cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TRENDS AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH USE OF MULTIPLE ARTERIAL GRAFTS FOR MULTIVESSEL CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT SURGERY: A STATE-WIDE ANALYSIS OF 68,357 PROCEDURES

Current evidence suggests that CABG surgery performed using multiple arterial grafts (MAG) may be associated with improved outcomes compared with CABG using a single arterial graft (SAG) or no arterial grafts (NAG). However, the uptake and factors associated with use of MAG-CABG in real-world
Financial Market Risk

In the first 5 min (9:30–9:35 AM EST) after the market opened on Friday, June 24, 2016, the trading volume of the Dow Jones Industrial Average reached 5.71 million shares; by the closing minute (4:00 PM), the volume was over 63 million shares (Table 2.1). Over the course of the day, a total of 5.2 million trades were processed by the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), and over five million of these were small trades of 1–2000 shares.
The Alarming Increase in Vaping among Youth.

Can you imagine a teenager spending $150 per week for his vaping habit? This disturbing report appeared during a recent nightly television news broadcast, along with the announcement of an upcoming...
Physics Embedded Deep Neural Network for Phase Retrieval under Low Photon Conditions

We design a deep neural network where the known physical forward operator is explicitly embedded and apply it to phase retrieval under low photon conditions to achieve better performance over the end-to-end approach.
Hyponatremia in cancer patients: Strategy for safe correction in the hospital:

Hyponatremia is a common but challenging disorder to treat. The pathogenesis and the workup can be unexpectedly complicated, and the available therapies are manifold. Instead of trying to wrangle a...
Lymph vessels find a hairy niche

Lymphatic vessels play important roles in coordinating fluid homeostasis and local immune responses of the tissues they reside in. A new study shows that in addition, lymphatic vessels of the skin are intimately associated with hair follicles and control HF development, cycling, and organization.
Framing Hate: Moral Foundations, Party Cues, and (In)Tolerance of Offensive Speech

One of the most controversial elements of political tolerance concerns support for hate speech. We argue that there are two factors that can reduce tolerance for hate speech: 1) moral foundations and 2) party cues. U.S. citizens’ tolerance of hate speech will be reduced when it is framed as a violation of a specific moral foundation, opposed by a political party, or when the morality violation is utilized by party elites. Using two survey experiments, we manipulated the target of hate speech (i.e. Muslims or the American flag), whether the speech violated a moral foundation (i.e. harm or loyalty), and which political party supported or opposed the hate speech in question. For flag burning, moral frames and party cues on their own reduced U.S. citizens’ tolerance relative to a non-political control, while moral frames and party cues were successful in reducing tolerance of anti-Muslim speech compared to a free speech appeal. Partisans were generally responsive to cues from the in-party. We also found instances of moral repackaging, where morally incongruent appeals from the in-party reduced tolerance of flag burning among Democrats. Among Republicans, harm morality decreased tolerance of anti-Muslim speech when invoked by the in-party, but increased tolerance when used by the out-party – an indication of the power of party cues to repackage moral arguments and to trigger backlash. These results provide a better understanding of what factors can affect tolerance for hate speech, providing political leaders and social justice advocates with a roadmap to alleviate this problem.
Computational exposition of multistable rhythms in 4-cell neural circuits

Abstract The co-existence of multistable rhythms generated by oscillatory neural circuits made up of 4 and more cells, their onset, stability conditions, and the transitions between such rhythms are not well understood. This is partly due to the lack of appropriate visual and computational tools. In this study, we employ modern computational approaches including unsupervised machine learning (clustering) algorithms and fast parallel simulations powered by graphics processing units (GPUs) to further extend our previously developed techniques based on the theory of dynamical systems and bifurcations. This allows us to analyze the fundamental principles and mechanisms that ensure the robustness and multifunctionality of such neural circuits. In addition, we examine how network topology affects the dynamics, and the rhythmic patterns transition/bifurcate as network configurations are altered and the intrinsic properties of the cells and the synapses are varied. This study elaborates on a set of inhibitory coupled 4-cell circuits that can exhibit a variety of mono- and multistable rhythms including pacemakers, paired half-centers, traveling-waves, synchronized states, as well as various chimeras. Our detailed analysis is helpful to generate verifiable hypotheses for neurophysiological experiments with biological central pattern generators.
Inverse Association Between the Quantity of Human Peripheral Blood CXCR5+IFN-γ+CD8+ T Cells With De Novo DSA Production in the First Year After Kidney Transplant

