cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Response of S. cerevisiae to N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine: mutagenesis, survival and DDR gene expression

We have examined the effects of low concentrations of the alkylating agent N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) on survival and mutagenesis of logarithmically growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Pretreatment of cells with nontoxic and submutagenic concentrations of MNNG for several generations does not reduce the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of exposure to a high concentration of drug. This lack of 'adaptation' in S. cerevisiae was further investigated biochemically and cell extracts prepared from pretreated cells were shown to be deficient in the ability to remove O6-methyl guanine from alkylated DNA. Moreover, we could not detect transfer of the methyl group from the DNA to a protein acceptor in yeast cell extracts suggesting that the level of O6-methyl guanine transferase is below 200 molecules/cell following pretreatment. Exposure of S. cerevisiae to mutagenic concentrations of MNNG stimulates transcription of at least three DNA damage responsive genes that also respond to UV-irradiation and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide treatment. These results support the contention that in Saccharomyces alkylation damage is processed by repair pathways that operate on a variety of lesions, and that one or more of these pathways is inducible.
Mechanisms of remodeling of gap junction distributions and the development of anatomic substrates of arrhythmias

Time for primary review 28 days. Alteration of structure (remodeling) is a fundamental response of the heart to injury or disease. It originates in changes in gene expression which, in turn, alter the types and amounts of regulatory and structural proteins in myocytes, the form and distribution of subcellular organelles (including the contractile apparatus and other specialized subcellular structures responsible for cardiac function), and changes in the structure of whole cells, the extracellular matrix and, ultimately, the tissue and whole organ. A change in cardiac structure inevitably leads to a change in cardiac function, but the complex relationships between altered structure and function are only beginning to be revealed. Although structural remodeling serves important adaptive purposes, maladaptive consequences of remodeling are likely to contribute to morbidity and mortality in patients with heart disease. An important clinical setting in which altered structure begets altered function and in which responses to injury may serve adaptive purposes, but also lead to maladaptive changes, is the development of anatomic substrates of ventricular arrhythmias. These ‘substrates’ arise as a consequence of structural alterations in response to common forms of heart disease such as myocardial infarction or systemic hypertension. Clearly, replacement of a transmural myocardial infarct by fibrous scar tissue limits the likelihood of fatal ventricular rupture and helps preserve optimal ventricular geometry. Similarly, development of myocyte hypertrophy allows the heart to function better in the face of chronic pressure overload. However, although these adaptations are beneficial, the structural alterations that result from these myocardial responses to injury can also change patterns of electrical activation of the heart that may enhance the risk of developing a serious ventricular arrhythmia. For example, sudden death in patients who have survived myocardial infarction often occurs by a reentrant mechanism in which derangements in conduction play a critical pathogenic role …
Electropolymerization of pyrrole on steel substrate in the presence of oxalic acid and amines

Abstract Electropolymerization of pyrrole on steel substrate was carried out in aqueous oxalate solutions in the presence of amines. Triethylamine and allyamine were the amines used in this study. The electropolymerization process of pyrrole in acidic medium was found to be different from that in alkaline medium. In acidic medium, the reactions were characterized by an induction period while no such period was observed in alkaline medium. Our results show that the pH of the reaction medium and the applied current density had a great influence on the induction time. Effects of triethylamine and allyamine on the electropolymerization process of pyrrole were very similar. The composition of the coatings was studied by FTIR and elemental analysis. The coatings formed in different medium had a similar composition. Smooth, uniform, strongly adherent coatings could be formed on the steel substrate by proper choice of the reaction parameters.
Multichannel Compression, Temporal Cues, and Audibility.

Although multichannel compression systems are quickly becoming integral components of programmable hearing aids, research results have not consistently demonstrated their benefit over conventional ...
Some remarks concerning the use of duality of a curvature tensor

Abstract It is shown that for linearized gravitation the dual of a Riemann Tensor can be interpreted as that of another such tensor representing a new space. The new metric tensor, to first order, is expressible as the generalized curl of the base metric tensor. The use of this is then indicated in finding solutions of even parity when those of odd parity are known, in a manner analogous to that in electromagnetic theory.
A neural-network learning theory and a polynomial time RBF algorithm

This paper presents a new learning theory (a set of principles for brain-like learning) and a corresponding algorithm for the neural-network field. The learning theory defines computational characteristics that are much more brain-like than that of classical connectionist learning. Robust and reliable learning algorithms would result if these learning principles are followed rigorously when developing neural-network algorithms. This paper also presents a new algorithm for generating radial basis function (RBF) nets for function approximation. The design of the algorithm is based on the proposed set of learning principles. The net generated by this algorithm is not a typical RBF net, but a combination of "truncated" RBF and other types of hidden units. The algorithm uses random clustering and linear programming (LP) to design and train this "mixed" RBF net. Polynomial time complexity of the algorithm is proven and computational results are provided for the well known Mackey-Glass chaotic time series problem, the logistic map prediction problem, various neuro-control problems, and several time series forecasting problems. The algorithm can also be implemented as an online adaptive algorithm.
Optimal number of EUS-guided fine needle passes needed to obtain a correct diagnosis

