cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predicting the expansion of an urban boundary using spatial logistic regression and hybrid raster–vector routines with remote sensing and GIS

This paper presents an urban growth boundary model UGBM which utilizes spatial logistic regression SLR, remote sensing, and GIS to simulate the differentially expanding geometry of a dynamic urban boundary over decadal time periods. SLR is used as the core algorithm in a UGBM quantifying how biophysical factors influence the rate at which all edges of an urban boundary expand over time. Spatial drivers selected from a raster-based environment are used as input predictor variables to the SLR UGBM, the output response variable being the distance between time-separated urban boundary intersections along arcs extending radially from a point centered at the urban core relative to the maximum distance. Percent area match PAM quantity and location goodness-of-fit metrics, fit of the predicted distance versus observed distance, and the sensitivity of the SLR UGBM to the contribution of each predictor variable are used to assess the agreement between predicted and observed urban boundaries. The model is built, tested, and validated using satellite images of the city of Las Vegas, United States of America, collected in 1990, 2000, and 2010. We compare urban boundary simulation of full and reduced SLR UGBMs to a null UGBM lacking in specificity of predictor variables. Results indicate that the SLR UGBM has a better goodness of fit compared to a null UGBM using PAM quantity and location goodness-of-fit metrics. Then, we use the SLR UGBM to predict urban boundary expansion between the years 2000 and 2010 and describe how this model can be used to plan ahead for future boundary expansions given what is known about current edge conditions.
Large deviations probabilities for a test of symmetry based on kernel density estimator

The goal is to prove large deviations limit theorems for statistics, which are based on kernel density estimator and which are designed for symmetry testing. The formulas for the rate functions of the pointwise difference and the uniform norm of the difference are expressed in terms of the underlying density function and their asymptotics are found.
Abstract B108: Reexamination of total fluid intake and the risk of bladder cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study cohort

It has been hypothesized that high fluid intake may reduce contact time between carcinogens and bladder epithelial and consequently reduce carcinogenesis. Epidemiologic studies examining fluid intake and bladder cancer have been extremely inconsistent, ranging from strong inverse to strong positive associations. We reevaluated the association between fluid intake and bladder cancer among 47,909 participants in the prospective Health Professionals Follow-up Study over a period of 23 years. 823 incident bladder cancer cases were diagnosed during follow-up (1986–2008). Information on fluid intake was collected using the food-frequency questionnaire at the baseline and every four years thereafter. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to adjust for risk factors for bladder cancer. Total fluid intake was inversely associated with bladder cancer when the analysis was based on the baseline diet (RR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60–0.97, comparing the highest total daily fluid intake quintile (>2531 ml per day) to the lowest quintile ( Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):B108.
Optimization in simulation experiments using response surface methodology

Abstract Decision makers are increasingly using simulation in their analyses. The thrust of such simulation analysis frequently is to determine the optimum combination of factors and/or to investigate the relationship between the response and the factors. These objectives coincide with the goal of the optimum-seeking techniques of response surface methodology (RMS). However, despite many efforts to encourage the application of RMS to simulation including Brightman[10], Burdick & Thomas[11], Meier[33], Montgomery & Evans[35] and Naylor[38], RMS has yet to receive much attention and respect from practitioners and academicians. This paper is an attempt to stimulate a greater awareness of RMS and its associated experimental designs as they relate to simulation. Our objective is accomplished through the use of two tree diagrams, which help the experimenter choose an appropriate design, and an example which demonstrates the benefits and problems associated with RMS and simulation.
Dynamics underlying the patterning of cardiac dysrhythmias.

We use nonlinear methods to predict changes in cardiac rhythms over periods of up to several hours. The patterns of measured premature heart beats which correspond to return cycles of a 1D map are found to be organized into a devil's staircase when plotted against heart rate. Throughout the data collections, changes in patterns with heart rate agree with the computed dynamics. This result, typical of the majority of patients examined, demonstrates that (1) simple recursions can model complex biological rhythms and (2) mode locking can play a dominant role in the patterning of arrhythmias.
A Mechanism for Error Detection in Speeded Response Time Tasks.

The concept of error detection plays a central role in theories of executive control. In this article, the authors present a mechanism that can rapidly detect errors in speeded response time tasks. This error monitor assigns values to the output of cognitive processes involved in stimulus categorization and response generation and detects errors by identifying states of the system associated with negative value. The mechanism is formalized in a computational model based on a recent theoretical framework for understanding error processing in humans (C. B. Holroyd & M. G. H. Coles, 2002). The model is used to simulate behavioral and event-related brain potential data in a speeded response time task, and the results of the simulation are compared with empirical data.
Office Charisma in Early Christian Ephesus

