cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Newly Diagnosed Heart Failure With Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), cine imaging, and resting first-pass perfusion (FPP) in the evaluation for ischemic (IC) versus nonischemic (NIC) cardiomyopathy in new-onset heart failure with reduced (≤40%) left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF). A retrospective chart review analysis identified 83 patients from January 2009 to June 2012 referred for CMR imaging evaluation for new-onset HFrEF with coronary angiography performed within 6 months of CMR. The diagnosis of IC was established using Felker criteria on coronary angiography. CMR sequences were evaluated for the presence of patterns suggestive of severe underlying coronary artery disease as the cause of HFrEF (subendocardial and/or transmural LGE, regional wall motion abnormality on cine, regional hypoperfusion defect on resting FPP). Discriminative power was assessed using receiver operator characteristics curve analysis. Coronary angiography identified 36 patients (43%) with IC. Presence of subendocardial and/or transmural LGE alone demonstrated good discriminative power (C-statistic 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.76 to 0.94) for the diagnosis of IC. The presence of an ischemic pattern on both LGE and cine sequences resulted in a specificity of 87% for the diagnosis of IC, whereas the absence of an ischemic pattern on both LGE and cine sequences resulted in a specificity of 94% for the diagnosis of NIC. Addition of resting FPP on a subset of patients did not improve diagnostic values. In conclusion, CMR has potential value in the diagnostic evaluation of IC versus NIC.
Effectiveness of needle cast at reducing erosion after forest fires

[1] Needle cast from partially burnt conifer trees commonly occurs after forest fires. The effectiveness of needles in reducing soil erosion was investigated in this study. Two needle types, ponderosa pine and Douglas fir needles, were used at four different cover amounts (0, 15, 40, and 70 percent) on granitic and volcanic derived soils. Simulated rainfall was used to examine interrill erosion; added inflow was used to determine rill erosion in a laboratory setting. After a series of “runs,” data showed that sediment delivery was greater for the granitic soil compared with the volcanic soil. Douglas fir needles were more effective at reducing interrill erosion compared with the ponderosa pine needles. Ponderosa pine needles, because of their shape and being bundled together, often caused minidebris dams to form. The minidebris dams formed by ponderosa pine needles reduce flow within the rill, resulting in less rill erosion than the Douglas fir needles. A 50 percent cover of Douglas fir needles reduced interrill erosion by 80 percent and rill erosion 20 by percent. A 50 percent cover of ponderosa pine needles reduced interrill erosion by 60 percent and rill erosion by 40 percent. We also compared the effectiveness of using stream power, rather than shear stress, to model rill erosion. Stream power was a better predictor of sediment load than shear stress. Rill detachment rates based on stream power decreased with increasing cover for both needle types. These results challenge the use of shear stress detachment rates in current erosion models and provide insight into the use of stream power detachment rates.
Spectral weight transfer in multiorbital Mott systems

We develop here a general formalism for multiorbital Mott systems that can be used to understand dynamical and static spectral weight transfer. We find that the spectral weight transferred from the high-energy scales is greatly increased as a result of the multiorbital structure. As a consequence certainly dynamically generated symmetries are obtained at lower values of doping than in the single-band Hubbard model. For example, in the atomic limit for filling less than one electron per site, the particle-hole symmetric condition in the lower band shifts from the one-band result of $x=1/3$ to $x=1/(2{n}_{o}+1)$, where ${n}_{o}$ is the number of orbitals with an unpaired spin. Transport properties computed from effective low-energy theories that forbid double occupancy of bare electrons, such as the multiorbital $t$-$J$ generalization, should all be be sensitive to this particle-hole symmetric condition. Away from the atomic limit, the dynamical contributions increase the transferred spectral weight. Consequently, any phenomena that are sensitive to an emergent particle-hole symmetry should be obtained at $xl[1/(2{n}_{o}+1)]$.
Seroepidemiological and Ecological Studies of the Adenovirus-Associated Satellite Viruses

The seroepidemiology of the defective adenovirus-associated satellite viruses was studied by use of a neutralization test that has been shown to be much more sensitive than the complement-fixation (CF) test. Less than 25% of the subjects in any age group were positive for any type of satellite virus CF antibody. The neutralization test revealed serological evidence of satellite infection in almost 80% of the subjects in some age groups. Studies of geometric mean antibody titers by neutralization showed that antibody against type 1 and the type 2-3 complex reached peak levels at 2 to 3 years of age; antibody against types 2 and 3 reached mean titers of 500 to 800, whereas mean antibody levels of only 200 were found for type 1. Type 4 antibodies were rarely noted in human sera. In a companion study in monkeys, monospecific responses to types 1 and 4 were found only in rhesus and green monkey sera, respectively. These data suggest that the type 2-3 complex may be the only naturally occurring satellite serotype which infects man and that antibodies noted against types 1 and 4 may be the result of cross-reactions. No satellite viruses were isolated from throat or rectal swabs of 100 children between 6 months and 3 years of age. However, the patterns of adenovirus and enterovirus isolations from these specimens were typical of previous studies in this laboratory.
Matrix analysis of linear antenna arrays of equally spaced elements

