cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PENILE DISASSEMBLY TECHNIQUE FOR EPISPADIAS REPAIR: VARIANTS OF TECHNIQUE

AbstractPurpose: We present 2 variants of the penile disassembly technique for epispadias repair that refine some details of the Mitchell technique. In some cases the urethral plate retracts and shortens, and there may be poor vascularization at the most distal portion. In addition, when the neurovascular bundles of the separated hemicorporeal glanular bodies are intact, it is difficult to achieve excellent correction of dorsal chordee.Materials and Methods: Between 1995 and 1998 we performed the modified Mitchell technique in 11 boys 2 to 14 years old using 1 of 2 variants. For variant 1 the hemiglans and urethral plate remain connected by a small tissue bridge to avoid shortening the urethral plate and ensure a better blood supply. For variant 2 each corporeal body is dissected from the glans cap and neurovascular bundle to achieve complete mobility. This procedure enables ideal mobility of the corporeal bodies as well as curvature repair. When corporeal rotation was unsuccessful, we corrected persisten...
Multiplicity Formula for Cubic Unipotent Arthur Packets

In an earlier article with Gurevich and Jiang [GGJ], we constructed the cubic unipotent Arthur packets of the exceptional group G 2 and showed that the discrete multiplicities of the representations in these packets are at least those predicted by Arthur's multiplicity formula. In this article, we establish the multiplicity formula by showing the reverse inequality. We also show that the parts of the discrete spectrum described by some of these packets are full near-equivalence classes
Software Controlled Memories for Scalable Many-Core Architectures

Technology scaling along with the ever evolving demand for media-rich software stacks have motivated the need for many-core platforms. With the increase in compute power and its inherent demand for high memory bandwidth comes the need for vast amounts of on-chip memory space. Thus, designers must carefully provision the memory real-estate to meet their application's needs. It has been shown in the embedded systems domain that both software controlled memories (e.g., scratchpad memories) and hardware-controlled memories (e.g., caches) have their pros and cons, some application domains such as multimedia fit very well in the software-controlled memory model, while other domains such as databases work well with caches. As a result, efficient memory management is extremely critical as it has a great impact on the system's power consumption and throughput. Traditional memory hierarchies primarily consist of SRAM-based on-chip caches, however, with the emergence of non-volatile memories (NVMs) and mixed-criticality systems, on-chip memories will be heterogeneous, not only in type (cache vs. scratchpad) but also in technology (e.g., SRAM vs. NVM). This paper surveys the state of the art in memory subsystems for many-core platforms, and presents strategies for efficiently managing software-controlled memories in the many-core domain, while addressing the various challenges designers face in deploying such memory subsystems (e.g., sharing the memory resources, accounting for variations in the subsystem, etc.).
Object-oriented design: exception handling and copying

Abstract This paper presents a solution to a problem of preventing software exceptions that arise when copying software components developed for one domain into software structures in a similar but somewhat different domain. This particular problem has not been previously addressed in the design of object-oriented languages whose intent is to enhance software reuse. New object-oriented structures are presented along with a solution to this problem, using the new properties of inheritance relation in copyable and out copyable. An effective method is presented for identifying and assessing potential errors in a given object-oriented structure due to copying of objects and classes into such an object-oriented structure, using an axiomatic semantic object structure approach.
Interfacial Electron Transfer in FeII(CN)64-−Sensitized TiO2 Nanoparticles: A Study of Direct Charge Injection by Electroabsorption Spectroscopy

Electroabsorption (Stark) spectroscopy has been used to study the dye sensitized interfacial electron transfer in an Fe^(II)(CN)_6^(4-) donor complex bound to a TiO_2 nanoparticle. The average charge-transfer distance determined from the Stark spectra is 5.3 A. This value is similar to the estimated distance between the Fe^(II) center of the complex and the Ti^(IV) surface site coordinated to the nitrogen end of a bridging CN ligand in (CN)_5Fe^(II)−CN−Ti^(IV)(particle). This finding suggests that the electron injection is to either an individual titanium surface site or a small number of Ti centers localized around the point of ferrocyanide coordination to the particle and not into a conduction band orbital delocalized over the nanoparticle. The polarizability change, Tr(Δα), between the ground and the excited states of the Fe^(II)(CN)_6^(4-)−TiO_2(particle) system is ∼3 time larger than normally observed in mixed-valence dinuclear metal complexes. It is proposed that the large polarizability of the excited state increases the dipole-moment changes measured by Stark spectroscopy.
Wellenmechanik und Irreversibilität

