cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interim Data Acquisition System for the Environmental Test Laboratory

An interim data acquisition (IDAC) system was developed and installed in the Environmental Test Laboratory of the Applied Physics Laboratory. This system can scan 200 analog voltages and 400 thermocouples under control of a programmable calculator. The calculator converts the data to engineering units, checks calibration channels for out-of-tolerance and thermocouples for open circuit. Source and channel identification is formatted with the data and printed at the rate of approximately 1 channel/s. Also included in this printout are power-supply wattages calculated from measured voltages and currents, and temperature averages for preselected groups of thermocouples. Out-of-tolerance calibration channels and open thermocouples are flagged when they are printed out. A digital clock provides timed intervals for automatically initiating the data acquisition cycle. Time and test identification data are pointed at the start of each printout to identify test and run numbers.
Economics as if science mattered: the BioOne business model and the transformation of scholarly publishing

The BioOne database of scholarly journals in the biological and ecological sciences was established in the belief that broad and enduring access to scholarly literature is essential not just to the health of the scientific enterprise but also to the health of the wider society in which science is practiced. The prevailing model of profit-based journal publishing – in which high prices are impeding access – is harming the interests of the very scientists who provide its life-blood. The BioOne business model seeks to meet the interlocking goals of providing broad and enduring access, supporting the publishing enterprise of scholarly societies, and assuring that BioOne will keep pace with changes in technology and scientific communication.
Coulometric Actinometry Using Trichloroacetic Acid

Abstract Coulometric determination of chloride which is photolytically generated from trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is used for actinometry. Silver (I) is coulometrically generated from a silver anode and the change in chloride ion concentration is monitored potentiometrically. Photolysis - coulometry coupling yields a linear relationship between time of photolysis of solutions of TCA and the microequivalents of electrons required for titration back to the initial solution potential. If the recommended procedure is followed, errors about ten times those found for titration of standard chloride solutions are obtained.
UNIQUENESS OF THE SOLUTION TO INVERSE OBSTACLE SCATTERING PROBLEM

It is proved that the scattering amplitude known at a fixed frequency, a fixed direction of the incident plane wave and all directions of the scattered wave in a solid angle, however small, determine uniquely the shape of a strictly convex obstacle with a smooth but not analytic boundary on which the Dirichlet boundary condition is assumed.
Interactive volume manipulation with selective rendering for improved visualization

In this paper, we describe a methodology that will allow a viewer to select "geometrical" components of a volume and both manipulate these components and/or "highlight" them. A considerable number of volumetric datasets are now available and can be obtained from imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cryogenic slicing, CT, or laser scans. In order to be able to better visualize these models, it is often required to repose them, e.g., remove occlusion, or to highlight various components. However, it may be still desirable to keep the rest of the volume present (and not to just cut it away) to maintain a focus+context view of the data. The methodology we propose allows the user to select regions of the data based upon the shape of the volumetric model. Once selected, the regions can be moved or highlighted via an alternate rendering. Some examples of alternate renderings include selective compression (higher resolution data is used to render the selected region), selective juxtaposition (replacing that selected component with data from another dataset), or selective transfer function determination. Both the selection and the rendering are done interactively to maximize their effectiveness. We show examples of the approach using a variety of volumetric datasets.
Heart Valve Development: Regulatory networks in development and disease

In recent years, significant advances have been made in the definition of regulatory pathways that control normal and abnormal cardiac valve development. Here, we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the early development of valve progenitors and establishment of normal valve structure and function. Regulatory hierarchies consisting of a variety of signaling pathways, transcription factors, and downstream structural genes are conserved during vertebrate valvulogenesis. Complex intersecting regulatory pathways are required for endocardial cushion formation, valve progenitor cell proliferation, valve cell lineage development, and establishment of extracellular matrix compartments in the stratified valve leaflets. There is increasing evidence that the regulatory mechanisms governing normal valve development also contribute to human valve pathology. In addition, congenital valve malformations are predominant among diseased valves replaced late in life. The understanding of valve developmental mechanisms has important implications in the diagnosis and management of congenital and adult valve disease.
Rehospitalization With Respiratory Syncytial Virus After Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Discharge: A 3-Year Follow-up

