cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of a mineralocorticoid/glucocorticoid response element in the human Na/K ATPase alpha1 gene promoter.

Sodium-potassium ATPase (Na/K ATPase) is a major target of mineralocorticoids. Both aldosterone and glucocorticoids activate the human Na/K ATPase alpha1 and beta1 genes transcriptionally. The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) have been shown to bind the glucocorticoid response element (GRE); however, a specific element responsible for the activation of the MR is not known. Sequence analysis of the putative regulatory region of the Na/K ATPase alpha1 gene revealed the presence of a hormone response element that allows the MR to interact with it, at least as well as if not better than the GR. This response element is designated MRE/GRE. In this investigation, we demonstrated the MR and GR induced gene expression in COS-1 cells by cotransfecting with respective expression plasmids (RshMR and RshGR) along with a luciferase reporter. The synthetic MRE/GRE linked to a neutral promoter was activated by MR (6-fold); however, the GR induced a lower level of expression (3.8-fold), suggesting that the element may be preferably MR responsive. Mutations in the synthetic MRE/GRE could not induce the expression with MR, whereas GR had a small effect. Electrophoretic mobility shift analyses demonstrated a direct interaction of MR and GR with the MRE/GRE that was supershifted by an antiMR antibody and the complex was partially cleared by an antiGR antibody, respectively, whereas nonimmune serum had no effect. Footprinting analyses of the promoter region showed that a portion of the DNA containing this element is protected by recombinant MR and GR. Thus these data confirm that this MRE/GRE interacts with both MR and GR but interaction with receptors may be more MR-responsive than response elements previously described.
Research issues in metamodeling

The author identifies and discusses some of the research issues in metamodeling of simulation models after giving an overview of the metamodeling process. Metamodeling of the M/M/1 queue is used to illustrate some of the issues. >
Rate-distortion bound for joint compression and classification

Summary form only given. Rate-distortion theory is applied to the problem of joint compression and classification. A Lagrangian distortion measure is used to consider both the Euclidean error in reconstructing the original data as well as the classification performance. The bound is calculated based on an alternating-minimization procedure, representing an extension of the Blahut-Arimoto algorithm. A hidden Markov model (HMM) source was considered as an example application and the objective is to quantize the source outputs and estimate the underlying HMM state sequence. Bounds on the minimum rate are required was presented to achieve desired average distortion on signal reconstruction and state-estimation accuracy.
Comparison of Cefazolin, a New Cephalosporin Antibiotic, with Cephalothin

Resistance to cephalothin was associated in general with a lack of susceptibility to cefazolin, a new 7-amino cephalosporanic acid derivative.
High-throughput asynchronous datapath with software-controlled voltage scaling

It is widely recognized that adaptive control of the power supply is one of the most effective variables to achieve energy-efficient computation. In this work, we describe the development of a high-performance asynchronous micropipelined datapath that provides robust interfaces across voltage domains, performing appropriate voltage level conversions and operating between stages with fanout-of-four delays differing by almost two orders of magnitude. With software-specified throughput requirements, the power supply of the datapath is scaled from 2.5 V to 650 mV using an on-chip dc-dc conversion system that combines linear regulators and switched-capacitor power supplies. Because of the asynchronous design style, the processor operates continuously during the voltage scaling transitions.
Identification of Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigens by using immune bovine sera and monoclonal antibodies.

Abstract Three Babesia bovis merozoite surface proteins with relative molecular weights of 37,000, 42,000, and 60,000 were identified by indirect immunofluorescence of live merozoites and by immunoprecipitation of 125I-surface-labeled merozoite proteins with immune bovine sera and monoclonal antibodies. These proteins were clearly of parasite origin, as evidenced by immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled [( 35S]methionine) merozoites from cultures with specific antimerozoite monoclonal antibodies. In addition, two other proteins were identified with these methods. An 85-kilodalton protein was considered to be of parasite origin based on fluorescence reactivity with a monoclonal antibody. However, this protein was not detected after immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled parasites, and thus, the exact nature of its origin is equivocal. A fifth protein of 145 kilodaltons was detected by immunoprecipitation after metabolic labeling but was not directly apparent on the surfaces of live merozoites. Since merozoite surface proteins may be important in the induction of protective immunity, those identified here are candidates for vaccine studies.
SMOKING AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

Smoking is overwhelmingly the major cause of chronic bronchitis and emphysema worldwide. Additional risk factors for developing COPD are presented, along with the variables that govern cigarette smoke deposition in the lung. Major paradigms for the pathogenesis of COPD, including the protease-antiprotease and oxidant-antioxidant theories are described, and evidence for impaired reparative mechanisms in the causation of emphysema is noted. A description of the natural history of declining lung function in smokers and in the susceptible subset of smokers that ultimately develop smoking-induced COPD is accompanied by a discussion of the effects of smoking cessation on preservation of lung health. The disordered ventilation and gas-exchange physiology in the cigarette smoke-damaged lung is explained on the basis of the observed morphological changes.
Wireless Andrew [mobile computing for university campus]

At Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, staff and students are using mobile computers for various tasks such as transferring lecture notes, sending e-mails, or surfing the net. This possible due to the installation of a wireless network which will cover all 28 academic and administrative buildings on the 40-hectare campus, and provide service to 10000 people. As long as they are on campus, the university community will be able to take advantage of the network. The high speed wireless infrastructure installed at Carnegie Mellon is called Wireless Andrew. Started as a National Science Foundation-funded research network to support Carnegie Mellon's wireless research initiative, the network originally provided coverage in seven campus buildings. The challenges in building such a large network are far from trivial. They include designing the network so that coverage blankets the entire campus, providing enough capacity to handle the campus-wide traffic load. Further, the network must provide highly reliable service. It builds on the university's wired network infrastructure, which currently provides 10-Mb/s and 100-Mb/s Ethernet service. To supply high-speed wireless service to the campus, Lucent WaveLAN equipment has been installed, which uses direct sequence spread-spectrum radio to provide a raw data rate of 2 Mb/s. For wireless access off campus or otherwise out of the range of the WaveLAN network, cellular digital packet data is used.
A note on commutative bilinear optimal control

For optimal control problems with bilinear dynamics and quadratic cost, the assumption of commutativity is extremely strong and reduces the problem to the classical one of least action.
BEHAVIORS OF TURKEY AND BLACK VULTURES AT A WINTER DAY PERCH

Abstract Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura) and Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus) were observed at a day perch in south-central Pennsylvania during winter of 1984–85 to determine whether there were species-specific differences in behavior that could be correlated with microclimatic variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to relate behavior at the day perch to wind speed, solar radiation, and air temperature. Turkey Vultures arrived earlier at the day perch and moved more predictably than did Black Vultures from high branches to a fence or to the ground as solar radiation and wind speed rose. Although neither species made adjustments in solar orientation to changing conditions, the Turkey Vulture predictably demonstrated wing-spreading behavior in conjunction with high solar radiation.
Influence of soybean row width and velvetleaf emergence time on velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Abstract Row spacing and the relative time of velvetleaf emergence affects the time of soybean canopy closure relative to velvetleaf, influencing the growth and development of velvetleaf. Field studies were conducted in northeastern Nebraska in 2002 and 2003 to describe velvetleaf growth as influenced by soybean presence or absence (velvetleaf grown with soybean or in monoculture), soybean row spacing (19 and 76 cm), and relative time of velvetleaf emergence. Velvetleaf seed production, leaf area (LA), and total dry matter (TDM) were greater in 76-cm- than in 19-cm-wide soybean rows. LA, TDM, and seed production of velvetleaf were reduced with later emergence times in both monoculture and with soybean. Velvetleaf LA, TDM, and seed production decreased when grown with soybean compared with when grown in monoculture. Practical implications of this study suggest that narrowing crop row spacing and controlling early-emerging velvetleaf in soybean can be an effective part of an integrated weed management strat...
Money and Bonds in a Disaggregated Open Economy

This chapter represents a preliminary attempt to introduce monetary phenomena in a general equilibrium model of an open economy. In the formulation, the government sector issues a combination of bonds and money to finance acquisition of public goods. The government may run a budget deficit, which is debt financed or monetized.
Large-Eddy Simulation of Jet Mixing in a Supersonic Turbulent Crossflow

Large-eddy simulation (LES) of an under-expanded sonic jet injection into a supersonic turbulent crossflow (JISC) is performed to obtain insights into the physics of the jet mixing. Recently developed localized artificial diffusivity scheme for shock capturing with highorder compact scheme is used. Progressive mesh refinement study is conducted to quantify the broadband range of scales of turbulence which are resolved in the present calculations. The calculations reported aim to reproduce the flow conditions reported in the experiments of Santiago and Dutton [J. Prop. Power. 13 (1997) 264–273] and detailed comparison with these data are shown. Jet mixing calculations where the upstream boundary layer is fully turbulent are also compared with corresponding calculations with a nominally laminar boundary layer. Statistics obtained by the LES with turbulent crossflow showed good agreement with the experiment and a series of mesh refinement study showed reasonable grid convergence in the predicted mean and fluctuation flow quantities. The present LES also reproduce the large-scale dynamics of the flow reported in previous experiments, but the richness of data provided by LES allows a much deeper exploration of the flow physics. Key physics of the jet mixing in a supersonic crossflow are highlighted by exploring the physics underlying the observed unsteady phenomena. Effect of approaching turbulent boundary layer on the jet mixing is investigated by comparing the results of JISC with turbulent and laminar crossflow.
Asymmetries in Amorphous Silicon Devices

The consequences of the asymmetries in the density of electronic states of hydrogenated amorphous silicon on the behavior of electronic devices are discussed. Asymmetries in the relative widths of valence and conduction bandtails, the position of the dangling-bond states within the gap, and the occupation statistics of non-correlated defects are shown to affect the performance of p-i-n solar cells, and explain their superior performance and stability when compared with such devices illuminated through the n -layer ( n-i-p ). The device-modeling concepts which emerge help explain the differences between cell degradation via light exposure under various bias conditions, and cell degradation by dark forward bias.
GABAA-Dependent chloride influx modulates GABAB-mediated IPSPs in hippocampal pyramidal cells.

