cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic optimization under uncertainty of the synthesis/design and operation/control of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system

Abstract Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems with their own fuel conversion unit typically consist of a fuel processing subsystem, a fuel cell stack subsystem, a work recovery-air supply subsystem, and a power electronics subsystem. Since these subsystems have different physical characteristics, their integration into a single system level unit makes the optimization problem of synthesis/design and operation/control highly complex. Thus, dynamic system/subsystem/component modeling and highly effective optimization strategies are required. Furthermore, uncertainties in the results of system optimization can be affected by any number of sources of uncertainty such as the load profiles and cost models. These uncertainties can be taken into account by treating the problem probabilistically. The difficulty with doing this, particularly when large-scale dynamic optimization with a large number of degrees of freedom is being used, is that the traditional probabilistic approaches are simply too computationally intensive. This difficulty can be overcome by the use of approximate approaches such as the response sensitivity analysis (RSA) method based on Taylor series expansion. Thus, in this paper, a stochastic modeling and uncertainty analysis methodology for energy system synthesis/design and operation/control which uses the RSA method is proposed and employed for calculating the uncertainties on the system outputs. Their effects on the development and control optimization of a 5 kWe PEMFC system are assessed by taking the uncertainties into account in the objectives and constraints. It is shown that these uncertainties significantly affect the reliability of being able to meet certain constraints (e.g., that on the CO concentration) during the synthesis/design and operation/control optimization process.
Information Needs of Wives of Men Following Prostatectomy

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To identify and evaluate the information needs of wives of men diagnosed with prostate cancer who were treated first with radical prostatectomy and to measure the extent to which their needs were met. DESIGN Descriptive. SETTING Comprehensive cancer center designated by the National Cancer Institute. SAMPLE 66 wives of men with prostate cancer. METHODS On the second day after their husbands underwent prostatectomies, the wives of men with prostate cancer completed the Family Inventory of Needs-Wives and a demographic data form. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Information needs and the perceived degree to which they were met. FINDINGS All needs were identified as important but were met to varying degrees. Five items were not rated "unmet" by any respondents, whereas four items were considered unmet by at least 30% of respondents. Evidence suggests that the age of the wife influences the percentage of unmet needs, with older wives having more unmet needs. P values for the relationship between needs and the age of the wife, her educational level, and the time between diagnosis and treatment were less than 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Illness prompts a wife's need for information, which supports findings of earlier research. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Wives have a wide range of information needs. Assessing education needs and the degree to which they are met can guide nurses in restructuring education. Support and guidance regarding more difficult issues, such as fatigue and sexual activity, can decrease barriers to communication. Using a multimodality approach to education, constantly reassessing needs, and encouraging questions are imperative.
Pharmacoligic prophylaxis of posttraumatic epilepsy. A review.

SUMMARY Although there is experimental and clinical evidence that posttraumatic epilepsy may be prevented by prophylactic treatment with existing drugs, a large, well-controlled clinical study aimed at firmly establishing optimal preventative therapy in this disorder has not been done. The indications for prophylactic treatment as well as the specifics of which drugs and dosages are most effective remain vague. An appropriate clinical study supported by additional basic investigation should establish a rational basis for the prophylactic treatment of the posttraumatic process. RESUME Bien qu'il existe des preuves experimentales et cliniques que l'epilepsie posttraumatique puisse etre prevenue par un traitement prophylactique au moyen des drogues deja existantes, il n'a jamais ete entrepris une etude clinique, approfondie et bien controllee, pour etablir d'une maniere certaine une therapeutique preventive optimale. Les indications d'un traitement prophylactique, ainsi que les caracteres specifiques des drogues et des dosages employes, restent vagues. Une etude clinique appropriee, supportee par des investigations fondamentales, pourrait etablir une base rationelle pour le traitement prophylactique de ce processus posttraumatique.
The changing management of chylothorax in the modern era