Objectives. This study sought to determine 1) the incidence of rehospitalization with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection within a 3-year follow-up among infants discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and 2) to examine associations between age at readmission and medical and sociodemographic characteristics among infants rehospitalized with RSV. Methods. A 3-year retrospective review of NICU discharges at a tertiary care center identified 2506 infants. Using medical record numbers linked with International Classification of Diseases, 9th ed, diagnostic codes for RSV infection, bronchiolitis, or respiratory distress, 67 NICU graduates were identified as having been readmitted from November to April (RSV season). Bivariate analyses and logistic regression modeling were applied to determine the association between a series of predictor variables and age at readmission with RSV by 90 days, 125 days, and 180 days after discharge from the NICU. Results. The 3-year incidence of readmission with RSV infection after NICU discharge was 2.7%. During the 3-year follow-up, 6.4% of very low birth weight infants, 2.8% of low birth weight infants, and 1.7% of normal weight infants were readmitted with RSV. Crude results revealed that the presence of bacteremia, intraventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis, as well as ventilation use, were associated with younger age at readmission with RSV. Simultaneous consideration of the effects of all of these medical predictors and birth weight on age at readmission revealed that normal birth weight was the only significant factor associated with younger age at readmission with RSV. Conclusions. This study found significantly lower rates of RSV readmission among NICU graduates than those reported previously in the literature. Based on these data, prophylactic treatment of all preterm infants may not be warranted.
Cyber war will not take place, by Thomas Rid

Much has been made in popular media about the threat posed by cybercrimes, and the potential for acts of cyber war. Though an increasingly robust body of academic scholarship has developed around v...
Naturalizing Neoliberalism and the De-Mexicanization of the Tequila Industry:

Although scholars agree that nationalism remains an important aspect of the new vocabulary of neoliberalism, little is known about how these discourses operate on the ground and in particular conte...
Reciprocal Inhibitory Connections and Network Synchrony in the Mammalian Thalamus

Neuronal rhythmic activities within thalamocortical circuits range from partially synchronous oscillations during normal sleep to hypersynchrony associated with absence epilepsy. It has been proposed that recurrent inhibition within the thalamic reticular nucleus serves to reduce synchrony and thus prevents seizures. Inhibition and synchrony in slices from mice devoid of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor beta3 subunit were examined, because in rodent thalamus, beta3 is largely restricted to reticular nucleus. In beta3 knockout mice, GABAA-mediated inhibition was nearly abolished in reticular nucleus, but was unaffected in relay cells. In addition, oscillatory synchrony was dramatically intensified. Thus, recurrent inhibitory connections within reticular nucleus act as "desynchronizers."
Virus-specific and bystander CD8+ T-cell proliferation in the acute and persistent phases of a gammaherpesvirus infection

The cycling characteristics of CD8+ T cells specific for two lytic-phase epitopes of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (gammaHV68) have been analyzed for mice with high or low levels of virus persistence. The extent of cell division is generally reflective of the antigen load and suggests that gammaHV68 may be regularly reactivating from latency for some months after the resolution of the acute phase of the infectious process. Although gammaHV68 infection is also associated with massive proliferation of lymphocytes that are not obviously specific for the virus, the level of "bystander-induced" cycling in a population of influenza virus-specific CD8+ T cells was generally fourfold lower than the extent of cell division seen for the antigen-driven, gammaHV68-specific response. The overall conclusion is that turnover rates substantially in excess of 5 to 10% over 6 days for CD8+ "memory" T-cell populations are likely to be reflective of continued antigenic exposure.
Blubber testosterone: A potential marker of male reproductive status in short-beaked common dolphins

A novel molecular technique was used to measure blubber testosterone (BT) in 114 male short-beaked common dolphins, Delphinus delphis, collected from incidental fishery bycatch and strandings. When these concentrations were compared across maturity states, the mean (± SEM) BT levels of mature D. delphis (14.3 ± 3.0 ng/g) were significantly higher than those of pubertal (2.5 ± 0.5 ng/g, P = 0.006) and immature animals (2.2 ± 0.3 ng/g, P < 0.0001). BT concentrations in mature males were significantly higher in summer months (53.9 ± 2.0 ng/g) than during the rest of the year (7.9 ± 0.69 ng/g, P < 0.0001), indicating reproductive seasonality. An analysis of BT in different anatomical locations showed that hormone concentrations were not homogenous throughout the body; the levels in the dorsal fin were significantly lower than in most other areas (F = 5.39, P = 0.043). Conversely, we found no significant differences in BT concentration with respect to subepidermal depth (F = 2.09, P = 0.146). Finally, testosterone levels in biopsies from 138 free-swimming male D. delphis, of unknown maturity state, sampled off California were found to be of concentrations similar to those from the fishery bycatch and stranding samples and revealed an analogous trend with respect to ordinal date. Little is known about androgen levels in cetaceans, and yet they are important components of male endocrinology that can provide pertinent data on reproduction, development, and seasonal reproductive trends. The increase of androgens during postnatal development is a key factor defining puberty in male mammals (Preslock 1980). Consequently, concentrations of androgens, particularly testosterone, are
Theoretical calculations on carbocations involved in the biosynthesis of bergamotenes and related terpenes—the same and not the same