Abstract Background The immediate assistance of a cytologist during EUS-guided FNA is not universal. The optimal number of fine needle passes during EUS-guided FNA has not been determined in a prospective study. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal number of passes required to obtain a correct diagnosis. Methods Seven or more passes were made with a fine needle into a variety of lesions during EUS-guided FNA. Adequacy of the aspirate, diagnosis, and a "certainty score" were recorded after each pass and interpreted sequentially by a cytopathologist. Surgical histopathology and 1-year clinical follow-up were used as reference standards. The percentage of correctly diagnosed cases was calculated and stratified according to organ, disease group, and EUS characteristics of the lesion. Results Lesions from 95 patients were categorized into the following locations: pancreas, lymph node, and miscellaneous. The sensitivity and specificity for 7 passes from the pancreas and miscellaneous lesion groups were, respectively, 83% and 100%. The sensitivity and specificity for 5 passes from the lymph node group were, respectively, 77% and 100%. Conclusions During EUS-guided FNA, at least 7 passes with a fine needle into pancreatic and miscellaneous lesions, and 5 passes into lymph nodes are needed to ensure a high degree of certainty for making a correct diagnosis.
Male Sexual Victimization: Examining Men’s Experiences of Rape and Sexual Assault

This study examines men’s sexual victimization experiences in the United States using a nationally representative sample of victim narratives from the National Crime Victimization Survey. An analysis of men’s incidents reveals many similarities to women’s rapes and sexual assaults as well as some rather gendered differences, particularly in regard to offender sex, victims’ willingness to report to officials, and a few uniquely masculine ways in which some men frame their experiences. The study begins an important exploration of men’s descriptions of their sexual victimization experiences and responses and encourages future empirical and theoretical research of this understudied population of victims.
An Eddy Parameterization Based on Maximum Entropy Production with Application to Modeling of the Arctic Ocean Circulation

Abstract An eddy parameterization derived from statistical mechanics of potential vorticity is applied for inviscid shallow-water equations. The solution of a variational problem based on the maximum entropy production (MEP) principle provides, with some physical constraints, several viscous terms. Along with the traditional Laplacian operator, MEP parameterization includes the “Neptune effect,” which is similar to that described by Holloway. The Neptune effect describes the interaction of eddies with seafloor topography. MEP parameterization is then incorporated into a high-resolution tidal model of the Arctic Ocean. MEP viscosity does not substantially affect the distribution of amplitudes, phases, and tidal currents; however, residual tidal circulation is sensitive to employed parameterization in areas of maximum bottom slope. The Neptune effect is the main contributor among other viscosities. The combined effect of the new viscous terms and nonlinear terms results in cyclonic residual tidal circulatio...
Disjoint multipath source routing in ad hoc networks: transport capacity

While much of the effort on routing in ad hoc wireless networks is focused on source routing and flooding, in this work we explore the possibility of applying packet switching concept to an ad hoc wireless environment. It is well known that packet switching is a robust and efficient technique for data that can tolerate some delay. Similar to the traditional packet switching technique, we propose a disjoint multipath source routing (DMPSR) technique which allows packets originating from the same source to be statistically multiplexed onto multiple disjoint routes. Each route can relay packets from multiple sources. In this paper, we analyze the transport capacity of this scheme and compare the result to that obtained in P. Gupta et al. (2000) and O.K. Tonguz et al. (2003), which consider single path source routing. Given a network of size A with N mobile nodes, each capable of transmitting at R bps, our results show that the maximum transport capacity of this scheme converges to R/spl radic/(AN) when load balancing is employed (i.e., number of routes being relayed through any given node is the same for all the nodes). If, however, no load balancing is used, then the transport capacity of DMPSR will be greater than that of the traditional source routing when the spatial density of the network is below some critical threshold. Beyond the critical threshold, however, transport capacity is significantly less than the one obtained in O.K. Tonguz et al. ( 2003) and P. Gupta et al. (2000) since a mobile node has to spend more time relaying messages for other sources.
Psychological Trauma and Physical Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Approach to Etiology of Negative Health Effects and Possible Interventions

People who have experienced traumatic events have higher rates than the general population of a wide range of serious and life-threatening illnesses including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, and cancer. An important question, for both researchers and clinicians, is why this occurs. Researchers have discovered that traumatic events dysregulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system. More recently, research from the field of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) suggests that traumatic life events can lead to health problems through dysregulation of another key system: the inflammatory response. Prior trauma “primes” the inflammatory response system so that it reacts more rapidly to subsequent life stressors. Elevated inflammation has an etiologic role in many chronic illnesses. Recent PNI studies also suggest some interventions that can serve as adjuncts to traditional trauma treatment. These treatments include long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, exercise, and sleep interventions. Each of these interventions downregulates inflammation, which will likely halt the progression to chronic disease for some trauma survivors.
Evaluation of sequential coinfection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma marginale in cattle.

