cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An incompatibility projector based on an interpolant of Gregory

This paper develops an “incompatibility projector” Qm which is an intrinsically bivariate projector that is not the composition of two univariate projectors. Then it employs Qm to manifest a recent rational interpolant due to Gregory in projector form as a triple Boolean stem. This creates a mold for additional compatibility projectors which yield interpolants to functions that do not meet the ordinary compatibility constraints required for Boolean sttm interpolation.
Photoelectron spectroscopy of pentaatomic tetracoordinate planar carbon molecules: CAl3Si− and CAl3Ge−

We report a temperature-dependent photoelectron spectroscopy study of CAl3Si− and CAl3Ge−, the first pentaatomic planar-carbon molecules characterized in both their anionic and neutral states. Significantly improved spectra were obtained under cold experimental conditions, allowing us to determine the electron affinities of CAl3Si (2.77 eV) and CAl3Ge (2.70 eV) for the first time. Three photon energies were used and the 193-nm spectra revealed two additional detachment features, allowing a total of six detachment channels to be observed for each anion. The measured vertical detachment energies and electron affinities were compared with the previous theoretical predictions, and excellent agreement was observed.
Social competency and social perceptivity in self and others

Males who self-reported heterosocial problems and whose role-play interactions were judged to be low on social competence were compared to a group of high socially competent males on their ability to judge their own and others' social competency. Results indicated that in comparison to the high-competent group, low-competent males showed less agreement with judges in rating their own and others' levels of competency. Using profile components of elevation, scatter, and pattern, more detailed analyses showed that the two groups differed primarily on scatter. The low-competent individuals had less scatter, suggesting that they have a discrimination deficiency. Implications of the results are discussed for the etiology and treatment of social incompetence and for future research.
Density, Viscosity, and Thermal Conductivity of Aqueous Ethylene, Diethylene, and Triethylene Glycol Mixtures between 290 K and 450 K

The density, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol + water, diethylene glycol + water, and triethylene glycol + water mixtures were measured at temperatures ranging from 290 K to 450 K and concentrations ranging from 25 mol % glycol to 100 mol % glycol. Our data were generally in agreement with the limited data available in the literature and were correlated using simple empirical expressions and the generalized corresponding states principle (GCSP). The GCSP method, with two adjustable parameters for each property, offers the potential for judicious extrapolation of density and transport property data for all glycol + water mixtures.
Temperature-dependent structure of Tb-doped magnetite nanoparticles

High quality 5 nm cubic Tb-doped magnetite nanoparticles have been synthesized by a wet-chemical method to investigate tailoring of magnetic properties for imaging and biomedical applications. We show that the Tb is incorporated into the octahedral 3+ sites. High-angle annular dark-field microscopy shows that the dopant is well-distributed throughout the particle, and x-ray diffraction measurements show a small lattice parameter shift with the inclusion of a rare-earth dopant. Magnetization and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism data indicate that the Tb spins are unpolarized and weakly coupled to the iron spin lattice at room temperature, and begin to polarize and couple to the iron oxide lattice at temperatures below 50 K. Broadband ferromagnetic resonance measurements show no increase in magnetic damping at room temperature for Tb-doped nanoparticles relative to undoped nanoparticles, further confirming weak coupling between Fe and Tb spins at room temperature. The Gilbert damping constant, α, is remarkably low for the Tb-doped nanoparticles, with α = 0.024 ± 0.003. These nanoparticles, which have a large fixed moment, a large fluctuating moment and optically active rare-earth elements, are potential high-relaxivity T1 and T2 MRI agents with integrated optical signatures.
Regulation of metallothionein genes by heavy metals appears to be mediated by a zinc-sensitive inhibitor that interacts with a constitutively active transcription factor, MTF-1.

Abstract A construct, MRE-beta Geo, with five metal response elements fused to a selectable reporter gene was transfected into BHK cells and a stable clone that could be induced up to 100-fold by zinc, cadmium, bismuth, silver, cobalt, copper, mercury, or nickle was isolated. Some, and perhaps all, of these metals induce MRE-beta Geo by displacing zinc. Transfection of these cells with a construct encoding the transcriptional activator MTF-1 resulted in constitutive expression of MRE-beta Geo, whereas expression of an antisense MTF-1 construct in these cells prevented induction by all of the metals. A variant cell line with high constitutive expression in the absence of added metals was isolated; normal regulation was restored by cell fusion. These results suggest that regulation of metallothionein genes by metals is mediated by MTF-1 interacting with metal response elements and that zinc functions to release MTF-1 from an inhibitor.
Bidirectional modulation of cortical acetylcholine efflux by infusion of benzodiazepine receptor ligands into the basal forebrain

