cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Properties and application of the reduced isotopic product rule for molecular vibration frequencies

Abstract The well-known approximate separation of low molecular vibrational frequencies from high frequencies has in the past been combined with the Redlich-Teller isotopic product rule to split the latter into separate rules for the high and for the low frequencies (reduced isotopic product rules). A number of variants and properties of these rules are discussed, along with some modifications applicable when redundant coordinates are involved. A discussion is given of the use of nonbonded distances instead of the related bond angles, and the employment of computer programs which calculate normal frequencies from postulated force constants. A comparison is made of the relative advantages of using these reduced product rules for testing assignments of observed vibration frequencies as opposed to the use of frequencies or frequency product ratios calculated from transferred force constants. Finally benzene, ethylene, methyl isocyanide, and cyclohexane are worked out as examples and some suggestions made of possible remaining uncertainties in the assigned fundamental frequencies.
Process narratives, grey boxes, and discourse frameworks : Cognition, interaction, and constraint in understanding genetics and medicine

The article presents a model of understanding that takes into account interaction, cultural knowledge, and the constraints of organizations and institutions. It analyzes discourse and cognition in high school biology classes and clinical consultations involving discussions of genetics. The analytical lenses of constraint satisfaction, coherence-based reasoning, and collective cognition reveal multilayered social, cultural, and interactional components of authority and agency that influence understanding. The analysis reveals similarities across settings in discourse structure and the ways that participants relate to local constraints. In both types of settings, participants attempt to develop process narratives that present a sequential or causal relationship between information and lead to remembered understandings of concepts. However, the absence of certain process information that links terms or concepts functions like a missing plot point in a story, hindering the development of process narratives and understandings. In order to cover such information gaps, students and patients construct and display grey boxes. In addition to talk and text, these consist of various actions and resources specific to a local discourse framework such as pointing at graphics, tabular information, and symbols. Grey boxes satisfy the organizational constraints of time, resources, and task structure that affect interaction related to understanding concepts and procedures, but their connection to a particular discourse framework restricts the transfer of knowledge between settings. The power of medical practitioners and teachers to enhance or restrict understandings relates to the ways that they accommodate the use of grey boxes during interactions with clients and students. Professional frames of reference that teachers or practitioners apply to task interactions may constrain the ways students or clients apply grey boxes and process narratives. Awareness of the functions of process narratives and grey boxes presents opportunities to modify local discourse frameworks and increase understandings of concepts, medical conditions, and treatment options.
The reward of a good joke: neural correlates of viewing dynamic displays of stand-up comedy

Humor is enjoyable, yet few studies to date have reported that humor engages brain regions involved in reward processing (i.e., the mesolimbic reward system). Even fewer have investigated socially relevant, dynamic displays of real actors telling jokes. Instead, many studies have focused on responses to static cartoons or written jokes in isolation. In the present investigation, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine brain activation in response to video clips of comedians performing stand-up comedy, a more socially relevant task than reading jokes or cartoons in isolation. Participants watched video clips of eight stand-up comedians, half female/half male, that were prerated by a separate group of participants from the same population as eliciting either high or low levels of amusement, thereby allowing us to control for comedian attributes and comedic style. We found that high-funny clips elicited more activation in several brain regions involved with reward responses, including the nucleus accumbens, caudate, and putamen. A regression with participants' own ratings of humor revealed similar activity in reward areas as well as in regions involved in theory of mind. These findings indicate that dynamic social displays of humor do engage reward responses. The rewarding nature of humor may help explain why it is so valued socially.
Modal vibration control of an active surface telescope

The large millimeter-wave telescope (LMT), a bi-national project between the U.S. and Mexico, is a 50 m diameter radio telescope which will operate at 1 mm wavelengths. To achieve its surface accuracy requirements, the telescope relies on an actively controlled primary surface. A telescope reflecting surface is usually subjected to slowly varying loads. However, environmental conditions, as well as those observing techniques which require high accelerations, excite vibration in the structure. In a conventional telescope, the observer must wait for the vibration to decay naturally before continuing an observation. However, for a telescope such as the LMT, the mass of the surface and the large number of actuators can be used to add damping to the support structure. This paper investigates the use of active surfaces in vibrational damping of their supporting structures. This is accomplished by using the surface sensors to determine the modes present in the vibration of backstructure and using the surface control system to damp the dominant modes. The surface figure is controlled simultaneously.
An integral expression for the Jost matrix of non-relativistic scattering on the line

An integral expression in terms of the potential and the physical solutions is given for the Jost matrix of one-dimensional non-relativistic quantum mechanics.
Evaluation of a synthetic route to ε-viniferin based on a new method for the stereoselective preparation of 2,3-diaryl-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans

Lewis acid-promoted reactions of unsymmetrically substituted (E)-stilbenes with 2-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinones regio- and stereoselectively produce trans 2,3-diaryl-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans.
Using Consensus Clustering for Multi-view Anomaly Detection

This paper presents work on automatically characterizing typical user activities across multiple sources (or views) of data, as well as finding anomalous users who engage in unusual combinations of activities across different views of data. This approach can be used to detect malicious insiders who may abuse their privileged access to systems in order to accomplish goals that are detrimental to the organizations that grant those privileges. To avoid detection, these malicious insiders want to appear as normal as possible with respect to the activities of other users with similar privileges and tasks. Therefore, given a single type or view of audit data, the activities of the malicious insider may appear normal. An anomaly may only be apparent when analyzing multiple sources of data. We propose and test domain-independent methods that combine consensus clustering and anomaly detection techniques. We benchmark the efficacy of these methods on simulated insider threat data. Experimental results show that combining anomaly detection and consensus clustering produces more accurate results than sequentially performing the two tasks independently.
Carbonate-Rich Dikes in Ignimbrites of Southeastern Nevada

In southern Lincoln County, Nevada, carbonate-rich dikes ranging in width from a few inches to about 40 ft intrude rhyolitic ignimbrites of the late Tertiary Kane Wash Formation. In the cryptocrystalline calcite matrix that forms 40 to 55 percent of the rock are embedded xenoliths of rhyolitic tuff and abundant crystals and crystal fragments of quartz and sanidine. Minor constituents are iron-oxide granules, andradite crystals, basalt fragments, and small glass particles, many of which are tubular. This intrusive rock lacks the trace-element composition and petrologic associations of accepted carbonatites. Carbon, oxygen, and strontium isotope ratios are not diagnostic. The chemical composition, the texture of the calcite, the forms of the glass particles, and the occurrence in ignimbrites that contain primary calcite indicate that the intrusive melt was formed by mixing of a silicate magma and melted limestone.
Understanding Nonfiscal Barriers to Airport Development and Exploring Federal Policy Solutions

Airport development projects are vulnerable to an array of nonfiscal challenges that can significantly delay or prevent projects. Through a survey of 20 airports, this research paper identifies important nonfiscal barriers to airport development and analyzes their characteristics and potential effects on the development process. In addition, a thorough literature review as well as meetings with industry professionals and FAA staff was used to explore resulting challenges and examine potential federal policy solutions. Research findings have revealed that community opposition, political opposition, airport stakeholder opposition, land availability, and environmental requirements are the most frequent nonfiscal challenges to airport development. These nonfiscal challenges have resulted in a lengthy and highly complex process in which runway expansion projects take a significant amount of time to complete. The impact on the national aviation system warrants a serious commitment by the federal government to address these nonfiscal challenges. Specifically, the federal government needs to tackle these obstacles more aggressively by expanding programs and reforming policies. By acquiring a better understanding of the nonfiscal challenges to airport development and exploring federal policy solutions, aviation system planners can move closer to achieving capacity, safety, and environmental goals.
Temperature fluctuations in the canonical ensemble.

We report the first quantitative measurements of spontaneous temperature fluctuations in a physical system well modeled by a canonical ensemble. Using superconducting magnetometers and a carefully controlled thermal environment, we have measured the noise spectra of paramagnetic salt thermometers that were coupled to thermal reservoirs at 2 K. The noise spectra were found to be in very good agreement with the predictions of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Our observations are at variance with some interpretations of fluctuations in the canonical ensemble.
The Numbering and Taxonomy of Inventoried Items

Group technology has become an important and viable approach to manufacturing systems, and provides significant benefits in inventory management, production process flow, throughput efficiency, tooling, and purchasing. It focuses on classification systems as the main approach, as opposed to production flow analysis. Many firms try to use a code such as a GT code as a means of both classifying and identifying components. This article points to some of the pitfalls that accompany this practice, and advocates the use of independent systems—one for identification and others for classification; thus, separating these two functions.
CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE STIMULATES STEROIDOGENESIS IN CULTURED HUMAN ADRENAL CELLS

Abstract The effects of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) on steroid production by cultures of human fetal adrenal cells was investigated. We found that CRH, at concentrations that have been reported to exist in human fetal serum, stimulated dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS) and cortisol production by cultured fetal zone and neocortical zone cells. A dose-dependent increase in secretion of both steroids was noted, with the cortisol pathway being preferentially enhanced by CRH at high concentrations. Pretreatment of adrenal cells for 3 days made them more responsive to ACTH stimulation and such effects were dose-dependent also. Inclusion of the antagonist, α-helical CRH (9–41) blocked CRH-induced stimulation of DS and cortisol over a broad dose range and also interfered with the augmentation of cortisol secretion noted after ACTH in CRH treated cells. CRH had no effects on adrenal cell proliferation or total cell protein. These studies are suggestive that CRH, either of systemic origin or else produced within the adrenal itself, has the potential to be a modulator of adrenal steroid production in the human.
Mean g Values of Rare-Earth Ions: Extension to Monoclinic Symmetries