Background: We recently reported that a novel CXCR5IFN-γCD8 T cell subset significantly inhibits posttransplant alloantibody production in a murine transplant model. These findings prompted the current study to investigate the association of human CD8 T cells with the same phenotype with the development of de novo donor-specific antibody (DSA) after kidney transplantation. Methods: In the current studies, we prospectively and serially analyzed peripheral blood CD8 and CD4 T cell subsets and monitored for the development of de novo DSA in kidney transplant recipients during the first year posttransplant. We report results on 95 first-time human kidney transplant recipients with 1-year follow-up. Results: Twenty-three recipients (24.2%) developed de novo DSA within 1-year posttransplant. Recipients who developed DSA had significantly lower quantities of peripheral CXCR5IFN-γCD8 T cells (p=0.01) and significantly lower ratios of CXCR5IFN-γCD8 T cell to combined CD4 Th1/Th2 cell subsets (IFN-γCD4 and IL-4CD4 cells; p=0.0001) compared to recipients who remained DSA-negative over the first year posttransplant. Conclusion: Our data raise the possibility that human CXCR5IFN-γCD8 T cells are a homologue to murine CXCR5IFNγCD8 T cells (termed antibody-suppressor CD8 T cells) and that the quantity of CXCR5IFN-γCD8 T cells (or the ratio of CXCR5IFN-γCD8 T cells to Th1/Th2 CD4 T cells) may identify recipients at risk for development of DSA.
Partial Differential Equations of the First Order

We consider linear partial differential equations of the first order. A partial differential equation is linear if the dependent variables, i.e., the functions that are being solved for, appear only to the first power and the coefficients, i.e., the factors the derivatives are multiplied by, do not contain the dependent variables.
An Assessment of Organizational Culture Traits Impacting Problem Solving for Lean Transformation

Abstract An organization’s culture is a significant contributor to its success with Lean transformations and structured problem solving practices are essential to achieving continuous improvement. This research focuses on establishing whether a relationship exists between the organization’s culture and the capability of team members to engage in structured problem solving practices. Six hypotheses were formulated based on potential relationships between steps required for structured problem solving, and critical organizational culture traits that influence an organization’s problem solving capabilities. A survey was administered to gather data as are necessary for evaluating the hypotheses. Results indicate there is a positive correlation between organizational cultural traits and the ability of team members to engage in structured problem solving practices for continuous improvement. For all hypotheses, the survey results permitted their rejection. This study examined the relationship between one organizational culture trait and one (or a few) problem solving step(s). It is, however, likely that multiple culture traits affect multiple problem solving steps and vice versa. Further studies to examine such relationships can be very useful to help ascertain how best to develop an organizational culture (traits) to succeed and sustain lean transformations. Study findings can guide organizations in their journey towards Lean transformation by helping identify organizational culture traits that must be promoted. Promoting the desired culture traits can create an environment where team members can engage in structured problem solving effectively to help continuous improvement for Lean transformations. The empirical examination of potential relationships between an organization’s cultural traits and the ability of team members to engage in continuous improvement through the problem solving for lean transformations is lacking. The work presented in this paper helps address that gap.
Finding the Balance: General Surgery Resident Versus Fellow Training and Exposure in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery

Background Institutions training both General Surgery (GS) residents and Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary (HPB) fellows must strive for adequate case volumes for each trainee cohort. Methods Six academic years of graduating ACGME Residency and HPB Fellowship Council case logs (July 2011-June 2017) and institutional administrative faculty billing data were examined at a single high-volume center with a formal HPB Surgical Division with both GS Residency and HPB Surgery Fellowship trainees. Results During the 6-year period, 7482 operations were performed by HPB faculty (5.5 total full-time equivalent (FTE)) and included 2419 major liver, 375 major biliary, and 1591 major pancreas cases. Residents/fellows performed 1102 (50%)/1101 (50%) of all major liver operations, 165 (49.7%)/163 (50.3%) major biliary operations, and 843 (59.2%)/581 (40.8%) major pancreas operations, with significantly different case mix of pancreas for resident versus fellow, p Conclusions Our experience in training both GS residents and HPB fellows with a formal HPB Surgical Division suggests that a high volume HPB Division allows for more than adequate exposure for both groups of trainees.
Decoding the Epistemological Framework of Social Work Research: Attrition of Under-represented Minority and Marginalised Students in Higher Education in the United States

Six out of ten of the minority students, who enrol each year in colleges and universities in the United States, do not graduate within six years (College Board, 2019)—some not at all. The phenomenon of attrition of under-represented minority and marginalised students in the United States has persisted over decades, taking a place in the history of higher education literature without a full understanding of the underlying factors. There have been numerous empirical studies on under-represented minority and marginalised students’ attrition rates spanning across the national, state, and institutional levels drawn upon longitudinal and cross-sectional data. However, there is sparse data to show marginalised and under-represented minority students’ lived experiences on US campuses. The problem of attrition in higher education remains largely among under-represented minority students. The purpose of this chapter is to describe and to prescribe the importance of decoding the epistemological framework in social work inquiries to understand the perspectives of marginalised and under-represented minority students’ experiences in higher education. By learning about how these populations negotiate and navigate through the higher education institutions will shed light and help to address this problem decreasing attrition rates. The chapter starts by providing definitions of both the barriers that under-represented minority and marginalised students encounter and terminologies used in the literature to identify the issue at hand and outline a philosophical framework for social work inquiries.
Obesity at Age 6 Months Is Associated with Shorter Preschool Leukocyte Telomere Length Independent of Parental Telomere Length.