The relationship between postsynaptic inhibitory responses [the fast GABAA-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) and the slow GABAB-mediated IPSP] were investigated in hippocampal CA3 p...
Cromlech, menhirs and celestial sphere: an unusual representation of the Lorentz group

We present a novel representation of the Lorentz group, the geometric version of which uses "reversions" of a sphere while the algebraic version uses pseudounitary 2x2 matrices over complex numbers and quaternions, and Clifford algebras in general. A remarkably simple formula for relativistic composition of velocities and an accompanying geometric construction follows. The method is derived from the diffeomorphisms of the celestial sphere induced by Lorentz boost.
Application Effect of Glufosinate in Direct Seeding Cultivation of Transgenic Herbicide Resistant Hybrid Rice

The weed control effect of glufosinate in direct seeding field of transgenic herbicide resistant early hybrid rice Zhu 1S / Bar68- 1 was studied with conventional herbicide as control. The results indicated that the plant type of hybrid rice was not obviously affected,but the stems of weed were decreased by 85. 3%,the grain yield loss was decreased by33. 1% and the weeding cost was decreased by 37. 5% in treatment of spraying glufosinate once compared to control. The key techniques of weed control by glufosinate on direct seeding rice included that the dosage of glufosinate was 432 ~ 576 g( a. i.) /hm2and the glufosinate should be sprayed close to rice canopy at the end of tillering stage.
Optimized Pattern for High Yield Cultivation of High-quality Hybrid Rice Variety Zhongyou 608

Correlation of yield to cultivation density and NPK application amount of high-quality hybrid rice variety Zhongyou 608 were analyzed,mathematical model of each factor and yield index was established,and optimized pattern for high yield cultivation on Zhongyou 608 was determined by application of quadratic general rotation design to study the effect of NPK amount and cultivation density to yield,and explore the high yield cultivation pattern for Zhongyou 608.The results showed that the optimal planting density was 14.8～15.4 thousand plants/667 m2,N was 11.39～12.74kg/667m2,P2O5 was 10.45～11.83 kg/667m2,and K2O was 7.98～10.02kg/667 m2 with 1500kg/667 m2 of organic fertilizer.
Adjuvant vs neoadjuvant chemotherapy in resectable NSCLC: is that the real question?

Besse and Le Chevalier provide us with an excellent and comprehensive review of available literature summarizing the current state of the art relating to both adjuvant and neoadjuvant (or induction) chemotherapy in resectable non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).[1] They review the efficacy of adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that employ cisplatin-based chemotherapy in stages I, II, and IIIA NSCLC, as well as meta-analyses of these RCTs.
Utilising intelligent compaction meter values to evaluate construction quality of asphalt pavement layers

While having been successfully used for soil compaction for many years, intelligent compaction (IC) technology is still relatively new for asphalt pavement construction. The correlation between Compaction Meter Value (CMV) from the IC compactor and the compaction degree of the asphalt layers is hard to identify, mainly due to: (1) multi-layer structure of the road, (2) non-linear behaviour of asphalt materials, and the measuring depth of the IC roller. In this study, the possibility of utilising CMV to evaluate the density of different asphalt pavement layers was examined. The displacements of the newly placed surface layer and the underlying layers under a vibratory roller were analysed using the original Witczak model and the multi-layer pavement analysis software BISAR. A method was proposed to filter the effects of the underlying layers on CMV. Data from two asphalt pavement IC compaction projects in Tennessee were employed to verify the proposed filtering method. Further laboratory methods to simulat...
Access-related hand ischemia and the Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation Study.