Abstract In a previous in vivo microdialysis study in rats, it was found that cortical acetylcholine (ACh) efflux was reliably increased by a multimodal appetitive stimulus (onset of darkness with presentation of palatable food). Furthermore, this stimulated ACh efflux was significantly enhanced by systemic administration of a benzodiazepine receptor (BZR) weak inverse agonist and significantly reduced by a BZR full agonist. These effects contrasted with the minimal effects of BZR ligands on basal cortical ACh efflux in resting animals. The aim of the present study was to determine whether this modulation of stimulated cortical ACh efflux by BZR ligands was mediated within the basal forebrain. ACh efflux, measured with in vivo microdialysis, was stimulated by onset of darkness, an event which predicted delivery of palatable food. The BZR full inverse agonist, β-CCM (3.0 μg/hemisphere) or the full agonist chlordiazepoxide (40.0 μg/hemisphere) was infused into the basal forebrain just prior to the darkness/food stimulus. Similar to previous results with systemic administration, the BZR full inverse agonist enhanced, while the full agonist reduced, stimulated cortical ACh efflux. These results demonstrate that the action of BZR ligands in the basal forebrain is sufficient for their modulation of cortical ACh release.
On the Leibniz (co)homology of the Lie algebra of the Euclidean group

Abstract The Lie algebra of the Euclidean group is an abelian extension of the orthogonal Lie algebra. We compute its Leibniz (co)homology. It is computed via the identification of certain orthogonal invariants and shown to be an algebra generated by a n − 1 -fold tensor and an n -fold tensor.
Determination of latex content in guayule

Abstract An analytical method for evaluating the latex content of guayule ( Parthenium argentatum Gray) is presented. This aqueous based extraction process requires only five grams of stem material and can be performed without harvesting the entire plant. To evaluate this extraction method, latex yield and quality is compared to that from Soxhlet extractions with pentane: acetone (82: 18 v/v). Gel permeation chromatography indicates that the latex extracted using this method is devoid of lower molecular weight rubber coproducts.
Dispersion of the temperature dependence of the retardance in SiO 2 and MgF 2

We have directly measured the retardance versus temperature for single-crystal quartz (SiO2) and magnesium fluoride (MgF2) at wavelengths of 633, 788, 1318, and 1539 nm and over a temperature range of 24–80 °C. To our knowledge, the temperature dependence of retardance for these two materials has not been directly measured. We compared our direct measurements of the normalized temperature derivative of the retardance γ with derived values from previously reported indirect measurements and found our results to be in agreement and our measurement uncertainties to be typically a factor of 4 smaller. Our overall mean value for γSiO2 is -1.23 × 10-4 with a combined standard uncertainty of 0.02 × 10-4 and little wavelength dependence over the 633–1539-nm range. Our overall mean value for γMgF2 is -5.37 × 10-5 with a combined standard uncertainty of 0.17 × 10-5 and with a small wavelength dependence over the 633–1539-nm range.
STRATEGIES FOR THE CONTROL OF TRACHOMA

Trachoma is still a major cause of blindness in many developing areas. Trachoma can be viewed as a community-based disease, and treatment or intervening strategies must be aimed at the community level. The more conventional approaches of treatment using either topical or systemic antibiotics do not seem to offer an appropriate cost-benefit ratio for widespread use. A number of the recent advances in epidemiological field research offer new methods and techniques for studying trachoma. Carefully designed epidemiological field studies can evaluate the role of many different community, family and personal practices and behaviours that could be associated with trachoma. Two recent studies have now shown a clear association between trachoma and infrequent face washing in children. Further studies are in progress to identify ways to alter this behaviour and assess the impact of such an intervention on trachoma. An appropriately designed intervention strategy using a public health approach to alter hygiene practices should have a lasting impact on trachoma at the community level.
Postcholecystectomy pain syndrome: Pathophysiology of abdominal pain in sphincter of Oddi type III

Background & Aims: Persistent abdominal pain occurs in many patients after cholecystectomy, some of whom are described as having sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD). Pain in SOD type III is thought to be of biliary origin with little objective data, and treatment is often unsatisfactory. Chronic abdominal pain without a biological disease marker is similar to irritable bowel syndrome, in which many patients exhibit visceral hyperalgesia. This study tested the hypothesis that duodenal-specific visceral afferent sensitivity exists in patients with SOD type III. Methods: Eleven patients with chronic abdominal pain after cholecystectomy and 10 controls underwent duodenal and rectal barostat studies to evaluate visceral pain perception measured with a visual analog scale. All subjects underwent psychological testing. Results: Patients with SOD type III exhibited duodenal but not rectal hyperalgesia compared with controls. There were no differences in duodenal compliance between the groups. Duodenal distention reproduced symptoms in all but 1 patient. Patients showed high levels of somatization, depression, obsessive-compulsive behavior, and anxiety. Conclusions: Patients with SOD type III exhibited duodenal-specific visceral hyperalgesia, and duodenal distention reproduced symptoms in all but 1 patient. Abdominal pain in these patients may not originate exclusively from the biliary tree.
1H-NMR investigation of the oxygenation of hemoglobin in intact human red blood cells

