cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
R.N. Reed and G.H. Rodda (eds): Giant constrictors: biological and management profiles and an establishment risk assessment for nine large species of pythons, anacondas, and the boa constrictor

Giant Constrictors estimates ecological risks associated with colonization of the United States by the world’s four largest snakes (green anaconda, Indian or Burmese python, northern African python, and reticulated python) plus four very similar species (the southern African python, yellow anaconda, DeSchaunsee’s anaconda, and Beni anaconda) and the boa constrictor. Possible economic costs are also detailed but not quantified. This book follows massive publicity about the establishment in the Florida Everglades of a large population of the Burmese python. Deer and alligators are known to be taken by this behemoth, and further north in Florida a 4-m ‘‘pet’’ of this species recently strangled a 2-year old girl. Also, in their native ranges there are credible accounts that several others of these species have (rarely) killed people, and these facts alone should generate interest in Giant Constrictors. There is yet another angle; a paper by Rodda et al. (2009) using similar methods as this volume to forecast the climatically suitable U.S. range of the Burmese python galvanized opposition from ReptileChannel.com (‘‘the website for reptile lovers’’) and the ‘‘Reptile Nation,’’ a reptile-loving segment of the American population estimated at five million by USARK (United States Association of Reptile Keepers), and USARK has already responded with similar alarm to Giant Constrictors. The threat they see is not from the constrictors but from the possibility that this book will support federal legislation to ban the import of all large constrictors. Snake importation and the reptile pet trade are multimillion dollar industries, and these industries have successfully mobilized supporters to stymie invasive species legislation in the U.S. Congress.
List mode reconstruction for PET with motion compensation: a simulation study

Motion artifacts can be a significant factor that limits the image quality in high-resolution PET. Surveillance systems have been developed to track the movements of the subject during a scan. Development of reconstruction algorithms that are able to compensate for the subject motion will increase the potential of PET. In this paper we present a list mode likelihood reconstruction algorithm with the ability of motion compensation. The subject motion is explicitly modeled in the likelihood function. The detections of each detector pair are modeled as a Poisson process with time-varying rate function. The proposed method has several advantages over the existing methods. It uses all detected events and does not introduce any interpolation error. Computer simulations show that the proposed method can compensate simulated subject movements and that the reconstructed images have no visible motion artifacts.
A Technique for Automated Logical Database Design

Logical database design involves much analysis that is usually neglected in manual procedures because of the volume and tedium involved. By automating much of this analysis, not only can a canonical logical design be generated, but valuable diagnostics and design information can also be produced. This paper presents a review of the techniques and procedures involved.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Infection

Over the span of recorded history, the occurrence of serious infection after injury has been the rule rather than the exception, with such sequelae of our interaction with the microbial world often resulting in death. For centuries, infection after traumatic wounding was considered a desirable outcome, as evidenced by the epithet “laudable pus,” which, once drained, was associated with wound healing in those patients who were able to survive both the inciting event and the ensuing infection. During the past century, the development and use of anesthesia, fluid resuscitation, blood transfusion, and hemodynamic monitoring were key advances that allowed surgical practitioners to carry out increasingly complex procedures. However, before the widespread application of aseptic surgical technique and the subsequent discovery and therapeutic use of antimicrobial agents, the evolution and performance of even routine surgical procedures was hindered by the frequent association with serious, often life-threatening infections.
Cocaine-induced renal infarction: report of a case and review of the literature.

Background Cocaine abuse has been known to have detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system. Its toxicity has been associated with myocardial ischemia, cerebrovascular accidents and mesenteric ischemia. The pathophysiology of cocaine-related renal injury is multifactorial and involves renal hemodynamic changes, alterations in glomerular matrix synthesis, degradation and oxidative stress, and possibly induction of renal atherogenesis. Renal infarction as a result of cocaine exposure, however, is rarely reported in the literature.
TCRβ Transmembrane Tyrosines Are Required for Pre-TCR Function

The pre-TCR promotes thymocyte development in the αβ lineage. Productive rearrangement of the TCRβ locus triggers the assembly of the pre-TCR, which includes the pTα chain and CD3 eγδζ subunits. This complex receptor signals the up-regulation of CD4 and CD8 expression, thymocyte proliferation/survival, and the cessation of TCRβ rearrangements (allelic exclusion). In this study, we investigate the function of two conserved tyrosine residues located in the TCRβ chain transmembrane region of the pre-TCR. We show that replacement of both tyrosines with alanine and expression of the mutant receptor in RAG-1null thymocytes prevents surface expression and abolishes pre-TCR function relative to wild-type receptor. Replacement of both tyrosines with phenylalanines (YF double mutant) generates a complex phenotype in which thymocyte survival and proliferation are severely disrupted, differentiation is moderately disrupted, and allelic exclusion is unaffected. We further show that the YF double mutant receptor is expressed on the cell surface and associates with pTα and CD3e at the same level as does wild-type TCRβ, while association of the YF double mutant with CD3ζ is slightly reduced relative to wild type. These data demonstrate that pre-TCR signaling pathways leading to proliferation and survival, differentiation, and allelic exclusion are differently sensitive to subtle mutation-induced alterations in pre-TCR structure.
Re-Assessment of PrPSc Distribution in Sporadic and Variant CJD