Objective Access-related hand ischemia (ARHI) is a major complication after hemodialysis access construction. This study was designed to prospectively describe its incidence, predictors, interventions, and associated access maturation. Methods The Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation Study is a multicenter prospective cohort study designed to identify predictors of autogenous arteriovenous access (arteriovenous fistula [AVF]) maturation. Symptoms and interventions for ARHI were documented, and participants who received interventions for ARHI were compared with other participants using a nested case-control design. Associations of ARHI with clinical, ultrasound, vascular function, and vein histologic variables were each individually evaluated using conditional logistic regression; the association with maturation was assessed by relative risk, Pearson χ 2 test, and multiple logistic regression. Results The study cohort included 602 participants with median follow-up of 2.1 years (10th-90th percentiles, 0.7-3.5 years). Mean age was 55.1 ± 13.4 (standard deviation) years; the majority were male (70%), white (47%), diabetic (59%), smokers (55%), and on dialysis (64%) and underwent an upper arm AVF (76%). Symptoms of ARHI occurred in 45 (7%) participants, and intervention was required in 26 (4%). Interventions included distal revascularization with interval ligation (13), ligation (7), banding (4), revision using distal inflow (1), and proximalization of arterial inflow (1). Interventions were performed ≤7 days after AVF creation in 4 participants (15%), between 8 and 30 days in 6 (23%), and >30 days in 16 (63%). Female gender (odds ratio, 3.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-7.91; P = .013), diabetes (13.62 [1.81-102.4]; P = .011), coronary artery disease (2.60 [1.03-6.58]; P = .044), higher preoperative venous capacitance (per %/10 mm Hg, 2.76 [1.07-6.52]; P = .021), and maximum venous outflow slope (per [mL/100 mL/min]/10 mm Hg, 1.13 [1.03-1.25]; P = .011) were significantly associated with interventions; a lower carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and the outflow vein diameter in the early postoperative period (days 0-3) approached significance ( P P = .56; adjusted odds ratio, 0.97 [0.41-2.31], P = .95). Conclusions Remedial intervention for ARHI after AVF construction is uncommon. Diabetes, female gender, capacitant outflow veins, and coronary artery disease are all associated with an increased risk of intervention. These higher risk patients should be counseled preoperatively, their operative plans should be designed to reduce the risk of hand ischemia, and they should be observed closely.
Electrocardiogram mapping-reentry: final frontier?

To be consistently successful, the interventional electrophysiologist must thoroughly study the electrocardiogram (ECG) of a patient before any catheter ablation procedure. The principles for ECG localization of an arrhythmia include analyzing the axis, timing of the intrinsicoid deflection, and identifying a lead where the inscribed deflection is completely negative. These analyses are equally relevant when analyzing the P wave of atrial arrhythmias and the QRS complex of ventricular arrhythmias. Article see p 755 In general, identifying the site of origin for an automatic tachycardia or the site of early ventricular activation from an accessory pathway can be deduced in a fairly straightforward manner by analyzing the routine electrocardiographic leads. For example, during ventricular tachycardia, a complete negative (QS complex) in lead I strongly suggests origin in the left side of the body and further often signifies epicardial origin because there is no vector of activation that proceeds toward the left shoulder. Using all leads available can usually localize the site of arrhythmia origin to a fairly localized area of atrial or ventricular myocardium. The principles of using the P wave or QRS to map the site of origin of arrhythmia are based on a discrete initiating site followed by relatively predictable and uniform conduction to the rest of the respective cardiac chamber. With macroreentry, there is neither a site of origin nor an expectation for predictable subsequent …
The role of structural-metabolic scan fusion for image-guided interventions: Biopsy of suspected malignancy

1686.6 Objectives: To determine the role and impact of PET-CT fusion on the outcome following image guided biopsies in patients with suspected malignancy. Methods: Twenty patients (8F:12M, mean age 62±15years) with suspected primary malignancy presented for CT-guided percutaneous biopsy. A whole-body Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)PET study was performed for staging purposes, according to the standard protocol, about an hour after the intravenous administration of 560 MBq of FDG. A diagnostic CT study was performed within 7 days of the PET scan. PET and CT reconstructed images were fused using commercial software (MiMvista, Cleveland OH). If an abnormally increased uptake of FDG was seen at the site of the biopsy, this was considered probable for an active process, for the purposes of this study. These lesions were noted to have a Standardized Uptake Value (SUV)> 2. For each patient the following parameters were reviewed to assess the impact of this approach: diagnostic imaging, pathology reports, and method and outcome of definitive diagnosis. Bayesian statistics were used to evaluate expected differences in diagnostic outcome. Results: Following conventional image-guided biopsy (namely CT), the outcomes were: true positive=12, false negative=7, true negative=1, false positive=0. If PET-CT fusion data had been used at the time of biopsy, the expected outcomes would have been 18, 1, 1, 0, respectively. This would likely have resulted in a change in the approach route in 55% (10/20), and an expected change in outcome in 30% (6/20). A definitive diagnosis was delayed an average of 93 days per patient in these 6 patients. Conclusions: Our retrospective analysis suggests that the use of fusion imaging to assist guidance of interventional procedures in patients with suspected malignancy is expected to substantially alter patient management in many settings.Also it is likely to improve diagnostic yield, reduce the delay from presentation to definitive diagnosis, and avoid unnecessary biopsies.
Spontaneous spatial strategy use in learning from scientific text

