cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermally conductive carbon filled nylon 6,6

Increasing the thermal conductivity of typically insulating polymers, such as nylon 6,6, opens new markets. A thermally conductive resin can be used for heat sink applications. This research focused on performing compounding runs followed by injection molding and through-plane thermal conductivity testing of carbon filled nylon 6,6 based resins. The three carbon fillers investigated included an electrically conductive carbon black, synthetic graphite particles, and a surface treated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon fiber. Conductive resins were produced and tested that contained varying amounts of these single carbon fillers. In addition, combinations of fillers were investigated by conducting a full 23 factorial design and a complete replicate. The objective of this paper was to determine the effects and interactions of each filler on the thermal conductivity of the resins. Synthetic graphite particles caused the largest increase in composite thermal conductivity. In addition, all the single fillers and combinations of fillers caused a statistically significant (at the 95% confidence level) increase in composite thermal conductivity. Polym. Compos. 25:186–193, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
X-ray diffraction study of the smectic-A-tilde fluid antiphase and its transitions to smectic-A1 and smectic-A2 phases.

A high-resolution x-ray diffraction study has been carried out on a binary liquid crystal mixture of pentylphenylcyanobenzoyloxy benzoate (${\mathrm{DB}}_{5}$CN) and cyanobenzoyloxypentyl stilbene (${\mathrm{C}}_{5}$ stilbene) that is 49.5 mole % ${\mathrm{C}}_{5}$ stilbene. This mixture exhibits on cooling the phase sequence monolayer smectic-A (${\mathrm{SmA}}_{1}$)--smectic-A fluid antiphase (Sm\~A)--bilayer smectic-A (${\mathrm{SmA}}_{2}$). We observe the presence of a broad coexistence region between the Sm\~A phase and the ${\mathrm{SmA}}_{2}$ phase, contrary to previous work which reported a smectic-A crenelated phase. The behavior of the smectic-A fluid antiphase ordering and the evolution of the system to Sm${\mathit{A}}_{2}$ order via a two-phase coexistence region are described in detail. Our results are compatible with previous high-resolution heat capacity measurements on the same sample.
Copper absorption in healthy young men: studies with stable isotope 65Cu and neutron activation analysis

Abstract 1. A method based on Radiochemical Neutron Activation Analysis (RNAA) was developed to measure accurately fecal excretion of both stable isotopes ( 63 Cu, 65 Cu) of copper in human stools simultaneously. 2. It was shown that analysis of isotopic content of human feces could be carried out with analytical precisions (coefficient of variation) within ±1-2% which is necessary if stable isotopes of copper are to be employed in human metabolic studies. 3. Kinetics of fecal excretion of single or multiple doses of ingested 65 Cu (enrichment 99.69%) were examined in four healthy young adults and it was shown that re-entry of the absorbed dose into the GI tract could be detected. 4. Limited data on absorption of 65 CuCl 2 administered in the postabsorptive state were obtained for four healthy young adults and the results were discussed in relation to other reported values of copper absorption.
Endoscopies in Pediatric Small Intestinal Transplant Recipients: Five Years Experience

Objective: Intestinal transplantation has become an option as a treatment for permanent intestinal failure. Endoscopy is an essential tool in assessing the intestinal allograft after intestinal transplantation. The aim of this study was to analyze our experience using endoscopy in intestinal transplant recipients. Methods: This was a retrospective review of endoscopic and histological reports in 41 children who received an intestinal transplant between 1990 and 1995 at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. Results: A total of 1273 endoscopics was performed of which 760 were ileoscopies via allograft ileostomy, 273 were upper endoscopics, and 240 were colonoscopies. One hundred four rejection episodes were documented histologically in 32 patients, 6 days to > 4 yr after transplantation. Most episodes were mild and easily treated with increased immunosuppression; however severe rejection with mucosal exfoliation was seen in nine patients. Rejection sometimes involved only part of the allograft. Endoscopic appearance alone without biopsies was sensitive enough to diagnose only 63% of the rejection episodes. Epstein-Barr and cytomegalovirus infections occurred in 11 and eight patients, respectively and involved both native bowel and allograft in some.Complications of endoscopy were few: one perforation,three episodes of bleeding, and three episodes of transient respiratory compromise. Conclusions: Endoscopy is an essential tool in the postoperative assessment of intestinal transplant recipients. Frequent surveillance ileoscopies with biopsies should be performed after transplantation. If patients clinically deteriorate with fever, diarrhea, bacteremia, or gastrointestinal bleeding and a clear cause is not elucidated by ileoscopy, an upper endoscopy with biopsies is indicated.
Applications Of Adaptive Least-Squares Lattice Structures To Problems In Underwater Acoustics