Objective To assess whether early modifiable dietary factors and obesity measures are associated with leukocyte telomere length at 3-5 years of age after controlling for the heritability of leukocyte telomere length in a prospective cohort of low-income Latina mothers and their children in San Francisco. Study design We analyzed data from the Latinx, Eating and Diabetes cohort, a prospective study of 97 woman-infant dyads. We used linear regression models to evaluate associations between early dietary factors and obesity measures and child leukocyte telomere length at 3-5 years of age. Multivariable models included child age at the time of telomere collection, breastfeeding at 6 months (yes/no), obesity at 6 months, maternal education, child sex, and maternal and paternal leukocyte telomere length. Results Data for 73 of the 97 children at 3-5 years of age were analyzed. Any breastfeeding at 6 months was positively associated (β = 0.14; P = .02) and obesity at 6 months was negatively associated (β = −0.21; P Conclusions In a low-income Latinx population, obesity at 6 months of age is negatively associated with cellular health at 3-5 years of age after controlling for genetic factors (parental leukocyte telomere length) associated with leukocyte telomere length. Early life obesity may be more deleterious for cellular health than obesity later in childhood.
Machine Learning for Predicting Stock Market Movement using News Headlines

There are many factors that affect performance of stock market, such as global and local economy, political events, supply and demand, and out of the ordinary events, as COVID-19 pandemic. The factors may not only influence the stock market movement, but also influence each other. We propose to observe the movement of Dow Jones Industrial Average in relations to daily news. We use top-5 news headlines from Reddit to create 1Day and 5-Day models to predict if Dow Jones Industrial Average movement will be in Down and Up direction from the moment the market opens till it closes. We propose use of shallow (traditional) Machine Learning algorithms and Deep Learning algorithms. Additionally, we explore the effect of word representation, using TF-IDF and GloVE approaches. Moreover, we evaluate our models in terms of accuracy of prediction on data sets containing data before pandemic and during pandemic. Our models show that Deep Learning models uniformly have higher accuracy than Machine Learning ones. Convolution Neural Network with TFIDF and 5 Days prediction performs the best for the dataset before the pandemic with accuracy of 59.6%. Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), a class of Recurrent Neural Networks, with GloVe and 1 Day prediction outperforms the other models for dataset during the pandemic with the accuracy of 62.9%.
Capturing Metastable Oxide Semiconductors for Applications in Solar Energy Conversion.

ConspectusMany small bandgap semiconductors have been discovered or predicted to exist beyond the edges of stability, that is, accessible only as metastable solids that are thermodynamically unstable. In many cases, these metastable semiconductors have been revealed to have technologically promising properties for solar energy conversion, such as in photocatalysis or in photovoltaics. This Account presents a review of research results selected from my group and others in recent years on these semiconductors. Notably, these include the chemical systems of mixed-metal oxides (i.e., M'MOx; M = Ti(IV), Nb(V), or Ta(V) cation; M' = Ag(I), Cu(I), Sn(II), Pb(II), or Bi(III) cation), which have diverse structure types and compositions. High photocatalytic activities have been found for the light-driven reduction or oxidation of water as p- or n-type photoelectrodes, respectively, or as suspended powders in aqueous solutions. These have exhibited new combinations of favorable semiconductor properties, such as deep visible-light absorption, near-optimal band edge energies, defect tolerance, and functional carrier mobilities and charge separation. As described herein, this set of properties is inextricably linked to their metastable nature, that is, the crystalline structures and compositions needed for these characteristics lead naturally to thermodynamic instabilities.This Account focuses on current research efforts that have begun unlocking the potential of these semiconductors via new recent advances in (1) synthetic approaches that enable their preparation and (2) the understanding of structure-property relationships discovered at the precipices of stability that lead to the improved semiconductor properties. For example, low-temperature reactions have been developed to facilitate greater kinetic control, such as with the use of molten salts, and have been a key factor in preparing many of these semiconductors. As a result, a plethora of promising new mixed-metal oxide systems have been uncovered that exhibit band gaps spanning the range of photon energies from ∼1.3 to >3.0 eV. Especially relevant for visible-light applications are the Cu(I)- and Sn(II)-containing semiconductors. For example, n-type Sn(II)-titanates and p-type Cu(I)-niobates can be synthesized by flux methods and exhibit some of the smallest known visible-light band gaps that also maintain suitable conduction and valence band edges for driving the water-splitting half reactions. Kinetic stabilization of these metastable semiconductors against thermally driven phase segregation is increased with the formation of solid solutions for both the M and M' cation sites, leading to effective strategies to more finely tune their band gaps, band edge energies, and photoelectrochemical properties. Many unique and useful relationships are emerging between the synthesis and structures of metastable semiconductors and their physical properties, leading to more efficient solar energy conversion.
Photoelectric effect on concrete artifacts produced with the addition of luminescent substances and polymer residues