Human prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders associated with an accumulation of PrPSc in the central nervous system (CNS). Of the human prion diseases, sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), which has no known origin, is the most common form while variant CJD (vCJD) is an acquired human prion disease reported to differ from other human prion diseases in its neurological, neuropathological, and biochemical phenotype. Peripheral tissue involvement in prion disease, as judged by PrPSc accumulation in the tonsil, spleen, and lymph node has been reported in vCJD as well as several animal models of prion diseases. However, this distribution of PrPSc has not been consistently reported for sCJD. We reexamined CNS and non-CNS tissue distribution and levels of PrPSc in both sCJD and vCJD. Using a sensitive immunoassay, termed SOFIA, we also assessed PrPSc levels in human body fluids from sCJD as well as in vCJD-infected humanized transgenic mice (Tg666). Unexpectedly, the levels of PrPSc in non-CNS human tissues (spleens, lymph nodes, tonsils) from both sCJD and vCJD did not differ significantly and, as expected, were several logs lower than in the brain. Using protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) followed by SOFIA, PrPSc was detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but not in urine or blood, in sCJD patients. In addition, using PMCA and SOFIA, we demonstrated that blood from vCJD-infected Tg666 mice showing clinical disease contained prion disease-associated seeding activity although the data was not statistically significant likely due to the limited number of samples examined. These studies provide a comparison of PrPSc in sCJD vs. vCJD as well as analysis of body fluids. Further, these studies also provide circumstantial evidence that in human prion diseases, as in the animal prion diseases, a direct comparison and intraspecies correlation cannot be made between the levels of PrPSc and infectivity.
Effect of Plasma Cell Tumor on Antibody Production by Mouse Spleen Cells

SummaryThe plasma cell tumor, X5563, grown in C3H/eb mice has been shown to reduce significantly the numbers of hemolytic plaques demonstrable among spleen cells of tumorous animals as compared to their controls 5 days after a primary intraperitoneal immunization with sheep erythrocytes. At the same time amounts of circulating hemagglutinin are also greatly reduced in the presence of this tumor during the primary response. Few plaques were found among spleen cells of mice receiving a second similar immunization whether the mice were tumorous or not although reasonably high circulating hemagglutinin titers were observed in these mice. From these results it was concluded that the X5563 tumor affects the production of IgM globulin to a more marked degree than it does IgG globulin production. Possible competitive processes are suggested to account for the observed suppressive effect of the tumor on antibody production.
Stencil Cleaning: An Area of Increasing Importance

Stencil cleaning has become both more difficult and more critical for modern surface mount technology. There is an increasing need for cleaning agents for stencils which are effective, safe for workers and safe for the environment. This paper describes a new laboratory test which was developed for predicting the performance of stencil cleaning formulations. A new aqueous, inorganic based cleaning agent has been developed which gives cleaning performance which was overall better than that of IPA. Testing was performed over a range of solder pastes. This performance advantage was confirmed with commercial stencil cleaning equipment. In addition to being very effective, this inorganic based stencil cleaner offers significant environmental and worker safety advantages.
Designing and managing local area networks: a survey of LAN personnel

Abstract A survey was conducted of planners of 45 local area networks (LANS) of personal computers used for office work found in a large metropolitan area. Usable responses were obtained from the planners of 27 of the LANS, a response rate of 60%. The planners were asked to rank 79 LAN planning criteria and to identify problems they encountered in managing the LANS. Twenty-one planning criteria were identified by planners as important or very important in the design of LANS. Five planning criteria were identified as unimportant by the planners. The planning criteria considered important varied between general purpose LANS and LANS primarily serving special applications. The planning criteria considered important also varied with LAN size. Few problems were encountered by the planners in this survey and the amount of time the planners felt should be committed to managing the LANS was modest. Installation problems were the most frequently cited.
Gender differences in mathematics strategy use

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine whether differences in first grade girls' and boys' strategy use could be predicted by their temperament characteristics. Eighty-four first grade students, 42 boys and 42 girls, from two suburban elementary schools participated in this study. Children were asked to solve addition and subtraction problems using any strategy they preferred. Attempted and correct strategy use, including the use of retrieval, cognitive strategies, and manipulatives, was observed as children solved these problems. Temperament, specifically the characteristics of impulsivity and inhibition, were assessed by teachers who completed the Temperament Assessment Battery [Psychological basis of early education (1988). London: Wiley; The Temperament Assessment Battery for Children: manual. (1988) Brandon, VT: Clinical Psychology Publishers.]. Results indicate that impulsivity and inhibition differentially predicted the selection and use of strategies for girls and boys. Specifically, boys' strategy use was related to their levels of impulsivity, while girls' strategy use was related to their levels of inhibition.
Polite Gaiety: Cultural Hierarchy and Musical Comedy, 1893-1904

