cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Eye-position aftereffects of backward head tilt manifested by illusory visual direction

Three experiments showed posttest-minus-pretest shifts in subjective straight-ahead eye position when subjects read for 3, 6, or 9 min with their heads tilted back 20° from upright. These shifts were significant relative to control conditions in which subjects read with their heads upright. All subjects read with the same straight-ahead eye-in-head position. Variability-reducing procedures were developed to provide better measures over Experiments 1, 2. and 3. Explanations in terms of deliberate compensation, head-position asymmetries, eye-position asymmetries, and progressive error were ruled out. It was hypothesized that the shifts were caused by negative aftereffects of compensation for the doll reflex. The doll reflex rotates the eyes down without central registration. causing an upward illusory shift of visual direction similar to what is caused by wedge prisms. Perceptual-motor adaptation to this shift, i.e., doll adaptation, causes an illusory shift in the opposite direction when the head is returned to upright.
An orientifold of AdS5 × T11 with D7-branes, the associated α′2-corrections and their role in the dual = 1 Sp(2N+2M) × Sp(2N) gauge theory

We study the = 1 Sp(2N+2M) × Sp(2N) gauge theory on a stack of N physical and M fractional D3-branes in the background of an orientifolded conifold. The gravity dual is a type-IIB orientifold of AdS5 × T11 (with certain background fluxes turned on) containing an O7-plane and 8 D7-branes. In the conformal case (M = 0), we argue that the α'2-terms localized on the 8 D7-branes and the O7-plane should give vanishing contributions to the supergravity equations of motion for the bulk fields. In the cascading case (M≠0), we argue that the α'2-terms give rise to corrections which in the dual Sp(2N+M) × Sp(2N) gauge theory can be interpreted as corrections to the anomalous dimensions of the matter fields.
Cerebrovascular Smooth Muscle Actin Is Increased in Nondemented Subjects With Frequent Senile Plaques at Autopsy: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer Disease

We previously found that vascular smooth muscle actin (SMA) is reduced in the brains of patients with late stage Alzheimer disease (AD) compared with brains of nondemented, neuropathologically normal subjects. To assess the pathogenetic significance and disease specificity of this finding, we studied 3 additional patient groups: nondemented subjects without significant AD type pathology ("Normal"; n = 20), nondemented subjects with frequent senile plaques at autopsy ("Preclinical AD"; n = 20), and subjects with frontotemporal dementia ("FTD"; n = 10). The groups were matched for sex and age with those previously reported; SMA immunohistochemistry and image analysis were performed as previously described. Surprisingly, SMA expression in arachnoid, cerebral cortex, and white matter arterioles was greater in the Preclinical AD group than in the Normal and FTD groups. The plaques were not associated with amyloid angiopathy or other vascular disease in this group. Smooth muscle actin expression in the brains of the Normal group was intermediate between the Preclinical AD and FTD groups. All 3 groups exhibited much greater SMA expression than in our previous report. The presence of frequent plaques and increased arteriolar SMA expression in the brains of nondemented subjects suggest that increased SMA expression might represent a physiological response to neurodegeneration that could prevent or delay overt expression dementia in AD.
Fabricating an acrylic resin temporary fixed prosthesis for an allergic patient

Abstract A technique has been presented whereby a temporary or interim restoration can be fabricated for a patient allergic to the free monomer methyl methacrylate. This technique can also be used where no allergy exists, but a processed temporary or interim restoration is desired prior to the preparation of the teeth.
A three-century record of precipitation and blue oak recruitment from the Tehachapi Mountains, Southern California, USA

Abstract A three-century tree-ring chronology from living and dead blue oak (Quercus douglasii Hook. and Arn.) was developed from the Tehachapi Mountains in Southern California in order to develop a long-term reconstruction of precipitation at the study site. The ring-width series is significantly correlated with late winter/spring (December–April) precipitation. Comparison with two geographically separate blue oak residual chronologies from Southern California and meteorological records suggests broad-scale tree growth and climate homogeneity within the developed chronology. Evaluation of ranked extreme single-year events indicates extreme wet and dry years occur disproportionately during the 20th century. A disproportionate number of protracted episodes of unusually high or low periods of precipitation also occur in the 20th century. The most extreme persistently dry period occurred in the late 1770s and lasted about one decade, while the 1790s rank as the most persistently extreme wet decade during the reconstruction. Dendrochronological techniques were also used to estimate the timing of establishment and mortality of blue oak at the site. The most recent blue oak recruitment occurred in the 1940s, and no tree recruitment occurred during the second half of the 20th century. The lack of recent blue oak recruitment recorded here is typical throughout California's blue oak woodlands.
Conference on the magnetization of the oceanic crust steers future research