Using improved selective excitation methods for protein nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), we have conducted measurements of the oxygenation of hemoglobin inside intact human red blood cells. The selective excitation methods use pulse shape-insensitive suppression of the water signal, while producing uniform phase excitation in the region of interest and, thus, are suitable for a wide variety of applications in vivo. We have measured the areas of 1H-NMR resonances of the hyperfine-shifted, exchangeable N delta H protons of the proximal histidine residues of the alpha- and beta-chains in deoxyhemoglobin (63 and 76 ppm downfield from the proton resonance of 2,2-dimethyl-2-silapentane-5-sulfonate (DSS), respectively), which are sensitive to the paramagnetic state of the iron, and for which the alpha- and beta-chain resonances are resolved, and from the ring current-shifted gamma 2-CH3 protons of the distal valine residues in oxyhemoglobin (2.4 ppm upfield from DSS), which are sensitive to the conformation of the heme pocket in the oxy state. We have found that the proximal histidine resonances are directly correlated with the degree of oxygenation of hemoglobin, whereas the distal valine resonances appear to be correlated with the conformation in the heme pocket that occurs after the binding of oxygen, in both the presence and absence of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. In addition, from the proximal histidine resonances, we have observed a preference for the binding of oxygen to the alpha-chain (up to about 10%) of hemoglobin over the beta-chain in both the presence and absence of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. These new results obtained in intact erythrocytes are consistent with our previous 1H-NMR studies on purified human normal adult hemoglobin. A unique feature of our 1H-NMR method is the ability to monitor the binding of oxygen specifically to the alpha- and beta-chains of hemoglobin both in solution and in intact red blood cells. This information is essential to our understanding of the molecular basis for the hemoglobin molecule serving as the oxygen carrier in vertebrates.
Molybdenum effect on Fe–Cr–Ni-alloy elastic constants

This study involved the measurement of the polycrystalline elastic constants of six face-centered-cubic Fe--Cr--Ni alloys, nominally Fe--19Cr--12Ni (at. %). In these alloys, Mo content ranged up to 2.4 at. %. Molybdenum lowers the Young and shear moduli, and it raises the Poisson ratio. Against expectation (because it increases volume), Mo raises the bulk modulus. Qualitatively, the results show that Ni raises the bulk modulus and Poisson ratio; but Ni lowers the Young and shear moduli. (Nickel decreases the alloy's atomic volume.) The discussion includes existing models based on 3d-electron theory.
EXAFS spectroscopic studies of uranium(VI) oxide precipitates

We have investigated the structures of U(VI) oxides precipitated from room temperature aqueous solutions at low ionic strength as a function of pH. Using the uranium L{sub III} - edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) as a probe of the local structure around the uranium, a trend is observed whereby the axial oxygen bond lengths from the uranyl groups increase from 1.80 {Angstrom} at pH=7 to 1.86 {Angstrom} at pH=11. A concomitant decrease in the equatorial oxygen and nearest-neighbor uranium bond lengths also occurs with increasing pH. Expansion of the linear O=U=O group is seen directly at the L{sub III} absorption edge where multiple scattering resonances systematically shift in energy. EXAFS curve-fitting analysis on these precipitates and a sample of synthetic schoepite indicate that the structure of the species formed at pH=7 is similar to the structure of schoepite. At pH=11, the precipitate structure is similar to that of a uranate.
Intra- and inter-basin mercury comparisons: Importance of basin scale and time-weighted methylmercury estimates

To assess inter-comparability of fluvial mercury (Hg) observations at substantially different scales, Hg concentrations, yields, and bivariate-relations were evaluated at nested-basin locations in the Edisto River, South Carolina and Hudson River, New York. Differences between scales were observed for filtered methylmercury (FMeHg) in the Edisto (attributed to wetland coverage differences) but not in the Hudson. Total mercury (THg) concentrations and bivariate-relationships did not vary substantially with scale in either basin. Combining results of this and a previously published multi-basin study, fish Hg correlated strongly with sampled water FMeHg concentration (ρ = 0.78; p = 0.003) and annual FMeHg basin yield (ρ = 0.66; p = 0.026). Improved correlation (ρ = 0.88; p < 0.0001) was achieved with time-weighted mean annual FMeHg concentrations estimated from basin-specific LOADEST models and daily streamflow. Results suggest reasonable scalability and inter-comparability for different basin sizes if wetland area or related MeHg-source-area metrics are considered.
Medial temporal lobe structure and cognition in individuals with schizophrenia and in their non-psychotic siblings

Medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures play a central role in episodic memory. Prior studies suggest that individuals with schizophrenia have deficits in episodic memory as well as structural abnormalities of the medial temporal lobe (MTL). While correlations have been reported between MTL volume loss and episodic memory deficits in such individuals, it is not clear whether such correlations reflect the influence of the disease state or of underlying genetic influences that might contribute to risk. We used high resolution magnetic resonance imaging and probabilistic algorithms for image analysis to determine whether MTL structure, episodic memory performance and the relationship between the two differed among groups of 47 healthy control subjects, 50 control siblings, 39 schizophrenia subjects, and 33 siblings of schizophrenia subjects. High-dimensional large deformation brain mapping was used to obtain volume measures of the hippocampus. Cortical distance mapping was used to obtain volume and thickness measures of the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) and its substructures: the entorhinal cortex (ERC), the perirhinal cortex (PRC), and the parahippocampal cortex (PHC). Neuropsychological data was used to establish an episodic memory domain score for each subject. Both schizophrenia subjects and their siblings displayed abnormalities in episodic memory performance. Siblings of individuals with schizophrenia, and to a lesser extent, individuals with schizophrenia themselves, displayed abnormalities in measures of MTL structure (volume loss or cortical thinning) as compared to control groups. Further, we observed correlations between structural measures and memory performance in both schizophrenia subjects and their siblings, but not in their respective control groups. These findings suggest that disease-specific genetic factors present in both patients and their relatives may be responsible for correlated abnormalities of MTL structure and memory impairment. The observed attenuated effect of such factors on MTL structure in individuals with schizophrenia may be due to non-genetic influences related to the development and progression of the disease on global brain structure and cognitive processing.
Theory outside the academy: Street smarts and critical theory

(1998). Theory outside the academy: Street smarts and critical theory. Consumption Markets & Culture: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 203-231.
Per-Unit Quantities

This paper discusses the use of per-unit quantities and their relation to dimensional analysis. It has been written at the request of the committee on education, and designed primarily for those interested in education, to serve as a background for discussion of the need which has arisen in the electrical engineering literature to translate new techniques into language readily understandable by students. The use of per-unit quantities in the current machinery literature, although invaluable to the practicing engineer who wishes to obtain as much similarity as possible in calculations of machines and transformers of various ratings, is confusing to the average student, largely because factors which have physical significance are divided out and dimensions which would aid him in recognizing the origin of the different terms in an equation disappear.
Combinatorial Transcriptional Regulation: The Interaction of Transcription Factors and Cell Signaling Molecules with Homeodomain Proteins in Drosophila Development

Patterning and cell fate specification during development require complex interplay among multiple families of transcription factors to establish, maintain, and coordinate transcriptional cascades. During these processes, homeodomain proteins and cell signaling proteins cooperate to generate tissue-and stage-specific responses. This review of physical and genetic interactions in Drosophila melanogaster development highlights the cross-talk among these protein families. Protein-protein association can modulate regulation by both signal transduction-regulated transcription factors and homeodomain proteins, as observed in Drosophila and other organisms. Enhancers or genes regulated by multiple transcription factors provide opportunities for protein-protein binding to modulate transcription factor function. Combinatorial regulation of several enhancers by homeodomain proteins and cell signaling-regulated transcription factors is discussed; detailed maps of the genetic interactions that pattern the embryonic midgut and the larval wing imaginal disc are used to illustrate the multiplicity of potential protein-protein interactions. These interactions potentially provide direct mechanisms for communication between transcription factors as well as for generating the requisite functional specificity.
The role of prostaglandins in the production of erythropoietin (esf) by the kidney. II. effects of indomethacin on erythropoietin production following hypoxia in dogs.

Abstract In order to determine the sequence of events leading to the increase in ESF production following renal hypoxia, the possible role of prostaglandins in the generation of ESF by the kidney was assessed. ESF production following exposure to hypoxia and indomethacin (I) treatment were studied in dogs. Plasma ESF titers were measured in carotid artery blood before the hypoxic stimulus, and after 1, 3 and 5 hours exposure. It was found that plasma ESF levels were significantly elevated in 6 dogs exposed to an hypoxic stimulus while anesthetized with pentobarbital by breathing an atmosphere of reduced oxygen (8% oxygen, 5% carbon dioxide and 87% nitrogen) for 3 and 5 hours. On the other hand, 6 dogs exposed to this hypoxic stimulus and pretreated with indomethacin (5 mg/kg orally 2 x), a drug which inhibits prostaglandins synthesis, did not show a significant increase in plasma ESF levels after exposure to hypoxia as compared to controls. These results indicate that renal prostaglandins play a role in ESF production after an hypoxic stimulus.
TEMPERATURE AND CRITICAL ILLUMINATION FOR REACTION TO FLICKERING LIGHT : IV. ANAX NYMPHS.

At fixed flash frequency (F = 20, F = 55) and with constant light time fraction (50 per cent) in the flash cycle, the critical illumination I for response of Anax nymphs to visual flicker falls continuously as the temperature rises. The temperature characteristic µ for the measure of excitability (1/I) increases continuously with elevation of temperature. The form of the F - log I curve does not change except at quite high temperature (35.8°), and then only slightly (near F = 55); Fmax. is not altered. The very unusual form of the 1/I curve as a function of temperature is quantitatively accounted for if two processes, with respectively µ = 19,200 and µ = 3,400, contribute independently and simultaneously to the control of the speed of the reaction governing the excitability; the velocities of these two processes are equal at 15.9°.
Nicotine and bupropion share a similar discriminative stimulus effect.