In 1903, Alan Dale, the theater critic for the New York American and Journal, when contemplating the state of the American stage, came to the conclusion that “the only national theatre I can find, after severe cogitation, is that beautiful, flip, and classic commodity known as musical comedy.” Dale pointed out that musical comedy's exorbitant popularity was a recent development, emerging only in the previous five or ten years, and that his anointing of the form as the national theater would not sit well with more serious-minded devotees of drama. “Well read gentlemen with heavy minds,” wrote Dale, would prefer different sorts of productions, plays that “mere commercial managers don't want to stage and mere amusement seekers don't want to see.” Seeking an improbable bridge over this cultural divide, Dale suggested that “[Henrik] Ibsen might air his neat little views on heredity in happy verse set to music…[His] favorite subject of maggots on the brain” could feature a “chorus of pretty girls disguised as maggots.”
"About to meet her maker": women, doctors, dying declarations, and the state's investigation of abortion, Chicago, 1867-1940.

In March 1916, Carolina Petrovitis, a Lithuanian immigrant to Chicago, married and the mother of three, was in terrible pain following her abortion. Her friends called in Dr. Maurice Kahn. The doctor asked her, "Who did it for you[?]" He "coaxed" her to answer, then told her, "If you won[']t tell me what was done to you I can't handle your case." When Petrovitis finally revealed that a midwife had performed an abortion, Dr. Kahn called for an ambulance, sent her to a hospital, told the hospital physician of the situation, and suggested he "communicate with the Coroner's office." Three police officers soon arrived to question Petrovitis. With the permission of the hospital physician, Sgt. William E. O'Connor "instructed" an intern to "tell her she is going to die." The sergeant and another officer accompanied the intern to the woman's bedside. As the doctor told Petrovitis of her impending death, she "started to cryher eyes watered." Sure that Petrovitis realized she was about to die, the police then collected from her a "dying declaration" in which she named the midwife who performed her abortion, told where and when it was done and the price paid, and described the instruments used. Later the police brought in the midwife and asked Petrovitis "if this was the woman," and she nodded "yes." A third police officer drew up another dying statement "covering the facts." He read that
A symmetric BIBD with trivial automorphism group

Abstract Hall and Connor ( Canad. J. Math. 6 (1954) , 35–41) give iff conditions for a residual design to be embeddable in a symmetrical design. This article gives the corresponding theorem and proof for derived designs and uses this theorem to complete a BIBD (15, 35, 14, 6, 5) ( Hall, “Combinatorial Theory,” Ginn (Blaisdell), Boston, p. 295, #83; Rao, ( Sankhyā 23 (1961) , 117–127), #62) to 13 non-isomorphic SBIBD (36, 15, 6)s. Several of these symmetric designs have the trivial automorphism group, and one of them provides an example of a SBIBD (36, 21, 12) with a symmetric incidence matrix that has all 0s on the diagonal.
Initial antihypertensive drug therapy: Alpha blocker or diuretic: Interim report of a randomized, controlled trial☆

A two-center, randomized, controlled trial designed to evaluate and compare an alpha blocker and a diuretic as initial antihypertensive drug treatment is currently in progress. Approximately 100 men and women, aged 30 to 69 years, are being randomly assigned to treatment with either of these two agents. If diastolic blood pressure is not reduced to its target level and is 85 mm Hg or higher, the alternate agent is added. The alternate agent is substituted if a patient does not tolerate the assigned agent. This preliminary report presents data concerning 62 patients who completed at least three of the planned 12 months of drug treatment. At that point, the alpha blocker prazosin and the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide were similar in their ability to lower the average diastolic blood pressure to normal levels. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels declined in prazosin-treated patients but increased in hydrochlorothiazide-treated patients, a difference that was statistically significant. No significant weight change, a possible confounding variable, occurred in either group. More patients were unable to tolerate prazosin than were unable to tolerate hydrochlorothiazide (10 of 30 receiving prazosin, compared with three of 32 receiving hydrochlorothiazide). For those able to continue with prazosin, the favorable lipid response appears to be an asset in regard to reducing possible atherogenic effects of treatment.
Discordant immunophenotypic profiles of adhesion molecules and cytokines in acute myeloid leukemia involving bone marrow and skin.

