cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of the benzyl groups on the binding of H 2 by three-coordinated Ti complexes

Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the adsorption of ${\text{H}}_{2}$ molecules on a three-coordinated benzyl-decorated titanium complex suggested in a recent experiment [A. Hamaed et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 6992 (2008)]. Unlike the interpretation of the experimental results that the Ti(III) complex can bind five ${\text{H}}_{2}$ molecules via the Kubas interaction, the Ti(III) complex cannot adsorb ${\text{H}}_{2}$ molecules via the Kubas interaction. In contrast, a benzyl-released Ti(III) complex can adsorb up to two ${\text{H}}_{2}$ molecules with a binding energy of $\ensuremath{\sim}0.25\text{ }\text{eV}/{\text{H}}_{2}$ via the Kubas interaction, in good agreement with the measurement of $\ensuremath{\sim}0.2\text{ }\text{eV}$. The calculated occupation number of ${\text{H}}_{2}$ molecules at $25\text{ }\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\text{C}$ and $\ensuremath{-}78\text{ }\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\text{C}$ under 60 atm is 0.9 and 1.9, respectively, in good agreement with the measurement of 1.1 and 2.4 near the conditions, respectively. Our results suggest that the Ti complex in experiment might be a benzyl-released form.
Miniature Head-Mounted Microphone for Voice Perturbation Analysis

The miniature head-mounted microphone has become the microphone of choice in clinics, laboratories, and professional work settings where voice amplification or recording is needed and subject mobility is desirable. In this study, a miniature head-mounted condenser microphone was compared to a larger, professional grade stand-mounted condenser microphone for perturbation analysis. Amplitude and frequency perturbation measures of human phonation were made for comparison. The results indicate that only small differences exist between the two microphones. The only exception is when there is significant head movement, in which case the head-mounted microphone offers an advantage. Errors associated with variable source-to-microphone distance can therefore be reduced without losing baseline quality in transducing voice signals for analysis.
Microprocessor-Based Instrument For Analyzing Video Interferograms

An interferogram analysis system has been developed that uses a standard television camera interfaced to a microcomputer to acquire the coordinates of fringe centers. Following single-frame capture at a resolution of 480 x 512 x 1, continuous lines appear at fringe centers in less than 12 seconds. Editing software provides for the addition and removal of data points and smoothing. Selection of data for analysis and order assignment are under full operator control. The system provides elaborate graphics options based upon a polynomial fit to the data. Under ideal conditions a detailed analysis is obtained in less than 10 minutes.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
An Unusual Case of Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid-Related Hepatotoxicity

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid is a widely used antibiotic. Hepatic dysfunction is a rare adverse reaction associated with this combination antibiotic. We report the case of a 40-yr-old woman with a somewhat unusual presentation of amoxicillin/clavulanate-related cholestatic hepatotoxicity and multiple duodenal erosions whose diagnosis was delayed until inadvertent rechallenge with the antibiotic combination. The relevant literature is also reviewed and discussed. The diagnosis may be missed because the onset of signs/symptoms may occur several weeks after the cessation of therapy. The hepatic dysfunction, which may be severe and is more prevalent in elderly patients, is usually reversible, although chronic liver disease and deaths have been reported. Immunological hypersensitivity is considered to be the most likely mechanism resulting in liver injury. Amoxicillin/clavulanate should be used with caution in patients with underlying liver disease and in the elderly.
GEOGRAPHY – A PROBLEM IN NOMENCLATURE

(1960). GEOGRAPHY – A PROBLEM IN NOMENCLATURE. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 4-7.
Consul: a parallel constraint language

The author describes a constraint-based language, Consul, that can exploit implicit parallelism. The results are reported of the first stage of the Consul project, which was designed to produce empirical evidence for or against Consul as a parallel language. To produce the evidence, a parallel-execution model is developed that is based on local propagation and uses some important generalizations of earlier work on local propagation. A set of tools was developed to measure the execution of several Consul programs. The results suggest that considerable parallelism is available in Consul programs and that local propagation is a viable mechanism for solving most real-world constraints. The Consul programs demonstrate that programmers can control performance through the proper choice of algorithms, despite Consul's declarative nature. >
Analysis of isotope separation during thin film compound formation

Abstract An analysis of the separation of isotopes is given for the situation of a thin film compound formed by parabolic reaction kinetics. When the moving reaction species migrates by lattice diffusion of a substitutional solute on the compound sublattice, isotope separation is expected to occur with the heavier isotope to be found in higher relative concentrations at smaller distances from the source. On the other hand, when the moving reaction species migrates by a typically low solubility interstitial process within the lattice, isotope separation on the substitutional sublattice of the compound is not expected to be determinable experimentally and will consequently not be observed. For a grain boundary diffusion process, either forward or reverse isotope separation appears to be mathematically possible; reverse separation corresponds to the lighter isotope appearing closer to the source. Consequently, isotope separation experiments may significantly assist in the interpretation of film thickening mechanisms.
Dynamic response and sonic fatigue analysis at NASA Langley for hypersonic vehicle structures

