cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
D-STRAIN, g-STRAIN, AND DIPOLAR INTERACTIONS IN THE Fe8 AND Mn12 SINGLE MOLECULE MAGNETS: AN EPR LINESHAPE ANALYSIS

We report high sensitivity, high field/frequency (up to 9 tesla/210 GHz) EPR measurements on the Fe8 and Mn12 single molecule magnets. Oriented single crystal studies, carried out in well defined experimental geometries, enable very accurate determinations of EPR lineshapes; we note that this is not possible when studying aligned powders or polycrystals. Analysis of individual resonances, which we can assign to known transitions, reveal complex nonlinearities in the linewidths as functions of energy eigenstate, frequency, and temperature. Our findings compare favorably with recent calculations which introduce distributions in the uniaxial anisotropy parameter D, the Lande g-factor, and dipolar interactions.
PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GONADAL HYDRATION PRINCIPLE IN THE PITUITARIES OF CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO).

Abstract The fraction from carp pituitaries that stimulates seminal plasma elaboration was extracted by various solvents and was partially purified by gel filtration and fractional precipitation. The failure of both formic and trichloroacetic acids to dissociate and active, low molecular weight substance and the relative instability of the active principle in trichloroacetic acid suggest that it does not resemble oxytocin, vasopressin, or arginine vasotocin. The carp fraction is believed to be a gonadotropin since its molecular weight, water solubility, and heat resistance properties are more like those of the mammalian gonadotropin than any other pituitary hormone. Since none of the injected mammalian hormones produced responses in the fish gonadal hydration assay of similar magnitude to carp pituitary extract injections, the carp gonadotropin is not expected to be chemically identical to its mammalian counterpart.
The enthalpies of combustion and formation of indan and seven alkylindans

The enthalpies of combustion of indan and seven alkylindans were determined by oxygen-bomb combustion calorimetry. The following values, based on the mass of sample burned, are reported for the standard enthalpy of combustion ΔH°o(298.15 K)/kcal mol−1 of these compounds in the condensed state: indan(l), −(1190.84 ± 0.33); 1,1-dimethylindan(l), −(1499.97 ± 0.42); 4,6-dimethylindan(l), −(1497.54 ± 0.36); 4,7-dimethylindan(l), −(1497.07 ± 0.35); 1,1,4,6-tetramethylindan(l), −(1805.99 ± 0.65); 1,1,4,7-tetramethylindan(l), −(1807.89 ± 0.41); 1,1,4,6,7-pentamethylindan(c), −(1958.01 ± 0.48); and 1,1-dimethyl-6-tert-butylindan(l), −(2120.57 ± 0.58). Enthalpies of formation in the condensed state are derived.
Fast Parallel Algorithms for Edge-Switching to Achieve a Target Visit Rate in Heterogeneous Graphs

An edge switch is an operation on a network (graph) where two edges are selected randomly and one of their end vertices are swapped with each other. Usually, a sequence of these operations are performed to generate network perturbations having the same degree sequence of the original network. Edge switch operations have important applications in graph theory and network analysis, such as in generating random networks with a given degree sequence, modeling and analyzing dynamic networks (e.g., peer-to-peer networks), studying various dynamic phenomena over a network (e.g., disease dynamics over a social contact network). The growth of real-world networks motivates the need to develop efficient parallel algorithms for performing a large sequence of edge switch operations. The dependencies among successive edge switch operations and the requirement of keeping the graph simple (i.e., no self-loops or parallel edges) as the edges are switched lead to significant challenges in designing a parallel algorithm. Addressing these challenges requires complex synchronization and communication among the processors. In this paper, we present a distributed memory parallel algorithm for switching edges in massive networks (networks with billions of edges) and achieve a speedup factor of 85 with 1024 processors. One of the steps in our edge switch algorithm requires the computation of multinomial random variables in parallel. The paper presents the first non-trivial parallel algorithm for the problem. The algorithm achieves a speedup of 925 using 1024 processors.
A threshold model of discretionary travel behavior

These remarks are addressed to certain problems raised by Horowitz in his review paper on travel demand theory. The objective of these remarks is to sketch an alternative modeling approach. In particular, a model of discretionary travel behavior is proposed in which trip decisions for individuals are modeled by a simple type of "satisficing" utility model. The statistical population of such trip decisions is then assumed to satisfy certain independence conditions over space. In the presence of these conditions, the main result of this modeling approach is to show that an exact distribution theory for observable trip frequencies can be obtained. In particular, observable frequency levels are always poisson-distributed, with mean frequencies representable by a classical gravity model. Thus, these models not only provide a simple linkage between micro-and macro-behavior, but also permit the analysis of total frequency distributions (i.e., total travel demand) as well as relative frequency distributions of discretionary travel behavior. These results are developed in section 2, and discussed briefly in section 3. For paper by Horowitz see IRRD 287445.
Environmental proactivism and firm performance: evidence from security analyst earnings forecasts