The analysis of an antenna array may be reduced to the solution of a set of linear equations. For large arrays, the solution of the set of equations requires considerable computer time. This communication shows how the matrix properties arising in the special case of a linear equally spaced array can be exploited to devise an efficient method for solving the set of equations.
Boron deprivation decreases liver S-adenosylmethionine and spermidine and increases plasma homocysteine and cysteine in rats

Two experiments were conducted with weanling Sprague-Dawley rats to determine whether changes in S-adenosylmethionine utilization or metabolism contribute to the diverse responses to boron deprivation. In both experiments, four treatment groups of 15 male rats were fed ground corn-casein based diets that contained an average of 0.05 mg (experiment 1) or 0.15 mg (experiment 2) boron/kg. In experiment 2, some ground corn was replaced by sucrose and fructose to increase oxidative stress. The dietary variables were supplemental 0 (boron-deprived) or 3 (boron-adequate) mg boron/kg and different fat sources (can affect the response to boron) of 75 g corn oil/kg or 65 g fish (menhaden) oil/kg plus 10 linoleic acid/kg. When euthanized at age 20 (experiment 1) and 18 (experiment 2) weeks, rats fed the low-boron diet were considered boron-deprived because they had decreased boron concentrations in femur and kidney. Boron deprivation regardless of dietary oil increased plasma cysteine and homocysteine and decreased liver S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, and spermidine. Plasma concentration of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha (indicator of oxidative stress) was not affected by boron, but was decreased by feeding fish oil instead of corn oil. Fish oil instead of corn oil decreased S-adenosylmethionine, increased spermidine, and did not affect S-adenosylhomocysteine concentrations in liver. Additionally, fish oil versus corn oil did not affect plasma homocysteine in experiment 1, and slightly increased it in experiment 2. The findings suggest that boron is bioactive through affecting the formation or utilization of S-adenosylmethionine. Dietary fatty acid composition also affects S-adenosylmethionine formation or utilization, but apparently through a mechanism different from that of boron.
Pain-related catastrophizing and perceived social responses: Inter-relationships in the context of chronic pain

Pain-related coping, particularly catastrophizing, plays a significant role in shaping pain responses. One way catastrophizing is hypothesized to amplify pain and disability is via its effect on patients' social environments (e.g., communal coping model), though empirical support is limited. The present study tested whether the association between catastrophizing and deleterious pain-related outcomes was mediated by patients' perceptions of significant others' responses to their pain in a sample of 1356 pain patients. Regression analyses showed that perceived significant other punishing responses partially mediated catastrophizing's relationship with pain-related disability, and with depressive symptoms. Further, several variables moderated the association between catastrophizing and perceived social responses to pain. Catastrophizing was more strongly associated with greater perceived solicitous responses for patients of relatively short pain duration. Also, higher catastrophizing was more strongly associated with perceived punishing responses among patients perceiving lower social support. In addition, the mediational effects of perceived punishing responses on catastrophizing's relationship with depressive symptoms, and with pain-related disability were only found in individuals reporting low levels of perceived social support. In sum, perceived social responses were found to play a small role in mediating the relationship between catastrophizing and pain-related outcomes, and these mediational effects may be strongest in particular patient subgroups. The present data suggest that interpersonal mechanisms may not constitute a primary route by which catastrophizing exerts its maladaptive effects on pain responses. The study and further understanding of what principal factors mediate catastrophizing's deleterious effects on pain will be important in illuminating the biopsychosocial model of pain.
Intraoperative iatrogenic acute pericardial tamponade: use of rescue transesophageal echocardiography in a patient undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation.

t ATROGENIC PENETRATING CARDIAC injuries are uncommon but potentially fatal.1-12 These injuries may contribte to a precipitous decline in cardiac output resulting from apid accumulation of blood in the pericardium. Prompt recogition and immediate pericardial decompression are required to revent mortality. A case of unexplained intraoperative cardioascular collapse after abdominal closure in a patient immeditely after a successful orthotopic liver transplant is presented. escue transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was used to cutely assess the hemodynamic instability and provide a rapid iagnosis that prevented a fatal outcome.
Do ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists reduce hospitalisations in older patients with heart failure? : A propensity analysis