Subtle differences between carbocation rearrangements leading to the pinene/camphene, ylangene/sativene and bergamotene/santalene terpenes are revealed.
Co-development of test electronics and PCI Express interface for a multi-Gbps optical switching network

This paper presents the design and performance characteristics of a system designed to interface between a PCI Express port and an optical packet switched network as well as provide inline test capability for the whole system. A single lane of PCI Express traffic is inverse multiplexed across eight parallel channels and retransmitted in a burst packet at aggregate data rates of 20 to 36 Gbps. Testing options include loopback self-test, data synthesis and substitution in-line with or in place of system data, and variable channel-to-channel skew. The I/O interfaces also support a range of variable analog parameters such as peak output amplitude, output amplitude swing, and common mode ranges for the input and output to evaluate the performance of or adapt to changes in the opto-electronic components. This design flexibility also allows for use of the system in more conventional electronic applications with little or no required modifications.
Duplex sonography of the carotid arteries

Duplex sonography is the best noninvasive modality for investigation of possible carotid artery stenosis. By using the above described techniques, almost all significant stenoses can be detected and categorized correctly. Knowledge of common pitfalls in the performance and interpretation of the examination is essential to avoid misdiagnosis. Color imaging is a helpful addition to conventional duplex imaging, but is not essential to the performance of high-quality examinations.
B Cell Antigen Receptor-Induced Rac1 Activation and Rac1-Dependent Spreading Are Impaired in Transitional Immature B Cells Due to Levels of Membrane Cholesterol

The BCR-triggered responses of mature and transitional immature B cells differ at both the biochemical and functional level. In this study, we show that in mature B cells, BCR signaling triggers Vav phosphorylation and Rac1 activation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that although downstream actin-dependent BCR capping is independent of Rac1 activation, actin-dependent membrane ruffling and cell spreading are Rac1-dependent processes. In contrast, BCR-induced Vav phosphorylation and Rac1 activation is impaired in transitional immature B cells, resulting in defects in actin polymerization-dependent spreading and membrane ruffling while Rac1-independent BCR capping remains intact. Because transitional immature murine B cells maintain lower steady-state levels of plasma membrane cholesterol, we augmented their levels to that of mature B cells and found that BCR-induced Rac1 activation and Rac1-dependent membrane ruffling and cell spreading were restored. These studies provide a direct link between B cell cholesterol levels and downstream cellular signaling processes.
Time course of myosin heavy chain transitions in neonatal rats: importance of innervation and thyroid state

During the postnatal period, rat limb muscles adapt to weight bearing via the replacement of embryonic (Emb) and neonatal (Neo) myosin heavy chains (MHCs) by the adult isoforms. Our aim was to characterize this transition in terms of the six MHC isoforms expressed in skeletal muscle and to determine the importance of innervation and thyroid hormone status on the attainment of the adult MHC phenotype. Neonatal rats were made hypothyroid via propylthiouracil (PTU) injection. In normal and PTU subgroups, leg muscles were unilaterally denervated at 15 days of age. The MHC profiles of plantaris (PLN) and soleus (Sol) muscles were determined at 7, 14, 23, and 30 days postpartum. At day 7, the Sol MHC profile was 55% type I, 30% Emb, and 10% Neo; in the PLN, the pattern was 60% Neo and 25% Emb. By day 30 the Sol and PLN had essentially attained an adult MHC profile in the controls. PTU augmented slow MHC expression in the Sol, whereas in the PLN it markedly repressed IIb MHC by retaining neonatal MHC expression. Denervation blunted the upregulation of IIb in the PLN and of Type I in the Sol and shifted the pattern to greater expression of IIa and IIx MHCs in both muscles. In contrast to previous observations, these findings collectively suggest that both an intact thyroid and innervation state are obligatory for the attainment of the adult MHC phenotype, particularly in fast-twitch muscles.
Adults' conceptions of intelligence across the adult life span.

To examine whether young, middle-aged, and older adults view the concept of intelligent person as similar or different during adulthood, 140 adults of various ages rated how likely it would be for individuals of average and exceptional intelligence at 30, 50, and 70 years of age to be engaged in behaviors previously identified by adults as characterizing adult intelligence. Adults perceived more similarity between exceptionally intelligent prototypes of closer ages (i.e., 30 and 50 and 50 and 70). Intelligence was perceived to consist of interest and ability to deal with novelty, everyday competence, and verbal competence--dimensions that were perceived to be differentially important for different-aged prototypes and by individuals of different ages. Participants' conceptions also included the idea that intelligence is malleable and that abilities differentially increase or decrease across the life span.
Adapting a multimedia distance learning environment for vision impairments