Marine Physical LaboratoryScripps Institution of. OceanographySan Diego, CA 92152AbstractThe applications of adaptive least- squares lattice structures to problems in underwateracoustics are discussed. Both single and dual channel problems are considered. Theprewhitening of acoustic reverberation data is used as an illustration of the former while seasurface reverberation rejection is suggested as an application of the latter.IntroductionNumerous applications exist which require a linear filtering operation. Often, the natureof that filtering task is time varying in some nondeterministic fashion due to nonstationarityof the underlying time series. In such situations, a filter which can adapt to a changingenvironmentis needed.Here, the applications of adaptive least -squares lattice structures to problems inunderwater acoustics are discussed. Both single and dual channel problems are considered.The prewhitening of acoustic reverberation data is used as an illustration of the former whilesea surface reverberation rejection is suggested as an application of the latter.Acoustic reverberation data has a complex and highly variable power spectrum. Thespatial transfer function characteristics of both the transmitting and receiving transducershave a significant influence on the time -evolving shape of the corresponding range- Dopplermap. Furthermore, depending on the location of the transducers in the water cblumri, theocean's boundaries (both surface and bottom) can add major contributions whichcharacteristically have a sudden onset. Figure 1 illustrates graphically the origin of the threemajor contributors (surface, volume, and bottom) to the reverberation time series.The complex adaptive joint process algorithmThe general problem of interest is dual channel. As will be seen, the single channelalgorithm is embedded in the dual channel structure. The direct form irr ?lementation of thejoint process structure is illustrated in Figure 2. The current and most recent p samples ofthe reference channel process fx(n),x(n -1) x(n-p)i are linearly combined to form anestimate of -d(n). Of particular interest in noise cancelling applications is the residual ed (n)obtained by subtracting the filtered reference channel from the primary channel 8
Familial polyposis coli: the spectrum of ocular and other extracolonic manifestations.

Familial polyposis coli (FPC) is hereditary condition that conveys a virtual 100% risk for the development of colon cancer in the untreated patient. A total of 56 patients with FPC underwent complete ophthalmic examination. Highly pleomorphic pigmented retinal lesions were identified bilaterally in 52% (n=29) and unilaterally in 14% (n=8) of our subjects. In all, 33 patients had one or more extracolonic expressions associated with FPC, including desmoids, osteomas, epidermoid cysts, lipomas, fibromas, and upper gastrointestinal tract polyps. In 15 patients, pigmented fundus lesions were the only extracolonic manifestations. No significant association between eye findings and other extracolonic manifestations could be established. The presence or absence of pigmented fundus lesions was found to cluster within families. Pigmented fundus lesions are probably a variably penetrant expression of the polyposis gene and do not appear to be specifically associated with subgroups of inherited polyposis syndromes such as Gardner's syndrome.
Visual Plumes mixing zone modeling software

Abstract The US Environmental Protection Agency has a history of developing plume models and providing technical assistance. The Visual Plumes model (VP) is a recent addition to the public-domain models available on the EPA Center for Exposure Assessment Modeling (CEAM) web page. The Windows-based VP adapts, modifies, and enhances the earlier DOS-based PLUMES with a new interface, models, and capabilities. VP is a public platform for mixing zone models designed to encourage the continued improvement of plume theory and models by facilitating verification and inter-model comparison. Some examples are presented to illustrate VP’s new capabilities. One demonstrates its ability, for reasonably one-dimensional estuaries, to estimate background concentrations due to tidal re-circulation of previously contaminated receiving water. This capability depends on the optional linkage to time-series input files that enables VP to simulate mixing zone and far-field parameters for long periods. Also described are the new bacterial decay models used to estimate depth changes in first-order decay rates based on environmental stressors, including solar insolation, salinity, and temperature. The nascent density phenomenon is briefly described as it is potentially important to Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) oil exploration discharges.
Divergent transcriptional control of multidrug resistance genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract Improper control of expression of ATP binding cassette transporter-encoding genes is an important contributor to acquisition of multidrug resistance in human tumor cells. In this study, we have analyzed the function of the promoter region of theSaccharomyces cerevisiae YOR1 gene, which encodes an ATP binding cassette transporter protein that is required for multidrug tolerance in S. cerevisiae. Deletion analysis of aYOR1-lacZ fusion gene defines three important transcriptional regulatory elements. Two of these elements serve to positively regulate expression of YOR1, and the third element is a negative regulatory site. One positive element corresponds to a Pdr1p/Pdr3p response element, a site required for transcriptional control by the homologous zinc finger transcription factors Pdr1p and Pdr3p in other promoters. The second positive element is located between nucleotides −535 and −299 and is referred to as UASYOR1 (where UAS is upstream activation sequence). Interestingly, function of UASYOR1 is inhibited by the downstream negative regulatory site. Promoter fusions constructed between UASYOR1 and the PDR5 promoter, another gene under Pdr1p/Pdr3p control, are active, whereas analogous promoter fusions constructed with the CYC1 promoter are not. This suggests the possibility that UASYOR1 has promoter-specific sequence requirements that are satisfied by another Pdr1p/Pdr3p-regulated gene but not by a heterologous promoter.
Evolving a Successful University-Based Incubator: Lessons Learned From the UCF Technology Incubator