This paper presents an overview of three research topics being pursued at the NASA Langley Research Center for dynamic response prediction and sonic fatigue analysis of hypersonic vehicle structures. The first is the development of a numerical simulation procedure within the framework of a finite element analysis for the prediction of the large deflection random response of simple panels. The second topic is an implementation of the equivalent linearization technique in a commercial finite element code for the prediction of large deflection random response of complicated panels. The last area is the calculation of a dynamic stress intensity factor in the frequency domain for use in sonic fatigue crack growth prediction.
Molecular-Level Modeling of Interfacial Phenomena: Use of Molecular Dynamics Simulations in Tandem With Statistical Thermodynamics Models

Nanoscale aspects of interfacial phenomena can be critically import in convective vaporization and condensation in nanochannels or microchannels. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been extensively used to model and explore the physics of interfacial phenomena at the molecular level. Efforts to improve MD simulations have often focused on development of more physically realistic interaction potentials used to model intermolecular force interactions, or on development of more efficient computing strategies. An important, and often overlooked aspect of MD simulations is the role that theoretical models from statistical thermodynamics can play in MD simulations. This paper argues that use of alternate statistical thermodynamics models, and unconventional strategies for using them, can be effective ways of enhancing MD simulations. The advantages of these types of approaches are explored in the context of three recent MD simulation studies of interfacial region thermophysics that have made use of statistical thermodynamics theory in novel ways. Examples considered include studies of the interfacial region between bulk liquid and vapor phases, thin liquid films on solid surfaces, and stability free thin liquid films. These examples illustrate ways that MD simulations can be combined with other models to enhance computational efficiency or extract more information from the MD simulation results. Successful strategies for implementing these types of scheme are examined, and their general applicability is assessed.
TU-D-M100F-06: Temporal Precision of Gated Step-And-Shoot Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy

Purpose: The use of gating in the delivery of radiation therapy (RT) has been shown as an effective means of treatingtumors susceptible to motion. However, due to electronic and mechanical limitations of the radiationdelivery equipment, the precision of gated IMRT is susceptible to equipment process time delays. The purpose of this study is to investigate the temporal accuracies of gated RT using a simple and inexpensive method that doesn't require complex or fast sampling equipment to measure response times. Method and Materials: Using a Varian Trilogy treatmentdelivery system together with a Varian RPM respiratory gating system, the response times of both normal RT and step‐and‐shoot (SS) IMRT gated deliveries are investigated. Radiation dosage profiles, recorded using radiographic films, are digitalized to allow extraction of temporal data. In addition the same response time technique is used with an electronic portal imagining device (EPIDs). Results: Static to dynamic comparison of specific MLC patterns is used to extract the gating response time. It is found that the time, from when an object enters into the specified phase to when the radiation beam is actually turned on, is approximately 0.15 s. This time error is found to be systematic in nature and is approximately the same for both normal and SS‐IMRT gated deliveries.Conclusion: A general and simple procedure has been developed that will allow the response time of a LINAC based gating systems to be made. The ∼150 ms systematic timing error found to occur in the Trilogy/RPM system can be corrected by modification of the gating software provided if the patients breathing is regular and periodic.
Posterior Interosseous Neuropathy: Electrodiagnostic Evaluation

Electrodiagnostic studies are used to anatomically localize nerve injuries. These tests help differentiate between cervical radiculopathies, brachial plexopathies, and peripheral nerve injuries. They also help to identify or rule out other underlying neurological diseases and disorders. In this case report, a 22-year-old male swimmer presented with left finger extensor weakness following pull-up exercises. Left wrist extension remained intact. Electrodiagnostic testing revealed a severe but incomplete posterior interosseous neuropathy. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed inflammation of the nerve in the forearm. Posterior interosseous neuropathy is an uncommon but well-studied condition. Typically, this condition presents with weakness in finger and thumb extension with preserved wrist extension as the extensor carpi radialis longus is innervated proximal to the site of nerve compression in most cases. It is important to understand the anatomic course and distribution of the radial nerve in order to make an accurate diagnosis. Once the anatomy is understood, electrodiagnostic testing may be used to identify the location of nerve injury and exclude other disorders.
Cell of origin of lung cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and current therapies are disappointing. Elucidation of the cell(s) of origin of lung cancer may lead to new therapeutics. In addition, the discovery of putative cancer-initiating cells with stem cell properties in solid tumors has emerged as an important area of cancer research that may explain the resistance of these tumors to currently available therapeutics. Progress in our understanding of normal tissue stem cells, tumor cell of origin, and cancer stem cells has been hampered by the heterogeneity of the disease, the lack of good in vivo transplantation models to assess stem cell behavior, and an overall incomplete understanding of the epithelial stem cell hierarchy. As such, a systematic computerized literature search of the MEDLINE database was used to identify articles discussing current knowledge about normal lung and lung cancer stem cells or progenitor cells. In this review, we discuss what is currently known about the role of cancer-initiating cells and normal stem cells in the development of lung tumors.
Anatomical sciences in the allopathic medical school curriculum in the United States between 1967–2001

