cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency in US adults

Mounting evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency could be linked to several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its correlates to test the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency was common in the US population, especially in certain minority groups. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 to 2006 data were analyzed for vitamin D levels in adult participants (N = 4495). Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations ≤20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L). The overall prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency was 41.6%, with the highest rate seen in blacks (82.1%), followed by Hispanics (69.2%). Vitamin D deficiency was significantly more common among those who had no college education, were obese, with a poor health status, hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, or not consuming milk daily (all P < .001). Multivariate analyses showed that being from a non-white race, not college educated, obese, having low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, poor health, and no daily milk consumption were all significantly, independently associated with vitamin D deficiency (all P < .05). In summary, vitamin D deficiency was common in the US population, especially among blacks and Hispanics. Given that vitamin D deficiency is linked to some of the important risk factors of leading causes of death in the United States, it is important that health professionals are aware of this connection and offer dietary and other intervention strategies to correct vitamin D deficiency, especially in minority groups.
Parallax multi-viewer autostereoscopic three-dimensional display

It is a widely held belief that in the long run, three-dimensional (3D) display should supply stereo to multiple viewers without wearing any viewing aids and free to move. Over the last few decades, great e®orts have been made to approach auto-stereoscopic (AS) display for multiple viewers. Spatial multiplexing technique has ¯rst been employed to accommodate multiple viewers simultaneously in stereoscopic planar display. However, resolution of each view image decreases as the number of viewers increases. Recent development of high-speed liquid crystal display (LCD), which is capable of operating 240-Hz frame rate, makes feasible multi-viewer display via time multiplexing and improving image quality at the same time. In this paper, we propose a display adjustment algorithm that enables high-quality auto-stereoscopic display for multiple viewers. The proposed method relies on spatio-temporal parallax barrier to channel desired stereo pair to corresponding viewers according to their locations. We subsequently conduct simulations that demonstrate the e®ectiveness of the proposed method.
On the tensile properties of a fiber reinforced titanium matrix composite—I. Unnotched behavior

Abstract An investigation of the ultimate tensile strength and fracture strain of a fiber-reinforced Ti-matrix composite has been conducted. Comparisons have been made between experimental measurements and predictions of two micromechanical models: one assumes that the fibers behave independently of the matrix, i.e. as in a dry fiber bundle, and the other assumes frictional coupling between the fibers and the matrix, characterized by a constant interfacial sliding stress. To conduct such comparisons, a number of constituent properties have been measured, including the fiber strength distribution, the thermal residual stress and the interfacial sliding stress. In addition, the effects of gauge length on the tensile properties of the composite have been studied. The comparisons indicate that the model prediction based on frictional coupling provide a good representation of the experimental results. In constrast, predictions based on the dry fiber bundle approach strongly underestimate both the ultimate strength and the fracture strain and predict a gaunge length dependence that is inconsistent with the experiments.
A semi-empirical model for cell kill kinetics during hyperthermia

Abstract A three-parameter mathematical model is developed which describes the available data on cell-kill kinetics during hyperthermia. The sub-exponential behaviour of the kinetics suggests that the cell-kill is not a one-step process.
Green mass finishing with dry abrasive and polishing media

Summary Dry media mass finishing processes can be used to produce refined edge and surface effects. These processes are not as well known as conventional processes that make use of aqueous solutions in concert with abrasive media. Although not universal in potential applications, these materials and methods should be investigated as a potential method for green finishing by companies seeking to avoid rather than treat wet waste discharge from mass finishing operations.
Critical Sociology of Science and Scientific Validity

Critical sociology of science, in conjunction with an emancipatory epistemology, focuses attention on the social and especially value aspects of validity and objectivity. This is the foundation for our arguments concerning the relevance of the sociology of science for explaining and understanding science, and for fashioning science policy. After outlining the basic features of critical sociology of science and emancipatory epistemology, we explore their implications for the problem of validity in applied social science research. Drawing on research on the use of illegal drugs, we argue that Campbell's suggestions regarding how to define research problems and treat qualitative methods, as well as other aspects of his "sociology of scientific validity, " may improve validity in the sense of achieving consensus and vigor within specialties. More generally, however, his program may inhibit progress in developing accurate, objective knowledge of science and society. Formal policy research is inevitably ideolog...
Sequence variants in the 3'-->5' deoxyribonuclease TREX2: identification in a genetic screen and effects on catalysis by the recombinant proteins.

