cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
β-Glucosidases associated with cyanogenesis in Stemphylium leafspot of birdsfoot trefoil

Abstract Host and pathogen (β-glucosidases from birdsfoot trefoil leaves infected with Stemphylium loti were readily distinguished from each other by column chromatography, substrate specificity, pH optima and by sensitivity to and inactivation by temperature, buffer system, purification and storage at 5 and −20 °C. Host β-glucosidase from healthy leaves was like that from diseased leaves. Pathogen β-glucosidase was comparable in properties whether obtained from diseased leaves of HCN-positive plants (containing both cyanogenic substrate and host β-glucosidase), diseased leaves of HCN-negative plants (containing cyanogenic substrate but no host β-glucosidase), or cultures of S. loti grown on trefoil leaf extract or autoclaved leaves. Activity of host β-glucosidase declined and activity of pathogen β-glucosidase increased over-time in HCN-positive leaves sampled immediately upon inoculation and daily thereafter up to day 5, when only pathogen enzyme was detected. Necrotic tissue yielded only pathogen enzyme. β-Glucosidase remained uniformly high in healthy plants for 6 days.
Functional Mapping of Connexin Pores Reveals Different Pore Topologies and the Location of a Channel Gate

Using the substituted cysteine accessibility method (SCAM), residues in M1 in hemichannels of Cx46 and a Cx32/43 chimera, and M2 and M3 in gap junctions of Cx32 have been identified as lining the pore. We have now conducted a comprehensive comparison map of Cx50 gap junction channels and found that the orthologous residues mapped in M3 of Cx32 are also reactive in Cx50, with one exception near the extracellular end of the helix. Residues in M2 are also reactive in Cx50, but only one is in common with Cx32 (V84), while the other three sites define a different face of M2. Unlike hemichannels, no reactivity was evident in M1 of gap junction channels. We have used several strategies to minimize artifacts by reacting sites from both ends of the gap junction channel and showing that charged thiol reagents could predictably change the ion selectivity of the pore at specific sites proposed to line the pore. These studies provide the first evidence that different connexin channels have distinct topologies that can explain large and often uncorrelated differences in their channel conductance and size exclusion limits. It also suggests that the pore lining topologies of hemichannels and gap junctions may be different. We have extended these studies to map the site where the Cx32 channel closes in response to voltage. Utilizing a disease associated mutation (M34T) to induce a closed state of the channel that can be opened with voltage, we have tested accessibility of residues in M3 from both ends of the channel, and mapped the site of occlusion in the pore to one turn of the M3 helix and also detected a conformational change in M1 consistent with a rotation of this helix.
Dance in augmented reality: calibration and applications

Dance expresses and translates human experience into meaningful body forms, transcending cultural barriers and language. Ideas and concepts can be portrayed through each dancer's movement on the stage. Mixing cutting edge technologies into contemporary fine arts creates opportunities for human imagination and advances development of futuristic technologies. Augmented Reality (AR) is this technology, and we envision the use of AR in avantgarde dance, interactive media, and story telling. Dance and Engineering in Augmented Reality (DEAR) is a collaborative effort between artists and engineers. Through this project, we will realize multiple creative works that take advantage of AR in an integral and non trivial manner. As part of this paper, we describe our application of the technology in dance and propose a simple projector camera calibration method for projection mapping installations. With an easier setup, we hope enable and inspire future AR pieces from talented artists, computer engineers and computer scientists.
Environmental photochemistry: Electron transfer from excited humic acid to TiO2 colloids and semiconductor mediated reduction of oxazine dyes by humic acid

The ability of naturally occurring Suwanee River Humic acid to sensitize a large bandgap semiconductor such as colloidal TiO2 has been investigated by fluorescence emission. The charge injected from the humic acid sensitizer into the semiconductor was used to reduce a series of oxazine dyes viz:, N,N,N’,N’-tetraethyloxonine and Nile Blue A. The mechanism of such a sensitized reduction process was elucidated by laser flash photolysis methods. The quantum yield for such a reduction calculated from these transient absorption techniques was 0.005.
COIL chemical kinetics package revisited: a re-analysis of molecular iodine dissociation rate data

ABSTRACT New fits to the molecular iodine dissociation rate data of Heidner et a!. (J. Phys. Chem. 87, 2348-60, 1983) were obtainedwith the goals of achieving a better overall representation of the experimental data and determining a set of rate constantscompatible with the assumption that the dissociation intermediate I2 is vibrationally excited '2 Improved rate constants wereobtained that are significantly different from those used in current computational models of COIL systems. While the new rateconstants provided a better representation of the experimental data, troubling discrepancies remain. New reactions involvingelectronically excited iodine (12*) were then added to the model in an attempt to resolve these discrepancies. Preliminarycalculations indicate that 12* kinetics provide only a minor path to dissociation and that these model deficiencies will not beresolved by adding electronically excited iodine channels.Keywords: COIL, iodine dissociation, kinetics 1. INTRODUCTION
Ecological effects of produced water effluents from offshore oil and gas production platforms