Distance learning applications provide valuable opportunities to users with disabilities. To enhance the accessibility of the distance-learning portal to vision impaired users, we utilize analytical studies on human vision to develop a visibility based adaptation algorithm. Using this adaptation the quality levels and layout of the portal is adapted to enhance the visibility, to users with various vision impairments.
Joint congestion control and random access MAC in multi-hop wireless networks via a simplified model

In multi-hop wireless networks, maximizing network utility by joint congestion control and scheduling has drawn much research interest, and significant progress has been made that has yielded much insight. However, in attempting to maximize network utilization, most scheduling mechanisms proposed in earlier works are too complicated to be implemented in wireless devices. One traditional approach to address complexity is to approximate the optimal but complex solution by a feasible solution that can provide a certain performance guarantee. In this paper, we suggest an alternative approach that simplifies the optimization problem itself in such a way that the solution of the new problem is guaranteed to be a fraction of the optimal solution of the original problem. The fraction depends on the “interference degree” of the network. Based on the simplified model, we propose a scheme which combines congestion control and random access MAC. We subsequently analyze its theoretical performance, and prove that the algorithm guarantees stability, and asymptotically converges to the near-optimal operational point. Future work is needed to investigate the mechanism by which such a scheme can be implemented.
Finite Samples and Uncertainty Estimates for Skill Measures for Seasonal Prediction

Abstract The expected value for various measures of skill for seasonal climate predictions is determined by the signal-to-noise ratio. The expected value, however, is only realized for long verification time series. In practice, the verifications for specific seasons—for example, forecasts for the December–February seasonal mean—seldom exceed a sample size of 30. The estimates of skill measure based on small verification time series, because of sampling errors, can have large departures from their expected value. An analysis of spread in the estimates of skill measures with the length of verification time series and for different signal-to-noise ratios is made. The analysis is based on the Monte Carlo approach and skill measures for deterministic, categorical, and probabilistic forecasts are considered. It is shown that the behavior of spread for various skill measures can be very different and it is not always the largest for the small values of signal-to-noise ratios.
Evaluating the human X-chromosome pigment gene promoter sequences as predictors of L:M cone ratio variation

Men with normal color vision vary widely in the ratio of long- (L) to middle-wavelength sensitive (M) cones. This variation provides opportunities to test models for the mechanism that produces L versus M cones during development. The L and M photopigment genes lie in a tandem array. Each gene has a promoter, and upstream of each array there is a genetic element, termed the locus control region (LCR), that is required for the expression of both L and M pigment genes. During development, for each cell that has been determined to be an L or M cone, it has been proposed that the LCR acts as a stochastic selector which chooses one gene from the array to be expressed. In this model, the L and M promoters compete for contact with the LCR in each photoreceptor. Theoretically, the promoter that, by chance, is the first to successfully form a stable and permanent complex with the LCR commits the cell to a lifetime of exclusive expression of its associated gene. Under this model, it has been suggested that nucleotide differences in the promoters influence their ability to compete in forming a complex with the LCR. Thus, normal variation in L:M cone ratio is predicted to be associated with nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoters. Here we tested this hypothesis by comparing the L and M promoter sequences for 73 males with normal color vision for whom L:M cone ratio estimates had been obtained previously. The M gene promoter sequences were found to be identical for all 73 males and the L gene promoters were identical for 71 out of the 73 males. Two males had mutations where in each case the L promoter differed by one nucleotide substitution compared to normal. Both of the males with promoter mutations had unusual cone ratios which is consistent with the growing body of evidence indicating that the relative ability of the promoters to form a complex with the LCR is a factor in determining cone ratio. However, the vast majority of cone ratio differences were not associated with any difference in the promoter sequence. To explain the high degree of cone ratio variation among normal males, the mechanism that determines whether a cone is L or M must involve genetic elements that have a high degree of genetic polymorphism in the normal population. The results presented here indicate that there are additional genetic components of the mechanism which remain to be identified and incorporated into the present hypotheses.
A symbolic logic strategy for mapping biological concepts in the HERBE prototype

More powerful database approaches are needed to support biologists in the efficient use of complex, large scale, and rapidly changing systems biology data. We are engaged in research to advance database strategies for capturing, managing, computing, and searching biological concepts in ways that are presently not possible. The Heuristic Entity Relationship Building Environment (HERBE) project is developing mechanisms to automate the translation of concepts into a computable form. HERBE features an open visual environment to collect diverse, complex data and, construct models graphically allowing users to apply their own symbolic logic. As data are entered, HERBE captures the data, then integrates and heuristically interprets underlying concepts into a computable form using a multitiered data management infrastructure.
An Accurate Junction Circulator Design Procedure (Correspondence)

A two-step design procedure for the accurate synthesis of a junction circulator is given. The procedure is accurate to within a few decibels for isolation in the 20- to 40-dB range.
Moving From Contemplation to Preparation: Is Counseling Psychology Ready to Embrace Culturally Responsive Prevention?

