cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microwave noncontact examination of disbond and thickness variation in stratified composite media

Numerical and experimental results of a microwave noncontact, nondestructive detection and evaluation of disbonds and thickness variations in stratified composite media are presented. The aperture admittance characteristics of a flange mounted rectangular waveguide radiating into a layered, generally lossy dielectric media backed or unbacked by a conducting sheet is modeled. The theoretical implementation is based on a Fourier transform boundary matching technique to construct the field components in each medium, coupled with a stationary form of the terminating aperture admittance of the waveguide. The model can serve as a reliable test bed for real-time examination of layered composite media. Experimental results for several cases are presented which show good agreement with the theoretical findings. This is a versatile technique for near-field in situ interrogation of stratified composite media which provides for high resolution measurements. >
Fully reference-independent LMP decomposition using reference-independent loss factors

Abstract The decomposition of locational marginal price (LMP) under the popular DCOPF framework generally depends on the choice of the reference bus. A previous work has achieved reference independence for the overall LMP and LMP congestion component, but not all individual LMP components. This paper proposes a method to obtain a truly reference-independent LMP decomposition such that all three components of LMP at each bus will be invariant w.r.t. the choice of the system reference bus. This is achieved with loss factors based on a new AC-based distribution factor model, which depends on the network topology and the present operating condition only, but not the system reference bus. This model gives reference-independent loss prices, which can serve for a better loss hedging financial transmission rights, since the choice of reference bus will not change the loss prices. Further, this paper uses the fictitious nodal demand (FND) model to obtain loss distribution factors (LDFs). FND gives more reasonable power flows since losses should be distributed in each individual line, rather than at load buses when the load-weighted LDFs are applied. Also, the proposed reference-independent distribution factors and loss factors may have great potentials in other areas of power system analysis.
Synthesis of 3-Arm Star Block Copolymers by Combination of “Core-First” and “Coupling-Onto” Methods Using ATRP and Click Reactions

Three-arm star block copolymers were successfully synthesized by combination of "core-first" and "coupling-onto" strategies. First, polystyrene 3-arm star polymers (PS-Br) 3 with high bromine chain-end functionality were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using the core-first method. After complete transformation of the bromo groups to azido groups by nucleophilic substitution with sodium azide, the product (PS-N 3 ) 3 was used for click reactions with alkyne-terminated poly(ethylene oxide) chains (PEO-alkyne) and produced 3-arm star block copolymers (PS-b-PEO) 3 via the coupling-onto method. The efficiency of the coupling reaction was influenced by the preservation of chain-end functionalities in both (PS-N 3 ) 3 and PEO-alkyne precursors. The azido functionality in the (PS-N 3 ) 3 star precursors was determined as high as 97% by gradient polymer elution chromatography (GPEC) analysis of the coupling product between (PS-N 3 ) 3 and propargyl alcohol. During the coupling reactions between (PS-N 3 ) 3 and PEO-alkyne, the functionality of PEO-alkyne was ca. 100%. In the final coupling product, the molar fraction of the targeted (PS-b-PEO) 3 star block polymers containing three block arms was ca. 85% and the fraction ' of the star polymers with two block arms and one homopolymer arm, (PS)-(PS-b-PEO) 2 , was ca. 11%.
Paleobotanical and geochemical approaches to studying fossil tree rings: Quantitative interpretations of paleoenvironment and ecophysiology

Fossilized remains of wood are an invaluable source of information about paleoecology, paleoclimate, and the evolution of plants. Traditional studies on fossil wood focus on the anatomy of tracheid cells and the use of modern dendrochronological techniques to determine the environmental factors that have influenced the cell structure of wood (Fritts, 1976; Jefferson, 1982; Creber and Chaloner, 1984). The proportion of cell lumen to cell wall reflects the environment in which the trees grew. Information that can be garnered from the cell measurements includes the earlywood-latewood boundary (Fritts, 1976; Creber and Chaloner, 1984; Denne, 1989), the wood density (Jefferson, 1982), leaf retention time in evergreen trees (Falcon-Lang, 2000), and incidences of dormancy in a plant (Fritts, 1976). The earlywood-latewood boundary is considered to be the point where the individual tree has converted energy resources from expansive growth (earlywood: large cell lumen, thin cell wall) to preparation for dormancy (latewood: small cell lumen, thick cell wall). The proportion of these two factors can indicate if: (1) a given tree never entered dormancy (no latewood); (2) the expansive growth took up the majority of the growing season (little latewood); (3) or if the time of expansive growth was short while much of the growing season was dedicated to preparing for dormancy (a lot of latewood). The proportions found in fossil wood can then be compared to ring structures of modern wood to extrapolate the environmental causes determining ring formation. Density is an important factor in wood structure, as it determines how resilient the wood is to external pressures; the greater proportion of latewood, the denser the wood (USDA Forest Service, 2005). Several methods have been proposed to calculate density in fossil woods (Creber and Francis, 1989; Brea et al., 2008; Williams et al., 2009), but as …
Quarterly Case Retroperitoneal Tumor with Vertebral Metastasis in a 25-Year-Old Female