Fred W. Perrino*, Anna Krol, Scott Harvey, S. Lilly Zheng, David A. Horita, Thomas Hollis, Deborah A. Meyers, William B. Isaacs, Jianfeng Xu Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA Brady Urological Institute Research Laboratories, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
Effective Strategic Planning Roles for Anthropologists

Applied and practicing anthropologists often provide program evaluations to nonprofit, governmental, corporate and community organizations. They compete well with practitioners from many other disciplines for these opportunities to design research protocols, gather and analyze data, and report their conclusions and recommendations. These evaluations are often used by organizations to justify project funding, and to make policy and planning decisions. It is often the case, however, that the evaluator sees the project only as an isolated evaluation or research contract, not knowing its relationship to the organization's larger purpose in the strategic planning or management system.
Mechanistic possibilities in prebiotic thiophosphate chemistry

The two types of thiophosphate reactivities were studied in a system that involves reactions of 5'-substituted adenosine derivatives. In this system, both nucleophilic displacement on carbon and P-S cleavage are possible. The products and possible mechanisms of cyclization experiments involving different leaving groups are reported. The data indicate superior reactivity of the 3'-OH of the ribonucleoside, although in most other systems the 2'-OH is found to show superior reactivity. It is suggested that thiophosphates might play a role in prebiotic activation and phosphorylation reactions.
Iron induction of electrophoretically different ferritins in rat liver, heart and kidney.

Abstract 1. 1.|Disc electrophoresis on 5% polyacrylamide gels of ferritins isolated from rat heart and kidney showed 2 major ferritin bands present in heart and 1 in kidney. One of the heart bands could not be distinguished from that of rat liver ferritin while the other, present in equal amount, migrated faster. The heart bands also differed antigenically. The kidney band migrated faster than rat liver ferritin but slower than the “fast” heart ferritin band. Consequently, it appears that the rat genome may code for more than 1 species of ferritin protein. 2. 2.|Administration of iron dextran to rats 1 week or 6 weeks prior to killing increased the concentrations of these ferritins 7- and 3.5-fold in heart and kidney, respectively, while liver ferritin increased 6-fold. Concentrations of ferritin iron in heart and kidney also increased but not to the same extent as ferritin protein. As a result, the iron saturation of induced ferritin was less in these tissues but that of liver ferritin did not change.
Thermodynamics of multi-temperature fluids with applications to turbulence modelling

Abstract The thermodynamics of a fluid with several distinct temperatures is considered. The balance laws are studied and a set of linear constitutive equations is derived; equations of motion are obtained and discussed. The application of the developed theory to turbulence modelling is studied and results are shown to be consistent with the one-equation models of turbulence. The thermodynamics of turbulence is also briefly discussed.
Speed-up of optical scanner characterization subsystem

Small image deformations such as those introduced by optical scanners significantly reduce the accuracy rate of optical character recognition (OCR) software. Characterization of the scanner used in the OCR process may diminish the impact on recognition rates. Theoretical methods have been developed to characterize a scanner based on the bi-level image resulting from scanning a high contrast document. Two bottlenecks in the naive implementation of these algorithms have been identified, and techniques were developed to improve the execution time of the software. The algorithms are described and analyzed. Since approximations are used in one of the techniques, the error of the approximations is examined.
Deformation and fracture behavior of electrocodeposited alumina nanoparticle/copper composite films

Electrocodeposition of alumina nanoparticles and copper thin film on silicon wafers was performed. The volume fraction of the nanoparticle is about 5% and the size is about 50 nm. Comparison between the static tensile behaviors of specimens with and without nanoparticles reveals that the Young’s modulus is significantly increased by incorporating nanoparticles into the copper film. However, the ultimate tensile strength of the nanocomposite (235 MPa) is slightly lower than that of the pure copper reference specimen (250 MPa). For the nanocomposite, the strain at failure is 7.8%, which is lower than that of the pure copper film (10.5%). Distinct microscale deformation mechanisms are observed: the main deformation mechanism of the pure copper film is slip followed by strain hardening, whereas for the nanocomposite, multistage failure behaviors are found due to the debonding at the nanoparticle/copper interface. Notched specimens were also tested and compared with the unnotched specimens. In addition, cyclic loading tests on the nanocomposite were conducted to show its hardening behavior.
Food allergies and hypersensitivity: a review of pharmacotherapy and therapeutic strategies

Background: Food allergy is a major cause of life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions. Food-induced anaphylaxis is the most common reason for someone to present to the emergency department for an anaphylactic reaction. At present, the avoidance of the allergenic food is the only method of preventing further reactions for allergic patients. Objective: With better characterization of allergens and an understanding of the immunologic mechanism involved in this reaction, investigators have developed several therapeutic modalities potentially applicable to the treatment and eventual prevention of food allergy. This review identifies and discusses the potential treatment options for food allergy that are under development. Methods: Relevant articles are reviewed pertaining to the treatment of food allergy. Results/conclusion: Among the therapeutic options currently under investigation are anti-IgE therapy, peptide immunotherapy, traditional Chinese medicine, mutated protein immunotherapy, DNA immunization an...
The fine structure of the phoront of Gymnodinioides pacifica, a ciliated protozoan (Ciliophora, Apostomatida) from euphausiids of the Northeastern Pacific.