Abstract:This article contributes two models for evolving a successful university-based technology incubator. The first model describes the necessary steps and actions required to evolve the incubator. The second model describes the elements of a successful incubator. A case study using the technology incubator at the University of Central Florida (UCF) is used to understand and describe these models. The UCF technology incubator was the winner of the 2004 Incubator of the Year from the National Business Incubator Association. An engineering manager, economic development organization, entrepreneurship support organization, or technology incubator manager can use this article to develop specific approaches to building and running an incubator.
Re-Thinking Intersectionality:

Intersectionality has become the primary analytic tool that feminist and anti-racist scholars deploy for theorizing identity and oppression. This paper exposes and critically interrogates the assumptions underpinning intersectionality by focusing on four tensions within intersectionality scholarship: the lack of a defined intersectional methodology; the use of black women as quintessential intersectional subjects; the vague definition of intersectionality; and the empirical validity of intersectionality. Ultimately, my project does not seek to undermine intersectionality; instead, I encourage both feminist and anti-racist scholars to grapple with intersectionality’s theoretical, political, and methodological murkiness to construct a more complex way of theorizing identity and oppression.
High Melting Silicides

The tantalum-silicon, molybdenum-silicon, and tungsten-silicon systems have been investigated for solid phases stable above 1900 °K. Three new tantalum silicide phases, two new molybdenum silicide phases, and one new tungsten silicide phase are reported besides the MSi2 phases previously known. The crystal structure of MO3S is described. Lower limits for eutectic temperatures are given for these three systems, and the relative stabilities of metallic silicides of groups III through VII are discussed.
Lentiform Fork sign: a unique MRI picture. Is metabolic acidosis responsible?

Abstract Background and purpose Bilateral basal ganglia lesions are neither diagnostic nor pathognomonic of uremic encephalopathy (UE). Nonetheless, bilateral basal ganglia T2/FLAIR hyperintensities have been widely reported to be associated with UE. The aim of this study was to describe a unique neuroradiological sign seen on the MRI brain in UE, present a retrospective chart review of patients with UE over the past 10 years for evidence of similar MRI appearance, review literature for evidence of this sign, and generate a hypothesis to explain its pathophysiological basis. Methods We describe a previously unreported and unique MRI picture, the Lentiform Fork sign, in a patient with UE. We conducted a focused retrospective chart review of patients with UE over the past 10 years, for evidence of similar MRI changes. We review literature (through PUBMED, OVID, and CENTRAL) for evidence of this sign and propose a hypothesis to explain the basis of this MRI sign. Results We describe the Lentiform Fork sign in a patient with UE. Of our 21 retrospectively reviewed patients with UE who underwent MRI, only one had this sign. Literature review identified 22 patients with this sign who had various conditions, all associated with metabolic acidosis. Fourteen of these patients had documented evidence of severe metabolic acidosis. We propose the hypothesis that metabolic acidosis is the basis of this Lentiform Fork sign. Conclusion Lentiform Fork sign is a unique, previously unreported MRI picture that is seen not only in patients with UE but also in other conditions that result in metabolic acidosis, helping discriminate a specific etiology from the myriad of conditions that are lumped under the rubric of “basal ganglia hyperintensity.” We propose the hypothesis that metabolic acidosis may be the key factor in the pathogenesis of this sign.
TOPFARM: Multi‐fidelity optimization of wind farms

A wind farm layout optimization framework based on a multi-fidelity optimization approach is applied to the offshore test case of Middelgrunden, Denmark as well as to the onshore test case of Stag Holt – Coldham wind farm, UK. While aesthetic considerations have heavily influenced the famous curved design of the Middelgrunden wind farm, this work focuses on demonstrating a method that optimizes the profit of wind farms over their lifetime based on a balance of the energy production income, the electrical grid costs, the foundations cost, and the cost of wake turbulence induced fatigue degradation of different wind turbine components. A multi-fidelity concept is adapted, which uses cost function models of increasing complexity (and decreasing speed) to accelerate the convergence to an optimum solution. In the EU-FP6 TOPFARM project, three levels of complexity are considered. The first level uses a simple stationary wind farm wake model to estimate the Annual Energy Production (AEP), a foundations cost model depending on the water depth and an electrical grid cost function dictated by cable length. The second level calculates the AEP and adds a wake-induced fatigue degradation cost function on the basis of the interpolation in a database of simulations performed for various wind speeds and wake setups with the aero-elastic code HAWC2 and the dynamic wake meandering model. The third level, not considered in this present paper, includes directly the HAWC2 and the dynamic wake meandering model in the optimization loop in order to estimate both the fatigue costs and the AEP. The novelty of this work is the implementation of the multi-fidelity approach in the context of wind farm optimization, the inclusion of the fatigue degradation costs in the optimization framework, and its application on the optimal performance as seen through an economical perspective. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of psychologists’ disclosure of personal religious background on prospective clients

How would prospective clients be influenced by information presented by a psychologist at the outset of therapy regarding the psychologists’ personal religious background? The current study examined this question via five written vignettes in which hypothetical psychologists described themselves in terms of a variety of variables. The five vignettes varied only in the religious affiliation of the psychologist: atheist, Christian, Jewish, Islamic, and no mention of religion. Regarding the self-reported likelihood that participants would see the psychologist, significant differences emerged between various therapist religious affiliations, especially for participants high in religiosity. Overall, results suggest that personal religious background disclosed by a psychologist at the outset of therapy may have a significant effect on the likelihood that a prospective client would choose to see the psychologist. Specifically, participants reported that they were more likely to see psychologists who described th...
The physician "surplus" and the decline of professional dominance.