Randomised controlled trials have shown a reduced risk of heart failure (HF) hospitalisation among users of ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists (angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs]), but these results have limited generalisability. Some observational studies have also demonstrated reductions in hospitalisation but are potentially affected by non-random treatment selection. To assess the effect of ACEI/ARB therapy on all-cause and HF-related hospitalisations among older adults using a propensity model to adjust for treatment-selection bias and focusing on consistent medication use as the exposure of interest. A retrospective cohort study of continuously enrolled, older (age ≥60 years) Kansas Medicaid beneficiaries with HF, using data from May 1999 to April 2000. A propensity analysis was used to identify a comparison group of untreated persons that were otherwise clinically similar to treated persons. The effect of regular ACEI/ARB use on hospitalisations was estimated using multivariable logistic regression models. The HF sample included 887 subjects, of whom 235 (27%) received regular ACEI/ARB therapy. To be considered a regular user of ACEI/ARB therapy (‘treated’), we required evidence that a subject obtained at least 80% of their intended daily supply. The main outcome measure was the effect of regular ACEI/ARB use on all-cause and HF-related hospitalisations. Treated subjects were matched against an equal number of untreated persons, for a final sample of 470 persons. The mean age of both treated and untreated subjects was 81 years. Regular ACEI/ARB use did not alter the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of all-cause hospitalisation (AOR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.71, 1.52), which occurred in 40% of the sample, or the odds of an HF-related hospitalisation (AOR =1.01, 95% CI 0.65, 1.57), which occurred in 22.6% of both groups. Although randomised controlled trials have shown that ACEI/ARB treatment is associated with reduced hospitalisations in patients with HF, this benefit was not observed in our study. Further study of ACEI/ARB outcomes is needed in a larger sample of older subjects with HF.
A consistent and efficient graphical analysis method to improve the quantification of reversible tracer binding in radioligand receptor dynamic PET studies

The widely used Logan plot in radioligand receptor dynamic PET studies produces marked noise-induced negative biases in the estimates of total distribution volume (DV(T)) and binding potential (BP). To avoid the inconsistencies in the estimates from the Logan plot, a new graphical analysis method was proposed and characterized in this study. The new plot with plasma input and with reference tissue input was first derived to estimate DV(T) and BP. A condition was provided to ensure that the estimate from the new plot equals DV(T) or BP. It was demonstrated theoretically that 1) the statistical expectations of the estimates from the new plot with given input are independent of the noise of the target tissue concentration measured by PET; and 2) the estimates from the time activity curves of regions of interest are identical to those from the parametric images for the new plot. The theoretical results of the new plot were also confirmed by computer simulations and fifty-five human [(11)C]raclopride dynamic PET studies. By contrast, the marked noise-induced underestimation in the DV(T) and BP images and noise-induced negative bias in the estimates from the Logan plot were demonstrated by the same data sets used for the new plot. The computational time for generating DV(T) or BP images in the human studies was reduced by 80% on average by the new plot in contrast to the Logan plot. In conclusion, the new plot is a consistent and computationally efficient graphical analysis method to improve the quantification of reversible tracer binding in radioligand receptor dynamic PET studies.
Evaluating Inpatient Glycemic Management: The Quality Hyperglycemia Score

Abstract Background: Inpatient hyperglycemia has become a major focus at many hospitals. However, although several professional organizations have pushed for improved inpatient glucose management, glycemic control at many institutions remains suboptimal. There is a general consensus that improved quality of care is needed, but objective assessment of care quality remains a challenge. Lack of clear, effective performance feedback to clinicians is one element that may derail efforts to improve practice. Methods: We developed a simplified grading system, the Quality Hyperglycemia Score (QHS), to allow clinicians and managers to easily review and compare glycemic management on adult medical–surgical and intensive care units over the prior 3 months and to more fully engage patient care teams in quality improvement. Results: The QHS represents a single value from 0 to 100, incorporating elements of glycemic management influenced by all team members. The scoring system rewards the maintenance of blood glucose le...
Development of a nonequilibrium radiative heating prediction method for coupled flowfield solutions

A method for predicting radiative heating and coupling effects in nonequilibrium flow-fields has been developed. The method resolves atomic lines with a minimum number of spectral points, and treats molecular radiation using the smeared band approximation. To further minimize computational time, the calculation is performed on an optimized spectrum, which is computed for each flow condition to enhance spectral resolution. Additional time savings are obtained by performing the radiation calculation on a subgrid optimally selected for accuracy. Representative results from the new method are compared to previous work to demonstrate that the speedup does not cause a loss of accuracy and is sufficient to make coupled solutions practical. The method is found to be a useful tool for studies of nonequilibrium flows.
Simple versus complex performance impairments at three blood glucose levels.

Abstract By using a visual reaction time paradigm, we sought to determine if disruption of relatively simple responding (finger tapping or letter recognition) or more complex responding (choice reaction time) would occur in response to blood glucose deviations. Glucose levels were maintained in 24 male diabetics to within 4% of the following targeted concentrations: 55 mg/dl (hypoglycemia), 110 mg/dl(euglycemia/ control), and 300 mg/dl (hyperglycemia). The results indicate that simple motor and perceptual skills were not affected by blood glucose alterations, while more complex cognitive processing required significantly longer response latencies during hypoglycemia. Performance impairments occurred independently of disease duration and control, and without documented neuropathy, underscoring the sensitivity of some cognitive skills to acute glucose fluctuations.
RO1 Funding for Mixed Methods Research: Lessons learned from the Mixed-Method Analysis of Japanese Depression Project.