By tracing the backgrou7u1 of three kinds of early Christian leadership offices that appeared in Ephesus in the second century, and by examining what issues a contemporary writer made about them, propositions about the emergence of office charisma are derived. Extemal relations appear to result in the merging of different leadership structures. Subgroup/subgroup relations help consolidate pre-existing offices. Mediating structures are critical to the transfonnation of personal charisma into office charisma. And an involvement of office holders in some prima7y activity of a group ma1ces any claim of an office salient to group members. In his description of office charisma, Max Weber (1978:1139-1141) speaks of the reversal of "genuine charisma" into its opposite; originally the holder of charisma would be "ennobled by virtue of his own actions" (1978:1139) and a personal following, but with office charisma legitimacy comes by virtue of inheritance or a ritualized acquisition of the office, irrespective of the personal or "genuine charisma" of the individual (Weber 1978:1139-1 141). The incumbent of an office that is the locus of charisma, in contrast to the personal charisma of the holder of that office, follows procedures that tend toward the kind of authority that Weber (1978:217S218) terms "legal," wherein rules follow the logic of instrumental reason, where an abstract system of law that may be applied to cases develops, where holders of authority are themselves subject to an impersonal order, where members of an organization obey the law as members, and where members obey their superior not because of the latter's person but because of the order that those superiors represent. I say "tend toward," since Weber's depiction is that of a pure type rather than any real case. Office charisma is important in the continuation of religious entities beyond the time of their founding figures and in the maintenance of formal religious organizations. Apart from peculiarly religious phenomena, office charisma is vital in business organizations that survive their founding entrepreneurs and in politiS cal organizations that survive their founding revolutionaries. In the modern govS ernmental world, office charisma is essential to the effectiveness of nonSpolitical, civil service offices. In democracies, where a large sector of the public prefers governance by someone other than the politician who ends up holding officef it
Modeling Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenesis in plant hosts

A pathogenic model in which both the pathogen and its host are amenable to genetic manipulation can greatly facilitate the understanding of bacterial pathogenesis. Plants are genetically tractable and can be used as experimental models for human microbial pathogenesis. We present protocols for both lettuce and Arabidopsis leaf infection models using the opportunistic human bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The lettuce model allows for high-throughput qualitative analysis of virulence and is suitable for screening large numbers of bacterial strains, whereas the Arabidopsis model provides a quantitative approach and permits the tracking of bacterial cell proliferation in planta. The lettuce model takes approximately 24 h including bacterial growth using store-bought lettuce, and the Arabidopsis model takes 4-6 weeks to grow the plants and a similar time as with lettuce to infect the plants. Both models are monitored for up to 5 d post-infection. These methodologies can and have been used to identify novel and critical P. aeruginosa pathogenicity agents, as virulence factors are often conserved across phylogeny.
Optimization modeling for capacity planning of production facilities and alternative facilities with consumable capacity

This paper deals with aspects of optimization modeling for the capacity planning of production facilities and alternative facilities with consumable capacity. Application areas are in the waste management field where production-like facilities (e.g., combustion facilities) with utilization rate constraints may be utilized to satisfy the demand for waste disposal. During periods of high demand or production facilty downtime, alternative facilities with consumable capacity (e.g., landfills) may be utilized to satisfy waste disposal demand. The utilization of the consumable capacity facility is not limited by a rate constraint, but rather through an overall consumptive limit. A dynamic programming formulation is proposed for the solution of this capacity planning problem, and the verification of the associated computer program is addressed. Results for the City of Durham, NC, USA are presented.
Chemistry of extractable nitrosyl ruthenium species in the system nitric acid-tributyl phosphate-dodecane

Abstract Fission product ruthenium is present in solutions resulting from the dissolution of spent nuclear fuel in the form of nitro and nitrato complexes of nitrosyl ruthenium. A fraction of the ruthenium, mostly higher nitrato complexes, is extracted into the organic solvent phase in the Purex process. Stripping tests reveal a component in the solvent phase that cannot be readily transferred to the aqueous phase. Experiments were performed to determine whether the retained fraction is a highly extractable species originally present in the aqueous phase or if it is the product of a reaction between the extracted species and the solvent. A chromatographic procedure was developed to separate the species in the aqueous phase. This revealed a species more extractable than the tetranitrato complex; however, since the separation process involved TBP, the ambiguity regarding the origin of this species could not be resolved. On the other hand, in a separate series of experiments evidence was found showing that the retained species result from a reversible reaction in the solvent phase. The equilibrium concentration of this species is dependent on the temperature and the tributyl phosphate activity. This complex apparently results from the substitution of aquo ligands in the extracted species by tributyl phosphate.
BRAIN INJURY IN THE NEONATAL RAT IS REDUCED BY NEUTROPHIL DEPLETION INDUCED BEFORE BUT NOT AFTER A HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC INSULT. • 2254