A 25-year-old white female was investigated because of persistent pain in the left lumbar region radiating to the left leg. X-rays showed a blastic lesion in the transverse process of the third lumbar vertebra, and on surgical exploration, a retroperitoneal mass was found invading the left psoas muscle and enveloping the upper cords of the lumbar plexus. Courses of radiotherapy and chemotherapy were given, but 4 years later, on re-exploration, a mass was still present and it could not be totally resected. A different combination of drugs was given, but toxic side effects were so incapacitating that the patient refused further chemotherapy. She then received active immunizations with x-ray-inactivated, cultured allogeneic rhabdomyosar-coma cells, followed by four injections of transfer factor. While receiving the transfer factor, she developed a perforated duodenal ulcer, and at the time of surgery, tumor was reportedly not visible in the retroperitoneum. However, 6 months later, while she was still receiv...
REAL TIME HYBRID DYNAMIC SIMULATION WITH SUBSTRUCTURE TECHNIQUES

The development and implementation of a novel real time seismic response simulation method for large to full-scale structures, which involve the combined use of shake tables, dynamic actuators and computational engines is presented. With this technique, it is possible to test a substructure at full scale, or close to full scale, while the rest of the structure is simulated by computers. At the end of the synchronized analysis and testing it is possible to obtain realistic response of the entire system. The method was defined as Real Time Dynamic Hybrid Simulation (RTDHS). The structure to be simulated is divided into one or more physical-experimental and computational substructures. Interface forces between the physical and computational substructures are imposed by actuators and the resulting displacements and velocities are fed back to the computational engine. The dynamic excitation, such as an earthquake ground motion, is applied to the physical substructure by shake tables. The unique aspect of the above hybrid simulation method is the force-based substructuring. Since the shake tables induce inertia forces in the experimental substructures, the actuators at the interfaces have to be operated in dynamic force control as well. The simulation method presented herein is more versatile than the existing seismic simulation methods. The substructuring strategy related to RTDHS is presented focusing on the structural model condensation for real time simulation purpose and on interface force calculation. The numerical integration algorithm associated with the computational substructures is discussed along with the implementation of the computational engine. Issues related to the implementation of RTDHS are identified including force-controlled strategy in dynamic actuators and time delay compensations. A unique compensation controller is designed and experimentally verified. An example of a real-time hybrid test implementation, and results from this experiment are also presented.
Maternal Total β-Endorphin Immunoreactivity During Labor and Delivery

Circulating plasma β-endorphin (BIR) levels underestimate the BIR levels in the blood. To determine the effect of epidural anesthesia on BIR, we measured total blood (plasma + erythrocytes) BIR during labor and delivery (19 epidural, 6 control patients). Total BIR levels seem to predict the anesthetic need in patients during labor. Acute changes in the pain status in patients were better predicted by the plasma than the total BIR activity.
Location of femoral artery access and correlation with vascular complications.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to document the frequency of optimal femoral artery access location and its correlation with vascular complications in contemporary practice. Background: Vascular access bleeding during coronary interventions is associated with adverse outcomes. A potential strategy for reducing access-site bleeding is to achieve optimal location for the femoral access. However, there is a paucity of data on how well this goal is achieved in clinical practice using anatomical landmarks. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated femoral angiograms of 300 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention to identify the location of the access that had been performed using anatomical landmarks. Patients were divided into two groups based on the location of the arterial access: above the femoral bifurcation but below the inferior border of the inferior epigastric artery (optimal location) and those that were either above or below these landmarks (suboptimal location). Frequency of access site complications was recorded. Results: The femoral artery access site was located outside the optimal location in 38 (13.0%) patients. There was no significant difference regards to baseline characteristics. Overall, access-related complications occurred in 17 (5.7%) patients. Vascular complications were significantly more frequent in patients who had a femoral artery access outside the optimal location (18% vs. 4%, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The femoral artery access site is not at the optimal location in a significant proportion of patients, and this is associated with an increased risk of vascular complications. Improving the rates of optimal arterial access by routine use of fluoroscopy or ultrasound guidance has the potential of reducing vascular complications and improving outcomes. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on evaluation of emotional images

