cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of micrometric and nanometric viscoelastic inclusions on mechanical damping behavior of cementitious composites

Abstract Improvement in mechanical damping of cementitious materials incorporating viscoelastic inclusions has been evaluated. Specimens were fabricated and tested with cyclic uniaxial compressive loading at frequencies of 0.2–25 Hz. Significant improvement in damping was observed in cementitious–crumb rubber composite specimens when crumb rubber was acid treated, which is hypothesized to occur due to improvements in bond between the rubber inclusions and the cementitious matrix. Specimens containing core-shelled rubber showed improvement in damping over plain cement paste with a lower reduction in strength compared to crumb rubber mixtures, but improvements in damping were less than when acid treated crumb rubber was used.
Subsurface electric fields of a grounded cable of finite length for both frequency and time domain

The subsurface electric fields of a current-carrying cable are examined for both steady-state and transient situations. Closed form expressions are obtained for two of the electric field components, and a numerical integration is used to obtain the third component. Waveforms for a stepfunction current excitation are displayed. The results have possible application to pulsed downlink communication in mine rescue operations.
Safety of carotid endarterectomy while on clopidogrel (Plavix). Clinical article.

Object Many patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) regularly take clopidogrel, a permanent platelet inhibitor. The authors sought to determine whether taking clopidogrel in the period before CEA leads to more bleeding or other complications. Methods The authors performed a retrospective, institutional review board–approved review of 182 consecutive patients who underwent CEA. Clinical, radiographic, and surgical data were gleaned from hospital and clinic records. Analysis was based on the presence or absence of clopidogrel in patients undergoing CEA and was performed twice by considering clopidogrel use within 8 days and within 5 days of surgery to define the groups. Results Taking clopidogrel within 8 days before surgery resulted in no statistical increase in any measure of morbidity or death. Taking clopidogrel within 5 days was associated with a small but significant increase in operative blood loss and conservatively managed postoperative neck swelling. No measure of permanent morbidity or d...
A PRODUCTIVITY MODEL FOR PARASITIZED, MULTIBROODED SONGBIRDS

Abstract We present an enhancement of a simulation model to predict annual productivity for Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) and American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla); the model includes effects of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism. We used species-specific data from the Driftless Area Ecoregion of Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa to parameterize the model as a case study. The simulation model predicted annual productivity of 2.03 ± 1.60 SD for Wood Thrushes and 1.56 ± 1.31 SD for American Redstarts. Our sensitivity analysis showed that high parasitism lowered Wood Thrush annual productivity more than American Redstart productivity, even though parasitism affected individual nests of redstarts more severely. Annual productivity predictions are valuable for habitat managers, but productivity is not easily obtained from field studies. Our model provides a useful means of integrating complex life history parameters to predict productivity for songbirds that experience nest parasitism.
Effectiveness of Kindergarten Intervention Programs: A Meta-Analysis

Psychologists and educators continue to design and implement kindergarten intervention programs unsubstantiated by previous research. The present study used meta-analysis procedures to examine the effects of kindergarten intervention programs on variables related to school success. The meta-analysis was performed on 444 effect sizes derived from 65 previous studies involving 3194 kindergarten children. The mean effect size of 0.434 indicated that test scores obtained by the treatment groups were raised from the 50th to the 67th percentile in relation to the control groups. Strong to moderate positive effects were demonstrated on all measured variables related to school success. As predicted, the effect sizes from highly structured approaches (M- 0.517) were larger than those from the less structured programs (M = 0.298; t = 4.671, d.f. = 386, p 0.05). However, when onl...
AB INITIO ELECTRON DENSITY ANALYSIS OF β-. FLUOROETHYL ANION: THE NON-IMPORTANCE OF ANIONIC FLUORINE HYPERCONJUGATION †

Abstract Integration of the electron density functions derived from SCF LCAO-MO calculations of β-fluoroethyl anion provide integrated spatial electron populations ( ISEP ) around specific regions such as the fluorine atom. Comparison of two conformations of a planar carbanion in which the C-F bond is either alligned with the carbanion lone pair or perpendicular to it shows only a very small difference in fluorine population and demonstrates that the traditional fluorine anionic hyperconjugation mechanism is essentially insignificant. The important difference is that of polarization of electrons rather than charge transfer. Similar conclusions derive from other kinds of comparisons.
Self-reinforcement effects: An artifact of social standard setting?

Two studies were conducted to identify mechanisms responsible for observed "self-reinforcement" effects. In Experiment 1, using a studying task, self-reinforcement procedures did not work when they were private (i.e., when others are not aware of the goals or contingencies), but did work when they were public. Self-delivery of consequences added nothing to the effectiveness of the procedure. The data suggested that public goal setting was the critical element in the procedure's effectiveness. In Experiment 2, an applied extension, goal setting alone was effective in modifying over a long time period studying behaviors of people with significant studying difficulties, but only when the goals were known to others. Overall, the two experiments make more plausible the view that self-reinforcement procedures work by setting a socially available standard against which performance can be evaluated. The procedure itself functions as a discriminative stimulus for stringent or lenient social contingencies. The application of this mechanism to other problems of applied significance is briefly discussed.
Asymmetric catalysis on sequentially-linked columns.