The confluence of prevention, multicultural competence and cultural responsiveness, and social justice is embryonic but holds much promise. The author uses the stages of change model to heighten awareness of how counseling psychologists are situated to provide well-developed system-level interventions and to examine the organizational and individual barriers to doing such work. The author then highlights the benefits for counseling psychology of engaging in preventive interventions. Strategies are provided to enhance the integration of prevention in training programs' curriculum in both the applied and research elements of the program. By providing learning opportunities that expose trainees to community interventions with disenfranchised populations, counseling psychology's commitment to social justice and multiculturalism will be more fully realized.
Temporal Dynamics of Plum Curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Immigration into an Apple Orchard in Massachusetts

We studied, over a 6-yr period, temporal dynamics of plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst.), immigration into an unsprayed section of a commercial apple orchard with the main aim of establishing the relationships between the timing of immigration, weather factors, and phenological tree stage. By using panel and pyramid traps baited with attractive synthetic odor and deployed near woods adjacent to orchard trees, we exploited the chemical cues potentially directing the spring immigration by plum curculios. On each of the 6 yr, traps were inspected on a daily basis over the entire period of plum curculio immigration, which ranged from 51 to 85 d. Across all 6 yr, most immigrant plum curculios (on average 57% of the total) potentially colonizing host trees were captured by traps by the time of petal fall. Based on our combined trapping and weather data, we propose the occurrence of pre- and postpetal fall periods of plum curculio immigration, each of which is influenced to a different extent by temperatures prevailing in spring. Only during the prepetal fall period, but not afterward, was there a strong influence of air temperature on captures by both panel and pyramid traps. Thermal constants (expressed in degree days) estimated reflected more accurately onset of plum curculio immigration than tree phenology. Our combined results indicate that the odor-baited traps evaluated can be used to predict initiation of plum curculio immigration using thermal constants and also to monitor accurately the magnitude of plum curculio immigration into orchard blocks. Findings are discussed with respect to the ecology and management of plum curculio.
Freshwater biota and rising pCO2

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has caused a suite of environmental issues, however, little is known about how the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in freshwater will be affected by climate change. Freshwater pCO2 varies across systems and is controlled by a diverse array of factors, making it difficult to make predictions about future levels of pCO2. Recent evidence suggests that increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 may directly increase freshwater pCO2 levels in lakes, but rising atmospheric CO2 may also indirectly impact freshwater pCO2 levels in a variety of systems by affecting other contributing factors such as soil respiration, terrestrial productivity and climate regimes. Although future freshwater pCO2 levels remain uncertain, studies have considered the potential impacts of changes to pCO2 levels on freshwater biota. Studies to date have focused on impacts of elevated pCO2 on plankton and macrophytes, and have shown that phytoplankton nutritional quality is reduced, plankton community structure is altered, photosynthesis rates increase and macrophyte distribution shifts with increasing pCO2. However, a number of key knowledge gaps remain and gaining a better understanding of how freshwater pCO2 levels are regulated and how these levels may impact biota, will be important for predicting future responses to climate change.
The importance of emotions: the socialisation of emotion in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder

ABSTRACTParents play a critical role in the development of children's emotional competence; however, little research examines parents’ emotion socialisation practices among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we compared the emotion socialisation practices of parents of children with ASD and to those of parents of children that are typically developing. The Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale was used to assess parents’ reactions to children's emotions in both the typically developing sample (n = 138) and the sample of children with ASD (n = 22). An analysis of covariance revealed significant differences in responses to anger and fear. Group was entered as the independent variable and the dependent variable was parents’ responses to children's expressions of negative emotion. Covariates included child gender and child age. These results demonstrate a need for research examining the relationship between, and moderators of, parents’ emotional reactions and the development...
Feasibility Study for a Vehicle-Trailer Backing Up Control

A rear-wheel steer-by-wire mechanism has been applied to assist driver on backing up a vehicle with trailer. To address the issues related to the mechanical limitation on the rear-wheel steering angle, a comprehensive feasibility study has been conducted using analysis and simulation. Four modes of steering (front-wheel only steering, rear-wheel only steering, rear-wheel angle which is slave to front-wheel angle, and four wheel steering for backing control) are compared in terms of various parameters, such as achievable path curvature and hitch angle. Four wheel steering achieves the largest curvature range. Sensitivity to the variation in trailer tongue length also has been investigated. It is concluded that a proper driver interaction mechanism is needed to further assist the driver, since the ±12 degree limitation on rear-wheel only steering may not provide full counter-steer capability.
Effects of the combination of skin cooling and hyperpnea of frigid air in asthmatic and normal subjects