A previous calculation of the mathematical properties of a Kramers doublet for extrema of the mean $g$ value is extended to monoclinic symmetries. The theory is applied to the paramagnetic resonance data for La${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$: ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$. These data are shown to be consistent with a ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$ site of ${\mathrm{C}}_{2v}$ point symmetry.
Photospheric electric current and transition region brightness within an active region

Distributions of vertical electric current density (Jz) calculated from vector measurements of the photospheric magnetic field are compared with ultraviolet spectroheliograms to investigate whether resistive heating is an important source of enhanced emission in the transition region. The photospheric magnetic fields in Active Region 2372 were measured on 6 and 7 April, 1980 with the MSFC vector magnetograph; ultraviolet wavelength spectroheliograms (Lα and Nv 1239 A) were obtained with the UVSP experiment aboard the Solar Maximum Mission satellite. Spatial registration of the Jz (5 arc sec resolution) and UV (3 arc sec resolution) maps indicates that the maximum current density is cospatial with a minor but persistent UV enhancement, but there is little detected current associated with other nearby bright areas. We conclude that although resistive heating may be important in the transition region, the currents responsible for the heating are largely unresolved in our measurements and have no simple correlation with the residual current measured on 5 arc sec scales.
Fluorescence from subpicosecond states of 3,4,9,10-dibenzpyrene

Abstract A systematic study has been made of the fluorescence from higher excited singlet states of 3,4,9,10-dibenzpyrene. Particular attention has been paid to the dependence on the excitation conditions of the intensity, structure and overall shape of the fluorescence spectra. It is confirmed that the upper states relax electronically before significant vibrational relaxation occurs: in fact excess vibrational energy is found to increase the rate of internal conversion, consistently with observations made on isolated small molecules. Calculations have been made of the relaxation times of several electronic states, all in the subpicosecond region.
Antidiamond principles and topological applications

We investigate some combinatorial statements that are strong enough to imply that ? fails (hence the name antidiamonds); yet most of them are also compatible with CH. We prove that these axioms have many consequences in set-theoretic topology, including the consistency, modulo large cardinals, of a Yes answer to a problem on linearly Lindelof spaces posed by Arhangel'skiĭ and Buzyakova (1998).
De Novo Head and Neck Carcinoma in Transplant Recipients: Preliminary Results of Management

Purpose To evaluate the stage-based definitive management approach of de novo head and neck cancer (HNC) developing in immunocompromised transplant recipients. Patients and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 5 patients with HNC who had previously received an organ or bone marrow transplant. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy (alone or in combination) were the employed therapeutic methods for stage I to IV HNC. Results At diagnosis of HNC, the average patient age was 60 years. The average interval between transplantation and the appearance of HNC was 5 years. In addition to immunosuppressive therapy, 4 patients had another risk factor for HNC development—long history of smoking; also, another person was treated by total body irradiation. With appropriate management that included local treatment for early-stage disease and bimodal therapy in cases of locally advanced neoplasms, all patients (4 being tumor-free) were alive at 6 to 38 months’ follow-up. Conclusion Although longer follow-up information is needed, we contend that judicious stage-based management of HNC in transplant recipients is associated with outcomes not necessarily different from patients who are not immunosuppressed.
Introduction to Special Issue: Black and Latina/o Sexualities

Black and Latina/o people represent a sizable and growing percentage of the US population, yet there are large gaps in sexuality research with these populations. In this introduction to the special issue of Sexuality Research and Social Policy, the guest editors discuss some considerations for conducting sexuality research on Black and Latina/o populations. The simple inclusion of minority (soon to be majority) populations in sexuality research is not sufficient. There is a need for race consciousness to critically address racial (and cultural) assumptions in the way research is framed and findings are understood. In addition, Black and Latina/o individuals frequently negotiate more than one minority or marginalized status or identity that frames their experiences and negotiations of their sexualities. In this special issue, articles and essays are included that add to our understanding of some of the complexities and nuances related to the sexualities of Black and Latina/o people.
Structural Comparison of DNA Polymerase Architecture Suggests a Nucleotide Gateway to the Polymerase Active Site