Abstract The literature pertaining to the composition of produced waters and the fates and effects of these effluents in the marine environment has been reviewed. Discussions of lethal and sublethal effects have been complemented by considerations of data relating to crude oils, petroleum products, and individual constituents. Two distinct strategies have been employed in attempts at discerning the ecological effects of produced water effluents: predictive and observational. The predictive approach involves determining the composition of the effluents and considering the toxicities of individual components in an attempt to deduce the overall toxicity of the effluent. The observational approach, although site-specific, provides direct and unequivocal information relating to ‘real-world’ effects. By combining both the predictive approach and the observational approach, it can be concluded with a high degree of confidence that current practises for the disposal of produced waters are ecologically sound.
Surgical management of complete atrioventricular canal associated with tetralogy of Fallot.

Between 1984 and 1993, 12 children with an atrioventricular canal and tetralogy of Fallot underwent surgical repair. The mean(s.d.) age at operation was 58(18) months, and the mean(s.d.) body weight 15(4) kg. Nine patients underwent 11 palliative procedures. The ventricular septal defect was closed through a combined (right atrial and right ventricular) approach in nine cases, and through a right atrial approach in three, using a prosthetic patch with a wide anterior extension, secured with a running suture. The 'ostium primum' defect was closed with a separate prosthetic patch in 11 cases (double-patch technique). Right ventricular outflow obstruction was relieved by a composite infundibular patch (seven cases) or a transanular patch (five). There were four hospital deaths (33%). These were caused by low cardiac output in three cases and infection in one (three deaths occurred in patients with a transanular patch). One patient has so far died during follow-up. Assessment at 50(36) months by echo-Doppler showed moderate-to-severe 'mitral' regurgitation in three cases, and moderate 'tricuspid' regurgitation with right ventricular dysfunction in one case. Two patients have required further surgery.
Autoregulation of blood flow in peripheral vascular beds.

Abstract Blood flow through the vascular beds of innervated and acutely denervated gastrocnemius-plantaris and gracilis muscles of dogs was studied following sudden changes of perfusing pressure or blood flow. These vascular beds exhibited autoregulation of blood flow. When the muscle was contracting intermittently the degree of autoregulation was equal to that of resting muscle but at a higher level of blood flow. The level of blood flow which was autoregulated was relatively proportional to the metabolic rate. It appears that the autoregulation phenomenon is linked to the metabolism of the muscle.
FSH-induced aromatase activity in hamster granulosa cells: effect of estradiol-17β in vitro

We have shown previously that estradiol-17β (E2) reduces number of ovulations in cyclic rats, induces atresia of the dominant preovulatory follicle in monkeys, and that the initial effects of this treatment include reduced viability and estrogen accumulation in vitro by aspirated granulosa cells (GC) from monkeys and hamsters. The present experiment was designed to determine whether the reduction in estrogen accumulation can be ascribed to a direct action of E2 on the aromatization of androgen to estrogen in vitro. Female hamsters were injected with 30 I.U. pregnant-mare serum gonadotropin i.p. and sacrificed 3 days later. GC were aspirated from the largest follicles and incubated for 48 h (“initial incubation” period) in the presence of human pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (hFSH, 100 ng/ml). Following initial incubation, GC were further incubated for up to 24 h (“secondary incubation” period). During this subsequent incubation, medium was supplemented with 100nM 3H-1β-androstenedione (3H-A4). Initial incubation with E2 at doses of 10 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml and 1 μm E2/ml induced variability in GC response, and a maximal depression of ∼70%. The inhibition by E2 of hamster GC function in vitro parallels that shown in vivo for both hamsters and monkeys, but contrasts with that shown for rats. Thus, hamsters may represent an appropriate model in which to study the atretogenic effects of E2 directly on antral follicle development.
Larval Exposure to 4-Nonylphenol and 17β-Estradiol Affects Physiological and Behavioral Development of Seawater Adaptation in Atlantic Salmon Smolts

Population declines of anadromous salmonids are attributed to anthropogenic disturbances including dams, commercial and recreational fisheries, and pollutants, such as estrogenic compounds. Nonylphenol (NP), a xenoestrogen, is widespread in the aquatic environment due to its use in agricultural, industrial, and household products. We exposed Atlantic salmon yolk-sac larvae to waterborne 10 or 100 μg L-1 NP (NP-L or NP-H, respectively), 2 μg L-1 17β-estradiol (E2), or vehicle, for 21 days to investigate their effects on smolt physiology and behavior 1 year later. NP-H caused approximately 50% mortality during exposure, 30 days after exposure, and 60 days after exposure. Mortality rates of NP-L and E2 fish were not affected until 60 days after treatment, when they were 4-fold greater than those of controls. Treatment with NP-L or E2 as yolk-sac larvae decreased gill sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K+-ATPase) activity and seawater (SW) tolerance during smolt development, 1 year after...
The Respiratory System

