cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selective external surface functionalization of large-pore silica materials capable of protein loading

Abstract Differentiating the chemical properties of the external and pore surfaces of sol-gel derived mesoporous materials by selective functionalization is important to advancing their application as platforms for biological catalysis, sensing and drug delivery. Prior selective functionalization approaches to concentrating functional groups at the external surface of particles have been limited to small pores (≤5.5 nm diameter) incapable of loading large biological molecules. This work investigates the selective exterior surface functionalization by amines of larger-pored (>7 nm diameter) mesoporous silica particles, which are synthesized by dual surfactant templating and hydrothermal aging. Previously developed selective functionalization techniques rely on choice of functionalization precursor, functionalization reaction time, or pore blocking (by leaving pore templates in as-synthesized materials). The effectiveness of these strategies are compared for larger-pored materials using the precursors (3-aminopropyl)tris(methoxyethoxyethoxy)silane (APTMEES) and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES). The extent of amine functionalization is determined as a function of precursor reaction time (10 or 20 min) in both as-synthesized and template-extracted materials by confocal laser scanning microscopy of the ∼10 μm diameter particles tagged with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Reaction time, regardless of pore template presence, is demonstrated to be the controlling variable for achieving selective exterior functionalization in these larger pored mesoporous materials. Under the conditions used, 10 min of functionalization with APTMEES localizes amine groups at the exterior of the particles, while 20 min functionalizes both the exterior and the interior pore surfaces. Protein accessibility within pores, before and after selective and full functionalization, is visually confirmed by confocal fluorescence imaging of Rhodamine B tagged lysozyme loaded particles.
Acute Ischemic Stroke in Children Vs Young Adults

Clinical characteristics, stroke etiology, and outcome (modified Rankin scale [0-6] score at 3-6 months) in children (1 month-16 years) and young adults (16-45 years) with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) were compared in a multicenter study at University of Bern and other centers in Switzerland.
Atomic-Level Structure Characterization of Biomass Pre- and Post-Lignin Treatment by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization-Enhanced Solid-State NMR.

Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising sustainable feedstock for the production of biofuels, biomaterials, and biospecialty chemicals. However, efficient utilization of biomass has been limited by our poor understanding of its molecular structure. Here, we report a dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced solid-state (SS)NMR study of the molecular structure of biomass, both pre- and postcatalytic treatment. This technique enables the measurement of 2D homonuclear 13C–13C correlation SSNMR spectra under natural abundance, yielding, for the first time, an atomic-level picture of the structure of raw and catalytically treated biomass samples. We foresee that further such experiments could be used to determine structure–function relationships and facilitate the development of more efficient, and chemically targeted, biomass-conversion technologies.
Non-ideal theory and the application of cautionary precepts

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses non-ideal theory as guidance for making bad situations better by morally permissible means. It distinguishes constructive theorizing, which suggests ways of improving specific kinds of bad situation, from cautionary theory, which concerns moral risks of actions under bad conditions. Reflective moral judgment yields cautionary precepts, identifying presumptively unjustifiable modes of action. The paper illustrates the application of precepts cautioning about coercion and the exposure of others to significant risks, by considering the 1955–1956 bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama, and the ‘Children’s Crusade’ of the 1963 Birmingham desegregation campaign. All such campaigns involve coercive elements, but the paper argues that coercion was not a morally significant factor in either case. Endangerment is another matter: given the violent, sometimes lethal, reactions to civil rights actions under Jim Crow, those two campaigns’ endangerment of innocent persons must be taken very seri...
Abstract 161: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-based Model of Cardiac Arrhythmia: New Platform for Drug Screen

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based model of cardiac diseases has been proved to be useful and valuable for identifying new therapeutics. However, the use of human iPSC-based model of cardiac diseases for drug screen is hampered by the high-cost and complexity of methods used for reprogramming, in vitro differentiation, and phenotyping. To address the limitations, we first optimized a protocol for reprogramming of human fibroblasts and keratinocytes into pluripotency using single lipofection and the episomal vectors in a 24-well plate format. This method allowed us to generate multiple lines of integration-free and feeder-free iPSCs from seven patients with cardiac diseases and three controls. Second, we differentiated human iPSCs derived from Timothy syndrome patients into cardiomyocytes using a monolayer differentiation method. We found that Timothy syndrome cardiomyocytes showed slower, irregular contractions and abnormal calcium handling compared to controls, which were consistent with previous reports using a retroviral method for reprogramming and using an embryoid body-based method for cardiac differentiation. Third, we developed an efficient approach for recording action potentials and calcium transients simultaneously in control and patient cardiomyocytes using genetically encoded fluorescent indicators, ArcLight and R-GECO1. The dual optical recordings enabled us to observe prolonged action potentials and abnormal calcium handling in Timothy syndrome cardiomyocytes. We confirmed that roscovitine rescued the phenotypes in Timothy syndrome cardiomyocytes and these findings were consistent with previous studies using conventional electrophysiological recordings and calcium imaging with dyes. The approaches using our optimized methods and dual optical recordings will improve iPSC applicability for disease modeling to test potential therapeutics. With those new approaches in hand, next we plan to use the iPSC-based model of Timothy syndrome to investigate novel molecules involved in the pathogenesis of Timothy syndrome and to screen and identify new therapeutic compounds for Timothy syndrome patients.
E-Mail Use Patterns in the United States