There is an ongoing debate over the impact of corporate pro-environment actions and strategies (reflected, for example, in pollution prevention and emission reductions, product re-design, materials stewardship) on corporate financial performance in US corporations today. A review of the existing literature in this area yields no consistent pattern of relationships between corporate environmental proactivism and financial performance when historical corporate accounting performance and stock market measures of performance are used. We revisit this relationship using a novel measure of firm performance: security analyst earnings forecasts. Specifically, we demonstrate a significant, negative relationship between environmental proactivism (using Toxic Release Inventory data) and industry analyst 1- and 5-year earnings-per-share performance forecasts for a sample of 523 US firms in 1992. We discuss the implications of these findings and provide suggestions for future research. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Effect of dispersive optical elements in the Vanderbilt Free-Electron Laser resonator

Abstract The Brewster-angle windows used in the optical resonator of the Vanderbilt FEL become dispersive at wavelengths approaching the band-edge near 10 μm. The effect of this dispersion is included in a 1-D FEL simulation code as an integral transform of the optical pulse emerging from the wiggler in each pass of the FEL. The results indicate small amounts of chirp of the optical pulse, as might have been expected beforehand. In addition, the optical-resonator length-desynchronism curve is broadened, and the relatively sharp cutoff of oscillation near exact synchronism predicted by simulations without dispersion becomes a smooth rolloff with dispersion. These results agree with experimental observations.
Pathologic evaluation of non-neoplastic renal parenchyma in partial nephrectomy specimens

Purpose This study aimed to identify non-neoplastic pathologic changes in partial nephrectomy specimens of patients without a known history of medical comorbidities. Routine analysis of this tissue may allow the clinician to identify subclinical renal disease.
Role of contrast echocardiography in the assessment of myocardial rupture.

Left ventricular free wall rupture is known to complicate acute myocardial infarction and is the second most common cause of inhospital mortality in this patient population. Contrary to widely held medical belief, this does not always result in immediate fatal pericardial tamponade with hemodynamic collapse. Up to 40% of such occurrences are subacute and may evolve over hours or even days. A high index of suspicion and accurate diagnostic tests are required to identify and treat these patients with emergent surgery. Echocardiography has emerged as an important diagnostic modality to identify this catastrophic condition. Although the literature has scattered reports on the role of transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography in diagnosing free wall rupture, to date, only one report in the literature used ultrasound contrast agents to better delineate echocardiographic findings. We will present two cases in which echocardiography with use of intravenous ultrasound contrast agents was instrumental in helping to exclude rupture in one case and help identify rupture in another. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 20, January 2003)
Measurement and evaluation of hydrogen trapping in thoria dispersed nickel

The trapping of hydrogen in nickel-2 vol pct thoria has been measured by permeation techniques. The theory of McNabb and Foster was used to determine the density of trap sites, the rate constant for trapping, and the rate constant for untrapping. Annealed material has trap sites associated with the thoria-nickel interface with the density of sites equal to about a monolayer of hydrogen at the interface. Cold-rolling up to 59 pct reduction in thickness increases the trap site density, probably by opening more sites at the nickel-thoria interfaces. The trapping energy was determined to be about 7.1 kcal/mol H. The trapping rate constant has an activation energy similar to the activation energy for hydrogen diffusion. It was shown that trapping models assuming equilibrium between lattice hydrogen and trapped hydrogen do not apply to the nickel-thoria system. For this system trapping is relatively rapid and untrapping is slow, particularly at low temperatures.
Racial Segregation, Concentrated Disadvantage, and Violent Crime

Existing studies have identified an association between racial segregation and crime but analyses of segregation and crime have occurred solely at the city level of analysis. Measurement of segregation at the neighborhood level is necessary because the larger the unit of analysis is geographically, the more likely variation in segregation is to be concealed within the aggregate unit. This study provides analyses of segregation and crime at the neighborhood level and empirically examines the process by which segregation produces crime. Results indicate that segregation is positively and significantly associated with aggravated assault at the neighborhood level and that the effect of segregation on assault is fully mediated through economic disadvantage. These findings suggest that segregation is an important predictor of violent crime and that efforts to control urban violence should address the many sources of disadvantage caused and exacerbated by segregation.
High genetic variability in a population of Tridacna maxima from the Great Barrier Reef

A population of the bivalve mollusk Tridacna maxima (Roding) from Hron Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, was studied by gel electrophoresis, and proved to be highly variable genetically, with an average heterozygosity of about 22%. This compares closely with a population of T. maxima from Enewetak (Eniwetok) Atoll, with an average heterozygosity of about 20%, very high for marine organisms. Enewetak Atoll was the site of a series of nuclear tests. The Heron Island study verifies that the high variability is natural, and supports the hypothesis that species from trophically stable environments tend to be highly variable genetically.
Inquiry-Based Instruction and Teaching About Nature of Science: Are They Happening?