Abstract Phoretic stages of the exuviotrophic apostome Gymnodinioides pacifica were examined using transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM). TEM revealed that the mature cyst wall possesses 2 or 3 layers differing by the presence or absence of the third inner layer. This inner layer may represent a different form of the middle wall material. The inner cyst layer is approximately 0.15 μm thick and has striations with a periodicity of ∼19 nm. The middle cyst layer has a variable thickness and the outer dense layer is ∼0.1 μm thick. The 3 layered cyst wall had a thickness of 0.3–0.7 μm and averaged 0.5 μm. Advanced phoront stages were enclosed by fully formed cyst walls or by cyst walls thinned to ∼0.1 μm, as the phoronts prepared to excyst prior to host ecdysis. Additionally, we report the fine structure of the rosette, trichocysts, nuclei, food plaquettes, oral fiber, and other cytoplasmic inclusions. SEM revealed an outer cyst wall layer connected to the secreted peduncle material, which was observed to extend over a wide (15 μm) area on the host setae. Cysts were usually attached at their posterior ends or, less frequently, along their side.
Role of biomechanics and muscle activation strategy in the production of endpoint force patterns in the cat hindlimb

We used a musculoskeletal model of the cat hindlimb to compare the patterns of endpoint forces generated by all possible combination of 12 hindlimb muscles under three different muscle activation rules: homogeneous activation of muscles based on uniform activation levels, homogeneous activation of muscles based on uniform (normalized) force production, and activation based on the topography of spinal motoneuron pools. Force patterns were compared with the patterns obtained experimentally by microstimulation of the lumbar spinal cord in spinal intact cats. Magnitude and orientation of the force patterns were compared, as well as the proportion of the types found, and the proportions of patterns exhibiting points of zero force (equilibrium points). The force patterns obtained with the homogenous activation and motoneuron topography models were quite similar to those measured experimentally, with the differences being larger for the patterns from the normalized endpoint forces model. Differences in the proportions of types of force patterns between the three models and the experimental results were significant for each model. Both homogeneous activation and normalized endpoint force models produced similar proportions of equilibrium points as found experimentally. The results suggest that muscle biomechanics play an important role in limiting the number of endpoint force pattern types, and that muscle combinations activated at similar levels reproduced best the experimental results obtained with intraspinal microstimulation.
Social Movement Growth, Domain Expansion, and Framing Processes: The Gay/Lesbian Movement and Violence Against Gays and Lesbians as a Social Problem

This work offers an empirical analysis of 32 gay/lesbian sponsored anti-violence projects in the United States. The analytic focus is on how gay and lesbian communities have brought attention to the scope and consequences of anti-gay and lesbian violence in the United States, which “has taken its place among such societal concerns as violence against women, children and ethnic and racial groups” (Comstock 1991:1). In large part, this is because within lesbian and gay communities across the United States there has been an “unprecedented level of organizing against violence” (National Gay and Lesbian Task Force 1991:22). This activism continues to include documenting the incidents and prevalence of anti-gay and lesbian violence, establishing crisis intervention and victim assistance programs, sponsoring public education campaigns, and undertaking surveillance efforts in the form of street patrols. My analysis of these activities brings together elements of the social problems and the social movements literature; it demonstrates that domain expansion (Best 1990) accompanies social movement growth and provides a necessary resource for framing select social conditions as a social problem.
Treatment of presumed hypotension in very low birthweight neonates: effects on regional cerebral oxygenation

Context Previous studies have correlated poor neurological outcomes with hypotension. Treatment of hypotension in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants is common, and most often is based solely on the blood pressure measurement. Whether treatment improves cerebral oxygenation is unclear. Objective To determine if treatment of hypotension in VLBW neonates results in an increase in cerebral oxygenation. Patients and methods In this single centre observational study, neonates Results Twenty-eight of 50 patients were treated by the medical team for hypotension, of which 22 had accurate data recorded for analysis. Both normal saline 10 ml/kg, and dopamine 2.5–5 mcg/kg per min significantly increased blood pressure, (saline 26.8±3.5 to 28.8±4.2 mm Hg, p Conclusion These results suggest that treating hypotension in VLBW neonates based solely on a blood pressure measurement of less than 30 mm Hg, while increasing blood pressure, may not increase cerebral oxygenation, possibly because many of these patients are in the autoregulatory zone for cerebral blood flow.
DNA sequence analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the P1 gene of Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius associated with Brazilian purpuric fever

Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF) is a fulminant pediatric disease caused by specific strains of Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius. A conserved epitope on the P1 protein of strains of H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius is seen on most virulent isolates. The P1 protein from a Brazilian case-clone strain of H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius was analyzed by cloning and sequencing the gene. Three major variable regions are present within the P1 gene of the BPF clone in an architecture similar to that of the previously sequenced P1 genes from H. influenzae. The DNA sequence data of the P1 gene provided information for restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses among strains of H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius. Using PCR for amplification of the P1 gene, we found that AlwI restriction of this gene allowed for a highly accurate segregation of virulent strains of H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius associated with BPF. The strong association of virulent phenotypes with specific AlwI restriction patterns of the P1 gene provides a basis for the convenient and accurate identification of strains of H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius which cause BPF.
Terrain safety assessment in support of the Mars Science Laboratory mission

In August 2012, the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission will pioneer the next generation of robotic Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) systems by delivering the largest and most capable rover to date to the surface of Mars. The process to select the MSL landing site took over five years and began with over 50 initial candidate sites from which four finalist sites were chosen. The four finalist sites were examined in detail to assess overall science merit, EDL safety, and rover traversability on the surface. Ultimately, the engineering assessments demonstrated a high level of safety and robustness at all four finalist sites and differences in the assessment across those sites were small enough that neither EDL safety nor rover traversability considerations could significantly discriminate among the final four sites. Thus the MSL landing site at Gale Crater was selected from among the four finalists primarily on the basis of science considerations.
Integrating atom-based and residue-based scoring functions for protein-protein docking

Most scoring functions for protein–protein docking algorithms are either atom-based or residue-based, with the former being able to produce higher quality structures and latter more tolerant to conformational changes upon binding. Earlier, we developed the ZRANK algorithm for reranking docking predictions, with a scoring function that contained only atom-based terms. Here we combine ZRANK's atom-based potentials with five residue-based potentials published by other labs, as well as an atom-based potential IFACE that we published after ZRANK. We simultaneously optimized the weights for selected combinations of terms in the scoring function, using decoys generated with the protein–protein docking algorithm ZDOCK. We performed rigorous cross validation of the combinations using 96 test cases from a docking benchmark. Judged by the integrative success rate of making 1000 predictions per complex, addition of IFACE and the best residue-based pair potential reduced the number of cases without a correct prediction by 38 and 27% relative to ZDOCK and ZRANK, respectively. Thus combination of residue-based and atom-based potentials into a scoring function can improve performance for protein–protein docking. The resulting scoring function is called IRAD (integration of residue- and atom-based potentials for docking) and is available at http://zlab.umassmed.edu.
Household extension and reproductive behaviour in Taiwan.

The inflence of household type on reproductive behavior is examined for a national probability sample of Taiwanese women. Data were derived from a 1980 national household survey of the labor force in Taiwan focusing on 10624 couples. Reproductive variables include measures of current and prospective fertility as well as cumulative fertility. In spite of remarkable social and economic development over the past 3 decades extended families are still widely found in Taiwan. Women in extended households have only slightly higher fertility preferences and current fertility than women in nuclear families once marital duration is controlled. Although women in extended households marry earlier and receive more family help with child care than women in nuclear families such factors are no longer considered sufficient to produce major differentials in reproductive behavior. Residence and husbands class of work are the strongest correlates of whether a household is currently extended or nuclear. In general the husbands characteristics are more strongly related to family type than the wifes. Findings suggest that preferences for smaller families and low fertility need not await a transformation to a nuclear family structue.
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis of MUC1 is modulated by its glycosylation state.

MUC1 is a mucin-like type 1 transmembrane protein associated with the apical surface of epithelial cells. In human tumors of epithelial origin MUC1 is overexpressed in an underglycosylated form wit...
An overview of Pegasus

Pegasus is a multidatabase management system. It provides access to multiple, autonomous, heterogeneous, distributed database management systems through a uniform interface by integrating native and various external databases. The external databases can have different data models, query languages, and world-views. The authors present an overview of the Pegasus system and highlight its main features. >
Low Latency Fault Tolerance System

The low latency fault tolerance (LLFT) system provides fault tolerance for distributed applications within a local-area network, using a leader–follower replication strategy. LLFT provides application-transparent replication, with strong replica consistency, for applications that involve multiple interacting processes or threads. Its novel system model enables LLFT to maintain a single consistent infinite computation, despite faults and asynchronous communication. The LLFT messaging protocol provides reliable, totally ordered message delivery by employing a group multicast, where the message ordering is determined by the primary replica in the destination group. The leader-determined membership protocol provides reconfiguration and recovery when a replica becomes faulty and when a replica joins or leaves a group, where the membership of the group is determined by the primary replica. The virtual determinizer framework captures the ordering information at the primary replica and enforces the same ordering of non-deterministic operations at the backup replicas. LLFT does not employ a majority-based, multiple-round consensus algorithm and, thus, it can operate in the common industrial case where there is a primary replica and only one backup replica. The LLFT system achieves low latency message delivery during normal operation and low latency reconfiguration and recovery when a fault occurs.
Learning To Be Cruel?: Exploring the Onset and Frequency of Animal Cruelty