We report a catalytic asymmetric reaction process that involves the use of solid-phase reagents and catalysts that constitute the packing of a series of “reaction columns”. This process was applied to the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of β-lactams, to yield pure products with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivity. We have identified several advantages to conducting chemical reactions on sequential columns, including ease of catalyst and reagent recovery and simplified purification steps that preclude the need for chromatography.
Penetration of 5-fluorouracil and prodrugs across the intestine of the albino rabbit: Evidence for shift in absorption site from the upper to the lower region of the gastrointestinal tract by prodrugs

Abstract The penetration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and five of its prodrugs across the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon and rectum of the albino rabbit was studied using the modified Ussing chamber. The prodrugs were the 1-ethoxycarbonyl, 1-isopropyloxycarbonyl, 1-butyloxycarbonyl, 1-cyclohexyloxycarbonyl and 1-butyryloxymethyl derivatives of 5-FU. Appearance of 5-FU and its prodrugs on the serosal side was monitored by reversed phase HPLC. 5-FU penetrated the jejunum most readily, followed by the duodenum, ileum, rectum and colon in that order. This rank order of penetration was essentially reversed by all five prodrugs. In particular, all five prodrugs reduced the penetration of 5-FU across duodenal, jejunal and ileal segments by a factor of 3–100, while enhancing its penetration across colonic and rectal segments by a factor of 5–12. The net result was a shift in the principal absorption site of 5-FU from the upper to the lower region of gastrointestinal tract. The prodrugs were as effective as the penetration enhancers sodium glycocholate and EDTA in enhancing the rectal penetration of 5-FU, but perhaps without the liability of local irritation and toxicity associated with most penetration enhancers. The reduction in 5-FU transport across the small intestinal segments by prodrugs may be due to a shift in the pathway of drug penetration from para- to trans-cellular rather than to reduced affinity of the prodrugs for the 5-FU carrier. This possibility remains to be investigated.
Camp Selection and the Role of Health Care Providers

The selection of a summer camp that best matches a child's interests, abilities, and developmental level is essential. This article provides information to assist families in their consideration of camp type, location, length of stay, gender composition, and structure. It also outlines the way that health care providers can assist families in selecting the most appropriate camp for their child.
Bilateral Left-Sidedness Heterotaxy Syndrome

![Figure][1] [![Graphic][3] ][3][![Graphic][4] ][4] A 25-year-old man with a history of atrioventricular (AV) canal defect repair in childhood underwent transesophageal echocardiography that revealed left atrial appendage morphology of the right atrial appendage (A) and a
The cDNA sequence and characterization of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-Gr from human brain and thymus.

Abstract We have isolated and sequenced cDNAs encoding Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type Gr (CaM-K-Gr, also called CaM-K-IV) from human brain and thymus. The sequence of the protein coding region of the cDNA is identical in both brain and thymus, although Northern hybridization analysis shows variation of the mRNA transcripts in these tissues. The sequence predicts a protein of M r 51 897 that is 83.7% identical and shows 89.2% similarity with the rat homologue. The deduced human CaM-K-Gr is identical to the rat and mouse proteins in the portion of the enzyme involved in ATP binding, the catalytic domain and Ca- 2+ /calmodulin-binding domain; however, the N terminus of the human kinase, which may comprise a second regulatory domain [McDonald et al., J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 10054–10059], contains a 4-amino-acid (aa) insertion relative to the rodent enzymes. Additionally, the C-terminal association domain shows only 45.2 and 41.6% identity with the rat and mouse proteins, respectively, suggesting that this domain is not constrained by stringent structural and functional requirements. Based on the predicted aa sequence of the human kinase, we produced polyclonal antisera against a C-terminal peptide that recognizes two forms of CaM-K-Gr in human T-cell lymphoma and neuroblastoma cell lines. The human antiserum cross-reacts with the rat and mouse proteins and immunoprecipitates the active kinase.
QUASIVARIETY LATTICES OF POINTED ABELIAN GROUPS

We give a description of quasicritical pointed Abelian groups. It is proved that the quasivariety lattice of pointed Abelian groups is Q-universal. We construct a quasivariety lattice of pointed Abelian groups whose set of finite sublattices is uncomputable. It is shown that there exists a continuum of such lattices of quasivarieties.
Time-Dependent Density Functional Study of the Electronic Excited States of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Radical Ions

