the formation of trains of mode-locked bright solitons in the normal dispersion regime under particular conditions.
Deciphering the Stochastic Kinetics of Gene Regulation

Gene activity is the prime mover in the living cell, driving a cell's function at any given time. I will report on recent advances in our ability to describe the stochastic kinetics of gene regulation, achieved through the combination of single-molecule fluorescence microscopy in individual cells, novel image analysis algorithms, and theoretical modeling. We apply our approach to explore gene regulation in a number of model organisms representing a gradation of complexity: E. coli bacteria, Drosophila embryos and mouse embryonic stem cells.
PROTC: PROTeCting Drone's Peripherals through ARM TrustZone

As of Mar 2017, the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) has more than 750k registered drone users. Safety of drones is the most crucial issue while designing drones. Most prior research focuses on aspects of the drone piloting system, drone applications, and drone cyber security. However, there lacks a system level protection for drone's essential peripherals. Several rootkits such as motochopper show that a commodity operating system is not safe, and the OS kernel can be easily compromised, such that the malicious applications can take control of the drone. We propose a new mechanism PROTC to protect the essential peripherals from being maliciously accessed. The protection is abstracted through the feature of ARM TrustZone. PROTC implements a trusted computing block within ARM TrustZone that enforces secure access control policy for the essential protected peripherals of the drone. The hardware protection from ARM TrustZone ensures that the trusted computing block of PROTC that runs privileged instructions is isolated from drone OS. PROTC successfully shows that only authorized applications can access drone's protected peripherals.
Complex Case: Rota Gutter in RCA

A 75-year-old man with a history of CAD with prior CABG, DM, HTN, and CKD presented with NSTEMI. While the left-sided system was well revascularized, the graft to the RCA was occluded and the decision was made to perform PCI on the heavily calcified and tortuous RCA. With a “shepherd’s crook” at the proximal RCA, rotational atherectomy was attempted, but likely led to the complication of formation of a “gutter.” Guttering is a known complication of rotational atherectomy and can be treated conservatively or aggressively.
Diversity in pitch perception revealed by task dependence

Pitch conveys critical information in speech, music, and other natural sounds, and is conventionally defined as the perceptual correlate of a sound's fundamental frequency (F0). Although pitch is widely assumed to be subserved by a single F0 estimation process, real-world pitch tasks vary enormously, raising the possibility of underlying mechanistic diversity. To probe pitch mechanisms we conducted a battery of pitch-related music and speech tasks using conventional harmonic sounds and inharmonic sounds whose frequencies lack a common F0. Some pitch-related abilities - those relying on musical interval or voice recognition - were strongly impaired by inharmonicity, suggesting a reliance on F0. However, other tasks, including those dependent on pitch contours in speech and music, were unaffected by inharmonicity, suggesting a mechanism that tracks the frequency spectrum rather than the F0. The results suggest that pitch perception is mediated by several different mechanisms, only some of which conform to traditional notions of pitch.
Beyond a Fad: Why Video Games Should Be Part of 21st Century Libraries

We believe video games have a place in libraries. We start by describing two provocative video games. Next, we offer a framework for the general mission of libraries, including access, motivation, and guidance. As a medium, video games have some distinguishing traits: they are visual, interactive, and based on simulations. We explain how these traits require and reward some traditional and new literacies. Furthermore, people play video games for at least three reasons: immersion, challenge, and connection. Finally, we offer guidelines and examples for how librarians can integrate video games into library collections and programming.
Laços Desfeitos: Os dramas familiares em Lygia Fagundes Telles e Lya Luft

Este artigo se propoe a realizar uma analise interpretativa, tracando um estudo comparativo da representacao da familia na producao literaria das escritoras Lygia Fagundes Telles e Lya Luft. Nosso objetivo foi investigar como as personagens lidam com os mais diversos temas que cercam a familia na qual estao inseridas como, por exemplo, os padroes impostos pela sociedade, a decadencia de valores, a traicao e a morte. Trata-se uma pesquisa bibliografica de carater analitico e interpretativo, cujo corpus foi composto por um conto, “O espartilho”, de Lygia Fagundes Telles (2010); e o romance A asa esquerda do anjo, de Lya Luft (2004). As ideias e discussoes apresentadas estao baseadas em teoricos e criticos como Bachelard (1989), Beauvoir (2016), Chevalier (2012), Xavier (2017) e Lucena (2013, 2015), entre outros, que nos possibilitaram entender o quanto a tematica da familia e instigante nas obras dessas autoras, abrindo-nos um leque de possibilidades de estudos.
Cadmium Nephrotoxicity Is Associated with Altered MicroRNA Expression in the Rat Renal Cortex