We investigated the role of adhesion molecules in skin involvement by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) using immunohistochemical analysis. Ten paired cases of skin and bone marrow biopsy specimens from patients with myeloid leukemia cutis (MLC) and 15 bone marrow biopsy specimens from patients without MLC were studied with antibodies directed against CD29, CD34, CD54, CD62-L, CD183, and cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA). CLA was expressed in all cases of leukemia whereas CD54 was negative within blasts. CD62-L was expressed in 4 of 10 specimens of marrow infiltrates with MLC and 6 of 10 specimens of matching skin infiltrates; in marrows without MLC, only 2 of 15 were positive. CD29 was expressed in 1 of 10 marrow infiltrate specimens with MLC and 4 of 10 matching skin infiltrate specimens; in marrows without MLC, only 1 of 15 were positive. CD183 was expressed in 1 of 10 marrow infiltrate specimens with MLC and 4 of 10 matching skin infiltrate specimens; in marrows without MLC, CD183 was negative. The gain of CD62-L, CD29, and CD183 expression in bone marrow and skin infiltrates in leukemia cutis, relative to bone marrow infiltrates of cases without MLC, suggests a role for these markers in AML homing to skin. Upon completion of this activity you will be able to: The ASCP is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The ASCP designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit ™ per article. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. This activity qualifies as an American Board of Pathology Maintenance of Certification Part II Self-Assessment Module. The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose. Questions appear on p 307. Exam is located at [www.ascp.org/ajcpcme][1]. [1]: http://www.ascp.org/ajcpcme
Solutions for planar optical waveguide equations by selecting zero elements in a characteristic matrix

The propagation properties of optical planar waveguides with multilayer index profiles are analyzed by the transfer matrix of transmitted and reflected beam amplitudes in multilayers. The propagation wave number for guided-wave modes is obtained from the condition that certain elements in the transfer matrix must be zero. This numerical technique requires much shorter computer times compared with the usual method of solving the eigenvalue equations, obtained by setting the characteristic determinant to zero. The analysis is also applicable either to waveguides that have losses or to certain cases of uniaxial dielectric anisotropy. All waveguides are assumed to be magnetically isotropic. Some examples of the analysis of graded-index profiles and calculations of the effect of metal claddings and prism perturbations on guided modes are given.
Analysis of an electron shower associated with a very energetic He nucleus

An event has been observed which is interpreted as the direct production of an electron pair by a helium nucleus of the cosmic radiation. The primary helium nucleus has a measured energy of (1.7 ± 0.5) · 105 GeV. The pair has an energy of 20± 4 GeV and initiates an electron shower.
Unstable Coronary Artery Disease: Comparison of Medical and Surgical Treatment

In eighty-eight patients with arteriographic findings of obstructive coronary artery disease and the clinical picture of unstable angina pectoris, a decision on operative or nonoperative management was made by the attending physician. Fifty-three of them subsequently underwent aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafting and 35 were continued on a program of medical therapy. A marked difference in the course after the first 30 days was noted, with most of the surgically managed patients being either asymptomatic or greatly improved following coronary artery bypass. Two-thirds of the medically treated patients had persistent severe angina pectoris and non was asymptomatic in a follow-up period averaging 20 months. There were 2 late deaths in the medical group and none in the surgical group. These findings indicate that coronary artery bypass operations can be performed with low risk during the unstable phase of coronary artery disease and that relief of angina can be anticipated. In contrast, nonoperative management of unstable coronary artery disease carries an appreciable risk of death or myocardial infarction, and the majority of patients treated nonoperatively continue to experience angina.
Effects of asphericity on single-particle polarized light scattering

Polarized light scattering from individual particles has been analyzed to determine the effects of particle shape. Flow cytometric techniques were used on samples of spherical microspheres and naturally occurring marine algae. An analog of the depolarization ratio was obtained by using crossed polarizers in the source and detector of the flow cytometer. Results suggest that differences between the polarized light scattering of spheres and aspherical particles are not discernible unless the scattered intensities are normalized to the forward scattering, which is roughly equivalent to particulate cross section. This research indicates that polarized light scattering, when normalized to particle size, may provide an indication of the extent of asphericity of hydrosols.
Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for graft-versus-host disease after liver transplantation.

To the editor: A 74-year-old woman with hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma underwent deceased donor liver transplant (LT) from a male donor in August 2008. Donor and recipient were blood group A+ and 2-loci HLA matched (DR01 and DR15). Initial immunosuppression included a corticosteroid taper
Microwave-irradiation-assisted HVAC Filtration for Inactivation of Viral Aerosols