Mixed methods research has made significant in-roads in the effort to examine complex health related phenomenon. However, little has been published on the funding of mixed methods research projects. This paper addresses that gap by presenting an example of an NIMH funded project using a mixed methods QUAL-QUAN triangulation design entitled “The Mixed-Method Analysis of Japanese Depression.” We present the Cultural Determinants of Health Seeking model that framed the study, the specific aims, the quantitative and qualitative data sources informing the study, and overview of the mixing of the two studies. Finally, we examine reviewer's comments and our insights related to writing mixed method proposal successful for achieving RO1 level funding.
Building virtual community in computational intelligence and machine learning [Research Frontier]

This paper tackles the issue of building a large-scale virtual organization for individuals and institutions that are associated with the field of computational intelligence (CI) and machine learning (ML). It begins with a few scenarios that will help illustrate the need for a virtual community in CIML.
Backward second-harmonic generation in submicron-period ion-exchanged KTiOPO4 waveguide

Abstract For the first time, we demonstrated backward second-harmonic generation (SHG) in a submicron-period ion-exchanged KTiOPO 4 (KTP) waveguide. Such a period is the shortest ever achieved in ferroelectric materials. The characteristics of backward quasi-phase-matching at the 6th and 7th orders were investigated. Our analyses on the backward SHG show that the second-harmonic linewidth and conversion efficiency are very sensitive to the grating period error. According to our measurement on the backward SH linewidth, we determined the period error to be ∼4.5×10 −3 μm for our sample, which is close to the value of ∼7×10 −3 μm measured by other techniques.
A paleolimnological record of anthropogenic disturbances at Holmes Lake, Adirondack Mountains, New York

Holmes Lake, Adirondack Mountains, New York, is a clear-water acidic lake that was treated with lime in 1983 to permit stocking of trout. Diatom assemblages in dated sediments reflect three anthropogenic modifications of the lake ecosystem: 1) assemblages from the mid- and late 1800's are associated with historical and sedimentary records of forest clearance, and indicate slightly increased pH; 2) acidobiontic species increase in sediments from the mid-1900's, a period of local reforestation and regionally increasing anthropogenic acid loading; 3) liming caused large increases of circumneutral periphytic species in the first growing season, and decreases of acidobiontic species by the second.
Surgical treatment of isolated (lone) atrial fibrillation with Gemini-S Ablation and Left Atrial Appendage Excision (GALAXY procedure).

ObjectiveSurgical ablation with radiofrequency is a safe and effective treatment for atrial fibrillation. Recent advances in instrumentation have allowed for the application of bipolar radiofrequen...
SDM propagation model for multiple channels using electromagnetic theory and vortex analysis

Spatial Domain Multiplexing (SDM) is a novel technique in optical fiber communications. Single mode fibers are used to launch Gaussian beams of the same wavelength into a multimode step index fiber at specific angles. Based on the launch angle, the channel follows a helical path. The helical trajectory is explained with the help of vortex theory. The electromagnetic wave based vortex formation and propagation is mathematically modeled for multiple channels and the results are compared against experimental and simulated data. The modeled output intensity is analyzed to show a relationship between launch angle and the electric field intensity.
Structural and biochemical characteristics of the plasmalemma and vacuole membranes in amoebae

Abstract The plasmalemma, phagolysosomes and symbiont-containing vesicles of amoebae were isolated and their membrane components were compared by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and radioautography. Both morphological and compositional changes occurred in the course of plasmalemma-to-phagolysosome membrane transition during phagocytosis; the number of PAS-staining bands and the staining intensity decreased, whereas Coomassie blue-stainable and iodinatable polypeptides increased in the number of bands and staining intensity. The membranes of symbiont-containing vesicles which did not fuse with lysosomes contained one large-molecular-weight component which was not found either in the plasmalemma or phagolysosomal membranes. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the observed selectivity of membrane fusion.
Tardive Dyskinesia Following Haloperidol Treatment in Tourette's Syndrome

To the Editor.— Transient symptoms of tardive dyskinesia have been described in patients with Tourette's syndrome during and after treatment with neuroleptic agents. 1-3 To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with Tourette's syndrome who developed persistent tardive dyskinesia following neuroleptic withdrawal. Report of a Case.— The patient, a 32-year-old man, first exhibited repetitive head and neck jerks at the age of 6 years. By the time he was diagnosed at the age of 21 years as having Tourette's syndrome, his symptoms included severe motor and phonic tics and obsessional thoughts. Haloperidol therapy was started at 1 mg/d, and gradually was increased over a ten-year interval to 7 mg/d. Although his tics were minimal at this dosage, the patient was dissatisfied with the haloperidol because of persistent insomnia, gastrointestinal discomfort, depression, mild tremors, and muscle spasms. He sought a second opinion and a decision was
Investigating carbazole jacketed precursor dendrimers: sonochemical synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical crosslinking properties.