Cadmium (Cd) is a nephrotoxic environmental pollutant that causes a generalized dysfunction of the proximal tubule characterized by polyuria and proteinuria. Even though the effects of Cd on the kidney have been well-characterized, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects have not been fully elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate cellular and physiologic function by modulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The goal of the present study was to determine if Cd affects renal cortex miRNA expression in a well-established animal model of Cd-induced kidney injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with subcutaneous injections of either isotonic saline or CdCl2 (0.6 mg/kg) 5 days a week for 12 weeks. The 12-week Cd-treatment protocol resulted in kidney injury as determined by the development of polyuria and proteinuria, and a significant increase in the urinary biomarkers Kim-1, β2 microglobulin and cystatin C. Total RNA was isolated from the renal cortex of the saline control and Cd treated animals, and differentially expressed miRNAs were identified using µParafloTM microRNA microarray analysis. The microarray results demonstrated that the expression of 44 miRNAs were significantly increased and 54 miRNAs were significantly decreased in the Cd treatment group versus the saline control (t-test, p ≤ 0.05, N = 6 per group). miR-21-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-146b-5p, miR-149-3p, miR-224-5p, miR-451-5p, miR-1949, miR-3084a-3p, and miR-3084c-3p demonstrated more abundant expression and a significant two-fold or greater increased expression in the Cd-treatment group versus the saline control group. miR-193b-3p, miR-455-3p, and miR-342-3p demonstrated more abundant expression and a significant two-fold or greater decreased expression in the Cd-treatment group versus the saline control group. Real-time PCR validation demonstrated (1) a significant (t-test, p ≤ 0.05, N = 6 per group) increase in expression in the Cd-treated group for miR-21-5p (2.7-fold), miR-34a-5p (10.8-fold), miR-146b-5p (2-fold), miR-224-5p (10.2-fold), miR-3084a-3p (2.4-fold), and miR-3084c-3p (3.3-fold) and (2) a significant (t-test, p ≤ 0.05, N = 6 per group) 52% decrease in miR-455-3p expression in the Cd-treatment group. These findings demonstrate that Cd significantly alters the miRNA expression profile in the renal cortex and raises the possibility that dysregulated miRNA expression may play a role in the pathophysiology of Cd-induced kidney injury. In addition, these findings raise the possibility that Cd-dysregulated miRNAs might be used as urinary biomarkers of Cd exposure or Cd-induced kidney injury.
Interaction Flows Due to Supersonic Secondary Jets

The technology of propulsive systems draws on a substantial body of formal fluid mechanical theory. The design of exhaust nozzles, turbine and compressor blade cascades, the analysis of the design-point operation of subsonic and supersonic inlets, etc., involve mathematically sophisticated solutions of the fluid motion and aero-thermochemical coupling between it and the medium. As difficult as some of these problems are, their basic formulation is usually reasonable clear. With enough effort, a theoretical framework can be developed and extended by controlled experimental work.
Website Design Elements and Online Shopping Behavior of Korean Consumers: An Exploration Based on the S-O-R Paradigm

To date, to our knowledge, no study has focused on South Korean consumers' response to website design and their online shopping behavior. Therefore, the present study explored the relationship between aforementioned constructs. Based on extant literature related to the S-O-R and online shopping, a conceptual framework with 12 hypotheses that are positively related were proposed. To test the model, structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was employed. First, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted, which had adequate model fit indices; followed by causal model testing. The fit indices as per SEM were deemed adequate (I‡2= 1667.45, df = 434, CFI = .88, TLI =.86, RMSEA = .07). Of the 12 proposed hypotheses, 6 hypotheses were supported at various p-values of statistical significance. The results showed that brand loyalty is strongly associated with brand's web design elements than the former construct. Furthermore, brand consciousness is a strong driver of shopping intentions, which was not so in the case of brand loyalty.
Epilepsy and intellectual disabilities