Objective—To determine whether sequelae of infection differed among single versus double infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum or Anaplasma marginale, with and without tick salivary extract, in cattle. Animals—Eighteen 13-month old steers. Procedures—Treatment groups of 3 cattle each included A marginale inoculated ID followed on day 35 by A phagocytophilum without tick saliva, A phagocytophilum followed on day 10 by A marginale without tick saliva, A marginale followed on day 35 by A phagocytophilum with tick saliva, A phagocytophilum followed on day 10 by A marginale with tick saliva, tissue culture control injection, and tick saliva control injection. Infection was monitored via clinical observations, CBC, serologic testing, and PCR analysis of blood and tissues. Results—Infected cattle had significantly reduced weight gain. Anemia occurred 25 to 32 days after A marginale infection, which was attenuated by tick saliva. Parasitism was greater if cattle had not previously been inoculated with A phagoc...
Moisture Effects on Gold Nanowear

The addition of water results in the higher wear rate of gold compared to experiments performed in the ambient environment (approximately 60% humidity). This higher wear rate in water has been observed with the AFM, Hysitron Triboindenter, and additionally in single pass scratch tests performed with the Taber Shear/Scratch tester. These tests were preformed using silicon nitride cantilevers on the AFM and a conical diamond tip in the Taber instrument. Tests performed in the ambient atmosphere resulted in slightly reduced surface roughness, while much higher wear rate was observed in the wear tests performed in water. Ambient scratch tests produced slightly shallower scratch trenches than wet scratches consistently as a function of the varied normal load. Single scan lines provide valuable information about the mechanisms and progression of the nanoscale wear. The different components of scratch friction are investigated to explore the main contributors to the nanoscale scratching of gold.
Renal Denervation Abolishes Hypertension in Low-Birth-Weight Offspring From Pregnant Rats With Reduced Uterine Perfusion

Low birth weight is a risk factor for the subsequent development of hypertension in humans. We previously reported that reduced uterine perfusion in the pregnant rat results in growth-restricted offspring predisposed to the development of hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the sympathetic nervous system plays a role in mediating hypertension in this model of low birth weight. Weight at birth was significantly decreased in male growth-restricted offspring (5.9+/-0.1 grams) as compared with male control offspring (6.5+/-0.2 grams; P 90% reduction in renal norepinephrine content. Therefore, these findings indicate the renal nerves play an important role in mediating hypertension in adult growth-restricted offspring.
Elastic light scattering spectroscopy for the detection of pre-cancer: an overview

Optical spectroscopy mediated by fibre-optic probes can be used to perform non-invasive, or minimally-invasive, real-time assessment of tissue pathology in-situ. The method of elastic-scattering spectroscopy (ESS) is sensitive to the sub-cellular architectural changes, such as nuclear grade and nuclear to cytoplasm ratio, mitochondrial size and density, etc., which correlate with features used by pathologists when performing histological assessment. The ESS method senses those morphology changes without actually imaging the microscopic structure. Clinical demonstrations of ESS have been conducted in a variety of organ sites, with promising results, and larger-scale clinical studies are now ongoing. We have recently developed an analytical model that extracts, from the ESS spectra, the underlying physical correlates of the tissue relating to disease. from 1st Scientific Meeting of the Head and Neck Optical Diagnostics Society London, UK. 14 March 2009
Measurements of intensity scintillations and probability density functions of retroreflected broadband 980-nm laser light in atmospheric turbulence

Intensity scintillation variances and intensity probability density functions (PDFs) were experimentally measured for broadband (2 nm), 980-nm laser light reflected by two or more corner cube retroreflectors as a function of retroreflector lateral spacing over a short (75 m) atmospheric optical path. The PDFs transitioned from broad double-peaked beta-shaped densities to lognormal as the retroreflector spacing was increased to exceed the optical field's lateral coherence length. Specific spacing for a given average atmospheric structural C n 2 eliminated interference between the light beams returned by the retroreflectors.
A preprocessor Tcl script generator for NS-2 communication network simulation