The present article surveys the changes in the time allocated for the four disciplines in the anatomical sciences in the medical curricula of allopathic medical schools in the United States from 1967–2001. The results indicate that there was a great reduction in the laboratory portions, but not in the lecture portions of Gross Anatomy, Histology, Neuroanatomy, and Embryology. The greatest time reduction overall for the disciplines occurred between 1967–1973 (502 to 387 hr), followed by the time reduction between 1982–1995 (380 to 329 hr). Clin. Anat. 16:434–439, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Failure of Beta-lactam Antibiotics (Eagle Effect) and Superiority of Clindamycin in the Treatment of Invasive Streptococcus pyogenes Infections • 936

Failure of Beta-lactam Antibiotics (Eagle Effect) and Superiority of Clindamycin in the Treatment of Invasive Streptococcus pyogenes Infections • 936
Computation of maximum entropy Dirichlet for modeling lifetime data

This paper presents an entropy-based procedure for Bayesian inference about the suitability of a parametric distribution as a model for the data. The procedure, referred to as the maximum entropy Dirichlet (MED), combines the maximum entropy characterization of the parametric family with the Dirichlet process prior for the unknown data-generating distribution. The MED is a computer-intensive method that generates prior and posterior distributions of an information index for assessing the suitability of the parametric family of the likelihood function in light of the data. The MED also provides prior and posterior distributions for the parameters of the model under consideration. We present the elements of the MED procedure and give a Monte Carlo algorithm for obtaining the MED prior and posterior distributions. We illustrate an application of the MED on a set of synthetic lifetime data and find that the procedure correctly identifies the data-generating distribution among the well-known families of lifetime models.
Sephadex Equilibrium-Diffusion Technique for Fractionating Whey and Skimmilk Systems

Abstract An equilibrium-diffusion process was developed which utilizes Sephadex G-25 for removing low molecular weight solute materials from whey and skimmilk systems. Two successive treatments by the process removed a total of about 67% of the minerals and about 51% of the lactose from acid whey and about 36% of the minerals and about 72% of the lactose from concentrated skimmilk. Equilibration of the low molecular weight constituents between the milk serum phase and the interior of the Sephadex beads was complete within 1 min or less. The extent of fractionation achieved is primarily a function of the mixing ratio of product and Sephadex and the number of successive contact treatments used. The equilibrium-diffusion technique may be useful for developing large-scale, continuous processes for fractionating whey and skimmilk systems into low molecular weight and colloidal constituents.
A plague upon the phagocytes

Plague bacteria are renowned for causing some of the most devastating epidemics in human history. We are now closer to understanding why: the pathogen selectively disarms key cells of the innate immune system, weakening the front-line defenses of the body.
Two-dimensional dirac delta reconsidered

Distribution theory continues to be of significant importance in many branches of applied mathematics and especially within the research activities of theoretical and applied physicists. It is the belief of the author that the Dirac delta functional offers enormous impact in fostering advances within distribution theory together with its applications. Whenever one requires an example of a singular, ultra or new generalized function, a version of the Dirac delta satisfies that need. In this paper we have collected several very recent and important results for the Dirac delta and formulated them within a two-dimensional domain. We then go on and graph a three-dimensional version of the result implementing the software, Pro-Matlab. Within many branches of signal analysis the geometrical aspects of a particular mathematical concept are of paramount importance to the user. For example, when one implements a transform as a filter, the geometrical considerations give strong evidence of the utility of the filter for the particular application. We have also included a preliminary beginning for considering wavelet transforms applied to distributions.
The Value Of Electronic Health Records In Community Health Centers: Policy Implications

This paper analyzes the costs and benefits of electronic health records (EHRs) in six community health centers (CHCs) that serve disadvantaged patients. EHR-related benefits for most study CHCs did not pay for ongoing EHR costs, yet quality improvement (QI) was substantial. Compared to private practices, CHCs cannot use EHRs to increase visit coding levels and revenues, yet they likely use EHRs more aggressively for QI, which raises equity questions. The evidence suggests that policies are needed that help CHCs to afford EHRs and produce more EHR-related QI gains, including through grants and QI performance rewards.
Aliasing probabilities for feedback signature compression of test data

A computationally efficient Markov state space model is developed for determining the aliasing probability of a linear feedback shift register when used for test data reduction. The model studied can be used to test data errors which have a constant of probability of error, correlated or repeated use errors, or time varying error probability. Based on a number of simulations of various error models and feedback polynomials it appears that a primitive polynomial, with about half its terms nonzero, has the best dynamic performance in most cases. >
Repair of Symptomatic Forearm Hernias Using Acellular Dermal Matrix—Two Case Reports

Symptomatic forearm hernias are troublesome conditions infrequently presented in the literature. We describe a novel approach using cadaveric acellular dermal matrix in an inlay technique to restore fascia integrity. In 2 patients who perform heavy labor, this technique resolved their hernia-related symptoms and allowed them to resume work activities.
Ultraviolet laser microplasma–gas chromatography detector: detection of species-specific fragment emission