This chapter addresses upper airway physiology for the pediatric intensivist, focusing on functions that affect ventilation, with an emphasis on laryngeal physiology and control in breathing. Effective control of breathing ensures that the airway is protected, maintains volume homeostasis, and provides ventilation. Upper airway structures are effectors for all of these functions that affect the entire airway. Nasal functions include air conditioning and protective reflexes that can be exaggerated and involve circulatory changes. Oral cavity and pharyngeal patency enable airflow and feeding, but during sleep pharyngeal closure can result in apnea. Coordination of breathing with sucking and nutritive swallowing alters during development, while nonnutritive swallowing at all ages limits aspiration. Laryngeal functions in breathing include protection of the subglottic airway, active maintenance of its absolute volume, and control of tidal flow patterns. These are vital functions for normal lung growth in fetal life and during rapid adaptations to breathing challenges from birth through adulthood. Active central control of breathing focuses on the coordination of laryngeal and diaphragmatic activities, which adapts according to the integration of central and peripheral inputs. For the intensivist, knowledge of upper airway physiology can be applied to improve respiratory support. In a second part the mechanical properties of the respiratory system as a critical component of the chain of events that result in translation of the output of the respiratory rhythm generator to ventilation are described. A comprehensive understanding of respiratory mechanics is essential to the delivery of optimized and individualized mechanical ventilation. The basic elements of respiratory mechanics will be described and developmental changes in the airways, lungs, and chest wall that impact on measurement of respiratory mechanics with advancing postnatal age are reviewed. This will be follwowed by two sections, the first on respiratory mechanics in various neonatal pathologies and the second in pediatric pathologies. The latter can be classified in three categories. First, restrictive diseases may be of pulmonary origin, such as chronic interstitial lung diseases or acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, which are usually associated with reduced lung compliance. Restrictive diseases may also be due to chest wall abnormalities such as obesity or scoliosis (idiopathic or secondary to neuromuscular diseases), which are associated with a reduction in chest wall compliance. Second, obstructive diseases are represented by asthma and wheezing disorders, cystic fibrosis, long term sequelae of neonatal lung disease and bronchiolitis obliterans following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Obstructive diseases are defined by a reduced FEV1/VC ratio. Third, neuromuscular diseases, mainly represented by DMD and SMA, are associated with a decrease in vital capacity linked to respiratory muscle weakness that is better detected by PImax, PEmax and SNIP measurements.
A no-frills architecture for lightweight answer retrieval

In a new model for answer retrieval, document collections are distilled offline into large repositories of facts. Each fact constitutes a potential direct answer to questions seeking a particular kind of entity or relation, such as questions asking about the date of particular events. Question answering becomes equivalent to online fact retrieval, which greatly simplifies the de-facto system architecture.
PROCESS CAPABILITY ANALYSIS USING PERSONAL COMPUTERS

The author discusses some of the practical and statistical aspects of process capability analysis (PCA). Included is a discussion of the purpose of capability analysis, which is simply to compare a controlled process with established requirements. By ma..
Calcium-dependent Signaling Pathways in T Cells POTENTIAL ROLE OF CALPAIN, PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE 1B, AND p130Cas IN INTEGRIN-MEDIATED SIGNALING EVENTS

Engagement of β1 integrin receptors initiates an increase in intracellular calcium concentrations in T cells, potentially affecting calcium-sensitive signaling pathways. The calcium-activated cysteine protease, calpain, regulates a variety of cell functions by calcium-dependent limited proteolysis. To investigate the function of calpain in T cells, we sought to determine the role of this protease in calcium-dependent signaling events. Subsequent to elevations in intracellular calcium concentrations induced by ionomycin or adherence to fibronectin, calpain activity translocated to the cytoskeletal/membrane fraction of T cells. In addition, stimulation of T cells with these agents initiated the proteolytic cleavage of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B by calpain. Enzymatic cleavage of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B occurs near the endoplasmic reticulum-targeting sequence and results in the generation of an enzymatically active form of the phosphatase. Furthermore, we show that both the native and the cleaved forms of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B interact with p130Cas in T cells. This interaction may serve to relocate protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B to sites of focal contact resulting in potential interactions with substrates previously inaccessible to the endoplasmic reticulum-associated phosphatase. Thus, we describe a novel calcium-dependent signaling pathway in T cells that may mediate signals generated by β1 integrin adherence to the extracellular matrix.
Pathways of Passion Identity Centrality, Passion, and Behavior Among Entrepreneurs