Abstract Persons with intellectual disability (ID) form a relevant proportion of all persons with epilepsy and vice versa. This special subgroup displays unique needs. Health care providers (HCPs) face challenges: Patients may have limited capacity of verbal expression, cooperate less, and have additional physical handicaps. Physicians, nurses, and other professionals have to acquire the expertise to treat this important patient group adequately. Life expectancy is increasing, but mortality is still high in persons with epilepsy and ID. Comorbidities have to be considered. This applies to somatic and psychiatric behavioral disorders, respectively. Persons with certain syndromes—for example, tuberous sclerosis complex—present with specific comorbidities. Drug treatment follows generally the same principles that rule epilepsy therapy in general. An increased susceptibility to side effects has to be considered. The presence of ID must not preclude referral to a presurgical monitoring if indicated. As far as antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment is concerned, HCPs must have knowledge about side effects. These may present atypically in this patient group, and symptoms may be an expression of the interaction of syndrome and AED. In conclusion, ID is a comorbidity of epilepsy that presents with special challenges but also with many options.
Synthesis of N-(2-Hydroxy-1-phenoxyacetyl)- prolylproline and Related Cation Binding and Molecular Mechanics Studies

The synthesis of N-(2-hydroxy-1-phenoxyacetyl)prolylproline 2 from 2-acetoxyphen-oxyacetic acid is described. A firstsynthesis led toN-(2-acetoxy-1-phenoxyacetyl)prolylproline methylester 8b that fragmented upon attempted esterhydrolysis with 1N NaOH. A second synthesis gave thecorresponding benzyl ester 13, which wasconverted to 2 by deacylation of the phenolicacetoxy group with pyrrolidine followed byhydrogenolysis of the ester. Cation binding by 2 in methanol and related molecular mechanics (MM)geometric optimizations are discussed.
2 – Cardiac Lineages

Publisher Summary To understand the molecular mechanisms that govern sequentially programmed development and integration of these subcardiac components during heart formation in higher vertebrates, it is essential to define their lineage relationships and migration patterns within the embryo. Molecular and cell biological approaches have uncovered the potentiality or plasticity of embryonic cells in their lineage commitment and terminal differentiation,whereas genetics has been powerful in identifying genes or gene networks involved in these processes. Clone-based cell lineage data, together with fate mapping on a group of cells, define the timing and site at which embryos really induce the cardiac lineages and their differentiation and patterning. Except for neural crest derivatives, the lineage relationships of all cell types in the heart have been identified. It is found that each cardiac cell type is established by lineage diversification of embryonic cells, which arise from one of three distinct origins: cardiogenic mesoderm, neural crest, or proepicardium.
1734 Resection of a Retroperitoneal Mature Teratoma Causing Severe Urinary Symptoms

Video Objective The objective of this video is to depict a robotic assisted laparoscopic resection of a retroperitoneal mass, showing a unique case where compression on the pelvic splanchnic nerves produced severe urinary symptoms in a patient which resolved immediately after the procedure. It also shows a rare case of extraogonadal retroperitoneal mature teratoma. Setting The patient is a 28 yo G1P1 who presented to care for worsening left lower quadrant pain and pressure, urinary frequency, urgency and hourly nocturia. History is significant for dysmenorrhea, abdominoplasty and acne taking spironolactone. Imaging revealed a mildly complex mass in the cul-de-sac measuring 10.6 × 8.3 × 7.3 cm, without thickening or nodularity, probably cystic and arising from the left ovary. She underwent laparoscopy for planned excision which was aborted as a retroperitoneal mass was identified involving the cul-de-sac and left pelvic sidewall without involvement of the ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus. She was then referred to Gynecologic Oncology, Neurosurgery and then by Urogynecology. Interventions She underwent a robotic assisted laparoscopic removal of the left retroperitoneal mass with care to avoid use of excessive cautery, excision of endometriosis, left ureterolysis, enterolysis, peritoneal biopsy and cystoscopy with a intraoperative left ureteral stent placed by Urology, removed at the end of the case. After removal of the mass her urinary symptoms and pelvic pain completely resolved. Her postoperative course was uncomplicated. Pathologic findings of the retroperitoneal mass were consistent with a mature teratoma. Conclusion The retroperitoneal teratoma compressed the inferior hypogastric plexus which led to the patient's symptoms. Careful dissection of the pararectal and paravesical space was performed to cause minimal damage to the inferior hypogastric plexus and surrounding nerves with complete resolution of symptoms. Limited use of electrocautery was employed to avoid thermal damage. Extragonadal teratoma is a rare finding.
Materials sovereignty: Pathways for shaping nanotechnology design