A uniform, comprehensive theoretical interpretation of spectroscopic data is presented for 51 radical ion species of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with the aid of (Tamm−Dancoff) time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). TDDFT is capable of predicting the transition energies to the low-lying excited states of PAH ions with quantitative accuracy (the standard deviation from experimental results being less than 0.3 eV) and their intensity patterns qualitatively correctly. The accuracy is hardly affected by the sizes of PAH ions (azulene through dinaphthocoronene), the types of transitions (Koopmans or satellite transitions), the types of orbitals involved (π* ← π, π* ← σ, or σ* ← π transitions), the types of ions (cations or anions), or other geometrical or electronic perturbations (nonplanarity, sp3 carbons, or heterocyclic or nonbenzenoid rings).
Synthesis of nitroimidazole substituted 3,3,9,9-tetramethyl-4,8-diazaundecane-2,10-dione dioximes (propylene amine oximes, PnAOs): Ligands for technetium-99m complexes with potential for imaging hypoxic tissue

Abstract A series of 2-substituted-1,3-diaminopropanes ( 1b-1f, 1h ) have been synthesized as precursors to nitroimidazole-substituted 3,3,9,9-tetramethyl-4,8-diazaundecane-2,10-dione dioxime ( 21b, 21d, 21e and 26a-26c ) (Propylene Amine Oxime, PnAO) ligands. 3-Chloro-3-methyl-1-(2- or 4-nitro-I H -imidazol-1-yl)-2-nitroso-butanes ( 18a-e ) required for the syntheses of nitroimidazole substituted propylene amine oxime (PnAO) ligands were prepared from the corresponding dimethylallyl-nitroimidazoles ( 17a-17e ) by the addition of nitrosyl chloride. A number of nitroimidazole derivatized PnAO ligands possessing potential for either electrostatic, hydrophobic, or hydrophilic interactions were synthesized as precursors to technetium-99m complexes under investigation as potential imaging agents of hypoxia. Derivatives of PnAO, substituted at carbon one, were prepared using the 3-chloro-3-methyl-1-(2- or 4-nitro-1 H -imidazol-1-yl)-2-nitrosobutanes. Three PnAOs 26a-26c derivatized at the central carbon atom, were prepared using 3-bromo-3-methylbutane-2-one ( 24 ).
Preformance and operational modeling of the National Ignition Facility

The National Ignition Facility (NIF), currently under construction at the University of California s Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is a stadium-sized facility containing a 192-beam, 1.8 Megajoule, 500-Terrawatt, 351-nm laser system together with a 10-meter diameter target chamber with room for nearly 100 experimental diagnostics. NIF is being built by the National Nuclear Security Administration and when completed will be the world s largest laser experimental system, providing a national center to study inertial confinement fusion and the physics of matter at extreme energy densities and pressures. NIF s 192 energetic laser beams will compress fusion targets to conditions where they will ignite and burn, liberating more energy than required to initiate the fusion reaction. The first four beamlines (a quad) are currently being commissioned, with increasingly energetic laser pulses being propagated throughout the laser system. Success on many of the NIF laser s missions depends on obtaining precisely specified energy waveforms from each of the 192 beams over a wide variety of pulse lengths and temporal shapes. A computational system, the Laser Performance Operations Model (LPOM) has been developed and deployed during NIF commissioning to automate the laser setup process, and accurately predict laser energtics. For each shot on NIF, the LPOM determines the characteristics of the injection laser system required to achieve the desired main laser output, provides parameter checking for equipment protection, determines the required diagnostic setup, and supplies post-shot data analysis and reporting.
Measurement of intercellular adhesion in the cooked potato tuber

Methods are described for the direct measurement of intercellular adhesion and for the measurement of tuber firmness with a ‘simple puncture tester’ and with the Wolodkewitsch tenderometer. The data obtained with these techniques indicated that, in the cooked potato, tuber firmness depends on intercellular adhesion. The results obtained with the Wolodkewitsch tenderometer were found to be directly related to those obtained with a ‘simple puncture tester’.
Warmth as a Developmental Construct: An Evolutionary Analysis

This paper provides an evolutionary account of the human affectional system as indexed by the construct of warmth. It is argued that although warmth and security of attachment are often closely intertwined in actual relationships, warmth must be distinguished from security of attachment. Warmth is conceptualized as a reward system which evolved to facilitate cohesive family relationships and paternal investment in children. Individual differences in this system underlie the dimension of warmth in parent-child research as well as a similar dimension revealed in factor-analytic studies of personality traits. Warmth plays an important motivational role in children by facilitating compliance and the acceptance of adult values, and is viewed as one of several discrete evolved systems underlying personality development. Although securely attached children typically have affectionate relationships with caregivers in many societies, it is hypothesized that warmth is complexly related to attachment classification. Consistent with a discrete systems perspective, research is reviewed indicating that relationships based on warmth and affection are often highly compartmentalized and can coexist with relationships based on exploitation and aggression.
MACROCYCLE SYNTHESES: CYCLIC KETONES, KETOALKENES, DIKETONES AND DIENES OF RING SIZE C21 TO C26

(1993). MACROCYCLE SYNTHESES: CYCLIC KETONES, KETOALKENES, DIKETONES AND DIENES OF RING SIZE C21 TO C26. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 309-314.
Ethical influences on the evolution of the US tradable permit approach to air pollution control

Abstract In 1975 a novel approach to air pollution control was implemented in the USA. From this rather humble beginning this approach has now been expanded rather dramatically in several different directions. This paper describes this evolution, shows how the design of the system has been adapted to accommodate ethical concerns, and describes how the latest versions of this approach have transformed the regulatory process which spawned the approach in the first place.
Species diversity patterns in some present and prehistoric rodent communities.

