cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anti-AIDS agents 66: Syntheses and anti-HIV activity of phenolic and aza 3′,4′-di-O-(−)-camphanoyl-(+)-cis-khellactone (DCK) derivatives

New phenolic and aza 3',4'-di-O-(-)-camphanoyl-(+)-cis-khellactone (DCK) analogs were synthesized and assayed for inhibition of HIV-1 IIIB replication in H9 lymphocytes. Compound 16, 4-methyl-1'-aza-DCK (4-methyl-aza-DCK), was less lipophilic than 4-methyl-DCK, and retained sub-micromolar anti-HIV activity with EC(50) and TI values of 0.77 microM and >42, respectively. Moreover, it showed moderately improved metabolic stability. Introduction of phenolic hydroxyl groups to 4-methyl-DCK decreased lipophilicity significantly, but did not improve metabolic stability and also decreased activity.
Determination of soil phosphatase activity using a microplate method

Abstract Rapid and efficient methods for determining soil enzyme activities are needed for timely assessment of total soil microbial activity and soil quality. A microplate method was developed and compared to a standard method for assays of soil phosphatase. The microplate method was similar to the standard method in accuracy of determination, required less chemical reagents, and considerably reduced the time required for analyses.
In Vitro Studies on the Maintenance of Transcription-induced Stress by Histones and Polyamines

Several factors were evaluated to determine their role in facilitating the presence of transcription-induced stresses in a circular DNA. Transcription was done with T7 RNA polymerase in the presence of E. coli topoisomerase I and closed circular DNA. Positive stress was observed in hypotonic conditions or when one of the polyamines, spermidine or spermine, were present. Polycations such as polylysine, polyarginine, histone H1, histones H2A-H2B, and protamine were observed to induce minimal positive stress. It is known that polyamines influence DNA structure by causing both self-association and sequence-specific structural alterations (polyamine-induced localized bending). Experimental evidence indicates that the likely cause of the positive stress is the induced bending. In order to evaluate protein-mediated bending, transcription was done on nucleosomes. A minimum of three nucleosomes on a DNA of 6055 bp was sufficient to generate very high levels of positive stress. Histones H3-H4 in the absence of H2A-H2B were responsible for this effect. Since these histones by themselves are able to maintain negative coils on DNA, it is concluded that protein-mediated bending is yet another mechanism for placing rotational restriction on DNA. The bending of DNA by either polyamines or histones is an effective mechanism for promoting transcription-induced stresses at physiological ionic strength.
Elementary students' perceptions of social networks: development, experience, and equity in collaborative software design activities

More recently, the analysis of social networks in computer-supported collaborative learning environments has received more attention. Less attention has been given to how the participants themselves see collaborative patterns and trends. Towards that end, we interviewed 131 fourth and fifth-grade elementary students at the end of four different ten week-long collaborative software design projects and asked them to describe the type of help they had either given to or received from team members and other students in their class. Technical help with programming problems was by far the most prominent type of help given or received. The frequency of helping interactions not only increased over the course of two design projects but also became more varied. Distribution of helping interactions became only more equitable in a second design project. The discussion addresses methodological issues in using students' perceptions of helping interactions in social network analysis, the nature of students' social resources, the impact of experience, and issues of gender equity in computer-supported collaborative learning.
Harnessing natural recovery processes to improve restoration outcomes: an experimental assessment of sponge-mediated coral reef restoration.

Background Restoration is increasingly implemented to reestablish habitat structure and function following physical anthropogenic disturbance, but scientific knowledge of effectiveness of methods lags behind demand for guidelines. On coral reefs, recovery is largely dependent on coral reestablishment, and substratum stability is critical to the survival of coral fragments and recruits. Concrete is often used to immobilize rubble, but its ecological performance has not been rigorously evaluated, and restoration has generally fallen short of returning degraded habitat to pre-disturbance conditions. Fragments of erect branching sponges mediate reef recovery by facilitating rubble consolidation, yet such natural processes have been largely overlooked in restoring reefs. Methods On two reefs in Curacao, four treatments - coral rubble alone, rubble seeded with sponge fragments, rubble bound by concrete, and concrete “rubble” bound by concrete - were monitored over four years to investigate rubble consolidation with and without sponges and the ecological performance of treatments in terms of the number and diversity of coral recruits. Species specific rates of sponge fragment attachment to rubble, donor sponge growth and tissue replacement, and fragment survival inside rubble piles were also investigated to evaluate sponge species performance and determine rates for sustainably harvesting tissue. Findings/Significance Rubble piles seeded with sponges retained height and shape to a significantly greater degree, lost fewer replicates to water motion, and were significantly more likely to be consolidated over time than rubble alone. Significantly more corals recruited to sponge-seeded rubble than to all other treatments. Coral diversity was also greatest for rubble with sponges and it was the only treatment to which framework building corals recruited. Differences in overall sponge species performance suggest species selection is important to consider. Employing organisms that jump start successional pathways and facilitate recovery can significantly improve restoration outcomes; however, best practices require techniques be tailored to each system.
Identification of nutrient and physical seed trait QTL in the model legume Lotus japonicus.