1.1. Overview DNA polymerases are essential for the repair and replication of genomic DNA. These enzymes must rapidly bind and incorporate the correct deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) from a pool of chemically and structurally similar molecules in a template-dependent manner to ensure high fidelity DNA synthesis. Appropriately, DNA binding precedes nucleotide selection.1,2 In recent years, a wealth of structural information, primarily from crystallographic structures, characterizing the structure of DNA polymerases from diverse sources has hastened our molecular understanding of the critical and essential role they play in faithful genome replication and repair. Based on primary sequence, DNA polymerases are grouped into families.3 This article seeks to assimilate structural information across DNA polymerases families to uncover molecular attributes that facilitate nucleotide binding and catalysis. We analyze structural similarities and differences between representative DNA polymerases from different families. By performing multiple structural alignments on fifteen polymerase ternary substrate complex crystal structures, the alignment confirms that the catalytic cores are conserved between families. It includes two key active site metal ions along with two critical bridging aspartate residues, and one variable acidic residue (aspartate or glutamate) that coordinate these metals. These elements, as well as the incoming nucleotide, are highly conserved in structural space between polymerase families. Several other charged residues are conserved among catalytic cores across polymerase families. Importantly, we describe a tubular “channel” leading from the enzyme boundary to the active site of the polymerases in three families; A, B, and X. The lack/presence of this channel suggest that the mechanism of mobilizing a dNTP for insertion may differ across polymerase families. In addition, domains other than the polymerase domain play a role in formation of this channel. The features of DNA synthesis may depend on how the molecular architecture of the channel affects substrate (right and wrong) access and product (PPi) release. After a general description of DNA polymerase architecture and the active site for each family, we discuss dNTP diffusion into the active site.
Half-lives and decay of 197Pb isomers

Abstract Mass-separated radioactive sources of 197m, g Pb were studied by means of γ -e- t coincidence and time-multiscaled γ-ray singles measurements. The half-life of 197g Pb was determined for the first time and is found to be 10±2 min, and that of 197m Pb has been remeasured as 44.6±0.9 min. The presence of an 85.0 keV transition following the 234.4 keV M4 transition is confirmed.
The second stable conformer of 1,3-butadiene. Geometry optimizations with configuration interaction and coupled cluster methods

Abstract The structures of s -cis and gauche butadiene have been determined using methods that include the effects of dynamical electron correlation. Optimized geometries, energies and harmonic vibrational frequencies are presented and discussed at the various levels of theory employed. The information yielded by the highest theoretical level used leads to a prediction that the gauche conformer is a minimum on the potential energy surface, lying 0.8 kcal/mol below the s -cis conformer which is predicted to be a transition state. This barrier to planarity is reduced to 0.5 kcal/mol with inclusion of zero-point vibrational energy effects. It is postulated that the gauche structure is favoured since the reduction in steric interactions in this conformation overcomes any loss of conjugation relative to the planar structure. Isoprene and dimethyl-butadiene have also been shown to display these effects in a more pronounced manner.
The plasticity of human Treg and Th17 cells and its role in autoimmunity.

CD4+ T helper cells are a central element of the adaptive immune system. They protect the organism against a wide range of pathogens and are able to initiate and control many immune reactions in combination with other cells of the adaptive and the innate immune system. Starting from a naive cell, CD4+ T cells can differentiate into various effector cell populations with specialized function. This subset specific differentiation depends on numerous signals and the strength of stimulation. However, recent data have shown that differentiated CD4+ T cell subpopulations display a high grade of plasticity and that their initial differentiation is not an endpoint of T cell development. In particular, FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and Th17 effector T cells demonstrate a high grade of plasticity, which allow a functional adaptation to various physiological situations during an immune response. However, the plasticity of Treg and Th17 cells might also be a critical factor for autoimmune disease. Here we discuss the recent developments in CD4+ T cell plasticity with a focus on Treg and Th17 cells and its role in human autoimmune disease, in particular multiple sclerosis (MS).
An indicator kriging model for investigation of seismic hazard

Time domain probabilistic techniques most often are used for assessment of seismic hazard. Such techniques are based on the historic frequency of ground motion. Hazard is expressed as a probability of experiencing a particular level of seismic activity over a given length of time. One of these techniques utilizes frequency of extreme values for assessment of hazard. The major disadvantage of this technique, however, becomes evident when maximum seismic activity for two consecutive years occurs only a few weeks or months apart. In this case, the extreme value approach overestimates seismic hazard. A new approach for hazard assessment is founded on principles of indicator kriging. This technique evaluates seismic hazard as a simple frequency record, which is more realistic for regions of little to moderate seismicity.
The effects of aging on thermal hyperalgesia and tactile-evoked allodynia using two models of peripheral mononeuropathy in the rat

The effects of aging on the behavioral manifestations of neuropathic and inflammatory pain were investigated using two models of peripheral nerve injury. The left sciatic nerve of young and aged Fischer 344 FBNF1 hybrid rats (4-6 and 24-26 months old, respectively) was ligated using either the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of Bennett and Xie or the partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) model of Seltzer et al. A plantar analgesic meter was used to assess age-related differences in CCI- or PSNL-induced thermal hyperalgesia, and nerve injury-induced tactile-evoked allodynia was assessed with von Frey filaments. Aged animals subjected to the PSNL procedure developed a more vigorous and longer lasting thermal hyperalgesic response than did aged rats post-CCI. The CCI model incorporates a more prominent peripheral inflammatory component than the PSNL model. These data support the notion that the peripheral inflammatory response is diminished in aged rats.
Aerial Remote Sensing of Peanut Ground Cover