Anecdotal accounts from science educators suggest that few teachers are teaching science as inquiry. However, there is little empirical evidence to support this claim. This study aimed to provide evidence-based documentation of the state-of-use of inquiry-based instruction and explicit instruction about nature of science (NOS). We examined the teaching practice and views of inquiry and NOS of 26, well-qualified and highly motivated 5th–9th-grade teachers from across the country in order to establish the extent to which their views and practice aligned with ideas in reform-based documents. We used a mixed-methods approach analyzing lesson descriptions, classroom observations, videotape data, questionnaires, and interviews to assess teaching practice and views of inquiry and NOS of these teachers. We also determined the relationships between teachers’ views and their teaching practice. Findings indicated the majority of these teachers held limited views of inquiry-based instruction and NOS. In general, these views were reflected in their teaching practice. Elements of inquiry including abilities, understandings, and essential features were observed or described in less than half the classrooms. Most commonly, teachers focused on basic abilities to do inquiry instead of the essential features or important understandings about inquiry. When aspects of inquiry were present, they were generally teacher-initiated. There was also little evidence of aspects of NOS in teachers’ instruction. This study provides empirical evidence for the claim that even some of the best teachers currently struggle to enact reformed-based teaching. Further, it highlights the critical need for an agreement upon definition of inquiry-based instruction and the need to develop appropriate and feasible assessments that specifically target inquiry to track changes in teachers’ views and practice. Important implications include the heightened need for rigorous and continuous professional development to support teachers in learning about inquiry and NOS and how to enact reform-based instruction in classrooms.
Effective Intervention Programming: Improving Maternal Adjustment Through Parent Education

This study assessed the secondary effects of a parent training intervention program on maternal adjustment, with a focus on understanding ways in which program efficacy differed for participants as a function of whether or not their children had behavior problems. Mothers (N = 99) of toddlers (2–3 years of age) were randomly assigned to receive one of three levels of intervention: (1) informational booklet (2) booklet + face-to-face parent training sessions, or (3) booklet + web-based parent training sessions. Findings indicated that all levels of intervention were associated with increases in maternal well-being for participants with typically developing children. Mothers of toddlers with behavior problems, however, did not benefit from receiving only the booklet but significantly benefitted from receiving either the face-to-face or web-based interventions. Findings are discussed in terms of efficient and efficacious program dissemination and the resulting implications for public policy.
Identifying people with soft-biometrics at fleet week

Person identification is a fundamental robotic capability for long-term interactions with people. It is important to know with whom the robot is interacting for social reasons, as well as to remember user preferences and interaction histories. There exist, however, a number of different features by which people can be identified. This work describes three alternative, soft biometrics (clothing, complexion, and height) that can be learned in real-time and utilized by a humanoid robot in a social setting for person identification. The use of these biometrics is then evaluated as part of a novel experiment in robotic person identification carried out at Fleet Week, New York City in May, 2012. In this experiment, Octavia employed soft biometrics to discriminate between groups of 3 people. 202 volunteers interacted with Octavia as part of the study, interacting with the robot from multiple locations in a challenging environment.
Nannobacteria as a by-product of enzyme-driven tissue decay

Spheroidal features, 50 to 200 nm in size and found in sedimentary rocks, have been described as nannobacteria. The idea that they are minute fossilized life forms—and especially the discovery of such features in Martian meteorite ALH84001—sparked a lively debate with regard to identification of ancient microbial life. Because biologists consider 200–300 nm to be the lower viable size limit for microorganisms, an alternative explanation is needed for features that have been described as nannobacteria by geologists. We report here on tissue-decay experiments that produced abundant proteinaceous spheroids in the size range of nannobacteria (described as nannoballs in the remainder of this paper). Experimental conditions were comparable to those found in Earth9s surface sediments, and diagenetic mineralization of these spheroids may be a common process for preservation of nannoballs that are observed in the rock record.
A NEW SPECIES OF SABAL (PALMAE) FROM FLORIDA

Sabal miamiensis, a species endemic to the Miami pinelands of south Florida, is described and illustrated. It is shown to be morphologically and ecologically distinct fromS. etonia andS. palmetto.
Antidromic and orthodromic responses by subicular neurons in rat brain slices