��� Two immediate circumstances cast a shadow over [physicians, voluntary hospitals, and medical schools’] future: the rapidly increasing supply of physicians and the continued search by government and employers for control over the growth of medical expenditures. —Paul Starr, The Social Transformation of American Medicine (emphasis added) This essay examines the relationship that Paul Starr hypothesized in The Social Tranformation of American Medicine (1982) between the supply of physicians (both allopaths and osteopaths) and their professional dominance, a relationship, he argued, that began to turn negative about the time of the passage of Medicaid and Medicare in 1965. In particular, Starr posited that an increasing number of physicians, dubbed a “surplus,” would become an essential condition in reducing their dominance over the health care system, while abetting the larger process of corporatization that the medical profession was experiencing (421‐427). In the pages that follow, I first outline the main points of Starr’s argument, one that was also accepted by many others (Mick 1980). Second, I discuss how and why growth in physician supply has not contributed as much as was predicted to a putative decline in medicine’s privileged professional status. Finally, I propose that whether physician supply is in surplus (or shortage) is a
Are food restriction and pressure-to-eat parenting practices associated with adolescent disordered eating behaviors?

Objective To examine associations between parental pressure-to-eat and food restriction and adolescent disordered eating behaviors, within a sample of parent–adolescent pairs. Method Adolescents (N = 2,231) and their parents (N = 3,431) participated in two, coordinated, population-based studies designed to examine factors associated with weight and weight-related behaviors in adolescents. Results Overall, higher levels of pressure-to-eat or food restriction were significantly and positively associated with use of disordered eating behaviors among boys. For every one unit increase [Scale Range: 1 (low control) to 4 (high control)] in mothers' food restriction, boys were twice as likely to engage in extreme weight control behaviors (p ≤ .01). Examination of the association between food-related parenting practices and disordered eating behaviors among girls revealed fewer significant associations. However, analyses revealed that for every one unit increase in mothers' food restriction, girls were 1.33 times more likely to engage in extreme weight control behaviors (p = .04). Discussion Study findings provide evidence of an association between controlling food-related parenting practices and adolescent disordered eating behaviors, particularly in boys. Future longitudinal research is needed to establish directionality of observed associations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:310–314)
Length-based vehicle classification using images from uncalibrated video cameras

Due to the marked difference in many characteristics between trucks and smaller vehicles, accurate and timely truck data are of significant importance. Unfortunately, few frequent and wide-area truck data are collected with the systems currently in place. Furthermore, the systems that are capable of truck data collection are typically expensive and limited in application. For this reason, wide-area truck data are typically collected every few years, although more timely truck data are desired. There is no doubt that continuous collection of truck data is beneficial to a variety of purposes. This work presents an image processing algorithm for length-based vehicle classification using an image stream captured by an uncalibrated video camera. Although the current implementation separates vehicles based only upon length, the ultimate goal is to develop a system based upon the highway performance monitoring system guidelines. The basis of the algorithm is to relatively compare vehicle lengths to each other to estimate truck volumes and eliminate the need for complicated system calibration. The algorithm was implemented in C#, a new programming language platform developed by the Microsoft Corporation. The system test revealed that the vehicle length classifications estimated by the algorithm do indeed satisfactorily resemble the actual observations. The proposed algorithm may enable the widely installed surveillance video cameras to count classified vehicles including trucks.
ATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo

Parenchymal microglia are the principal immune cells of the brain. Time-lapse two-photon imaging of GFP-labeled microglia demonstrates that the fine termini of microglial processes are highly dynamic in the intact mouse cortex. Upon traumatic brain injury, microglial processes rapidly and autonomously converge on the site of injury without cell body movement, establishing a potential barrier between the healthy and injured tissue. This rapid chemotactic response can be mimicked by local injection of ATP and can be inhibited by the ATP-hydrolyzing enzyme apyrase or by blockers of G protein-coupled purinergic receptors and connexin channels, which are highly expressed in astrocytes. The baseline motility of microglial processes is also reduced significantly in the presence of apyrase and connexin channel inhibitors. Thus, extracellular ATP regulates microglial branch dynamics in the intact brain, and its release from the damaged tissue and surrounding astrocytes mediates a rapid microglial response towards injury.
Beam-Width Prediction for Efficient Context-Free Parsing