This study analyzes data to determine who uses e-mail more in the United States through bivariate correlation and multiple linear regression. The results show that demographic variables such as age and region, socio-economic status variables such as education and household income, and the variable of having enough time to get the job done, play significant roles in predicting the patterns of e-mail use. Those with higher levels of education, or household income, or with enough time to get the job done, or who live in the South, are more likely to use e-mail for more hours each week. The older the respondents are, the less likely they are to use e-mail. Gender, race, and marital status make no difference. Few studies have explored the patterns of e-mail in terms of specific hours of e-mail use. These findings will help librarians and e-mail providers to offer better tools and services.
Medication Regimens for Managing Stable Asthma

Guideline-based management of asthma was developed as a means of standardizing asthma therapies and of improving outcomes. The National Asthma Education and Prevention Program and the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines provide recommendations to care providers about the routine management of asthma. There has been rapid development of new therapies for asthma, specifically with the advent of new drug delivery devices and biologic therapies for severe asthma. We are increasingly recognizing that asthma is a heterogenous disease with a diverse underlying pathophysiology, and therefore, it is imperative for care providers to begin to understand asthma phenotypes and endotypes, and the implications of these classifications on management, especially of severe refractory asthma. This article serves as a review of guideline-based therapy for asthma and includes updates on alternative therapies, new approaches that use previously recognized therapies, and special populations with asthma.
Choosing the tools

In order to answer new questions, or to develop new techniques, it is necessary to both understand and appreciate the tools that scientists have for exploring nature. Let us begin this chapter with a few general observations on the use of tools. Anycraftsperson needs to begin his or her craft with a clear understanding of the uses and abuses of each tool. It is, however, possible to continue using an unnecessary tool simply because it is easier to do so than to learn how to use a new (and different) one. New tools can be invented once the old ones have been mastered. New tools are usually invented to solve new problems. Finally, tools do not solve problems or build things by themselves: they are guided by a blueprint. No amount of skill with tools can compensate for a sloppy or incorrect blueprint.
Performing digital: multiple perspectives on a living archive

Through the lens of a single digital humanities project, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University (RMIT) Professors David Carlin and Laurene Vaughan assemble diverse disciplinary perspect...
Saliva as a source of reagent to study human susceptibility to avian influenza H7N9 virus infection

Avian influenza H7N9 viruses are an important public health concern due to their high mortality rate and potentials for future pandemics. We investigated human susceptibility to H7N9 viruses using recombinant H7N9 hemagglutinin (HA) proteins as a probe and found a strong association between H7N9 infections and HA binding among saliva samples from 32 patients and 60 uninfected controls in Jiangsu province, China, during the 2016 epidemic season. We also found that sialyl Lex (SLex) antigen that was recognized by H7N9 HA was associated with H7N9 virus infection. Further analysis suggested that additional saccharide residues adjacent to the SLex moiety may affect the H7N9-binding specificity. Our data suggested that saliva may be a useful reagent to study human susceptibility to avian influenza H7N9 virus, which may impact the disease control and prevention of avian influenza viruses as important human pathogens.
Adaptive full newton-step infeasible interior-point method for sufficient horizontal LCP

An adaptive full Newton-step infeasible-interior-point method for solving sufficient horizontal linear complementarity problems is analysed and sufficient conditions are given for the superlinear c...
Purification and characterization of two allozymic forms of octopine dehydrogenase from California populations ofMetridium senile

In northern and southern California populations of the plumose sea anemone,Metridium senile, octopine dehydrogenase occurs in two allozymic forms and these forms are distributed in a highly population-specific manner; the frequency of the slow allele (ODH 100) is 0.875 in the northern (Bodega Bay) population while the frequency of the fast allele (ODH 103) in the southern population (Santa Barbara) is 0.125. Purification techniques resulted in an increase in purity of approximately 400 fold. The enzyme is a monomer ofM r 35,000 to 40,000. Though there is some flexibility in the amino acid substrate which the enzyme uses (arginine and lysine react similarly), the specificity for the keto acid is limited to pyruvate.
The Power of Visual Images When Recruiting Future Accountants

Though accounting is a high-paid profession, with above average growth, African-Americans constitute only 1% of CPAs at U.S. CPA firms (AICPA, 2017). Consequently, the impact of recruiting materials in attracting minorities to the profession is of great importance. This study examines African-American college freshman responses to accounting career recruiting materials on the professional association’s website in 2017. Results indicate that students observed a lack of racial diversity and a dissonance in the use of children as icons for the profession. They concluded that the visual images conveyed the strong message that accounting is not a career for African-Americans.
Survival Analysis of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) Patients with Abnormal Karyotype - A Single Group Experience