McDonald, James S., Joann Nelson, K. A. Lenner, Melissa L. McLane, and E. R. McFadden, Jr. Effects of the combination of skin cooling and hyperpnea of frigid air in asthmatic and normal subjects.J....
Scale Time Offset Robust Modulation (STORM) in a Code Division Multiaccess Environment

Scale Time Offset Robust Modulation (STORM) [1]– [3] is a high bandwidth waveform design that adds time-scale to embedded reference modulations using only time-delay [4]. In an environment where each user has a specific delay and scale, identification of the user with the highest signal power and that user’s phase is facilitated by the STORM processor. Both of these parameters are required in an efficient multiuser detection algorithm. In this paper, the STORM modulation approach is evaluated with a direct sequence spread quadrature phase shift keying (DS-QPSK) system. A misconception of the STORM time scale modulation is that a fine temporal resolution is required at the receiver. STORM will be applied to a QPSK code division multiaccess (CDMA) system by modifying the spreading codes. Specifically, the in-phase code will use a typical spreading code, and the quadrature code will use a time-delayed and time-scaled version of the in-phase code. Subsequently, the same temporal resolution in the receiver is required before and after the application of STORM. In this paper, the bit error performance of STORM in a synchronous CDMA system is evaluated and compared to theory, and the bit error performance of STORM incorporated in a single user WCDMA downlink is presented to demonstrate the applicability of STORM in a modern communication system. Keywords—Pseudonoise coded communication, Cyclic codes, Code division multiaccess
Personal and Familial Problems of High School Youths and Their Bearing Upon Family Education Needs

Baber, Ray E. Marriage and the Family. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1939. Pp. 656. Becker, Howard and Reuben Hill and others. Marriage annd the Family. Boston: D. C. Heath & Co., 1942. Pp. 663. Bernard, Jessie. American Family Behavior. New York: Harper & Bro., 1942. Pp. 564. Burgess, E. W. and Harvey Locke. The Family. New York: American Book Co., 1945. Pp. 800. Cavan, Ruth Shonle. The Family. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1942. Pp. 593. Elmer, M. C. The Sociology of the Family. New York: Ginn & Co., 1942. Pp. 520. Folsom, Joseph Kirk. The Family. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1934. Pp. 604. Goodsell, Willystine. Problems of the Family. New York: D, Appleton-Century Co., 1936. Pp. 530. Groves, Ernest R. The Family and Its Social Functions. Chicago: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1940. Pp. 631. Hart, Hornell & Ella B. Personality and the Family. Boston: D. C. Heath & Co., 1935. Pp. 526. Ludlow, William L. Syllabus for the Study of Marriage and the Family. Radcliff Press, 1942. Pp. 214. Lumpkin, K. D. The Family: A Study of Member Roles. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1933. Pp. 184. Mowrer, Ernest R. The Family. University of Chicago Press, 1932. Pp. 364. Nimkoff, M. F. and William F. Ogburn. The Family. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin Co., 1934. Pp. 526. Reuter, Edward Byron, and Jessie R. Runner. The Family. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1931. Pp. 615. Sait, Una Bernard. New Horizons for the Family. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1938. Pp. 772. Stern, Bernhard J. The Family Past and Present. New York: D. Appleton-Century Co., Inc., 1938. Pp. 461. Truxal, Andrew G. and Francis E. Merrill. The Family in American Culture. New York: Prentice Hall, 1947. Pp. 780. Waller, Willard. The Family. New York: The Cordon Co., 1938. Pp. 621. Zimmerman, Carle C. and Merle E. Frampton. Family and Society. New York: D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., 1935. Pp. 611. 1 Erich Rosenthal, Social Adjustment in Old Age. (New York: Social Science Research Council, 1948).
Syntax, Meaning and Context: A Reply to Keenan

In a recent paper,1 Michael Keenan makes two major objections to some remarks of mine2 about Austin's distinctions among phonetic, phatic and rhetic acts.3 Keenan claims that I am wrong (1) to identify the phatic act as an utterance of a meaningful English sentence, and (2) to claim that the set of phatic acts is a subset of the set of phonetic acts. In this note I shall discuss briefly each of these issues in turn.
Second Anopthalmic Cerylid Discovered in North America (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea: Cerylidae)

A single female specimen of an eyeless, flightless cerylid beetle, Anommatus vallombrosae Dieck, was found in a Berlese funnel extract of shoreline debris from Put-in-Bay, Ohio (South Bass Island, Lake Erie). This is the second anopthalmic species of the genus recorded in North America, and the only known distribution for vallombrosae outside of Italy. Diagnostic features and illustrations of the species are given, with a brief discussion of Anommatus introductions.
Application of Molecular Biology Methods in Food Microbiological Detection