Few studies have examined how animal cruelty is learned within a specific social context among incarcerated individuals. Using data from 261 inmates, this study specifically addressed how demographic characteristics and childhood experiences with animal abuse may have affected the recurrence and onset of childhood and adolescent cruelty as a learned behavior. Multiple regression analyses revealed that inmates who experienced animal cruelty at a younger age were more likely to demonstrate recurrent animal cruelty themselves. In addition, respondents who observed a friend abuse animals were more likely to hurt or kill animals more frequently. Finally, inmates who were younger when they first witnessed animal cruelty also hurt or killed animals at a younger age.
The nearest-neighbor rule for small samples drawn from uniform distributions (Corresp.)

It is shown in the classification problem, when independent samples are taken from uniform distributions, that for small sample sizes the probability of misclassification when using the nearest-neighbor rule is "close" to its asymptotic value. It is also shown that when using this rule the probability of classification in many cases is close to its Bayes optimum even for small sample sizes. Moreover, if one is restricted to a small sample size from one population, it is shown that it is not necessary to "make up" this deficiency by taking a large sample from the other population; best results may be obtained when both sample sizes are small.
'Secondary' affective disorder: a study of 95 cases.

Patients with ‘secondary’ affective disorder differ from those with ‘primary’ affective disorder in that there are additional symptoms of their pre-existing illness among the former. Hysteria, anxiety neurosis, antisocial personality, alcoholism, and drug dependency are the psychiatric conditions most frequently associated with ‘secondary’ affective disorders. There are other differences which may also be related to the presence of pre-existing illness. These differences include the findings that patients with ‘secondary’ affective disorder are younger, more often male, and are rarely manic; they suggest that it is appropriate to distinguish between ‘primary’ and ‘secondary’ affective disorder for research purposes.
Effect of Phentolamine on Perineal Muscle EMG Activity in Paralegia

The effect of the alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, phentolamine, was studied on the perineal muscle EMG in 3 paraplegic patients. The drug reduced the EMG activity in these patients. This suggests that the normal suppression of external sphincter activity during micturition might be related to a reduction in the external sphincter activity supplied by the sympathetic system.
Modeling the jaw mechanism of Pleuronichthys verticalis: The morphological basis of asymmetrical jaw movements in a flatfish.

Several flatfish species exhibit the unusual feature of bilateral asymmetry in prey capture kinemat- ics. One species, Pleuronichthys verticalis, produces lat- eral flexion of the jaws during prey capture. This raises two questions: 1) How are asymmetrical movements gen- erated, and 2) How could this unusual jaw mechanism have evolved? In this study, specimens were dissected to determine which cephalic structures might produce asym- metrical jaw movements, hypotheses were formulated about the specific function of these structures, physical models were built to test these hypotheses, and models were compared with prey capture kinematics to assess their accuracy. The results suggest that when the neuro- cranium rotates dorsally the premaxillae slide off the smooth, rounded surface of the vomer (which is angled toward the blind, or eyeless, side) and are "launched" anteriorly and laterally. The bilaterally asymmetrical tra- jectory of the upper jaw is determined by the orientation of the "launch pad," the vomer. During lower jaw depression, the mandibles rotate about their articulations with the quadrate bones of the suspensoria. The quadrato- mandibular joint is positioned farther anteriorly on the eye side than on the blind side, and this asymmetry de- flects the lower jaw toward the blind side. Asymmetry in the articular surfaces of the lower jaw augments this effect. Thus, it appears that fish with intermediate forms of this asymmetrical movement could have evolved from symmetrical ancestors via a few key morphological changes. In addition, similar morphological modifications have been observed in other fish taxa that also produce jaw flexion during feeding, which suggests that there may be convergence in the basic mechanism of asymmetry. J.
An Adapted Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program for Elders in a Continuing Care Retirement Community Quantitative and Qualitative Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility and effectiveness of an adapted 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program for elders in a continuing care community. This mixed-methods study used both quantitative and qualitative measures. A randomized waitlist control design was used for the quantitative aspect of the study. Thirty-nine elderly were randomized to MBSR (n = 20) or a waitlist control group (n = 19), mean age was 82 years. Both groups completed pre-post measures of health-related quality of life, acceptance and psychological flexibility, facets of mindfulness, self-compassion, and psychological distress. A subset of MBSR participants completed qualitative interviews. MBSR participants showed significantly greater improvement in acceptance and psychological flexibility and in role limitations due to physical health. In the qualitative interviews, MBSR participants reported increased awareness, less judgment, and greater self-compassion. Study results demonstrate the feasibility and potential effectiveness of an adapted MBSR program in promoting mind-body health for elders.
Effect of the catecholamines on ionic balance and vascular resistance in skeletal muscle