Legume seeds have the potential to provide a significant portion of essential micronutrients to the human diet. To identify the genetic basis for seed nutrient density, quantitative trait locus (QT...
Anterior skull base surgery for malignant tumors: a multivariate analysis of 27 years of experience.

Introduction. Few studies have examined prognostic factors that have an impact on outcomes in anterior skull base surgery by multivariate analysis. Methods. We retrospectively examined our institution's skull base experience from 1973–2000. Results. During this time, 166 patients underwent an anterior skull base resection for malignancy (median age, 53 years; range, 6–92 years). The 5-year relapse-free and disease-specific survival was 41% and 57% (median follow-up, 53 months). Multivariate analysis found that dural invasion, primary histologic diagnosis, and margin status had a significant impact on relapse-free and disease-specific survival. Conclusions. These data indicate that patients with anterior skull base malignancies are treated successfully with skull base surgery. Patients demonstrating adverse prognostic variables such as dural invasion, adverse histologic findings, and/or positive margins should be considered for the addition of adjuvant therapy or innovative therapies as they become available in the future. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 515–520, 2003
China Turned On: Television, Reform and Resistance

The years following the Cultural Revolution have seen the arrival of television as part of China's effort to "modernize" and open up the West. Endorsed by the Deng Xiaoping regime as a "bridge" between the Government and the people, television became at once the mouthpiece of the Communist party and the most popular entertainment for Chinese people living in the cities. But the authorities failed to recognize the unmatched cultural power of television to inspire resistance to official ideologies, expectations and lifestyles. The coming of television has intensified the fundamental contradictions of China's socialist society. Its presence in the homes of the urban Chinese offers access to visions of alternative ways of life and political systems, inspiring the Chinese in their struggle for a better way of living, as individuals and as a nation. Following Tiananmen Square, television remains crucially important in the continuing struggle for freedom and democracy. Today when virtually every urban home has a television set, the Chinese viewing audience is larger than ever before. James Lull's study uses ethnographic data collected in 1986 and 1989, including interviews with Chinese families. This book should be of interest to students and teachers of cultural and communication studies, Asian/Chinese studies, political science, sociology and mass communications.
Bayes/frequentist compromise decision rules for Gaussian sampling

Abstract Bayesian methods have the potential to confer substantial advantages over frequentist when the assumed prior is approximately correct, but otherwise can perform poorly. Therefore, estimators and other inferences that strike a compromise between Bayes and frequentist optimality are attractive. To evaluate potential trade-offs, we study Bayes vs. frequentist risk under Gaussian sampling for families of point estimators and interval estimators. Bayes/frequentist compromises for interval estimation are more challenging than for point estimation, since performance involves an interplay between coverage and length. Each family allows ‘purchasing’ improved frequentist performance by allowing a small increase in Bayes risk over the Bayes rule. Any degree of increase can be specified, thus enabling greater or lesser trade-offs between Bayes and frequentist risk.
Effects of aging on mitochondrial DNA copy number and cytochrome c oxidase gene expression in rat skeletal muscle, liver, and heart.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions and mutations have been reported to occur with aging in various tissues. To determine the functional impact of these changes, we measured mtDNA copy number, mitochondria-encoded cytochrome c oxidase (COX) subunit I and III transcript levels, and COX enzyme activity in skeletal muscles (medial and lateral gastrocnemius and soleus), liver, and heart in 6- and 27-month-old rats. Substantial age-related reductions of mtDNA copy number occurred in skeletal muscle groups (−23–40%,p
Meningiomas of the cerebellopontine angle.

BACKGROUND Meningiomas of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA), although uniform in location, are diverse with regard to the site of dural origin and displacement of neurovascular structures. A study of patients with CPA meningiomas was undertaken to gain more information regarding the relationship between site of dural attachment, clinical presentation, operative approach, and outcome. METHODS In this report, we retrospectively review 40 patients with CPA meningiomas managed surgically. RESULTS Common clinical presentations were hearing loss, unsteadiness, and dysequilibrium. Findings upon physical examination included hearing loss (73%), cerebellar signs (32%), trigeminal neuropathy (16%), and facial nerve dysfunction (16%). The most common site of dural origin was the petrous ridge (anterior to the IAC [26%], posterior [21%], superior [18%], and inferior [16%]). Less common sites of dural origin included the tentorium (31%), the clivus (15%), the IAC (10%), and the jugular foramen (8%). Site of dural origin determined the direction of displacement of the facial/vestibulocochlear nerve bundle. The most common microsurgical complication was facial nerve dysfunction (30%). Gross total resection was achieved in 82% of cases, whereas 18% underwent subtotal resection. Two patients died. Follow-up ranged from three months to 13 years with three recurrences. CONCLUSIONS CPA meningiomas displace the seventh and eighth cranial nerves in various directions depending on the site of dural origin. Total surgical excision can be accomplished in the majority of cases with acceptable morbidity.
Specific increase in sensitivity to serotonin of the canine hindlimb collateral arterial tree via the 5-hydroxytryptamine-2 receptor.