Abstract Among the practical applications of Quantum Physics, photoluminescence has stood out in different contexts in Engineering and Architecture. Due to the photoelectric effect, certain substances emit photons after being exposed to solar energy. In research in Mexico and Europe, these substances were applied to obtain a photoluminescent effect on bicycle paths. The objective of the research is to investigate the behavior of polymeric residues with the luminescent effect of rare-earth materials in the production of concrete artifacts to illuminate pedestrian and cyclist paths. The concrete blocks were produced with the addition of polymeric recycling waste and luminescent materials, exposed to solar radiation, and tested for mechanical strength. The results of the experiments showed that the polymer residue in concrete significantly increases photon emission, especially when it is processed by extrusion. Although the mixture of photoluminescent materials and polymers reduces the strength of concrete, it still met research objectives for a product meant to illuminate pedestrian and cyclist paths.
Intracoronary Imaging for Plaque Characterization

Decades of post-mortem evaluations have demonstrated that the plaques triggering fatal myocardial infarction have certain distinct morphologic characteristics. As various intracoronary imaging techniques have been developed and brought to market, there has been a growing interest to apply these imaging modalities to detect specific plaque morphologic features that may indicate lesion vulnerability. The focus of this chapter will be to discuss plaque characterization using each of the intracoronary imaging modalities that are currently available for clinical use in the United States. These intracoronary imaging modalities include intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). This chapter will provide an overview of these modalities in plaque characterization.
Wide-Field Imaging and Angiography

Fundus imaging has become an integral part of the retinal examination. Several techniques of fundus imaging are available for clinicians and researchers. The scanning laser ophthalmoscope is an innovative system that is greatly improving fundus imaging because of the advantages it offers over traditional fundus photography. A specialized scanning laser ophthalmoscope is able to produce a picture of essentially the entire retina in a single image through a nonmydriatic pupil. Wide-field imaging and angiography can be used to diagnose disease, to aid in management decisions, and to follow the effectiveness of treatment for many retinal diseases. Wide-field angiography delineates a larger area of the retinal circulation than traditional fluorescein angiog­raphy. Expert analysis of wide-field images provides a reliable assessment of the patient’s fundus and provides sufficient detail to enable the ophthalmologist to detect subtle pathological changes such as retinal tears, holes, and hemorrhages. Currently, the scanning-laser ophthalmoscope has been accepted as a supplement to a clinical retina examination but not as a replacement for it. Wide-field images are currently being validated as a screening tool for certain retinal pathologies such as diabetic retinopathy and retinal detachments. Wide-field imaging has special advantages in following the progression of certain choroidal diseases, specifically, large or peripheral nevi, tumors, and metas­tases. New techniques are being developed and pioneered that combine wide-field imaging with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope with different technologies, such as optical coherence tomography and indocyanine-green angiography that catapult this technology to an even higher level in delineating retinal pathology.
Fair Division: A New Approach to the Spratly Islands Controversy

The Spratly Islands are a group of over 230 small islands and reefs in the South China Sea. Both China and Taiwan, as well as four members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) – Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Brunei –have made claims on part or all of the land areas and surrounding waters, which are believed to have major oil and gas deposits. Because there are overlapping claims, and no single country has had continuous possession of the area, it is unlikely that international legal procedures can resolve the dispute quickly. There are four major issues in the dispute: sovereignty, economic development, freedom of passage, and regional security. We focus on sovereignty and suggest a two-step process for dividing the islands. A fair-division procedure called Adjusted Winner (AW) would first be applied to the allocation between China and ASEAN, after which there would be an allocation among the ASEAN states. The example used to illustrate AW divides the region into five zones and concentrates on the first step, negotiation between China and ASEAN. We present three potential bidding strategies for China, and two for ASEAN, that give six different allocations of the islands. The AW allocations are efficient, equitable, envy-free and, in our example, give both sides between 65% and 83% of what we assume they would prefer.
An Opportunity for Mutual Learning between Organizational Learning and Global Strategy Researchers: Transactive Memory Systems