Abstract Bupropion is a weakly potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is marketed both as an antidepressant and as an anti-smoking aid. The mechanism(s) by which it produces its effects is not well understood. In the present study, the effect of bupropion was examined in rats trained to discriminate the stimulus effect of 0.60 mg/kg of (−)-nicotine from saline in a two-lever drug discrimination task. In tests of stimulus generalization (substitution), the nicotine (ED 50 =0.17 mg/kg) stimulus completely generalized to bupropion (ED 50 =5.50 mg/kg). In addition, interaction studies were conducted that evaluated the effect of 3.0 mg/kg of bupropion, a dose that when given alone produced saline-appropriate responding, in combination with various doses of nicotine. This application resulted in an enhancement of the potency of nicotine (ED 50 =0.05 mg/kg), as indicated by a leftward shift of the nicotine dose–effect function. In tests of stimulus antagonism, various doses of bupropion were administered prior to the training dose of nicotine and were found to be ineffective as antagonists of the nicotine stimulus. In contrast, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nicotine receptor) antagonist mecamylamine (AD 50 =0.40 mg/kg) completely blocked the stimulus effect of nicotine. Mecamylamine did not attenuate the stimulus generalization of bupropion. The results demonstrated that bupropion can produce a nicotine-like response in nicotine-trained animals, but it does so via a mechanism of action that is unlike that of nicotine. It is speculated that bupropion may be somewhat effective as an anti-smoking treatment in people who are motivated to quit smoking because low doses of bupropion produce a nicotine-like effect(s) that serve as a suitable substitute for nicotine.
Building Surrogate Models for Capability-Based Evaluation: Comparing Morphing and Fixed Geometry Aircraft in a Fleet Context

Recent advances in adaptive structures and advanced compact actuators have renewed interest in variable geometry aircraft that can change shape in flight to obtain better performance during dissimilar flight conditions. These new morphing aircraft may allow for shape changes beyond the current variable sweep and variable camber available in the F-111 or F-14 aircraft. Because of the potential for a wider range of shape changes, significant effort has been put forth to develop strategies for the conceptual sizing of such vehicles, including the “morphing as an independent variable” sizing approach that allows the use of continuous optimization techniques to size the morphing aircraft. Although these previous aircraft sizing studies have predicted advantages for variable geometry in performance and weight by conventional design comparisons, this paper extends the evaluation by investigating the effectiveness of a morphing aircraft design in a fleet of aircraft. A key feature of this work involves creating surrogate models to approximate the capability of an aircraft or a fleet of aircraft as a function of parameters describing the aircraft design mission. These capability surrogate models, coupled with similarlyconstructed cost models, enable the design of a best fleet in which the number of aircraft and the design parameters of the aircraft may be determined simultaneously. The approach here uses some initial simplifications to the approach and relies upon enumerating a number of discrete choices, but it suggests that more formalized approaches could be used for this kind of aircraft fleet design problem. For the morphing aircraft application, comparisons of the best fleet of morphing aircraft offer improvements in capability and cost over the best fleet of fixed-geometry aircraft for an example search-and-find concept of operations.
Simulation based analytics for efficient planning and management in multimodal freight transportation industry

The multimodal freight transportation planning is a complex problem with several factors affecting decisions, including network coverage, carriers and their schedules, existing contractual agreements with carriers and clients, carrier capacity constraints, and market conditions. Day-to-day operations like booking and bidding are mostly done manually and there is a lack of decision support tools to aid the operators. These operations are governed by a complex set of business rules involving service agreements with the clients, contractual agreements with the carriers and forwarder's own business objectives. The multimodal freight transportation industry lacks a comprehensive solution for end-to-end route optimization and planning. We developed analytics for trade lane managers to identify and exploit opportunities to improve procurement, carrier selection, capacity planning, and business rules management. Our simulation based analytics tool is useful for managing business rules and for doing what-if analysis which can lead to better resource planning, cost management, and rate negotiations.
Microsystems for single cell analysis

Single cell analysis has become a topic of great interest in recent years. Any population of cells is heterogeneous. Whereas most traditional cell analysis can capture only average responses from a population of cells, single cell analysis allows measuring and analyzing this heterogeneity and enables identifying and studying various sub-populations. Microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip technologies are ideally suited for such analysis due to their unique capabilities in manipulating and analyzing micrometer-scale objects and accurately controlling their microenvironments. Two such examples of microfluidic devices for single cell analysis are presented here.
The peak sidelobe distribution for binary codes