There is growing evidence that drugs of abuse alter processing of emotional information in ways that could be attractive to users. Our recent report that Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) diminishes amygdalar activation in response to threat-related faces suggests that THC may modify evaluation of emotionally-salient, particularly negative or threatening, stimuli. In this study, we examined the effects of acute THC on evaluation of emotional images. Healthy volunteers received two doses of THC (7.5 and 15 mg; p.o.) and placebo across separate sessions before performing tasks assessing facial emotion recognition and emotional responses to pictures of emotional scenes. THC significantly impaired recognition of facial fear and anger, but it only marginally impaired recognition of sadness and happiness. The drug did not consistently affect ratings of emotional scenes. THC's effects on emotional evaluation were not clearly related to its mood-altering effects. These results support our previous work, and show that THC reduces perception of facial threat. Nevertheless, THC does not appear to positively bias evaluation of emotional stimuli in general.
Minimizing Energy Consumption in IR-UWB Based Wireless Sensor Networks

Impulse Radio Ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) communication has proven an important technique for supporting high-rate, short-range, low-power communication. These are necessary criteria for emerging sensor networks, which oftentimes have very short distance communication requirements, necessitate low power operation and may require high data rates (e.g., for supporting the transmission of images or video). In this paper, using detailed models of typical IR-UWB transmitter/receiver structures, we minimize the energy consumption per information bit in a single link of an IR-UWB system, considering packet retransmissions and overhead. This minimization is realized by finding the optimum packet length and the optimum number of RAKE fingers at the receiver for different transmission distances, using differential BPSK (DBPSK) and OOK with coherent and non-coherent detection. Our results show that at very short distances, it is optimum to use OOK with non-coherent detection and large packets, and at longer distances, it is optimum to use DBPSK with coherent detection and small packets.
Exact geometrical optics solution for an isorefractive wedge structure

A structure consisting of four right-angle wedges with a common edge, made of four different materials isorefractive to one another is considered. If a certain relation is satisfied among the four intrinsic impedances of the materials, then an incident plane wave generates reflected and transmitted plane waves that constitute the exact solution to the boundary-value problem. This geometrical-optics exact solution is valid for arbitrary polarization and arbitrary direction of incidence of the primary wave.
How do the Russian Citizens of Dmitrov Hills Conceptualize Genetically Modified Foods

The purpose of agricultural biotechnology was initially to address challenges producers face in the production of food. Through genetic modification, crops have been developed that are resistant to drought, heat, insects, and diseases. Despite varying opinions toward GM foods, especially in European countries, the production of GM crops continues to increase. Although most European countries have already developed policies on GM foods, Russia’s official stance on agricultural biotechnology has been inconsistent. Russian President, Vladimir Putin, has named biotechnology as a scientific innovation that will benefit Russian agriculture. However, the Russian Ministry of Agriculture is encouraging the development of an “organic” agricultural market. The decisions of the Russian government will influence the rural Russian population the most regarding their opinions on the economic and environmental issues associated with producing genetically modified foods. Opinion polls and surveys have been conducted concerning the acceptance of this technology in Russia, but little has been done to determine why Russians perceive this technology as acceptable or unacceptable. That is, how do Russians conceptualize genetically modified foods? To answer this question, interviews were conducted in a rural Russian village, Dmitrov Hills. The qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis to identify overarching frames to contextualize how rural Russians conceptualize genetically modified foods. From the data, three frames emerged: not ecologically pure; it doesn’t concern me; and trust in science. The researchers also found that most participants did not understand the concept of a genetically modified food, even when given an example.
Optimal cam design and system control for an electromechanical engine valve drive

An electromechanical valve drive system using a cam-based mechanical transformer has been proposed to achieve variable valve timing in internal combustion engines. This technique promises substantial improvements in fuel economy and emissions. However, there are several challenges to transform this concept into an attractive commercial product, especially achieving acceptable power consumption and actuator size. In this paper, significant reduction in power consumption, torque requirement, and transition time are achieved. These improvements are based on an effective nonlinear system model, optimized design of the cam — a key system component — and exploration of different control strategies to maximize performance.
"I'd be overwhelmed, but it's just one more thing to do": availability and interruption in research management

Many CSCW projects dealing with individual availability and interruption filtering achieve only limited success. Perhaps this is because designers of such systems have limited evidence to draw upon; most data on interruption management is at least a decade old. This study uses an empirical sampling method and qualitative interviews to examine attitudes toward availability and interruption. Specifically, we analyze how corporate research managers spend their time and look at how their attitudes toward interruption relate to their various activities. Attitudes toward interruption are marked by a complex tension between wanting to avoid interruption and appreciating its usefulness. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for design, suggesting that the notion of socially translucent systems may be a fruitful approach
Motivated Reflection on Attitude-Inconsistent Information An Exploration of the Role of Fear of Invalidity in Self-Persuasion

The mere thought effect is defined in part by the tendency of self-reflective thought to heighten the generation of and reflection on attitude-consistent thoughts. By focusing on individuals' fears of invalidity, we explored the possibility that the mere opportunity for thought sometimes motivates reflection on attitude-inconsistent thoughts. Across three experiments, dispositional and situational fear of invalidity was shown to heighten reflection on attitude-inconsistent thoughts. This heightened reflection, in turn, interacted with individuals' thought confidence to determine whether attitude-inconsistent thoughts were assimilated or refuted and consequently whether individuals' attitudes and behavioral intentions depolarized or polarized following a sufficient opportunity for thought, respectively. These findings emphasize the impact of motivational influences on thought reflection and generation, the importance of thought confidence in the assimilation and refutation of self-generated thought, and the dynamic means by which the mere thought bias can impact self-persuasion.
Emotion identification in girls at high risk for depression.