Precursor carbazole terminated dendrons and dendrimers up to generation four (G4-D) were synthesized using a convergent approach. Sonication as a means of facilitating organic reactions in dendrimer chemistry was explored resulting in very facile and very fast (up to 50×) reaction times compared to those using traditional reflux conditions. The limits of peripheral group functionality were explored as a function of generation. The electrochemical cross-linking of the dendrimers as thin films revealed unusual cyclic voltammetry (CV) behavior depending upon the generations, which were significantly different from their linear counterpart, Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK). G1-D showed a higher extent of intermolecular cross-linking while G4-D showed a higher extent of intramolecular cross-linking. The formed films were optically clear and possess superior energy band gap properties making them an alternative candidate over PVK for future hole-transport layer materials in electro-optical devices.
Randomized, parallel-group comparison of interferon alfa-2b plus hydroxyurea versus hydroxyurea alone in patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia in chronic phase

Abstract A STUDY was undertaken to compare the effect of recombinant interferon alfa-2b (IFN alfa-2b) plus hydroxyurea (HU) with that of HU alone on haematological remission (HR) in patients with chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML). Twenty-one patients were randomized to receive either IFN alfa-2b plus HU (n = 12; seven male and five female; mean age 40 years, range 29–57 years) or HU alone (n = 9; three male and six female; mean age 35 years, range 24–50 years). All patients initially received cytoreductive therapy with HU alone, at a dose according to the white blood cell (WBC) count. When the WBC count decreased to 5−10 × 103/μl, patients were randomized to receive either IFN alfa-2b 2 million units per day by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection plus the adjusted daily dose of HU (> 150 × 103/μl, 4g; 50−150 × 103/μl, 3g; 30−50 × 103/μl, 2g; 10−30 × 103/μl, 1g; and 5−10 × 103/μl, 0g), or HU alone. Thus, patients received no HU until their WBC count rose above 5−10 × 103/μl. Eleven of 12 patients on IFN plus HU achieved a haematological response, including nine with complete haematological remission (CHR) (A1: n = 0, A2: n = 4, A3: n = 3, A4: n = 2) and two with partial haematological remission (PHR) (B1: n = 0, B2: n = 2), while none of the nine patients on HU alone achieved a remission with the above-mentioned doses of HU according to our criteria (A[CHR]: WBC count maintained below 9 × 103/μl without blast and no symptoms or signs associated with CML; subclassified according to the percentage of Ph1 chromosome: A1, Ph1 chromosome present in all analyzable metaphases; A2, Ph1 chromosome present in 35–59%; A3, 5–34%; A4, Ph1 chromosome absent from all analyzable metaphases. B[PHR]: B1, reduction of peripheral WBC count by at least 50% to
Polarized reflectometry of land mines at 814 nanometers

An experimental study was undertaken to measure the absolute reflectance of a large number of landmines using a single- mode laser diode operating at approximately 814 nm. Approximately thirty different anti-tank (AT) and anti- personnel (AP) mines were irradiated with a highly polarized laser beam configured in a monostatic geometric arrangement. The in-plane (p) and out-of-plane (s) linear polarization components were measured as a function of incidence angle of the transmitted laser energy. The relative value of the reflected power of each polarization component was calibrated against various reflecting Spectralon panels to obtain an absolute reflectance. This effort is being undertaken in support of an Army Program using an active laser system.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The palpal organs of Acartauchenius scurrilis and Syedra gracilis (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

The male palpal organs of Acartauchenius scurrilis (0.P.-C.) and Syedra gracilis (Menge) are described in detail, and the taxonomic position of the two species is discussed.
The spatial distribution of silicoflagellates in the region of the Gulf Stream warm-core ring 82B: application to water mass tracer studies

Abstract To delineate potential water mass affinities, we investigated silicoflagellates from the region of Gulf Stream warm-core ring (WCR) 82B in the northwestern Atlantic. Silicoflagellates from 202 samples from N-S and an E-W transects across WCR 82B during late April were analysed. Shelf to Sargasso Sea transects, one completed in early May and the other in June 1982 were also examined. Eight to 11 vertical profiles to 200 m comprised each of the transects. Six taxa of silicoflagellates were found in the samples studied and a total of more than 8000 specimens were encountered. Three major taxa dominated standing stocks: Distephanus speculum, Dictyocha messanensis (intermediate-sized form) and D. mandrai. D. speculum, considered a cold-water taxon in the literature, showed a higher standing stock in the cooler high-velocity region (HVR) of the warm-core ring, continental shelf (SH) and slope (SL) waters. Fewer were present in the wanner ring center (RC), Gulf Stream (GS) and Sargasso Sea (SS). D. mandrai showed a similar distribution to that of D. speculum, but its preference for slightly warmer waters (>~10°C) was noted. In contrast, Dictyocha messanensis (intermediate-sized) and Distephanus pulchra, known to be warm-water taxa, were relatively abundant in the warm ring center. In contrast to standing stock data, ratios between cold- and warm-water taxa correlate well with temperature and salinity in the warm-core ring. Since these ratios are not effected by convective loss, they are excellent water mass tracers in this system. Distribution of the silicoflagellate taxa suggests that WCR82B April had a higher affinity with the Gulf Stream than the Sargasso Sea. Scores derived from factor analysis indicate that silicoflagellate species distributions are highly correlative with water masses. This was evident from correlations with temperature, salinity and with distance from ring center. Nutrients were generally not correlated with species data. This may be due to deep vertical mixing in the ring center of 82B in April that resulted in loss of plankton cells below the euphotic zone which was responsible for low silicoflagellate standing stock. Silicoflagellate productivity, measured as % double skeletons of D. speculum, was approximately the same in all water masses. This result is consistent with the hypothesized plankton population loss due to the convection.
A study of types of word-association in dementia praecox and manic-depressives.