This study examines the role of passion among entrepreneurs. In particular, the authors integrate identity theory with the literature surrounding passion to investigate the possible pathways through which entrepreneurial identities might influence passion, as well as the relationship between entrepreneurs’ passion and behavior. Structural equation modeling of responses from 221 entrepreneurs suggests that passion rises and falls in connection with entrepreneurial identity centrality and, furthermore, that passion is associated with individual entrepreneurial behavior and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. This research provides a starting point for investigating the factors that may impact the development of entrepreneurs’ passion as well as the specific mechanisms through which passion energizes entrepreneurial action.
Poor women and parish public health in sixteenth-century London

While there is much excellent scholarship on the topics of poor relief and plague management in England, less attention has been paid to how they function together, especially given that they were housed in the same administrative unit of the parish. This article focuses on one key area of overlap: the medical labour performed by poor women as nurses or ‘keepers’ for their neighbours and as ‘searchers’ for epidemiological purposes in the period 1560–1600. Examining primarily parish records, such as churchwardens’ account books and vestry minutes, I make a three-fold argument: first, women's labour became systematized as part of charitable parish care, as keeping duties rose to the level of visible economic exchange; second, the labour of keeping provided the foundation for the development of women's roles as plague searchers; and third, together those roles indicate a deliberate structure implemented in London to confront issues of public health (poverty, vagrancy, epidemics) that is worth considering in its own right.
Computing block-angular Karmarkar projections with applications to stochastic programming

We present a variant of Karmarkar's algorithm for block-angular structured linear programs, such as stochastic linear programs. By computing the projection efficiently, we give a worst-case bound on the order of the running time that can be an order of magnitude better than that of Karmarkar's standard algorithm. Further implications for approximations and very large-scale problems are given.
The Influence of Upper-Tropospheric Potential Vorticity on Convective Morphology

Abstract Extensive research has illuminated the roles that buoyancy and vertical wind shear have in determining convective mode. The goal of this study is to examine synoptic forcing, as measured by the form of the waves on the dynamic tropopause and the strength of the resultant temperature advection, together with the environmental variables that are currently used to differentiate storm type. Logistic regression is used to make this discrimination and provides the preliminary results. First, multicellular lines and isolated rotating cells are associated with weaker synoptic forcing. Second, where an upper-level feature is present, multicellular convection (lines and clusters combined) is favored relative to isolated storms when there is stronger synoptic forcing, the shape of the upper-level potential vorticity (PV) feature is elongated, and there is a more southerly component in the deep-layer (0–6 km) mean wind. Third, when an upper-level feature is present and the convection is multicellular, cluste...
Myosin-VIIb, a novel unconventional myosin, is a constituent of microvilli in transporting epithelia.

Mouse myosin-VIIb, a novel unconventional myosin, was cloned from the inner ear and kidney. The human myosin-VIIb (HGMW-approved symbol MYO7B) sequence and exon structure were then deduced from a human BAC clone. The mouse gene was mapped to chromosome 18, approximately 0.5 cM proximal to D18Mit12. The human gene location at 2q21.1 was deduced from the map location of the BAC and confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Myosin-VIIb has a conserved myosin head domain, five IQ domains, two MyTH4 domains coupled to two FERM domains, and an SH3 domain. A phylogenetic analysis based on the MyTH4 domains suggests that the coupled MyTH and FERM domains were duplicated in myosin evolution before separation into different classes. Myosin-VIIb is expressed primarily in kidney and intestine, as shown by Northern and immunoblot analyses. An antibody to myosin-VIIb labeled proximal tubule cells of the kidney and enterocytes of the intestine, specifically the distal tips of apical microvilli on these transporting epithelial cells.
Improving Psychological Adjustment Among Late-Stage Ovarian Cancer Patients: Examining the Role of Avoidance in Treatment

Abstract Data suggest that individuals dealing with a cancer diagnosis are less likely to suffer from depression, anxiety, and psychological distress when they cope with their condition from a stance of emotional and cognitive acceptance (e.g. Dunkel, et al., 1992; Stanton, et al., 2000). Although traditional CBT often includes some acceptance-oriented elements, recent variants of CBT, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), have acceptance as a central focus. ACT targets emotional distress directly through acceptance of difficult thoughts and emotions. The current study is a preliminary comparison of ACT and treatment as usual (TAU) in the treatment of emotional distress among women with late-stage ovarian cancer. Forty-seven women diagnosed with Stage III or IV ovarian cancer were randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions. Treatment consisted of 12 face-to-face meetings with a therapist, each following a TAU or ACT protocol. Results indicate that both groups showed improved mood and quality of life following the intervention. The ACT group showed significantly greater improvements compared to the TAU group. Furthermore, mediation analyses indicate that the effects of treatment were mediated by cognitive avoidance. Although the study is limited by the implementation of treatment in both conditions by a single therapist, the TAU group showed improvements that were consistent with effect sizes available in the literature, suggesting that the intervention was a credible and effective control treatment. These findings provide preliminary support for the use of ACT in ovarian cancer populations. Further work is needed to investigate the effectiveness in other oncology populations as well as investigate potential patient characteristics which may interact with these interventions.
Relationship between active range of motion deficits and muscle strength and tone at the elbow in patients with hemiparesis