Because marine magnetic anomalies arise from the combination of seafloor spreading and geomagnetic polarity reversals, they delineate a history of global plate motions and geomagnetic field behavior. Thirty years ago, interpretation of sea surface magnetometer profiles led to the plate tectonics revolution. Recent developments in high resolution magnetic studies are similarly changing our view of the structure and evolution of oceanic crust and beginning to answer basic questions concerning geomagnetic field behavior. In response to these developments, the Conference on the Magnetization of Oceanic Crust was held September 21–24,1996, on Orcas Island in Washington State. Forty-seven scientists representing 20 institutions in seven countries attended the conference, which was funded by the National Science Foundation, the Ridge Interdisciplinary Global Experiment (RIDGE), and the United States Science Advisory Committee (USSAC).
Effect of the surface-electrode resistance on the actuation of ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) artificial muscles

In this work the effect of surface-electrode resistance on the actuation of ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) artificial muscles is investigated. The as-received ion-exchange membrane (IEM) was platinum-composited by using a unique chemical processing technique that employs a platinum-salt and appropriate reducing agents. The IPMCs artificial muscles were optimized for producing maximum forces by changing multiple process parameters including time-dependent concentrations of the salt and reducing agents. The analytical results confirmed that the platinum electrode is successfully deposited on the surface of the IEM where platinum particles stay in a dense form that appears to introduce a significant level of surface- electrode resistance. In order to address this problem, a thin layer of silver (or copper) was electrochemically deposited on top of the platinum electrode to reduce the surface-electrode resistance. Actuation tests were performed for such IPMC artificial muscles under a low voltage. Tests results show that the lower surface-electrode resistance generates the higher actuation capability in the IPMCs artificial muscles. This observation is briefly discussed based on an equivalent circuit theory regarding the IPMC and a possible electrophoretic cation-transport phenomenon under the influence of an electric field.
A Quantitative Approach for Evaluating the Utility of a Differentially Private Behavioral Science Dataset

Social scientists who collect large amounts of medical data value the privacy of their survey participants. As they follow participants through longitudinal studies, they develop unique profiles of these individuals. A growing challenge for these researchers is to maintain the privacy of their study participants, while sharing their data to facilitate research. Differential privacy is a new mechanism which promises improved privacy guarantees for statistical databases. We evaluate the utility of a differentially private dataset. Our results align with the theory of differential privacy and show when the number of records in the database is sufficiently larger than the number of cells covered by a database query, the number of statistical tests with results close to those performed on original data increases.
Rapid Permissions-Based Detection and Analysis of Mobile Malware Using Random Decision Forests

The explosion in mobile malware has led to the need for early, rapid detection mechanisms that can detect malware and identify risky applications prior to their deployment on end-user devices without the high cost of manual static and dynamic analysis. Previous work has shown that specific combinations of Android permissions, intents, broadcast receivers, native code and embedded applications can be effectively used to identify potentially malicious applications. We extend this work by using frequent combinations of such attributes as training features for random decision forest classification of malicious and benign applications. We demonstrate that using combinations of frequently-occuring permissions in this manner significantly improves previous results, and provides true positive rates in excess of 90% while maintaining tractable false positive rates. This is true even with novel malware that is not reliably detected at the time of release by conventional anti-malware tools. In addition, the auxiliary information generated by the random decision forest algorithm provides useful insights into the key indicators of malicious activity and the functionality of the associated malware.
MyHeart: An intelligent mHealth home monitoring system supporting heart failure self-care

MyHeart is a telehealth system designed to bridge the current gap in the Congestive Heart Failure care continuum that occurs when the patient transitions from the hospital to the home environment. The system uses wireless health devices and a mobile application on the patient's end, a rule-based expert system, and a dashboard on the clinician's end to facilitate the exchange of information pertaining to vitals, symptoms, and health risk. The system also sends messages to patients that aim to encourage self-care as per Fogg's behavior model. An experiment to evaluate MyHeart is currently underway at Loma Linda University Medical Center and encouraging initial findings are reported.
The structural origins of authoritarianism in Pakistan

The enduring role of Pakistan's army in both foreign and domestic affairs has long drawn the attention of political scientists. Since its emergence from the partition of the British Indian Empire in 1947, Pakistan has suffered four military coups (in 1958, 1969, 1977 and 1999), long periods of political instability and a persistent inability to consolidate democratic institutions. At first glance, Pakistan's inability to sustain a transition to democracy is especially puzzling given that India, which also emerged from the collapse of British rule in South Asia, has experienced only a brief bout of authoritarian rule (1975–77) and has managed to consolidate democracy – even though the quality of its democratic institutions and their performance leaves much to be desired. Many scholars have proffered explanations for Pakistan's failure to make a successful transition to democracy. This essay will argue that all the extant accounts are partial and incomplete. It will contend that the roots of Pakistan's prop...
A researcher's guide to running diary studies

In this paper, we discuss our learning and suggestions on how to run a diary study, a user research method appropriate to collect longitudinal data. The diary study is a longitudinal method that allows self-reporting of specific aspects of users' natural behaviors and thoughts [2].To get an in-depth understanding about products and its users, we have conducted diary studies both in Enterprise and Consumer domains. The objectives of these studies were to gather information on the usage patterns; existing users pain points and identify opportunities to improve the product. The findings of these studies have given a closer look at the users' requirements and challenges.
Utility and efficacy of Knowledge of Behavioral Principles as Applied to Children

Validation d'un instrument psychometrique, le Knowledge of Behavioral Principles as Applied to Children par administration, avant et apres une intervention comportementale, a 19 parents avec leurs propres enfants
Trimethylselenonium ion as a general excretory product from selenium metabolism in the rat.