Neutrophils contribute to reperfusion brain injury in adult animals. Antineutrophil strategies may be neuroprotective after birth asphyxia. Objectives:1) To determine if neutropenia induced before a cerebral hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult could reduce brain swelling and long term injury in a neonatal rat. 2) To determine if neutrophil depletion after the HI insult(by 8h of recovery) could reduce brain injury. We injected 7 day old (P7) rats with antineutrophil serum and measured the fall in absolute neutrophil count in blood at 2hrly intervals. After 8h the neutrophil count fell from a normal level of 6,180±1,457per mm3 to 389±778 (Mean ±SD). In another 69 rats we induced a HI insult to the R cerebral hemisphere by R common carotid artery ligation. Four hours later we exposed the pups to 2.25h systemic hypoxia in 8% oxygen, then recovered the rats in room air. The Control Group (n=25, not neutropenic) received normal rabbit serum at the time of carotid ligation. The Pre Group (n=18) were injected with antineutrophil serum at the time of ligation and the (Post group, n=24) received antineutrophil serum immediately upon recovery in room air. At 42h recovery we measured hemispheric water content (wet-dry wt) and calculated R hemisphere(RH) swelling.The RH swelled 13.7±9.1%(Mean ±SD) in the Control group and 10.2±9.5% in the Post group. In the Pre group it swelled only 3.2±4.2%,p=<0.001 ANOVA pre vs other groups. To study long term neuroprotection, 60 additional rats were subjected to the same HI insult and treatment groups. The rats were killed after 14d recovery, the brains were immersion fixed, and a 2mm thick coronal section cut. We measured the hemisphere areas and related the areas: R/L ×100 (the lower the ratio the more damaged the RH). The Control non neutropenic rats (n=21) had a ratio 81.8±16.6% (Mean ±SD) the Post HI Group (n=22) a ratio of 78.3±18.2 and the Pre group (n=17) a ratio of 93.6±11.6, p=0.03 ANOVA Pre vs Control. In conclusion neutropenia induced before HI reduces brain swelling and long term injury in 7 day old rats. However, depletion induced by the 8th hour of recovery is not protective.
Rational surfaces and regular maps into the 2-dimensional sphere

Let X and Y be affine nonsingular real algebraic varieties. A general problem in Real Algebraic Geometry is to try to decide when a \({\cal C}^\infty\) mapping, \(f:X\rightarrow Y\), can be approximated by regular mappings in the space of \({\cal C}^\infty\) mappings, \({\cal C}^\infty(X,Y)\), equipped with the \({\cal C}^\infty\) topology. In this paper, we obtain some results concerning this problem when the target space is the 2-dimensional standard sphere and X has a complexification \(X_{\mathbb C}\) that is a rational (complex) surface. To get the results we study the subgroup \(H^2_{{\mathbb C}-\text{alg}}(X,{\mathbb Z})\) of the second cohomology group of X with integer coefficients that consists of the cohomology classes that are pullbacks, via the inclusion mapping \(X\rightarrow X_{\mathbb C}\), of the cohomology classes in \(H^2(X_{\mathbb C},{\mathbb Z})\) represented by complex algebraic hypersurfaces.
Sea urchin herbivory: evidence for long-lasting effects in subtropical seagrass meadows

A 4-month enclosure experiment, using high (40/m2) sea urchin densities (Lytechinus variegatus) (Lamarck), examined the effects of urchin grazing during winter-spring in St. Joseph Bay, Florida. This was done to test a prediction generated in earlier grazing experiments that repeated sea urchin cropping during fall and winter would likely produce permanently unvegetated plots. Three treatments were replicated in this experiment: (1) continuous grazing; (2) intermittent grazing of one week/month; and (3) no grazing (control). In addition, predation potential on various sized urchins was assessed using tethering experiments, and urchin residence times were estimated by direct observation. Sea urchin grazing dramatically affected seagrass habitat structure for long periods of time (> 3.5 yr). Intermittent grazing produced significant reductions in aboveground plant biomass compared to controls, while continuous grazing produced apparently permanent loss of sea-grasses. The winter start of the experiments was important in producing the large grazing effects observed because low productivity during winter increases the probability that plants can exhaust stored rhizome reserves. Published productivity values of seagrasses and urchin feeding rates, combined with our field densities of resident urchins, suggest that most aboveground production at our study site is consumed by urchins. Tethering experiments showed that small urchins (< 30 mm test diameter) were consumed in significantly greater numbers than large urchins (31–60 mm test diameter) and that significantly more urchins were consumed on sand than in grass. We hypothesize that urchins and seagrasses can coexist because newly recruited urchins are consumed at high rates when seagrass density is lowered by large amounts of urchin grazing, which subsequently leads to lower urchin densities. This eventually allows seagrasses to recover to high densities, which results in increased urchin survival. This, in turn, leads to high rates of grazing and, once again, reduced seagrass density.
Access or acquisition: The impact and implications of electronic publishing

Abstract This paper looks at electronic publishing and its potential impact on the publication and distribution of library materials. Potential barriers to the “electronic library”e are also discussed.
Novel gas fluidized bed stirred media mill: Design and performance of a prototype

Abstract The performance of a prototype novel gas fluidized bed stirred media mill was compared with that of conventional stirred media mills. The gas fluidized bed stirred media mill concept is thought to offer the advantages of reduced viscous dissipation of energy into the suspending fluid, continuous removal of product fines, and comminution in a dry environment. The test results confirm reduced power consumption relative to the liquid suspension stirred media mill. The energy efficiency (m2 of new surface generated per kilowatt hour of milling energy supplied) of the prototype was found to be less than that of the liquid suspension mill, but it was greater than when the mill was operated without liquid suspension or air fluidization. Resources did not permit optimization of the mechanical design or operating conditions of the mill. With more work devoted to the concept, higher efficiencies could probably be realized.
Studies on the production of sphingolipid bases by the yeast, Hansenula ciferri.