Abstract Evidence that platelet activation contributes to ischemia associated with atherosclerosis led us to examine the response of the limb collateral arterial tree to a platelet product, serotonin. In 23 anesthetized dogs we measured arterial diameter (angiography) and blood flow ( 133 Xe transit) before or 2 weeks after superficial femoral artery ligation (SFAL). In normal hindlimbs blood flow increased after 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and there was a modest but measurable, dose dependent narrowing of 1- to 2-mm vessels, the major stem vessels for collateral blood flow. After SFAL, identical segments of these vessels responded to serotonin more: the slope relating dose and response became steeper ( P P P
COMLA Chemotherapy for Lymphoma

Excerpt To the editor: Sweet and associates (1) recently reported on the usefulness of the COMLA combination chemotherapy regimen (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate with leucovorin rescue...
Effects of pocket gophers on desert soils and vegetation

The effects of pocket gophers (Geomyidae) on soils and vegetation were studied on Chihuahuan Desert and Sonoran Desert catenas for comparison with the effects of pocket gophers on soils and vegetation in mesic environments. Two species of gophers, Thomomys bottae and T. umbrinus, ejecta mounds were located on upper slopes of piedmonts where runoff from mountains increase soil moisture. Geomys arenarius ejecta mounds were restricted to small valley bottoms on ridge and valley mesa topography. Soil bulk density of ejecta mound soils was lower than undisturbed soil at the Chihuahuan Desert sites but not at the Sonoran Desert site. Significantly higher annual plant cover were recorded only for ejecta mounds of the Chihuahuan Desert piedmont. The effects of pocket gopher burrowing differed between the species, with G. arenarius sites showing greater extent of soil disturbance at a local scale, but effects of these disturbances on desert soils vegetation are dependent upon the properties of the undisturbed soil. These findings of limited impacts of burrowing on soil chemistry contrast with the situation in more mesic areas.
Competitive adsorption, displacement, and transport of organic matter on iron oxide: II. Displacement and transport

Abstract The competitive interactions between organic matter compounds and mineral surfaces are poorly understood, yet these interactions may play a significant role in the stability and co-transport of mineral colloids and/or environmental contaminants. In this study, the processes of competitive adsorption, displacement, and transport of Suwannee River natural organic matter (SR-NOM) are investigated with several model organic compounds in packed beds of iron oxide-coated quartz columns. Results demonstrated that strongly-binding organic compounds are competitively adsorbed and displace those weakly-bound organic compounds along the flow path. Among the four organic compounds studied, polyacrylic acid (PAA) appeared to be the most competitive, whereas SR-NOM was more competitive than phthalic and salycylic acids. The transport of SR-NOM is found to involve a complex competitive interaction and displacement of different NOM subcomponents. A diffuse adsorption and sharp desorption front (giving an appearance of irreversible adsorption) of the SR-NOM breakthrough curves are explained as being a result of the competitive time-dependent adsorption and displacement processes between different organic components within the SR-NOM. The stability and transport of iron oxide colloids varied as one organic component competitively displaces another. Relatively large quantities of iron oxide colloids are transported when the more strongly-binding PAA competitively displaces the weakly-binding SR-NOM or when SR-NOM competitively displaces phthalic and salicylic acids. Results of this study suggest that the chemical composition and hence the functional behavior of NOM (e.g., in stabilizing mineral colloids and in complexing contaminants) can change along its flow path as a result of the dynamic competitive interactions between heterogeneous NOM subcomponents. Further studies are needed to better define and quantify these NOM components as well as their roles in contaminant partitioning and transport.
The response matrix discrete ordinates solution to the 1D radiative transfer equation

Abstract The discrete ordinates method (DOM) of solution to the 1D radiative transfer equation has been an effective method of solution for nearly 70 years. During that time, the method has experienced numerous improvements as numerical and computational techniques have become more powerful and efficient. Here, we again consider the analytical solution to the discrete radiative transfer equation in a homogeneous medium by proposing a new, and consistent, form of solution that improves upon previous forms. Aided by a Wynn-epsilon convergence acceleration, its numerical evaluation can achieve extreme precision as demonstrated by comparison with published benchmarks. Finally, we readily extend the solution to a heterogeneous medium through the star product formulation producing a novel benchmark for closed form Henyey–Greenstein scattering as an example.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Human Podocalyxin-like Protein ORTHOLOGOUS RELATIONSHIP TO RABBIT PCLP1 AND RAT PODOCALYXIN