Inactivation of collected viral aerosols is important for preventing a filter medium’s serving as a fomite. The focus of this study was to evaluate the inactivation efficiency (IE) achieved through filtration coupled with microwave irradiation. MS2 aerosolized through a Collison nebulizer was fed into the system and collected onto the filter. For in-flight microwave decontamination, microwave irradiation was applied to an HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) filter supported on a SiC disk for three cycles of selected irradiation times per 10 min (i.e., 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 min/10 min) at power levels ranging from 125 W to 375 W. The survival fraction (SF) on the substrate and the IE through the entire system were investigated to determine the efficacy of this approach. SF decreased and IE increased as microwave power level was increased (p = 0.02 and p < 0.01, respectively) or the application time was extended (p = 0.03 and p < 0.01, respectively). Both measures changed sharply above a threshold temperature of around 90°C and reached 2 logs at 116 and 109°C, respectively. The log SF and IE of –2.59 and 3.62, respectively, were observed when the operating condition of 375 W for 10 min/cycle was used and the SiC disk facilitated microwave absorption. When a quartz frit was used as a support instead of the SiC disk, log inactivation efficiencies of 0.8, 1.0, and 1.3 were measured at relative humidities of 30%, 60% and 90%, respectively, under the same irradiation conditions. Relative humidity is a significant parameter from 50–80°C (p = 0.01). The results demonstrate that microwave-assisted filtration systems can be used as an effective means for inactivating viruses.
The coordination strategies of high-performing salespeople: Internal working relationships that drive success

The authors fill a gap in the salesperson performance literature by exploring the process that salespeople follow in coordinating the activities of ad hoc team members during high-opportunity customer engagements in the business market. In a two-phase study, the authors conduct depth interviews with salespeople and survey sales managers from a Fortune-100 company to identify the processes involved in the coordination of expertise. In Phase I, analysis of qualitative data reveals that higher-performing salespeople are more likely to (1) consider relational as well as technical skills when matching team members to customer requirements, (2) attract their preferred experts to the team, including a member to perform the project manager role, and (3) define the appropriate time in the sales cycle to initiate contact with the customer and deploy the team to the customer organization. Adopting a social network perspective in Phase II, the reputation of a salesperson’s internal working relationships and, to a lesser extent, the diversity and strength of their relationship ties are central in explaining effective coordination of expertise. In turn, coordination of expertise is linked to salesperson performance.
Molecular mechanisms underlying age-dependent alterations in calcium homeostasis: The need for more information and new tools

The picture that emerges from the numerous studies on altered calcium regulation in the nervous system as a function of aging does not permit the formulation of a scheme that accounts for available data. The solution to this dilemma requires a more complete understanding of the calcium regulating systems and new tools with which to probe the molecular events responsible for physiological and behavioral alterations in the aging organism.
Prediction and constancy of cognitive-motivational structures in mothers and their adolescents

Three clinically-derived, cognitive-motivational structures were predicted in 68 adolescents from their caregiving situations as revealed in their mothers' interviews, elicited six years earlier. Basic to each structure is a motivational concern and its related social cognitive style, a style which corresponds to a Piagetian cognitive stage: concrete operational, intuitive or symbolic. Because these structure types parse a non-clinical population, current views of health and accordingly goals of treatment may need modification.
Structural Data De-anonymization: Quantification, Practice, and Implications

In this paper, we study the quantification, practice, and implications of structural data (e.g., social data, mobility traces) De-Anonymization (DA). First, we address several open problems in structural data DA by quantifying perfect and (1-e)-perfect structural data DA}, where e is the error tolerated by a DA scheme. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on quantifying structural data DA under a general data model, which closes the gap between structural data DA practice and theory. Second, we conduct the first large-scale study on the de-anonymizability of 26 real world structural datasets, including Social Networks (SNs), Collaborations Networks, Communication Networks, Autonomous Systems, and Peer-to-Peer networks. We also quantitatively show the conditions for perfect and (1-e)-perfect DA of the 26 datasets. Third, following our quantification, we design a practical and novel single-phase cold start Optimization based DA} (ODA) algorithm. Experimental analysis of ODA shows that about 77.7% - 83.3% of the users in Gowalla (.2M users and 1M edges) and 86.9% - 95.5% of the users in Google+ (4.7M users and 90.8M edges) are de-anonymizable in different scenarios, which implies optimization based DA is implementable and powerful in practice. Finally, we discuss the implications of our DA quantification and ODA and provide some general suggestions for future secure data publishing.
Psychoimmunological dysregulation in multiple sclerosis.

Studies examining the relationship between immunologic and psychologic states have been conducted primarily on medically healthy adults experiencing psychological distress. The overall findings point to an association between distress and cell-mediated immunodysregulation. The current study sought to extend the psychoimmunologic literature by examining the relationship between mood and immunity in persons with a preexisting hyperimmune disorder: multiple sclerosis (MS). Psychologic, neurologic, and immunologic status were examined in 15 carefully screened MS patients. Disease-specific (hyperimmune) dysregulation was related to psychologic distress, hut not to severity of disease. The relationship between immunity and mood in MS is discussed.
Is newer necessarily better?: assessment of a computer tutorial on neuroanatomical localization.