Remote sensing is an effective method for estimating ground cover (GC) of crops. In this study, we compared two methods for estimating the GC of peanut (Arachis hypogea L.). The methods are based on two different vegetation indices, perpendicular vegetation index (PVI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). We also investigated the use of generalized expressions for the bare soil line and 100% GC point for use in evaluating GC using the PVI method. The field was planted to four varieties of peanuts in two different planting patterns (single and twin rows). High resolution red and near infrared (NIR) images of the study field were collected using the Texas Tech Airborne Multispectral Remote Sensing System (TTAMRSS) on three cloud-free days during the 2009 growing season. Field measurements of GC were used to compare the two approaches (PVI vs. NDVI). Results showed that GC estimated using the PVI method was in good agreement with corresponding observed values over the range of GC values observed in this study (around 35–95% GC). The NDVI-based method did not perform as well as the PVI-based method. An additional finding was that general information involving soil and plant canopy reflectance characteristics obtained from previous studies could be used in the PVI-based method without significant loss of accuracy. These results support the use of the PVI-based method for estimating GC of field crops, and show that previously obtained information regarding soil and plant reflectance characteristics can be effectively incorporated into this methodology.
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to NMDA-R1 receptor channel protect cortical neurons from excitotoxicity and reduce focal ischaemic infarctions

The excitatory amino acid, L-glutamate, acting through its N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, may contribute to neuronal death following cerebral vascular occlusion. In support of this hypothesis, NMDA receptor antagonists reduce the volume of infarction produced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in vivo and attenuate Ca2+ influx and neuronal death elicited by L-glutamate or NMDA in vitro. A complementary DNA coding for a major component of the NMDA receptor channel complex, a single protein of M(r) 105.5K (NMDA-R1), has been isolated from rat brain. Here we demonstrate that inhibition of the synthesis of NMDA-R1 by treatment with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides selectively reduces the expression of NMDA receptors, prevents the neurotoxicity elicited by NMDA in vitro and reduces the volume of the focal ischaemic infarction produced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in the rat.
The Golem Returns: from German romantic literature to global Jewish culture 1808–2008

Cathy Gelbin's The Golem Returns provides an illuminating cultural history of the literary golem theme from the early modern period to our day and age. Relating a rabbi's creation and manipulation ...
Institutional features of congressional decisions: The fight to prohibit smoking on airlines*

A pervasive theme of the congressional politics literature is that the committee system is fundamental in determining the policy status quo. Such an assertion hinges crucially upon committees controlling their jurisdictions; congressional delegation is undermined if a committee can assert authority over any issue domain at any time. Yet, representatives may possess an incentive to support a policy proposal that would change the status quo, even if it entails disregarding procedures. Indeed, standard conceptualizations of how members of Congress make their voting choices assume that only the benefits and costs associated with a policy matter, and they do not consider institutional factors such as whether a bill emerged from the correct committee. This analysis examines whether representatives will sacrifice policy interests to preserve institutional features of the legislature. The effort in 1987 to curb smoking on airplanes — which became embroiled in a difficult-to-resolve jurisdictional dispute — serves as a vehicle to analyze how sensitive members are to such features. The results demonstrate that a sizable number put aside their [generally moderate] policy preferences and voted against limits on smoking for institutional reasons. These findings have important implications both for specifying the determinants of policy change and for understanding institutional stability.
Trip report: Japanese progress in robotics for construction

Rapport de visite d'une mission americaine dans six des plus importantes entreprises de construction japonaises, une Universite et une Association de Recherches en Robotique
Curriculum '78—is computer science really that unmathematical?

In 1979, Ralston was investigating curricula for discrete mathematics [95] and Shaw was participating in evaluations of Curriculum 78 and the role of mathematics in undergraduate computer science. They combined their notes to form a criticism of the mathematical content of Curriculum ’78 that appeared in Communications of the ACM [94]. Some comments on the paper appeared a few months later [69]
pSigene: Webcrawling to Generalize SQL Injection Signatures

Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are an important component to effectively protect computer systems. Misuse detection is the most popular approach to detect intrusions, using a library of signatures to find attacks. The accuracy of the signatures is paramount for an effective IDS, still today's practitioners rely on manual techniques to improve and update those signatures. We present a system, called pSigene, for the automatic generation of intrusion signatures by mining the vast amount of public data available on attacks. It follows a four-step process to generate the signatures, by first crawling attack samples from multiple public cyber security web portals. Then, a feature set is created from existing detection signatures to model the samples, which are then grouped using a biclustering algorithm which also gives the distinctive features of each cluster. Finally the system automatically creates a set of signatures using regular expressions, one for each cluster. We tested our architecture for SQL injection attacks and found our signatures to have a True and False Positive Rates of 90.52% and 0.03%, respectively and compared our findings to other SQL injection signature sets from popular IDS and web application firewalls. Results show our system to be very competitive to existing signature sets.
Evaluating Transitions of Care of Hospitalized Medical Patients to Long-Term Care Facilities: A Retrospective Review of Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant but preventable cause of hospital-related morbidity and mortality. Prevention of in-hospital VTE, thus, has become a major quality improvement initiative within hospitals. However, addressing VTE prophylaxis rates and appropriateness on transition to other facilities has not been fully characterized to date. The authors of this study retrospectively evaluated VTE prophylaxis on transfer from medical inpatient settings to long-term care facilities. Analysis indicated that on transfer to other facilities, VTE prophylaxis recommendations were not routinely documented. Interfacility communication is crucial to ensure that appropriate prophylaxis recommendations are addressed during transitions of care. New processes evaluating VTE prophylaxis recommendations at the time of care transfer warrant further study.
On‐line multidimensional chromatography using supercritical carbon dioxide

A two-dimensional chromatographic separation is described which makes use of the unusual properties of supercritical carbon dioxide mobile phase. This solvent has the property of giving a separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) on amine-bonded columns similar to that given by usual normal-phase solvents, and on octadecylsilane-bonded columns similar to that given by usual reversed-phase solvents. Packed columns were used, arranged so that they could be switched in or out of the solvent flow. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures isolated from coal tar were fractionated according to number of aromatic carbon atoms on an amine-bonded column, and these fractions were trapped on an octadecysilane-bonded column. They were subsequently eluted according to the polarity of the individual compounds. Separations from fractions containing 16 and 18 aromatic carbon atoms are shown.
The effect of coal bed dewatering and partial oxidation on biogenic methane potential

Abstract Coal formation dewatering at a site in the Powder River Basin was associated with enhanced potential for secondary biogenic methane determined by using a bioassay. We hypothesized that dewatering can stimulate microbial activity and increase the bioavailability of coal. We analyzed one dewatered and two water-saturated coals to examine possible ways in which dewatering influences coal bed natural gas biogenesis by looking at differences with respect to the native coal microbial community, coal-methane organic intermediates, and residual coal oxidation potential. Microbial biomass did not increase in response to dewatering. Small Subunit rRNA sequences retrieved from all coals sampled represented members from genera known to be aerobic, anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic. A Bray Curtis similarity analysis indicated that the microbial communities in water-saturated coals were more similar to each other than to the dewatered coal, suggesting an effect of dewatering. There was a higher incidence of long chain and volatile fatty acid intermediates in incubations of the dewatered coal compared to the water-saturated coals, and this could either be due to differences in microbial enzymatic activities or to chemical oxidation of the coal associated with O 2 exposure. Dilute H 2 O 2 treatment of two fractions of structural coal (kerogen and bitumen + kerogen) was used as a proxy for chemical oxidation by O 2 . The dewatered coal had a low residual oxidation potential compared to the water-saturated coals. Oxidation with 5% H 2 O 2 did increase the bioavailability of structural coal, and the increase in residual oxidation potential in the water saturated coals was approximately equivalent to the higher methanogenic potential measured in the dewatered coal. Evidence from this study supports the idea that coal bed dewatering could stimulate biogenic methanogenesis through partial oxidation of the structural organics in coal once anaerobic conditions are restored.
AgAu Bimetallic Janus Nanoparticles and Their Electrocatalytic Activity for Oxygen Reduction in Alkaline Media

Bimetallic AgAu Janus nanoparticles were prepared by galvanic exchange reactions of 1-hexanethiolate-passivated silver (AgC6) nanoparticles with gold(I)-mercaptopropanediol complex. The AgC6 nanoparticles were deposited onto a solid substrate surface by the Langmuir–Blodgett method such that the galvanic exchange reactions were limited to the top face of the nanoparticles that was in direct contact with the gold(I) complex solution. The resulting nanoparticles exhibited an asymmetrical distribution not only of the organic capping ligands on the nanoparticle surface but also of the metal elements in the nanoparticle cores, in contrast to the bulk-exchange counterparts where these distributions were homogeneous within the nanoparticles, as manifested in contact angle, UV–vis, XPS, and TEM measurements. More interestingly, despite a minimal loading of Au onto the Ag nanoparticles, the bimetallic AgAu nanoparticles exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic activity in oxygen reduction reactions, as compared to the ...
Reversible and irreversible denaturation of proteins in chromatographic systems

Protein denaturation in typical chromatographic mobile phases is examined from kinetic and equilibrium viewpoints, preliminary to consideration of the binding of proteins to stationary phases. Protein binding to a stationary phase may result in concomitant stabilization or destabilization. Experiments to clarify mechanisms and/or to lead to stabilization of proteins against denaturation are discussed. Among the work to be discussed are the ion exchange chromatography of α-chymotrypsinogen and hen egg lysozyme with mobile phases containing urea; reverse phase HPLC of RNase A and serum albumin with conventional mobile phases; and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of enolase, carbonic anhydrase, lysozyme, RNase A, and bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, mediated by the surfactant CHAPS.
Parenting among Hispanic and Anglo-American mothers with young children.