Abstract Two studies explored the role of the spontaneous use of spatial note-taking strategies (i.e., creating maps and drawings) and spatial ability in learning from a scientific passage. In Study 1, college students read and took notes by hand on a 10-paragraph scientific passage about the human respiratory system. Students tended to use verbal strategies such as lists (on 48% of the paragraphs), outlines (29%) and running text (15%), but also used spatial strategies such as maps (28%) and drawings (11%). Regression analyses indicated that spatial ability and the use of spatial strategies (maps or drawings) significantly predicted learning outcomes, with spatial strategy use explaining additional variance beyond spatial ability. In Study 2, students read the same scientific passage and took notes either by hand on paper (paper group), by hand on a large whiteboard (whiteboard group), or on a laptop computer (computer group). A similar general pattern as Study 1 was found for the paper group, but this pattern was not found for the computer or whiteboard groups, suggesting that the relationships found in Study 1 might depend on the note-taking medium. Results also indicated that students in the paper and whiteboard groups spontaneously used more spatial strategies, whereas the computer group tended to use verbal strategies (i.e., words only), suggesting that different note-taking contexts encourage different strategies.
Effects of the weight configuration of hand load on trunk musculature during static weight holding.

The performance of manual material handling tasks is one major cause of lower back injuries. In the current study, we investigated the influence of the weight configuration of hand loads on trunk m...
Mobilizing Assets: Data-Driven Community Development with Refugees

Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) is a promising approach for supporting community development in refugee communities. This paper explores the feasibility and effects of a data-driven asset mapping system as a community building tool in a refugee camp. Guided by participatory community building methods, We push the bounds of established ABCD methods by engaging community participants throughout the entire process of designing and collecting, but also managing, analyzing, and potentially applying the asset data. We use mixed methods, which include field notes, surveys, and focus groups to investigate whether asset data can be mobilized by the community itself, rather than by staff, to address its challenges and, if so, possible strategies for community members to utilize such data. Our three findings include: 1. refugees in our study had the capacity to collect and up-and-download asset data, 2. However, they lack technical and statistical skills to utilize the data most effectively and 3. Nevertheless, the process of collecting data contributed to a sense of community at the classroom level. Based on these findings, we offer several recommendations for use of data-driven ABCD in low-resource contexts.
History in Place: Territorialized Cosmopolitanism in Teju Cole's Open City

Teju Cole’s 2011 novel Open City has received a good deal of scholarly attention, the majority of which suggests that the novel depicts a failed cosmopolitanism: the narrator’s emphasis on literary...
Internal zonotopal algebras and the monomial reflection groups G(m,1,n)

Abstract The group G ( m , 1 , n ) consists of n-by-n monomial matrices whose entries are mth roots of unity. It is generated by n complex reflections acting on C n . The reflecting hyperplanes give rise to a (hyperplane) arrangement G ⊂ C n . The internal zonotopal algebra of an arrangement is a finite dimensional algebra first studied by Holtz and Ron. Its dimension is the number of bases of the associated matroid with zero internal activity. In this paper we study the structure of the internal zonotopal algebra of the Gale dual of the reflection arrangement of G ( m , 1 , n ) , as a representation of this group. Our main result is a formula for the top degree component as an induced representation. We also provide results on representation stability, a connection to the Whitehouse representation in type A, and an analog of decreasing trees in type B.
Beam measurements on Argonne linac for collider injector design

The 20 MeV electron linac at Argonne produces 5 × 1010 electrons in a single bunch. This amount of charge per bunch is required for the proposed single pass collider at SLAC. For this reason the characteristics of the beam from this machine are of interest. The longitudinal charge distribution has been measured by a new technique. The technique is a variation on the deduction of bunch shape from a spectrum measurement. Under favorable conditions a resolution of about 1° of phase is possible, which is considerably better than can be achieved with streak cameras. The bunch length at 4.5 × 1010e− per bunch was measured to be 15° FWHM. The transverse emittance has also been measured using standard techniques. The emittance is 16 mm-mrad at 17. 2 MeV.
Molecular Diagnostics of Myeloid Neoplasms

According to 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissue, myeloid neoplasms include (1) myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), (2) myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and abnormalities of PDGFRA, PFGFRB, or FGFR1, (3) myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN), (4) myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and (5) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and related precursor neoplasms. The diagnosis and subclassification of myeloid neoplasms is critical and approaches are multifaceted. In an era of advanced molecular biology, the diagnosis of myeloid neoplasms requires an integration of morphology, clinical presentation, laboratory results and immunophenotying with cytogenetics and molecular studies. Emerging novel molecular genetic technologies e.g. DNA microarray, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, whole genomic sequencing will aid further subclassification and characterization of disease entities of myeloid neoplasm. The common or fundamental molecular markers and associated cytogenetic aberrations, together with the diagnostic approaches are emphasized and reviewed in this chapter.
Is mandatory vaccination legal in time of epidemic

A look at the legal precedent that allows a state to enforce mandatory vaccination in time of actual or threatened epidemic infection. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Treatment satisfaction in women receiving palbociclib combination therapies for advanced/metastatic breast cancer.