The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between deficits in active range of motion (ROM) at the elbow and both agonist muscle strength and antagonist muscle tone in patients with stroke. Twenty-three patients with non-flaccid hemiparesis participated. Active elbow flexion and extension ROM were measured gravity eliminated bilaterally and ROM deficits were calculated for the paretic side. Isometric elbow flexion and extension strength were measured on the paretic side using a hand-held dynamometer. Elbow flexor and extensor muscle tone were graded manually using the Modified Ashworth Scale. The Spearman correlations between active elbow flexion ROM deficits and elbow flexion force, and between active elbow extension ROM deficits and elbow extension force were -.929 and -.772 respectively. The correlations between the elbow flexion ROM deficits and elbow extensor muscle tone, and between the elbow extension ROM deficits and elbow flexor muscle tone were .287 and .480 respectively. Regress...
Evidence of trawling impact on Hoplostethus mediterraneus in the central–eastern Mediterranean Sea

The silver roughy, Hoplostethus mediterraneus is a benthopelagic cosmopolitan fish regularly caught as by-catch of the deep-water crustacean trawl fishery (CTF) in the central–eastern Mediterranean. Monthly samples of silver roughy were sampled from the catches of four commercial trawlers in 2004. Each trawler operated in different fishing grounds (FGs), located off Northern Tunisia, South of Sicily, Malta Islands and in South Levant, for which different exploitation levels are reported. The overall length–frequency distribution (LFD) was constructed, and fishing impact indices (length as percentage of LFD, optimum and maximum length, percentage of mega-spawners and total mortality/von Bertalanffy curvature ratio) were calculated. In spite of an overall acceptable status (juveniles, matures and mega-spawners were present in the catch), sampling data revealed significant differences in LFD shape and status indices between FGs. Those FGs traditionally considered more exploited (Northern Tunisia and South of Sicily) showed a dominance of juveniles, a rarefaction of mega-spawners, a reduction in maximum and asymptotic length and a higher Z/K ratio. Considering the general homogeneity of Mediterranean deep-water habitats, the pelagic dispersal of eggs and the poor swimming capabilities of silver roughy, the present results indicated that deep-water trawling may induce a slow and subtle, although significant, erosion of the older, late maturing and slow growing component of the stocks in the Mediterranean (so-called longevity-overfishing).
METHOD OF INTERACTION IN A MODULAR ARCHITECTURE FOR SENSOR SYSTEMS (MASS)

The system level hardware architecture of individual nodes in a distributed wireless sensor network has not received adequate attention. A novel hardware architecture based on the concept of task specific modular computing provides both the high flexibility and power efficiency required for effective distributed sensing solutions. This paper presents this newly developed architecture and provides an analysis of two possible methods for module interaction. Results from simulations based on this analysis are given. Finally, a brief description of the hardware and software design and prototype implementation of the modular architecture for sensor systems (MASS) is given to show the ease of use of the conceptual architecture.
Synthesis of 5-hydroxymethyl-11-methyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole and 5-formyl-11-methyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole (17-oxoellipticine)

Abstract A synthesis of 5-hydroxymethy1-ll-methy1-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole and the corresponding 5-formyl derivative, 17-oxoe66ipticine, 3 is described, the key feature of which is the use of the Krohnke 1 aldehyde synthesis to effect the debenzylation of a p-nitrobenzyl-pyridinium salt under mild conditions.
Nonverbal Involvement Across Interactions with Same-Sex Friends, Opposite-Sex Friends and Romantic Partners: Consistency or Change?

The degree of consistency and change in communication across different dyadic partners is an important issue in theory on interpersonal interaction. Factors such as communicator sex and predispositions toward approach/avoidance are likely to contribute to consistency, whereas factors such as target sex, relationship type, intimacy and impression management are likely to contribute to change. Using a partial round-robin design, this study investigates how individuals' involvement behavior changes across interactions with same-sex friends, opposite-sex friends, and romantic partners. Results showed that close proximity, touch, gaze, general interest, less fluency, longer response latencies, and more silence distinguished romantic relationships from friendships. Frequent nodding and vocal interest were more prevalent in friendships than romantic relationships. Postural congruence occurred more in same-rather than opposite-sex dyads. Sex differences also emerged: females displayed more direct body orientation...
Reference Voltage Generation for Single-Ended Memory Interfaces