Abstract Abstract 4952 Introduction: MDS are a heterogeneous group of hematologic disorders associated with clonal evolution of abnormal erythroid, myeloid and megakaryocytic lineages. Risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is determined by IPSS score. Common chromosomal aberrations include abnormalities of 5, 7, 8, 20 and Y. The present survival analysis is unique in that only one team of experts was involved in diagnosis and management of these patients over more than two decades. Material and Methods: Data of patients with abnormal karyotype either at first presentation or during the course of MDS was collected retroactively. FAB, IPSS and WHO classification were used. Dates of death were retrieved from social security death index. Statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS version 18. Results: Of 709 patients with abnormal karyotypes, 292(41%) were classified as RA (or refractory cytopenias), 80 (11%) RARS, 253(36%) RAEB, 45(6%) CMMoL and 34(5%) RAEB-t and 5 (1%) were unclassified. There were 271 (37%) females and 438 (63%) males with a median age of 67 yrs and 68 yrs respectively. The most frequent abnormalities affected chromosome 5 (279 or 40%); del5q/-5 with other changes was seen in 233 (83. 5 %) and isolated del5q/-5 in 79 (28. 3%). Chromosome 7 abnormalities were found in 181 (25. 5%) patients with 38 (21%) having isolated del7q/-7. Chromosomal 8 abnormality was seen in 174 (24. 5%) patients and 71 (41%) had isolated trisomy 8. Other frequently involved chromosomes were 20 and Y affecting 158 (22. 3%) and 55 (7. 8%) patients respectively. Complex karyotype with 3 or more chromosomal aberrations was seen in 201 (28. 3%) patients. Data on 700 patients was available for analysis when all chromosomal aberrations were considered according to various IPSS risk categories. The median survival was 73 months for low risk (74 patients), 33. 7 months for int-1 (303 patients), 13 months for int-2 (227 patients) and 11. 5 months for high risk (96 patients) (p=0. 000) groups. By cytogenetic abnormalities, the best median survival of 82 months (39/229) was seen in patients with del5q/-5 and low risk disease. Other risk groups with de5q/-5 showed 32, 11 and 9 months in int-1, int-2 and high risk disease respectively (p= Conclusion: Deletion 5q patients show the best median survival among low and int-1 risk groups. Our data show considerable improvement in median survival of high risk patients compared to the earlier reported survival (11. 5 versus 4 months) which probably reflects improvement due to the use of hypomethylating agents. This improvement in survival gains more significance when considering the fact that we have used the data of only those patients with chromosomal aberrations. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Use of Lean Six Sigma to Improve Access to Care in a Surgical Subspecialty Clinic.

INTRODUCTION At the Naval Medical Center San Diego urology clinic, patients reported waiting for greater than 1 month for an initial consult. A Lean Six Sigma approach was used to improve access to care (ATC) and decrease variation in access by improving scheduling. METHODS A Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control approach was used. Delay to new patient visits was identified as the focus of intervention. The scheduling template was changed from a fixed stream to a modified wave based on simulation software analysis of appointment cycle times. Appointment length was adjusted based on cycle time analysis, and two rooms per clinician were used instead of one. The ratio of initial consults relative to established follow-ups and procedures was adjusted upward to better balance with the historic demand. RESULTS Statistically significant improvement was seen in ATC and compliance with the Defense Health Agency (DHA) standard that new consults be seen within 28 days. Average days for a new consult to be seen were reduced by 7.2 days in the pediatric urology clinic (P < 0.0001) and 6.4 days in the adult urology clinic (P < 0.0001). Compliance with the Defense Health Agency 28-day ATC standard increased from a baseline of 69.2% to 88.9% and 61.7% to 84.4%, respectively, in the pediatric and adult clinics (P < 0.001 for both). Patient satisfaction was maintained at or above the goal threshold throughout the project. CONCLUSIONS An Lean Six Sigma model was used to improve timeliness of care for our patients, improving the overall quality of their healthcare experience. Simulation software can be used to model the clinic throughput and test alternative scheduling templates. ATC was significantly improved and patient satisfaction was maintained at or above goal thresholds.
Optimal Coil Design for Wireless Powering of Biomedical Implants Considering Safety Constraints

This paper presents an investigation on the design of a transmit coil for a wireless power transfer system. The transmitter is optimized subject to an imposed safety limit for magnetic field exposure. Three cases are considered as follows: unconstrained, geometrically constrained and current constrained. Equations for determining design parameters for an optimal solenoid wireless power transmitter are found given either system size or current constraints. If a certain magnetic field strength is required, equations for the size and current of the transmitter are found that will allow the necessary fields without violating the safety constraint.
Plasma Heating During a Coronal Mass Ejection Observed By the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory

We perform a time-dependent ionization analysis to constrain plasma heating requirements during a fast partial halo coronal mass ejection (CME) observed on 2000 June 28 by the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). We use two methods to derive densities from the UVCS measurements, including a density sensitive O V line ratio at 1213.85 and 1218.35 A, and radiative pumping of the O VI λλ1032, 1038 doublet by chromospheric emission lines. The most strongly constrained feature shows cumulative plasma heating comparable to or greater than the kinetic energy, while features observed earlier during the event show plasma heating of order or less than the kinetic energy. SOHO Michelson Doppler Imager observations are used to estimate the active region magnetic energy. We consider candidate plasma heating mechanisms and provide constraints when possible. Because this CME was associated with a relatively weak flare, the contribution from flare energy (e.g., through thermal conduction or energetic particles) is probably small; however, the flare may have been partially behind the limb. Wave heating by photospheric motions requires heating rates to be significantly larger than those previously inferred for coronal holes, but the eruption itself could drive waves that heat the plasma. Heating by small-scale reconnection in the flux rope or by the CME current sheet is not significantly constrained. UVCS line widths suggest that turbulence must be replenished continually and dissipated on timescales shorter than the propagation time in order to be an intermediate step in CME heating.
Modeling and Statistical Characterization of Electromagnetic Coupling to Electronic Devices

The electromagnetic susceptibility of electronic devices varies substantially from one device to another. The objective of the following study is to better understand the statistical variation in coupling to printed circuit boards (PCBs) and their attached cables, and thus their susceptibility. Models are being developed to estimate coupling to wiring harnesses and PCB traces. The voltage coupled depends on the frequency, angle of arrival, and polarization of the incident wave, as well as the characteristics of the receiving structure. The statistical characteristics of the coupled voltage with variations in the arrival angle, polarization and typical variations in the receiving structure (e.g. length of wiring harness, size of connector, board size, trace location, etc.) are being found through simulations. These variations in coupling were used to predict the frequency content of the incident wave that is most likely to cause an over voltage or current within the studied parameter space. Existing models explore differential mode coupling to traces and common-mode coupling to harnesses. Differential mode models of the harness and connectors are under development. These and the previous modeling blocks ultimately create a “toolbox” with which estimate the statistical variation in coupling to a variety of devices.
85 Utilizing cover crops in an equine grazing system

Cover crops are commonly used to provide soil cover and can extend the grazing season, but have not been explored in horse pastures. The objectives of this research were to evaluate yield, forage nutritive value, and horse preference of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), winter rye (Secale cereale L.), berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), purple top turnip (Brassica rapa ssp. rapa L.), and daikon radish (Raphanus sativus ssp. longipinnatus L.) under horse grazing in the fall. We hypothesized that grasses and clover would be more suitable cover crops for horse pastures compared with turnip and radish. Cover crops were seeded in monoculture and mixtures in August 2018 and 2019 as a randomized complete block with 4 replicates and grazed by 4 adult horses. Horses grazed 2 replicates per day for 4 h. Grazing occurred in October 2018 and in both September and October 2019. Before grazing, forages were sampled and weighed to determine herbage and root yield and nutritive value was evaluated using wet chemistry. After grazing, forages were visually assessed for preference based on percentage of removal on a scale of 0 to 100%. Data were analyzed using an ANOVA and linear regression; significance was set at P 2.17 Mcal kg−1) and crude protein (>19%) requirements for adult horses at maintenance. Berseem clover was most preferred (>73% removal) while turnip and radish were the least preferred (
Association between COVID-19-related loneliness or worry and symptoms of anxiety and depression among first-year college students.

Objective To examine the relationship between COVID-19-related distress and mental health among first-year college students. Participants Data for this longitudinal study (n = 727) were collected before the school year (August 2019), end of fall semester (December 2019), and soon after the university suspended in-person instruction (April 2020). Methods We used multivariable log-linear and logistic regressions to examine continuous and dichotomous outcomes on the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale. Results The most consistent predictor of during-pandemic mental health was feeling extremely isolated (versus not at all), which was associated with increased symptom severity of depression (proportional change[95% CI] = 2.43[1.87, 3.15]) and anxiety (2.02[1.50, 2.73]) and greater odds of new moderate depression (OR[95% CI] = 14.83[3.00, 73.41]) and anxiety (24.74[2.91, 210.00]). Greater COVID-19-related concern was also related to increased mental health symptoms. Conclusions Results highlight the need for mental health services during crises that lead to social isolation.
Inhalant Use Disorders