In performance studies of vehicular ad hoc networks, intelligent simulation tools like NS-2 plays an important role. Since Tcl scripts are widely used, we have implemented a new tool which is MyTool for generating Tcl scripts file. In this work, we introduce the specific characteristics of MyTool and discuss its features compared with NSG2 (NS-2 Scenarios Generator 2). In later section, we illustrate one wireless communication network's example to explain how MyTool does work to build up communication network, create the Tcl script files and finally run the simulation in NS-2.
Numerical modeling of a desaturating geothermal reservoir

Abstract To achieve a better understanding of hot-water geothermal reservoirs, the problem of a hypothetical geothermal aquifer that depletes the fluid saturating its upper regions during production is considered. This depletion leads to the characteristic depressurization and drawdown of the liquid surface observed typically at the Wairakei geothermal field in New Zealand. This effect is significant in that the subsequent appearance of a horizontal pressure gradient may cause premature shutdown of the bore field because of the encroachment of colder groundwater. In fact, the results of the modeling show a different behavior, emphasizing the vertical movement of the saturating hot fluid as a more important effect. The model gives an indication of the time the reservoir will take to reach pressure equilibrium, and its output at that time. Problems associated with the numerical procedures are considerable even though the model is single-phase and axisymmetric, and the value of such an intricate numerical mo...
Combination therapy with vitamins C plus E inhibits survivin and human prostate cancer cell growth.

BACKGROUND We postulated that combinations of C and E vitamins modulate the antioxidant network and blocks survivin gene expression in androgen-responsive and non-responsive human prostate cancer cell (HPCC) lines. METHODS ALVA-101 and DU-145 cell growth and apoptosis were estimated using the Cell Titer 96 AQ and cell death detection ELISA. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assay were used to quantify survivin mRNA, protein, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and activator protein-1 (AP-1). RESULTS All the tested combinations of vitamins C and E (25–100 μM, 72 hr) reduced cell growth (4–83%). Vitamin C enhanced the growth suppressive effect of vitamin E. Apoptosis was enhanced (25–45%) (vitamins = 100 μM, 24 hr). Survivin mRNA was decreased (26–29%) (vitamins = 250 μM, 24 hr), and survivin protein was decreased (>90%) (vitamins = 100 μM, 72 hr). NF-κB and AP-1 activities were increased (vitamins = 100 μM, 24 hr). CONCLUSIONS The combinations of vitamins C and E are potent inducers of apoptosis in HPCC and suppressers of surviving, an antiapoptotic factor. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
From Laboratories to Collaboratories: A New Organizational Form for Scientific Collaboration

This article explores the potential impact of collaboratories on psychology. A collaboratory is a computer-supported system that allows scientists to work with each other, facilities, and databases without regard to geographical location The impact of collaboratories is discussed in terms of changes in the organization and practice of scientific work as this work moves from physical to virtual settings Examination of prototype collaboratories in the physical sciences shows that use of collaboratories produces changes through improved access to scarce resources, support for joint work among distant colleagues, and opportunities for broader participation in research by students Similar results in psychology are predicted if psychologists exploit collaboratories' capabilities to design new ways of conducting research, rather than adopting collaboratory technology as an extension of the status quo.
CONSERVATION AND SUBSISTENCE IN SMALL-SCALE SOCIETIES

▪ Abstract Some scholars have championed the view that small-scale societies are conservers or even creators of biodiversity. Others have argued that human populations have always modified their environments, often in ways that enhance short-term gains at the expense of environmental stability and biodiversity conservation. Recent ethnographic studies as well as theory from several disciplines allow a less polarized assessment. We review this body of data and theory and assess various predictions regarding sustainable environmental utilization. The meaning of the term conservation is itself controversial. We propose that to qualify as conservation, any action or practice must not only prevent or mitigate resource overharvesting or environmental damage, it must also be designed to do so. The conditions under which conservation will be adaptive are stringent, involving temporal discounting, economic demand, information feedback, and collective action. Theory thus predicts, and evidence suggests, that volunt...
Status of direct-drive laser fusion target designs

There is now substantial evidence that a direct-drive target driven with a krypton fluoride laser can reach ignition. Sufficient laser beam uniformity has been achieved with optical beam smoothing. Laser-plasma instabilities can likely be controlled with a short laser wavelength, with optical beam smoothing, and with the angular overlap of multiple laser beams. The Rayleigh-Taylor instability can be controlled by preheating the ablator. Targets are now being designed that satisfy all of these constraints. They may also have enough energy gain for a fusion reactor.
On equivalence of analytic functions to rational regular functions

We give sufficient conditions for an analytic function from R n to R to be analytically equivalent to a rational regular function.
Organismal proteostasis: role of cell-nonautonomous regulation and transcellular chaperone signaling