Characteristic laser-produced microplasma emissions from various simple carbon-containing vapors entrained in a He carrier gas have been observed and compared. A focused ArF (193-nm) excimer laser is used to induce microplasmas with modest pulse energies (15 mJ or less) in the effluent region of a gas chromatography capillary column. Strong atomic (C, H, O, Cl, and F) as well as molecular (C(2), CH, and CCI) emissions are observed with very high SNRs. A plasma emission survey indicates that different classes of molecule show unique spectra which make it relatively easy to distinguish one chemical class from another. These results suggest that a laser microplasma gas chromatography detector (LM-GCD) should offer additional discrimination/resolution for unknown sample gas mixture analysis. In addition, the LM-GCD exhibits a significant advantage over certain other GC detectors, like the widely used flame ionization detector, by readily detecting nonresponsive gases such as CO, CO(2), CCl(4) and Freons.
Death from psoriasis: Representative US data

Objectives: Psoriasis can be associated with severe, life‐threatening exacerbations. We sought to approximate the mortality associated with hospitalizations for psoriasis. Materials and methods: We analyzed data from two sources to estimate a death rate associated with psoriasis. Results: There were 471 hospital admissions for psoriasis from 1988 to 2001 with a corresponding mortality rate of 1.5%. Documented on nationwide death certificates, there were a total of 29, 33, and 25 deaths attributable to psoriasis in 2001, 2000, and 1999, respectively. Conclusions: Though effective therapies for severe psoriasis are available, access to them is not guaranteed. It is disturbing to think that the deaths observed here could, at least in part, be prevented with the appropriate use of treatments.
Carbonate complexation of yttrium and the rare earth elements in natural waters

Abstract Potentiometric measurements of Yttrium and Rare Earth Element (YREE) complexation by carbonate and bicarbonate indicate that the quality of carbonate complexation constants previously obtained via solvent exchange analyses are superior to characterizations obtained using solubility and adsorptive exchange analyses. The results of our analyses at 25°C are combined with the results of previous solvent exchange analyses to obtain YREE carbonate complexation constants over a wide range of ionic strength (0 ≤ I ≤3 molal). YREE carbonate complexation constants are reported for the following equilibria, M3++nHCO3−⇌M(CO3)n3−2n+nH+, where n = 1 or 2. Formation constants written in terms of HCO3− concentrations require only minor corrections for ion pairing relative to the corrections required for constants expressed in terms of CO32− concentrations. Formation constants for the above complexation equilibria, CO3Hβ1=[MCO3+][H+][M3+]−1[HCO3−]−1 and CO3Hβ2=[M(CO3)2−][H+]2[M3+]−1[HCO3−]−2, have very similar dependencies on ionic strength because the reaction MCO3++HCO3−⇌M(CO3)2−+H+ is isocoulombic. Potentiometric analyses indicate that the dependence of logCO3Hβ1 and logCO3Hβ2 on ionic strength at 25°C is given as (A) log CO 3 H β n = log CO 3 H β n 0 −4.088 I 0.5 /(1+3.033 I 0.5 )+0.042 I where CO3Hβn0 denotes a formation constant at 25°C and zero ionic strength. Recommended values for logCO3Hβ1 and logCO3Hβ20, expressed in the form (element, −logCO3Hβ10, −logCO3Hβ20), are as follows: (Y, 2.85, 8.03), (La, 3.60, 9.36), (Ce, 3.27, 8.90), (Pr, 3.10, 8.58), (Nd, 3.05, 8.49), (Sm, 2.87, 8.13), (Eu, 2.85, 8.03), (Gd, 2.94, 8.18), (Tb, 2.87, 7.88), (Dy, 2.77, 7.75), (Ho, 2.78, 7.66), (Er, 2.72, 7.54), (Tm, 2.65, 7.39), (Yb, 2.53, 7.36), (Lu, 2.58, 7.29).
Observations on the orientation and feeding behavior of barnacles associated with lobsters

Abstract The pedunculate barnacle, Trilasmis fissum hawaiense (Pilsbry) is associated with two species of spiny lobsters, Panulirus japonicus (De Siebold) and P. penicillatus (Olivier). It exhibits weak orientation behavior to water currents even when a food stimulus is present, but the orientation is not entirely uniform. One cirral net movement and three different peduncular movements have been observed. Orientation of adult barnacles to bristles of lobster mouth parts is thought to be a result of the orientation of cyprids at settlement. Specialized feeding responses which appear to be an adaptation of the specific environment were observed. It is suggested that the habitat, the oral region of lobsters, provides the barnacles with food and protection from predators.
Protection from nitrosative stress: a central role for microbial flavohemoglobin.