This chapter focuses on the topic of Inhalant Use Disorder and two corresponding cases. Included in the chapter are the diagnostic criteria for this particular use disorder, epidemiology of inhalant use, subtypes of inhalants used, as well as acute, chronic, and psychosocial impacts of use. Volatile solvents, aerosols, gases, and nitrites are the large classes of inhalants that are used for their psychoactive properties (National Institute on Drug Abuse. What are the other medical consequences of inhalant abuse? National Institute on Drug Abuse; 2020. https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/inhalants/what-are-other-medical-consequences-inhalant-abuse). Detrimental effects of use are intoxication, but also asphyxiation, seizure, coma, and fatal injury. As a result of the diverse nature of this disorder it has been difficult to study; in particular, much of what is known about the precise physiologic effects has been established through studies of occupational exposure to toluene and other chemical vapors (Howard MO, Bowen SE, Garland EL, Perron BE, Vaughn MG. Inhalant use and inhalant use disorders in the United States. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice; 2011. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188822/). Though unideal, this model has been useful. Inhalant substances confer physiologic impacts throughout the body; no system avoids insult. The chronicity of detrimental impact of use is variable and unpredictable, and results of use are largely based on duration and repetition of use. Treatment of inhalant use disorder centers around primary prevention strategies, education initiatives, and psychosocial interventions; pharmacologic intervention options are limited.
Characterization of organic matter in the thermal hydrolysis pretreated anaerobic digestion return liquor

Abstract Disposal and treatment of the return liquor produced by the dewatering of the thermal hydrolysis pretreated anaerobic digestion biosolids is a major concern for treatment plants because the presence of UV quenching substances in the return liquor might interfere with UV disinfection. Also, with the lowering of effluent nitrogen standards in some locations, development of treatment techniques for nitrogen-containing organics in the return liquor is required. In this study, the molecular weight (MW) and chemical nature based fractions were characterized by their total organic carbon, UV absorbance, organic nitrogen and protein content. The humic acids and the hydrophilic fraction were found to be the major contributors to the organic matter and organic nitrogen in the return liquor, whereas the humic substances (humic and fulvic acids) were found to be mainly responsible for the UV254 quenching. Humic substances were observed to be the larger molecular weight (mainly >1 kDa) fractions and could not be efficiently removed by aerobic biological treatment.
Integration and innovation in the nanoelectronics era

Demand for electronics continues to grow as new products combine and enhance computing, communications, and digital capabilities. Hardware and software are evolving to enable new applications and usage modes, by offering features such as multitasking, parallel processing, mobility and wireless connectivity. Integration at both component and product platform levels, and efficient use of power, will become more important. These call for holistic solutions involving systems, circuits, processes, devices, and packaging. Many techniques to improve power efficiency have been developed and more will emerge. Silicon technology and scaling remain keys to progress, with transistors and circuit elements already at nanoscale dimensions. Innovation will accelerate as nanotechnology further renews and extends silicon technology. Skillful integration of new materials, processes, and device structures will be essential. Successful nanoelectronics companies will excel in innovation and integration, extend Moore's law into and beyond the next decade, and drive the development of future growth opportunities.
"Oh no, not again": representability and a repetitive remark

Abstract (E): In their most repetitive moments, literature and film can help us respond to common critical assumptions about the temporality of trauma. Rather than posit trauma's latency, anteriority, or unrepresentability, I raise questions about its obviousness, interchangeability, and cliche. Moving past trauma theory, and into general questions about repetition and representation, I therefore turn to a phrase that has often been repeated in texts across a range of forms and genres: "Oh no, not again!" Abstract (F): Lorsqu’ils se font intensement repetitifs, cinema et litterature peuvent nous aider a revoir certaines hypotheses sur la temporalite du trauma. Plutot que de revenir une fois de plus sur la latence, l’anteriorite ou la non-representabilite du trauma, je voudrais me pencher plutot sur son caractere evident, interchangeable, stereotype. Afin de depasser les theories existantes et poser de nouvelles questions sur les phenomenes de repetition et de representation traumatiques, je voudrais pour cela examiner ici plus en detail une phrase qu’on n’a cesse de repeter dans une grande diversite de formes et de genres : « Oh non, pas encore ! ».
Mechanisms of multidrug resistance in HL60 cells: evidence that a surface membrane protein distinct from P-glycoprotein contributes to reduced cellular accumulation of drug.