Low aperiodic-autocorrelation peak sidelobe levels (PSLs) relate to enhanced range resolution for binary-phase-coded radar and communication waveforms. Typical methods to identify the minimum-attainable PSL for a given code length N require exhaustive calculations whose computational burden grows exponentially with N. In this project, exact PSL histograms were determined for computationally practical lengths. These histograms may lead to ways to estimate PSL distributions for computationally impractical lengths. Plots of the lower four moments for N between 1 and 45 showed that the moments can be approximated closely by aNk. Histograms for N = 45 were compared to a binomially-distributed PSL PDF model based on statistically independent sidelobes. The independent-sidelobe model agreed closely with truth for middle-to high-PSL values, and only varied significantly from truth for PSLs one or two units away from the lowest achievable PSL. Future work will examine ways to develop the PDF from the moments accurately enough to estimate minimum PSL for a given N, and ways to account for sidelobe dependence in the probabilistic model.
Tcl1 as a model for lymphomagenesis

Mature leukemias and lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative neoplasias characterized by the accumulation of mature lymphocytes in lymph nodes, other lymphoid tissues, and peripheral blood. In this article we discuss molecular mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis of two major types of mature leukemias and lymphomas: mature T-cell leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Formalize UML 2 Sequence Diagrams

UML 2 sequence diagram introduced many new structured control constructs, such as Combined Fragments, to express concurrent message exchanges. These new features makes it more expressive than it in UML 1, however, the lack of formal semantics descriptions makes it difficult for software practitioners and tool builders to construct and analyze sequence diagrams. In this paper, we adapt our previously developed template semantics to formalize the structured control constructs of sequence diagrams.
Evolutionary relationships of primary prokaryotic endosymbionts of whiteflies and their hosts.

Whiteflies (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae) are plant sap-sucking insects that harbor prokaryotic primary endosymbionts (P-endosymbionts) within specialized cells located in their body cavity. Four-kilobase DNA fragments containing 16S-23S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were amplified from the P-endosymbiont of 24 whiteflies from 22 different species of 2 whitefly subfamilies. In addition, 3-kb DNA fragments containing mitochondrial cytB, nd1, and large-subunit rDNA (LrDNA) were amplified from 17 whitefly species. Comparisons of the P-endosymbiont (16S-23S rDNA) and host (cytB-nd1-LrDNA) phylogenetic trees indicated overall congruence consistent with a single infection of a whitefly ancestor with a bacterium and subsequent cospeciation (cocladogenesis) of the host and the P-endosymbiont. On the basis of both the P-endosymbiont and host trees, the whiteflies could be subdivided into at least five clusters. The major subdivision was between the subfamilies Aleyrodinae and Aleurodicinae. Unlike the P-endosymbionts of may other insects, the P-endosymbionts of whiteflies were related to Pseudomonas and possibly to the P-endosymbionts of psyllids. The lineage consisting of the P-endosymbionts of whiteflies is given the designation “Candidatus Portiera” gen. nov., with a single species, “Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum” sp. nov.
Oral Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Protected Environment Units: Effect of Nonabsorbable and Absorbable Antibiotics on the Fecal Flora

Eight patients in protected environment units received by the oral route a solution of gentamicin and vancomycin which completely suppressed all 78 strains of bacteria originally present in their stools. However, when the solution was discontinued bacteria were cultured again from the stools of every patient. Twenty-nine of the 42 strains cultured at this time were also cultured from pretreatment specimens. Oral absorbable antibiotics were given to six of these patients, but they eliminated only 10 of the 32 strains cultured from their stools. Seven of the 16 strains which persisted became resistant to the oral absorbable antibiotic. To achieve maximum effect, oral nonabsorbable antibiotic regimens must be continued as long as the patient remains in a protected environment unit.
Molecular characterization of Penicillium chrysogenum virus: reconsideration of the taxonomy of the genus Chrysovirus

Molecular cloning and complete nucleotide sequencing of Penicillium chrysogenum virus (PcV) dsRNAs indicated that PcV virions contained four dsRNA segments with sizes of 3562, 3200, 2976 and 2902 bp. Each dsRNA segment had unique sequences and contained a single large open reading frame (ORF). In vitro translation of transcripts derived from full-length cDNA clones of PcV dsRNAs yielded single products of sizes similar to those predicted from the deduced amino acid sequences of the individual ORFs. Sequence similarity searches revealed that dsRNA1 encodes a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. In this study, it was determined that dsRNA2 encodes the major capsid protein and that p4, encoded by dsRNA4, is virion-associated as a minor component. All four dsRNAs of PcV, like the genomic segments of viruses with multipartite genomes, were found to have extended regions of highly conserved terminal sequences at both ends. In addition to the strictly conserved 5′-terminal 10 nt, a second region consisting of reiteration of the sequence CAA was found immediately upstream of the AUG initiator codon. These (CAA) n repeats are reminiscent of the translational enhancer elements of tobamoviruses. The 3′-terminal 14 nt were also strictly conserved. As PcV and related viruses with four dsRNA segments (genus Chrysovirus) have not been previously characterized at the molecular level, they were provisionally classified in the family Partitiviridae, comprising viruses with bipartite genomes. This study represents the first report on molecular characterization of a chrysovirus and the results suggest the creation of a new family of mycoviruses with multipartite dsRNA genomes to accommodate PcV and related viruses.
Conformation of citrus pectin using small amplitude oscillatory rheometry