While most aspects of single-ended signaling inter- faces do not change from one generation to the next, certain topological changes may enhance the robustness of single-ended schemes at higher datarates. Reference voltage (VREF ) genera- tion is critical to maintaining sufficient signaling margins and thus demands attention. This paper discusses VREF generation and introduces a VREF architecture which provides static level tuning while tracking dynamic power supply variation.
Object-oriented music representation

There is a rich literature on the design of formal languages for music representation on computers. Over the last thirty years, several generations of software technology have been applied to this problem, including structured software engineering, artificial intelligence, and objecthoriented (OhO) software technology. This article introduces the basic notions of OhO software technology, and investigates how these might be useful for music representation. In particular, the author's Smalltalk music object kernel (Smoke) music representation language is described and examples given that illustrate the most important of Smoke's features.
Adding Abstract to Formal and Content Schemata: Results of Recent Work in Peircean Semiotics

Les schemas du contenu et de la forme du discours derivent respectivement des strategies d'inference perceptuelle et indexicale. L'A. propose un troisieme type de schema, abstrait, base sur des generalisations deductives. Il interprete les trois schemas en fonction d'interpretations du discours audio-visuel et de textes ecrits. Utilisant la theorie du discours de Peirce, il veut montrer que la comprehension, l'acquisition du langage et l'usage de la langue sont totalement dependants des representations narratives de la verite
Psychometric Properties of a New Scale to Assess Family Violence in Older African American Women: The Family Violence Against Older Women (FVOW) Scale

Absence of a conceptually grounded, comprehensive measure for family violence in older women has hindered attempts to define the extent of the problem and its effects on older women's health. This article reports the development and psychometrics of the Family Violence in Older African American Women Scale, a comprehensive scale to measure family violence in older women. The scale demonstrates two distinct factors: (a) "Abuse" and (b) "Caregiving Failure," which measure abusive behaviors in the context of a family relationship and caring for older women, respectively. Implications for the use of this scale in research and practice settings are discussed.
Self-Disclosure and Selection Bias in Studies of AMT- Motivated Behavior

This study provides evidence on the characteristics associated with the completeness of corporate tax reporting by firms subject to the AMT. We find disclosure of tax status is contingent upon the potential costs and benefits of the disclosure. In particular, the variables that are significant in explaining the disclosure decision are consistent with the argument that firms use disclosure to pursue their own political and competitive goals. Further, we demonstrate that relying solely on self-disclosed AMT status in a study of earnings management can lead to results substantially different from those obtained using the actual AMT status of the firm. Obtaining the paper: This paper is available in WordPerfect 5.1 and Rich Text Format (RTF) for anonymous FTP transfer at: omer.cba.neu.edu After login (username anonymous and your internet address as password) change to the subdirectory wpaper. The file names are man_ple.rtf and "man_ple.w51".
A case–control study of mesothelioma in Minnesota iron ore (taconite) miners

Objectives An excess of mesothelioma has been observed in iron ore miners in Northeastern Minnesota. Mining and processing of taconite iron ore generate exposures that include elongate mineral particles (EMPs) of amphibole and non-amphibole origin. We conducted a nested case–control study of mesothelioma in a cohort of 68 737 iron ore miners (haematite and taconite ore miners) to evaluate the association between mesothelioma, employment and EMP exposures from taconite mining. Methods Mesothelioma cases (N=80) were identified through the Minnesota Cancer Surveillance System (MCSS) and death certificates. Four controls of similar age were selected for each case with 315 controls ultimately eligible for inclusion. Mesothelioma risk was evaluated by estimating rate ratios and 95% CIs with conditional logistic regression in relation to duration of taconite industry employment and cumulative EMP exposure [(EMP/cc)×years], defined by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 7400 method. Models were adjusted for employment in haematite mining and potential exposure to commercial asbestos products used in the industry. Results All mesothelioma cases were male and 57 of the cases had work experience in the taconite industry. Mesothelioma was associated with the number of years employed in the taconite industry (RR=1.03, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.06) and cumulative EMP exposure (RR=1.10, 95% CI 0.97 to –1.24). No association was observed with employment in haematite mining. Conclusions These results support an association between mesothelioma and employment duration and possibly EMP exposure in taconite mining and processing. The type of EMP was not determined. The potential role of commercial asbestos cannot be entirely ruled out.
Analysis of tear inflammatory mediators: A comparison between the microarray and Luminex methods.

Purpose Inflammatory mediators have been shown to modulate dry eye (DE) disease and may correlate with disease severity, yet the methods used and the associated findings vary significantly in the literature. The goal of this research was to compare two methods, the quantitative microarray and the magnetic bead assay, for detecting cytokine levels in extracted tear samples across three subject groups.
Site of reaction of wax bean hemagglutinin with rabbit erythrocytes.