HL60 cells exhibiting a 140-fold increase in resistance to vincristine contain three surface membrane proteins with molecular weights of 210,000 (P210), 180,000 (P180), and 150,000 (P150) which are highly phosphorylated in vivo and in an in vitro system in the presence of Mn2+ and [γ-32P]ATP. These phosphorylated proteins are either absent or present in very low levels in membranes of drug-sensitive cells. Growth of the vincristine-resistant isolate in the absence of drug results in a decrease in the level of resistance and a major reduction in the phosphorylation of P210 and P180. The phosphorylation of P150 is not altered in the revertant which still exhibits substantial levels of resistance. Further studies show that P210 and P180 are highly reactive with a monoclonal antibody against P-glycoprotein. These two proteins are present in only very low levels in revertant cells. The monoclonal antibody exhibits no reactivity with P150. In HL60 cells isolated for a 25-fold increase in vincristine resistance proteins reactive with P-glycoprotein monoclonal antibody are essentially absent. P150 is however highly phosphorylated in these cells. Additional experiments using lectin binding of 32P-labeled proteins demonstrates that P150 has properties distinct from P210 and P180. Analysis of drug uptake patterns in the vincristine-resistant isolates and the revertant shows that resistance is related to a reduced intracellular accumulation of drug. Reduced accumulation of vincristine is also found in HL60 cells isolated for resistance to Adriamycin. These cells are devoid of P-glycoprotein but contain phosphorylated P150. These results suggest that proteins P150, P180, and P210 may contribute to multidrug resistance in HL60 cells through a mechanism which involves reduced cellular accumulation of drug. P180 and P210 are structurally related whereas P150 is distinct from these two proteins.
Reducing MLFQ scheduling starvation with feedback and exponential averaging

The Multi-Level Feedback Queue (MLFQ) for process scheduling is efficient and effective, but can allow low-priority and CPU-intensive processes to be starved of CPU attention and make little progress. Process scheduling algorithms in general favor the "shortest CPU-burst first" approach, which provides good performance for interactive processes. A disadvantage often cited for the MLFQ is that processes in the lowest priority queue are in danger of being starved for CPU attention. Other scheduling techniques involve periodically increasing the priority of a process to enable the process to make some forward progress. This paper presents a technique that mitigates MLFQ starvation, which is low overhead and does not jeopardize the servicing of interactive and high-priority processes. This is accomplished by adding a second level of feedback to redirect a "safe" amount of CPU time to the lowest-priority queue to prevent starvation of processes in that queue.
Chronic mood disorders in depressed outpatient--diagnosis and response to pharmacotherapy.

Abstract The current study was devised to assess the utility of Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) categories used to classify minor mood disorders. Similar categories are to be used in the APA's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 3rd edition. The patient sample consisted of 64 consecutive admissions to a double-blind trial of amitriptyline, perphenazine and the combination as treatment for depression. Patients who met RDC for a current episode of major depressive disorder were given 4 weeks of pharmacotherapy as treatment. Chronic mood disorders were also assessed using RDC criteria. This evaluation revealed that only 34% met criteria for an episode of major depressive disorder alone, while 36% met criteria for intermittent depressive disorder, 14% for cyclothymic personality and 16% for labile personality in addition to being in a current major depressive episode. These 4 diagnostic subgroups were compared on demographic characteristics, childhood history, psychiatric history, presenting patterns of symptoms and social functioning, and response to treatment. Differences were noted in the subgroups in presenting symptom levels and residual impairment. However, there was no differential response to a brief course of antidepressant pharmacotherapy in patients with and without chronic minor mood disorders. Most patients showed an improvement during the brief course of treatment. Thus, the presence of a chronic minor mood disorder does not appear to be a contraindication for use of medication in patients who also are currently experiencing a major depressive episode.
The Volcano Adventure Guide

Preface Part I. Volcanoes of All Types: 1. Choosing a volcano to visit 2. The basic facts about volcanoes 3. Volcanic eruptions 4. Visiting volcanoes safely 5. Preparing and planning a volcano adventure Part II. Guides to Volcanoes: Introduction to the field guides Volcanoes in Hawaii Volcanoes in continental USA Volcanoes in Italy Volcanoes in Greece Volcanoes in Iceland Volcanoes in Costa Rica Volcanoes in the West Indies Appendix I. Useful information for preparing for a volcano trip Appendix II. Tours to volcanoes Appendix III. Bibliography and recommended reading Glossary Index.
Nanobiosensors: Role in Cancer Detection and Diagnosis

The ability to detect many cancers at an early stage in its clinical course has the potential to improve patient outcomes in terms of morbidity and mortality. Nanosized components incorporated into existing clinical diagnostic and detection systems as well as novel nanobiosensors have demonstrated improved sensitivity and specificity compared with traditional cancer testing approaches. Nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, and nanocantilevers are examples of four nanobiosensor systems that have been used experimentally in the context of detection and diagnosis of prostate, breast, pancreatic, lung, and brain cancers over the past few years. Nanobiosensors will begin to transition into clinically validated tests as experimental and engineering techniques advance. This paper presents examples of some such nanobiosensors for cancer diagnosis and detection.
Trends in Antihypertensive Drug Therapy by US Office-Based Physicians

To the Editor: We read with great interest the article by Nelson and Knapp1 on the trends of antihypertensive therapy by US office-based physicians. Their findings are clearly significant, but some of their conclusions are not supported by the data presented. The authors state that “physician antihypertensive drug prescribing was generally consistent with the basic antihypertensive drug guidelines of the JNC …
Marsh plants mediate the influence of nitrogen fertilization on degradation of oil from the Deepwater Horizon spill