Initial conservative therapy is applied to all cases of chylothorax (CTx) with expected excellent outcomes. The indication for aggressive surgical treatment of early CTx remains uncertain and requires rigorous scientific scrutiny. Lymphangiography and lymphoscintigraphy are useful to localize the leak and assess thoracic duct patency as well as to differentiate partial from complete thoracic duct transection. The aetiology of the CTx, flow rate and patient condition dictate the preferred management. Octreotide/somatostatin and etilefrine therapy is highly efficacious in the conservative management of CTx. For patients in whom conservative management fails, those who are good surgical candidates, and those in whom the site of the leak is well identified, surgical repair and/or ligation using minimally invasive techniques is highly successful with limited adverse outcomes. Similarly, if the site of the chylous effusion cannot be well visualized, a thoracic duct ligation via video-assisted thoracic surgery is the gold standard approach. A pleuroperitoneal or less often a pleurovenous shunt is a final option and may be curative in some patients.
Small Choroidal Melanoma with Chromosome 3 Monosomy on Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Purpose To evaluate the presence of chromosome 3 monosomy in small choroidal melanoma using fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Design Noncomparative case series. Participants Fifty-six patients with small choroidal melanoma measuring 3 mm or less in thickness who were undergoing plaque radiotherapy. Methods Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was used at the time of plaque radiotherapy to sample tumor cells using a 27-gauge long needle via an indirect transvitreal approach into the tumor apex for postequatorial tumors or a 30-gauge short needle via a direct transscleral approach into the tumor base for preequatorial tumors. Main Outcome Measures Chromosome 3 monosomy in small choroidal melanoma. Results The median tumor thickness was 2.6 mm. Monosomy 3 was found in 15 (27%) cases and disomy 3 was found in 32 (57%) cases. In 9 (16%) cases, genomic DNA yield was insufficient for genetic analysis. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy with a 27-gauge needle transvitreal approach provided quantity sufficient for genetic testing in 31 (97%) of 32 cases versus 16 (67%) of 24 cases sampled with a 30-gauge transscleral technique. Compared with disomy 3 tumors, monosomy 3 tumors were statistically more likely to occur in older patients ( P = 0.040). Monosomy 3 (versus disomy 3) tumors showed thickness of more than 2 mm in 100% (vs. 84%), subretinal fluid in 87% (vs. 94%), symptoms in 40% (vs. 56%), orange pigment in 93% (vs. 81%), and margin of 3 mm or less to the optic disc in 20% (vs. 50%). There was no statistical difference between monosomy 3 and disomy 3 tumors in the presence or number of these clinical factors. However, small choroidal melanomas with monosomy 3 mutation were more likely to have had documented growth (63%) compared with those with disomy 3 (25%; P = 0.025; odds ratio, 5.00). Conclusions Using FNAB at the time of plaque radiotherapy, monosomy 3 was found in approximately 27% of small choroidal melanomas, more often in older patients and tumors with documented growth. Transvitreal biopsy into the tumor apex provided better yield compared with transscleral biopsy into the tumor base.
Green synthesis of silver and palladium nanoparticles at room temperature using coffee and tea extract

An extremely simple green approach that generates bulk quantities of nanocrystals of noble metals such as silver (Ag) and palladium (Pd) using coffee and tea extract at room temperature is described. The single-pot method uses no surfactant, capping agent, and/or template. The obtained nanoparticles are in the size range of 20–60 nm and crystallized in face centered cubic symmetry. The method is general and may be extended to other noble metals such as gold (Au) and platinum (Pt).
A case for Indian insourcing: Open Source interest in IT job expansion

The controversy surrounding the "off–shoring" of IT jobs from the United States to other countries, in particular to India, has become a focal point in American political discourse and has been widely represented in the media. Disturbingly, little attention has been paid to this occurrence beyond its implications for American employment opportunities. Representing Indian and American IT workers as unified groups whose interests are mutually exclusive and opposed to one another is problematic given the material realities that propel "outsourcing." Among the potential benefits of growing demand for, and supply of, skilled IT workers is increased participation in the Open Source Software (OSS) movement. Expanding global involvement offers a significant opportunity for developing countries to influence the direction, importance, and future of OSS.
A role for Jsn1p in recruiting the Arp2/3 complex to mitochondria in budding yeast.

Although the Arp2/3 complex localizes to the leading edge of motile cells, endocytic structures, and mitochondria in budding yeast, the mechanism for targeting the Arp2/3 complex to different regions in the cell is not well understood. We find that Jsn1p, a member of the PUF family of proteins, facilitates association of Arp2/3 complex to yeast mitochondria. Jsn1p localizes to punctate structures that align along mitochondria, cofractionates with a mitochondrial marker protein during subcellular fractionation, and is both protease sensitive and carbonate extractable in isolated mitochondria. Thus, Jsn1p is a peripheral membrane protein that is associated with the outer leaflet of the mitochondrial outer membrane. Jsn1p colocalized and coimmunoprecipitated with mitochondria-associated Arc18p-GFP, and purified Arp2/3 complex bound to isolated TAP-tagged Jsn1p. Moreover, deletion of JSN1 reduces the amount of Arc18p-GFP that colocalizes and is recovered with mitochondria twofold, and jsn1Δ cells exhibited defects in mitochondrial morphology and motility similar to those observed in Arp2/3 complex mutants. Thus, Jsn1p has physical interactions with mitochondria-associated Arp2/3 complex and contributes to physical and functional association of the Arp2/3 complex with mitochondria.
Upper bounding fault coverage by structural analysis and signal monitoring