The concept of transactive memory systems affords an opportunity for organizational learning and global strategy researchers to learn from each other to their mutual benefit. A transactive memory system is a collective system for encoding, storing, and retrieving information. Teams with well-developed transactive memory systems have been found to perform better on a variety of tasks than teams lacking such memory systems. The preponderance of research on transactive memory systems has been at the team level of analysis. I argue that extending the concept of transactive memory to the organizational level and studying the concept in global firms would advance knowledge about transactive memory systems as well as increase our understanding of global strategy.
Further Considerations of Underwriting Margins, Interest Rates, Stability, Stationarity, Cointegration, and Time Trends

This article provides a philosophical discussion detailing the limitations of univariate analysis in the pre-testing step of data analysis. The case in point is the relationship between the property-liability aggregate underwriting margin and interest rates. Haley (1993) and Choi, Hardigree, and Thistle (2002) both found strong evidence indicating such a relationship exists. Since then assorted authors, relying extensively on univariate analysis, have questioned the cointegration conclusion. The paper uses a cointegration analysis of the property-liability aggregate underwriting margin and interest rates (1930–2000) to illustrate the discussion.
Introduction: Radio and IR studies of molecular clouds

An overview of the development of molecular astronomy, together with future prospects, is given.
Recasting Iranian Modernity: International Relations and Social Change, by Kamran Matin

Though fairly short, Recasting Iranian Modernity has great intellectual ambition, showing how a sophisticated reconstruction of Marxist theory might challenge dominant paradigms in international re...
Diagnosis and interventional radiological treatment of vascular and biliary complications after liver transplantation in children with biliary atresia.

Abstract Objective Early diagnosis and appropriate management of vascular and biliary complications after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) result in longer survival. We report our institutional experience regarding radiological management of these complications among patients with biliary atresia (BA) who underwent LDLT. Methods We analyzed the records of 116 children. All patients underwent Doppler ultrasound (US) at operation, daily for the first 2 postoperative weeks, and when necessary thereafter. After primary evaluation using US, the definite diagnosis of postoperative complication was confirmed using computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and/or operation. Results There were 61 boys and 55 girls. The overall mean age was 2.69 years. The overall mean preoperative weight and height were 13.06 kg and 83.79 cm, respectively. There were 28 (24.13%) biliary and vascular complications. These were cases of biliary stricture (n = 5), bile leakage (n = 3), hepatic artery stenosis (n = 6), hepatic vein stenosis (n = 4), and portal vein thrombosis (n = 17). The diagnostic accuracy of US in detecting biliary complication, hepatic artery stenosis, hepatic venous stenosis, and portal vein thrombosis was 95.69%, 97.41%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. US in combination with multiple imaging modalities and clinical suspicion resulted in 100% diagnostic accuracy. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, thrombolysis, balloon angioplasty, and stent placement were performed for the complications noted. There was an early mortality due to multiple-organ failure after failed radiological invention and subsequent surgical management. Conclusions Doppler US is accurate in detecting postoperative complications after pediatric LDLT for BA. Radiological interventions for vascular and biliary complications are effective and safe alternatives to reconstructive surgery.
Lacosamide-Induced Valproic Acid Toxicity

Valproic acid is commonly used in the treatment of both focal and generalized epilepsies and is often well tolerated. There are many reported cases of hyperammonemic encephalopathy and other well-known side effects reported during use of valproic acid either alone or in combination with other antiepileptics. This case report demonstrates valproic acid toxicity in the presence of lacosamide, which has not previously been reported. Full recovery occurred after withdrawal of both valproic acid and lacosamide.
Report On ‘Planning And Implementing Curriculum Change in Chemistry: A Case Study in Creating a Blended General/Organic Course Sequence’

A new curriculum involving a blended general and organic chemistry course is being introduced at San Jose State University this fall by Stephen Branz and Maureen Scharberg. They shared their experiences in creating this new curriculum and described how they overcame resistance to this change from the university community to the workshop participants. The participants of the workshop then had the opportunity to examine the new curriculum and consider how they would approach problems in both the planning and implementation phase of such a project. The workshop participants created a final list of ‘pros and cons’ for the planning stage (content, pedagogy, and transportability) and a list of possible strategies for the implementation stage (marketing, resources, and logistics).
Cu-X-bpy (X = Cl, Br; bpy = 4,4‘-bipyridine) Coordination Polymers: The Stoichiometric Control and Structural Relations of [Cu2X2(bpy)] and [CuBr(bpy)]