Abstract 1. 1. Several sources of selenium were given to rats and the metabolites excreted in the urine were examined chromatographically. 2. 2. A recently identified product of selenite metabolism, (CH 3 ) 3 Se + , was shown to be a major excretory product from selenate, selenomethionine, selenocystine, Se- methylselenocysteine, and seleniferous wheat. The level of (CH 3 ) 3 ) 3 Se + in the urine was equivalent ot 20–50% of the urinary selenium depending on the selenium source and the collection time. 3. 3. A second major unidentified urinary metabolite was excreted from each radioactive selenium source and accounted for 11–28% of the total urinary selenium. 4. 4. On the basis of chromatographic evidence, the selenium-containing metabolites in rat urine seem to be familiar regardless of the original source of selenium.
“Wisdom Speaking Copiously”: Renaissance Humanism Revisited

You cannot travel very far in Renaissance studies without running into Paul Oskar Kristeller. He has catalogued and commented on countless manuscripts and texts. Prefaces almost invariably acknowledge his generous assistance with projects ranging from bibliography and anthology to radical reinterpretation. And Kristeller is largely responsible for the "theory of humanism" that displaced Jacob Burckhardt's and charted courses for so much subsequent work. Fifty years ago, when Kristeller joined the conversations about the Renaissance's modernity and medievalism, despotism and libertarianism, piety and religious skepticism, Burckhardt's Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (1860) still towered over the field. Others questioned Burckhardt's idealization of Renaissance consciousness; Kristeller, however, argued decisively that Renaissance humanism was less a philosophical system than a cultural and educational program in which the place of rhetoric "expanded and developed ... and came to pervade all areas of civilization" (1979:242; 1988:130-37). As the program developed in each discipline, it coupled humanist classicism with "a core of
PCO Based Event Propagation Scheme for Globally Synchronized Sensor Networks

Impulse Radios within communication networks using Pulse Coupled Oscillator (PCO) global synchronization can be efficiently duty cycled for significant power savings. In this paper we utilize the emergent dynamical behavior in the PCO network to enable a simple event communication scheme particular to this type of network. In this scheme, each coupled radio node accesses the channel by simply changing its pulse repetition frequency in response to an event sensed by its sensor. This forces the network to a new, higher operating frequency, which can be locally measured at every node in the network to communicate occurrence of an event in the network. In this paper we show how this synchronization occurs and how it is ideally suited for low power operation. The proposed event propagation scheme enables a node to broadcast information about an event to an entire network in a simple fashion without the need of any data-packet formation or complex MAC/Routing protocols. We show that resynchronization and recovery of the network happens almost immediately. The latency involved corresponds to the distance-delay (due to finite speed of light) plus a very small circuit delay of (4-5ns) per hop related to detection of impulses.
Zygomycosis orbital apex syndrome in association with a solitary lung carcinoma

We describe a patient who presented with orbital apex syndrome. Sphenoidectomy and biopsy revealed invasive zygomycosis. The patient had no obvious risk factors for the development of zygomycosis, but was subsequently found to have a solitary, occult lung carcinoma. The unusual clinical features of this case are discussed, and the English language literature on zygomycoses in patients with solid tumours is reviewed. Possible predisposing factors are discussed.
Western Blot Confirmation of the H+/K+-ATPase Proton Pump in the Human Larynx and Submandibular Gland

Objective. The authors have previously demonstrated the H + / K + -ATPase (proton pump) in human larynx and lung glands via immunohistochemistry (IHC). The present hypothesis is that the proton pump is expressed in other seromucinous glands of the digestive tract that can be confirmed by IHC and Western blot analysis. Study Design. Prospective controlled tissue analysis study. Setting. Academic medical institution. Methods. Ten anonymous fresh-frozen donor specimens were obtained, comprising 3 submandibular glands, 4 larynges, and 3 normal stomach specimens for control. Submandibular gland sections were immunostained with 2 monoclonal antibodies selectively reactive with α or β subunits of the H + /K + -ATPase. Western blot analysis was performed on all specimens. Results. Consistent IHC staining was observed in the subman- dibular gland specimens for both α and β subunits. Western blot analysis revealed very strong expression for the stomach at 100 kDa, corresponding to the α protein, and weak but notable banding for all larynx and submandibular gland speci- mens. Similar findings were noted for the 60- to 80-kDa gly- cosylated β subunit protein, as well as the 52-kDa β subunit precursor for all specimens. Conclusion. The H + /K + -ATPase (proton) pump is present in the human larynx and submandibular gland although in much low- er concentrations than in the stomach. Proton pump involve- ment in human aerodigestive seromucinous glands may have a role in protecting mucosa from acid environments (local or systemic), explain heightened laryngeal sensitivity in those patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux, and be a site of action for proton pump inhibitor pharmacotherapy.
The mechanisms of information integration in experimental prediction markets