People in contemporary industrial societies encounter countless novel materials that did not exist previously, many of which present risks to health and environment. In this article, we build on the concept of “materials sovereignty” as the right of people to use and be surrounded by environmentally benign, non-toxic, and renewing materials in their everyday lives. As a rights-based approach, materials sovereignty may help change the politics of governing materials. We suggest that social movements that explicitly base interventions into design on materials sovereignty may be better able to gain traction in changing industrial production. We consider the case of nanotechnology as a particularly challenging field for social movement intervention. We review several pathways that have been used by social movement organizations in attempts to influence the development of nanomaterials, but which have met with limited success. We more closely examine three participatory pathways through which social movements could intervene more directly into material design: participatory technology assessment, collaboration with industry, and co-design. We identify three key elements of materials sovereignty: participatory knowledge systems, which create multi-directional flows of knowledge and agency; the embedding of citizen voices into design processes; and building accountability systems. Of the pathways we examine here, co-design appears to be the most promising from a theoretical and ethical perspective, but there remain significant institutional and organizational challenges for bringing it into practice.
Peer support services in family reunification process in child welfare: perceptions of parents and family coaches

Despite the fact that family reunification remains the foremost permanency-planning goal for children in the child welfare system, reunification is not always successful and reentry into foster car...
Abstract 3584: CENPA, MYBL2, and FOXM1 are identified as key transcriptional regulators in lung adenocarcinoma using TENET 2.0

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, with lung adenocarcinoma being the most common subtype. Although a number of genetic alterations have been identified as potential drivers in lung adenocarcinoma, there is still a large gap in our understanding of tumor development. Epigenetic alterations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of tumors. To identify epigenetic alterations that drive lung adenocarcinoma, we used an improved version of the Tracing Enhancer Networks using Epigenetic Traits method (TENET 2.0) in primary normal lung and lung adenocarcinoma cells. We identified over 17,000 enhancers that appear activated in lung adenocarcinoma but not in normal lung and linked the activity of these enhancers to transcriptional regulators. We identified that CENPA, MYBL2, and FOXM1 are key transcriptional regulators activated in a subgroup of lung adenocarcinomas and they are linked to numerous cancer-specific enhancers. High expression of these regulators is associated with poor patient survival. In addition, we identified individual enhancers that are linked to these regulators and whose increased activities are strongly associated with poor patient survival. Knockdown experiments of MYBL2 and FOXM1 suggested that they regulate genes involved in controlling cell cycle progression and cell division. We also showed that high expression of TK1, a presumed target gene of a MYBL2-linked enhancer, is strongly associated with poor patient survival. Identification and characterization of key transcriptional regulators and associated cancer-specific enhancers in lung adenocarcinoma provides important insights into the deregulation of lung adenocarcinoma transcriptomes and novel potential targets for clinical intervention. Citation Format: Daniel J. Mullen, Chunli Yan, Diane S. Kang, Beiyun Zhou, Zea Borok, Crystal N. Marconett, Peggy J. Farnham, Ite A. Offringa, Suhn K. Rhie. CENPA, MYBL2, and FOXM1 are identified as key transcriptional regulators in lung adenocarcinoma using TENET 2.0 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3584.
A Systematic Review of Cognitive Event-related Potentials in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract This systematic review examined whether event-related potentials (ERPs) during higher cognitive processing can detect subtle, early signs of neurodegenerative disease. Original, empirical studies retrieved from PsycINFO and PubMed were reviewed if they analyzed patterns in cognitive ERPs (≥150 ms post-stimulus) differentiating mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), or cognitively intact elders who carry AD risk through the Apolipoprotein-E e4 allele (e4+) from healthy older adult controls (HC). The 100 studies meeting inclusion criteria (MCI = 47; AD = 47; e4+ = 6) analyzed N200, P300, N400, and occasionally, later components. While there was variability across studies, patterns of reduced amplitude and delayed latency were apparent in pathological aging, consistent with AD-related brain atrophy and cognitive impairment. These effects were particularly evident in advanced disease progression (i.e., AD > MCI) and in later ERP components measured during complex tasks. Although ERP studies in intact e4+ elders are thus far scarce, a similar pattern of delayed latency was notable, along with a contrasting pattern of increased amplitude, consistent with compensatory neural activation. This limited work suggests ERPs might be able to index early neural changes indicative of future cognitive decline in otherwise healthy elders. As ERPs are also accessible and affordable relative to other neuroimaging methods, their addition to cognitive assessment might substantively enhance early identification and characterization of neural dysfunction, allowing opportunity for earlier differential diagnosis and targeting of intervention. To evaluate this possibility there is urgent need for well-powered studies assessing late cognitive ERPs during complex tasks, particularly in healthy elders at risk for cognitive decline.
Drs. Rasmussen and Scofield reply