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) is an inevitable product of life in an oxygen- and nitrogen-rich environment. This reactive diatomic molecule exhibits microbial cytotoxicity, in large part by facilitating nitrosative stress and inhibiting heme-containing proteins within the aerobic respiratory chain. Metabolism of NO is therefore essential for microbial life. In many bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, the evolutionarily ancient flavohemoglobin (flavoHb) converts NO and O2 to inert nitrate (NO3−) and undergoes catalytic regeneration via flavin-dependent reduction. Since its identification, widespread efforts have characterized roles for flavoHb in microbial nitrosative stress protection. Subsequent genomic studies focused on flavoHb have elucidated the transcriptional machinery necessary for inducible NO protection, such as NsrR in Escherichia coli, as well as additional proteins that constitute a nitrosative stress protection program. As an alternative strategy, flavoHb has been heterologously employed in higher eukaryotic organisms such as plants and human tumors to probe the function(s) of endogenous NO signaling. Such an approach may also provide a therapeutic route to in vivo NO depletion. Here we focus on the molecular features of flavoHb, the hitherto characterized NO-sensitive transcriptional machinery responsible for its induction, the roles of flavoHb in resisting mammalian host defense systems, and heterologous applications of flavoHb in plant/mammalian systems (including human tumors), as well as unresolved questions surrounding this paradigmatic NO-consuming enzyme.
Microvascular effects of hypertonic solutions in the hamster

Abstract The microvessel beds of the cheek pouch and cremaster muscle of the golden hamster were exposed to hypertonic solutions between 312 and 372 mosm/liter. In the cremaster, arteriolar dilations were induced at osmolarities of 332 mosm/liter and greater. The arterioles of the cheek pouch were somewhat more sensitive, showing statistically significant vasodilations at 312 mosm/liter and above. The dilations required between 2 and 5 min to reach full expression of the effect of the increased solution osmolarity. The data indicate that careful consideration of exposure time is required during any study of the effects of hypertonic solutions. Furthermore, the data suggest that hypertonicity is unlikely to be the major factor controlling resistance during functional hyperemia.
On Computing Strength of Evidence for Writer Verification

The problem of writer verification is to make a decision of whether or not two handwritten documents are written by the same person. Providing a strength of evidence for any such decision is an integral part of the writer verification problem. The strength of evidence should incorporate (i) The amount of information compared in each of the two documents (line/half page/full page etc.), (ii) The nature of content present in the document (same/different content), (iii) Features used for comparison and (iv) The error rate of the model used for making the decision. This paper describes the statistical model used for writer verification and also introduces a mathematical formulation to include the above four mentioned parameters, for calculating strength of evidence of same/different writer. The statistical model uses Gamma and Gaussian densities to parametrically model the distance space distribution arising from comparing ensemble of pairs of documents. The strength of evidence is mapped to a 9-point qualitative scale for the decision; one that is often used by questioned document examiners. Experiments and results show that with increase in information content from just a single word to a full page of document, the verification accuracy of the model increases.
MICELLIZATION, MIXED MICELLIZATION AND SOLUBILIZATION: THE ROLE OF INTERFACIAL INTERACTIONS

Abstract The importance of interfacial Interactions in governing micellization, mixed micellization, polymer-micene complexation and solubilization is examined in this review. A common thermodynamic approach is used to treat these different phenomena involving surfactant self-assembly. In all the cases, the free energy of self-assembly can be decomposed into bulk and interfacial components. The interfacial component arises from two competing contributions. One is due to the free energy of formation of the micellar core-solvent interface while the other is due to the steric and electrostatic interactions among the head groups at the micellar surface. The competition between these two contributions is shown here as determining all the fundamental features of self-assembly. Specifically, we discuss in this review the influence of interfacial interactions on the cooperativity of self-assembly, the critical micelle concentration, the size and size distribution of micelles, the transition from spherical to cylindrical micelles, the non-ideal behavior in mixed surfactants, the complexation or non-complexation of micelles with polymers, the solubilization of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and the selective and synergistic solubilization of hydrocarbon mixtures.
Coding sequence, chromosomal localization, and expression pattern of Nrf1: the mouse homolog of Drosophila erect wing.

In Drosophila, the erect wing (ewg) protein is required for proper development of the central nervous system and the indirect flight muscles. The fly ewg gene encodes a novel DNA-binding domain that is also found in four genes previously identified in sea urchin, chicken, zebrafish, and human. To identify mouse ewg homologs, we designed degenerate primers to the conserved DNA-binding domain. The RT-PCR product obtained from mRNA of the mouse muscle cell line C2C12 was used to screen cDNA libraries; a single gene was identified which encodes a predicted 503 amino acid protein. The mouse ewg homolog, termed Nrf1, was mapped to proximal Chr 6. By RT-PCR and Northern analysis, Nrf1 was expressed in all tissues examined, and Northern analysis on adult tissues revealed a complex banding pattern suggesting extensive alternative splicing. Nrf1 hybridized to mRNA transcripts at approximately 2.2 kb, 4.0 kb, 4.4 kb, and 5.0 kb, with additional tissue-specific transcripts at 1.5 kb in testis, 1.9 kb in lung, and 3.7 kb in skeletal muscle. In situ hybridization on whole-mount E9–10.5 embryos showed a broad pattern of expression, with the highest levels of expression in the central nervous system, somites, first branchial arch, optic vesicle, and otic vesicle.
Tracheostomy scar revision