Aim To understand treatment satisfaction in patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer receiving palbociclib plus an aromatase inhibitor or palbociclib plus fulvestrant in a real-world setting. Patients & methods We performed an observational, cross-sectional, web-based survey of 604 patients with self-reported hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2-negative (HER2-) ABC/mBC in six countries. Results Overall, more than 96% of patients reported the benefits of their palbociclib combination therapy met or exceeded their expectations. Patient expectations and satisfaction with therapy did not differ between patients on palbociclib plus letrozole and palbociclib plus fulvestrant, or between patients with visceral and nonvisceral metastases. Conclusion The patients on palbociclib combination therapy reported high satisfaction scores across multiple countries.
Transforming Developmental Reading Through Information Literacy: Developing A Contextualized Course Curriculum

ABSTRACTSkill and drill remediation in developmental reading courses do not prepare students for reading tasks in future college-level courses. When a skill and drill model is replaced with a model...
What's Weight Got to Do With It? Mental Health Trainees' Perceptions of a Client With Anorexia Nervosa Symptoms.

This study examined the effect of client body mass index (BMI) on diagnostic impressions and perceptions of mental health trainees. Participants read a vignette of a mock female client presenting for treatment with symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions in which the client was described as “underweight,” “normal weight,” or “overweight.” Results revealed that participants assigned to the “underweight” condition diagnosed the client with anorexia nervosa or atypical anorexia nervosa more frequently than participants assigned to the “overweight” or “normal weight” conditions. There was no difference based on client BMI when the more general diagnosis of other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED; previously known as eating disorder not otherwise specified [EDNOS]) was included, however. Participants in the “overweight” and “normal weight” conditions recommended fewer therapy sessions for the client than participants in the “underweight” condition. Furthermore, participants more strongly endorsed weight-based stereotypes to describe the client when she was “overweight” than “normal weight” or “underweight.” Contrary to hypotheses, however, participants reported moderately positive attitudes toward treating the client regardless of BMI. These preliminary findings support initiatives aimed at providing training on weight stigma and eating disorders to mental health professionals.
Confronting Racist Habits: Practical Theological Implications of William James’s View of Habit Change

This article conceptualizes racism and privilege as habitual orientations located at the bodily level, not merely at the level of intention and consciousness. Engaging contemporary critical race thinkers, the analysis explores how William James’s psychological-pragmatic perspective on habit opens up fresh insight into the nature and function of racist habits. The author looks specifically at the value of James’s metaphors of “habits as scars” and “habits as grooved pathways” for conceptualizing racism embedded as bodily habit and habitual orientation. He also applies Bourdieu’s notion of habitus to Christian churches in the United States in order to examine the church as a habituating locus of power and to account for the role of social structures in the formation and reproduction of racist habits. Given the difficulty, even implausibility, of completely erasing racist habits, he considers how James’s view of habit change translates into practical theological approaches for confronting Whiteness and developing more racially just pedagogies and practices that gradually orient the body in new habitual ways of being.
Castleman Disease Presenting as a Parapharyngeal Mass: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Objectives:Masses in the parapharyngeal space often pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to an inaccessible location for biopsy and proximity to critical neurovascular structures of the ...
“Marina Abramović Made Me Cry”: performance and presence work in the affective economy

ABSTRACTIn 2010, the Museum of Modern Art exhibited a retrospective titled Marina Abramovic: The Artist is Present. Surrounded by photographs, artifacts, and re-performances of some of her notoriou...
Expression of nectin-4 in bladder cancer with variant histology.

546Background: The antibody-drug conjugate enfortumab vedotin is poised to change the bladder cancer (BC) treatment landscape by targeting Nectin-4, near ubiquitously expressed in urothelial cancer...
Chapter 15 – Basics of the Electric Servomotor and Drive

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses basic fundamentals concerning electric servomotors and drives. Motor control requires three basic elements: a motor, a drive, and one or more feedback devices. The drive controls current to produce torque; drives also commonly control velocity and sometimes control position. There are several control functions to be implemented for each axis of motion. First, a position profile, which is a sequence of position commands versus time, must be generated. Second, a position loop must be closed, and usually within that, a velocity loop is closed. Electronic motion control is a multi-billion-dollar industry. Servo motion is a fraction of that industry, sharing it with non-servo motion, such as stepper motors and variable-frequency systems. Servo systems must have feedback signals to close control loops. Often, these feedback devices are independent physical components mechanically coupled to the motor. When an object is formed as a complex shape, the effect of the geometry on reluctance is difficult to calculate. Most products that use magnetic circuits are composed of such complex shapes.
Chapter 10 – Membrane Transport

The conventional approach to analyzing membrane transport is based on the specific models of the classical laws of electrostatics (Poisson’s equation) and hydrodynamics (Navier–Stokes equations) combined with Fick’s diffusion equation. The Nernst–Planck equation is used for the transport of charged particles in an electrical field. Specific Fick or Nernst–Planck equations treat all flows as independent, requiring mobility to be subject to gradients of electrostatic and chemical potentials, which may not be fulfilled, especially in concentrated solutions. However, interactions (coupling) are a common phenomenon in membrane transport. One of the trends in such analysis is the approach of linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics and phenomenological equations to incorporate the coupled phenomena into membrane transport. Since the interactions between the permeant and the membrane may be complex, it may be useful to describe the problem with the phenomenological approach without the need for detailed examination of the mechanism of transport and interactions. The nonequilibrium thermodynamics approach may identify the coupling between the flow of a substance and a reaction, or between two flows. This chapter summarizes the formulations for passive, facilitated, and active transport problems.
Learning and Inference in Imaginary Noise Models.