Efficient decoding for syntactic parsing has become a necessary research area as statistical grammars grow in accuracy and size and as more NLP applications leverage syntactic analyses. We review prior methods for pruning and then present a new framework that unifies their strengths into a single approach. Using a log linear model, we learn the optimal beam-search pruning parameters for each CYK chart cell, effectively predicting the most promising areas of the model space to explore. We demonstrate that our method is faster than coarse-to-fine pruning, exemplified in both the Charniak and Berkeley parsers, by empirically comparing our parser to the Berkeley parser using the same grammar and under identical operating conditions.
THE SWITCH FROM FETAL TO ADULT ERYTHROPOIESIS

The story of the developmental changes in erythropoiesis is the history of oxygenation in the developing organism. The individual components of the switch from embryonic to adult erythropoiesis are developmentally regulated, and their interaction with one another is complex. Basic defects, such as absence of Epo production, lead to early embryonic or fetal death. Other defects, such as abnormalities in the switch from the fetal to adult erythropoiesis, are less catastrophic but result in hematologic abnormalities. Understanding the many aspects of the switch from embryonic to fetal to adult erythropoiesis can lead to an improved awareness of many of the problems typical of preterm infants, inborn errors resulting in hematologic diseases, and aspects important for transplantation medicine.
The Relationship Between Violence in the Family of Origin and Dating Violence Among College Students

Prior research has established that violence in dating relationships is a serious social problem among adolescents and young adults. Exposure to violence during childhood has been linked to dating violence victimization and perpetration. Also known as the intergenerational transmission of violence, the link between violence during childhood and dating violence has traditionally focused on physical violence. This research examines the relationship between experiencing and perpetrating dating violence and exposure to violence in the family of origin. Specifically, the current research examines gender differences in the relationship between exposure to violence during childhood and physical and psychological abuse perpetration and victimization. Data were collected from a sample of approximately 2,500 college students at two southeastern universities. Findings indicate that childhood exposure to violence is a consistent predictor of involvement in relationships characterized by violence for males and females. The implications of the current research on policy are discussed.
Identification of Cluster Beam Constituents and Qualitative Descripton of Cluster Emission from Liquid Gold Ion Source

The distribution of charged gold clusters and micro droplets emitted from liquid gold ion source as a function of charge to mass ratio has been investigated using three complementary techniques: transverse magnetic deflection, quadrupole mass spectrometry, and single particle detection scheme. The measurements have been made as a function of total beam current and angle of emission. The above three methods have some overlap range that was used for comparison and verification of data gathered by each technique. The magnetic deflection results indicate that for the source structure used in this study, clusters are present along the axis of the beam, over the entire current range under investigation. However, their relative abundance is significantly increased as total current is increased. The quadrupole data exhibits a broad peak which is centered around 104 Coul/Kg corresponding to a cluster of ≈ 1000 atoms charged to ≈20+. The position of the peak moves slightly toward lower mass (higher Q/m ratio) as the total beam current is increased. The biggest cluster detected so far using single particle detector has a charge to mass ratio of 17 Coulomb/Kg corresponding to a droplet of 108 Au atoms having a radius of ≈ 740A atoms charged to ≈ 9000+. Several experimental observations point to the fact that cluster dominated emission mode might be qualitatively different from ion emission mode. Based on experimental observations a qualitative model for cluster emission is proposed.
Intercomparison of the community multiscale air quality model and CALGRID using process analysis.

This study was designed to examine the similarities and differences between two advanced photochemical air quality modeling systems: EPA Models-3/CMAQ and CALGRID/CALMET. Both modeling systems were applied to an ozone episode that occurred along the I-5 urban corridor in western Washington and Oregon during July 11−14, 1996. Both models employed the same modeling domain and used the same detailed gridded emission inventory. The CMAQ model was run using both the CB-IV and RADM2 chemical mechanisms, while CALGRID was used with the SAPRC-97 chemical mechanism. Output from the Mesoscale Meteorological Model (MM5) employed with observational nudging was used in both models. The two modeling systems, representing three chemical mechanisms and two sets of meteorological inputs, were evaluated in terms of statistical performance measures for both 1- and 8-h average observed ozone concentrations. The results showed that the different versions of the systems were more similar than different, and all versions perfo...
A 70GOPS, 34mW Multi-Carrier MIMO Chip in 3.5mm/sup ~/

An ASIC realization of the MIMO baseband processing for a multi-antenna WLAN is described. The chip implements a 4times4 adaptive singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm with combined power and area minimization achieving a power efficiency of 2.1GOPS/mW in just 3.5mm2 in a 90nm CMOS. The computational throughput of 70GOPS is implemented with 0.5M gates at a 100MHz clock and 385mV supply, dissipating 34mW of power. With optimal channel conditions the algorithm implemented can deliver up to 250Mbps over 16MHz band
Impressions of Immigration: Comparisons between Immigrant and Nonimmigrant Children's Immigration Beliefs