A new algorithm for identifying stuck faults in combinational circuits that cannot be detected by a given input sequence is presented. Other than pre and post-processing steps, certain signal conditions are monitored during logic simulation. These signal conditions are specified by an analysis of dominators and signal reconvergences in the circuit graph. After simulation, a post-processing step identifies faults that cannot be detected by the sequence. For combinational IS GAS benchmarks, the runtime overhead for the algorithm is found to be around 30-40% over that of a logic simulator. Experimental data show a substantial reduction of error in statistical estimates obtained by a stuck-fault coverage estimator when corrected for faults found by this algorithm as guaranteed to be undetected by the given sequence. An effective application of this technique is demonstrated for scan-based test point selection in an industrial scenario where circuit size and vector length prohibit the use of fault simulation.
Mechanisms and Kinetics of Iion Beam-Induced Compositional Modifications

Near-surface compositional modification of ion-bombarded alloys results from the dynamic interplay of several atomistic processes. In addition to displacement mixing leading to t randomization of atomic locations, which is dominant at relatively low temperatures, and preferential loss of alloying elements by sputtering, many thermally-activated processes, including radiation-enhanced diffusion, radiation-induced segregation and Gibbsian adsorption, also play important roles. The relative contributions of these processes to the evolution of the target composition profile depends on the target materials and irradiation variables. Although a good understanding of the individual processes has been achieved, information regarding their synergistic effects on alloy surface modification is still limited. In the present article, these processes will be characterized in simple physical terms, and the present understanding of their relative significance and contributions in changing the target composition during ion bombardment will be discussed in view of recent progress in theoretical modeling and experimental study.
Varieties of Participation in Complex Governance

The multifaceted challenges of contemporary governance demand a complex account of the ways in which those who are subject to laws and policies should participate in making them. This article develops a framework for understanding the range of institutional possibilities for public participation. Mechanisms of participation vary along three important dimensions: who participates, how participants communicate with one another and make decisions together, and how discussions are linked with policy or public action. These three dimensions constitute a space in which any particular mechanism of participation can be located. Different regions of this institutional design space are more and less suited to addressing important problems of democratic governance such as legitimacy, justice, and effective administration.
HIV Infection Is Associated with an Increased Risk for Lung Cancer, Independent of Smoking

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected persons have an elevated risk for lung cancer, but whether the increase reflects solely their heavy tobacco use remains an open question.
Zyxin is involved in thrombin signaling via interaction with PAR-1 receptor

Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) mediates thrombin signaling in human endothelial cells. As a G-protein-coupled receptor, PAR-1 transmits thrombin signal through activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, Gi, Gq, and G12/13. In this study, we demonstrated that zyxin, a LIM-domain-containing protein, is involved in thrombin-mediated actin cytoskeleton remodeling and serum response element (SRE)-dependent gene transcription. We determined that zyxin binds to the C-terminal domain of PAR-1, providing a possible mechanism of involvement of zyxin as a signal transducer in PAR-1 signaling. Data showing that disruption of PAR-1-zyxin interaction inhibited thrombin-induced stress fiber formation and SRE activation supports this hypothesis. Similarly, depletion of zyxin using siRNA inhibited thrombin-induced actin stress fiber formation and SRE-dependent gene transcription. In addition, depletion of zyxin resulted in delay of endothelial barrier restoration after thrombin treatment. Notably, down-regulation...
Near-far resistant multi-user detector using energy contours

A multi-user detector with scalable complexity that achieves the maximum likelihood (ML) solution for two users and gives good sub-optimal performance for a higher number of users is proposed. The key idea is to construct a lookup table based on the geometric structure of the signal constellation, and then perform fast decoding based on the lookup table. The proposed detector is near-far resistant and its performance is consistently better than existing sub-optimal detectors when the number of users is greater than the number of dimensions. The robustness of the detector against noise can be controlled at the expense of higher complexity.
Efficient UTD representation for the collective radiation and surface fields produced by large conformal arrays on convex surfaces

A collective description of the radiation fields, as well as surface fields, that are excited by a large array conformal to a very large smooth, arbitrary convex metallic surface is obtained in terms of just a few uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD) rays emanating from some interior and boundary points on the entire array aperture. The present solution provides efficient representation of the array fields, as well as useful physical insights into the array radiation and surface fields excitation mechanisms.
Psychometric validity of the Cochlear Implant Function Index (CIFI): a quality of life assessment tool for adult cochlear implant users.