Abstract 1. 1. Varying the plasma calcium within the broad extremes of the physiologic range has little influence on the vascular response induced by infused epinephrine and norepinephrine. 2. 2. Norepinephrine fails to alter skeletal muscle potassium balance. 3. 3. Epinephrine consistently produces a net uptake of potassium by skeletal muscle as long as adrenergic beta receptors are intact. This is true if either vasodilatation or vasoconstriction results from the epinephrine infusion. 4. 4. Potassium uptake by skeletal muscle is associated with beta receptor stimulation and is not related in any way to alpha receptor activation.
Effect of Sampler and Manikin Conductivity on the Sampling Efficiency of Manikin-Mounted Personal Samplers

Experiments were performed that examined how the electrical conductivity of personal samplers and the manikin on which the samplers were mounted affected sampling efficiency. These experiments were done in a wind tunnel using a 7 w m Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter (MMAD) aerosol with conductive Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) samplers and conductive and nonconductive 37 mm cassettes mounted on a life-sized manikin, which was conductive or nonconductive. The charge on the aerosol was neutralized for some experiments. Nonconductive samplers gave lower sampling efficiency than conductive samplers for both the conductive manikin and nonconductive manikin, and the nonconductive manikin gave lower sampling efficiencies with both conductive and nonconductive samplers. These effects were smaller at reduced levels of charge on the aerosol. It is important to consider the conductivity of the manikin when designing experiments to determine the sampling efficiency of personal samplers mounted on a manikin.
Neuropeptide Y inhibition of calcium channels in PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells.

We previously demonstrated, using rat PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells differentiated to a sympathetic neuronal phenotype with nerve growth factor (NGF), that neuropeptide Y (NPY) inhibits catecholamin...
The Genesis of Poetry: Guillaume de Machaut’s Prologue, Boethius’s Consolation of Philosophy, and Chartrian Neoplatonism

Guillaume de Machaut’s Prologue, like many of his other works, is indebted to Boethius’s Consolation of Philosophy, both in its form (a prosimetrum) and in its themes (e.g., the election of a male figure and the presentation to him of a task). Machaut’s account of the genesis of his work—which centers on the notion of the fusion of form and matter and conformance to an exemplar—is also influenced by Neoplatonist theories of Creation associated with the School of Chartres. Both intertexts impute a cosmological and philosophical purview to poetry adumbrated but not explicitly theorized in encyclopedic texts such as the Roman de la rose.
Determining asynchronous pipeline execution times

Asynchronous pipelining is a form of parallelism in which processors execute different loop tasks (loop statements) as opposed to different loop iterations. An asynchronous pipeline schedule for a loop is an assignment of loop tasks to processors, plus an order on instances of tasks assigned to the same processor. This variant of pipelining is particularly relevant in distributed memory systems (since pipeline control may be distributed across processors), but may also be used in shared memory systems.
Surveillance of Medication Use During Pregnancy in the Mini-Sentinel Program.

Objectives Mini-Sentinel is a pilot project sponsored by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to create an active surveillance system to monitor the safety of FDA-regulated medical products. We assessed the capability of the Mini-Sentinel pilot to provide prevalence rates of medication use among pregnant women delivering a liveborn infant. Methods An algorithm was developed to identify pregnancies for a reusable analytic tool to be executed against the Mini-Sentinel Distributed Database. Diagnosis and procedure codes were used to identify women ages 10–54 years delivering a liveborn infant between April 2001 and December 2012. A comparison group of age- and date-matched nonpregnant women was identified. The analytic code was distributed to all 18 Mini-Sentinel data partners. The use of specific medications, selected because of concerns about their safe use during pregnancy, was identified from outpatient dispensing data. We determined the frequency of pregnancy episodes and nonpregnant episodes exposed to medications of interest, any time during the pregnant/matched nonpregnant period, and during each trimester. Results The analytic tool successfully identified 1,678,410 live birth deliveries meeting the eligibility criteria. The prevalence of use at any time during pregnancy was 0.38 % for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and 0.22 % for statins. For ≤0.05 % of pregnancy episodes, the woman was dispensed warfarin, methotrexate, ribavirin, or mycophenolate. Conclusions The analytic tool developed for this study can be used to assess the use of medications during pregnancy as safety issues arise, and is adaptable to include different medications, observation periods, pre-existing conditions, and enrollment criteria.
L’ethnologie écopsychologique de Jean-Loup Trassard // Jean-Loup Trassard's Ecopsychological Ethnology // La etnología ecopsicológica de Jean-Loup Trassard