Inspired by recent developments in learning smoothed densities with empirical Bayes, we study variational autoencoders with a decoder that is tailored for the random variable $Y=X+N(0,\sigma^2 I_d)$. A notion of smoothed variational inference emerges where the smoothing is implicitly enforced by the noise model of the decoder; "implicit", since during training the encoder only sees clean samples. This is the concept of imaginary noise model, where the noise model dictates the functional form of the variational lower bound $\mathcal{L}(\sigma)$, but the noisy data are never seen during learning. The model is named $\sigma$-VAE. We prove that all $\sigma$-VAEs are equivalent to each other via a simple $\beta$-VAE expansion: $\mathcal{L}(\sigma_2) \equiv \mathcal{L}(\sigma_1,\beta)$, where $\beta=\sigma_2^2/\sigma_1^2$. We prove a similar result for the Laplace distribution in exponential families. Empirically, we report an intriguing power law $\mathcal{D}_{\rm KL} \sim \sigma^{-\nu}$ for the learned models and we study the inference in the $\sigma$-VAE for unseen noisy data. The experiments were performed on MNIST, where we show that quite remarkably the model can make reasonable inferences on extremely noisy samples even though it has not seen any during training. The vanilla VAE completely breaks down in this regime. We finish with a hypothesis (the XYZ hypothesis) on the findings here.
Resting State Functional MR Imaging of Language Function

Resting state functional MR imaging methods can provide localization of the language system; however, presurgical functional localization of the language system with task-based functional MR imaging is the current standard of care before resection of brain tumors. These methods provide similar results and comparing them could be helpful for presurgical planning. We combine information from 3 data resources to provide quantitative information on the components of the language system. Tables and figures compare anatomic information, localization information from resting state fMR imaging, and activation patterns in different components of the language system expected from commonly used task fMR imaging experiments.
Genome-wide association study reveals genetic risk factors for trigeminal neuralgia

BackgroundWhile many clinical risk factors of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) have been identified, the genetic basis of TN is largely unknown. Here, we perform the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) for TN using three independent DNA biobanks - BioVU, the UK Biobank, and Finngen. ObjectiveTo elucidate the genetic basis of TN. MethodsUsing GWAS summary statistics generated from BioVU, the UK Biobank, and Finngen, we performed fixed-effect meta-analysis across 490,912 individuals (1,188 TN cases and 489,724 controls) to identify genetic risk factors for TN. Genome-wide significance was defined as p < 5.0x10-8. ResultsWe identify an intergenic locus on chromosome 1p22.2 flanked by ZNF326 and SNORD3G containing 5 SNPs (rs77449572, rs543311093, rs35117749, rs71666259, and rs116010656) reaching genome-wide significance (p < 5.0 x 10-8), where rs77449572 is the sentinel variant (p = 1.72 x 10-9). The SNP rs77449572 overlaps an enhancer element in cortex-derived neurospheres. In addition, rs71666259 and rs116010656 are located in enhancer elements in embryonic stem cells (HUES48), suggesting potential functional consequences of this locus. We also identify a second locus on chromosome 5q35.1 containing sentinel variant rs62376947 reaching genome-wide significance (p = 2.49 x 10-8). ConclusionsTo our knowledge, we perform the first GWAS of TN. Future studies should be aimed at understanding the extent to which genetic variation stratifies response to neuropathic pain medication and whether genetic information may be used to identify patients who are likely to benefit (or not) from surgical intervention.
On Automated Trust Computation in IoT with Multiple Attributes and Subjective Logic

Developing automated trust mechanisms has become crucial for overcoming perceptions of uncertainty and risk by people using IoT services. Things are increasingly communicating with each other and trust in the data they deliver depends on several factors such as the links they use to communicate and the environment. This points to a need for a trust management method for "things" that considers the communication among them, environmental and security-related factors, and the net-work topology but without human intervention. To address these challenges, we propose a trust management framework that automatically computes the trust of "things". We use Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) and Evidence-Based Subjective Logic (EBSL) in a trust network of "things" to take into account the uncertainty in trust values. We propose new normalization for non-monotonic attributes in MADM. We present an algorithm for automatic trust computation and evaluate its effectiveness using synthetic data and sampling from real datasets.
Beyond optimization—supervised learning applications in relativistic laser-plasma experiments