Abstract Objective The Cochlear Implant Function Index (CIFI) is created to assess adult cochlear implant (CI) auditory effectiveness in real world situations. Our objective is to evaluate the CIFI as a reliable psychometric tool to assess 1) reliance on visual assistance, 2) telephone use, 3) communication at work, 4) ‘hearing’ in noise, 5) in groups, and 6) in large room settings. Study Design Based upon Guttman scaling properties, the CIFI elicits implanted respondent's functional level with auditory independence from Level 1 (still requiring signing) to level 4 (without any help beyond CI). A blinded, retrospective questionnaire is anonymously answered by cochlear implant recipients. Setting CI centers of tertiary care medical centers, CI support group, and an interactive web page of a hearing and speech center in a large metropolitan region. Subjects 245 respondents from a varied adult CI population implanted for one month to 19 years prior to answering the questionnaire. Intervention An assessment t...
Distinct Subsets of Primary Effusion Lymphoma Can Be Identified Based on Their Cellular Gene Expression Profile and Viral Association

Primary effusion lymphomas (PELs) are specifically associated with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection and most frequently occur in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals as lymphomatous effusions in the serous cavities without a detectable solid tumor mass. Most PELs have concomitant Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, suggesting that EBV is an important pathogenetic cofactor, although other as yet unidentified cofactors, such as cellular genetic alterations, are also likely to play a role. Lymphomatous effusions that lack KSHV also occur; these are frequently EBV associated in the setting of HIV infection. Here we used gene expression profile analysis to determine the viral impact on cellular gene expression and the pathogenesis of these lymphomatous effusions. Our results show that many genes, including cell cycle and signal transduction regulators, are differentially expressed between KSHV-positive PELs and KSHV-negative lymphomatous effusions and also between KSHV-positive, EBV-positive and KSHV-positive, EBV-negative PELs. Our results confirm that KSHV plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PELs, as its presence selects for a very distinct cellular gene expression category and a clearly different lymphoma type. Within the KSHV-positive PELs, the effect of EBV is more subtle but nevertheless clear.
Response Letters Regarding Article, “Masking Inferior Infarction by Anterior Myocardial Injury”

We thank the authors of the 4 letters to the editor for their interest in our work.1 All of the letters raise the interesting and important issue of lead misplacement, which is indeed suggested when one compares the morphology of the P waves in the limb leads in Figure 2 against Figure 1 and Figure 3 in our article. However, the authors of the letters might not have considered other elements on the ECG tracings that do not support such an interpretation. In extensive anterior myocardial injury, there is concordant ST elevation in lead I and aVL; only in high lateral MI might the ST elevation be limited to lead I and aVL. The concordance is clearly seen …
Cyclic scheduling of continuous parallel-process units with decaying performance

The problem of scheduling multiple feeds on parallel units is addressed. The performance of each unit is assumed to decrease with time, therefore requiring planned maintenance to restore its performance. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model presented uses the process information regarding the exponential decay in performance with time to find a cyclic schedule for feed processing. Optimization trade-off is between the performance of the units, and the maintenance costs and the loss in production due to shutdowns. Three main decisions for the optimal schedule are: (a) assignment of various feeds to different units; (b) processing time of each feed on different units; and (c) number of subcycles of each feed on different units. Special mathematical properties of the MINLP model are exploited to solve the problem to global optimality with a branch-and-bound method. Using several examples advantages of the model are illustrated and performances of different solution algorithms are compared.
Cost of workplace accommodations for individuals with disabilities: with or without personal assistance services.