Abstract The acetylated sphingolipid bases produced by Hansenula ciferri have been examined by Chromatographic and degradative methods. Mixtures of fully and partially acetylated bases were extracted both from the extracellular medium and from the cells. Whole cell experiments with labeled precursors showed that phytosphingosine is derived from serine and palmitic acid, apparently by a pathway analogous to that found in animal tissues. Labeled hexadec-2-enoic acid was incorporated equally as well as palmitic acid into the sphingolipid bases, while 2-hydroxypalmitic acid was incorporated much less well than palmitate.
The Strategic Use of Soft Balancing: The Normative Dimensions of the Chinese–Russian ‘Strategic Partnership’

Abstract This article examines Chinese and Russian foreign policy and military strategy from the theoretical standpoint of soft balancing. Analysis of their thinking indicates that both seek to offset US military superiority without engaging American power directly. To that end, Chinese and Russian strategists have adopted ‘soft’ or ‘normative’ power assets as strategic capabilities in their military and foreign policy. Alternative norms, such as the concept of ‘sovereign democracy’, allow China and Russia to deliberately ignore human rights issues in order to achieve diplomatic advantage with respect to the United States. The two powers have institutionalized these norms within the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, which they use to counterbalance US interests in Central Asia.
Targeted training of ultrasonic vocalizations in aged and parkinsonian rats

An ultrasonic microphone mounted above the male's home cage records the vocalizations. Recording begins after the female rat is removed to isolate the male calls. Vocalizations can be viewed in real time for training or recorded and analyzed offline. By recording and acoustically analyzing vocalizations before and after vocal training, the effects of disease and restoration of normal function with training can be assessed. This model also allows us to relate the observed behavioral (vocal) improvements to changes in the brain and neuromuscular system.
APPLICATION OF THE PSEUDOPOTENTIAL METHOD TO ATOMIC SCATTERING.

The empirical pseudopotential method is discussed and applied to a calculation of the spin-exchange cross section in collisions of Na and Cs atoms. The difference between potential energy curves for the lowest singlet and triplet states of the Na-Cs system is calculated by the Heitler-London method, using a Hamiltonian in which the effects of tightly bound electrons are replaced by a pseudopotential. Wave functions for the free atoms are found by numerical integration using the pseudopotential, and agree well with the exact valence-electron functions at large distances. The scattering phase shifts are calculated in the WKB approximation, and the cross section computed from them is averaged over a Boltzmann distribution of relative velocities. At a temperature of 500\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, the averaged reduced spin-exchange cross section is 1.5 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} 1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$.
What did Frederick the great know about financial engineering? A survey of recent covered bond market developments and research

Abstract This article is a survey of the covered bond market with a focus on recent developments in the U.S. Covered bonds are debt obligations secured by a pool of assets, usually consisting of residential mortgages or other public debt. The covered bond asset pool is ring-fenced, dynamically managed, and remains on the balance sheet of the issuer. The issuer replaces non-performing assets and maintains a minimum overcollateralization level. U.S. lawmakers, regulators, and financial institutions are currently working toward jump-starting a market for U.S. issued covered bonds. Recent academic research has focused on the determinants of covered bond spreads and whether these instruments can become an alternative source of mortgage financing in the U.S.
Selected isolates of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus propagated on bovine turbinate cells: Virus titer and soluble antigen production as factors in immunogenicity of killed BVD virus

Soluble antigen production in a bovine turbinate cell line by 17 isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus was studied. We showed that the quantity of soluble antigen produced may vary considerably between isolates. Further, the isolate producing the greatest quantity of soluble antigen produced a higher antibody titer in calves than an isolate producing only half as much soluble antigen.
Evolutionary algorithms for training neural networks

This paper surveys the various approaches used to apply evolutionary algorithms to develop artificial neural networks that solve pattern recognition, classification, and other tasks. These approaches are classified into four groups, each addressing one aspect of an artificial neural network: (a) evolving connection weights; (b) evolving neural architectures; (c) evolving an ensemble of networks; and (d) evolving node functions. Hybrid approaches are also discussed.
High-performance computing applications for survivability-lethality technologies

Large-scale numerical simulations of complex weapon-target interactions help guide experiments, illustrate physical processes, ascertain performance limits, extract transient response characteristics, and augment experimental databases. This article provides an overview of computational terminal ballistics methods and their application to large-scale problems.
Effects of biased information on the relationship between eyewitness confidence and accuracy

The accuracy and confidence of observers’ memories of a videotaped crime scenario were assessed. Seventy-six college undergraduates served as the subjects. One week after viewing the tape, the subjects read a passage that described the crime scenario, so as to “refresh their memories” of the event. The passage contained leading, misleading, or control (no supplemental) information. After reading the passage, the subjects were tested again. The results showed a significant interaction for accuracy between type of passage and time of test (F = 94.61, p <.001), and a significant interaction for confidence between type of passage, time of test, and type of response (correct, incorrect; F = 26.27, p <.001). The overall pattern of findings indicated that the subjects spontaneously placed more confidence in the experimenter’s biased knowledge of the event than in their own memories.
Implementation of an undulator beamline on Aladdin