Comparisons of prehistoric (A.D. 1100–1400) and extant cricetine-dominated rodent faunas from two locations in New Mexico and one in Arizona reveal temporal changes in both species diversity and taxonomic composition. The archaeological context of the prehistoric faunas permitted them to be dated rather accurately; paleoenvironmental inferences generated from other materials recovered in the excavations such as pollen samples, agricultural remains, and tree-ring specimens provided evidence about prehistoric environmental conditions in the study areas. Both richness and evenness components of diversity are lower in the present day faunas than in their prehistoric counterparts. At the beta (between-habitat or valley-wide) level of diversity the increased prehistoric species richness as well as the nature of the differences in present and prehistoric taxonomic composition can be accounted for by small climatic shifts which were occurring between A.D. 1100 and 1300 in the Southwest and the resultant biogeogrphic responses of certain rodent species. Alpha (or within-habitat) diversity is similar for all analyzed faunas. This suggests basic similarities in very local species packing despite observed spatial and temporal variation in valley-wide diversities. Environmental changes stemming from climatic shifts provide a reasonable explanation of the observed patterns of rodent species occurrence and diversity. Habitat destruction resulting from agricultural practies of prehistoric human populations appears to have had only a limited impact on these rodent communities.
IP3R function in cells of the immune system

Calcium ions regulate almost all cellular processes. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are ubiquitous calcium channels which mediate calcium release primarily from endoplasmic reticulum stores. IP3Rs are activated by the soluble second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), which is produced in response to various stimuli by the action of phospholipase C enzymes. Very soon after the discovery that IP3 is a calcium mobilizing second messenger, it was found that T-cell receptor signaling is dependent upon IP3R activity. It is now known that cell signaling throughout the immune system is dependent upon IP3R-dependent calcium release for many critical processes, including cellular activation, proliferation, and death. This channel plays a critical role in orchestrating the immune response in health and disease and thus offers potential as a therapeutic target in immune-related disorders. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012,1:329–339. doi: 10.1002/wmts.27 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
High-Pressure Trickle-Bed Reactors: A Review

A concise review of relevant experimental observations and modeling of high-pressure trickle-bed reactors, based on recent studies, is presented. The following topics are considered: flow regime transitions, pressure drop, liquid holdup, gas−liquid interfacial area and mass-transfer coefficient, catalyst wetting efficiency, catalyst dilution with inert fines, and evaluation of trickle-bed models for liquid-limited and gas-limited reactions. The effects of high-pressure operation, which is of industrial relevance, on the physicochemical and fluid dynamic parameters are discussed. Empirical and theoretical models developed to account for the effect of high pressure on the various parameters and phenomena pertinent to the topics discussed are briefly described.
(α, 3He) and (α, t) reactions on 40Ca

Abstract Angular distributions have been measured for several levels excited in the 40Ca(α,3He) 41Ca and 40Ca(α, t) 41Sc reactions at 40 MeV bombarding energy. 3He and triton groups corresponding to several known levels in 41Ca and 41Sc were observed, in addition to 41Sc levels at 3.356±0.020 and 3.905±0.020 MeV excitation energy which have not been reported previously. DWBA calculations were performed in both the zero- and finite-range approximations, and spectroscopic factors are compared with the results of other reactions. The (α, 3He) and (α, t) reactions appear to selectively excite analogue states in the 41Ca-41Sc mirror nuclei, most of which correspond to an l = 3 or l = 4 angular momentum transfer.
Developmental Patterns in Stagmomantis limbata (Mantodea: Mantidae): Variation in Instar Number, Growth, and Body Size

Abstract Development affects many components of life history and fitness, including body size. The present study examined the influence of developmental pattern, specifically the number of nymphal instars, on body size (pronotum length) in the praying mantid Stagmomantis limbata Hahn. Mantids were reared in the laboratory from hatching, on standardized diet, to examine variation in instar number. These lab data were then used to assess developmental patterns forfield-collected female nymphs. Laboratoryreared males and females varied in number of instars. Most females required 6 nymphal instars to reach adulthood (64%), whereas 36% underwent 7 instars. Seven-instar females reached the 4th, 5 th, and 6th instars faster than six-instar females, but had shorter pronota than the six-instar females at each of these stages. Seven-instar females were longer than six-instar females at adulthood. Interestingly, the total developmental period from hatching to adulthood was similar for lab-reared seven-instar and six...
A Failure to Implement: Analyzing State Responses to the Supreme Court's Directives in Atkins v. Virginia and Suggestions for a National Standard

In the seminal 2002 case of Atkins v. Virginia, the United States Supreme Court held that executing the mentally retarded violates the Eighth Amendment's ban on cruel and unusual punishment. The Court did not set forth guidelines for defining mentally retarded and instead left it to the states to define the issue individually. State definitions for mental retardation or intellectual disability were examined, including documentation of procedures for Atkins claims. Results indicated significant differences between states in definitions and procedures. Not all states had a statutory ban on executing the mentally retarded, and while most states subscribed to a three-pronged definition modeled after clinical psychiatric definitions, most failed to operationalize the prongs. Additionally, states differed on the burden of proof required to show mental retardation, which party bears that burden, the timing of the showing, who makes the determination of mental retardation, and the standard used to review the dete...
In memoriam John J. Holland (1929-2013): a pioneer in molecular virology.