Abstract The subiculum forms part of the region of transition between hippocampus and entorhinal cortex and is one of the primary output structures of the hippocampal formation. Intracellular recordings from subicular bursting and non-bursting cell types and field potential recordings were taken in horizontal slices from rat brains. The inputs and outputs of the two cell types were studied for the purpose of reinforcing or refuting the dichotomy proposed on the basis of membrane properties. Some bursting cells were antidromically activated by stimuli applied to the superficial or deep layers of presubiculum, but never by stimuli applied to deep layers of medial entorhinal cortex (dMEC). Some non-bursting subicular neurons were antidromically activated by stimuli applied to dMEC, but never by stimuli applied to presubiculum. Antidromic population events in subiculum were single spikes when deep MEC was stimulated, but were bursts when presubiculum was stimulated, even in the presence of glutamate receptor antagonists. Population bursts consist of 2 or more population spikes with peak to peak intervals of ∼5 ms. That population bursts occur in slices where excitatory transmission is blocked suggests that such population bursts reflect coincident bursts by individual neurons. Short-latency ( 10 ms) EPSPs were seen in both cell types in response to presubicular, but not entorhinal or CA1 stimulation. Bursting cells responded to brief trains of orthodromic stimuli (2–10 pulses, 5–10 ms interstimulus interval) with a burst of action potentials even when the cell was previously depolarized out of bursting range by current injection. Non-bursting cells responded to brief trains of orthodromic stimuli with repetitive firing (≤1 spike/stimulus) at all holding potentials. Spike intervals could reach those seen in bursts by bursting cells. It is concluded that: (1) the distinction between bursting and non-bursting subicular neurons is a dichotomy and cells do not change their identity when activated antidromically or orthodromically; (2) the outputs of the two cell types may be different: bursting cells projected to presubiculum and non-bursting cells projected to entorhinal cortex; and (3) non-bursting cells can, when repetitively stimulated, fire repetitive spikes with interspike intervals in the range of intervals seen in bursts.
ALLEVIATION OF AN INDETERMINACY PROBLEM AFFECTING TWO CLASSICAL ITERATIVE IMAGE THRESHOLDING ALGORITHMS

Thresholding algorithms are being increasingly used in a wide variety of disciplines to objectively discern patterns and objects in micrographs, still pictures or remotely-sensed images. Our experience has shown that three common thresholding algorithms exhibit indeterminacy, in that different operator inputs may lead to very different pattern characterizations. A grayscale image of a soil profile is used to illustrate this phenomemon in the case of the intermeans (IM), minimum error (ME), and Besag's iterated conditional modes (ICM) algorithms. For the illustrative example, the IM algorithm depends only weakly on the starting point of the iterative process — it converges to only two adjacent threshold values. In contrast, the ME algorithm converges to 14 different threshold values plus a segmentation that identifies the entire image as dye, and one that identifies none of it as dye. The ICM algorithm converges to an even wider variety of final segmentations, depending on its starting point. A noniterative modification of the IM and ME algorithms is proposed, providing a consistent method for choosing from among a set of apparently equally-valid segmentations.
Software evolution: code delta and code churn

Abstract As software modules evolve over time so do the measurements associated with them. Measuring a software system just once might give some idea of where the system is, but it gives no insight into where it has been or where it is going. In order to evaluate how a system has changed over successive iterations, it is necessary to establish a baseline. This baseline provides the ability to compare different versions of the system to determine how its complexity has changed. Two measurements based on this idea, code delta and code churn, can be used to assess the amount of change in the complexity of the system across successive software builds. The concepts of code delta and code churn are illustrated by measuring a real, industrial sized software system.
The main olfactory bulb and innate behavior: different perspectives on an olfactory scene.

A recent study in Nature now shows that the main olfactory bulb contains a particular zone required for innate odor aversion, indicating that olfactory receptors have behavioral as well as chemical specificity.
CHILDREN'S RESPONSES TO NONEXPLICIT REQUESTS FOR CLARIFICATION

Both normal and language-impaired children's responses to naturally occurring requests for clarification have recently been considered a fertile site for investigating both ability to paraphrase and understanding of conversational rules for repairing communicative breakdowns. Studies of these episodes occurring in spontaneous conversation suggest that even very young children respond to requests for clarification like "huh?" or "what?" with a revised utterance (Gallagher, 1977; Garvey, 1977) ; however, studies in laboratory settings suggest that there may be developmental changes in the understanding of communicative failure. For example, studies by Glucksberg and Krauss (1967) and Jarvis (reported in Flavell, 1968) found that the frequency with which - children produced a new message in response to feedback which indicated the inadequacy of their initial message increased with age. Research by Peterson, Danner, and Flavell ( 1972) suggests that developmental changes in children's understanding are related to the explicitness of the request for clarification. The 4-yr.-old children in their study were able to give another message when explicitly told to do so; however, when told only that the listener did not understand, the 4-yr.-olds were less likely than the 7-yr.-old subjects to give a new message. Neither the 4-yr.-olds nor the 7-yr.-olds were likely to produce a new message in response to a puzzled facial expression. This study represents a further examination of children's responses to re
A novel response to propranolol: contractile response in the isolated rabbit ear artery.