Coastal wetlands are commonly exposed to hydrocarbon pollutants derived from extraction disasters like the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Naturally occurring microbes can degrade oil, but the rate of oil degradation depends heavily on the key chemical and biological factors. The goal of this study was to determine the influence of interactions between marsh plants and nitrogen (N) on the degradation of oil from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Oil disappearance was measured with gas chromatography (GC) focusing on the change in C18 n-alkane-to-phytane ratio of oil, and instantaneous oil degradation rates were measured using an instantaneous carbon isotopic partitioning method. N addition often stimulates oil decomposition in soil slurries, but the effect of N in our mesocosms depended on plant species. N addition accelerated oil degradation in Spartina alterniflora mesocosms but slowed oil degradation in Spartina patens mesocosms. Across all plant and N treatments, oil degradation related to plant root grow...
Components of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Related to Outcome in Childhood Anxiety Disorders

The present article uses meta-analysis to examine treatment components related to outcome within 35 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for childhood anxiety disorders (CADs) and eight RCTs for childhood obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Examination of the RCTs of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for CADs suggested that adding relaxation and delaying exposures until after the introduction of other anxiety management strategies does not increase the efficacy of exposure-based treatment. In addition, compared to the large effect size (ES) associated with exposure and response prevention (ERP) for OCD (k = 9, mean ES = 1.93), the effect size associated with CBT for CADs (k = 44, mean ES = 0.89) did not differentiate from attention placebo (k = 11, mean ES = 0.55), although it was more effective than waitlist control (k = 24, mean ES = 0.22). Instructively, ERP for OCD involved more exposure initiated earlier and less relaxation than CBT for CADs. In addition, RCTs of ERP were more likely to use clinician-administered measures as opposed to self-report and to be conducted in clinical versus recruited samples. These results suggest that dismantling studies using a gold-standard clinician-rated outcome measure to compare the value of adding anxiety management strategies to exposure will be necessary to increase the efficacy of CBT for CADs to levels achieved by ERP for OCD.
Viscous flow with large free surface motion

Abstract An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) Petrov-Galerkin finite element technique is developed to study nonlinear viscous fluids under large free surface wave motion. A review of the kinematics and field equations from an arbitrary reference is presented and since the major challenge of the ALE description lies in the mesh rezoning algorithm, various methods, including a new mixed formulation, are developed to update the mesh and map the moving domain in a more rational manner. Moreover, the streamline-upwind/Petrov-Galerkin formulation is implemented to accurately describe highly convective free surface flows. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated on a tsunami problem, the dam-break problem where the Reynolds number is taken as high as 3000, and a large-amplitude sloshing problem.
TRP64ARG β3-adrenergic receptor and obesity in Mexican Americans

The β3-adrenergic receptor (β3AR) is expressed in visceral fat and is a regulator of resting metabolic rate, thermogenesis, and lipolysis. We genotyped 61 unrelated Mexican Americans for a variant in the β3AR gene (codon 64 TGGTrp→CGGArg; TRP64ARG). The allele frequency was 0.13. The TRP64ARG variant was significantly associated with an earlier age of onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (41.3 ± 4.6 years vs 55.6 ± 2.6 years; P < 0.02) and in non-diabetics, with elevated 2-h insulin levels during an oral glucose tolerance test (810 ± 120 pmol/l vs 384 ± 6 pmol/l; P < 0.005). Non-diabetic subjects with the variant allele tended to have higher body mass indices (BMI), waist-to-hip ratios, and diastolic blood pressures. The study group was expanded to include 421 related subjects from 31 families in the San Antonio Family Diabetes Study. Using a measured genotype analysis approach to estimate genotype-specific means for each trait, those who were homozygous for the TRP64ARG variant had significantly higher 2-h insulin levels (P = 0.036) and trends towards higher BMI compared to the other two genotypes. We detected no associations of these traits in the TRP64ARG heterozygotes in the larger group. We conclude that the TRP64ARG β3AR variant is a susceptibility gene for several features of the insulin resistance syndrome in Mexican Americans. Since its effects are modest, study design (e.g., subject selection, genetic background, and statistical analyses) may influence which traits are associated with this variant and whether or not the effect is detectable in heterozygotes.
From Death Into Life: Are Theologians Free Simply to Choose?A Response to Driver's Challenge

forth and say why I refuse his theological option. I shall return to this task in a moment, but first, let me say that I fully agree with Driver's conclusion, even though I fear that the moment is not yet at hand when "pure" theology can truly appear as the nightmare from which all vital theology is now trying to awake. We are not yet done with "pure" theology, and this is true if only because the power and realty of history has not yet crumbled. If only for this reason history is not irrelevant, and it is precisely the presence of a historical consciousness which demands "pure" theology. I also suspect that what Driver calls "the absolutizing of terms" is an inevitable consequence of the presence of a historical consciousness. For in the presence of history we are not free to give whatever meaning we choose to words and categories. "Naming" has already occurred in the actuality of history, and we can only evolve to a new language by passing through a transformation of that language which is given by our history. Driver is all too astute in identifying The Descent Into Hell as "absolutist," and in part it is absolutist simply because it is theology. But it is also absolutist because it chooses the symbol of the death of God as its primal ground, thereby naming eternal death as the source and true or actual meaning of eternal life. Now this choice is not
Intersecting Gender and Social Exchange Theory in Family Therapy