John J. Holland, Professor Emeritus of Biological Sciences at the University of California, San Diego, died in October, 2013. John was a pioneer in RNA virology, changing the way we think about RNA virus evolution. He was a scientific leader who served the virology community at the international, national, and university levels. John was an outstanding teacher and mentor who will be greatly missed. We thank John9s many friends, colleagues, trainees, and family for contributing their remembrances of this remarkable scientist.
The “womanhood” rationale in the woman suffrage rhetoric of Frances E. Willard

Frances E. Willard, the leader of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union from 1879–1898, relied primarily on womanhood arguments, making her uniquely successful at promoting woman suffrage with conservative audiences. Willard, through strategic use of euphemism and metaphor, linked woman's desire for the vote with the qualities of women embodied in the “true womanhood” ideal. This essay concludes that the popularization of Willard's strategies represented a transformation of the symbolic context of the woman suffrage movement, and it examines the implications of that transformation for later feminist action.
Application of real-time 3-D saft in the tandem mode

Abstract This paper presents a description of what tandem SAFT is as contrasted with pulse-echo SAFT. The implementation of tandem SAFT is far more complicated than pulse-echo SAFT and puts greater demands on computer processing speed and/or virtual computer memory capacity. Tandem SAFT has been implemented by using look-up tables for determining path lengths so that no computations are needed during processing. Furthermore, the tandem SAFT has been developed for operation on a special-purpose parallel processor so that speeds of 10 A-scans/s can be achieved. A series of studies have been made of system performance showing resolution performance, effects of saturation on imaging, defect orientation effects, sizing criteria, and difficulties encountered on thin specimens when using tandem SAFT.
EFFICIENCY OF DENGUE SEROTYPE 2 VIRUS STRAINS TO INFECT AND DISSEMINATE IN AEDES AEGYPTI

Dengue serotype 2 (DEN-2) viruses with the potential to cause dengue hemorrhagic fever have been shown to belong to the Southeast (SE) Asian genotype. These viruses appear to be rapidly displacing the American genotype of DEN-2 in the Western Hemisphere. To determine whether distinct genotypes of DEN-2 virus are better adapted to mosquito transmission, we classified 15 viral strains of DEN-2 phylogenetically and compared their ability to infect and disseminate in different populations of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Envelope gene nucleotide sequence analysis confirmed that six strains belonged to the American genotype and nine strains were of the SE Asian genotype. The overall rate of disseminated infection in mosquitoes from Texas was 27% for the SE Asian genotype versus 9% for the American genotype. This pattern of infection was similar in another population of mosquitoes sampled from southern Mexico (30% versus 13%). Together, these findings suggest that Ae. aegypti tends to be more susceptible to infection by DEN-2 viruses of the SE Asian genotype than to those of the American genotype, and this may have epidemiologic implications.
Interference between diffraction and transmission in the Mie extinction efficiency

We give simple analytic and numerical demonstrations showing that the interference structure in the Mie extinction efficiency of a sphere is caused by the interference of the light waves that are diffracted and transmitted in the near-forward direction.
Randomized Controlled Trials Involving Multidisciplinary Interventions in the Community

This article is a follow-up to the discussion started in the April issue with Beland and colleagues' article "A System of Integrated Care for Older Persons with Disabilities in Canada: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial" (p. 367), complemented by the Reuben guest editorial (p. 365). The Editor invites short position articles that contribute to this same argumentation.
High Art Down Home: An Economic Ethnography of a Local Art Market

High Art Down Home: An Economic Ethnography of. Local Art Market. Stuart Plattner. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996. 250 pp.
Are complex 'that' phrases devices of direct reference ?

Remettant en doute la position dominante de D. Kaplan concernant le statut des phrases complexes fondees sur la conjonction que, l'A. defend l'idee selon laquelle celles-ci ne sont pas des instruments de la reference directe, mais des phrases quantificateurs. Se proposant de developper une semantique quantificationnelle des phrases avec que, l'A. substitue a l'analyse du contexte physique de l'enonce celle de la notion de non-demonstration de la non-reference du locuteur, d'une part, et definit les proprietes de l'intention perceptive et de l'intention descriptive du locuteur au fondement de sa semantique, d'autre part
Songs, Dreamings, and Ghosts: The Wangga of North Australia

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Allan Marett Year: 2005 Pages: 320 Publisher: Wesleyan University Press ISBN: 0-8195-6618-7 Prices: $34.95 US$
Relative inductance extraction method