Background: Children of depressed mothers are themselves at elevated risk for developing a depressive disorder. We have little understanding, however, of the specific factors that contribute to this increased risk. This study investigated whether never-disordered daughters whose mothers have experienced recurrent episodes of depression during their daughters’ lifetime differ from never-disordered daughters of never-disordered mothers in their processing of facial expressions of emotion. Method: Following a negative mood induction, daughters completed an emotion identification task in which they watched faces slowly change from a neutral to a full-intensity happy, sad, or angry expression. We assessed both the intensity that was required to accurately identify the emotion being expressed and errors in emotion identification. Results: Daughters of depressed mothers required greater intensity than did daughters of control mothers to accurately identify sad facial expressions; they also made significantly more errors identifying angry expressions. Conclusion: Cognitive biases may increase vulnerability for the onset of disorders and should be considered in early intervention and prevention efforts. Keywords: Affective disorders, cognition, depression, emotion, facial expression, risk factors. Given the high personal and societal costs associated with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD), efforts to identify vulnerability factors for the onset of this disorder are particularly pressing. In this context, children of parents with depressive disorders are themselves at elevated risk for experiencing depressive episodes; in fact, having parents who have experienced MDD is associated with a threefold increase in the risk to the offspring for developing a depressive episode during adolescence (Hammen, 2008). Moreover, maternal depression has been found to be associated with an earlier onset and more severe course of depression in the offspring (Lieb, Isensee, Hofler, Pfister, & Wittchen, 2002). Despite repeated demonstrations of the increased likelihood that offspring of depressed mothers will develop depression, the mechanisms underlying this risk are not well understood. Over the past two decades, cognitive models of depression have been formulated in attempts to understand the etiology of MDD and vulnerability to this disorder (e.g., Beck, 1967). In essence, these models propose that individualdifferencesintheprocessingofemotionalmaterial arerelatedtoincreasedriskfordepression.Numerous studies of depressed adults have provided support for the basic tenets of these models (see Mathews & MacLeod, 2005, for a review). Cognitive processing of social cues and, in particular, of facial expressions mayplayaparticularlycriticalroleinthedevelopment
Beyond Ethnic Enclaves: Location Strategies of Chinese Producer Service Firms in Los Angeles*

Abstract: Ethnic enclaves are often not only the main residential areas for ethnic populations but also the prime locations for their businesses. As more and more ethnic enterprises locate outside such enclaves, the spatial pattern of ethnic business becomes more complex. To understand the spatial pattern of ethnic business, I argue that we need to go beyond treating “ethnic” as the only adjective. Drawing from the literature on industrial networks and territorial agglomeration, I examine the location patterns of ethnic producer services and their interfirm transaction networks. Chinese-owned firms in three types of producer services of Los Angeles County were selected: accounting, banking, and computer distribution. I collected information on networks and locations through surveys, interviews, and directories. This research found that location strategies are extremely important for ethnic entrepreneurs to exploit their market niches in all three sectors. While Chinese firms show markedly different spatial patterns from their non-Chinese counterparts, each type of producer service also differs from the others in spatial pattern. Accounting offices and bank branches concentrate in the Chinese central business district because of their Chinese-client-oriented network. A number of larger bank headquarters find downtown Los Angeles a favorable location because they are seeking international recognition and closer integration with mainstream financial institutions. Computer firms locate at the fringe of Chinese-concentrated areas and cluster with other Chinese computer distributors to participate in a product pool so that parts can be exchanged faster. I conclude that the spatial organization of ethnic business needs to be understood as the outcome of interaction between cultural and industrial identities of enterprises. ethnic enclaves,
Automatic talker activity labeling for co-channel talker interference suppression

A speaker activity detector is described. It takes cochannel speech as input and labeling intervals of the input as target-only, jammer-only, or two-speaker (target and jammer). The algorithms applied are borrowed primarily from speaker recognition, thereby allowing one to use speaker-dependent test-utterance-independent information in a front-end for cochannel talker interference suppression. Parameters studied include classifier choice (vector quantization vs. Gaussian), training method (unsupervised vs. supervised), test utterance segmentation (uniform vs. adaptive), and training and testing target-to-jammer ratios. Using analysis interval lengths of 100 ms, performance reached 80% correct detection. >
Crystallization of Silicate Magmas Deciphered Using Crystal Size Distributions