Recently, food safety has got more and more attention. Rapid and accurate detection of pathogenic microorganism in food is an important part of food safety detection. Nowadays, molecular biology methods are outstanding because they have the advantages on specificity and sensitivity. In this article we introduced the principle, development and application in food microbiological detection of three common molecular biology methods, gene probe, PCR and gene chip.
Self-training Dispatcher Training Simulator System Design Scheme

This paper analyses current situation of DTS application,indicates the weak point of DTS in self-training,and provided the solution of DTS for self-training.It gives out the construction of the software system on basis of demand analysis.This solution implements the training's closed-loop through the trainee simulator module.And it adopts the user-oriented rules to strengthen the training evaluation.The solution is flexible and practical,which can not only guide the self-training DTS but also is useful for improving the evaluation function of classic DTS.
Managing the lipid profile of coronary heart disease patients

Introduction: Lipid profile management is even more critical in patients treated for secondary prevention, since patients with established coronary heart disease are at higher risk of developing ev...
Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Management of Chronic Watery Diarrhea

Chronic watery diarrhea poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge and is often a disabling condition for patients. Although acute diarrhea is likely to be caused by infection, the causes of chronic diarrhea (>4 weeks in duration) are more elusive. We review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic diarrhea. Drawing on recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of intestinal epithelial transport and barrier function, we discuss how diarrhea can result from a decrease in luminal solute absorption, an increase in secretion, or both, as well as derangements in barrier properties. We also describe the various extraepithelial factors that activate diarrheal mechanisms. Finally, clinical evaluation and tests used in the assessment of patients presenting with chronic diarrhea are reviewed, and an algorithm guiding therapeutic decisions and pharmacotherapy is presented.
A pulse width modulation readout method for densely packed solid state photodetectors

The field of PET is moving toward systems comprising thousands of crystal elements coupled to thousands of semiconductor photodetector channels. Because of the large number of channels, developing methods for compact signal readout, while avoiding the need for new integrated circuit development is important. In this work a compact readout system for arrays of 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm × 1.0 mm LYSO crystal elements is presented. An 18×18 element crystal array was coupled to a 2×2 array of 5 mm × 5 mm position sensitive solid-state photomultipliers (PS-SSPM). Each PS-SSPM has 4 position channels. The 16 position channels of the array were multiplexed into a total of 6 readout channels. A novel version of pulse width modulation capable of high multiplexing ratios is used to readout the electronics instead of traditional analog-to-digital conversion. Each detector pulse was transformed into a digital pulse that was then readout by an FPGA-based TDC. The system successfully identified the 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm crystals at room temperature with a ratio of distance between crystal peaks to standard deviation of the peaks of greater than 3.2. The success of this simple compact readout strategy points to a practical readout strategy for PET systems comprising thousands of semiconductor photodetectors.
Configuring and controlling a software defined network with a Pica8 switch

Current network protocols are exceedingly strict, making the administrative duties of network providers difficult. The switches that control a network rely on stringent definitions, usually defined by the company who designed the switch, with which they can forward packets. Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a concept which allows control over the operations of a switch via remote software applications. But just how much control can we exhibit while writing these applications? And how well does a particular switch respond to this control? Using a Pica8 3297 OpenFlow switch in conjunction with five PowerEdge R210 severs and a Cisco switch, we analyze the response time and the control that the switch maintains while controlled by the Ryu SDN framework.
Chronic kidney disease and acquired mitochondrial myopathy.

Purpose of reviewSarcopenia and muscle weakness contribute to fragility and limit exercise tolerance among patients with CKD. This review focuses on the role of reduction in mitochondrial mass and function in the myopathy associated with CKD, causes for these muscle mitochondrial abnormalities, and
Infectious Complications and HSCT

The incidence of life-threatening and/or opportunistic infections in the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) setting varies widely. Despite improved microbial detection methods and supportive care, infection remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in HSCT recipients. Furthermore, infection can confound the management of other HSCT-related complications such as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Thus, prevention and management of infection remain significant focuses of supportive care of the HSCT patient. This chapter discusses the relevant factors that influence infection risk as well as the most common or significant pathogens associated with HCST. Preventative measures and management of these HSCT-associated infectious complications are discussed herein.
An evaluation of kernel smoothing to protect the confidentiality of individual locations

ABSTRACTWith advances in spatial data management technologies, accurate geographic information about individual patients increasingly has become available. Researchers should protect the privacy of...
How the Theorem Prover Works