The desire to understand the mechanisms of market information integration motivates this study. Large sample experimental prediction markets with varying feedback mechanisms afforded the study of aggregate and individual's actions. Markets without feedback demonstrated information collection by outperforming the average of their participants. When feedback was introduced the inductive process of information aggregation was observed. This process was seen to simultaneously increase the amount of information assimilated, but also introduce information mirages which tend to decrease the accuracy of the markets - being dependent on the type of data presented to the market. In fact, a market subject to mirage prone data resembles a prisoner's dilemma where individual rationality results in collective irrationality. Individual's responses with feedback revealed characteristics of public and private information integration. Integration for individuals was subtle compared to the more distinct effect in markets, illustrating the emergent nature of information aggregation in markets.
The Analysis of Singular Spacetimes

Much controversy surrounds the question of what ought to be the proper definition of 'singularity' in general relativity, and the question of whether the prediction of such entities leads to a crisis for the theory. I argue that a definition in terms of curve incompleteness is adequate, and in particular that the idea that singularities correspond to 'missing points' has insurmountable problems. I conclude that singularities per se pose no serious problem for the theory, but their analysis does bring into focus several problems of interpretation at the foundation of the theory often ignored in the philosophical literature.
Breath-Alcohol Simulators: Scientific Basis and Actual Performance

Commercial breath-alcohol simulators were studied to determine their suitability as calibrating devices and for providing control spocimens in breath-alcohol analysis. The best-fit exponential equation for the air/water partition of ethanol was found to by y = 0.0145e 0.06583x, where x = temperature ~ and y = Ka/wxl03. Temperature, volume, pressure, and alcohol depletion of simulators and their effluents were measured. The consequences of temperature tluctustlons upon effluent-alcohol concentration were determined, as was the number of times a simulator can be used with various breath-alcohol analyzers before reaching 1% alcohol depletion.
Hypergammaglobulinemic purpura of Waldenstrom associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: report of a case and review of the literature

A patient with hyperglobulinemic purpura of Waldenstrom and systemic lupus erythematosus is reported. The coexistence of these two conditions which share a number of common clinical and laboratory features is rare. Treatment of the patient with prednisone, colchicine and hydroxychloroquine led to the improvement of the cutaneous vasculitis and a drop in ESR, serum gamma globulins and IgM and IgG rheumatoid factors. The features of nine other cases and the immunopathogenesis of the disease are reviewed.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for prostate cancer in men with large prostates (≥50 cm3)

Patients with large prostate volumes have been shown to have higher rates of genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicities after conventional radiation therapy for prostate cancer. The efficacy and toxicity of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), which delivers fewer high-dose fractions of radiation treatment, is unknown for large prostate volume prostate cancer patients. We report our early experience using SBRT for localized prostate cancer in patients with large prostate volumes. 57 patients with prostate volumes ≥50 cm3 prior to treatment with SBRT for localized prostate carcinoma and with a minimum follow up of two years were included in this retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Treatment was delivered using Cyberknife (Accuray) with doses of 35-36.25 Gy in 5 fractions. Biochemical control was assessed using the Phoenix definition. Toxicities were scored using the CTCAE v.4. Quality of life was assessed using the American Urological Association (AUA) Symptom Score and the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC)-26. 57 patients (23 low-, 25 intermediate- and 9 high-risk according to the D’Amico classification) at a median age of 69 years (range, 54-83 years) received SBRT with a median follow-up of 2.9 years. The median prostate size was 62.9 cm3 (range 50-138.7 cm3). 33.3% of patients received ADT. The median pre-treatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 6.5 ng/ml and decreased to a median PSA of 0.4 ng/ml by 2 years (p <0.0001). A mean baseline AUA symptom score of 7.5 significantly increased to 13 at 1 month (p = 0.001) and returned to baseline by 3 months (p = 0.21). 23% of patients experienced a late transient urinary symptom flare in the first two years following treatment. Mean baseline EPIC bowel scores of 95.8 decreased to 78.1 at 1 month (p <0.0001), but subsequently improved to 93.5 three months (p = 0.08). The 2-year actuarial incidence rates of GU and GI toxicity ≥ grade 2 were 49.1% and 1.8%, respectively. Two patients (3.5%) experienced grade 3 urinary toxicity, and no patient experienced grade 3 gastrointestinal toxicity. SBRT for clinically localized prostate cancer was well tolerated in men with large prostate volumes.
Influence of interactive videodisc instruction using simultaneous-time analysis on kinematics graphing skills of high school physics students