Bekanntlich last sich die Nichtumkehrbarkeit thermodynamibcher Vorgange aus der reversiblen klassischen Mechanik nur ableiten, wenn man statistische Zusatzannahmen macht. In der Quantentheorie bilden Wahrscheinlichkeitssatze dagegen einen Teil der Grundlagen selbst, sodas sich die Irreversibilitat hier in viel ungezwungenerer Weise ergibt. Trotzdem mochten wir einige methodische Bemerkungen zu diesem Thema machen. Heutzutage ist „die Quantenmechanik” mit ihrer Dualitat, qp-Unbestimmt- heit und Komplementaritat, und mit ihren nicht-vertauschbaren Operatoren und komplexen ψ-Funktionen eine so alltagliche Angelegenheit geworden, das man es als eine zum Boltzmannschen Problem analoge Aufgabe ansieht, die Nichtumkehrbarkeit jetzt aus der neuen Mechanik abzuleiten. Das heist aber doch, die Analogie zum klassischen Problem etwas zu weit treiben. Fur Boltzmann und seine Nachfolger war es in der Tat eine sinnvolle Aufgabe, von der mathematisch und begrifflich einfachen Mechanik uber den in ihrem Rahmen recht fraglichen statistischen Grundansatz $$dN_i /dt = \Sigma _i (N_j w_{ji} - N_i w_{ij} )$$ mit symmetrischen $$(w_{ij} = w_{ji} )$$ zur Thermodynamik vorzudringen. Heute will man dagegen von der sehr fremdartig en Quantenmechanik ausgehen und aus ihr den im Quantenrahmen gar nicht problematischen statistischen Grundansatz und damit die Nichtumkehrbarkeit herleiten.
Metabolic and proliferative responses to estrogen by hepatocytes selected for plasma membrane binding-sites specific for estradiol-17beta.

Hepatocytes were isolated by established procedures from freshly-excised livers of ovariectomized rats. Integrity of the cells was verified by DNA, protein, and calcium contents, and by dye exclusion. The cells also showed progressive increments in oxidation to 14CO2 of [26-14C]cholesterol during one to five hours' incubation. Analysis was undertaken of cellular reactivities toward estrogen and the hepatocarcinogen dibutylnitrosamine (DBN). Binding and retention of [3H]estradiol-17β (E2β) by isolated liver cells was specific for E2β, saturable, temperature-dependent, and maximal after 30-minute incubation. The apparent dissociation constant for the binding process at 22°C is 2 × 10−9 M, and the total number of binding-sites at saturation corresponds to approximately 3,400 E2β molecules per liver cell. To probe for steroid binding-sites at their external surfaces, cells were incubated 30 minutes with mounted 17β-estradiol-17-hemisuccinyl:albumin:nylon fibers. The covalentlyimmobilized estrogen (1 ng/mg albumin) was accessible for interaction with antiserum directed against 17β-estradiol-17-hemisuccinyl:albumin. Significant numbers of isolated liver cells were retained by estrogen-derivatized fibers at 22°C after extensive washes. Binding was markedly reduced by incubation at 4°C and by prior exposure to free E2β (× 10−8 M), but not to the relatively inert estradiol-17α (E2α). Fiber-bound cells could be dislodged by brief incubation in 150 mOsM saline with 2 × 10−7 M E2β or diethylstilbestrol, but not E2α, cortisol, progesterone, or testosterone, and recovered intact. Cells that had been retained by the fibers and those that were not adherent were collected and washed under identical conditions, then plated in serum-free, chemically-defined medium at 37°C. After 72 hours, specific binding of E2β by the fiber-binding cells during 30 minutes' incubation was 2.5-fold that of cells which had not bound the immobilized steroid. Similarly, stimulation of the oxidation to 14CO2 of [26-14C]cholesterol by E2β was greater in fiber-binding than in non-binding liver cells after three hours' incubation. In the absence of added mitogen, thymidine incorporation into macromolecular form (20 hours), and cell proliferation (48 hours) were significantly greater in fiber-binding cells as compared to non-binding hepatocytes. Moreover, in parallel experiments, when cells were exposed to 1 × 10−9 M estrogens or to 1 × 10−4 M nitrosamines to assess the capacities of these substances to increase basal thymidine incorporation, total DNA, and cell numbers, only those cells with estrogen-binding sites at their surfaces showed significant E2β- and DBN-induced increments in these parameters as compared with paired controls that had been treated with E2α or the noncarcinogen diphenylnitrosamine. These data indicate that the accessibility of hormone-binding components at the plasma membrane may contribute to the capacity of a given liver cell to respond to E2β, as well as to other known hepatocarcinogens.
Utility-aware deferred load balancing in the cloud driven by dynamic pricing of electricity