(1945). A Study of Types of Word-Association in Dementia Praecox and Manic-Depressives. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 257-264.
Quantification of Temperature-Dependent Order in Graphoepitaxially Aligned Monolayer and Bilayer Films of Cylindrical Morphology Block Copolymer

While the ability to direct order in block copolymer films using different techniques has been demonstrated by several researchers, comparison of the efficacy of these techniques has been limited b...
Target acquisition in resource constrained stationary camera systems

Involving humans to monitor complex areas using a network of cameras is expensive and prone to errors and fatigue. Hence arises the need for unmanned, cooperative camera systems that can identify targets with intelligent camera motions. Acquiring the targets requires panning of the cameras in a manner that minimizes the time and the contiguous space that goes unmonitored. Average Linear Uncovered Length (ALUL) quantifies the effect of a specific unmonitored area by computing the average length of all lines drawn through the area. This paper considers ALUL as a metric that indicates the target acquisition ability of a particular system configuration. When used in conjunction with temporal constraints, we can intelligently automate camera coverage to improve target acquisition and tracking performance of the system. The results from the experiments confirm that the coverage in constrained environments when the existing camera configuration cannot view large portions of the region of our interest improves when ALUL is considered.
Detection and Control of High Blood Pressure in the Community Do We Need a Wake-Up Call?

Abstract—At the community level, the effect of national programs in increasing hypertension awareness, prevention, treatment, and control is unclear. This study evaluated the degree of detection an...
Hydrogen sulfide is an oxygen sensor in the carotid body.

Abstract There is considerable controversy surrounding the initial step that transduces a fall in P O 2 into a physiological signal, i.e., the “oxygen sensor” in chemoreceptors. Initial studies on systemic and respiratory vessels suggested that the metabolism of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) could serve as the oxygen sensor. This model was subsequently extended to chemoreceptors in fish and tissues of other animals. In this model, constitutive production of biologically active H2S is offset by H2S oxidation; when oxygen availability falls, production of H2S exceeds metabolism, and the resultant increase in intracellular H2S initiates the appropriate physiological responses. This model is supported by observations that the effects of hypoxia and H2S are similar, if not identical in many tissues: hypoxic responses are inhibited by inhibitors of H2S biosynthesis and augmented by sulfur donating molecules, and the tipping point between H2S production and oxidation occurs at physiologically relevant P O 2 s . Recent studies from other laboratories support this mechanism of O2 sensing in the carotid body. This review summarizes information that supports the H2S metabolic hypothesis in these tissues with emphasis on the carotid chemoreceptors. Evidence suggesting that H2S is not involved in oxygen sensing in the carotid body is also critically evaluated.
Urologic complications of hip arthroplasty

Significant intrapelvic injuries from routine hip surgery are rare but may result in long-term urologic morbidity. Two illustrative cases are presented with attention given to the close anatomic proximity of the intrapelvic structures to the hip joint and their potential for injury after hip surgery. A review of similar cases with their management is presented.
Nursing some sense out of Myc

Data recently published in BMC Biology provide insights into the normal physiological function of c-myc in the development and regeneration of the mammary gland and indicate a key role in epithelial cell proliferation, elaboration of ductal alveoli, and the biosynthetic capacity and milk production of the mature organ.
Thio-mediated synthesis of derivatized N-linked glycopeptides using isonitrile chemistry

The reaction of oligosaccharide isonitriles with peptide thioacids in the presence of bulky thiophenol as activator to provide N-linked glycopeptides at room temperature is described.
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: computed tomographic appearance.