Advances in computer technology provide opportunities to present educational material in novel formats, but it is not known whether these approaches are more effective than traditional teaching methods. In an attempt to address this question, I developed a computer tutorial regarding neuroanatomical localization. Localization is often difficult for medical students to learn, and a computer tutorial is an ideal format for teaching students a systematic approach that requires them to remember only a few general principles and a broad outline of the course of a few major fiber tracts. The computer tutorial contained 35 cases, all in the same format: students were presented with two or three symptoms or signs and asked to identify all levels of the CNS for which a unilateral isolated lesion at that level could produce both (or all three) of the symptoms. Students whose answer was incorrect or incomplete were asked to identify the nervous system pathways corresponding to each symptom and the levels where these pathways …
Intracellular pH in single Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells can be stained with the pH dependent fluorochrome BCECF, to monitor shifts in intracellular pH in individual cells using flow cytometry. Cells stained in the presence of ethanol were found to be stained as much as 100 times more intensely as cells without ethanol. Cells that have been starved for the carbon source showed a significant shift in intracellular pH upon refeeding with a metabolizable carbon source within 3 minutes.
Interhemispheric comparison of the development of the stratospheric polar vortex during fall: A 3-dimensional perspective for 1991-1992

The development of the stratospheric polar vortex during fall and early winter in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) during 1991-1992, and the Southern Hemisphere (SH) during 1992 is examined using National Meteorological Center data. Compared to the NH, the polar vortex in the SH developed with less variability on short time scales, deepened more rapidly and continued to expand well into winter. Daily minimum temperatures in the lower stratosphere were lowest at equivalent seasonal dates in both hemispheres, but values below the condensation temperatures of polar stratospheric clouds occurred earlier, persisted much longer, and occupied a larger volume of air in the SH. These interhemispheric meteorological differences can account for some of the key features of the chlorine monoxide distributions observed by the Microwave Limb Sounder on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite.
Solar production of singlet oxygen from crude oil films on water

Abstract Photochemical production of singlet oxygen from thin oil films over seawater and pure water was measured with furfuryl alcohol as a selective chemical probe. Oil was collected from the surface of the Gulf of Mexico following the deepwater horizon spill and from other sources. The loss of furfuryl alcohol and the formation of 6-hydroxy(2H)pyran-3(6H)-one were monitored. Total singlet oxygen formation was studied using high furfuryl alcohol concentrations and varying exposure time. The total amount of singlet oxygen produced in 1 h irradiations of thin oil films (100 mg, 60 microns thick) over Gulf of Mexico water and pure water were 1.9 ± 0.4 × 10−5 and 1.6 ± 0.3 × 10−5 mol, respectively. After initial tests were performed, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials were added to the system in two different concentrations to study the effects of singlet oxygen formation in the presence of a photocatalyst. The addition of TiO2 nanoparticles did not significantly change the observed formation rate of singlet oxygen. Steady state concentrations of photoproduced singlet oxygen were also determined and found to be near 1 × 10−12 M in water under thin films of oil, which is considerably greater than values previously observed for pure seawater. This study illustrates that oil is a source of singlet oxygen when exposed to sunlight. The fate of oil and other dissolved species will be heavily dependent on the formation and reaction of singlet oxygen in thin oil films on water.
Conjugate Addition-Decarboxylation of Magnesium Monoethyl Malonate to Enones: A Convenient One-Flask Addition of Acetate

Abstract We described recently1 an improved procedure for carrying out the malonic ester synthesis whereby alkylation and decarboxylation occur in a single pot. This is accomplished by alkylating the dilithio salt of monoethyl malonic acid and then warming the resultant product.
The evolution of a philosophy and practice of evaluation advice

Advice regarding evaluation can be solicited, given, and used in a variety of informal to formal practices, which can range from unstructured to highly structured. Gathering input into an evaluation is intended to include other perspectives and voices into a process so that the evaluation is cocreated with others to enhance its rigor, relevance, and utility. In evaluation practice, the advice system should be integrated within a model of evaluation practice and should be a component of effectively managing one or more evaluation studies. The authors draw on a combined 40-year career in evaluation and in advice giving to review their increasingly sophisticated advice-system practice. This history is mined for some real-world problems encountered and how these were addressed. Finally, the article provides suggestions on how an evaluator can include soliciting advice to create a shared understanding necessary for good evaluation practice. This we call the evaluation facilitator. ©Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Public managed care: The role of the consultant

Consultants will be increasingly important as public systems retool to fund and monitor managed behavioral health care services. Medicaid agencies, heretofore limited primarily to paying claims, must now develop expertise in RFP preparation and managing contracts.
MYCOBACTERIAL INFECTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE

Patients with chronic renal failure have impaired cell-mediated and humoral immunities (see article by Pesanti). These patients may have diabetes and autoimmune disease in addition to uremia. In the case of renal transplantation, patients are on immunosuppressive therapy. Mycobacterial infections have been described in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and after renal transplantation.
15 KVA static uninterruptible power conditioner

The Army needs a light weight, reliable and economical uninterruptible power conditioner (UPC) capable of converting those input voltages and frequencies from various power sources to power conforming to military standards. Only static UPC was assumed to have the potential to meet military objectives. The alternative approaches vary in degree of risk, cost, weight and performance growth potential. The circuitry and performance characteristics for three approaches are discussed. The limitations of existing solid state devices are discussed. Predictions of physical characteristics for future UPC utilizing these technologies and circuits are provided.
Satisfaction of early breast cancer patients with discussions during initial oncology consultations with a medical oncologist.