The remoteness and inhospitable nature of natural silicate magma make it exceedingly difficult to study in its natural setting deep beneath volcanoes. Although laboratory experiments involving molten rock are routinely performed, it is the style and nature of crystallization under natural conditions that is important to understand. This is where the crystal size distributions (CSD) method becomes fundamentally valuable. Just as chemical thermodynamics offers a quantitative macroscopic means of investigating chemical processes that occur at the atomic level, crystal size distribution theory quantitatively relates the overall observed spectrum of crystal sizes to both the kinetics of crystallization and the physical processes affecting the population of crystals themselves. Petrography, which is the qualitative study of rock textures, is the oldest, most comprehensively developed, and perhaps most beautiful aspect of studying magmatic rocks. It is the ultimate link to the kinetics of crystallization and the integrated space-time history of evolution of every magma. CSD analysis offers a quantitative inroad to unlocking and quantifying the observed textures of magmatic rocks. Perhaps the most stunning feature of crystal-rich magmatic rocks is that the constituent crystal populations show smooth and often quasi-linear log-normal distributions of negative slope when plotted as population density against crystal size. These patterns are decipherable using CSD theory, and this method has proven uniquely valuable in deciphering the kinetics of crystallization of magma. The CSD method has been largely developed in chemical engineering by Randolph and Larson, 1 ' 2 among many others, for use in understanding industrial crystallization processes, and its introduction to natural magmatic systems began in 1988. The CSD approach is particularly valuable in its ease of application to complex systems. It is an aid to classical kinetic theory by being, in its purest form, free of any atomistic assumptions regarding crystal nucleation and growth. Yet the CSD method provides kinetic information valuable to understanding the connection between crystal nucleation and growth and the overall cooling and dynamics of magma. It offers a means of investigating crystallization in dynamic systems, involving both physical and chemical processes, independent of an exact kinetic theory. The CSD method applied to rocks shows a systematic and detailed history of crystal nucleation and growth that forms the foundation of a comprehensive and general model of magma solidification.
Impact of Arm Immersion Cooling During Ranger Training on Exertional Heat Illness and Treatment Costs

ABSTRACT Ranger training includes strenuous physical activities and despite heat mitigations strategies, numerous cases of serious exertional heat illness (EHI) occur. We developed an Arm Immersion Cooling (AIC) system that is not logistically burdensome and may be easily employed in training environments. Purpose: To examine the effect of AIC on EHI incidence, severity, and treatment costs during Ranger School. Methods: The training program was standardized for physical exertion and heat stress factors throughout the study period. AIC was employed summer months of 2010–2012 (n = 3,930 Soldiers) and Control (CON; n = 6,650 Soldiers) data were obtained for summer months of 2007–2009. Descriptive characteristics of all EHI casualties were obtained, including hospitalization status (treated and released [Treat], evacuated [Evac] or admitted [Admit] to the hospital), which served as proxy indicator of illness/injury severity. Medical cost savings were calculated from hospital records. Results: Incidence rates...
Universality in halting time and its applications in optimization

The authors present empirical universal distributions for the halting time (measured by the number of iterations to reach a given accuracy) of optimization algorithms applied to two random systems: spin glasses and deep learning. Given an algorithm, which we take to be both the optimization routine and the form of the random landscape, the fluctuations of the halting time follow a distribution that remains unchanged even when the input is changed drastically. We observe two main universality classes, a Gumbel-like distribution that appears in Google searches, human decision times, QR factorization and spin glasses, and a Gaussian-like distribution that appears in conjugate gradient method, deep network with MNIST input data and deep network with random input data.
Aspects of Stimulation and Organization in Approach/Withdrawal Processes Underlying Vertebrate Behavioral Development

Publisher Summary The biphasic approach/withdrawal (A/W) theory was designed to account for the development of approach/withdrawal patterns in animals. The derivation of this theory for vertebrates is explained in the chapter. The theory is applied to postnatal behavioral development in precocial and altricial vertebrates. The three early stages of A/W theory are differentiated, in which the developmental roles of the factors of experience and of maturation are viewed as intimately related in a changing progression. These factors, with their trace effects, contribute to (1) an embryonic stage in which sensory integrations and feedback effects give rise to crude directional vectors; (2) a stage in the maturing embryo and the neonate in which these processes elaborate, come under the control of new, extrinsic stimuli, and influence the formation of early contiguity-type conditioning; and (3) a further postnatal stage in which behavioral development is marked by progressive contiguity conditioning and the entrance of selective learning. The chapter describes stages 1, 2, and 3 of behavioral development; they are prerequisite for attaining the degree of higher-level central neural control indicated for adult vertebrates by evidence from implanted electrode research and by concepts, such as the Pavlovian neuronal model.
Language, History, Politics, and Culture in Global Communication Through the Bologna Process Documentation