Abstract The authors present the computed tomographic findings in a patient with malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. No similar case has been described on computed tomography. The interesting aspects of the case and a brief review of this clinical entity is discussed.
Detection of Abnormalities in a Human Gait Using Smart Shoes

Health monitoring systems require a means for detecting and quantifying abnormalities from measured signals. In this paper, a new method for detecting abnormalities in a human gait is proposed for an improved gait monitoring system for patients with walking problems. In the previous work, we introduced a fuzzy logic algorithm for detecting phases in a human gait based on four foot pressure sensors for each of the right and left foot. The fuzzy logic algorithm detects the gait phases smoothly and continuously, and retains all information obtained from sensors. In this paper, a higher level algorithm for detecting abnormalities in the gait phases obtained from the fuzzy logic is discussed. In the proposed algorithm, two major abnormalities are detected 1) when the sensors measure improper foot pressure patterns, and 2) when the human does not follow a natural sequence of gait phases. For mathematical realization of the algorithm, the gait phases are dealt with by a vector analysis method. The proposed detection algorithm is verified by experiments on abnormal gaits as well as normal gaits. The experiment makes use of the Smart Shoes that embeds four bladders filled with air, the pressure changes in which are detected by pressure transducers.
Autonomous Thermal Control System for Highly Variable Environments

An autonomous thermal control system has been developed for instruments with steady temperature requirements that are exposed to widely varying environmental conditions. The active thermal control system uses thermo-electric (Peltier) coolers with a programmable power supply, digital temperature sensors, and on-board proportional differential logic to track and predict temperature variations. This system is designed for instruments with large thermal mass and thermally sensitive electronic components that would be effected by variabilities in the local outdoor environment including weather, sunrise, and sunset. Presented are the test results of the design showing the temperature stayed within ±0.125°C during smooth ambient temperature changes (27°C ambient change over 80 min), remained within +0.375/ ―0.6875°C under a sharp ambient temperature drop (27°C sudden drop), and remained within +0.25/―0.875°C when random variabilities in the ambient were introduced (2―10°C degree variabilities over the time frame of minutes). For the thermal control system and test results presented, it is shown that several calibration and design points must be considered for a large thermal mass system in order to achieve steady thermal control. The system presented is capable of maintaining steady thermal control within the given constraints.
Noninvasive Measurements of Gas Exchange in a Three-Dimensional Fluidized Bed by Hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR

We present a novel nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique that provides a noninvasive, direct measurement of gas exchange in a three-dimensional gas-fluidized bed of solid particles. The NMR spectrum of hyperpolarized 129Xe gas in an Al2O3 particle bed displays three resolved peaks corresponding to xenon in bubbles, the interstitial spaces (emulsion), and adsorbed on particles. Modified NMR exchange and saturation recovery sequences, together with data analysis based on an exchange-coupled set of Bloch equations, yield gas exchange rate constants between the emulsion and adsorbed phases, and between the bubble and emulsion phases. The results are in approximate agreement with previously unverified predictions from well-known models of fluidized bed behavior. Incorporation of NMR imaging methodologies would straightforwardly allow similar measurements on a spatially resolved basis.
Formula apportionment vs. separate accounting: A private information perspective

Abstract In 2002, the European Commission recommended that member countries use formula apportionment procedures to tax multinational companies. This departure from the standard separate accounting (transfer pricing) approach is an attempt to reduce the costs and distortions associated with auditing transfer prices. Unfortunately, apportionment formulas create their own economic distortions and, contrary to popular belief, they do not eliminate distortions due to asymmetric information between the multinational and the national tax authorities. In this paper, I explicitly model the role of private information in two tax competition games: one in which tax liabilities are calculated under formula apportionment and one in which tax liabilities are calculated under separate accounting and transfer prices are audited. Switching to a formula apportionment system affects the after-tax profit of multinationals and the tax revenues paid by both domestic and foreign firms. The direction and magnitude of the changes depend on the accuracy of the auditing technology and non-monotonically on multinational costs. The switch will have different effects on the tax receipts from domestic and foreign firms.
Proteasomes Begin Ornithine Decarboxylase Digestion at the C Terminus

Proteasomes denature folded protein substrates and thread them through a narrow pore that leads to the sequestered sites of proteolysis. Whether a protein substrate initiates insertion from its N or C terminus or in a random orientation has not been determined for any natural substrate. We used the labile enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), which is recognized by the proteasome via a 37-residue C-terminal tag, to answer this question. Three independent approaches were used to assess orientation as follows. 1) The 461-residue ODC protein chain was interrupted at position 305. The C-terminal fragment was degraded by purified proteasomes, but because processivity requires continuity of the polypeptide chain, the N-terminal fragment was spared. 2) A proteasome-inhibitory viral sequence prevented degradation when introduced near the C terminus but not when inserted elsewhere in ODC. 3) A bulky tightly folded protein obstructed in vivo degradation most effectively when positioned near the C terminus. These data demonstrate that the proteasome initiates degradation of this native substrate at the C terminus. The co-localization of entry site and degradation tag to the ODC C terminus suggests that recognition tags determine the site for initiating entry. Flexibility of a polypeptide terminus may promote the initiation of degradation.
White-collar crime in the criminal justice curriculum