Real-time kineJTIatical analysis of physical phenomenon is the graphing of displacement, velocity, and acceleration versus time data simultaneously with the motion of the object. Brasell (1987) found that students using real-time analysis with microcomputer-based laboratory tools significantly improved their kinematics graphing skills as compared to students using delayed-time graphing (kinematics graphs pro­ duced after the motion of the object). However, using computer reanimation of videotaped images, Beichner (1990) found no difference in student learning between the simultaneous-time (kinematics graphs produced simultaneously with the motion of the image of the object, such as a video-recorded image or a computer reanimated image) and the delayed-time treatments. This investigation considers student analysis of videodisc-recorded images, with treatments over an extended time. Using quantitative, qualitative, and retention data, we found no significant learning difference between using simultaneous-time and delayed-time analysis for student understanding of kinematics graphs. However, the results imply that simultaneous-time analysis may have advantages in some areas.
Emotions, Campaigns, and Political Participation:

There has been a scarcity of work examining the political consequences of discrete emotions. This article examines the political effects of several emotions—anger, sadness, fear, and enthusiasm. Em...
Association between walking distance and percentiles of body mass index in older and younger men

Objective: To assess the association of weekly walking distance to body weight and waist circumference in elderly (age ⩾75 years), senior (55⩽ age Design: Cross-sectional analyses of baseline questionnaires from 7082 male participants of the National Walkers’ Health Study. Results: Standard regression analyses showed that body mass index (BMI) was inversely and significantly associated with walking distance (kg/m 2 per km/week) in elderly (slope (SE): −0.032 (0.008)), senior (−0.045 (0.005)) and middle-aged men (−0.037 (0.007)), as were their waist circumferences (−0.090 (0.025), −0.122 (0.012) and −0.091 (0.015) cm per km/week, respectively), and that these slopes remained significant when adjusted statistically for reported weekly servings of meat, fish, fruit and alcohol. However, percentile regression analyses showed that the declines in BMI per km/week walked were greater at the higher than the lower percentiles of the BMI distribution. In men ⩾74 years old the decline per km walked was 4.9-fold greater among the heaviest men (that is, 90th BMI percentile; −0.076 kg/m 2 per km/week) than among the leanest men (that is, 10th BMI percentile; −0.015 kg/m 2 per km/week). The differences in slope at the 90th compared to the 10th BMI percentile were 5.4-fold among men 55–74 years old and sixfold among men 35–54 years old. Per km/week walked, the declines at the 90th percentile of waist circumference were also greater than at its 10th percentile, and intermediate for percentiles in between. Whereas standard regression analyses suggest that the average declines in BMI per km/week walked reported here are consistent with those reported previously per km/week run in male runners 35–54 years old (−0.036 (0.001) kg/m 2 per km/week) and ⩾50 years old (−0.038 (0.001) kg/m 2 per km/week), percentile regression analyses showed that when adjusted to the leaner body weights of the runners the declines per km walked were between 49% and 59% less for walkers than runners. Conclusions: Declines in BMI and waist circumferences with walking distance depend upon the percentile of the BMI distribution, with the decline per km walked being significantly greater among heavier men.
Social Desirability as a Variable Affecting Responses on the California Psychological Inventory

This experiment was designed to show whether social desirability had a contaminating effect on any of the scales of the California Psychological Inventory or on the test as a whole. Subjects were divided into two groups, one of 10 to answer the test honestly and the other of 26 to answer its questions as if applying for a job and wanting to make a good impression. Data show that 10 of the 18 scales and the test as a whole, using multivariate analysis of variance, were not significantly contaminated by social desirability.
Hierarchical Phosphorylation of δ-Opioid Receptor Regulates Agonist-induced Receptor Desensitization and Internalization

Abstract Treatment of HEK293 cells expressing the δ-opioid receptor with agonist [d-Pen2,5]enkephalin (DPDPE) resulted in the rapid phosphorylation of the receptor. We constructed several mutants of the potential phosphorylation sites (Ser/Thr) at the carboxyl tail of the receptor in order to delineate the receptor phosphorylation sites and the agonist-induced desensitization and internalization. The Ser and Thr were substituted to alanine, and the corresponding mutants were transiently and stably expressed in HEK293 cells. We found that only two residues, i.e.Thr358 and Ser363, were phosphorylated, with Ser363 being critical for the DPDPE-induced phosphorylation of the receptor. Furthermore, using alanine and aspartic acid substitutions, we found that the phosphorylation of the receptor is hierarchical, with Ser363 as the primary phosphorylation site. Here, we demonstrated that DPDPE-induced rapid receptor desensitization, as measured by adenylyl cyclase activity, and receptor internalization are intimately related to phosphorylation of Thr358 and Ser363, with Thr358being involved in the receptor internalization.
Reduction of benzodiazepine requirements during mechanical ventilation in a child by topical application of essential oils.