Immigration is a frequently debated topic in American politics and media, yet little work examined children's understanding of this issue. In order to explore how children's understanding of immigration may differ based on their immigration experience, 261 elementary school-aged children (M = 9 years; SD = 1 year, 1 month) answered open-ended questions regarding why people move to the United States and why it should be legal or not. The sample consisted of 196 immigrants (first and second generation Latino/a immigrants) and 65 nonimmigrants (non-Latino/a children living in America for at least three generations). Children also rated possible explanations for societal antiimmigration attitudes. As predicted, Latino/a immigrant children explained immigration as a means of attaining concrete benefits for immigrants, such as improved education or jobs. They also referenced reuniting with family members in the U.S. Nonimmigrant children focused more on immigrants seeking American freedoms, reflecting the school-based curriculum explaining early European immigration to the U.S. Results reflect how differing experiences with immigration (direct or indirect) may influence perceptions towards immigration.
Forecasting U.S. State-Level Carbon Dioxide Emissions

This study explores the use of spatial models in forecasting U.S. state-level carbon dioxide emissions. We compare forecasts against empirical reality using panel data models with and without spatial effects. Understanding how to predict emissions is important for designing climate change mitigation policies. To determine if spatial econometric models can help us predict emissions, it is important to test these models to see if they are a valid strategy to describe the underlying data, in the context of forecasting. We find that a non-spatial OLS estimator performs best in all out-of-sample forecasts; however, the OLS model is not statistically distinguishable from a spatial panel data model with random effects.
Immobilized metal affinity chromatography of DNA

Many of the most widely employed operations in molecular biology hinge upon the use of single-stranded DNA as a probe or template. Here we report a straightforward method by which to produce long single-stranded DNA molecules using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in combination with immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). We demonstrate that a tag consisting of six successive 6-histaminylpurine (H) residues (H6-tag) endows a DNA strand with selective retentivity onto a Ni2+-NTA-agarose chromatography matrix. The H6-tagged strand can then be eluted from the resin using 200 mM imidazole. Quantitative phosphorimaging analysis revealed that the PCR/IMAC procedure typically yields unmodified strands comprising >90% of the unbound DNA and H6-tagged strands comprising >95% of the bound fractions. DNA strands generated in this manner are shown to be excellent substrates for template-directed polymerization. The chemistry reported herein should facilitate a wide variety of operations in molecular biology, including automated DNA sequencing, hybridization screening of DNA libraries, assembly of gene cassettes, run-off transcription, site-directed mutagenesis and footprinting of protein-DNA complexes by template-directed interference footprinting.
Halo Effects in Multiattribute Attitude Models: An Appraisal of Some Unresolved Issues:

The authors discuss the issues raised by Johansson, MacLachlan, and Yalch concerning halo effects in multiattribute models. It appears that halo effects can provide an upward bias upon the explanat...
The Nonlinear Problem of the Optimal Libration Points Rendezvous in Earth-moon System

In this paper the minimum propellant optimal maneuvers of space vehicles equipped with low-thrust propulsion installation near the libration points in the Earth-moon system are examinated. The variational problem for determining the optimal laws of variation the motion parameters, is a Lagrange type considering the nonlinear motion equations, and lead to a bilocal problem. The numerical integration of the extremals equations is performed with "shooting" method, the calculus being simplified using initial values of the multipliers from linear theory, Ref 2. On the basis of the optimal laws established in this manner, numerical applications are carried out.
Challenges in Implementing Evidence-Based Practices and Programs in Nonprofit Human Service Organizations

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an important, yet under-utilized strategy to improve social work practice. Nonprofit human service organizations (NPHSOs) are a common social work practice setting through which efforts to promote EBP ought to be better understood. NPHSOs experience capacity limitations, lack of access to research evidence, and funding difficulties which makes adopting, implementing, and sustaining EBP challenging, if not untenable. These challenges are more acute for NPHSOs in practice fields for which little top tier intervention research evidence, dissemination platforms, and funding programs exist. Recommendations for overcoming these challenges are discussed.
Possession and Cliticization in Iquito

0. Goals and Language Background This paper presents some unusual distributional data about the possessive construction in Iquito, together with one analysis that accounts for the data. I argue that possessums in Iquito behave much like clitics. However, I would reject any notion that a morpheme must either be a clitic or a free form, or either a clitic or an affix, as if one had dichotomies to choose from. Instead, I assume that what we actually see in language is a continuum or cline from free form to clitic to affix (Brown 2004a), and I argue that Iquito possessums occupy an intermediate status between a free form and a clitic. Iquito (Zaparoan) is spoken by about 26 individuals in a small community located in Amazonian Peru. This paper presents data from two summers of my fieldwork with the Iquito people as part of the Iquito Language Documentation and Revitalization Project.ˆ
Childhood Migraine and Infantile Colic