Abstract The first undulator monochromator on the Aladdin storage ring has been installed and recently tested. The design and alignment of an undulator beamline presented several unique problems not normally encountered in the design of bending magnet beamlines. The primary problem is the lack of visible radiation from the undulator source when it is operated under normal conditions. In this case a temporary beamline was installed to measure the intensity of undulator light transmitted through a pinhole which could be horizontally and vertically scanned through the undulator beam. This was used to adjust the steering of the beam to be centered in the port and to do some nondispersive characterization of the undulator. This temporary line was designed to permit precision alignment of the components of the beamline according to the measured position of the full energy beam. The monochromator used on this beamline is a 6 m toroidal grating monochromator (TGM). It allows further dispersive testing of the undulator and provides dispersed undulator flux for user experiments. The beamline is identical in terms of expected reflectivity losses and grating efficiencies to two similar beamlines implemented on bending magnets. This allows direct comparison of the flux available to experimenters from undulator sources to flux from bending magnets. Initial measurements indicate that with the undulator gap set for 50 eV, at the peak of the first harmonic, the undulator beamline produces 40 times more flux than a similar beamline using a bending magnet source.
Clinical, genetic and radiographic analysis of 108 patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) manifested by pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNETs).

Background von Hippel-Lindau (vHL) disease is an autosomal dominant syndrome associated with neoplasms in multiple organs, which includes the pancreas. Here, we report the greatest single center experience in patients with vHL pancreatic endocrine tumor (PNETs). Methods Between December 1998 and November 2006, 633 patients with vHL were evaluated and those with PNETs were enrolled on a prospective protocol. Results Overall, 108 vHL patients had PNETs (17%). Nine patients had metastatic disease (8.3%) from their PNET. Patients with lesions greater than 3 cm (n = 25) were more likely to develop metastases than patients with lesions less than 3 cm (n = 83) (P Conclusions By implementing a system of selective operative resection based on defined criteria, vHL patients with PNETs can be managed safely. For patients with small primary lesions ( 500 days), a nonoperative approach may be appropriate for these nonfunctional neoplasms.
Vertex maps between $$\triangle $$ ▵ , $$\Box $$ □ , and $$\Diamond $$ ◊

We study the vertices of the polytopes of all affine maps (a.k.a. hom-polytopes) between higher dimensional simplices, cubes, and crosspolytopes. Systematic study of general hom-polytopes was initiated in [3]. The study of such vertices is the classical aspect of a conjectural homological theory of convex polytopes. One quickly runs into open problems even for simple source and target polytopes. The vertices of $$\mathrm{Hom }(\triangle _m,-)$$ and $$\mathrm{Hom }(-,\Box _n)$$ are easily understood. In this work we describe the vertex sets of $$\mathrm{Hom }(\Box _m,\triangle _n)$$ , $$\mathrm{Hom }(\Diamond _m,\triangle _n)$$ , and $$\mathrm{Hom }(\Diamond _m,\Diamond _n)$$ . The emergent pattern in our arguments is reminiscent of diagram chasing in homological algebra.
Loiasis in a Young Child in Oregon

Chez une enfant ayant vecu un an en Republique Centre Africaine et souffrant d'episodes d'œdeme de la region sourciliere et de la paupiere superieure avec une eosinophilie sanguine et un taux eleve d'anticorps antifilaires. Apres l'administration de diethylcarbamazine, l'enfant developpa une papule au niveau de la region antecubitale d'ou sortit a la pression un fragment de ver
Roles of Siderophores, Oxalate, and Ascorbate in Mobilization of Iron from Hematite by the Aerobic Bacterium Pseudomonas mendocina

In aerobic, circumneutral environments, the essential element Fe occurs primarily in scarcely soluble mineral forms. We examined the independent and combined effects of a siderophore, a reductant (ascorbate), and a low-molecular-weight carboxylic acid (oxalate) on acquisition of Fe from the mineral hematite (alpha-Fe(2)O(3)) by the obligate aerobe Pseudomonas mendocina ymp. A site-directed DeltapmhA mutant that was not capable of producing functional siderophores (i.e., siderophore(-) phenotype) did not grow on hematite as the only Fe source. The concentration of an added exogenous siderophore (1 microM desferrioxamine B [DFO-B]) needed to restore wild-type (WT)-like growth kinetics to the siderophore(-) strain was approximately 50-fold less than the concentration of the siderophore secreted by the WT organism grown under the same conditions. The roles of a reductant (ascorbate) and a simple carboxylic acid (oxalate) in the Fe acquisition process were examined in the presence and absence of the siderophore. Addition of ascorbate (50 microM) alone restored the growth of the siderophore(-) culture to the WT levels. A higher concentration of oxalate (100 microM) had little effect on the growth of a siderophore(-) culture; however, addition of 0.1 muM DFO-B and 100 muM oxalate restored the growth of the mutant to WT levels when the oxalate was prereacted with the hematite, demonstrating that a metabolizing culture benefits from a synergistic effect of DFO-B and oxalate.
Electrokinetic effects in fluid-saturated poroelastic media.