To avoid these complications, many chil-dren require maintenance therapy with long-acting benzodiaz-epines,delayingdischargehome.Benzodiazepinesalsointerferewithrapideyemovementsleeppatterns,resultinginaprofoundsenseoffatigue,andmayleadtodisorientationoragitationafterdays remaining in a drug-induced state of sleep. Prolonged seda-tion leads to postextubation paresis requiring physical therapy.Prolonged periods of stasis lead to lymph edema and third spac-ing, requiring diuretics, which lead to electrolyte derangements.The ability to reduce the amount of benzodiazepines usedduring critical illness may help reduce the incidence or severityof these side effects and sequelae. This article describes a casereport of reduction in benzodiazepine requirements in an intu-bated, sedated child by using topically applied essential oils.
People with hyperlipidaemia who followed a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods achieved a greater reduction in LDL cholesterol over 6 months than those who received advice to follow a low-saturated fat diet.

Commentary on: DJ Jenkins, PJ Jones, B Lamarche, et al.. Effect of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods given at 2 levels of intensity of dietary advice on serum lipids in hyperlipidemia: a randomized controlled trial.JAMA2011;306:831–9.
Parvovirus B19-specific DNA in bone marrow from B19 arthropathy patients : Evidence for B19 virus persistence

To determine if B19 infection persists in patients with chronic B19 arthropathy, acute B19 infection in adults was documented by IgM serology. Bone marrow aspirates were obtained 24-42 months after acute infection in 4 patients who developed chronic joint symptoms. DNA from bone marrow aspirates was amplified by polymerase chain reaction by using B19-specific DNA sequences in the viral capsid gene and probing with B19-specific oligonucleotides in Southern analysis. B19-specific DNA sequences were detected in all 4 chronic arthropathy patients compared with 0 of 7 anti-B19 IgM-, IgG- and 0 of 6 anti-B19 IgM-, IgG+ normal bone marrow donors. Three patients with serologically proven acute B19 infection and acute but nonchronic joint symptoms had B19 DNA detected in bone marrow aspirates 2-18 months after infection. These findings suggest that B19 arthropathy is associated with persistence of either B19 virus or select B19 DNA sequences.
Strategy Research and Panel Data: Evidence and Implications

A number of studies in strategic management rely on panel (longitudinal) data to test theory. The advantages of panel data notwithstanding, such data introduce analytic problems (e.g., autocorrelation, heteroskedasticity, contemporaneous correlation) that make traditional estimators (e.g., ordinary least squares) inappropriate. This study highlights the influence of contemporaneous correlation, a statistical problem that affects the analysis of panel data. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the authors find that contemporaneous correlation is particularly problematic when analyzing data sets typically used in strategic management research. They suggest straightforward techniques to mitigate the harmful effects of contemporaneous correlation.
Treatment of childhood arterial ischemic stroke

Traditional risk factors associated with adult arterial ischemic stroke (AIS; ie, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, and atherosclerosis) are relatively rare in children. Childhood AIS is instead associated with a variety of conditions including cerebral arteriopathies, congenital heart disease, infection, head and neck trauma, sickle cell anemia, and prothrombotic abnormalities. Although the pathophysiology and outcomes of adult AIS differ significantly from those in childhood AIS, therapeutic management remains similar, largely because of the paucity of evidence from devoted pediatric observational studies and clinical trials. The purpose of this article is to review the current guidelines and evidence in the treatment of childhood AIS, within the context of that which exists in adult AIS. Medical management of hypoxia, hyperglycemia, fever, blood pressure, and increased intracranial pressure has been insufficiently investigated in childhood stroke, resulting in a lack of guidance in these areas. Although acute antithrombotic management in childhood AIS has received relatively greater attention in published recommendations, it is based almost exclusively on consensus and expert opinion, and differs considerably among existing pediatric guidelines. Rehabilitation therapy in childhood AIS has great potential for meaningful improvements in long-term outcomes, especially given the plasticity of the young brain; however, little guidance for rehabilitative measures is provided by published recommendations. Ongoing and future multicenter cohort study efforts, and ultimately devoted pediatric clinical trials, will be essential to establish comprehensive evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of childhood AIS.
MODELING TRAFFIC PREDICTION UNCERTAINTY FOR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT DECISION SUPPORT