Abstract Students preparing to enter today's global workplaces need to understand factors that can affect writing and communication practices in international environments. Writing instructors, in turn, need to provide students with educational experiences that can best prepare them for such contexts. For these reasons, writing instructors should consider introducing students to contemporary events or initiatives that can affect international interactions across different genres and media. The Bologna Process, a multi-state effort to reform the higher education in 47 countries, is one such initiative. By integrating aspects of the Bologna Process into the teaching of writing, instructors can work with students to rhetorically analyze writing practices in international contexts, as well as introduce students to the forces affecting them in international environments that affect global workforces.
A Bayesian approach to privacy enforcement in smartphones

Mobile apps often require access to private data, such as the device ID or location. At the same time, popular platforms like Android and iOS have limited support for user privacy. This frequently leads to unauthorized disclosure of private information by mobile apps, e.g. for advertising and analytics purposes. This paper addresses the problem of privacy enforcement in mobile systems, which we formulate as a classification problem: When arriving at a privacy sink (e.g., database update or outgoing web message), the runtime system must classify the sink's behavior as either legitimate or illegitimate. The traditional approach of information-flow (or taint) tracking applies "binary" classification, whereby information release is legitimate iff there is no data flow from a privacy source to sink arguments. While this is a useful heuristic, it also leads to false alarms. We propose to address privacy enforcement as a learning problem, relaxing binary judgments into a quantitative/ probabilistic mode of reasoning. Specifically, we propose a Bayesian notion of statistical classification, which conditions the judgment whether a release point is legitimate on the evidence arising at that point. In our concrete approach, implemented as the BAYESDROID system that is soon to be featured in a commercial product, the evidence refers to the similarity between the data values about to be released and the private data stored on the device. Compared to TaintDroid, a state-of-the-art taint-based tool for privacy enforcement, BAYESDROID is substantially more accurate. Applied to 54 top-popular Google Play apps, BAYESDROID is able to detect 27 privacy violations with only 1 false alarm.
An AMR parser for English, French, German, Spanish and Japanese and a new AMR-annotated corpus

In this demonstration, we will present our online parser that allows users to submit any sentence and obtain an analysis following the specification of AMR (Banarescu et al., 2014) to a large extent. This AMR analysis is generated by a small set of rules that convert a native Logical Form analysis provided by a pre-existing parser (see Vanderwende, 2015) into the AMR format. While we demonstrate the performance of our AMR parser on data sets annotated by the LDC, we will focus attention in the demo on the following two areas: 1) we will make available AMR annotations for the data sets that were used to develop our parser, to serve as a supplement to the LDC data sets, and 2) we will demonstrate AMR parsers for German, French, Spanish and Japanese that make use of the same small set of LF-to-AMR conversion rules.
Please Explain the Basic Concept of Ultrasound Elastography, and How Can It Help Differentiate Benign From Malignant Breast Lesions?

the strain source and then visualizes the strain induced in tissue with the use of either an external or internal source. In harmonic elastography, low-frequency acoustic waves are transmitted within the tissue. The phase and amplitude of the propagating waves are visualized using color Doppler imaging [3, 4]. In transient elastography, an ultrasound scanner with a high frame rate (i.e., 10,000 frames per second) is used to generate and then track the propagation of shear waves in tissue [5]. Shear waves are tissue movements perpendicular to the direction of the ultrasound wave transmission. In terms of breast elastography, malignant masses tend to be more irregular, are heterogeneous, and typically appear larger at elastography than at gray-scale imaging [6, 7]. In terms of quantitative analysis, malignant lesions generally also exhibit maximum stiffness greater than 80–100 kPa [7, 8]. Invasive cancers with a high histologic grade, large tumor size, nodal involvement, and vascular invasion have also been shown to be signifi cantly correlated with high mean stiffness at shear-wave elastography. Elastography may be useful in improving the specificity of ultrasound evaluation of BI-RADS categories 3 and 4A lesions, including complicated cysts, by avoiding unnecessary biopsy of BI-RADS category 4A masses (i.e., masses for which suspicion of malignancy was low) without a significant loss in sensitivity. Several classification systems in volving elastography, most of which are based on the color pattern, have been proposed. For example, a bull’s-eye artifact has also been described as a characteristic of benign breast cysts, which may appear as a round or oval lesion with a stiff rim associated with two soft spots, one located centrally and the other posteriorly. Ultrasound elastographic features
High accuracy measurements of OH reaction rate constants and IR absorption spectra: substituted 2-propanols.