Abstract The authors examined parenting practices and developmental expectations among 38 Hispanic and 38 Anglo-American mothers living in the United States. Mothers of children 3 to 5 years of age completed the Parent Behavior Checklist (R. A. Fox, 1994), a 100-item measure of parents' developmental expectations, discipline, and nurturing practices. In addition, the authors appraised the Hispanic mothers' acculturation and selected them for participation if their scores on an acculturation scale indicated (a) that their lifestyle was predominantly Hispanic and (b) that they had not been assimilated into the dominant culture. The 2 ethnic groups were also divided by socioeconomic status (SES). There were significant main effects for ethnicity and SES on the discipline and nurturing scores but not on the expectations scores. The Hispanic and higher SES mothers reported higher discipline and lower nurturing scores than did the Anglo-American and lower SES mothers. An unexpected finding was the tendency for ...
Convergence analysis of an interior point method in convex programming, regular constraint case

We study the convergence properties of a previously proposed algorithm in the context of solving a class of smooth nonlinear convex optimization problems. With some mild assumptions, it is shown that the algorithm has global convergence with guaranteed accuracy upon termination. Further, an upper bound for the local rate of convergence is derived. It rigorously justifies the efficiency of the algorithm in spite of the fact that the bound is in general conservative.
A Scalable Approach to Fusing Spatiotemporal Data to Estimate Streamflow via a Bayesian Network

Flow of water through stream networks directly impacts flooding and transport of sediments and pollutants in watershed systems. Hence, knowledge of streamflow is critical for water management and mitigation of flooding and drought events. Unfortunately, spatially dense networks of in situ streamflow measurements are generally unavailable and would be prohibitively expensive to deploy and maintain. Thus, a data fusion framework is needed that utilizes available data to predict streamflow. Observed data in spatial (e.g., topography and land cover), temporal (e.g., streamflow and groundwater levels), and spatiotemporal domains (e.g., rainfall) impact streamflow. Some of these quantities can be obtained from remote sensing imagery; however, combining such disparate data types using traditional data fusion methods is problematic. Physically based hydrologic models have been used to predict streamflow but often with significant uncertainty because numerous assumptions are made for many unmeasured input and parameter values. Traditional Bayesian inference approaches suffer from superlinear increases in computational complexity as the number of data sets to be fused grows. In this paper, a scalable spatiotemporal approach based on Bayesian networks (BNs) is presented for estimating streamflow. An information-theoretic methodology based on conditional entropy is employed to quantify the impact of adding nodes in the BN in terms of information gained. The framework offers the flexibility of embedding knowledge from hydrologic models calibrated for the study area by introducing them as additional nodes in the network, thereby improving prediction accuracy. Posterior probabilities of estimates and the associated entropy provide valuable information on the quality of predictions and also offer directions for future watershed instrumentation.
Expression of the Circadian Clock Gene Period2 in the Hippocampus: Possible Implications for Synaptic Plasticity and Learned Behaviour

Genes responsible for generating circadian oscillations are expressed in a variety of brain regions not typically associated with circadian timing. The functions of this clock gene expression are largely unknown, and in the present study we sought to explore the role of the Per2 (Period 2) gene in hippocampal physiology and learned behaviour. We found that PER2 protein is highly expressed in hippocampal pyramidal cell layers and that the expression of both protein and mRNA varies with a circadian rhythm. The peaks of these rhythms occur in the late night or early morning and are almost 180° out-of-phase with the expression rhythms measured from the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the same animals. The rhythms in Per2 expression are autonomous as they are present in isolated hippocampal slices maintained in culture. Physiologically, Per2-mutant mice exhibit abnormal long-term potentiation. The underlying mechanism is suggested by the finding that levels of phosphorylated cAMP-response-element-binding protein, but not phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase, are reduced in hippocampal tissue from mutant mice. Finally, Per2-mutant mice exhibit deficits in the recall of trace, but not cued, fear conditioning. Taken together, these results provide evidence that hippocampal cells contain an autonomous circadian clock. Furthermore, the clock gene Per2 may play a role in the regulation of long-term potentiation and in the recall of some forms of learned behaviour.
Diagnostic approach to canine symmetrical alopecia