TFM personnel are known as Traffic Management Coordinators (TMCs) or Traffic Management Specialists (TMSs), depending on the facility in which they work. The general term for these personnel is traffic managers. One of their primary responsibilities is to ensure that traffic at national airspace system (NAS) resources (e.g., airspace sectors, airports) does not exceed levels that can be safely managed by controllers. Traffic managers also endeavor to ensure fair and equitable treatment for all NAS users, i.e., operators of commercial, general aviation, military, and other aircraft. Air Traffic Flow Management (TFM) is the process of balancing demand for airspace and airport resources with the capacity of those resources, in order to achieve both safe and efficient traffic throughput. Demand is typically estimated by predicting flight trajectories, and comparing the predictions to capacity metrics for airports and airspace. The effectiveness of TFM decision-making depends on the accuracy of these predictions. This effectiveness can be improved not only by improving prediction accuracy, but by quantifying the uncertainty in those predictions. When the uncertainty is known, decision analysis and risk management techniques can be applied to improve decision-making performance. To support this goal, a novel method has been developed for measuring and simulating uncertainty in traffic demand predictions. This method employs empirical observations of traffic characteristics to develop statistical models of the error distributions in demand predictions, which in turn can be used for Monte-Carlo simulation of specific traffic scenarios. Preliminary statistical results are presented here, as well as a discussion of simulation applications for both analysis and real-time decision-support tasks.
Ultradian Cognitive Performance Rhythms During Sleep Deprivation

Ultradian rhythms that modulate daytime human behavior and cognitive performance exist. However, their subtleness may make them susceptible to masking effects from heightened arousal, attention, and motivation. Experimental designs using sleep attenuation and total sleep-deprivation appear to unmask certain ultradian rhythms. This chapter reviews the few studies designed to evaluate rhythms in waking EEG and task performances during sleep deprivation. Some EEG studies demonstrate an approximate 90-min rhythm in arousal. No confirmation has been reached for an underlying common basic rest-activity cycle (BRAC) that ties the phases of the nightly 90-min NREM-REM sleep cyclicity to those of any ensuing similar-period wake time alertness and performance rhythms. Studies have also found a slower 4-h rhythm. Other arousal and performance rhythms shorter than 90 min and longer than 4h have been suggested, but are not as well substantiated. The 90-min and 4-h rhythms seem to dominate the morning and early afternoon circadian rhythm portion during wakefulness, but are attenuated later by the rising circadian rhythm, or perhaps other slower ultradian cycles. Ultradian rhythm expression appears related to a greater susceptibility for reduced arousal and sleepiness. Impairment of cognitive-behavioral performance occurs at times of low circadian influences and increased ultradian fluctuations. These effects, in combination with any amount of sleep deprivation, raise concerns about naturally occurring potentially widespread performance decrements. Concern stems from the widespread increase in chronic partial-sleep loss in cultures deliberately abridging adequate nightly sleep in favor of attempting to maintain a 24/7 mode of existence.
Evidence for the Role of the Lid and Underunning in an Outbreak of Tornadic Thunderstorms

Abstract On the last day of May 1985, a series of tornadic thunderstorms devastated pans of Ohio. Pennsylvania, New York, and Ontario, Canada. Analysis of this outbreak reveals that a lid, which moved from the southwestern United States the previous day, played a major role in enabling the latent instability to achieve large values. Severe convection began along the edge of the lid (underrunning) in a region experiencing baroclinically forced ascent associated with a migrating jet streak. This paper discusses the role of the lid in the development of the latent instability, the relationship between underrunning and the migrating jet streak, and the effects of terrain on the evolution of latent instability and on the formation of the lid. Finally, we present a climatological study of the lid in order to show why the convection was so severe, yet so unusual in this part of the country.
Secondary traumatic stress in public school teachers: contributing and mitigating factors

Although research has examined secondary traumatic stress (STS) among mental health workers, child welfare workers, and other human service professionals, such examination among public school teachers has only recently begun. This study represents the first investigation to examine the factors that influence STS levels in public School teachers. Qualitative methods were utilized to develop a thick description of the experience of educators relative to their STS level in public school settings. Themes that were explored included characteristics of students, class load size, and a personal history of trauma. Additional themes emerged during data analysis. The assessment also included extrapolation on the quantitative measures that were described in a previous study. Implications and recommendations for such programs are discussed.
Statutory Construction: Maryland State Police Ordered to Obey Agency’s Own Regulations

This seven-page 1988 article is titled “Statutory Construction: Maryland State Police Ordered to Obey Agency’s Own Regulations.” It was published in the University of Baltimore Law Forum. The article analyzes a case in which a law enforcement agency failed to follow the agency’s own administrative rules and regulations, making the police department subject to an injunction for that failure.
Pt–Au Nanoparticle Heterodimers as Seeds for Pt–Au–Metal Sulfide Heterotrimers: Thermal Stability and Chemoselective Growth Characteristics

Three-component colloidal hybrid nanoparticles are important multifunctional nanoscale constructs that present interesting and complex features. Their synthesis typically requires a third nanoscale material to nucleate and grow on a two-component heterodimer seed that has two distinct surfaces exposed and accessible. Identifying and understanding chemoselective growth behavior is therefore important for predicting the most favorable product in systems where multiple three-component configurations could be anticipated. Here, we studied Pt–Au heterodimers as seeds for the formation of several Pt–Au–MxSy (metal sulfide) heterotrimers. Pt and Au have similar lattice constants but different chemical preferences and metal–sulfur bond strengths, and the chosen metal sulfides included both crystalline and amorphous nanoparticles that span a range of threshold synthetic conditions required for them to form. These systems therefore allowed us to study the key factors that would be anticipated to contribute to chemo...
Factors Associated With Unplanned Hospitalizations Among Patients With Nonmetastatic Colorectal Cancers Intended for Treatment in the Ambulatory Setting.