This chapter discusses the working of theorem prover. When theorems are proved by the system, the user is responsible for declaring what classes of rules are to be generated from the theorem. The four classes of rules are REWRITE, NETA, ELIM, and GENERALIZE. The theorem prover is built out of six processes: simplification, destructor elimination, cross-fertilization (heuristic equality use), generalization, elimination of irrelevance, and induction. Each takes a formula as input and returns a set of formulas as output. When one process does not change the input formula, the next process in the list above is tried. The simplifier and rewriter are vastly more complicated than indicated. Before starting the scan through the literals, the simplifier determines whether the clause is a propositional tautology or is a consequence of linear arithmetic. During rewriting, the equality hypotheses among the assumptions are used in a way that will decide whether the formula is a consequence of equality reasoning alone.
Advanced Placement: The Dual Challenge of Equal Access and Effectiveness:

The Advanced Placement (AP) program offers an opportunity for students to earn college credit and develop college-ready skills in high school. The curriculum was initially designed for “superior” s...
Evaluating Shared Decision Making for Lung Cancer Screening

Importance The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends that shared decision making (SDM) involving a thorough discussion of benefits and harms should occur between clinicians and patients before initiating lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose computed tomography. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services require an SDM visit using a decision aid as a prerequisite for LCS coverage. However, little is known about how SDM about LCS occurs in practice. Objective To assess the quality of SDM about the initiation of LCS in clinical practice. Design, Setting, and Participants A qualitative content analysis was performed of transcribed conversations between primary care or pulmonary care physicians and 14 patients presumed to be eligible for LCS, recorded between April 1, 2014, and March 1, 2018, that were identified within a large database. Main Outcomes and Measures Independent observer ratings of communication behaviors of physicians using the OPTION (Observing Patient Involvement in Decision Making) scale, a validated 12-item measure of SDM (total score, 0-100 points, where 0 indicates no evidence of SDM and 100 indicates evidence of SDM at the highest skill level); time spent discussing LCS during visits; and evidence of decision aid use. Results A total of 14 conversations about initiating LCS were identified; 9 patients were women, and 5 patients were men; the mean (SD) patient age was 63.9 (5.1) years; 7 patients had Medicare, and 8 patients were current smokers. Half the conversations were conducted by primary care physicians. The mean total OPTION score for the 14 LCS conversations was 6 on a scale of 0 to 100 (range, 0-17). None of the conversations met the minimum skill criteria for 8 of the 12 SDM behaviors. Physicians universally recommended LCS. Discussion of harms (such as false positives and their sequelae or overdiagnosis) was virtually absent. The mean total visit length of a discussion was 13:07 minutes (range, 3:48-27:09 minutes). The mean time spent discussing LCS was 0:59 minute (range, 0:16-2:19 minutes), or 8% of the total visit time (range, 1%-18%). There was no evidence that decision aids or other patient education materials for LCS were used. Conclusions and Relevance In this small sample of recorded encounters about initiating LCS, the observed quality of SDM was poor and explanation of potential harms of screening was virtually nonexistent. Time spent discussing LCS was minimal, and there was no evidence that decision aids were used. Although these findings are preliminary, they raise concerns that SDM for LCS in practice may be far from what is intended by guidelines.
Prospective assessment of psychosocial outcomes of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy.

6569Background: Increasing numbers of women are choosing contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) despite the lack of knowledge about its effect on long-term psychosocial adjustment. The objecti...
Compatibilization of Isotactic Polypropylene (iPP) and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) with iPP-PE Multiblock Copolymers

A series of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and polyethylene (PE) diblock, tetrablock, and hexablock copolymers (BCPs) were synthesized with tunable molecular weights using a hafnium pyridylamine catalyst. The BCPs were melt blended with 70 wt % high-density PE (HDPE) and 30 wt % iPP commercial homopolymers at concentrations between 0.2 and 5 wt %. The resulting blend morphologies were investigated using TEM, revealing uniformly dispersed iPP droplets ranging progressively in size with increasing BCP content from three-quarters to one-quarter of the diameter of the uncompatibilized mixture. Tensile tests revealed a dramatic enhancement in toughness based on the strain at break which increased from 10% for the unmodified blend to more than 300% with just 0.2 wt % BCP and over 500% with the addition of 0.5 wt % BCP or greater. Incorporation of BCPs in blends also improved the impact toughness, doubling the Izod impact strength to a level comparable to the neat HDPE with just 1 wt % additive. These improved bl...
Teaching economics across cultures: challenges and lessons learned in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan

ABSTRACTNine years of experience teaching economics in the Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan provides knowledge on the nuances and challenges of teaching economics across cultures. Particular categories an...
Childhood Interstitial (Diffuse) Lung Disease: Pattern Recognition Approach to Diagnosis in Infants.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to discuss imaging techniques and a pattern-based approach for diagnosing childhood interstitial (diffuse) lung diseases in infants. CONCLUSION. Childhood ...