By controlling stoichiometry, three Copper(I) containing coordination polymers [Cu2Cl2(bpy)] (I), [Cu2Br2(bpy)] (II), and [CuBr(bpy)] (III) (bpy = 4,4‘-bipyridine) have been synthesized in superheated water at 170 °C. The crystal structures of I and II are two-dimensional networks composed of Cu2X2 double chains bridged by 4,4‘-bpy molecules through the nitrogen sites. The structure of III is a three-dimensional interpenetrating network constructed by concatenated 2D sheets. TGA studies indicate that these compounds are thermally stable up to 220 °C.
Impact of Acute Beta-Blocker Therapy for Patients with Non–ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Abstract Purpose Early use of beta-blockers is a quality indicator for the treatment of patients with non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), despite limited data from randomized clinical trials in this population. We sought to determine the impact of acute beta-blocker therapy on outcomes in patients with NSTEMI. Subjects and Methods We examined acute ( Results A total of 82.5% of patients without documented contraindications received acute beta-blocker therapy. Factors strongly associated with acute beta-blocker use included prior beta-blocker use, higher presenting systolic blood pressure, lower heart rate, lack of signs of heart failure, and cardiology care. Acute beta-blocker use was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (unadjusted 3.9% vs 6.9%, P Conclusions The majority of NSTEMI patients receive acute beta-blocker therapy. Certain patient subgroups remain undertreated. Because treatment with acute beta-blockers was associated with improved clinical outcomes in nearly all patient subgroups assessed, broader use in patients with NSTEMI appears warranted.
Relating motor and cognitive interventions in animals and humans

Cognition and motor performance are essential components of human functioning. Recent research has provided evidence that these two domains are more interrelated than previously thought. This is a potentially important area of research with many questions that warrant further exploration and have practical implications to the field of neurological rehabilitation. In this review of literature we included animals and humans in healthy conditions as well as pathological conditions affecting the central nervous system. Our primary goal was to comprehensively review the relevant basic science and clinical literature on the effects of motor interventions on cognitive function and vice versa. We found more evidence supporting positive effects of exercise on cognition than effects of cognitive training on motor function. In addition, we examined the extent to which findings from animal literature have been or can be translated to humans. We found that, with the exception of one study in monkeys, most animal studies which investigate rodents are somewhat challenging to translate to human studies, independent of the intervention employed. It is difficult to find a human parallel to exercise in rodents, because both the voluntary and forced exercise paradigms used in rodents happen in a different context than humans. In addition it is difficult to find an animal parallel to cognitive training in humans, because the environmental enrichment intervention cannot be considered “purely” cognitive stimulation as it also involves sensory, motor and social components. We conclude the review by suggesting avenues for future research and intervention strategies.
The proximate determinants of sex ratio in C. elegans populations.

Summary The soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an example of a species in which self-fertilizing hermaphrodites predominate, but functional males continue to persist – allowing outcrossing to persevere at low levels. Hermaphrodites can produce male progeny as a consequence of sex chromosome non-disjunction or via outcrossing with males. Consequently, the genetics of sex determination coupled with the efficiency by which males find, inseminate and obtain fertilizations with hermaphrodites will influence the frequency at which males and outcrossing occurs in such populations. Behavioural and physiological traits with a heritable basis, as well as ecological characters, may influence male reproductive success and therefore sex ratio. Because sex ratio is tied to male reproductive success, sex ratio greatly affects outcrossing rates, patterns of genetic variation, and the ability of natural selection to act within populations. In this paper we explore the determinants of male frequency in C. elegans with a mathematical model and experimental data. We address the role of the genetic machinery of sex determination via sex chromosome non-disjunction on sex ratio and the influence of physiological components of C. elegans ’ life history that contribute to variation in sex ratio by way of male reproductive success. Finally, we discuss the short-term and long-term factors that are likely to affect sex ratio and breeding system evolution in species like C. elegans.
Failure of DEAE Sephadex feeding to lower blood and milk lipids of cows.

Abstract DEAE Sephadex, the diethylaminoethyl derivative of a cross-linked dextran, in some species has lowered serum sterols, phospholipids, and triglycerides by binding bile acids in the intestinal tract and increasing lipid excretion in feces. This research examines its effect in dairy cows. First, in in vitro incubation tests at 39 C, the compound was not degraded by rumen microorganisms. When fed to Holstein cows at 0, 1, 2, and 4%, Sephadex had no effect on blood or milk cholesterol and other lipids. These results contrast with those of others in simplestomached animals in which serum lipids are lowered and fecal excretion of fats increased when Sephadex is fed. When a simulated cow diet was given to rats, the excretory fat augmentation by DEAE Sephadex was essentially abolished. This suggests that failure of cows to respond to DEAE Sephadex may derive from the nature of the ruminant diet.
Treatment of Aspergillus infection of the proximal aortic prosthetic graft with associated vertebral osteomyelitis.