Protein quality control is essential in all organisms and regulated by the proteostasis network (PN) and cell stress response pathways that maintain a functional proteome to promote cellular health. In this review, we describe how metazoans employ multiple modes of cell-nonautonomous signaling across tissues to integrate and transmit the heat-shock response (HSR) for balanced expression of molecular chaperones. The HSR and other cell stress responses such as the unfolded protein response (UPR) can function autonomously in single-cell eukaryotes and tissue culture cells; however, within the context of a multicellular animal, the PN is regulated by cell-nonautonomous signaling through specific sensory neurons and by the process of transcellular chaperone signaling. These newly identified forms of stress signaling control the PN between neurons and nonneuronal somatic tissues to achieve balanced tissue expression of chaperones in response to environmental stress and to ensure that metastable aggregation-prone proteins expressed within any single tissue do not generate local proteotoxic risk. Transcellular chaperone signaling leads to the compensatory expression of chaperones in other somatic tissues of the animal, perhaps preventing the spread of proteotoxic damage. Thus, communication between subcellular compartments and across different cells and tissues maintains proteostasis when challenged by acute stress and upon chronic expression of metastable proteins. We propose that transcellular chaperone signaling provides a critical control step for the PN to maintain cellular and organismal health span.
Effects of β-adrenergic receptor stimulation and blockade on substrate metabolism during submaximal exercise

We used β-adrenergic receptor stimulation and blockade as a tool to study substrate metabolism during exercise. Eight moderately trained subjects cycled for 60 min at 45% of V˙o 2 peak 1) during a ...
A HUMAN SKIN EQUIVALENT MODEL THAT MIMICS THE PHOTOPRODUCTION OF VITAMIN D3 IN HUMAN SKIN

A human skin equivalent was prepared by culturing human keratinocytes on the surface of nylon filtration meshes containing human skin fibroblasts and by growing the epidermal cells at the air-liquid interface. This human skin equivalent model was used to mimic the photoproduction of vitamin D3 in human skin. It was found that the concentration of 7-dehydrocholesterol and its photoconversion to previtamin D3 and its subsequent thermal isomerization to vitamin D3 in the human skin equivalent was essentially identical to that of human skin. The 7-dehydrocholesterol content in the skin equivalent and human skin was 2187 +/- 296 and 2352 +/- 320 ng/cm2, respectively. The percentage of the major photoproducts of 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin equivalent following ultraviolet B radiation (0.5 J/cm2) was 35% pre-vitamin D3, 29% lumisterol, and 6% tachysterol; 30% remained as 7-dehydrocholesterol. Similarly, in human skin they were 36%, 29%, 7%, and 28%, respectively. After incubation at 37 degrees C for 30 min, 11% and 12% of the previtamin D3 had thermally isomerized to vitamin D3 in the skin equivalent and human skin. In conclusion, compared with cultured keratinocytes or fibroblasts, the human skin equivalent model provides a superior in vitro system that better mimics the physiology and biochemistry of the photosynthesis of vitamin D3 in human skin.
Spontaneous/Radical Remission of Cancer: Transpersonal Results from a Grounded Theory Study

This grounded theory study aimed to collect hypotheses for spontaneous or radical remission (RR) of cancer, which is a remission that occurs without medical treatment, or with medical treatment considered inadequate to produce the remission. Interviews were conducted with 20 RR survivors and 50 non-conventional healers from 11 countries. Results showed that three underlying beliefs emerged: 1. Cancer thrives under certain conditions; 2. Illness represents blockage; and 3. A body-mind-spirit interaction exists. Six factors believed to be possible causes of RR also emerged: 1. Diet change; 2. Deepening spirituality; 3. Increasing happiness; 4. Releasing suppressed emotions; 5. Taking supplements; and 6. Using intuition. Three additional factors emerged among RR survivors only. This paper takes a closer look at those findings that involved transpersonal elements.
Can Partial Warp Scores Be Used as Cladistic Characters

Zelditch et al. (1995) have recently proposed that partial warp scores derived from shape differences among organisms can be used as cladistic characters for phylogenetic inference. The current study represents a test of Zelditch et al.’s proposal. A group of different—shaped imaginary fishes, interrelated by a known phylogeny, was artificially generated by subjecting an ancestral fish to evolutionary change along a predetermined tree. Care was taken to ensure that invoked shape changes occurred only once on the tree and that shape changes occurred independently of each other. These conditions were set in order to maximally predispose any emergent “shape characters,” which might be derived from shape differences among terminals, to cladistic analysis. Thirty-eight landmarks were recorded for each of the eight terminals resulting from the contrived evolutionary tree. These landmarks were transformed into shape coordinates. The shape coordinates for each of the terminals were then individually contrasted with those of the ancestor by means of the computer program TPSPLINE (Rohlf, 1994). The resulting partial warp scores were recoded as cladistic characters following the protocol of Fink et al.(1994) and subjected to cladistic analysis. Two most parsimonious trees (MPTs) resulted, one of which matched the “true” tree. Although this tree matched the true tree in topology, the reconstructed ancestral shape states implied by parsimony for this tree were quite different from those of the true tree. Whereas the true tree contained no homoplasy whatsoever, the two inferred MPTs implied considerable shape homoplasy (Retention Index = 0.48). An UPGMA of raw partial warp scores also retrieved the correct tree topology.
Complications of the Lateral Lumbar Transpsoas Approach