Abstract Background This study compared the expense associated with use of personal assistance services (PAS) for individuals with disabilities to the expense incurred by individuals with disabilities who did not use PAS. The intent of this investigation was to assess the disability accommodation costs and benefits of PAS and non-PAS cases. Methods The study uses 1,182 follow-up telephone surveys and 24 telephone interviews of employers who had previously contacted the Job Accommodation Network (JAN) to discuss disability-related accommodations for an employee or potential employee that were conducted from January 2004 through December 2006. The survey included 69 employers who had considered PAS. The surveys were conducted by the University of Iowa's Law, Health Policy, and Disability Center, which contacted employers who had previously contacted JAN for consultation on workplace accommodations. The interviews were conducted by the International Center for Disability Information at West Virginia University. Results Key findings point to the costs associated with PAS cases and with cases not involving PAS accommodations. As reported by the employers, the median “one-time cost” of accommodations (not $0) for non-PAS cases was $500. The median “one-time cost” of accommodations (not $0) for PAS cases was $1,850. When $0 cost of accommodations on PAS cases was factored in with “one-time cost” of accommodations for PAS cases, the median cost was $0. For non-PAS cases of accommodations, when $0 cost of accommodations was considered, the outcome was a median cost of $0. The annual cost for PAS accommodations was a median cost of $8,000 in comparison to $2,000 for non-PAS. The median dollar amount estimates of direct benefits were $1,600 for PAS accommodations, similar to $1,500 for non-PAS. The most frequently mentioned benefits from PAS accommodations were (a) increased productivity, (b) increased diversity, (c) retention of a valued employee, (d) improved interactions with co-workers, (e) increased overall company morale, and (f) increased overall company productivity. Conclusions The findings heighten awareness of the cost and benefits aspects associated with PAS for people with disabilities. Many non-PAS accommodations cost nothing to the employer (e.g., changing the work schedule, moving the individual to another location). When dollar cost was involved, the costs for PAS accommodations were more than three times greater than non-PAS accommodations.
Effect of interfacial strain on shape and composition of MOCVD grown III-Nitride nanostructures

It is determined that the interfacial strain due to lattice mismatch between the substrate (template) and the overgrown nanostructure has substantial influence on the final morphology and faceting of nanostructures. AlGaN and GaN nanostructures were grown on different substrates/templates, namely Sapphire, AlN/Sapphire, Al0.5Ga0.5N/Sapphire and GaN/Sapphire, where interfacial strain for overgrown nanostructures changes from compressive to tensile respectively. GaN nanostructures grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using identical growth parameters exhibit pyramidal morphologies under low or no mismatch strain, while highly strained structures with compressive strain evolve into prismatic shapes when grown in the c-crystallographic direction. In addition, it is shown that interfacial strain also affects the growth rate and alloy composition of ternary AlGaN nanostructures produced under identical conditions on different templates/substrates. AlGaN nanostructures grown under compressive strain show higher vertical and lower lateral growth rates when compared to those under tensile strain. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and cathodoluminescene were used to characterize growth rates, shape and composition of the nanostructures. Observed variation in morphologies, growth rates and compositions are explained in terms of the strain dependency of adatom diffusion barriers on strained surfaces and Ehrlich-Schwoebel barriers across different crystallographic planes. Density functional (DFT) calculations were performed to determine the dependency of adatom diffusion on strained GaN and AlN surfaces.
Portal venous injection of insulin in the diabetic rat: time of induction of changes in hepatic lipogenesis, cholesterogenesis, and glycogenesis.

The time of onset of changes in liver metabolism of the 14-hour-insulin-deprived, alloxan-diabetic rat following continuous portal vein infusion of insulin was studied. The earliest effect of insulin—on glycogen content of the liver and on the capacity of the liver slice to synthesize cholesterol from acetate—occurred between 10 and 30 minutes after the start of the infusion. The liver's capacity for incorporating acetate carbon into cholesterol rose dramatically between 30 and 60 minutes after the start of the hormone infusion, and returned to normal in 90 minutes. The significance of this biphasic response in hepatic cholesterogenesis to portal vein insulin infusion is discussed. Fatty acid synthesis was slowest to respond to insulin. An effect on hepatic lipogenesis was first detected between 60 and 90 minutes after injection, and the liver's capacity for incorporation of acetate-l-C14 into fatty acids continued to increase with duration of insulin administration up to 180 minutes.
The Instability of Farm Prices Reconsidered