Cafaro and colleagues1 have studied focus score (FS)-negative (that is, < 1 focus of ≥ 50 lymphocytes per 4 mm2) to FS-positive (≥ 1 focus per 4 mm2) Sjogren syndrome (SS) patients2 in a manner similar to our recent study3 As in our study, there was evidence of B cell hyperreactivity among those subjects with a positive minor salivary gland biopsy, although the details of this finding varied between the 2 studies.
A Word About Numbers

“Data-driven management” is a popular catchphrase, but it is nonsense. Data is a raw material and it should not drive anything. Before data can be useful it must be converted into knowledge.
Does Data Augmentation Benefit from Split BatchNorms.

Data augmentation has emerged as a powerful technique for improving the performance of deep neural networks and led to state-of-the-art results in computer vision. However, state-of-the-art data augmentation strongly distorts training images, leading to a disparity between examples seen during training and inference. In this work, we explore a recently proposed training paradigm in order to correct for this disparity: using an auxiliary BatchNorm for the potentially out-of-distribution, strongly augmented images. Our experiments then focus on how to define the BatchNorm parameters that are used at evaluation. To eliminate the train-test disparity, we experiment with using the batch statistics defined by clean training images only, yet surprisingly find that this does not yield improvements in model performance. Instead, we investigate using BatchNorm parameters defined by weak augmentations and find that this method significantly improves the performance of common image classification benchmarks such as CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet. We then explore a fundamental trade-off between accuracy and robustness coming from using different BatchNorm parameters, providing greater insight into the benefits of data augmentation on model performance.
An RNA Repair Operon Regulated by Damaged tRNAs

Many bacteria contain an RNA repair operon, encoding the RtcB RNA ligase and the RtcA RNA cyclase, that is regulated by the RtcR transcriptional activator. Although RtcR contains a divergent version of the CARF (CRISPR-associated Rossman fold) oligonucleotide-binding regulatory domain, both the specific signal that regulates operon expression and the substrates of the encoded enzymes are unknown. We report that tRNA fragments activate operon expression. Using a genetic screen in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, we find that the operon is expressed in the presence of mutations that cause tRNA fragments to accumulate. RtcA, which converts RNA phosphate ends to 2', 3'-cyclic phosphate, is also required. Operon expression and tRNA fragment accumulation also occur upon DNA damage. The CARF domain binds 5' tRNA fragments ending in cyclic phosphate, and RtcR oligomerizes upon binding these ligands, a prerequisite for operon activation. Our studies reveal a signaling pathway involving broken tRNAs and implicate the operon in tRNA repair.
Cost and complications associated with implant-supported overdentures with a resilient-attachment system: A retrospective study.