Conformation of citrus pectin [uronide 93%, degree of esterification, 61.5%] solution was studied and experimental reduced storage [G′]R and loss moduli [G″]R were compared with random coil theories of Rouse and Zimm and the rodlike theory of Marvin and McKinney. The theory of Zimm best approximated experimental data. This suggested that components of the pectin molecule internally interact to form a compact random coil with conformation controlled by hydrodynamic interactions.
A Framework for Understanding Ethical Supply Chain Decision Making

The purpose of this article is to review the domain of ethical decision making in supply chain management for the purpose of suggesting how further research in this area may be developed. We examine the evolving nature of supply chain management and current efforts to include ethical decision making in supply chain management decision making. We show that, while there is growing concern with ethics, corporate social responsibility, and sustainability, the current state of the field is fragmented with the majority of articles reviewed focusing on specific issues rather than a more holistic approach. We then review ethical decision making models from Ferrell and Gresham (1985) and Hunt and Vitell (1986) widely used in analyzing marketing ethics and use these models to suggest a framework for ethical decision making in supply chain management.
Results on non-uniform error correction using low-density parity-check codes

We propose a technique for designing low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes over non-uniform channels. In particular, we investigate LDPC codes for volume holographic memory (VHM) systems. We show that the proposed coding scheme for holographic memories has an easy design procedure and results in efficient codes. An important property of the proposed technique is that we can design simple codes whose performance is close to the Shannon limit, while they are very good in terms of the error floor effect. We also derive a capacity bound and the stability condition for the proposed codes over the binary erasure channel. We briefly discuss other applications like punctured codes, OFDM systems and multilevel coding.
Analyzing Offense Patterns as a Function of Mental Illness to Test the Criminalization Hypothesis

Objective: Programs for offenders with mental illness seem to be based on a hypothesis that untreated symptoms are the main source of criminal behavior and that linkage with psychiatric services is the solution. This study tested this criminalization hypothesis, which implies that these individuals have unique patterns of offending. Methods: Participants were 220 parolees; 111 had a serious mental illness, and 109 did not. Interview data and records were used to reliably classify offenders into one of five groups, based on their lifetime pattern of offending: psychotic, disadvantaged, reactive, instrumental, or gang- or drug-related affiliation. The distributions of those with and without serious mental illness were compared. Results: A small but important minority of offenders with a mental illness (7%, N=8) fit the criminalization hypothesis, in that their criminal behavior was a direct result of psychosis (5%, N=6) or comprised minor “survival” crimes related to poverty (2%, N=2). However, the reactive group contained virtually all offenders with a mental illness (90%, N=100) and the vast majority of offenders without a mental illness (68%, N=74), suggesting that criminal behavior for both groups chiefly was driven by hostility, disinhibition, and emotional reactivity. For most offenders with a mental illness in the reactive group, crime was also driven by substance dependence. Conclusions: Offenders with serious mental illness manifested heterogeneous patterns of offending that may stem from a variety of sources. Although psychiatric service linkage may reduce recidivism for a visible minority, treatment that targets impulsivity and other common criminogenic needs may be needed to prevent recidivism for the larger group. (Psychiatric Services 61:1217–1222, 2010)
Hidden Dangers: A Cryptic Exon Disrupts BRCA2 mRNA

The first mutation that disrupts BRCA2 mRNA by including a novel, cryptic exon is reported in this issue. The mutation lies deep within an intron and would not have been detected by conventional screening methods. In the future, more mutations may be discovered by direct mRNA analysis.
In vivo methylation patterns of the leptin promoter in human and mouse.

Leptin is a fat hormone regulating energy homeostasis. Here, it is reported that the promoter and CpG island of the autosomal gene Leptin (LEP) is a tissue-specific differentially methylated region (T-DMR) and subject to dynamic methylation in human and mouse in vivo. Highly variable densities of cytosine methylation were detected by hairpin-bisulfite PCR among cells in human adipose tissue and peripheral blood leukocytes. Intermediate and low levels of methylation characterize the majority of human LEP epialleles. Low-density epialleles are often methylated at a specific CG site within the binding element of the C/EBP-alpha transcription factor. In the human LEP promoter, the methylation frequency at that site is 1.8-fold as great as the average frequency for all other CG sites analyzed. The Lep promoter has a significantly higher methylation density in mouse somatic tissues than in the human LEP promoter. Though the LEP CpG island is generally unmethylated in both human and mouse sperm, depletion of CG ...
Terahertz/optical mixing in symmetric semiconductor quantum wells embedded in optical microcavities

A quantum well (QW) in the simultaneous presence of a terahertz field polarized in the growth direction and an incident optical field near an excitonic resonance results in substantial frequency mixing between the terahertz and optical fields. In particular, a response at new frequencies given by the input optical frequency plus or minus multiples of the terahertz frequency occurs-the terahertz sidebands. In a symmetric QW, the dominant contribution to terahertz-sideband formation is the high-frequency modulation of the overlap integral of the relevant conduction- and valence-subband envelope functions that determine the strength of the interband dipole moment. terahertz-sideband generation is shown to be strongly enhanced in a high quality-factor optical microcavity. Numerical values of the reflected intensity into the first terahertz sideband normalized with respect to the reflected intensity at the fundamental as large as /spl sim/10% are estimated. This suggests that terahertz-sideband generation in semiconductor microcavities is a promising option worthy of exploration for wavelength conversion for wavelength-division multiplexing applications.
The Substance-Related Etiology of Teen Dating Violence Victimization: Does Gender Matter?