Objective The purpose of this report is to extend the current understanding of patient satisfaction by examining expectations of a sample of breast cancer patients and concordance with their medical oncologists about the content of consultations and the importance of consultation items.
Active modal control for smart structures

Of the multitude of control techniques available, modal control is a favourite amongst structural dynamicists because of its connection to design, intuition and testing. Here we review the stateoft...
Auxotrophic basis for the envelope-defective phenotype of anEscherichia coli mutant

A mutant ofEscherichia coli K-12, originally though to lack the major murein lipoprotein (product of the1pp gene) was found to contain an intact1pp locus and to exhibit multiple physiological defects. These included altered morphology, sensitivity to glycine, sensitivity to high temperature, and absolute requirement for certain vitamin B6 derivatives. The genetic properties of the mutant indicated that a chromosomal inversion had caused inactivation of thepdxH (pyridoxine phosphate oxidase) gene. Behavior of this and other Pdx− mutants indicated that growth in unsupplemented complex medium can lead to pyridoxal phosphate limitation and concomitant impairment of cell wall biosynthesis.
Surface Structure of Zinc Phosphate Dental Cements

When zinc phosphate cement is formed enclosed between a glass plate and a tooth surface, it retains the excess moisture available at the time of setting. This causes the cement surfaces to become covered with weakly held crystals of hopeite (3 ZnO·P2 O5 · 4 H2O). Crystals of hopeite also are evident at the surfaces of a zinc phosphate cement inserted into a tooth cavity.
Quantitative trait locus mapping of the transpiration ratio related to preflowering drought tolerance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

To meet future food needs, grain production must increase despite reduced water availability, so waterproductivity must rise. One way to do this is to raise the ratio of biomass produced to water transpired, which is controlled by the ratio of CO2 assimilation (A) to transpiration (E) (i.e. the transpiration ratio, A : E divided by vapour pressure deficit) or anything affecting stomatal movement.. We describe the genetic variation and basis of A, E and A : E among 70 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), using greenhouse experiments. Experiment 1 used 40% and 80% of field capacity (FC) as water regimes; Experiment 2 used 80% FC. Genotype had a significant effect on A, E and A : E. In Experiment 1, mean values for A : E were 1.2–4.4 mmol CO2 mol–1 H2O kPa–1 and 1.6–3.1 mmol CO2 mol–1 H2O kPa–1 under 40% and 80% FC, respectively. In Experiment 2, values were 5.6–9.8 mmol CO2 mol–1 H2O kPa–1. Pooled data for A : E and A : E VPD–1 from Experiment 1 indicate that A : E fell quickly at temperatures >32.3°C. A : E distributions were skewed. Mean heritabilities for A : E were 0.9 (40% FC) and 0.8 (80% FC). Three significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with A:E, two on SBI-09 and one on SBI-10, accounted for 17–21% of the phenotypic variation. Subsequent experiments identified 38 QTLs controlling variation in height, flowering, biomass, leaf area, greenness and stomatal density. Colocalisation of A : E QTLs with agronomic traits indicated that these QTLs can be used for improving sorghum performance through marker assisted selection (MAS) under preflowering drought stress.
Intertidal distribution of infauna in a central California lagoon: the role of seasonal blooms of macroalgae

Abstract This study examined the roles of seasonal blooms of green algae, Ulva expansa (Setchell) Setchell et Gardner, and biotic disturbance by burrowing ghost shrimp, Callianassa gigas Dana, and foraging rays, on the intertidal distributions of a phoronid, Phoronopsis viridis Hilton, and a tellinid bivalve, Macoma nasuta (Conrad). Algal removal experiments in 1984 and 1986 demonstrated that heavy seasonal algal cover in the lower zone significantly reduced the abundances of both Phoronopsis and Macoma . Growth of Macoma transplanted into the algal zone was significantly lower in plots with algal cover than in plots regularly cleared of algae. Algal cover did not significantly affect early recruitment of either Phoronopsis or Macoma . Neither ghost shrimp nor rays appeared to reduce the abundances of phoronids or clams, although ray disturbance did result in a significant increase in the proportion of phoronids regenerating dorsal body parts. These results indicate that seasonal algal blooms are capable of producing discrete patterns of infaunal distribution in intertidal sedimentary habitats.
IL-5 production by bone marrow stromal cells: implications for eosinophilia associated with asthma.