A new relative inductance extraction method is defined to solve massive coupled RLC interconnects. The new relative inductance generates a sparse inductance matrix. Therefore, it enables modeling of large circuits with reasonable speed and accuracy. It maintains accuracy for all frequencies, even for the cases that there are no near return paths. Simulations done for a 16 bit bus with each line divided into 16 segments show that this method is 4 times faster than using the dense inductance matrix.
ANALYSIS OF A NUCLEAR REACTOR SUPPORT STRUCTURE

A general solution is presented for the deformation of a circular grid support structure, which consists of two parallel perforated plates positioned one above the other and interconnected by a large number of tubes. The solution is based on a modified shape function for a circular plate which may be subjected to any degree of edge restraint, ranging from fixed to simple supports. The Rayleigh-Ritz method is used in conjunction with the Lagrangian multiplier associated with the degree of edge restraint. The complexity introduced by the holes in the two plates is circumvented by the use of two equivalent solid plates. The solution is given in terms of a set of simultaneous algebraic equations with a general expression for the coefficients.
A literature-based method for assessing the functional coherence of a gene group

Motivation: Many experimental and algorithmic approaches in biology generate groups of genes that need to be examined for related functional properties. For example, gene expression profiles are frequently organized into clusters of genes that may share functional properties. We evaluate a method, neighbor divergence per gene (NDPG), that uses scientific literature to assess whether a group of genes are functionally related. The method requires only a corpus of documents and an index connecting the documents to genes. Results: We evaluate NDPG on 2796 functional groups generated by the Gene Ontology consortium in four organisms: mouse, fly, worm and yeast. NDPG finds functional coherence in 96, 92, 82 and 45% of the groups (at 99.9% specificity) in yeast, mouse, fly and worm respectively. Availability: Contact authors.
Shaping the New World

Mit dem Anbruch des elektronischen Zeitalters haben wir es in der Hand, die Welt noch einmal nach unserem Willen zu gestalten, quasi wie die ersten Siedler eines neu entdeckten leeren Landes, wie Gronland oder wie auf dem Mond. Es hilft aber nicht, in Gronland Steine fur Hauser zu sammeln und auf dem Mond werden weiche Teppiche besser an die Decke geklebt. Die neue Welt verlangt Abschied vom Alten.
Finite-element analysis of infinite and finite arrays

This paper considers and compares the numerical characterization of regular planar antenna arrays from two viewpoints. In the case where the array is sufficiently large, the well-known infinite array idealization applies and a very efficient simulation method is presented which combines array theory with a specialized form of the finite-element method called the transfinite element method (TFEM). Alternatively, a more direct approach is discussed in which the entire antenna array is simulated as a finite structure using recent advances in the domain decomposition method (DDM). Taken together, the two methods provide a comprehensive simulation method for regular arrays from small order to very large order.
A 5-6 GHz SiGe HBT monolithic active isolator for improving reverse isolation in wireless systems

A monolithic active isolator combining common-base and common-collector configurations of SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT) is used to improve reverse isolation in wireless system applications. This simple active isolator results in an insertion loss of 2 dB and input IP3 of +0.7 dBm over 5-6 GHz with a 1.8-mA current flow for the core circuit of a 3-V supply.
Cancers of the prostate, penis, and testicles: epidemiology, prevention, and treatment

Cancer is a disease that most people fear. Nurses are required to provide information on how to avoid cancer, and, once the diagnosis is made, how to cope with it. Prevention and early detection of the cancers described in this article are in the very early stages of knowledge development, but general health promotion guidance can be offered on how to avoid most cancers (ie, no tobacco use, a high-fiber and low fat diet, exercise, and maintaining a normal weight). Nurses also can advise patients to be screened for colorectal cancer at the appropriate ages and time intervals and to be aware as new developments occur in the scientific base for screenings in the areas of prostate, penile, and testicular cancer. Finally, coping with these forms of cancer often requires the patient to make major lifestyle and psychological changes, especially if surgery in the genital area occurs. Decreased libido, incontinence, and impotence are major complications that can occur with these illnesses. The male cancers described vary tremendously in their prevalence, incidence, mortality, treatment, and survival rates. Within this group, there are remarkably positive outcomes and outcomes much in need of improvement. Penile and testicular cancers are the bright spots in this picture; both are uncommon, and both are eminently treatable. Prostate cancer, on the other hand, is quite common, difficult to screen, difficult to treat without major sexual problems, and yet receives relatively little funding from the NIH. Although as many men die from prostate cancer as women die from breast cancer, NIH funds breast cancer research at much higher levels than prostate cancer. According to the latest data available at the NIH Web site, during the 1990s, the amount of NIH funding varied from four times more for breast cancer (1993) to 2.9 times more in 1999. For fiscal year 2002, NIH is providing $522 million in funding for breast cancer and $278 million for prostate cancer. Private foundation funds for prostate cancer are much smaller than those available for breast cancer. Both types of cancer are extremely important to address, and both should receive adequate research attention. Nurses can advocate for more funding for prostate cancer, from basic science approaches to behavioral science strategies.
Achieving true parallelism on a High Performance Heterogeneous Computer via a threaded programming model