Human renal cortex and heart cDNA libraries were screened for a human homolog of rabbit PCLP1 using the rabbit PCLP1 cDNA as a probe. Clones spanning 5869 base pairs with an open reading frame coding for a 528-amino acid peptide were obtained. The putative peptide contains a potential signal peptide and a single membrane-spanning region. The extracellular domain contains multiple potential sites for N- and O-linked glycosylation and 4 cysteines for potential disulfide bonding similar to rabbit PCLP1. On Northern blot a major transcript is seen at 5.9 kilobases. Antibodies to this protein show a doublet at 160/165 kDa on Western blots of human glomerular extract and a pattern of intense glomerular staining and vascular endothelial staining on immunofluorescence of human kidney sections. Comparison of the rabbit and human peptide sequences shows a high degree of identity in the transmembrane and intracellular domains (96%) with a lower degree of identity in the extracellular domain (36%). An antibody to the intracellular domain reacted across species (human, rabbit, and rat) and recognized both rabbit PCLP1 and rat podocalyxin. An interspecies Southern blot probed with a cDNA coding for the intracellular domain showed strong hybridization to all vertebrates tested in a pattern suggesting a single copy gene. We conclude that this cDNA and putative peptide represent the human homolog of rabbit PCLP1 and rat podocalyxin.
Crystal structure and Mössbauer spectroscopy of Y2SrFeCuO6.5, a double layer perovskite intergrowth phase

The crystal structure of Y2SrFeCuO6.5 was determined from single-crystal X-ray and neutron powder diffraction studies. Mr = 488.81, orthorhombic, Ibam, a = 5.4036(8)[5.4149(1)] A, b = 10.702(1)[10.7244(1)] A, c = 20.250(2)[20.2799(2)] A; values in square brackets are neutron data. V = 1171.0(4), Z = 8, Dx = 5.544 g cm−3, λ = 0.71069 A, μ = 345.1 cm−1, R = 0.048 for 567 observed reflections. The FeCu atoms occupy randomly the approximate center of oxygen pyramids. The pyramids share the apical oxygen and articulate laterally by corner sharing of oxygen to form a double pyramidal layer perpendicular to c. The pyramidal slabs are separated by double layers of Y that are in 7-fold coordination to oxygen, forming a defect fluorite unit. Mossbauer spectra indicate a unique iron environment and magnetic ordering at about 265 K. The paramagnetic phase coexists with the magnetic phase over an approximate temperature range 300-263 K, characteristic of magnetic ordering in 2-D magnetic structures. The isomer shift, 0.26, and quadrupole splitting, 0.56 mm sec−1, are consistent with Fe3+ in 5-fold coordination and Hint values also indicate classic high spin Fe3+. The average YO bond length is 2.331(6) A and Sr is in a dodecahedral environment in which, however, two oxygen atoms at the corners of the cube are missing. The average SrO bond length is 2.793(10) A. The structure is derived from the Ruddlesden-Popper phase Srn+1TinO3n+1 with n = 2.
Negative Ions from Reactions of Alkalis with SnCl4, GeCl4 and TiCl4,

Abstract An atomic beam of cesium, with kinetic energy variable from 1 eV to 150 eV, intersects a thermal-energy beam of MCl 4 , where M = Sn, Ti, Ge and Si. Ionic products of these reactions are Cs + , MCl 4 − , MCl 3 − and Cl − . The kinetic energy thresholds for some of these product ions are measured for M = Sn and Ti. From these thresholds the electron affinities are deduced for MCl 4 and MCl 3 , as are some bond energies in the product negative ions. Alternatively, crossed beams of Cs 2 (or K 2 ) and MCl 4 are used with both beams having thermal energies. With M = Sn and Ge, Cs + (or K + ) and MCl 3 − are produced, and for these systems a lower limit for the electron affinity of MCl 3 is deduced. The molecular energetics reported here agree with values measured at Harvard University for M = Sn, but are in significant disagreement with the electron affinities of SnCl 3 and GeCl 3 obtained at Rice University.
Spin excitations in the low-temperature phase of Tm.

The rare-earth metal thulium has the ferrimagnetic-antiphase-domain spin arrangement at low temperatures. We show that the spin excitations in this magnetic structure are nearly localized and largely dispersionless modes. There are seven such modes between 8 and 10 meV, and they have not been resolved by neutron scattering experiments. On the other hand, these modes have different neutron scattering cross sections in different magnetic superzones, and this gives rise to what appears as a dispersion in the spin excitation peak in the extended Brillouin zone of the crystal. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Seasonal Variations in the Diurnal Characteristics of Heavy Hourly precipitation across the United States

Abstract Hourly precipitation data from 1967 to 1983 for the coterminous, United States were harmonically analyzed in order to document the diurnal variability of several categories of heavy hourly precipitation during winter, spring, summer, and autumn. The analysis revealed that the diurnal characteristics of hourly precipitation vary considerably with season, geographic region, and precipitation intensity. During winter and spring, a weak, late-morning frequency maximum prevails for the lightest (2.5–6.2 mm h−1) precipitation category. As intensity increases (to 6.3–12.6, 12.7–25.3, and ⩾25.4 mm h−1), the amplitude of the diurnal cycle also increases, and a nocturnal maximum becomes apparent across much of the eastern and central United States. In summer, the diurnal cycle is strongly modulated for all categories. The nocturnal region decreases in areal extent at this time of year, as an afternoon maximum becomes established across the southern and eastern states. In autumn, the nocturnal region again ...
Control of nuclear division in sv40 and adenovirus type 12 transformed mouse 3t3 cells.