The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in the substance-related etiology of teen dating violence using a high-risk sample of urban youth. Data were obtained from 2,991 students in grade 12 who participated in Project Northland Chicago, a group-randomized alcohol prevention intervention implemented in Chicago schools. Typologies of dating violence and physical aggression were created, and hierarchical multinomial regression procedures were used to examine risk and protective factors for membership in each group. The results suggested that there were no quantifiable gender differences in dating violence victimization; however, there were substantial differences in aggression and in the reporting of both dating violence victimization and physical aggression. Furthermore, substance use (alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana) was identified as a robust risk factor for each of the typologies for women. Among men, marijuana use was associated with only the most at-risk group (e.g., the victim-offe...
Optimum Detection Probability with Partially Controlled Random Deployment of Wireless Sensors with Mobile Base Stations

In this paper we analyze the problem of covering widely expanded field with wireless sensors where many of the known deployment and data aggregation methods become impractical. We deploy the wireless sensors in a partially controlled manner such that they are randomly placed on the lines of grid and mobile base stations like UAVs could be used to collect the data from the wireless sensors. Our objective is to maximize the detection probability of an event without overly deploying the sensors on the field. We have defined the detection probability to be the product of probability of an event been sensed and that data being collected by an UAV. Under this model, we analytically obtain a relationship between the grid spacing and a number of available UAVs which can maximize detection probability when two collaborative and independent strategies for UAVs and obtain some useful relationship in guiding design specification.
A process to reduce the occurrence of metal extrusions in al interconnects

Extrusions are a well-known phenomenon in Al interconnect stacks. We review experimental approaches to mitigate extrusions including depositing a low temperature oxide (LTO) on the film stack, modulation of the metal anneal conditions, and moving the anneal step from post-metal etch to post-metal deposition. After evaluation of the three potential solutions we determined that the movement of the anneal step from post-metal etch to post-metal deposition is the most manufacturable process.
Outcome of end-stage renal disease in patients with rare causes of renal failure. II. Renal or systemic neoplasms.

We describe a large experience with patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) whose primary cause was considered multiple myeloma, renal cell carcinoma and amyloidosis. Data were obtained by a collaboration of the majority of the ESRD Networks of the United States. The data presented reflect recent practice in the United States. Even though it is likely that some selection bias plays an important role, the demographic characteristics, choice of early treatment and overall survival data provide some assistance to physicians when advising their patients with these rare conditions. More detailed analyses are needed to assess the outcome by choice of treatment as well as tbe age- and treatment-adjusted survival for these diagnoses.
Evidence supporting the temporal lobe epilepsy personality syndrome

A deepening of emotionality with a serious, highly ethical, and spiritual demeanor has been described by clinicians as a positive personality change among patients with chronic mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Some of these patients tend to be particularly orderly and detailed in their speech and actions (viscosity) and often experience a relative decrease in sexual interest and arousal. These personality changes, distinct from personality changes noted in any other individuals, are subtle in the majority of patients with chronic epilepsy. Patients with the described personality changes may also develop intermittent symptoms of an interictal dysphoric disorder, with episodes of irritable moods that contrast with a predominantly good-natured attitude and for which the patients will be remorseful. The Bear-Fedio Inventory needs to be further modified before it can serve as an adequate instrument for assessing the prevailing personality changes and the intermittent dysphoric symptoms.
An Intentional Conversation About Conflict Resolution in Health Care

On November 8-10, 2007, the Dispute Resolution and Health Law Institutes at Hamline University School of Law hosted “An Intentional Conversation About Conflict Resolution in Health Care,” the fifth biennial Hamline Symposium on Advanced Issues in Dispute Resolution. The symposium series brings together scholars and professionals to engage in purposeful conversation around critical issues in the field of conflict studies and dispute resolution. No papers are presented and, although certain individuals are given responsibility as theme leaders to frame, open up, and promote the dialogue, the active participation of all attendees is encouraged by the use of intimate in-the-round seating. This introductory article in the 2007 symposium proceedings summarizes key themes about dispute resolution in health care and previews a compilation of 13 essays examining how health care decisions are influenced by different and competing value systems: an increasingly diverse and aging population of patients; a growing universe of traditional and non-traditional health care providers; the ever-expanding role of third-party payors; suppliers promoting rapidly changing technologies and marketing directly to patients; policy-makers who promote increasingly divided ideologies and regulators caught in the middle. The result is an overwhelmingly complex set of challenges that provoke conflict at all levels.