Abstract Propranolol caused a contractile response in the isolated rabbit ear artery (EA). The concentration of propranolol causing a threshold contraction was 1.76 × 10 −6 M while that causing a maximal contraction of 2.2 ± 0.18 g was 3 × 10 −5 M. Higher concentrations caused tissue relaxation. Phentolamine, 10 −7 and 10 −6 M reduced the propranolol-induced contractions by 50% and 90%, respectively while prazosin, 10 −8 , 10 −7 and 10 −6 M caused reductions of 54, 74 and 88%, respectively. Reserpinization of the rabbit with 5 mg/kg 24 hours before use eliminated the EA contractile response to tyramine but had no effect on that to propranolol. Desmethylimipramine plus deoxycorticosterone acetate enhanced the submaximal contraction of the EA to propranolol. In vitro denervation with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) decreased the response of the EA to tyramine and propranolol by 96% and 85% respectively but increased that to norepinephrine (NE) by 11%. Rabbit thoracic aorta (TA) did not respond to propranolol. In EA contracted with vasopressin o or 30 mM potassium, propranolol 10 −4 and 3 × 10 −4 M caused a 20% and 100% relaxation, respectively. It is concluded that propranolol elicits a contractile response in the EA, at least in part, by direct activation of postsynaptic alpha adrenoceptors.
Invariant imbedding and radiative transfer in a homogeneous cylindrical medium

Abstract A new approach to the study of radiative transfer in cylindrical regions is provided. It consists in transforming the appropriate class of Fredholm integral equations for the source function into a Cauchy problem. Previous experience with slab and spherical geometries indicates that such Cauchy problems are readily solved by modern digital computers.
On the transient scattering of light by pulsed liquid crystal cells

Results obtained from several experiments with liquid crystal cells indicate that a light scattering transient which has been attributed to molecular alignment effects in the nematic liquid crystal material may actually be caused by dynamic scattering.
The Effects of Homophily, Identification, and Violent Video Games on Players

After an experiment with 148 male participants, results indicated that skinning a video game character to physically resemble the player led to greater identification and psychological involvement with the game's character but did little to impact the feeling of presence. Exposure to violent content also led to greater physical hostility than exposure to nonviolent content. An interaction effect revealed playing a violent game with a character physically resembling the player led to even greater hostility.
High Tc superconductors as thermal radiation shields

Abstract The properties of high T c superconductors in terms of infrared radiation shielding for liquid helium temperature dewars are discussed. A superconductor with T c of 110 K combined with a liquid nitrogen temperature shield with an emissivity of 0.03 should produce an upper limit to the radiative heat transfer of 15 mW m −2 .
Spontaneous pigment mutants of Anacystis nidulans selected by growth under far-red light.

Under far-red (>650 nm) illumination Anacystis nidulans grows poorly and develops a low chlorophyll content. During continued culture over many generations there are increases in growth rate and in the chlorophyll/phycocyanin ratio, usually occurring in concomitant and stepwise fashion. From such selection cultures six clones have been established which differ from the parent in pigment content and show improved growth rate in far-red light. From the evidence at hand the six clones are presumed to be spontaneous mutants selected under the photosynthetically restrictive condition of far-red illumination.
Convergence of the multigroup approximations for subcritical slab media with applications to shielding calculations

The stability, convergence, and consistency properties of the steady-state multigroup model are investigated for subcritical slab media. These concepts are defined in a Banach space setting in which the norm of the angular flux yields the maximum value, over the position and angular variables, of the energy-integrated angular flux. It is shown that the multigroup approximations are stable, and are both consistent with, and convergent to, the transport equation under the conditions that the maximum fluctuations in the total cross section, and in the number of secondary particles arising from each energy level, tend to zero as the energy mesh becomes finer. These results in this particular Banach space setting extend to slab transport those results obtained by P. Nelson in a shielding norm setting for multigroup transport in submultiplying rod media.
Factors associated with response to a follow-up postal questionnaire in a cohort of American Indians.

Objective The aim of the study was to collect pilot data on response rates to a follow-up postal questionnaire in a cohort of American Indians living in the Southwestern United States. We tested the effect of questionnaire length on response.
Assessment and psychotherapeutic intervention for an HIV-infected preschool child.

ABSTRACT Pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is becoming more common. Moreover, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive status in multiple family members is common and complicates disease management. Practitioners treating these children are often unaware of the effect of the virus on the child's psychological, cognitive, and emotional functioning. In addition, children with AIDS frequently come from families facing pressing social problems, including homelessness, poverty, and drug addiction. HIV-positive children thus confront such diverse issues as the deterioration of developmental skills, social ostracism, and the possibility of imminent death, placing them in a socioemotional crisis. This paper presents a comprehensive psychotherapeutic intervention for such children.
Persistence in a discrete-time stage-structured fungal disease model

A discrete-time susceptible and infected (SI) epidemic model, with less than 100% vertical disease transmission, for the spread of a fungal disease in a structured amphibian host population, is analysed. Criteria for persistence of the population as well as the disease are established. Stability results for host extinction and for the disease-free equilibrium are presented. Bifurcation theory is used to establish existence of an endemic equilibrium.
Oral health and medical status in dentate low‐income older persons