Distributed computing resources in a cloud computing environment provides an opportunity to reduce energy and its cost by shifting loads in response to dynamically varying availability of energy. This variation in electrical power availability is represented in its dynamically changing price that can be used to drive workload deferral against performance requirements. But such deferral may cause user dissatisfaction. In this paper, we quantify the impact of deferral on user satisfaction and utilize flexibility from the service level agreements (SLAs) for deferral to adapt with dynamic price variation. We differentiate among the jobs based on their requirements for responsiveness and schedule them for energy saving while meeting deadlines and user satisfaction. Representing utility as decaying functions along with workload deferral, we make a balance between loss of user satisfaction and energy efficiency. We model delay as decaying functions and guarantee that no job violates the maximum deadline, and we minimize the overall energy cost. Our simulation on MapReduce traces show that energy consumption can be reduced by ~15%, with such utility-aware deferred load balancing. We also found that considering utility as a decaying function gives better cost reduction than load balancing with a fixed deadline.
Interferon-γ assays in the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis: a systematic review

Summary A major challenge in tuberculosis control is the diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. Until recently, there were no alternatives to the tuberculin skin test (TST) for diagnosing latent tuberculosis. However, an alternative has now emerged in the form of a new in-vitro test: the interferon-γ assay. We did a systematic review to assess the performance of interferon-γ assays in the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis. By searching databases, contacting experts and test manufacturers, we identified 75 relevant studies. The results suggest that interferon-γ assays that use Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific region of difference 1 (RD1) antigens (such as early secretory antigenic target 6 and culture filtrate protein 10) may have advantages over the TST, in terms of higher specificity, better correlation with exposure to M tuberculosis, and less cross-reactivity due to BCG vaccination and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection. However, interferon-γ assays that use RD1 antigens in isolation may maximise specificity at the cost of sensitivity. Assays that use cocktails of RD1 antigens seem to overcome this problem, and such assays have the highest accuracy. RD1-based interferon-γ assays can potentially identify those with latent tuberculosis who are at high risk for developing active disease, but this requires confirmation. There is inadequate evidence on the value of interferon-γ assays in the management of immunocompromised individuals, children, patients with extrapulmonary or non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease, and populations in countries where tuberculosis is endemic. Current evidence suggests that interferon-γ assays based on cocktails of RD1 antigens have the potential to become useful diagnostic tools. Whether this potential can be realised in practice remains to be confirmed in well designed, long-term studies.
Review: people with epilepsy have higher risk of death by drowning than the general population.