Abstract Statement of problem Implant-supported overdentures with a splinted or nonsplinted attachment system have been a successful treatment option for edentulous mandibles with excessive hard tissue resorption. Currently, the 2 most common treatment approaches for an implant overdenture uses either a bar attachment system (splinted) or resilient (LOCATOR)-attachment system (nonsplinted). The LOCATOR-attachment system is often chosen for the lower initial cost. However, whether the ongoing maintenance costs of the LOCATOR-attachment system increase the overall cost of this system is unclear. Purpose The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the frequency of maintenance procedures, complications, and costs associated with the LOCATOR-supported overdenture treatment. Material and methods The retrospective data of 75 patients who had received implant-supported overdentures with LOCATOR-attachments at the University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine in the previous 10 years were collected and screened to evaluate the number of maintenance visits, type of complications, and cost (actual fees for the service) of the maintenance visits. The data were analyzed, and the mean values calculated. Results The average number of maintenance visits was 7.7 in the mean observation time of 5.2 years. Replacement of the attachment was the most frequent complication (63%). The average maintenance cost charged to the patient for maintenance was 56.2% ($795) of the initial cost over the average 5.2 years of follow-up. The average total maintenance cost (actual fees for the service) was 95.4% ($1349) of the initial cost over the average of 5.2 years of follow-up. The average maintenance cost adjusted or lost over the 5.2 years follow-up was 39.2%. Conclusions The 5-year costs for the maintenance of mandibular overdentures with a LOCATOR-attachment system were equal to or higher than the initial cost of the treatment. The number of maintenance visits and the cost were higher for patients who were older than 75 years
The antioxidant response in Barrett's tumorigenesis: A double-edged sword

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is the dominant form of esophageal malignancies in the United States and other industrialized countries. The incidence of EAC has been rising rapidly during the past four decades. Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the main precancerous condition for EAC, where a metaplastic columnar epithelium replaces normal squamous mucosa of the lower esophagus. The primary risk factor for BE and EAC are chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), obesity and smoking. During the BE-dysplasia-EAC sequence, esophageal cells are under a tremendous burden of accumulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. While normal cells have intact antioxidant machinery to maintain a balanced anti-tumorigenic physiological response, the antioxidant capacity is compromised in neoplastic cells with a pro-tumorigenic development antioxidant response. The accumulation of ROS, during the neoplastic progression of the GERD-BE-EAC sequence, induces DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. Neoplastic cells adapt to oxidative stress by developing a pro-tumorigenic antioxidant response that keeps oxidative damage below lethal levels while promoting tumorigenesis, progression, and resistance to therapy. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings on oxidative stress in tumorigenesis in the context of the GERD-BE-EAC process. We will discuss how EAC cells adapt to increased ROS. We will review APE1 and NRF2 signaling mechanisms in the context of EAC. Finally, we will discuss the potential clinical significance of applying antioxidants or NRF2 activators as chemoprevention and NRF2 inhibitors in treating EAC patients.
Sepsis leads to lasting changes in phenotype and function of memory CD8 T cells.

A dirty cut, a nasty burn, a severe COVID infection; there are many ways for someone to develop sepsis. This life-threatening condition emerges when the immune system overreacts to a threat and ends up damaging the body. Even when patients survive, they are often left with a partially impaired immune system that cannot adequately protect against microbes and cancer; this is known as immunoparalysis. Memory CD8 T cells, a type of immune cell that is compromised by sepsis, are a long-lived population of cells that ‘remember’ previous infection or vaccination, and then react faster to prevent the same illness if the person ever encounters the same threat again. Yet it is unclear how exactly sepsis harms the function and representation of memory CD8 T cells, and the immune system in general. Jensen et al. investigated this question, first by showing that sepsis leads to a profound loss of memory CD8 T cells, but that surviving memory CD8 T cells multiply quickly – especially a subpopulation known as central memory CD8 T cells – to re-establish the memory CD8 T cell population. Since the central memory CD8 T cells proliferate better than the other memory T cells this alters the overall composition of the pool of memory CD8 T cells, with central memory cells becoming overrepresented. Further experiments revealed that this biasing toward central memory T cells, due to sepsis, created long-term changes in the distribution of memory CD8 T cells throughout the body. The way the genetic information of these cells was packaged had also been altered, as well as which genes were switched on or off. Overall, these changes reduced the ability of memory CD8 T cells to control infections. Together, these findings help to understand how immunoparalysis can emerge after sepsis, and what could be done to correct it. These findings could also be applied to other conditions – such as COVID-19 – which may cause similar long-term changes to the immune system.