SummaryMucoproteins known to be inhibitors of viral agglutination inhibited agglutination of rabbit erythrocytes by the wax bean hemagglutinin (WBH). Pretreatment of red blood cells with influenza (PR 8) or Newcastle Disease virus reduced susceptibility of such cells to agglutination. The enzymatic release of sialic acid from rabbit serum by a receptor-destroying enzyme prepared from Cl. perfringens was accompanied by a loss in inhibitory activity of serum against WBH agglutination. These and related observations suggest that the site of reaction of WBH with erythrocytes is similar, if not identical, to that of the viral receptor site on the surface of the cell.
The Pain of Complexity

Abstract In the scholarly community, the concept of complexity is typically associated with science. However, the consumer view on complexity is different. To understand the conceptual structure of complexity, the author analyzed self-declared interests harvested from complexity-related blogs in LiveJournal. The author arranged the interests into a semantic network, based on their similarity of use. The network has a modular structure and consists of four clusters linked with four aspects of complexity: Science, Philosophy, Art and Soul. Apparently laypersons perceive complexity not only as a scientific phenomenon but also as an intricacy associated with creativity, search for wisdom, and a potentially painful soul search.
Nonprecious metal catalysts for fuel cell applications: electrochemical dioxygen activation by a series of first row transition metal tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine complexes.

A series of divalent first row triflate complexes supported by the ligand tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA) have been investigated as oxygen reduction catalysts for fuel cell applications. [(TPA)M2+]n+ (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) derivatives were synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography, cyclic voltammetry, NMR spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, IR spectroscopy, and conductance measurements. The stoichiometric and electrochemical O2 reactivities of the series were examined. Rotating-ring disk electrode (RRDE) voltammetry was used to examine the catalytic activity of the complexes on a carbon support in acidic media, emulating fuel cell performance. The iron complex displayed a selectivity of 89% for four-electron conversion and demonstrated the fastest reaction kinetics, as determined by a kinetic current of 7.6 mA. Additionally, the Mn, Co, and Cu complexes all showed selective four-electron oxygen reduction (<28% H2O2) at onset potentials (∼0.44 V vs RHE) comparable to state of the art...
Functional assessment of the vanderbilt multigrasp myoelectric hand: A continuing case study

This paper presents a case study involving the functional assessment of the Vanderbilt Multigrasp (VMG) hand prosthesis on a single transradial amputee subject. In particular, a transradial amputee subject performed the Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure (SHAP) using the hand prosthesis and multigrasp myoelectric controller in a series of experimental sessions occurring over a multi-week time span. The subject's index of function (IoF) improved with each session, although essentially plateaued after the fourth session, resulting in a IoF score of 87, which compares favorably to SHAP scores published in previous studies.
A case study of interprofessional collaboration between engineering and health sciences students at Penn State DuBois

The DuBois Campus of the Pennsylvania State University has a long history of providing project-based learning in the courses taken by students enrolled in associate and baccalaureate degree programs. This paper presents a case study of collaborative design projects between first-year engineering (ENG) and second-year Occupational Therapy Assistant (OTA) students. The projects involved the design and manufacture of assistive devices for elderly and/or disabled persons. Students worked in a team setting consisting of 4 engineering students and 3 OTA students per team and use their understanding of design process (ENG students) and mobility and function (OTA students), paired with a client's occupations, history, and needs to create a piece of adaptive equipment to allow users to engage in desired occupations. To capture students' feedback for quality improvement, questionnaires were designed and completed after the conclusion of the projects and a year or two years later after completing the course. Comparison of students' responses between the two questionnaires suggested that they benefited from the interprofessional collaboration. Unanimously, they all agreed that these collaborative projects helped them to gain insight into how someone from another profession “thinks” and the importance of utilizing everyone's strengths to better accomplish the goals of the team. The collaboration also helped them to be appreciative of the knowledge people bring from other professions that introduces new ideas to the team, respecting others' thoughts and ideas. Some of them continue to collaborate with other professionals.
Forensic visualization of two Kwakwaka’wakw ḱiḱw

This study presents a forensic reconstruction of two Kwakwaka’wakw house posts (ḱiḱw) digitally reconstructed and visualized in their original viewing conditions. After demonstrating how the visual parameters of winter ceremonial activity would have significantly altered the appearance of the posts, I use research in optics and neuroscience to explain how light-dependent features of colour perception and face recognition facilitate such transformations.
Weibo and Memory: Analyzing an Event-Oriented Platform with a Three-Dimensional Framework

This chapter provides a detailed analysis of one specific event, a defining moment of Weibo as an event-oriented social media platform that also serves the making of collective memory: a high-speed train accident near Wenzhou in southeast China on July 23, 2011. The analytical framework—three axes of social tension in the dynamics of social media, namely control and resistance, past and present, and global and local—is introduced through a detailed analysis of this event. The “7.23” high-speed train accident has set a pattern of collective remembering, in which journalism plays a significant part in narrating the ongoing event, drawing on symbolic resources from the past and facilitating mnemonic practices within the contentious meanings of the event.
Evaluation of the Be the Exception Sixth-Grade Program in Rural Communities to Delay the Onset of Sexual Behavior.