The lateral transpsoas approach to the spine, popularized by Pimenta and colleagues in their 2006 landmark technical report [12], has gained increasingly widespread use by spine surgeons seeking to perform lumbar interbody fusion in a minimally disruptive fashion. Essentially an adaptation of the retroperitoneal approach to the spine, the technique may be viewed as a paradigm shift in interbody fusion, offering a unique and innovative solution to the problem of achieving robust reconstruction of the anterior column while avoiding injury to critical stabilizing structures of the spine. The lateral approach offers advantages over PLIF/TLIF in that retraction of the intraspinal neural elements is entirely avoided, along with the attendant complications of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, trauma to the exiting and traversing nerve roots, epidural fibrosis, and arachnoiditis. As experience with the lateral approach grows, however, it has become clear that the technique is associated with its own unique set of approach-related complications. An understanding of these complications and their potential causes is clearly critical for any surgeon attempting the technique.
Excess False Positive Rates in Methods for Differential Gene Expression Analysis using RNA-Seq Data

Motivation: An important property of a valid method for testing for differential expression is that the false positive rate should at least roughly correspond to the p-value cutoff, so that if 10,000 genes are tested at a p-value cutoff of 10−4, and if all the null hypotheses are true, then there should be only about 1 gene declared to be significantly differentially expressed. We tested this by resampling from existing RNA-Seq data sets and also by matched negative binomial simulations. Results: Methods we examined, which rely strongly on a negative binomial model, such as edgeR, DESeq, and DESeq2, show large numbers of false positives in both the resampled real-data case and in the simulated negative binomial case. This also occurs with a negative binomial generalized linear model function in R. Methods that use only the variance function, such as limma-voom, do not show excessive false positives, as is also the case with a variance stabilizing transformation followed by linear model analysis with limma. The excess false positives are likely caused by apparently small biases in estimation of negative binomial dispersion and, perhaps surprisingly, occur mostly when the mean and/or the dis-persion is high, rather than for low-count genes.
Accurate Computation of Flow below the Rotor Disk by a Finite-State Method

A new rotor induced-flow model was established with finite state method below the rotor recently. In order to optimize the results from the model, truncating the even terms included in the model is adapted to minimize the error norm for different skew angles. The divergence problem for calculating   m n Q i with large  is solved by using a new scheme developed in this paper. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimized model with the new scheme of calculating   m n Q i for large  , and both on disk error and on/off disk error are dramatically improved.
Binding of Antibiotics to the Human Intracellular Erythrocyte Proteins Hemoglobin and Carbonic Anhydrase

The interaction between human erythrocyte lysates and antibiotics was studied, and the effect of intracellular components on the activity and binding of the drugs was determined. Lysates inhibited antibacterial activity of penicillin G, dicloxacillin, tetracycline, and minocycline to about the same extent as did human plasma. Dicloxacillin activity was the most inhibited, followed by the activities of penicillin G, minocycline, and tetracycline. All four antibiotics bound to human hemoglobin, as determined by gel filtration methods. Heme-free globin was also effective in binding the antibiotics. In addition, minocycline and tetracycline were bound to another erythrocytic protein, which, on the basis of electrophoretic mobility, molecular size, and localization, has been identified as carbonic anhydrase. Experiments with pure preparations of carbonic anhydrase revealed that the C isozyme is the major binder of the tetracyclines and that zinc is required for binding. Tetracyclines did not inhibit enzymatic activity of carbonic anhydrase.
Dynamic Determination of Active-Site Reactivity in Semiquinone Photolyase by the Cofactor Photoreduction

Photolyase contains a flavin cofactor in a fully reduced form as its functional state to repair ultraviolet-damaged DNA upon blue light absorption. However, after purification, the cofactor exists in its oxidized or neutral semiquinone state. Such oxidization eliminates the repair function, but it can be reverted by photoreduction, a photoinduced process with a series of electron-transfer (ET) reactions. With femtosecond absorption spectroscopy and site-directed mutagenesis, we completely recharacterized such photoreduction dynamics in the semiquinone state. Comparing with all previous studies, we identified a new intramolecular ET pathway, determined stretched ET behaviors, refined all ET time scales, and finally evaluated the driving forces and reorganization energies for eight elementary ET reactions. Combined with the oxidized-state photoreduction dynamics, we elucidated the different active-site properties of the reduction ability and structural flexibility in the oxidized and semiquinone states, leading to the dramatically different ET dynamics and photoreduction efficiency in the two states.
Evaluation of the Effect of Hepatitis B Prevention and Control for 16 years in Maanshan