Untransformed, non-tumorigenic mouse cells respond to cytochalasin B (CB) with limited nuclear division. BALB/c mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) and both BALB/c 3T3 and Swiss 3T3 cells become binucleated in the presence of CB and cells with three or more nuclei are very rare or undetectable. MEF are diploid (40 chromosomes) and 3T3 cells are subtetraploid (74-76 chromosomes). Transformation of MEF by SV40 produces a dramatic change in response to CB. These cells, which contain SV40 T-antigen, become highly multinucleated in the presence of CB. More than 20% of the cells have at least seven nuclei. Also premature chromosome condensation (PCC), an abnormality rare in CB-treated normal cells but one which is common to highly multinucleated cells, is frequent and occurs in at least 10% of mitoses. SV40-transformed MEF have 40 or 80 chromosomes, e.g. are diploid or tetraploid. Transformation of 3T3 by SV40 or adenovirus type 12 does not result in a marked change in the response to CB. Although some trinucleate and tetranucleate cells are formed, cells with more nuclei are undetectable or rare. PCC is also rare. These cells show chromosome numbers somewhat lower than their untransformed parents and in one line the chromosome number appears to decrease with passage of the cells. This failure to undergo a marked change in responsiveness to CB following transformation is not a characteristic of all transformed 3T3 cells. SVT2, a line of 3T3 which was transformed by SV40 prior to its establishment as a continuous line, responds to CB with a high degree of multinucleation. These cells are diploid. These results suggests that 3T3 cells are constitutive for controlled nuclear division and that this feature may be related to chromosome constitution.
Substrate specificity of Fpg (MutM) and hOGG1, two repair glycosylases.

8-Oxo-2‘-deoxyguanosine (OdG) is a prominent DNA damaged nucleotide that is a known promutagen and has been linked to cancer and aging. To limit the harmful effects of OdG, E. coli and human cells have evolved repair glycosylases, Fpg (MutM) and hOGG, respectively, that remove the 8-oxoguanine base from OdG:dC base pairs. Though much research has focused on the mode of substrate recognition by these enzymes, many unanswered questions have remained. Herein we report that both enzymes are active on a wide array of dG/OdG analogues that vary in their composition within the imidazole ring. These findings suggest that Fpg and hOGG recognize their substrate, at least in part, based on the lack of a lone pair at a fully sp2-hybridized N7.
The continent vesicostomy.

Abstract In a previous communication, 1 we reported on the creation of a continent vesicostomy using an intussuscepted anterior bladder flap tube. This procedure was performed on ten dogs and was successful in producing continence in eight. Emptying of the bladder was accomplished by intermittent unsterile catheterization of the stoma. This report presents the results of postoperative x-ray, blood, and urine studies, and indicates a technical modification of the original procedure.
A Component Analysis of Cognitive Restructuring

The present study was conducted to assess the contribution of the following components of cognitive restructuring: (a) extinction, (b) insight into negative self-statements, (c) knowledge and rehearsal of coping statements, and (d) a combination of insight into negative self-statements followed by learning and rehearsal of coping statements. Sixty communication-apprehensive subjects were divided among the four treatment groups and a waiting list control group. A low-anxious group also was included to test the validity of the dependent measures. Each treatment group met for five 1-hour weekly sessions. On both self-report and behavioral measures, the coping statement group improved more than the negative self-statement or extinction groups. The combination of the components produced the largest improvement at posttreatment and at a 6-week follow-up. These results suggest that while all of the components produce some improvement, the coping statement component is of primary importance to cognitive restructuring. Implications and further research directions are discussed.
Coronary Artery Fistulae after Orthotopic Heart Transplantation Are Associated with Decreased Prevalence of Transplant Coronary Artery Disease

Purpose Coronary artery fistulae (CAF) occur with a high frequency in orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) patients. It is unknown whether CAF formation has any relationship with development of transplant coronary artery disease (TCAD). Methods and Materials We evaluated 432 consecutive coronary angiograms of recipients transplanted from 1994-2011. Presence of CAF and TCAD were recorded. TCAD was defined as angiographic epicardial stenosis ≥ 30%. Unpaired t test and Fisher’s exact test were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 212 CAF were identified in 163 patients (37.7% of all patients) within one year post OHT. The most common termination structures were the pulmonary artery (55.7%), right atrium (23.1%), thoracic vessel (7.5%), and right ventricle (6.6%). During angiographic follow-up of 5.2±4.3 years, TCAD occurred in 9.8% of patients with CAF compared to 20% of patients without CAF (p=0.005). Immunosuppression with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil was more frequent in patients with CAF (72%) compared to patients without CAF (58%) (p=0.005). Other transplant characteristics were not statistically different. Conclusions CAF formation after OHT is associated with a 50% decrease in downstream development of TCAD. The implications of this finding and the mechanism of CAF formation in OHT will require further investigation. Transplant Characteristics in Patients With and Without Coronary Artery Fistulae (n=432) Coronary Artery Fistulae (n=163) No Coronary Artery Fistulae (n=269) p value Female 36 (22.1%) 50 (18.6%) 0.39 Transplant Age (years) 55 ± 14 56 ± 13 0.55 Donor Age (years) 31 ± 12 30 ± 11 0.18 Ischemic Time (minutes) 193 ± 78 178 ± 68 0.070 Previous Sternotomy 76 (46.6%) 107 (39.8%) 0.19 Cytomegalovirus Mismatch 30 (18.4%) 67 (24.9%) 0.12 Ischemic Reason for Transplant 74 (45.4%) 123 (45.7%) 1.0 Induction Therapy 55 (33.7%) 96 (35.7%) 0.75 Rejection within Year 1 of Transplant 11 (6.7%) 24 (8.9%) 0.47 Transplant Coronary Artery Disease 16 (9.8%) 54 (20.1%) 0.005
HVAC control using infinite-horizon economic MPC

Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems is usually heaviest when electricity prices are at their highest. The method of Economic Model Predictive Control (EMPC) can be used in conjunction with Thermal Energy Storage (TES) to time-shift power consumption away from periods of high demand to periods of low energy cost. In addition to enormous computational costs, implementation of such algorithms can result in unexpected and sometimes pathological closed-loop behavior, including inventory creep and bang-bang actuation. This paper will present an infinite-horizon formulation of the EMPC problem. While the design of this controller is achieved by a fairly simple convex optimization problem, it will be shown to alleviate many of the pathological behaviors observed in the finite-horizon case as well as significantly reduce the computational effort required for implementation. The method is illustrated on a simple building example using active TES.
Computational Study of the Adsorption of Trichlorophosphate, Dimethyl Methylphosphonate, and Sarin on Amorphous SiO2

Ab initio quantum chemical calculations have been performed to study the adsorption of trichlorophosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, and Sarin via hydrogen bonding to Si−OH groups on the amorphous SiO2 (a-SiO2) surface. Two SiO2 models are used: a small Si5O7H8 “cagelike” cluster and a larger Si21O56H28 structure designed to approximate the local environment in a-SiO2. In the latter case, regions of different local OH density are considered as adsorption sites. Adsorption energies, bonding geometries, and adsorbate vibrational modes are obtained, and anharmonicity is explicitly included in the treatment of the SiO−H stretching mode. The computed results for the adsorption-induced shift in frequency of the SiO−H stretch and of the molecular PO stretch are compared with the available experimental data. For all three species, the most stable adsorption geometry involves hydrogen bonding between two Si−OH groups and the O atom of the PO group.
A multidimensional scale for measuring business ethics: A purification and refinement

Many researchers in the field of business ethics have attempted to develop methods to determine and evaluate the ethics of a variety of different classes of people, including students, professionals, and mixed samples of students and professionals. Unfortunately, most of these studies were disjunctive, simply adding confusion to an already unfocused area of research. However, Reidenbach and Robin (1988, 1990), have changed this trend by attempting to quantify the various ethical philosophies into a multi-dimensional scale of business ethics. This paper examines the background of the Reidenbach and Robin (1988, 1990) scale — including the authors' findings, empirically tests the scale, and concludes that the scale needs further refinement. A promising result is a model with four dimensions: a broadbased ethical judgment dimension, a deontological judgment dimension, a teleological judgment dimension, and a social contract dimension.
On the Bayes fusion of visual features

We consider the problem of image classification when more than one visual feature is available. In such cases, Bayes fusion offers an attractive solution by combining the results of different classifiers (one classifier per feature). This is the general form of the so-called ''naive Bayes'' approach. This paper compares the performance of Bayes fusion with respect to Bayesian classification, which is based the joint feature distribution. It is well-known that the latter has lower bias than the former, unless the features are conditionally independent, in which case the two coincide. However, as originally noted by Friedman, the low variance associated with naive Bayes estimation may mitigate the effect of its inherent bias. Indeed, in the case of small training samples, naive Bayes may outperform Bayes classification in terms of error rate. The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we present a detailed analysis of the error rate of Bayes fusion assuming that the statistical description of the data is known. Second, we provide a qualitative justification of the small sample effect on the classifier's performance based on the bias/variance theory. Third, we present experimental results on three image data sets using color and texture features. Our experiments highlight the relationship between the error rate of the Bayes and the Bayes fusion classifiers as a function of the training sample size.
Relationships of the dimensions of intercultural communication competence

This study was designed to investigate the relationships between the dimensions and components of intercultural communication competence. In this study, 149 international students and 129 American people were used as respondents. Significant relationships were predicted. Results from correlation and canonical analyses showed that the two hypotheses were supported. Limitations and directions for future research were also discussed.
The agency between images: the relationships among ghosts, corpses, monks, and deities at a buddhist monastery in thailand