Investigators at the Robert Debre Hospital, Paris, and other centers in France and Italy report a case-control study of 208 consecutive children aged 6 to 18 years presenting to the ED and diagnosed with migraine and controls with minor trauma.
Home Alone: The Effects of Out-Migration on Niuean Elders' Living Arrangements and Social Supports

MIGRATION IS AN ubiquitous and powerful force that has long influenced the size and composition of Pacific populations. Migration is both a response to and a cause of economic change and modernization in Oceania (Ahlberg and Levin 1990; Cole and Parry 1986; Connell 1990; Fawcett and Carino 1987; McCall and Connell 1993). The general impact of migration on the demography and economy of Pacific societies has been examined extensively (e.g., Cole and Parry 1986; Connell 1990; McCall and Connell 1993). With respect to a specific subpopulation t h e elderly--the impact of migration has received little direct attention, but some passing commentary (e.g., James 1993; Macpherson 1990; White 1990). Presented here is a study of demographic change on Niue, a small Polynesian island in the southwestern Pacific. Two decades of massive, sustained migration from Niue has resulted in around two-thirds of the population living outside the country, primarily in New Zealand. Migration has had a dramatic effect, not just on the composition of the population remaining on the island but also on the social integration of the elderly, most specifically on the amount and type of social support available to people in old age.
Corporate Cash Holdings and Exposure to Macroeconomic Uncertainty

This study aims to clarify the understanding on the relationship between the firm’s cash holdings and its causes by introducing the more detailed relationship between cash holdings and macroeconomic uncertainty. While previous literature tries to explain the level of cash holdings mainly by the firm-level variables with the partial inclusion of macroeconomic uncertainty, this study considers the full impact of the macroeconomic uncertainty on the change in the level of cash holdings by understanding and introducing the firm’s heterogeneous exposure to macroeconomic uncertainty. Firms’ heterogeneity to macroeconomic uncertainty is introduced in the test to see if the heterogeneity can tell the difference in the change in the level of cash holdings. This paper finds that macroeconomic uncertainties measured by difference macroeconomic condition variables are significant and contribute to the change in cash holdings. Additionally, this paper shows that the firms’ different level of exposure to macroeconomic uncertainty can cause the different degree of cash holdings and that firms with the higher level of exposure have the higher level of cash holdings. This paper can be improved and expanded in many ways such as an expansion with the inclusion of international macroeconomic variables as additional significant factors for the change in the level of firms’ cash holdings.
Using Sensors and Generators of H2O2 to Elucidate the Toxicity Mechanism of Piperlongumine and Phenethyl Isothiocyanate

Abstract Aims: Chemotherapeutics target vital functions that ensure survival of cancer cells, including their increased reliance on defense mechanisms against oxidative stress compared to normal cells. Many chemotherapeutics exploit this vulnerability to oxidative stress by elevating the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). A quantitative understanding of the oxidants generated and how they induce toxicity will be important for effective implementation and design of future chemotherapeutics. Molecular tools that facilitate measurement and manipulation of individual chemical species within the context of the larger intracellular redox network present a means to develop this understanding. In this work, we demonstrate the use of such tools to elucidate the roles of H2O2 and glutathione (GSH) in the toxicity mechanism of two ROS-based chemotherapeutics, piperlongumine and phenethyl isothiocyanate. Results: Depletion of GSH as a result of treatment with these compounds is not an important pa...
Pseudo-Meigs Syndrome with Resulting Papillary Adenocarcinomas of the Ovary and Fallopian Tube

The pseudo-Meigs syndrome is clinically important because it resembles metastatic pelvic cancer. However, the prognosis is much more favorable when the syndrome is associated with a benign tumor. The authors point out that a woman with this condition can expect full recovery after surgery.
Self-Stabilizing Synchronously Mode locked Erbium-Ytterbium Fiber Laser Pumped with a Nd:YAG Laser

Stable synchronously pumped mode locking operation of an erbium fiber laser is demonstrated for the first time. The technologically important Nd.YAG laser operating at 1.064 µm serves as the pump source. In contrast to conventional synchronously pumped laser systems we do not rely on gain saturation for pulse formation. Instead we use pump-induced phase modulation to periodically perturb the fiber laser cavity via cross-phase modulation, thus forcing short-pulse oscillation of the fiber laser.
Responses of Phytoplankton and Hyalella azteca to Agrichemical Mixtures in a Constructed Wetland Mesocosm