Oral and medical conditions of 295 low-income dentate older persons (17% African-Americans, 14.5% Asians, 11.5% Hispanics, and 57% Caucasians) were studied. The mean age was 72 (SD +/- 6.8; range, 60-91). Oral examinations were performed, stimulated saliva was collected, and interviews were conducted regarding oral health attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors. Past history of restorative care, defined by filled coronal surfaces, differed by ethnicity, with Caucasian elders having most filled surfaces (p 5 mm (F = 8.99, p < 0.003). The present study found few associations between physical and oral health and ethnicity. The benefits of HRT for women's periodontal health and the effects of hypothyroidism on stimulated salivary flow are noteworthy.
Home network: road to ubiquitous world

Home Network is considered to be a stepping stone for ubiquitous world. The current home network solution in Korea is highly focused on delivering security, home control, and remote management to high-rise multi-dwelling units. Initial deployment case shows that individual users are fairly satisfied with the current solution sets but still looking for high-end entertainment solution as well. In this talk, we will cover the current status of LG HomNet, LG Electronics' home network solution, deployment cases, and future roadmap.
Atomistic modeling of unintentional single charge effects in silicon nanowire FETs

Numerical simulations have been performed to study single-charge-induced ON-current fluctuations (random telegraphic noise) in silicon nanowire field-effect transistors. A 3-D fully atomistic quantum-corrected particle-based Monte Carlo device simulator (MCDS 3-D) has been integrated and used in this work. Our study confirms that the presence of single channel charges modifies the electrostatics (carrier density) and dynamics (carrier mobility) of the device, both of which play important roles in determining the magnitude of the current fluctuations. The relative impact (percentage change in the ON-current) depends on an intricate interplay of device size, geometry, channel (crystal) orientation, gate bias, and energetics and spatial location of the charge.
Decreased Cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) Activity in Livers of Type 1 Diabetic Rats and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) of Type 1 Diabetic Patients

The liver plays a major role in the formation of H2S, a novel signaling molecule. Diabetes is associated with lower blood levels of H2S. This study investigated the activities of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE, the enzyme that catalyzes H2S formation) in livers of type 1 diabetic (T1D) animals and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from T1D patients. T1D is associated with both hyperketonemia (acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate) and hyperglycemia. This study also examined the role of hyperglycemia and hyperketonemia per se in decreased CSE activity using U937 monocytes and PBMC isolated from healthy subjects. Livers from streptozotocin-treated T1D rats demonstrated a significantly higher reactive oxygen species production, lower CSE protein expression and activity, and lower H2S formation compared with those of controls. Studies with T1D patients showed a decrease in CSE protein expression and activity in PBMC compared with those of age-matched normal subjects. Cell culture studies demonstrated that high glucose (25 mm) and/or acetoacetate (4 mm) increased reactive oxygen species, decreased CSE mRNA expression, protein expression, and enzymatic activity, and reduced H2S levels; however, β-hydroxybutyrate treatment had no effect. A similar effect, which was also observed in PBMC treated with high glucose alone or along with acetoacetate, was prevented by vitamin D supplementation. Studies with CSE siRNA provide evidence for a relationship between impaired CSE expression and reduced H2S levels. This study demonstrates for the first time that both hyperglycemia and hyperketonemia mediate a reduction in CSE expression and activity, which can contribute to the impaired H2S signaling associated with diabetes.
Pricing of raw agricultural products by quality attributes: case study of Concord grapes.

Numerous fruits and vegetables are priced according to the level of one or more quality characteristics. From a grower's perspective there is a trade-off between quantity (yield) and the quality characteristics for which priced premiums are explicitly paid. This article develops a procedure to analyze such trade-offs and applies it to the situation of Concord grapes. The quality attributes included were soluble solids (sugar), pH, acid, and color. Relationships among these attributes and yield were estimated using regression procedures. The estimated coefficients were used in a separable programming model in order to impute values for the attributes.
Charts for calculating locomotive performance

TO DETERMINE the success of a locomotive application, it is desirable to evaluate the effect on locomotive performance of both system and locomotive constants. In the process of designing an 11,000-volt 25-cycle rectifier locomotive, a generalized graphical method was developed for calculating speed-tractive effort curves, and evaluating relative importance of system and locomotive constants.
An experimental model for studying the desmoplastic response to tumor invasion.