Abstract Social exchange theory (SET) provides a comprehensive description of how people interact within relationships, as well as how they make decisions outside of partnerships and groups. This theory, however, does not address how social structure and power processes influence this exchange. Specifically, it fails to recognize how gender shapes the way people behave within relationships. In this paper, we summarize the constructs and assumptions of SET, critique the theory and highlight areas of omission related to gender, and we address culture and other contextual issues that may affect the application of this theory. Finally, we provide a case example demonstrating how clinicians and researchers may consider gender issues in a social exchange process.
Sequential processing of the Toxoplasma apicoplast membrane protein FtsH1 in topologically distinct domains during intracellular trafficking

FtsH proteins are hexameric transmembrane proteases found in chloroplasts, mitochondria and bacteria. In the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, FtsH1 is localized to membranes of the apicoplast, a relict chloroplast present in many apicomplexan parasites. We have shown that although T. gondii FtsH1 lacks the typical bipartite targeting presequence seen on apicoplast luminal proteins, it is targeted to the apicoplast via the endoplasmic reticulum. In this report, we show that FtsH1 undergoes processing events to remove both the N- and C-termini, which are topologically separated by the membrane in which FtsH1 is embedded. Pulse-chase analysis showed that N-terminal cleavage precedes C-terminal cleavage. Unlike the processing of the N-terminal transit peptide of luminal proteins, which occurs in the apicoplast, analysis of ER-retained mutants showed that N-terminal processing of FtsH1 occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum. Two of four FtsH1 mutants bearing internal epitope tags accumulated in structures peripheral to the apicoplast, implying that FtsH1 trafficking is highly sensitive to changes in protein structure. These mutant proteins did not undergo C-terminal processing, suggesting that this processing step occurs after localization to the plastid. Mutation of the peptidase active site demonstrated that neither processing event occurs in cis. These data support a model in which multiple proteases act at different points of the trafficking pathway to form mature FtsH1, making its processing more complex than other FtsHs and unique among apicoplast proteins described thus far.
Dopamine enhancement of NMDA currents in dissociated medium-sized striatal neurons: role of D1 receptors and DARPP-32.

Dopamine (DA), via activation of D1 receptors, enhancesN-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-evoked responses in striatal neurons. The present investigation examined further the properties of this enhancemen...
Requirements development: stages of opportunity for collaborative needs discovery

We consider the process of requirements development in participatory design through discussion of a design case study, In our project, a group of teachers and system designers initially set out to create a virtual physics laboratory. Through the course of a series of participatory design activities, the nature of our project requirements has evolved. We reflect upon this process this both from the standpoint of understanding requirements development and of managing requirement development work activity.
Fighting to fit in: gay–straight alliances in schools under United States jurisprudence

Schools in the United States have long sought to limit what students can and cannot say in the school setting. As students across the country have sought to foster safer environments for gay and lesbian students through the creation of gay–straight alliances, many have encountered resistance from their schools' administrations or local school boards. They, however, have not been helpless. American courts have been overwhelmingly supportive of gay and lesbian students and their allies as they have invoked the Equal Access Act and the First Amendment in their fight for equality and inclusion in schools. In examining the status of students' rights to form gay–straight alliances in United States schools under the Equal Access Act and the First Amendment, I explore seminal American cases regarding the formation of gay–straight alliances in schools as the vehicle for exploring the legality, methods, and motivations of school boards' and school districts' attempts to prevent their formation.
VOLTAGE RELAXATION MEASUREMENTS OF THE ELECTRON AND HOLE MOBILITIES IN YTTRIA-DOPED ZIRCONIA

Abstract The voltage relaxation of galvanic cells with zirconia electrolytes polarized between an inert silver electrode and either a Pt/air or a Fe/FeO electrode has been analysed to obtain the mobilities of both electronic minority charge carriers. At 900°C the mobility of the electrons is 2.4 × 10 −2 cm 2 /Vs, that of the holes is 2 orders of magnitude lower, 1.6 × 10 −4 cm 2 /Vs. The activation enthalpy is 0.55 eV for the electrons and 1.4 eV for the holes. From conductivity data, the concentrations of electrons and holes at 900°C and 1 atm oxygen partial pressure are calculated to be 3 × 10 10 and 6 × 10 17 cm −3 respectively. With the use of platinum inert electrodes the formation of intermetallic Pt—Zr compounds appears at an oxygen partial pressure of 2.3 × 10 −22 atm at 900°C. From this the Gibbs formation energy of yttria-doped zirconia is calculated to be −9.1 eV at 900°C.