[Objective]To understand the epidemic situation of Hepatitis B in Maanshan, evaluate the effect of the control measures, provide evidence for the establishment and adjustment of hepatitis B vaccination strategy. [Methods] Two-stage sampling method was designed to collect 2 040 residents aged between 1 to 59 in 8 villages; 3～5 ml blood samples were taken, HBV-M was detected with ELISA. [Results] 70 HBsAg positive individuals were detected, the positive rate was 3.43%; the total HBV-M infection rate was 18.40%, the HBsAg positive rate significantly decreased compared with that in 1991(13.41%);χ2=116.95, P=0.000); the protection efficiency reached 73.08% since the promotion of hepatitis B vaccination in 1992; significant difference was found between the year of 2007 and 1991 in the serologic indicators of hepatitis B according to regions, areas (urban and rural), gender and age with the exception of HBsAb in group aged above 20; in 1991, the proportion of HBsAg positive students and farmers were 59.32% and 12.43% respectively, while in 2007, the proportion were 11.27% and 50.70% respectively. [Conclusion]The effect of Hepatitis B prevention is significantly obvious in this city; the free of charge neonatal hepatitis B vaccination should be continued and more resources of hepatitis B prevention should be provided for the rural areas.
Research on Comprehensive Management of Differentiated Lightning Protection for the Typical Transmission Lines in Yangjiang

There are frequent lightning activities and lightning disasters in Yangjiang.On the basis of differentiated lightning protection,comprehensive management of lightning protection for transmission lines in Yangjiang is studied.Typical lines with severe lightning disaster(110 kV Baichang line) is selected to evaluate on lightning flashover risk for each tower.In the evaluation,differences of line corridor,lightning activities,terrain,line structure and insulation configuration are comprehensively taken into consideration.In accordance to risk evaluation result and in combination with characteristics of lightning protection measures and previous reconstructing experience,installation of line arrester is chosen and differentiated configuration of arrester for different towers.Finally,according to range and order of towers to be reconstructed,5 differentiated schemes for arrester reconstruction are designed,and input-output ratio of each scheme is quantitatively evaluated.
Research and application promotion of automatic voltage control systems for generating units

The features of the automatic voltage control system developed by Anhui Electric Power Research Institute were presented,and application of the system to Shajiao Power Plant where the AVC system was considered as the most difficult one to realize in China was illuminated.Application effect of the system since it began its commercial operation was also recommended.
Collision and information error of topologies in clustering protocol

After the analysis of the collision in the CSMA and TDMA multiple access methods,and information error of topologies information in clustering protocol,a measurement index is introduced for the information error,and several methods are given in order to improve the index.The algorithm is combined with IEEE 802.15.4 protocol,and remarkable simulation conclusions are drawn from NS2 with the analysis of the impact of communication distance and movement speed.
Inheritance of the CENP-A chromatin domain is spatially and temporally constrained at human centromeres

Chromatin containing the histone variant CENP-A (CEN chromatin) exists as an essential domain at every centromere and heritably marks the location of kinetochore assembly. The size of the CEN chromatin domain on alpha satellite DNA in humans has been shown to vary according to underlying array size. However, the average amount of CENP-A reported at human centromeres is largely consistent, implying the genomic extent of CENP-A chromatin domains more likely reflects variations in the number of CENP-A subdomains and/or the density of CENP-A nucleosomes within individual subdomains. Defining the organizational and spatial properties of CEN chromatin would provide insight into centromere inheritance via CENP-A loading in G1 and the dynamics of its distribution between mother and daughter strands during replication. Using a multi-color protein strategy to detect distinct pools of CENP-A over several cell cycles, we show that nascent CENP-A is equally distributed to sister centromeres. CENP-A distribution is independent of previous or subsequent cell cycles in that centromeres showing disproportionately distributed CENP-A in one cycle can equally divide CENP-A nucleosomes in the next cycle. Furthermore, we show using extended chromatin fibers that maintenance of the CENP-A chromatin domain is achieved by a cycle-specific oscillating pattern of new CENP-A nucleosomes next to existing CENP-A nucleosomes over multiple cell cycles. Finally, we demonstrate that the size of the CENP-A domain does not change throughout the cell cycle and is spatially fixed to a similar location within a given alpha satellite DNA array. We demonstrate that most human chromosomes share similar patterns of CENP-A loading and distribution and that centromere inheritance is achieved through specific placement of new CENP-A near existing CENP-A as assembly occurs each cell cycle. The loading pattern fixes the location and size of the CENP-A domain on individual chromosomes. These results suggest that spatial and temporal dynamics of CENP-A are important for maintaining centromere identity and genome stability.
Angry People at an Empathy Conference