Tracheostomy tube placement is a common procedure performed in patients with severe maxillofacial trauma. Many patients that do not require emergent intubation will require an elective tracheostomy at the time of maxillomandibular fixation and fracture repair due to oropharyngeal edema. After recovery and decanulation, these patients often have a resulting tracheostomy scar that is hypertrophy and discolored. The scar may be adherent (or tethered) to the underlying trachea which can be uncomfortable during swallowing. The objectives of surgical revision of a tracheostomy scar are to improve the appearance and symptoms of tracheocutaneous tethering. A variety of standard scar revision techniques are employed to fill the depressed scar and to separate the skin from the tracheal scar with mobilized strap muscles or grafting material, such as cadaveric acellular dermis.
Electric field-induced proton transfer in oxidized silicon: An EPR study

Abstract Activation of paramagnetic P b centers at the Si/SiO 2 interface by thermal and electrical stress has been studied in relation to oxide H 2 O. Activation of P b by high negative electric field ⩾ 13 MV cm −1 is maximized with damp oxides grown in O 2 + 0.1% H 2 O; it is negligible in very dry oxides, very wet oxides, or H-passivated dry oxides. Samples with easy field-induced activation show easy thermal activation at ⩽ 400°C in any ambient atmosphere. Activation is accompanied by creation of positive charges near the interface. Prolonged annealing at ⩽ 400°C passivates P b and hardens the sample against activation. The optimum- [H 2 O] effect suggests a two-stage reaction via an H 3 O + intermediate in which a proton is transferred from H-S  Si 3 to a nearby basic site B in the oxide, resulting in · Si  Si 3 at the interface and BH + or BH 3 O + sites in the oxide. The basic site may be a variant of H 2 O chemisorption sites which cannot be easily restored after dehydration. A converse reaction, in which H 2 would be released, may explain certain types of radiation-activated generation of P b centers.
Evolving responsively: adaptive mutation

A basic principle of genetics is that the likelihood that a particular mutation occurs is independent of its phenotypic consequences. The concept of adaptive mutation seemed to challenge this principle with the discoveries of mutations stimulated by stress, some of which allow adaptation to the stress. The emerging mechanisms of adaptive genetic change cast evolution, development and heredity into a new perspective, indicating new models for the genetic changes that fuel these processes.
Teaching teamwork and communication in engineering: Strategies and Opportunities

Teamwork and communication skills are essential to engineering practice, but often play a tenuous role in engineering coursework. In this workshop, we explore the role that faculty beliefs play in curriculum decisions around the teaching and learning of these skills. In particular, we explore the ways that values, competence, and autonomy influence faculty practice, and discuss opportunities to enhance professional practice through reflection upon those beliefs.
Optoelectronic data filter for selection and projection

Database processing, like the majority of nonnumerical applications, exhibits a high degree of functional parallelism but does not require complex operations; therefore it is amenable to optical solutions. The architecture of an optoelectronic filter that is capable of performing selection and projection operations on a two-dimensional data array in a relational database environment is presented. The system receives input from a parallel optical memory, one page at a time, and performs logic operations by using optoelectronic smart pixels based on heterostructure phototransistors and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Combinations of and and xor gates are used to realize row–column masking and comparisons of input data against user-supplied search arguments. The main goal of the filter is to reduce the effective data rate between the highly parallel optical storage and the low input data rate conventional electronic computer, thus efficiently interfacing currently available photonic and electronic technologies.
Interaction assessment: Rationale and a test using desert plants

A non-manipulative method for deriving empirical expressions of population growth parameters from simple field data is presented. The derived expressions can be used to assess the intensity and form of density dependence and interspecies interactions, and have potential for parameterizing more mechanistic models of population dynamics and for use in applied ecology, e.g. land management or environmental risk assessment. The method is based on an assertion of invariant expected fitness across occupied microhabitats. Hence, its success depends upon the degree to which that assertion holds. The assertion, as used here, is broadly applicable. Thus, the method can be expected to yield reliable results even in nonequilibrium communities. Here, we apply the method to data on six desert plant species. Expressions generated from data in one stand, in one year, successfully predict plant cover values in other stands and years. The predicted patterns of plant species interactions are discussed in the light of current knowledge and theories of desert succession.
Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of rebeccamycin (NSC 655649) in nonhuman primates

Purpose The rebeccamycins, indolocarbazole topoisomerase I poisons originally discovered in actinomycetes, have shown activity in vitro against a range of adult and pediatric tumors. The derivative NSC 655649 (diethylaminoethyl analog of rebeccamycin, or DEAE rebeccamycin) is currently undergoing early-phase human studies and has shown some signs of antitumor activity. We studied the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics of NSC 655649 after systemic administration in a nonhuman primate model that is predictive of anticancer drug behavior in humans.
Random matrix theory models of electric grid topology

Abstract The random matrix theory is useful in the study of large systems such as electric grids. These transmission systems can be modeled as complex networks, with high-voltage lines the edges that connect nodes representing power plants and substations. We draw upon established literature of complex systems theory and introduce methods from nuclear and statistical physics to identify new characteristics of these networks. We show that most grids can be characterized by the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble, an indicator of chaos in many complex systems. Under certain circumstances, however, grids may be described by Poisson statistics, an indicator of regularity. We use the random matrix formalism to describe the interconnection of multiple grids and construct a simple model of a distributed grid.
NSF Funding Opportunities for Political Science Research