Abstract This is a case report of an unusual vascular graft infection involving an invasive Aspergillus species with associated vertebral osteomyelitis. Successful treatment was obtained by graft incision, extra-anatomic bypass, and prolonged antibiotic therapy. To our knowledge this is the first successful treatment of invasive Aspergillus of an aortic prosthetic graft. (J VASC SURG 1984;1:579-81.)
On the origin of human tumors

A proposal is made to extend the commitment theory of cellular aging to the process of tumorigenesis. Indirect data are cited in support of a scheme whereby human tumors arise from a small number of unique cells which are termed "uncommitted." The process of tumorigenesis as described is both multistep and reversible.
Problem solving anchored instruction about sick days for adolescents with diabetes.

This study's hypotheses were that both shortly after instruction and after an 8-month follow-up, diabetic children taught via anchored instruction (AI), a format for problem solving, would outperform controls. Subjects were 8 1 9–15-year-old campers with insulin dependent diabetes who were randomly assigned to AI or control groups for two 45-min small group teaching sessions. AIs viewed a video about a girl who mismanages her diabetes during intercurrent illness, and they were challenged to identify, define and solve her errors. Controls learned sick-day management via conventional direct instruction. At the end of the 2-week camp, AI and control groups' scores on factual knowledge were equal. AIs were more likely than controls at the end of the camp (0.75 vs. 0.54, P < 0.05) and 8 months later (0.59 vs. 0.38, P < 0.02) to provide a rationale for the use of remembered guidelines. Across all campers, this ability to link guidelines and their rationales was significantly correlated (r = 0.55, P < 0.01) with the number of self-management practices employed by campers who suffered an illness between the end of camp and the 8-month follow-up. Only one long-term behavioral difference between groups emerged: AIs' parents shared in making most diabetes decisions on sick days, while controls' parents left more decision making to their children. AI appears at least as good as conventional teaching, and may better 'link' rules and reasons, perhaps aiding daily real-life problem solving.
Does green energy help firm performance

Environmental protection and sustainability is an emerging management topic. However, it is not easy for a for-profit firm to assign financial resources to sustainability, particularly when it hampers financial performance. We use Fortune 500 firms and examine the impact of participation in the green power partnership programme and using higher-priced clean energy on firm financial performance. Since energy is a commodity and clean energy is not different from other sources of energy usage, we argue that firms’ financial performance will be hampered by purchasing green energy. However, at the same time we argue that focal firms’ stock prices are positively associated with the use of clean energy due to heightened awareness of the importance of environmental protection. We find that using green energy does not hamper firms’ financial performance, but we do find that firms’ future potential as measured by Tobin’s Q is positively associated with green energy use. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings with respect to increased stock market performance, as well as the potential reasons for our unexpected findings with respect to financial performance.
EFFECT OF VARIATIONS IN VOCAL PITCH AND LOUDNESS UPON RAPID SYLLABLE REPETITIONS

This study investigated the effects of variations of vocal pitch and loudness upon rate and periodicity of rapid syllable repetition. 40 young adult women, who altered vocal pitch and loudness leve...
Structure of liquid Ga and the liquid-vapor interface of Ga.

This paper describes a quantitative comparison of the predicted and observed structure in the liquid-vapor interface of a metal. We report the results of a theoretical study of the structure of the liquid-vapor interface of Ga, based on self-consistent quantum Monte Carlo simulations using a pseudopotential representation of the electron-ion and the ion-ion interactions. The single-particle density distribution along the normal to the interface is predicted to display stratification, with a spacing of about an atomic diameter and the amplitude of the density oscillations decaying to zero after about a four-layer penetration into the bulk liquid. The pair structure function in the plane of the liquid-vapor interface is predicted to be essentially the same as that in the bulk liquid. The qualitative and quantitative character of these predictions are in very good agreement with the results of recent experimental studies.
Creme de la Creme [AP-S Turnstile]

As a clutch of new science books [1] readily demonstrates, there is a lot of uncertainty not only about the current status of physics, but also (Heisenberg's principle notwithstanding) about how fast the field is progressing (some would even say regressing). To be sure, there have been exciting developments [1], such as the experimental discovery of the Higgs boson, which completes the so-called Standard Model of particle physics, and the impressive new satellite data about the cosmic microwave background (CMB), which leads us ever closer to a deep understanding of the conditions prevailing in the early universe (i.e., shortly after the Big Bang). Yet, when it comes to the “Holy Grail,” namely a grand theory that would unify the Standard Model with Einstein's theory of General Relativity, physicists seem to be as much at a loss now as they were nearly a generation ago. In his new book [2], Farewell to Reality: How Modern Physics Has Betrayed the Search for Scientific Truth, Jim Baggott complains bitterly about theoretical developments such as string theory, calling them “fairytale physics,” since they have not been accompanied by actual experimental evidence or even testable predictions.
Gravitational deposition of aerosol particles from a developing flow in a horizontal circular tube

Abstract Aerosol particle deposition due to gravitational settling in a horizontal circular duct is examined for steady laminar flow, which develops from a uniform velocity profile at the entrance to a parabolic velocity profile downstream. Numerical calculation methods, based on the analysis of the limiting trajectories of the particles, are used to determine the deposition efficiency as a function of the duct entrance length. The results show that the deposition for the limiting cases of very large or small settling approach the solutions for deposition in a slug or a Poiseuille flow, respectively. In addition, particle inertial effects were included and for relatively large inertia, the deposition rate was significantly affected.
Knowledge based synthesis system for injection molding

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1985.
Osteosarcoma of navicular bone. En bloc excision and salvage of the foot.