Abstract BL6 melanoma cells injected subcutaneously in 18-month-old syngeneic C57BL 6 mice elicit a marked fibrotic response highly similar in myofibroblast composition and Type V collagen content to that characterizing the desmoplastic response of human carcinomas. This host response can be quantitated in vivo by measuring both hydroxyproline content (total collagen) and incorporation of intraperitoneally injected [14C] proline into collagenase-sensitive protein (new collagen synthesis). 70% inhibition of the response can be achieved with daily l -3,4-dehydroproline. The response can be similarly quantitated in vitro in explants of desmoplastic tumor tissue. The model allows for subsequent investigations of the effects of the desmoplastic response on tumor invasion and metastasis.
FAITH AND LEARNING: TOWARD A TYPOLOGY OF FACULTY VIEWS AT RELIGIOUS RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES

This paper presents a typology of views held by faculty members at four religious research universities concerning the relationship of faith and learning. Only one pattern of responses (out of eight) affirms that faith and learning should exist in complete separation. As a result, the study challenges Jencks and Riesman's (1968) argument that the academic revolution leads to the demise of faith in favor of academic competence.
The Problem of Action and Interest Alignment: Beyond Job Requirements and Incentive Compensation

Abstract We introduce two concepts, action alignment and interest alignment, that we propose to help explain the linkages between employee behaviors and organizational strategy. We first examine the problem of action alignment, developing employee ability to identify and engage in behaviors that most effectively lead to the realization of the goals of organizational strategy. In particular, our discussion of action alignment focuses on the issues of employee line of sight to organizational strategy and the development of shared mindsets within the organization. We argue that aligned actions involving employee behaviors that are discretionary and difficult to specify in advance are especially important because they hold the potential for sustainable competitive advantage leading to organizational value creation. Then we turn the problem of interest alignment, how to motivate employees to engage in such discretionary/unspecifiable aligned actions. We argue for moving beyond the common emphasis on incentive compensative in achieving interest alignment and explore the role of distributive issues in compensation and the role of intrinsic factors deriving from the inherent value and meaningfulness of work for employees.
Reiteration in the Monodominant Tropical Tree Dicymbe corymbosa (Caesalpiniaceae) and its Potential Adaptive Significance

The tropical monodominant tree Dicymbe corymbosa reiterates via epicormic shoots and roots, resulting in multistemmed trees with complex pseudotrunks and root mounds. In 2 ha of primary forest on the Guiana Shield, we quantified the reiterative structure and aboveground soil development of 307 D. corymbosa individuals ≥ 10 cm dbh and investigated the potential adaptive significance of reiteration in terms of genet persistence and root exploitation of aboveground soil accumulations. We also investigated the incidence of the heart rot fungus Phellinus robustus in D. corymbosa and examined its relationship to the reiteration process. Large trees contained more and larger reiterations, greater trunk, root mound, and organic soil volumes, and a higher incidence of Phellinus than smaller trees. Roots and ectomycorrhizas were abundant in aboveground soils on the trees, occurred at higher densities than those of the surrounding forest floor, and may be important in recycling mineral nutrients. Stem turnover and reiteration were associated with Phellinus heart rot and appeared to be cumulative over time, resulting in persistent, structurally complex trees of indeterminate lifespan. Dicymbe corymbosa provides a rare example of a tree species that exploits both persistence and recruitment niches, as it successfully recruits through mast fruiting.
Speech-evoked brainstem frequency-following responses during verbal transformations due to word repetition

Abstract Speech-evoked brainstem frequency-following responses (FFRs) were recorded to repeated presentations of the same stimulus word. Word repetition results in illusory verbal transformations (VTs) in which word perceptions can differ markedly from the actual stimulus. Previous behavioral studies support an explanation of VTs based on changes in arousal or attention. Horizontal and vertical dipole FFRs were recorded to assess responses with putative origins in the auditory nerve and central brainstem, respectively. FFRs were recorded from 18 subjects when they correctly heard the stimulus and when they reported VTs. Although horizontal and vertical dipole FFRs showed different frequency response patterns, dipoles did not differentiate between perceptual conditions. However, when subjects were divided into low- and high-VT groups (based on percentage of VT trials), a significant Condition × Group interaction resulted. This interaction showed the largest difference in FFR amplitudes during VT trials, with the low-VT group showing increased amplitudes, and the high-VT group showing decreased amplitudes, relative to trials in which the stimulus was correctly perceived. These results demonstrate measurable subject differences in the early processing of complex signals, due to possible effects of attention on the brainstem FFR. The present research shows that the FFR is useful in understanding human language as it is coded and processed in the brainstem auditory pathway.
The determination of particle size distribution by hydrodynamic chromatography. An analysis of dispersion and methods for improved signal resolution

Various methods are described and compared for the determination of particle size distributions (PSD) in the submicron range by a technique known as hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC). Data are presented for a series of monodisperse latexes to establish the validity of the Mie theory of light scattering in describing the detector optical density signal. Analyses for the PSD involve corrections to the experimental HDC chromatograms for the effects of dispersion and are broadly classified as integral and numerical methods. Comparisons of calculations are made to chromatograms for polydisperse latexes as well as synthetic, discontinuous distributions and show the critical role of the optical density–particle size relationship in determining resolution and calculation stability. An integral method involving a non-Gaussian form for the dispersion function and a polynomial expansion for the chromatogram and an iterative numerical method involving modifications of a previously published technique are shown to give the best results for the PSD. The discussion includes an analysis of the possibility of improved signal resolution using turbidity in the absorption wavelength region and refractive index measurements. The conclusion is reached that increased resolution with turbidity is preferable to refractive index measurement since lower particle concentrations can be used.
Is there a role for fondaparinux in perioperative bridging