Resume L’eco-critique est un champ de recherche en plein essor qui comprend notamment l’etude de la litterature a vocation environnementale et ecologique. Or l’ethos agraire de l’auteur contemporain Jean-Loup Trassard informe des ecrits qui evoquent la vie rurale pre-industrialisee d’un point de vue ethnologique. Il s’agit precisement de decrire non seulement les coutumes, valeurs et peines de l’existence agraire mais egalement les fermes, outils, chemins et haies d’une periode de plus grande durabilite environnementale. Qui plus est, son travail d’ethnologue s’accompagne d’une intuition eco-psychologique certaine, temoin d’une comprehension profonde de la relation intime qui lie les etres humains et leurs environnements naturels.Abstract The expanding field of ecocriticism includes the study of fictional and non-fictional literature focusing on environmental or ecological issues. Contemporary French author Jean-Loup Trassard’s agrarian ethos informs those writings that describe pre-industrialized agricultural life and constitute in this sense ethnological sketches of the customs, values, farmsteads, tools, chores, hedgerows, of a more ecologically sustainable period. Moreover, his portraiture of rural existence is complemented by an ecopsychological intuition, that is, a profound understanding and appreciation of the intimate relationship linking people to their natural surroundings.Resumen La ecocritica constituye un campo de investigacion en plena expansion que estudia textos de ficcion y de no ficcion desde un punto de vista ecologico o medio-ambientalista. Una de sus multiples vertientes—la psicologica—se enfoca en la relacion entre el bienestar humano y el medio ambiente natural. Los escritos etnologicos del autor frances contemporaneo Jean-Loup Trassard describen no solo las costumbres, los valores, o los quehaceres del mundo agrario sino tambien las fincas, herramientas, granjas y caminos de la vida rural. Se trata de una etica agrario acompanado de una intuicion eco-psicologica, o sea, de una comprension y apreciacion de la relacion intima entre seres humanos y su medio ambiente natural.
The NIMH Research Domain Criteria Initiative: Background, Issues, and Pragmatics.

This article describes the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative. The description includes background, rationale, goals, and the way the initiative has been developed and organized. The central RDoC concepts are summarized and the current matrix of constructs that have been vetted by workshops of extramural scientists is depicted. A number of theoretical and methodological issues that can arise in connection with the nature of RDoC constructs are highlighted: subjectivism and heterophenomenology, desynchrony and theoretical neutrality among units of analysis, theoretical reductionism, endophenotypes, biomarkers, neural circuits, construct “grain size,” and analytic challenges. The importance of linking RDoC constructs to psychiatric clinical problems is discussed. Some pragmatics of incorporating RDoC concepts into applications for NIMH research funding are considered, including sampling design.
Detection of H 2 from the dissociation of 1,4-cyclohexadiene with a near transform-limited VUV-XUV laser system

We report our experimental investigation of the rotational, vibrational, and translational energy distribution in H2 formed from the dissociation of 1,4-cyclohexadiene (CHDN). This process is symmetry allowed for 1,4-CHDN in its ground electronic state with a potential energy barrier of 43.8 kcal/mole.1 The vibrational excitation of 1,4-CHDN was induced through an electronic transition followed by a rapid internal conversion process. The method we employed for the state specific detection of H2 used an ultrahigh resolution vacuum ultraviolet-extreme ultraviolet (VUV-XUV) laser system2 to ionize H2 via (1 + 1) REMPI through either the B1Σu or C1Πu states.
A sporozoan found in the peptic glands of the common mouse

This organism occurs frequently in the gastric glands of tame mice, but has not yet been found in wild mice, of which only a small number have been examined. It is extracellular in all stages of its development thus far observed. It presents structural characteristics without which it would be impossible for it to develop on the surface of the secreting gland-epithelium, and also produces structural changes in the gastric mucosa so that it is to be considered a true parasite. It is evident, from the morphological study of the various forms present, that this parasite has an asexual and a sexual mode of reproduction. All forms during their growth possess a definite limiting membrane at one point of which is a knob-like projection which represents an organ of attachment, evidently analogous to the epimeute of the Gregarinida. This projection gives to the organism a somewhat flask-shaped form. Occasionally a delicate thread extends outward from this projection, but I have been unable to determine whether or ...
MP55-16 SARCOPENIC OBESITY IN BLADDER CANCER: ADDITIVE RISKS OF CACHEXIA AND OBESITY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING RADICAL CYSTECTOMY?