Abstract Aim To present foot salvage for osteosarcoma of the navicular bone with en bloc resection and reconstruction using bone allograft and talus-cuneiform arthrodesis. Patient and surgical technique A 20year-old male with a history of osteosarcoma of the distal femur presented to our department 5years later with a metastatic lesion of the navicular bone of the contralateral foot. The patient received 4 cycles of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy with satisfactory response. Tumor shrinkage allowed en bloc excision of the navicular bone with clear margins. Reconstruction was done using a tricortical allograft and talus-allograft-cuneiform arthrodesis, secured with a mini-fracture plate (Synthes). Weight bearing protection was advised for 2months and partial weight bearing for another 4months. Patient received 4 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. Results Three years postoperatively, the patient was free of local recurrence or distant metastasis. There were no signs of allograft resorption, fracture or non union. The patient was asymptomatic and full weight bearing. Ankle and subtalar joint motion was within normal limits. Conclusion Foot salvage after excision of osteosarcoma of the navicular bone could be possible if en bloc resection of the lesion could be performed. Talus-cuneiform fusion with allograft interposition is a viable reconstructive option.
Suppression of hay fever symptoms with intranasal dexamethasone aerosol

Abstract Dexamethasone phosphate aerosol was tried intranasally in a dose of 1 mg. daily in 40 patients with seasonal ragweed hay fever, with the use of a double blind crossover plan of study. By three methods of evaluation applied independently, significant improvement of hay fever symptoms was obtained in about 75 per cent of patients. No steroid side effects were observed; some patients complained of nasal irritation immediately after spraying.
The Scattering of Protons by Protons

The cross section for scattering of protons by protons has been measured at angles from 15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} for protons of energies 860, 1200, 1390, 2105 and 2392 kev. Observed scattering cross sections at 15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} are close to Mott values for all energies. Ratios of observed cross section to Mott cross section rise with increasing angle and with increasing proton energy. At 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} the ratio rises from 3.90 at 860 kev to 42.9 at 2392 kev. At 1830 kev measurements were made at scattering angles up to 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and the scattering cross section showed the theoretically expected asymmetry ($cos\ensuremath{\theta}$) about 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. As a check on the proton-proton measurements the scattering of protons from argon and krypton was investigated with protons of energies between 850 kev and 2440 kev.
A geometric model for excavation and modification at terrestrial simple impact craters

A geometric model for the excavation and modification stages of simple crater development is presented. Cavity modification is modelled from an analytical derivation of the dimensions of the so-called transient cavity (Dence, 1973; Dence et al., 1977). The final cavity as it appears in terrestrial craters and the primary elements of excavation are approximated by a variation of the so-called Z model. The applicability of the model is tested with data from the Meteor and Brent craters. In the case of Meteor, the modelled final crater diameter at the original ground plane is within 26 m of the observed value and the modelled breccia lens and the rim crest volumes of the final true crater are within 9.5 percent and 2.5 percent, respectively, of the observed values. The correspondence for the more degraded Brent crater is less precise.
Designer infrared filters using stacked metal lattices

We have designed and fabricated infrared filters for use at wavelengths greater than or equal to 15 microns. Unlike conventional dielectric filters used at the short wavelengths, ours are made from stacked metal grids, spaced at a very small fraction of the performance wavelengths. The individual lattice layers are gold, the spacers are polyimide, and they are assembled using integrated circuit processing techniques; they resemble some metallic photonic band-gap structures. We simulate the filter performance accurately, including the coupling of the propagating, near-field electromagnetic modes, using computer aided design codes. We find no anomalous absorption. The geometrical parameters of the grids are easily altered in practice, allowing for the production of tuned filters with predictable useful transmission characteristics. Although developed for astronomical instrumentation, the filters arc broadly applicable in systems across infrared and terahertz bands.
Comparison of point source algorithms for optimum acquisition range of electro-optical sensor

This paper examines a special class of signal processing technique called Minimum Variance Deconvolution (MVD) method and compares it with the commonly used Matched filtering and Wiener filtering based deconvolution processing in point source acquisition signal processing applications for Electro-Optical sensors. A step by step development of the batch and recursive MVD algorithm including comparison with the competing methods are presented in this paper.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.