We explore the applications of a variety of machine learning techniques in relativistic laser-plasma experiments beyond optimization purposes. With the trained supervised learning models, the beam charge of electrons produced in a laser wakefield accelerator is predicted given the laser wavefront change caused by a deformable mirror. Feature importance analysis using the trained models shows that specific aberrations in the laser wavefront are favored in generating higher beam charges, which reveals more information than the genetic algorithms and the statistical correlation do. The predictive models enable operations beyond merely searching for an optimal beam charge. The quality of the measured data is characterized, and anomaly detection is demonstrated. The model robustness against measurement errors is examined by applying a range of virtual measurement error bars to the experimental data. This work demonstrates a route to machine learning applications in a highly nonlinear problem of relativistic laser-plasma interaction for in-depth data analysis to assist physics interpretation.
The futility study—Progress over the last decade

We review the futility clinical trial design (also known as the non-superiority design) with respect to its emergence and methodologic developments over the last decade, especially in regard to its application to clinical trials for neurological disorders. We discuss the design's strengths as a programmatic screening device to weed out unpromising new treatments, its limitations and pitfalls, and a recent critique of the logic of the method.
A case-based approach to knowledge navigation

The AI Lab at Chicago has begun development of a new set of software agents designed to manage the flood of data colloquially called the "information superhighway". Our approach takes its lead from case-based technology [Riesbeck and Schank, 1989; Hammond, 1989; Kolodner, 1993] in that we are building systems that emphasize the use of examples over explicit queries or questions for communicating with the user.
Recent advances on plasmin inhibitors for the treatment of fibrinolysis-related disorders.

Growing evidence suggests that plasmin is involved in a number of physiological processes in addition to its key role in fibrin cleavage. Plasmin inhibition is critical in preventing adverse consequences arising from plasmin overactivity, e.g., blood loss that may follow cardiac surgery. Aprotinin was widely used as an antifibrinolytic drug before its discontinuation in 2008. Tranexamic acid and e-aminocaproic acid, two small molecule plasmin inhibitors, are currently used in the clinic. Several molecules have been designed utilizing covalent, but reversible, chemistry relying on reactive cyclohexanones, nitrile warheads, and reactive aldehyde peptidomimetics. Other major classes of plasmin inhibitors include the cyclic peptidomimetics and polypeptides of the Kunitz and Kazal-type. Allosteric inhibitors of plasmin have also been designed including small molecule lysine analogs that bind to plasmin's kringle domain(s) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan mimetics that bind to plasmin's catalytic domain. Plasmin inhibitors have also been explored for resolving other disease states including cell metastasis, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and embryo implantation. This review highlights functional and structural aspects of plasmin inhibitors with the goal of advancing their design.
An extrapolated matched-filter approach to multi-user channel estimation for OFDM in SDMA

Space division multiple access (SDMA) may provide a solution to increase the bandwidth efficiency and the transmission capacity of a cellular system or in a wireless network by exploiting the spatial dimension aiding transmission of very high data rates over wireless links. The implementation of such SDMA receivers, however, requires accurate channel estimation in severe frequency-selective and time-variant broadband radio channels. In this paper, we consider the link from the mobile user to the base station. The subsystems include an orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) transmitter, an adaptive antenna array (AAA), the vector channel model, the data model, and the weight construction and combining.
Limited utility of exercise stress tests in the evaluation of children with chest pain.

Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the utility of the exercise stress test (EST) in pediatric patients without previously diagnosed heart disease who present with chest pain and to correlate EST results with echocardiographic findings. Design Retrospective chart review over a 14-month period. Setting Cardiology clinic at an academic children's hospital. Patients Two hundred three pediatric patients who presented to a pediatric cardiologist and had an EST for chest pain. Outcome Measures Correlate EST results with echocardiographic findings and the patient's ultimate diagnosis. Methods Retrospective review of patients who presented to cardiology clinic for chest pain, analysis of medical records, EST, echocardiograms, and other downstream testing. Results Of 433 patients who presented to a pediatric cardiologist for chest pain, 203 (47%) had an EST performed. One hundred seventy-six (87%) patients did not have a prior diagnosis of congenital heart disease and made up our study population. Mean age was 13.2 ± 3 years. Of the patients who had an EST, 139 (79%) had chest pain with exercise. Echocardiography was performed in 124 (70%) of the patients who had an EST. Of patients undergoing echocardiography, 17/124 (14%) had abnormalities, but none of the abnormalities found were thought to contribute to the patients’ chest pain. There were only four (2%) abnormal EST, and none were thought to be diagnostic for the patients’ symptoms of chest pain. The most common diagnoses were musculoskeletal chest pain in 34 patients (19%) and reactive airway disease in 27 patients (15%). Conclusion In children referred to pediatric cardiology clinic for chest pain, EST has a low yield in identifying cardiac abnormalities.