We assessed the capability of a constructed wetland to mitigate toxicity of a variety of possible mixtures, such as nutrients only (NO) (nitrogen [N], phosphorus [P]), pesticides only (PO) (atrazine, S-metolachlor, permethrin), and nutrients + pesticides on phytoplankton chlorophyll-a, on 48-h aqueous Hyalella azteca survival and 10-day sediment H. azteca survival and growth. Water and sediment were collected at 10-, 20-, and 40-m distances from inflow and analyzed for nutrients, pesticides, chlorophyll-a, and H. azteca laboratory bioassays. Phytoplankton chlorophyll-a increased 4- to 10 -fold at 7 days after NO treatment. However, responses of chlorophyll-a to PO and nutrients + pesticides were more complex with associated decreases at only 20 m for pesticides only and 10 and 40 m for nutrients + pesticides treatments. H. azteca aqueous survival decreased within the first 48 h of dosing at 10- and 20-m distances during PO and nutrients + pesticides treatments in association with permethrin concentrations. H. azteca sediment survival was unaffected, whereas 10-day growth decreased within 1 day of dosing at all sites during nutrients + pesticides treatment. Constructed wetlands were shown to be an effective agricultural best-management tool for trapping pollutants and mitigating ecological impacts of run-off in agricultural watersheds.
Vasoactivity of Amyloid β Peptides

It is becoming increasingly recognized that risk factors for vascular disease increase the risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), suggesting that the vasculature may be a contributing factor to the pathophysiology of AD. Furthermore, in the majority of AD cases, vascular deposits of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides are observed in the condition known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy, suggesting that Aβ peptides may be biologically active at the vascular level. We present data demonstrating that low doses (in the nM range) of freshly solubilized Aβ peptides (1–40 and 1–42) greatly enhance the vasoconstriction induced by endothelin-1 (ET-1) in isolated, intact vessels. We also show that freshly solubilized Aβ peptides transduce vasoactivity via stimulation of a pro-inflammatory pathway involving activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2, and 5-lipoxygenase. Our data demonstrate that soluble forms of As peptides (at doses similar to those found in AD patient plasma) are able to trigger a pro-inflammatory response in vessels, suggesting that, in AD, which has a significant inflammatory component, Aβ peptides may exert pro-inflammatory effects prior to deposition as insoluble Aβ aggregates.
Phase I trial of the PARP inhibitor veliparib (V) in combination with carboplatin (C) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

1074 Background: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARPi) inhibitors have shown activity in BRCA mutant and triple negative breast cancers (TNBC). The ideal dose and schedule of C and oral PARPi V is no...
Women's Relationship Power Modifies the Effect of a Randomized Conditional Cash Transfer Intervention for Safer Sex in Tanzania.

This study tests whether women’s relationship power modifies the effect of a conditional cash transfer (CCT) on STI risk. We analyzed 988 women enrolled in the RESPECT study in Tanzania, a yearlong, randomized-controlled trial testing the effectiveness of a CCT to reduce STI incidence. Women were randomized at the individual level to a no-cash control group, a low-cash, or a high-cash study arm. After one year, there was no main effect of study arm on risk of having an STI among women. However, in tests of heterogeneity, the effect of the CCT varied by a woman’s relationship power (adjusted RRs of the interaction term for women with higher relationship power: RR 0.567 (95% CI 0.240–0.895) for high cash and RR 1.217 (95% CI 0.794–1.641) for low cash). Specifically, women with higher relationship power in the low cash transfer arm had an elevated risk of testing positive for an STI, whereas women with high relationship power in the high cash transfer arm had a decreased risk of testing positive for an STI.
Parametric empirical Bayes estimation of individual time-pressure reactivity

As the global workplace becomes increasingly industrialised and competitive, organisations are finding that it is crucial to manage their time more efficiently. An important topic in time managemen...
Sexuality and Human Rights

This entry discusses the major developments in the international human rights framework that address gender and sexuality. It outlines the major chronological events since World War II that shaped the discourse, advantages, and challenges of using the human rights framework. Keywords: gender; gender-based violence; human rights; sexuality; women's rights
Neuroprotection Mediated by Upregulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Rho-Associated, Coiled-Coil-Containing Kinase 2 Deficient Mice.

BACKGROUND Rho-associated kinases (ROCK1 and ROCK2) are important regulators of the actin cytoskeleton and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Because the phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor-1A1 (eEF1A1) by ROCK2 is critical for eNOS expression, we hypothesized that this molecular pathway may play a critical role in neuroprotection following focal cerebral ischemia.Methods and Results:Adult male wild-type (WT) and mutant ROCK2 and eNOS-/-mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and cerebral infarct size, neurological deficit and absolute cerebral blood flow were measured. In addition, aortic endothelium-dependent response to acetylcholine, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and sodium nitroprusside were assessed ex vivo. Endothelial cells from mouse brain or heart were used to measure eNOS and eEF1A activity, as well as NO production and eNOS mRNA half-life. In global hemizygous ROCK2+/-and endothelial-specific EC-ROCK2-/-mice, eNOS mRNA stability and eNOS expression were increased, which correlated with enhanced endothelium-dependent relaxation and neuroprotection following focal cerebral ischemia. Indeed, when ROCK2+/-mice were place on an eNOS-/-background, the neuroprotective effects observed in ROCK2+/-mice were abolished. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the phosphorylation of eEF1A1 by ROCK2 is physiologically important for eNOS expression and NO-mediated neuroprotection, and suggest that targeting endothelial ROCK2 and eEF1A may have therapeutic benefits in ischemic stroke and cardiovascular disease.