Abstract Background: Eosinophil infiltration of bronchial tissue is a hallmark of asthma. Recruitment of eosinophils into pulmonary tissue is dependent on the presence of IL-5. In addition, IL-5 plays a significant role in the differentiation, proliferation, and maturation of eosinophil progenitor cells in the bone marrow before recruitment into the lung. The contribution of bone marrow eosinophil production to eosinophilia associated with asthma is poorly understood. Objective: The aims of this study were to determine whether bone marrow stromal cells produce IL-5 and to determine whether IL-5 production by stromal cells is upregulated by IL-1, an inflammatory cytokine associated with asthma. Methods: IL-5 messenger (m)RNA from bone marrow stromal cells was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Stromal cells were lysed, and IL-5 protein production was measured by ELISA. Upregulation of stromal cell IL-5 transcription, translation, and functional effect on eosinophil differentiation was evaluated after stimulation with recombinant IL-1α and IL-1β and compared with untreated cells. Results: Bone marrow stromal cells transcribe and translate IL-5. The nucleotide sequence of IL-5 mRNA from stromal cells was identical to that previously reported for murine T cells. IL-5 mRNA abundance in stromal cells increased with increasing cell confluence in culture. IL-5 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated by exposure of stromal cells to the inflammatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-1β. Exposure of stromal cells to IL-1 resulted in increased eosinophil differentiation in coculture experiments with nonadherent bone marrow cells. Conclusion: The production of IL-5 mRNA and protein by bone marrow stromal cells is a novel finding that has implications for both normal eosinophilopoiesis and development of the accelerated eosinophil production associated with asthma. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;106:329-36.)
Angular distribution of electrons elastically scattered from hydrogen atoms.

We have measured absolute differential cross sections of atomic hydrogen by electron impact. A modulated crossed-beam method was used. The energy and angular range measured were from 40 to 200 eV and from 12{degree} to 156{degree}, respectively. Atomic hydrogen was generated by a microwave discharge device. The present results were compared with the previous measurement by Williams (J. Phys. B 8, 1683 (1975); 8, 2191 (1975)) and a few theoretical results. There is relatively good agreement in the forward scattering, but a signficant discrepancy has been found in the extreme backward direction in this energy region. In general, the present results are larger than the previous measurement and theoretical results by more than a factor of 3 at extreme angles. The present results of the integrated cross sections are in good agreement with the previous measurement and theoretical predictions, even though there are disagreements in the backward scattering due to the very small differential cross sections in the backward angles.
Hæmoglobin : Reversal of Oxidation and Polymerization in Turtle Red Cells

HAEMOGLOBINS from the turtle, Chelydra serpentina, the frog, Rana catesbeiana, and certain strains of mice have been shown to polymerize in vitro1. Polymerization to an octamer began after haemolysis and was completely inhibited by either N-ethylmaleimide or iodoacetamide. Experiments to be described here indicate that oxidized and polymerized haemoglobin appears to be a frequent constituent in high concentrations in the red cells of some species of turtles. This polymerization and oxidation of haemoglobin can be reversed by incubation of the cells with plasma, and appears to involve the formation of double molecules linked by one or more disulphide bridges. Disulphide bonds are suggested both by the finding that very low concentrations of mercaptoethanol dissociate already formed polymer and by the inhibition of polymerization by −SH reagents.
Epidemiology and Ecology of H3N8 Canine Influenza Viruses in US Shelter Dogs

Background H3N8 canine influenza virus (CIV) infection might contribute to increased duration of shelter stay for dogs. Greater understanding of factors contributing to CIV within shelters could help veterinarians identify control measures for CIV. Objectives To assess community to shelter dog CIV transmission, estimate true prevalence of CIV, and determine risk factors associated with CIV in humane shelters. Animals 5,160 dogs upon intake or discharge from 6 US humane shelters, December 2009 through January 2012. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed with prospective convenience sampling of 40 dogs from each shelter monthly. Nasal swabs and serum samples were collected. Hemagglutination inhibition and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays were performed for each nasal and serum sample. True prevalence was estimated by stochastic latent class analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with CIV shedding and seropositivity. Results Nasal swabs were positive from 4.4% of New York (NY), 4.7% of Colorado (CO), 3.2% of South Carolina, 1.2% of Florida, and 0% of California and Texas shelter dogs sampled. Seropositivity was the highest in the CO shelter dogs at 10%, and NY at 8.5%. Other shelters had 0% seropositivity. Information-theoretic analyses suggested that CIV shedding was associated with region, month, and year (model weight = 0.95) and comingling/cohousing (model weight = 0.92). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Community dogs are a likely source of CIV introduction into humane shelters and once CIV has become established, dog-to-dog transmission maintains the virus within a shelter.