The Biot theory of fluid-saturated poroelastic media is extended to include the electrokinetic effects of streaming potential and electro-osmosis in the low-frequency or ``resistive'' domain. The equations presented are shown to reduce to the familiar equations under steady-state conditions, where they also satisfy the Onsager reciprocity conditions. Plane-wave solutions to the linearized equations show that significant electric potentials accompany the passage of compressional waves for a broad range of material properties and frequencies. Mechanical motion is shown to be essentially unaffected by the electromechanical coupling as it is in second order in the electrokinetic effects.
AGU Celebrates Leaders for Contributions to Policy and Public Awareness

In recognition of outstanding leadership and vision in shaping policy and heightening public awareness of the value of Earth and space science, AGU has chosen Sen. Barbara Mikulski (D-Md.), chairwoman of the Senate Appropriations Committee; Naomi Oreskes, a science historian and author of the book Merchants of Doubt; and Eugenie Scott, former executive director for the National Center for Science Education (NCSE), as recipients of the 2014 AGU Presidential Citations for Science and Society. The awards will be presented on Tuesday, 17 June, during the 2014 AGU Science Policy Conference at a reception on Capitol Hill.
Matvei Bronstein and quantum gravity: 70th anniversary of the unsolved problem

Matvei Bronstein's 1935 work on quantum gravity, the first in-depth study of the problem, is analyzed in the context of the history of physics and the scientist's career. Bronstein's analysis of field measurability revealed "an essential difference between quantum electrodynamics and the quantum theory of the gravitational field" and showed that general relativity and quantum theory are fundamentally difficult to unify. Featured in the story are Planck, Einstein, Heisenberg, Pauli, Rosenfeld, Landau, and Bohr. The methodological uniqueness of the quantum gravity problem is discussed.
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the head and neck in childhood

A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma localized to the head and neck revealed a survival rate of 51.7%. This contrasts with a survival rate of 9% computed from the literature for children with local and regional non-Hodgkin lymphoma in various parts of the body. Major factors influencing survival appeared to be: (1) stage of lymphoma (12 of 17 Stage I survived); (2) histology (7 of 7 patients whose lesions were classified as nodular survived as compared to 5 of 17 with lesions classified as diffuse); and (3) anatomic location. Leukemia developed in seven patients with lesions of the diffuse histologic type. Recent experience suggests that aggressive, integrated treatment with surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy may favorably alter the course of the disease in patients with unfavorable histologic lesions.
Calculations of Autoionizing d 9 s 2 np Levels in Zn i, Cd i, and Hg i

Three Rydberg series of the type d10s21S0−d9s2np. (J = 1) are known in each of these spectra. We have made intermediate-coupling calculations for the configurations Zn i 3d94s24p, 5p; Cd i 4d95s25p, 6p; and Hg i 5d96s27p. The Slater parameters were determined to about 15% accuracy by various methods, or were adopted from previous calculations. Percentage compositions in the LS coupling scheme and in the scheme of highest purity are given for the three levels having J = 1 in each configuration. The results establish the most appropriate designations for these levels and for all of the higher d9s2np series members. Although the Zn i 3d94s24p (J = 1) levels are found to be significantly perturbed, the calculated relative oscillator strengths of the three absorption transitions to these levels agree well with the experimental values. Some other comparisons with experiment are discussed, and the relative intensities of the three observed series within each spectrum are qualitatively explained.
Cost-efficient live VM migration based on varying electricity cost in optical cloud networks

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) proliferation has led to widespread use of cloud-computing services. ICT constitutes a significant portion of the worldwide energy consumption, and reduction in operating energy expenditures is a high priority for cloud-service providers. Spatial and temporal variations in electricity price can be exploited to reduce the operating cost. One approach is to employ live VM migration for moving, at the right time of the day, virtualized workloads (i.e., VMs) towards those datacenters (DCs) with cheaper energy price. Our approach for cost-efficient VM migration based on varying electricity prices significantly reduces the energy cost to operate cloud services.
Complex spatial equilibria of u-joint supported cables under torque, thrust and self-weight

Under low tension conditions, cables may form complex three-dimensional equilibria including interior loops or hockles. Such loops may seriously degrade the performance of cables employed in a variety of ocean engineering applications. This investigation focuses on the globally large cable equilibria that form in response to steady torque, thrust and self-weight. The thrust and torque considered are applied at the cable boundaries through special rotations of u-joint connections. A theoretical model based on Kirchhoff rod assumptions is employed to analyze the existence and stability of one-, two- and three-dimensional cable equilibria under a broad range of loading parameters. Results highlight the controlling influences exerted by boundary reactions and cable self-weight.
Thyroxine Analogs IX: 4'-Deoxy-4'-β-L-alanyl-3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine and Related Stereoisomers as Thyroxine Antagonists