Background Chemotherapy administration and supportive management for solid tumors is intended to take place in the ambulatory setting, but little is known about why some patients experience treatment-related adverse events so severe as to require acute inpatient care. Objective The aim of the study was to identify predictors of initial and repeated unplanned hospitalizations and potential financial impact among Medicare patients with early-stage (Stages I-III) colorectal cancer receiving outpatient chemotherapy. Methods Advanced statistical modeling was used to analyze a cohort of patients (N = 1,485) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database diagnosed from 2003 to 2007 with colorectal cancer as their first primary malignancy. Patients were of ages 66 and older at diagnosis, had uninterrupted Medicare Parts A and B coverage with no health maintenance organization component, and received chemotherapy at least one time. Results Female gender, younger age, multiple comorbidities, rural geography, higher high school completion rates, and lower median income per census tract were significant predictors of the likelihood of initial unplanned hospitalizations. Non-White race, receipt of radiation therapy, rural geography, and higher weighted comorbidity scores were factors associated with the number of hospitalizations experienced. The total Medicare charges calculated for these admissions was $38,976,171, with the median charge per admission at $20,412. Discussion Demographic and clinical factors that form the foundation of work toward development of a risk factor profile for unplanned hospitalization were identified. Further work is needed to incorporate additional clinical data to create a clinically applicable model.
PAC-4000APower Plant Auto Voltage Control Device Development

The hardware and software design of a new power plant automatic voltage control(AVC)device based on controller area network(CAN)field bus is presented,and the device safety design is discussed.The device uses a distributed architecture system and comprises the master,slave,and backstage machine.The master machine receives adjusting objectives from the main station,compares them with the real-time bus voltage,creates excitation current control objectives of each generator according to the control algorithm and sends the objectives to all slave machines.The slave machine verifies generator locking and constraints and executes excitation regulation via the automatic voltage regulator(AVR)or distributed control system (DCS).The backstage machine is responsible for data analysis and management.The device proposed adopts intelligent variable adjusting step technology to solve the discrepancy between control precision and control time.
Improving Management of Medical Equipment

The wide array of devices used in critical care areas of hospitals creates difficulties in keeping order. Disorganized equipment in these areas can lead to numerous issues including lower task efficiency for health care workers, potential safety hazards and infection control issues. An equipment mounting rail and adapter system is one of the best tools available to help manage and organize critical equipment. Current rail systems perform well in many respects yet but there are still a number of areas that may be improved. Improved interfaces for attaching and positioning equipment are needed to enhance safety and improve ease of use. As equipment rail systems are widely used backward compatibility is important to allow health care facilities to deploy enhanced equipment management systems while still leveraging their investment in current hardware. This will aid effectively and efficiently managing the deployment of new technologies in these settings.
TLS with trustworthy certificate authorities

Cloud platforms can leverage Trusted Platform Modules to help provide assurance to clients that cloud-based web services are trustworthy and behave as expected. We discuss a variety of approaches to providing this assurance, and we implement one approach based on the concept of a trustworthy certificate authority. TaoCA, our prototype implementation, links cryptographic attestations from a cloud platform, including a Trusted Platform Module, with existing TLS-based authentication mechanisms. TaoCA is designed to enable certificate authorities, browser vendors, system administrators, and end users to define and enforce a range of trust policies for web services. Evaluation of the prototype implementation demonstrates the feasibility of the design, illustrates performance tradeoffs, and serves as an end-to-end, proof-of-concept evaluation of underlying trustworthy computing abstractions. The proposed approach can be deployed incrementally and provides new benefits while retaining compatibility with the existing public key infrastructure used for TLS.
Criminally bad management

Because of their leverage over employees, corporate managers are prime targets for incentives to control corporate crime, even when managers do not themselves commit crimes. Moreover, the collective actions of corporate management — producing what is sometimes referred to as corporate culture — can be the cause of corporate crime, not just a locus of the failure to control it. Because civil liability and private compensation arrangements have limited effects on management behavior — and because the problem is, after all, crime — criminal law is often expected to intervene. This handbook chapter offers a functional explanation for corporate criminal liability: individual criminal liability cannot effectively address the relationship between senior managers and corporate crime but corporate criminal liability can, at least in part. Thus the practice of corporate criminal liability has grown and will continue to do so, at least in the absence of major restructuring of criminal law.