IntroductIon Towards the end of the empathy conference, I asked what it might mean to be confronted with and to hold other people’s anger. Until then, most of the interactions at the conference had been along tranquil lines. There was some of the nonempathy you might see at any conference — people working on their laptops, arriving late and leaving early, or attending only their own sessions — but it was a notably thoughtful and friendly group, and there were many insightful presentations. The generous interactions may have been due to how key people set a tone, or the style may have been that with which most of us there were comfortable. Perhaps many of us would have been at a loss if we’d been asked to listen and respond differently.
Time domain analysis of the double layer potential

This chapter is the double layer counterpart of Chapter 7 We will start by studying $$\displaystyle{\mathcal{D}{\ast}\varphi,\qquad \mathcal{K}{\ast}\varphi,\quad \mbox{ and}\quad \mathcal{W}{\ast}\varphi.}$$ We will next focus on the semidiscrete inversion of the operator \(\varphi \mapsto \mathcal{W}{\ast}\varphi\), namely, given a closed subspace \(Y _{h} \subset H^{1/2}(\Gamma )\) we will look for the causal solution \(\varphi ^{h}\) of $$\displaystyle{\mathcal{W}{\ast}\varphi ^{h}-\alpha \in Y _{ h}^{\circ }}$$ and input it in a double potential representation $$\displaystyle{u^{h} = \mathcal{D}{\ast}\varphi ^{h}.}$$ This process was studied in the Laplace domain in Sections 5.5 and 5.6
Intelligent simulation: Integration of SIMIO and MATLAB to deploy decision support systems to simulation environment

Abstract Discrete-event simulation is a decision support tool which enables practitioners to model and analyze their own system behavior. Although simulation packages are capable of mimicking most tasks in a real-world system, there are some decision-making activities, which are beyond the reach of simulation packages. The Application Programmers Interface (API) of SIMIO provides a wide range of opportunities for researchers to develop their own logic and apply it during the simulation run. This paper illustrates how to deploy MATLAB, as a computational tool coupled with SIMIO, as a simulation package by using a new user-defined step instance named “CallMATLAB”. A manufacturing system case study is introduced where the CallMATLAB step instance is used to create an Iterative Optimization-based Simulation (IOS) model. This model is created to evaluate the performance of different optimizers. The benefits of this hybridization for other industries, including healthcare systems, supply chain management systems, and project management problems are discussed.
Doll's House/Dollhouse: Models and Agency

Models – economic, mathematical, toys, manikins – are ubiquitous. This article probes one model, the Stettheimer doll's house, in order to understand all models better. The Stettheimers, three wealthy unmarried sisters living in New York in the early the twentieth century, attracted a remarkable melange of Camp artists and writers, identified by Arthur Danto as “the American Bloomsbury.” The Stettheimers were involved in many of New York's happenings, including the Harlem Renaissance and the innovative stage productions of Gertrude Stein. Androgyny, excess, racial mixing and theatricality flourished in the Stettheimer milieu. Carrie Stettheimer's doll's house, now housed in the Museum of the City of New York, captured this life. I consider this model for two related purposes. First, and more narrowly, I document the various effects this eccentric doll's house had on the artistic production of those in its vicinity, most notably on the novels of her sister Ettie and on the paintings both of her sister Florine and Marcel Duchamp. Second, I use the evidence of the doll's house's affect to discuss the agency of models in general.
Organizational deviance via social networking site use: The roles of inhibition, stress and sex differences

Abstract Organizational deviance via social networking sites (SNS) use, including for example using SNS instead of working, is a common phenomenon with possible negative implications for individuals and organizations. This study seeks to examine its antecedents as a means to point to future interventions. It draws on cognitive-neuroscience models of problematic behavior and suggests that organizational deviance via SNS use can be associated with low inhibition abilities and high stress. Consistent with the stress and problematic behavior literatures it further suggests that there are sex-based differences in people's organizational deviance by using an SNS and in their responses to stress. Findings based on time-lagged data from 321 SNS users suggest that while stress drives organizational deviance via SNS use, SNS-specific use inhibition abilities diminish this behavior. While there were no sex-based differences in organizational deviance via SNS use, men responded to stress by engaging in more organizational deviance via SNS use compared to women. The findings point to similarities and differences between organizational deviance via SNS use and other problematic behaviors; and suggest that researchers and therapists can focus on stress and inhibition abilities, while considering sex-based differences, when attempting to curtail problematic SNS use behaviors.