Science Ph.D. and M.A. Programs 1985, APSA, 1985, p. 1. Graduate Students and Faculty in Political Science Ph.D. and M.A. Programs 1986, APSA, 1986, p. 1. Graduate Students and Faculty in Political Science Ph.D. and M.A. Programs 1987, APSA, 1987, p. 1. Graduate Students and Faculty in Political Science Ph.D. and M.A. Programs 1988, APSA, 1988, p. 1. Graduate Students and Faculty in Political Science Ph.D. and M.A. Programs 1989, APSA, 1989, p. 1. Graduate Students and Faculty in Political Science Ph.D. and M.A. Programs 1990, APSA, 1990, p. 1. Graduate Students and Faculty in Political Science Ph.D. and M.A. Programs 1991, APSA, 1991, p. 1. Highlights From the 1990 Survey of Earned Doctorates, National Research Council. Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel, 2101 Constitution Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20418. Preston, Michael and Maurice Woodard. 1984. "The Rise and Decline of Black Political Scientists in the Profession," PS, Fall, pp. 787-92. Preston, Michael and Maurice Woodard. 1990. "Blacks in Public Administration: An Endangered Species," in Public Administration: The State of the Discipline, edited by Naomi Lynn and Aaron Wildavsky, Chatham House Publishers, Inc. Programs in Public Affairs and Administration, 1988 Directory, NASPAA, 1988. Ralph Bunche Summer Institute Brochure, APSA, 1992. Somit, Albert and Joseph Tanenhaus. 1967. The Development of American Political Science. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Stone, Alice B. and Donald Stone. 1976. "Early Development of Education," in Public Administration: Past, Present, Future, edited by Frederick C. Mosher. Survey of Public Affairs and Administration Programs: Academic Year 1988-1989, NASPAA, 1989. Waldo, Dwight. 1981. The Enterprise of Public Administration. New York: Chandler and Sharp. Woodard, Maurice and Michael Preston. 1985. "Black Political Scientists: Where Are the New Ph.D.s?" PS, Winter, pp. 80-88.
LONGITUDINAL GRADIENTS OF ION TRANSPORT IN CORN ROOTS

Excised roots of corn, 8 cm long, were mounted for collection of xylem exudate, submerged in aerated, labeled salt solutions, and left while steady-state exudation developed. After 19 hr, additional portions of the roots were removed and all apical ends which had been severed were sealed with wax. Collection of exudate samples began 1 hr later and continued for 8 hr. The results showed that removal of only 1 cm from the apex of the root reduced the output of rubidium to the exudate by as much as 74%. They also showed that the longitudinal changes in ion contribution to the exudate were not linear, but were closely correlated with the longitudinal gradient of Rb content in the root. THE POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIPS between water
Knowledge discovery using a neural network simultaneous optimization algorithm on a real world classification problem

Abstract Artificial neural networks have been shown to perform well for two-group classification problems. However, current research has yet to determine a method for identifying relevant input variables in the neural network model for real world classification problems. The common practice in neural network research is to include all available input variables that could possibly contribute to the model without determination of whether they help in estimating the unknown function. One problem with this avenue of neural network research is the inability to extract the knowledge that could be useful to researchers by identifying those input variables that contribute to estimating the true underlying function of the data. A method has been proposed in past research, the Neural Network Simultaneous Optimization Algorithm (NNSOA), which was shown to be successful for a limited number of continuous problems. This research proposes using the NNSOA on a real world classification problem that not only finds good solutions for estimating unknown functions, but can also correctly identify those variables that contribute to the model.
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia Is Linked to Right Hemispheric Peri-Insular Stroke

Purpose Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) is a major complication of stroke. We sought to determine associations between infarction of specific brain regions and HAP. Methods 215 consecutive acute stroke patients with HAP (2003–2009) were carefully matched with 215 non-pneumonia controls by gender, then NIHSS, then age. Admission imaging and binary masks of infarction were registered to MNI-152 space. Regional atlas and voxel-based log-odds were calculated to assess the relationship between infarct location and the likelihood of HAP. An independently validated penalized conditional logistic regression model was used to identify HAP associated imaging regions. Results The HAP and control patients were well matched by gender (100%), age (95% within 5-years), NIHSS (98% within 1-point), infarct size, dysphagia, and six other clinical variables. Right hemispheric infarcts were more frequent in patients with HAP versus controls (43.3% vs. 34.0%, p = 0.054), whereas left hemispheric infarcts were more frequent in controls (56.7% vs. 44.7%, p = 0.012); there was no significant difference between groups in the rate of brainstem strokes (p = 1.0). Of the 10 most infarcted regions, only right insular cortex volume was different in HAP versus controls (20 vs. 12 ml, p = 0.02). In univariate analyses, the highest log-odds regions for pneumonia were right hemisphere, cerebellum, and brainstem. The best performing multivariate model selected 7 brain regions of infarction and 2 infarct volume-based variables independently associated with HAP. Conclusions HAP is associated with right hemispheric peri-insular stroke. These associations may be related to autonomic modulation of immune mechanisms, supporting recent hypotheses of stroke mediated immune suppression.
Evaluation of Ultrafiltration and Adsorption to Debitter Grapefruit Juice and Grapefruit Pulp Wash