constructedhand-sewnpouches. Todate, fewpaperswithadequate follow up reported the incidence of stone formation into stapled neobladders. We assessed the risk of stone formation in a single centre cohort of open orthotopic ileal neobladder performed with stapler. METHODS: FromMay 2001 andOctober 2012, 445 consecutive patients, 388males and 57 females, were treatedwith radical cystectomy and orthotopic Padua ileal neobladder for bladder cancer. Follow-up included a complete physical examination, serum electrolyte and creatinine assessment, urine analyses and urine culture at each visit, abdominal ultrasonography or CT alternatively at 6 month intervals. In case of stone formation into the ileal reservoir, patients underwent cystoscopy and, when necessary, transurethral lithotripsy. Univariable analysis was performed including age, gender, day-time and nigh-time continence, urinary tract infections and urethral anastomosis strictures, to evaluate the risk of stone formation. RESULTS: At a median follow up was 37 (IQR 16-58) months, neobladder stones occurred in 41 patients (9.2%). Median time to stone formation was 31 (IQR 15-50) months. All these patients successfully underwent endoscopic stone lithotripsy, 34 of which as outpatient procedure. At univariable analysis only female gender was associated with an increased risk of stone formation (p1⁄40.007). CONCLUSIONS: In our series of “stapled” Padua ileal neobladder, the rate of stone formation was comparable with those reported in literature for completely hand sewn ileal reservoirs. Larger series are necessary to assess the independent role of stapler as determinant of neobladder stone formations.
Abstract 1746: Coordination of overexpressed NIMA-related kinase 2 and TRF1 results in mitotic abnormalities in breast cancer cells.

NIMA-related kinase 2 (NEK2), a serine-threonine protein kinase, plays a role in features of mitotic progression including timing of mitotic entry, chromatin condensation, spindle organization and cytokinesis. Kinase death NEK2 mutant expression or NEK2 depleted cells lead to failure of centrosome separation while NEK2 overexpression results in premature centrosome separation. In addition, it has been revealed that telomeric repeat binding factor 1 (TRF1) interacts directly with NEK2. TRF1 not only regulates telomere length, but is also associated with cell cycle regulation. However, the interactions and correlations between NEK2 and TRF1 are far from clear. Here, we show that mitotic aberrations through NEK2 overexpression are likely to require TRF1. Our results demonstrate that NEK2 directly binds and phosphorylates TRF1 in vitro and in vivo through multiple sites on TRF1. NEK2 overexpression in breast cancer cells, MCF 7 and MDA-MB-231, results in increased numbers of centrosomes and multinucleated cells, which leads to cytokinetic failure and aneuploidization. Additionally, TRF1 depletion by siRNA prevents the occurrence of unaligned chromosomes by NEK2 overexpression during metaphase. Concurrent Nek2 overexpression and TRF1 depleted cells demonstrated ≤ 2 centrosomes per cell, similar to mock plasmid and negative control siRNA transfected cells. Therefore, we propose that TRF1 is required for overexpressed NEK2 to trigger abnormal mitosis and chromosomal instability. Citation Format: Jaehyung Lee. Coordination of overexpressed NIMA-related kinase 2 and TRF1 results in mitotic abnormalities in breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1746. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1746
Partial Discharge Location Based on Radio Frequency Antenna Array in Substation

The measurement and diagnosis of partial discharge(PD) is accepted as the most valuable means for assessing the quality of high voltage(HV) power apparatus and its running status.However,the methods for monitoring current partial discharge are mainly based on devices,which require multi-process,high cost,and large maintenance engineering.We proposed to use four antennas array to receive ultra high frequency(UHF) signal,and defined a 3-D coordinate system to locate PD source in the field of the substation.We focused on the principles of calculating signal starting time by energy accumulation method as well as the location algorithm based on time difference,and gave a Newton algorithm and stepped-net search methods to solve the nonlinear equations.Finally,we proved the efficiency of the system by lab and site test.The algorithm can ensure the solving speed,and solve the problem of convergence,thus,it can satisfy the requirments of the accuracy of PD location in the entire substation.
THE USE OF ANTIGEN SPECIFIC TRANSFER FACTOR IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INFECTIONS WITH HERPES VIRUSES

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the results of usage of both antigen-specific and nonspecific transfer factor in the management of clinical infections with herpes viruses. Antigen-specific transfer factor appears to have the ability to convert productive infection into latent infection, a state that is free of clinical manifestations and not associated with virus shedding. These findings support the widely held but unproven hypothesis that active immune mechanisms are responsible for the maintenance of latent infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and -2. Antigen-specific TF has been shown to have excellent prophylactic value in protection from varicella in children with leukemia who are immunosuppressed by chemotherapy. A similar trial of the efficacy of TF in a select group of patients at risk of developing HSV-2 infections may be indicated. With the addition of the findings to the observations of others, it now seems reasonable to suggest that a multicenter, double blind control study is indicated to determine the efficacy of TFa in the management of ubiquitous and troublesome herpes-virus infections.