On the basis of structural considerations and the activity of 2',6'-diiodothyronine (I), 4'-deoxy-4'-β-L-alanyl-3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (VIIb) 1 and a mixture of related stereoisomers have been prepared and tested for activity as thyroxine antagonists in the rat antigoiter assay. The L,L-isomer (VIIb) proved moderately effective as an antagonist at a molar ratio to L-thyroxine of 100:1. The mixed DL,DL-isomers (VIIa) as well as the L,L-isomer (VIIb) were ineffective when tested at a molar ratio to L-thyroxine of 200:1.
Characterization of ultradrawn polyethylene fibers by NMR: crystallinity, domain sizes and a highly mobile second amorphous phase

Abstract The structure of ultradrawn ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers has been investigated by solid-state NMR. A crystallinity of (88±2)% was determined by traditional 1H NMR lineshape decomposition, and by a new adaptation of 13C NMR crystallinity determination for polyethylenes with extremely long crystalline T1 relaxation times. 1H spin diffusion yields amorphous domain sizes of 10±5 nm , and crystalline regions of 100±50 nm diameters. A second, highly mobile, amorphous phase, making up (0.8±0.2)% of the sample, was detected by 1H NMR. In spite of its 1.8 kHz 1H line width, it shows little spin diffusion to the other phases, even on a 500-ms time scale; this suggests domains of more than 3 nm thickness or chains extending into voids. Being undetectable in the extruded precursor material and in the fibers after melting, this highly mobile phase must have been induced by the drawing process. 13C NMR confirms that no low-molecular-weight additives are present on a level above 0.01%. A similar highly mobile component has also been detected in drawn medium-molecular-weight polyethylenes. The fraction of partially mobile, oriented interfacial material or tie-molecules in the fiber was found to be ∼5%, while rigid gauche conformers could not be detected (concentration
Evaluation of methods of measurement and estimation of left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction

Using multiple gated cardiac blood pool imaging and single-plane ventriculography from cardiac catheterization, 2 independent measures of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) were determined in each of 21 patients. Patients were seen 2 to 6 weeks after their first acute myocardial infarction and were free of electrocardiographic evidence of conduction abnormalities and left or right ventricular hypertrophy. Differences between the 2 measures of LVEF were examined and then compared with the extent of myocardial necrosis estimated from the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram using the complete 54-criteria/32-point Selvester QRS scoring system. Regression analysis yielded an r value of 0.81 (SEE = 8.05) for the overall relation between the 2 measures of LVEF. Correlation coefficients of −0.70, −0.66 and −0.72 were obtained for the relations of radionuclide LVEF, catheterization LVEF and the mean of these 2 determinations, respectively, compared with QRS score. A QRS score 4 or less achieved 100% specificity and that of 8 or less 100% sensitivity for predicting an LVEF greater than 40%. Thus, the Selvester QRS scoring system may be of value in identifying patients with or without markedly impaired LVEF. This risk stratification may be important in reaching optimal postinfarction therapeutic decisions.
Factor analysis of body hair distributions

Using observations on the presence or absence of terminal hair in 13 locations on 700 white adult males, descriptive statistics were tabulated, phi coefficients of intercorrelation were computed, principal axis factor loadings were extracted, and varimax rotation of factors to simple structure was performed. The resulting rotated factors were interpreted as five independent components of body hair distribution: dorsal (less sacral), pubic extension, thoracic, sacral, and abdominal.
Exercise subcostal two-dimensional echocardiography: A new method of segmental wall motion analysis

This study determines the effectiveness of the subcostal view 2-dimensional (2-D) echocardiogram in providing images of left ventricular wall motion at rest and during symptom-limited upright bicycle exercise and compares 2-D echocardiographic regional wall motion analysis with first-pass radionuclide angiography. Diagnostic-quality subcostal 2-D echocardiograms at rest were obtained in 95% of unselected persons studied (16 of 17 normal subjects and 23 of 24 patients who had had myocardial infarction [MI]). All who had adequate studies at rest had diagnostic-quality maximal exercise studies. Segmental wall motion at rest and exercise determined by 2-D echocardiography correlated well with radionuclide angiography in both the normal and post-MI groups. The chi-squared values for the 3 segments analyzed were: anterior 52 (p < 0.001), apical 56 (p < 0.001) and inferior 37 (p < 0.001). It is concluded that subcostal view 2-D echocardiography at rest and at the peak of symptom-limited upright bicycle exercise is a feasible and accurate noninvasive method for the analysis of segmental left ventricular function.
Aerodynamic Indicial Functions and Their Use in Aeroelastic Formulation of Lifting Surfaces

An investigation related to the use of linear indicial functions in the time and frequency domains, enabling one to derive the proper aerodynamic loads as to study the subcritical response and flutter of swept lifting surfaces, respectively, of the open/closed loop aeroelastic system is presented. The expressions of the lift and aerodynamic moment in the frequency domain are given in terms of the Theodorsen's function, while, in the time domain, these are obtained directly with the help of the Wagner's function. Closed form solutions of aerodynamic derivatives are obtained, graphical representations are supplied and conclusions and prospects for further developments are outlined.
Neutral alkoxylipids and wax esters of mullet (Mugil cephalus) roe

Abstract 1. 1. Alk-1-enyl diglycerides and alkyl diglycerides occur as minor constituents in the roe lipids of mullet (Mugil cephalus). 2. 2. The alk-1-enyl and alkyl moieties of the neutral alkoxylipids and the constituent alcohols and fatty acids of wax esters from mullet roe were analyzed. 3. 3. Polyunsaturated chains occur in the alk-1-enyl, alkyl and acyl moities. Odd-numbered chains also are present in these moieties.
Sediment-based evidence of platinum concentration changes in an urban lake near Boston, Massachusetts.