QUESTION In people with epilepsy, what is the risk of death by drowning? REVIEW SCOPE Included studies reported number of deaths by drowning or provided all causes of death in people with epilepsy, and information to estimate person-years at risk. Studies focusing exclusively on rare syndromes {including West syndrome and severe idiopathic generalised epilepsy of infancy}* or on people presenting with status epilepticus alone, or that recorded no deaths were excluded. Outcome was death by drowning. REVIEW METHODS Medline, 7 specialist journals, and reference lists were searched for cohort studies. 51 cohort studies (n = 32 765, based on 50 studies) with 206 596 … The review includes studies that reported number of deaths by drowning or provided all causes of death in people with epilepsy, and information to estimate person years at risk. Studies that focused on rate syndromes or on people presenting with status epilepticus were excluded.
Push–Pull Mechanism of Hydrodenitrogenation over Silica-Supported MoP, WP, and MoS2 Hydroprocessing Catalysts

The mechanism of liquid-phase catalytic hydrodenitrogenation at 3.1 MPa on silica-supported molybdenum phosphide, MoP/SiO2, and tungsten phosphide, WP/SiO2, was studied using a series of pentylamines of different structures. The reactivity pattern suggested that removal of nitrogen occurred primarily by an E2 elimination mechanism involving acidic and base sites on the catalyst surfaces in a push–pull process. Infrared spectroscopy and temperature-programmed reaction studies of ethylamine indicated that alkyl ammonium species formed on Bronsted acid sites were intermediates in the reaction. Similar results were obtained with a reference MoS2/SiO2 sample tested at the same conditions. This suggested that sulfur was probably present on the active surface and assisted in the removal of sulfur.
Crystal Growth of RuAl-base Alloys

Different techniques to produce single crystals of RuAl were investigated. Processing from the melt is problematic due to the rapid loss of Al. However, very large grained RuAl specimens can be produced from the solid-state by arc-zone melting. Directional solidification of eutectic alloys is less problematic due to the lower melting temperature. Alloys of RuAl-Mo were found to be eutectic, and the eutectic composition was determined to be RuAl-51 wt% Mo.
Twenty Years of Unrelated Donor Bone Marrow Transplantation for Pediatric Acute Leukemia Facilitated by the National Marrow Donor Program

Abstract The National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) has facilitated unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplants for more than 20 years. In this time period, there have been many changes in clinical practice, including improvements in HLA typing and supportive care, and changes in the source of stem cells. Availability of banked unrelated donor cord blood (incorporated into the NMDP registry in 2000) as a source of stem cells has become an important option for children with leukemia, offering the advantages of immediate availability for children with high-risk disease, the need for a lesser degree of HLA match, and expanding access for those with infrequent HLA haplotypes. Overall survival (OS) in children with acute leukemia transplanted with unrelated donor bone marrow (BM) is markedly better in more recent years, largely attributable to less treatment-related mortality (TRM). Within this cohort, 2-year survival was markedly better for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in first complete response (CR1) (74%) versus second complete response (CR2) (62%) or more advanced disease (33%). Similar findings are observed with patients with AML, suggesting earlier referral to bone marrow transplant (BMT) is optimal for survival. Notably, this improvement over time was not observed in unmodified peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) recipients, suggesting unmodified PBSC may not be the optimal stem cell source for children.
The four Pauls and their letters: a study in personality-critical analysis

The Pauline letters have become categorised into two groups: those seven which are generally considered to be genuine and another six over which there remains controversy. This paper aims, firstly, to use personality typing techniques to test the homogeneity of the genuine letters and reveal the full personality of Paul. Then, secondly, it aims to analyse each individual letter in the second group in order to classify the authors. It has identified a reasonable consistency in the genuine letters and has shown Paul to be an ESTJ. This explains his strengths (zeal, teaching, shepherding), needs (control and clarity of role) and Achilles heel (criticism). The study of the remaining letters has revealed three authors: Deutero-Paul who, as an INFP, was eminently suited to continue and expand Paul's writings to produce both Colossians and Ephesians, Trito-Paul, another ESTJ, who wrote 2 Thessalonians and Tetarto-Paul, an ISTJ, who wrote the Pastorals. All three, like Proto-Paul himself, strove to keep their chu...