As Reconfigurable Computing (RC) closes its sixth decade, significant improvements have been made to make this technology a competitor for application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). With the field programmable gate array (FPGA) computing power operating significantly lower in speed than that of a general purpose processor (GPP), the developer must exploit every avenue possible to attain a speedup on a heterogeneous computer. Achieveing a significant speedup is what makes the RC application development process worthwhile. The developer may reap the benefits of having better computational power at a lower cost than using a traditional ASIC. This occurs primarily through efforts to pipeline and parallelize processes on an FPGA. In addition to the traditional “three P's,” 1 this paper highlights another speedup avenue via true multilevel parallelism. In particular, it further demonstrates this concept by using a threaded programming model that allows for the GPP and the FPGA to run simultaneously. This method is realized through a threaded dot product on a heterogeneous computer.
Classifying data patterns of a time series

Deals with the problem of partitioning time series data into equivalence classes such that each class contains data blocks of similar patterns. The authors discuss the issue of similarity and the metrics involved in the derivation of equivalence classes. Four algorithms are discussed along with the results of their performance on stock data.
Twitter’s capacity to support collaborative learning

Like other social media, the microblogging service Twitter appears to offer affordances for collaborative learning. This study investigated the required use of Twitter as part of a face-to-face, undergraduate teacher education class. Data included student and instructor Twitter activities, an end-of-semester survey of students’ perspectives on their use of Twitter, and a focus group. Participants noted several benefits to Twitter use in the course, including enabling communication and interaction within the class and with the professional education community. Twitter facilitated connectedness and resource sharing that was collaborative in nature, and functioned as one of several tools students utilised for collaboration. Recommendations are given regarding the use of microblogging in education and future research.
Americans’ Attitudes Toward the Political Parties and the Party System

Drawing on survey data from ANES, Gallup, Pew, and other polls, this article examines attitudes toward the parties and the party system from 1996 to 2014. A previous Poll Trends analysis of the parties, through 1995, found antipathy toward the party system but not toward the parties themselves. The data since 1996 demonstrate that extreme discontent now extends beyond the party system to the Republican and Democratic parties. The data also show that Americans have grown more likely to see sharp differences between the major parties, and to perceive both parties as too ideological. As for the party system, Americans express a high degree of ambivalence. On one hand, many believe that the major parties do not do an adequate job of representing the people, and that the country needs a third political party. On the other hand, there is skepticism that a third party would improve the quality of American democracy. Surveys continually register almost no support or even willingness to seriously consider support for a third-party candidate
Classification of Wetlands

Humans have been classifying and managing wetlands for their ecological services and economic value that are specific to societal needs since the dawn of civilization. These classification systems and management strategies evolve as society’s needs change both spatially and temporally. In general, most systems of classification can be divided into three broad categories that are based on their function (what wetlands do), structure (what wetlands look like), or utility (how wetlands are managed). Like any system of classification, it must be remembered that there is no one best classification approach and each is developed with a specific purpose. Among the structural systems, the National Wetland Inventory or Cowardin system is perhaps the most widely recognized. Functional systems are focused mainly on hydrology and external forces such as climate and include the hydrogeomorphic (HGM) approach. The utility approach is perhaps the most diverse among the systems of classification with the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment being the most recent iteration that is focused on the ecosystem services that provide some benefit to the individual as well as society. Here the three broad categories of wetland classification systems as well as their inter-relationships are discussed with the goal of recognizing the value(s) that each approach contributes for developing a more integrated and optimized approach for wetland management strategies.
Biologic Properties of Viable Deletion Mutants of Simian Virus 40 (SV40) Rescued From the Cells of an SV40-lnduced Hamster Lymphocytic Leukemia

A lymphocytic leukemia induced by the oncogenic DNA simian virus 40 (SV40) in an inbred LSH/SsLak Syrian golden hamster was evoked to produce infectious SV40 by fusion of the leukemia cells with grivet monkey kidney (GMK) cells and by exposure of the leukemia cells to the chemical inducers mitomycin C and cycloheximide. Plaque-purified viable substrains of the rescued SV40 when studied by restriction endonuclease digestion of viral DNA were found to contain small deletions within the Hind III restriction fragment C. These deletions lay near the viral origin of DNA replication. Ten plaque-purified substrains of the rescued virus identified by immunofluorescence as being SV40 were found, when compared to the wild-type SV40, to replicate slowly and to form small plaques. Although these substrains transformed NIH/3T3 cells as efficiently as the wild-type SV40 in tissue culture, they were generally less oncogenic in vivo--7 of the 10 failed to induce tumors. The 3 oncogenic SV40-rescued substrains were not found to exhibit "lymphocytotropism," i.e., the capacity to infect and neoplastically transform preferentially hamster lymphocytes. Thus the hamster lymphocytic leukemia originally induced by the wild-type SV40 was most likely a chance-stochastic event rather than the result of tropism-determinism mediated by the virus, as is usually the case with leukemogenic RNA viruses.
Redesigned Geriatric Emergency Care May Have Helped Reduce Admissions Of Older Adults To Intensive Care Units