Purpose A possible role for fondaparinux as a bridging agent in the perioperative setting is explored. Summary Anticoagulation guidelines provide minimal direction on the perioperative use of fondaparinux. Fondaparinux’s extended half-life of 17–21 hours complicates its use as a perioperative bridging therapy. The ideal time for discontinuation before surgery is an issue, particularly in surgeries with a high bleeding risk or in which neuraxial anesthesia is used. Guidance for perioperative bridging with fondaparinux must be derived from pharmacokinetic data, surgical prophylaxis trials, case reports, and anesthesia guidelines. Published trials used fondaparinux sodium 2.5 mg daily for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in surgical patients, and the majority avoided its use before surgery in patients receiving neuraxial anesthesia. Three case reports cited the use of fondaparinux sodium as perioperative bridge therapy; one used a 2.5-mg dose, and the other two used a full treatment dose of 7.5 mg. Furthermore, professional anesthesia guidelines conflict in their recommendations regarding the timing of drug administration with neuraxial catheter use. For these reasons, it may be optimal to avoid fondaparinux use before surgery. In some instances, the use of low-molecular-weight heparin or inpatient use of i.v. unfractionated heparin is not possible, is contraindicated, or has limited efficacy, such as a patient with history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia or antithrombin III deficiency. Fondaparinux may have a role in bridge therapy for these patients. Conclusion The role of fondaparinux in perioperative bridge therapy has not been established, and there are some important limitations to its use as a routine bridging agent.
Intron-dependent evolution of chicken glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase gene.

The function of introns in the evolution of genes can be explained in at least two ways: either introns appeared late in evolution and therefore could not have participated in the construction of primordial genes, or RNA splicing and introns existed in the earliest organisms but were lost during the evolution of the modern prokaryotes. The latter alternative allows the possibility of intron participation in the formation of primordial genes before the divergence of modern prokaryotes and eukaryotes1,2. Blake3 suggested that evidence for intron-facilitated evolution of a gene might be found by comparing the borders of functional protein domains with the placement of introns. We therefore examined glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a glycolytic enzyme, because it is the first protein for which the following data are available: (1) X-ray crystallographic studies demonstrating structurally independent protein ‘domains’ which were highly conserved during the divergence of prokaryotes and eukaryotes4,5; and (2) a study of genomic organization which mapped introns in the gene6. Sequencing of the chicken GAPDH gene revealed 11 introns. We report here that sites of three of the introns (IV, VI and XI) correspond closely with the borders of the NAD-binding, catalytic and helical tail domains of the enzyme, supporting the hypothesis that introns did have a role in the evolution of primitive genes. In addition, other biochemical and structural data were used to construct a model of the intron-mediated assembly of the GAPDH gene that explains the existence of 10 introns.
A model for low temperature dynamic recrystallization in highly strained pure Cu and Cu in-situ composites

On suggere que la recristallisation dynamique a faible temperature est permise par une sursaturation extreme de lacunes
Three Classes of Orthomodular Lattices

Let $$\mathcal{OML}$$ denote the class of all orthomodular lattices and $$\mathcal{C}$$ denote the class of those that are commutator-finite. Also, let $$\mathcal{C}_{1}$$ denote the class of orthomodular lattices that satisfy the block extension property, $$\mathcal{C}_{2}$$ those that satisfy the weak block extension property, and $$\mathcal{C}_{3}$$ those that are locally finite. We show that the following strict containments hold: $$\mathcal{C} \subset \mathcal{C}_{1} \subset \mathcal{C}_{2} \subset \mathcal{C}_{3} \subset \mathcal{OML}.$$
Exploring the amyloid proteome in immunoglobulin-derived lymph node amyloidosis using laser microdissection/tandem mass spectrometry

Amyloidosis affecting lymph nodes (LN) may occur in the setting of systemic amyloidosis or as an entity localized to the site of production (peritumoral). Why some LN amyloid remains peritumoral is unknown. We speculated that the composition of amyloid in these two presentations differs. We analyzed the amyloid proteome in LN amyloid samples to identify differences between the systemic and peritumoral subtypes. In immunoglobulin-derived LN amyloidosis (N = 26), 70% had heavy chain amyloid (AH or mixed AH/AL). True localized LN amyloidosis was rare, with only 2 patients without a monoclonal protein component. Nineteen patients (73%) had typical amyloid syndromes (100% of AL vs 67% of AH/AL, P = 0.02). A trend to improved survival for the AH/AL group in comparison to AL (median 5-year survival 48 vs. 19 months, P = 0.06) was seen. Mass spectrometric amyloid analysis is a powerful tool for characterizing amyloid and may provide additional prognostic information. Am. J. Hematol. 88:577–580, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.