Objectives. To investigate the impact of Be the Exception, a newly developed program to delay onset of sexual behaviors, in a White, rural population.Methods. A cluster randomized controlled trial in northwestern Indiana (14 schools, 1776 students, 2011–2015) compared an intervention (5 group sessions and multimedia assembly) with a no-intervention group; both continued usual standard health education. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regressions with 1455 students measured long-term outcomes 12 months after baseline questionnaire.Results. Intervention group students reported ever having had sexual intercourse and sexual intercourse in past 3 months significantly less often than did the comparison group (1.91% vs 6.29% and 1.09% vs 4.26%, respectively). No statistical differences were observed for reported sexual intercourse in past 3 months with risky behavior (1.23% vs 2.24%), without condom use (1.04% vs 1.73%), or without birth control (1.00% vs 1.53%). Cumulatively, intervention group students signi...
Case Report of Serratus Plane Catheter for Pain Management in a Patient With Multiple Rib Fractures and an Inferior Scapular Fracture

We placed a superficial serratus anterior plane catheter in an elderly woman with dementia and elevated clotting times who presented with multiple rib fractures after a mechanical fall. She was not a surgical candidate, and treatment consisted of conservative management with physical therapy and pain control. She was not a candidate for a patient-controlled analgesia regimen because of her dementia. Given her elevated international normalized ratio, thoracic epidural and paravertebral analgesia was also contraindicated. We placed an ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane catheter, allowing titratable continuous infusion in a trauma patient, resulting in excellent analgesia without adverse effects.
From Reactive to Proactive

In January 2000 I was officially appointed the first Special Assistant to the Chancellor for Diversity and Community at Texas Christian University. Our new Chancellor had given a number of major speeches during his first semester at TCU. The importance of diversity was a key point made during these speaking engagements. Given our history of talking about the importance of diversity, followed by merely actions of accommodation, I emailed this new Chancellor.
Stability-Adjusted Portfolios

The conventional approach for addressing estimation error in portfolio construction is to devise techniques for reducing the errors, such as compressing all the estimates toward a cross-sectional average or some other prior belief. In this article, the authors propose an alternative approach for dealing with estimation error, arguing that some estimates may be more or less stable than others. The authors propose that rather than attempting to mitigate estimation error by making the estimates more similar to each other, portfolio managers should measure their relative stability and form portfolios that explicitly account for this feature, thus potentially making them less similar to each other. The authors focus on measures of risk rather than means, because portfolio managers typically extrapolate historical covariances but estimate expected returns based on subjective views rather than historical averages. Moreover, many important investment applications, such as index replication, focus exclusively on risk mitigation. The authors show that portfolios that explicitly account for stability in their construction have substantially different allocations and more stable risk profiles than portfolios that are blind to estimation error, as well as those that rely on Bayesian shrinkage.
In Search of Culturally Appropriate Autism Interventions: Perspectives of Latino Caregivers

Most evidence-based autism spectrum disorder (ASD) interventions are tested with primarily White, mid-upper class, English-speaking populations, despite the increase in Latino children with ASD in early intervention programs throughout the United States. Unfortunately, interventions that are incongruent with a target population’s culture may be relatively ineffective. This mixed-methods study explored how culturally appropriate, feasible, and acceptable Latino caregivers perceived intervention models, strategies, and targets. Survey data were compared for 28 Latino and 27 non-Latino White parents of young children with ASD. Further, 20 Latino caregivers participated in focus groups to describe their challenges, perspectives and preferences for intervention strategies and models, and unmet needs from providers. These findings underscore the need for culturally modified interventions for Latino children and families.
DIC in Dynamic Punch Testing

A dynamic punch test technique using a compression split Hopkinson bar is presented. Thin Ti-6Al-4V disks are loaded with three punches with different nose radii both statically and dynamically. The fixtures are designed with viewports to accommodate optical displacement and strain measurement on the back surface of the specimen using three dimensional digital image correlation (3D DIC). The fixtures are designed to match the impedance of the Hopkinson bars used for dynamic tests. Displacements measured using image correlation are compared to those calculated from split Hopkinson bar wave data. Full-field strain data from these tests are used in the construction of a fracture locus for Ti-6Al-4V. Results from these tests also can be used to evaluate constitutive and failure models for Ti-6Al-4V.