ABSTRACTThe ghost, Mae Nak, is well-known in Thai Buddhism as a protector of soldiers, pregnant mothers, and young lovers. Her shrine at Wat Mahabut (a monastery in Bangkok) is an important center of worship, astrology, and ritual protection. However, her statue is not alone. It is part of the pantheon of famous monks, “Hindu” deities, and Buddhas at Wat Mahabut. They draw power from each other. The relationship between these images, and what they can teach us about the study of Buddhist material and visual culture, is the subject of this study. The sacredness of a Thai Buddhist image often lies not in its origin and style, but in the relationships it creates and allows. Observing the complexity of Buddhist images and the ritual life surrounding them at this monastery helps expand and question Alfred Gell's theory of the agency of images and the “art nexus,” as well as Michael Taussig's theory of “distraction.”
Human detection and characterization through barriers

This tutorial will review and summarise the current state of knowledge in the area of obscured target detection. The talk will address the phenomenology and characteristics of wave propagation through barriers, such as ground, walls, foliage, etc., as a function of frequency and material properties. Techniques for detecting such obscured targets using radar techniques will be discussed. Both conventional and emerging waveforms will be presented. Detection of humans trapped in earthquake debris will also be addressed. The tutorial will be subdivided into the following main sections.Part I will describe different types of radar waveforms in general use, both conventional and emerging.In Part II, we will discuss how specific waveforms are affected by the EM environment and review the limitations of current techniques.In Part III, we will review emerging waveform designs for optimal target detection in enclosed structures behind barriers.Part IV will conclude by providing directions for further research.
Synaptic vesicle recycling at two classes of release sites in giant nerve terminals of the embryonic chicken ciliary ganglion.

Rapid synaptic transmission in the embryonic chicken ciliary ganglion occurs through the activation of two distinct classes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs): those containing 3 subunits (3*-AChRs) and those containing 7 subunits (7*-AChRs). 3*AChRs are found on ciliary neurons in clusters at synaptic sites on the cell body, whereas 7*-AChRs are found on somatic spines, which historically were thought not to have release sites in the embryo. However, Shoop et al. (Shoop et al. [1999] J. Neurosci. 19:692–704) recently described release sites having pre- and postsynaptic densities on somatic spines. We used transmission electron microscopy to compare the structure of synaptic sites on spines with those on the smooth surfaced part of the cell. We find that the two populations of sites are similar in active zone length, number of vesicles, and distance between vesicles and active zone. To study the functional properties of these sites, we examined their stimulationdependent uptake and release of the extracellular tracer horseradish peroxidase (HRP). We found that each class of release sites both took up and released HRP in a stimulation- and calcium-dependent manner. The mean fraction of synaptic vesicles labeled with tracer was similar for the two populations, both after loading (45%) and after unloading (7%). Thus we detect no differences between these two anatomically distinct classes of release sites, other than their incidence: sites on spines occurred only 12% as often as those on the cell body. The release sites on somatic spines presumably underlie synaptic responses attributable to
Electoral Guerrilla Theatre in Australia: Pauline Hanson vs. Pauline Pantsdown

Parody can be a potent political weapon—as demonstrated in the creation of “Pauline Pantsdown”, the in-your-face drag version of Pauline Hanson, the far-right founder of Australia's One Nation Party. Did Pantsdown bring Hanson down?
Definition and Evaluation of Mean Beam Lengths for Applications in Multidimensional Radiative Heat Transfer: A Mathematically Self-Consistent Approach

A set of mathematically self-consistent definitions of mean beam length is introduced to account for surface-surface, surface-volume, and volume-volume radiative exchanges in general three-dimensional inhomogeneous medium. Based on these definitions, the generic exchange factor (GEF) formulated by the recently introduced multiple-absorption-coefficient-zonal-method (MACZM) can be written in an equivalent one-dimensional form. The functional behavior of the proposed mean beam lengths is shown to be readily correlated by either simple algebraic relations or neural network based correlations. They can be implemented directly with MACZM in general computational code to account for the radiation effect in complex three-dimensional systems. In addition, these definitions of mean beam length can also be used to assess the accuracy of the conventional mean beam length concept currently used by the practicing engineering community.
Civilian Control of the Armed Forces in Democratic Latin America: Military Prerogatives, Contestation, and Mission Performance in Peru

This article presents a new framework for measuring civilian control of the armed forces in post-transition Latin America. Specifically, it builds on approaches that focus on military privileges and military protest, particularly in the face of government challenges to those privileges. Adding mission performance as a third dimension both helps us measure civilian control more accurately and provides causal leverage, as the three dimensions can interact. The paper demonstrates the utility of the framework through a close-up analysis of a critical case: civil–military relations in Peru since the 1990s.
Climbing fiber innervation of NG2-expressing glia in the mammalian cerebellum

The molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex is populated by glial progenitors that express ionotropic glutamate receptors and extend numerous processes among Purkinje cell dendrites. Here, we show that release of glutamate from climbing fiber (CF) axons produces AMPA receptor currents with rapid kinetics in these NG2-immunoreactive glial cells (NG2+ cells) in cerebellar slices. NG2+ cells may receive up to 70 discrete inputs from one CF and, unlike mature Purkinje cells, are often innervated by multiple CFs. Paired Purkinje cell-NG2+ cell recordings show that one CF can innervate both cell types. CF boutons make direct synaptic junctions with NG2+ cell processes, indicating that this rapid neuron-glia signaling occurs at discrete sites rather than through ectopic release at CF-Purkinje cell synapses. This robust activation of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors in NG2+ cells expands the influence of the olivocerebellar projection to this abundant class of glial progenitors.
Technical services and integrated library systems