Emission from automobile catalysts has resulted in elevated platinum concentration in the urban and roadside environment. The work presented here investigates the chronological record of platinum in sediments from the Upper Mystic Lake near Boston, MA, and aims at providing a better understanding of the environmental platinum cycle. Sediment cores were collected by freeze-coring and dated using 210Pb activities, laminations, and depth profiles of elements with a well-known history. Platinum concentrations were determined by quadrupole ICP-MS. While platinum concentration remained relatively low and steady from 1870 to 1975 (<5 ng g-1), the time of automobile catalyst introduction is followed by a sharp concentration increase, reaching a plateau in 1992 with 29.2 ng g-1. Platinum deposition likewise remains low with 0.8 ug m-2 yr-1 before 1975, increases from 1975 to 1990, and then remains relatively constant throughout the 1990s with a deposition rate of 7.2 ug m-2 yr-1. The average size for Pt-containing particles was estimated to be 17 um, corre sponding to the deposition of approximately 14 000 particles m-2 yr-1.
Probing the spatial requirements for [60]fullerene-[60]fullerene π-stacking and the syn addition of [60]fullerenes across acenes

Abstract The reaction between 2 equiv of [60]fullerene and 6,8,15,17-tetraphenylheptacene-7,16-quinone leads to both cis and trans -bis[60]fullerene adducts. This result contrasts sharply with the highly diastereoselective syn additions of [60]fullerenes across 6,13-diphenylpentacene and 6,8,15,17-tetraphenylheptacene. The importance of spatially dependent [60]fullerene–[60]fullerene π-stacking interactions in promoting a syn addition of [60]fullerenes is discussed.
Resilience in children and youth: A review

Many children are reared in less than ideal family conditions (e.g., poverty, violence, substance abuse, family dissonance, family or personal illnesses). Situations such as these may inhibit the normal intellectual, social, and emotional development of children and youth, thus interfering with them reaching their full potential as adults. Conversely, many children encounter such adversities and fair well in spite of the challenges and may be considered to be resilient. This paper offers a review of the literature dating back to the 1970s to the present. In addition, several monumental longitudinal studies dating back to the 1950s are included. The paper reviews the (a) definition of resilience, (b) origins and recent advances in researching resilience, (c) protective factors, (d) models of resilience, (e) issues when researching resilience, (f) measures of resilience, and (g) resilience-based interventions.
Effect of Micromechanical Stress Cocentrations on Strength of Porous Glass

The effect of micromechanical stress concentrations around elastic discontinuities in a glass was investigated. Specimens of glass containing porosity of controlled size and volume fraction were fabricated by vacuum hot-pressing and strength was tested under uniaxial and biaxial stress conditions. Results were interpreted as a function of the relative sizes of Griffith flaws and the volume of material over which stress concentrations act. For the glass investigated, assuming an adequate flaw density, the strength was dependent on pore size and volume fraction as well as on the loading conditions. It is suggested that differences in uniaxial and biaxial strength are due to differences in stress concentration geometry.
Diferrous cyanides as models for the Fe-only hydrogenases.

The first systematic study of diferrous dicyano dithiolates is described. Oxidation of [Fe2(S2C2H4)(CN)2(CO)4]2- in the presence of cyanide and tertiary phosphines and of Fe2(S2C2H4)(CO)4(PMe3)2 in the presence of cyanide affords a series of diferrous cyanide derivatives that bear a stoichiometric, structural, and electronic relationship to the Hoxair state of the Fe-only hydrogenases. With PPh3 as the trapping ligand, we obtained an unsymmetrical isomer of Fe2(S2C2H4)(μ-CO)(CN)2(PPh3)2(CO)2, as confirmed crystallographically. This diferrous cyanide features the semibridging CO-ligand, with Fe-μC bond lengths of 2.15 and 1.85 A. Four isomers of Fe2(S2C2H4)(μ-CO)(CN)2(PMe3)2(CO)2 were observed, the initial product again being unsymmetrical but more stable isomers being symmetrical. DFT calculations confirm that the most stable isomers of Fe2(S2C2H4)(μ-CO)(CN)2(PMe3)2(CO)2 have cyanide trans to μ-CO. Oxidative decarbonylation also afforded the new tetracyanide [Fe2(S2C2H4)(μ-CO)(CN)4(CO)2]2-. Insights into ...
The logistic equation and population decline

Abstract This short paper discusses the unsuitability of the logistic equation (as it is usually derived) as a model of population decline, suggests a simple, more general alternative, and considers the difference between Lotka's original development and the more usual derivation based on the concept of carrying capacity.