Charged with transforming geriatric emergency care by applying palliative care principles, a process improvement team at New York City’s Mount Sinai Medical Center developed the GEDI WISE (Geriatric Emergency Department Innovations in Care through Workforce, Informatics, and Structural Enhancements) model. The model introduced workforce enhancements for emergency department (ED) and adjunct staff, including role redefinition, retraining, and education in palliative care principles. Existing ED triage nurses screened patients ages sixty-five and older to identify those at high risk of ED revisit and hospital readmission. Once fully trained, these nurses screened all but 6 percent of ED visitors meeting the screening criteria. Newly hired ED nurse practitioners identified high-risk patients suitable for and desiring palliative and hospice care, then expedited referrals. Between January 2011 and May 2013 the percentage of geriatric ED admissions to the intensive care unit fell significantly, from 2.3 percent...
RECORDING, ANALYZING, AND DISPLAYING SPATIO-TEMPORAL POSITION DATA

Many psychological investigations require the precise measurement of the spatial position of an organlsm (or a body part) at successive temporal intervals. This type of study generates large quantities of data. A manual analysis is usually not exhaustive and detailed because l r 1s tedious, time-consuming, and expensive to perform. The techniques of Haith (1 ) and Herron and Frobish (2 ) may be combined to provide a semiautomatic procedure for recording, analyzing, and displaying spaao-temporal position data. Haith (1 ) has developed a semiautomatic recording technique. Successive spatial positions were recorded on motion picture film. Each film frame was projected onto a screen which had a grid of wires in front of it. Touching a metal probe to the vertical and horizontal wires which formed the coordinates of the point to be measured automatically punched rhe Cartesian coordinates into IBM cards. Herron and Frobish. ( 2 ) have described an automatic method for analyzing and displaying movement patterns of one or more organisms within a spatial field. Positions were recorded using time-lapse photography. The photographs were of children in a play area using 10-sec. intervals over several play sessions. Each child's position on each frame was manually recorded as Cartesian coordinates by estimating his position relative to a grid of 3-ft, squares painted on the floor. The coordinates were punched into 1BM cards which served as input to an IBM 7094 computer and a CalComp 670-564 (California Computer Products) plotter. The computer-plotter was programmed to yield a number of numerical and graphical descriptions for each session and over all sessions, viz., distances travelled, distances between children, frequency o f entry into specified territories, frequency of solitary activity in each territory, and frequency of accompaniment by selected permutations of other children in each territory. Numerous other analyses are possible once position data have been recorded as Cartesian coordinates. Since Haith's appararus requires special construction, it is desirable to consider an alternative semiautomatic procedure which uses hardware already available. A graphical input device, e.g., a CALMA Digitizer, may be used to record position data on dlgital magnetic tape. It may be applied to either positives or negatives obtained from either motion pictures or time-lapse photography. The reference coordinate system may be placed either on the floor or superimposed over each frame with a template. The digitizer is used to identify the experiment, run, and number of each frame, and a manual stylus locates the position of each person with respect to the coordinate system. Thus, a tape is produced containing a number of frames of position data for analysis and display by the computer-plotter system. Programs mag be applied to correct for lens magnification and pin cushion distoraon.
Vegetation Characteristics of Microtus ochrogaster and M. pennsylvanicus Habitats in East-Central Illinois

Vegetation characteristics of Microtus ochrogaster and M. pennsylvanicus habitats in east-central Illinois were analyzed by comparing local distribution of the two species among 128 roadside sites. M. pennsylvanicus was the only species at 41 sites, whereas only M. ochrogaster occurred at 28 sites; both species occurred at two sites. Comparison of the vegetation at 18 M. pennsylvanicus sites and 17 M. ochrogaster sites revealed that M. pennsylvanicus sites were characterized by a greater total vegetation biomass, a higher percent composition of grasses other than Poa and by a lesser amount of Taraxacum than were M. ochrogaster sites. Mean total cover was similar between M. ochrogaster and M. pennsylvanicus sites; mean vegetation ceiling height and litter depth at M. pennsylvanicus sites were nearly twice those at M. ochrogaster sites. Discriminant function analysis indicated that total biomass, percent species composition and structure (mean height) explained 42.8, 48.8, and 57.5%, respectively, of the vegetation variation between M. ochrogaster and M. pennsylvanicus sites. Non- Poa monocotyledonous plants contributed most to the discriminant functions; mean litter height also contributed significantly to the structural model. The structural model was the best predictor of whether a site would be inhabited by M. ochrogaster or by M. pennsylvanicus . We suggest that differential predation risk resulting from difference in nest location (surface and underground for M. pennsylvanicus and M. ochrogaster , respectively) is responsible for the preference of M. pennsylvanicus for dense vegetation habitats and tolerance of M. ochrogaster for sites with more sparse cover.