Recognition of the significance of white-collar crime has grown substantially in recent years, but this growth has not been reflected adequately in the field of criminal justice or in the criminal justice curriculum. Through a content analysis of criminal justice and criminology textbooks and program course offerings the authors demonstrate the relative neglect of white-collar crime, and especially its marginal position in the criminal justice curriculum. Some hypothetical reasons for this relative neglect are explored. An argument is made on both theoretical and pragmatic grounds for more sustained and more systematic integration of white-collar crime into the criminal justice curriculum.
What is computer literacy: the sham, the imposter, and the misdirected

This year millions of children and adults will be subjected to computer literacy education. Yet this new computer literacy movement, has little or no basis in research or philosophy.1 Is the computer literacy movement a sham? Is it no more than a means to sell computers and texts? Or is it an impostor? Is it just a new name and more narrow focus for computer science? Or is it genuine, albeit misguided, reaction to real changes in our society?In this paper, I will argue that the computer literacy movement is well off base. I will provide justification for the need for a new term, informatics literacy, to describe what computer literacy should be. Lastly, I will describe topics which should, and should not, be part of informatics literacy education.
Effects of the anion transport inhibitor, SITS, on the proximal straight tubule of the rabbit perfused in vitro

Conventional microelectrodes were used to study the effects of SITS (4-acetamido-4′-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonate) on the basolateral membrane potentialVbl of the superficial proximal straight tubule (PST) of the rabbit kidney perfusedin vitro. Addition of 0.1mm SITS to the bathing solution resulted in a slow and irreversible hyperpolarization ofVbl from −42.5±1.17 (37) mV to −77.3±0.83 (52) mV. The new steady-state potential was reached in 10 to 15 min and was accompanied by visible cell swelling. Associated with thisVbl hyperpolarization was: 1) an increased steady-state depolarization (from 6.2±0.77 (17) mV to 25.7±0.83 (29) mV) in response to increasing bath potassium concentration from 5 to 16.7mm (HK); 2) a decreased transient depolarization (from 19.8±1.88 (8) mV to 0.43±0.37 (8) mV) in response to decreasing bath bicarbonate concentration from 22 to 6.6mm at constant bath pH (L-HCO3); and 3) inhibition of a depolarizing overshoot and a decreased steady-state depolarization (from 35.9±1.84 (12) mV to 4.7±1.37 (13) mV) in response to reducing bath sodium concentration from 144 to zero (0-Na). Sodium, chloride and NMDG (N-methyl-d-glucamine) were used as the substituting ions, respectively. These results are consistent with the presence of a coupled sodium-bicarbonate carrier in the basolateral membrane which is electrogenic and SITS inhibitable. Comparison of the time course of SITS effects on these ion-substitution responses suggests that the inhibition of the bicarbonate exit pathway(s) is the primary event and that the changes inVbl and in the steady-stateVbl responses to HK and 0-Na are secondary events which may be related to changes in intracellular composition and/or basolateral membrane properties.
Response to Comment on "Atmospheric Hydroxyl Radical Production from Electronically Excited NO2 and H2O"

Carr et al. failed to detect hydroxyl radical formation from the reaction of excited state nitrogen dioxide with water, contrary to our findings. We present several reasons, based on energetic and spectroscopic considerations, why the OH radicals we observed from this reaction are not likely to be due to multiphoton excitation as they suggest.
Radiology of Lumbar Instability

In an era of increasing use of spinal hardware whether for fusion or to preserve segmental motion, radiologic determination of spinal instability plays a prominent role in the treatment algorithm for practically all disorders affecting the spine. Although the presence of spinal instability does not always equate to symptoms directly related to the instability, spinal imaging in combination with clinical history and physical examination can provide valuable insights into the preoperative evaluation of patients, the selection of treatment options, and the subsequent postoperative follow-up. For instance, patients with confirmed instability are currently contraindicated for total disc replacements because of concerns with the long-term survival of the discs, while the presence of instability at the segment above a fusion or disc prosthesis is indicative of adjacent level disease. This article reviews the radiology of spinal instability in patients with degenerative disc disease. Instability secondary to other common causes such as trauma, congenital anomalies, deformity, inflammatory disorders, and prior surgery are outside the scope of this review.
Effect of Plasmid RP1 on Phase Changes in Inner and Outer Membranes and Lipopolysaccharide from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus: A Fourier Transform Infrared Study

The successful transfer of the resistance plasmid RP1 into the Gram-negative bacterium Acinetobacter calcoaceticus resulted in increased resistance of this microorganism to the antibiotics kanamycin and tetracycline. Microorganisms harboring the RP1 plasmid showed altered fatty acid composition in the lipopolysaccharide fraction and increased outer membrane permeability compared to organisms without the plasmid. Thermotropic gel to liquid crystal lipid phase changes were detected in both inner and outer membranes and purified lipopolysaccharide by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The phase transition temperatures observed in the outer membranes and isolated lipopolysaccharide of the plasmid-containing cells were significantly higher than those of the plasmid-free organisms, while little difference was observed for the inner membranes. The plasmid-induced decrease in outer membrane fluidity may play a mediating role in the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and susceptibility to host immune cells in Gram-negative microorganisms.