Grapefruit juice and grapefruit pulp wash were ultrafiltered and debittered with a pilot system. The flow rate through the membrane increased with the transmembrane pressure up to 137.8 kPa. Limonin in grapefruit juice and grapefruit pulp wash was completely removed. The debittering process was tested at 13, 27 and 48°C. Limonin removal efficiency was independent of temperature between 13 and 48°C. However the resin column was exhausted more rapidly for na-ringin, narirutin, hesperidin, and neohesperidin particularly at 13°C. Taste panel results suggested that debittering of grapefruit pulp wash appreciably increased its flavor acceptability.
Stereoselective ring-opening of β-D-mannopyranose 1,2-(alkyl orthoacetates)☆

Abstract The stability towards alkali of the 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-β- D -mannose 1,2-(alkyl orthoacetates) provides a route to the corresponding 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-β- D -mannose 1,2-(alkyl orthoacetates). Alkyl groups that have been incorporated onto the orthoacetate ring include methyl, isopropyl, and cyclohexyl. 3,4,6-Tri-O-benzyl-β- D -mannose 1,2-(methyl orthoacetate) (2) was hydrolyzed to 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl- D -mannose; periodate oxidation converted this compound into 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl- D -arabinose. Methanolysis of 2 led to methyl 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-α- D -mannoside (5) in high yield; methylation of 5, followed by debenzyiation and acetylation, afforded crystalline methyl 2-O-methyl-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-α- D -mannoside. An acid-catalyzed, stereoselective rearrangement of the 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-β- D -mannose 1,2-(alkyl orthoacetates) was observed. The resulting products were demonstrated to be the corresponding alkyl 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-α- D -mannosides.
Sims studies of the adsorption of O2, CO and CO2 on titanium using low primary energies

Abstract The influence of the adsorption of O 2 , CO and CO 2 on secondary ion yields from titanium has been examined using 500 eV primary argon ions. Secondary ion energy distributions were also measured. Electron-induced desorption was used as an auxiliary technique. For oxygen adsorption there is agreement with measurements using other techniques and the adsorption process is shown to occur in two stages, an initial rapid chemisorption regime followed by an oxide regime. For carbon monoxide adsorption, the measurements suggest that dissociation does not occur significantly at room temperature. For CO 2 , the results are more complex. Complete dissociation seems unlikely but there may be partial dissociation. Some tentative generalizations are made concenrning the influence of adsorption on secondary ion yields.
Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein protects cells against locostatin-mediated inhibition of migration.

Background Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein (RKIP, also PEBP1), a member of the Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein family, negatively regulates growth factor signaling by the Raf/MAP kinase pathway. Since an organic compound, locostatin, was reported to bind RKIP and inhibit cell migration by a Raf-dependent mechanism, we addressed the role of RKIP in locostatin function. Methods/findings We analyzed locostatin interaction with RKIP and examined the biological consequences of locostatin binding on RKIP function. NMR studies show that a locostatin precursor binds to the conserved phosphatidylethanolamine binding pocket of RKIP. However, drug binding to the pocket does not prevent RKIP association with its inhibitory target, Raf-1, nor affect RKIP phosphorylation by Protein Kinase C at a regulatory site. Similarly, exposure of wild type, RKIP-depleted HeLa cells or RKIP-deficient (RKIP(-/-)) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to locostatin has no effect on MAP kinase activation. Locostatin treatment of wild type MEFs causes inhibition of cell migration following wounding. RKIP deficiency impairs migration further, indicating that RKIP protects cells against locostatin-mediated inhibition of migration. Locostatin treatment of depleted or RKIP(-/-) MEFs reveals cytoskeletal disruption and microtubule abnormalities in the spindle. Conclusions/significance These results suggest that locostatin's effects on cytoskeletal structure and migration are caused through mechanisms independent of its binding to RKIP and Raf/MAP kinase signaling. The protective effect of RKIP against drug inhibition of migration suggests a new role for RKIP in potentially sequestering toxic compounds that may have deleterious effects on cells.
Available Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Technology

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an alternative and now recommended therapy for patients who meet indications for surgical valve replacement and are high or prohibitive surgical risk. Available TAVR technologies are rapidly emerging to treat this complex patient population. This review discusses the specific valve designs of the transcatheter heart valves currently used, newer generation modifications to overcome limitations of earlier valve designs, and novel imaging modalities, such as computed tomographic angiography-fluoroscopy and echocardiography-fluoroscopy fusion imaging, available for pre-procedural planning and intra-procedural guidance.
High-brightness, stable electron beams from a laser wakefield accelerator operating in the matched regime

400MeV quasi-monoenergetic electron beams are produced from a wakefield driven by 70 TW, 30 fs laser pulses. To our knowledge, these beams have the highest brightness to date from any laser accelerator, and 1–2% stability.