Rate constants for the gas phase reactions of OH radicals with 2-propanol and three fluorine substituted 2-propanols, (CH3)2CHOH (k0), (CF3)2CHOH (k1), (CF3)2C(OH)CH3 (k2), and (CF3)3COH (k3), were measured using a flash photolysis resonance-fluorescence technique over the temperature range 220–370 K. The Arrhenius plots were found to exhibit noticeable curvature for all four reactions. The temperature dependences of the rate constants can be represented by the following expressions: k0(T) = 1.46 × 10–11 exp{−883/T} + 1.30 × 10–12 exp{+371/T} cm3 molecule–1 s–1; k1(T) = 1.19 × 10–12 exp{−1207/T} + 7.85 × 10–16 exp{+502/T } cm3 molecule–1 s–1; k2(T) = 1.68 × 10–12 exp{−1718/T} + 7.32 × 10–16 exp{+371/T } cm3 molecule–1 s–1; k3(T) = 3.0 × 10–20 × (T/298)11.3 exp{+3060/T} cm3 molecule–1 s–1. The atmospheric lifetimes due to reactions with tropospheric OH were estimated to be 2.4 days and 1.9, 6.3, and 46 years, respectively. UV absorption cross sections were measured between 160 and 200 nm. The IR absorption...
Structural Characterization of Vapor-Deposited Glasses of an Organic Hole Transport Material with X-ray Scattering

Vapor-deposited organic glasses can be produced with enhanced thermal stability and tunable molecular orientation by controlling the substrate temperature during deposition. Recent work has also shown improved charge carrier mobility associated with anisotropic molecular packing in organic electronics. Here grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) is used to characterize the structural anisotropy in glasses of a hole transport material, N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine, commonly referred to as TPD. The TPD glasses were prepared by physical vapor deposition at substrate temperatures between 0.79 Tg and 0.98 Tg, where Tg is the glass transition temperature. A GIWAXS-derived orientation order parameter is used to quantify the anisotropy observed in the scattering patterns of the glasses. The GIWAXS-order parameter exhibits both positive and negative values as a function of substrate temperature, indicating either face-on or edge-on packing, and correlates well with a spectroscopi...
Survey of Selected Additively Manufactured Propellants for Arc Ignition of Hybrid Rockets

Results of a testing campaign to assess multiple commercially available three-dimensional printer materials for effectiveness in an arc-ignition system for hybrid rockets are presented. Previously, a form of additive manufacturing known as fused deposition modeling was used to fabricate high-density acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fuel grains so that, when properly layered, they possess unique electrical breakdown properties. When subjected to an inductive charge, an electrical arc flows along the layered material surface and seeds combustion when the arc occurs simultaneously with the introduction of an oxidizing flow. This study investigates commercially available three-dimensional printable materials to search for equivalent or possibly superior fuel alternatives to ABS. Test specimens include photopolymers processed using polyjet (stereolithography) and fused-deposition printing. Comparison metrics include general arc ability, pyrolysis rate, dissipated power, characteristic velocity, and abilit...
Operative Thrombosis of Aneurysms and Fistulae

Our experience in treatment includes internal carotid occlusion and thrombosis by wire, needles, and balloon.
Aeries and Muck: Illusions perdues

Illusions perdues develops Balzac’s view of “Aeries and Muck” in a society controlled by money. It tells the story of the close friends David, who invents a new kind of paper, and Lucien, who has considerable talent as a poet. Just as Paris and the provinces are irredeemably separate, a disjunction that must be overcome for France to move into the modern age, so upper-class Angouleme is separated by distance and jealousy from commercial Houmeau. Balzac investigates a small town printing business, journalism, and the demi-monde. Little by little the emphasis on the capital city increases, as it has through the ten novels of the Scenes from Provincial Life. Balzac uses this concluding novel to insist once again on provincial stultification and the waste of youth.
The Fifth Antinomy: A Reading of Torture for a Post-Kantian Moral Philosophy

"Where is it decreed that enlightenment must be free of emotion? To me, the opposite seems to be true. Enlightenment can properly fulfill its task only if it sets to work with passion." - Amery, At the Mind's Limits This statement, which concludes the preface to the 1977 reissue of At the Mind’s Limits , conveys the philosophical ambition of the book: to advance the enlightenment project, while revising the way we understand this project. The idea, rejected here by Amery, that the enlightenment “must be free of emotion” owes most to its foremost proponent, Immanuel Kant. This paper picks up on this implicit allusion to Kant , and elaborates on Amery’s revision of the enlightenment by making the confrontation between them explicit.
A phase 1 study of INCB040093, a PI3Kδ inhibitor, alone or in combination with INCB039110, a selective JAK1 inhibitor: Interim results from patients (pts) with relapsed or refractory (r/r) classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL).