The automation of technical service functions has led to many changes in workflows and culture. Recent enhancements have leveraged systems developed by materials vendors of books and serials to further enhance library efficiency, resulting in adjustments to how work is assigned both inside and outside the library. Future developments are expected in technical service functions following the same trends, as well as changes that will provide ways to manage the emerging electronic products.
Risk compensation theory should be subject to systematic reviews of the scientific evidence

“Risk compensation theory should be subject to systematic reviews of the scientific evidence” (Thompson, Thompson, and Rivara) and “The risk compensation theory and bicycle helmets”(Adams and Hillman) plus authors' responses are being republished electronically in a different order at the authors' request to avoid any potential confusion ( Injury Prevention 2002; 8 :e1; http://www.injuryprevention.com/cgi/content/full/8/2/e1). They were previously published in June 2001 ( Injury Prevention 2001; 7 :86–91). Many readers of Injury Prevention are quite familiar with the debate over bicycle helmet use. The core of this debate is the opinion on one side that helmets are effective and thus should be worn, countered on the other side by the belief that risk compensation negates this protective effect of helmets. A systematic review on helmet effectiveness has been published in the Cochrane Library.1 The objective of the Cochrane review was to determine whether bicycle helmets reduce head, brain, and facial injury for bicyclists of all ages involved in a crash. The principles required of high quality evidence based reviews were followed: a comprehensive literature search, pre-established study selection criteria, and most importantly a critical review of study methods. A well conducted systematic review identifies and considers all the literature (peer reviewed, government reports, and unpublished papers), and rates the study quality. Appropriately, such reviews only include better designed and conducted studies. The evidence is then summarized across all the studies. The literature search for the Cochrane review yielded five studies meeting the pre-established criteria for inclusion. The strengths and weaknesses of five case-control studies of bicycle helmet effectiveness were carefully evaluated. The scientific evidence which indicates that bicycle helmets protect against head, brain, severe brain and facial (upper and mid-face) injuries has been well established. Additionally, the evidence indicates that helmets provide injury protection in all type of crashes including those involving motor …
Origin of the lunar highlands Mg-suite: An integrated petrology, geochemistry, chronology, and remote sensing perspective

The Mg-suite represents an enigmatic episode of lunar highlands magmatism that presumably represents the first stage of crustal building following primordial differentiation. This review examines the mineralogy, geochemistry, petrology, chronology, and the planetary-scale distribution of this suite of highlands plutonic rocks, presents models for their origin, examines petrogenetic relationships to other highlands rocks, and explores the link between this style of magmatism and early stages of lunar differentiation. Of the models considered for the origin of the parent magmas for the Mg-suite, the data best fit a process in which hot (solidus temperature at ≥2 GPa = 1600 to 1800 °C) and less dense (ρ ~3100 kg/m3) early lunar magma ocean cumulates rise to the base of the crust during cumulate pile overturn. Some decompressional melting would occur, but placing a hot cumulate horizon adjacent to the plagioclase-rich primordial crust and KREEP-rich lithologies (at temperatures of <1300 °C) would result in the hybridization of these divergent primordial lithologies, producing Mg-suite parent magmas. As urKREEP (primeval KREEP) is not the “petrologic driver” of this style of magmatism, outside of the Procellarum KREEP Terrane (PKT), Mg-suite magmas are not required to have a KREEP signature. Evaluation of the chronology of this episode of highlands evolution indicates that Mg-suite magmatism was initiated soon after primordial differentiation (<10 m.y.). Alternatively, the thermal event associated with the mantle overturn may have disrupted the chronometers utilized to date the primordial crust. Petrogenetic relationships between the Mg-suite and other highlands suites (e.g., alkali-suite and magnesian anorthositic granulites) are consistent with both fractional crystallization processes and melting of distinctly different hybrid sources.
Printed coupled lines with lumped loads for realizing degenerate band edge and magnetic photonic crystal modes

This paper proposes 4/6-port lumped element printed microstrip circuits composed of dual and coupled transmission lines to realize higher order dispersion behaviors emulating the (degenerate band edge) DBE crystals and magnetic photonic crystals (MPC). Harnessing the maximally flat dispersion of DBE unit cells resulted in a miniature printed antenna with a lambda0/9 times lambda0/9 footprint, 3% bandwidth and 4.5 dB gain. As such, this DBE antenna is found to be near the optimal Chu-Harrington limits. It is demonstrated that the DBE unit cell can be further miniaturized via lumped capacitor inclusions. Also, for the first time, a straightforward printed circuit realization of the stationary inflection points (SIP) is presented. Its realization using simple printed circuits is expected to allow for new delay lines and non-linear devices harnessing these novel SIP properties. Higher order filters and high aperture efficient array designs are also mentioned as future applications of the DBE and MPC circuits.