Symmetrical alopecia in dogs can be a clinical presentation that is frustrating to address in daily practice. A complete work-up should include evaluating the breed characteristics, taking a complete history and carrying out a complete physical and dermatological evaluation. A list of differential diagnoses should help to decide which diagnostic tests should be performed to rule out ectoparasites, infections, endocrine disorders and follicular disorders. The treatment options should be discussed with the owners because, for some alopecic conditions, e.g. follicular dysplasia, there may be no effective therapy and the alopecia may be just a cosmetic disorder.
A neutron diffraction determination of the coherent scattering amplitude of NP and the possible antiferromagnetism of neptunium dioxide

Neptunium dioxide has been reported to be antiferromagnetic with a Neel temperature of 25°K based on magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements. Neutron diffraction patterns were obtained at 5.4°K and 78°K from two neptunium dioxide samples with oxygen to metal ratios of 1.93 and 2.034. Since the scattering amplitude of Np was unknown, it was determined to have a value of l.055±0.010 × 10−12 cm. No significant difference was observed between the 5.4°K and 78°K neutron diffraction patterns of either sample. Assuming that neptunium dioxide is magnetically isostructural with uranium dioxide the magnetic moment of each neptunium atom is less than 0.5 Bohr magnetons.
The Michelson resonator free-electron laser. I. Passive mode structure and mode decay

A general analysis of the evolution of phase locking in an RF linac-driven Michelson resonator free-electron laser (FEL) is presented. By providing a delay of one RF period in the secondary arm of the interferometer, successive optical pulses can be coupled at the beamsplitter, so that they build up from noise with a definite phase relationship. Phase locking is described in terms of longitudinal mode decay by extracting the mode losses directly from the passive frequency response of the resonator. The analyses predict significant mode structure simplification in microsecond macropulses, so that high-resolution spectroscopy is feasible on RF linac-driven FELs. Simulations of the perfectly tuned Michelson resonator FEL are described from spontaneous radiation to saturation, using a one-dimensional pulse propagation code. Excellent agreement with the analytical results in the small-signal regime is demonstrated. >
Lymphocyte-Sparing Effect of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Patients With Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer

Purpose Radiation-induced lymphopenia (RIL) is associated with inferior survival in patients with glioblastoma, lung cancer, and pancreatic cancer. We asked whether stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) decreases severity of RIL compared to conventional chemoradiation therapy (CRT) in locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). Methods and Materials Serial total lymphocyte counts (TLCs) from patients enrolled in a prospective trial of SBRT for LAPC were compared to TLCs from an existing database of LAPC patients undergoing definitive CRT. SBRT patients received 33 Gy (6.6 Gy × 5 fractions). CRT patients received a median dose of 50.4 Gy (1.8 Gy × 28 fractions) with concurrent 5-fluorouracil (77%) or gemcitabine (23%) therapy. Univariate and multivariate analyses (MVA) were used to identify associations between clinical factors and post-treatment TLC and between TLC and survival. Results Thirty-two patients received SBRT and 101 received CRT. Median planning target volume (PTV) was smaller in SBRT (88.7 cm 3 ) than in CRT (344.6 cm 3 ; P P =.01). SBRT and CRT groups had similar median baseline TLCs. One month after starting radiation, 71.7% of CRT patients had severe lymphopenia (ie, TLC 3 vs 13.8% of SBRT patients; P P =.007). MVA demonstrated that treatment technique and baseline TLCs were significantly associated with post-treatment TLC at 1 but not 2 months after treatment. Higher post-treatment TLC was associated with improved survival regardless of treatment technique (hazard ratio [HR] for death: 2.059; 95% confidence interval: 1.310-3.237; P =.002). Conclusions SBRT is associated with significantly less severe RIL than CRT at 1 month in LAPC, suggesting that radiation technique affects RIL and supporting previous modeling studies. Given the association of severe RIL with survival in LAPC, further study of the effect of radiation technique on immune status is warranted.
Simulation of Post-Irrigation Moisture Movement

The transpiration-induced moisture removal by the plant roots is represented by a negative source term in the Darcy equation. When the soil is wetted to near saturation, the moisture flow is initially downward due to gravity. As transpiration dries the upper soil layers, capillary suction reverses the Darcian flow. The upward water flux through the soil has a maximum, which occurs high in the root zone initially and gradually moves downward. Throughout much of the time periods studied there was downward flow in portions of the soil-root system. Very little water, if any, was obtained by the plants from below the root zone, but considerable moisture was often lost to this region. As the soil-root system dries, a point is reached at which the Darcian moisture flux in the soil can be neglected, and the moisture removal process can be described by local extraction alone. When this occurs, the root geometry assumes major importance in determining the water supply available to a plant.