8558 Background: Efficacy of treatment options for pts with r/r cHL is limited. Evidence suggests blocking the PI3K or JAK-STAT pathways may be efficacious in cHL directly and through modulation of...
Welding of unique and advanced ductile intermetallic alloys for high-temperature applications

ABSTRACTIntermetallic alloys represent a unique class of materials with atomic arrangements that are different from those of conventional disordered alloys. Among them are alloys based on Ni3Al, Fe3Al, and TiAl. Intermetallic alloys have unique properties, such as high melting point, low density, high-temperature strength, and high-temperature corrosion and oxidation resistance. Their only disadvantage is the lack of ductility at room temperature and at elevated temperatures. However, they can be ductilised by micro- and macroalloying. Application of intermetallic alloys for structural use at elevated temperature depends on their ability to be welded using conventional welding procedures. This paper focuses on the development of these alloys, their behaviour when subjected to weld thermal cycles, and their weldability. Most intermetallic alloys are susceptible to cracking during or after welding, but some can be modified to have good weldability. The paper discusses welding and weldability of Ni3Al-, Fe3A...
Israel's Creeping Annexation

A raft of legislative proposals introduced in the Knesset over the last several years has raised the specter of Israeli annexation of additional West Bank territory. One bill would provide for nearly automatic application of new Knesset legislation to Israelis residing in the West Bank. A second would authorize the expropriation under certain circumstances of privately-owned Palestinian land for incorporation into Israeli settlements, extending the Knesset's reach to the regulation of West Bank land use by non-Israelis. A third, entitled the “Maale Adumim Annexation Law,” provides for the full application of Israeli law in Israel's largest West Bank settlement, as well as in an adjacent twelve square kilometer area called the “E1 Zone,” one of the few remaining land reserves available for the development of Palestinian East Jerusalem.
Fluorinated Anionic Room Temperature Ionic Liquid-Based CO 2 Electrochemical Sensing

Rising CO2 gas levels have been shown to have adverse effects on both the environment and our own wellbeing in sufficiently high concentrations. Current monitoring devices utilize high temperature high power devices that do not allow for the further miniaturization for Internet of Things-based applications. Other solutions suffer from temperature restrictions or cross sensitivity issues. Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are a form of liquid salt that can be tuned for optimal physical and chemical properties for gas sensing applications. In this paper, two fluorinated RTILs, EMIM[BF4] and EMIM[FAP], are subjected to CO2 exposures from 400 to 1000 ppm for understanding their electrochemical response via impedance spectroscopy as well as their ability to be thermally cycled for repeated exposure analysis. Both RTILs show sensitivity and differentiation between CO2 concentrations. However, EMIM[BF4] shows consistent cycling ability toward the development of low power sensors.
Assessment of nursing workload in adult psychiatric inpatient units: A scoping review

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: There is a shortage of empirical research in the field of psychiatric and mental health nursing regarding how to calculate a safe staffing level in psychiatry inpatient units. Furthermore, the tools to assess nursing workload in this specialty are limited. No systematic reviews on measurement tools in adult psychiatric inpatient settings were found. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER ADD TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This study confirms the scarcity and heterogeneity of instruments with which to evaluate nursing workload in this specific context. Likewise, the instruments identified do not capture the complexity of the psychiatric nursing setting, namely, the relational and psychotherapeutic strategies that must be implemented in the patient care approach. The findings of the study suggest that evidence-based tools for adult psychiatric inpatient settings require further development. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: This review shows the need to continue to develop tools that assess workload in psychiatric inpatient units that embrace activities related to patient (direct and indirect) and nonpatient activities. The great challenge is providing a sensitive understanding of the workload resulting from psychotherapeutic interventions, the primary treatment that many patients need. This review reinforces the need to add patient outcomes to workload assessment processes. Abstract Introduction No systematic reviews on measurement tools in adult psychiatric inpatient settings exist in the literature, and thus, further research is required on ways to identify approaches to calculate safe nurse staffing levels based on patients' care needs in adult psychiatric inpatient units. Aim To identify instruments that enable an assessment of nursing workload in psychiatric settings. Method A scoping review was conducted. Results Four studies were identified, with five instruments used to support the calculation of staff needs and workload. All four studies present methodological limitations. Two instruments have already been adapted to this specific context, but validation studies are lacking. Discussion The findings indicate that the tools used to evaluate nursing workload in these settings require further development, with the concomitant need for more research to clarify the definition of nursing workload as well as to identify factors with the greatest impact on nursing workload. Implications for practice This review highlights the need to develop tools to assess workload in psychiatric inpatient units that embrace patient-related and non-patient-related activities. The great challenge is to enable a sensitive perception of workload resulting from nurses' psychotherapeutic interventions, an important component of treatment for many patients.