T IS characteristic of most farm prices to fluctuate widely when market prices are free of government intervention. These price fluctuations give rise to difficulties for small private firms in agriculture-our typical family farms-which on other grounds are a preferred way of farm living and of organizing agricultural production. Government is, therefore, called upon to reduce these price fluctuations. The efforts of government on this score, however, have been far from satisfactory. They have been unsatisfactory because of the mixture of public purposes that have entered into farm price policy, because of some of the mistaken beliefs about the demand and supply characteristics of farm products and because of two misleading, widely held beliefs about the functions of farm product prices. I shall take up each of these issues to clear the ground for some reflections on the problem of farm price instability.
Effect of Stage of Development and Function on the Template Activity of Rat Mammary Gland Chromatin

SummaryThe ability of purified mammary gland chromatin to serve as a template for DNA-dependent RNA polymerase increases slightly during gestation and increases nearly twofold after the onset of lactation. The composition of the purified chromatin changes at parturition and is characterized by a 2-3-fold increase in RNA, a 1.2-1.3-fold increase in histone, amd a 1.1-1.7-fold increase in nonhistone chromatin proteins. Since the synthesis of milk proteins begins coincidentally with the increase in chromatin template activity, the response probably results from the expression of a new set of genes although the possibility of an increase in the rate of expression of previously active genes cannot be excluded.
Preliminary Probing The Legitimacy Of ENGO In China

The failure of government and market in environmental protection requires the introduce of social regulation mechanism,which bases on the theory and practice of civil society. Civil society composed mainly by civil organization whose function is to protect the right and politic participation of citizens. The chief requirement of ENGO as a kind of organization is its legitimacy. In order to promote the healthy development of ENOG in china, and remedy the failure of market regulation mechanism and administrative regulation mechanism, this paper discussed the legitimacy and its insufficiency of ENGO from the aspect of politics and law. Then thinking about how to overcome the crisis of legitimacy of ENGO in china and giving some suggestions.
Venous thromboembolism in the State of Minas Gerais and its projection to Brazil: study based in 2,331,353 hospitalisations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS This study had as its objective an estimate of the prevalence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the State of Minas Gerais and its projection to Brazil, based on an analysis of 2,331,353 hospitalisations in the period of January 1994 to November 1995. RESULTS Cardiovascular diseases, except for surgical cases, were responsible for 279,982 hospitalisations. The target population were the users of the Brazilian state health system. The evaluation, through clinical diagnosis, demonstrated the high incidence of VTE in patients over 50. The hospitalisation rate and mortality rate, were compared with those presented in studies in the United States and Europe. CONCLUSIONS The importance of awareness of thrombosis and use of prophylactic methods to reduce the risks of serious complications of VTE.
Dynamin‐1 deletion enhances post‐tetanic potentiation and quantal size after tetanic stimulation at the calyx of Held

Key points Post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) is attributed mainly to an increase in release probability (Pr) and/or readily-releasable pool (RRP) in many synapses, but the role of endocytosis in PTP is unknown. Using the calyx of Held synapse from tissue-specific dynamin-1 knockout (cKO) mice (P16–20), we report that cKO synapses show enhanced PTP compared to control. We found significant increases in both spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current (spEPSC) amplitude and RRP size (estimated by a train of 30 APs at 100 Hz) in cKO over control during PTP. Actin depolymerization blocks the increase in spEPSC amplitude in both control and cKO, and it abolishes the enhancement of PTP in cKO. PTP is sensitive to the PKC inhibitor GF109203X in both control and cKO. We conclude that an activity-dependent quantal size increase contributes to the enhancement of PTP in cKO over control and an altered endocytosis affects short-term plasticity through quantal size changes. Abstract High-frequency stimulation leads to post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) at many types of synapses. Previous studies suggest that PTP results primarily from a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent increase in release probability (Pr) and/or readily-releasable pool (RRP) of synaptic vesicles (SVs), but the role of SV endocytosis in PTP is unknown. Using the mature calyx of Held (P16–20), we report that tissue-specific ablation of dynamin-1 (cKO), an endocytic protein crucial for SV regeneration, enhances PTP in cKO over control. To explore the mechanism of this enhancement, we estimated the changes in paired-pulse ratios (PPRs) and RRP size during PTP. RRP was estimated by the back-extrapolation of cumulative EPSC amplitudes during a train of 30 action potentials at 100 Hz (termed RRPtrain). We found an increase in RRPtrain during PTP in both control and cKO, but no significant changes in the PPR. Moreover, the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (spEPSCs) increased during PTP in both control and cKO; however, the spEPSC amplitude in cKO during PTP was significantly larger than in control. Actin depolymerization reagent latrunculin-B (Lat-B) abolished the activity-dependent increase in spEPSC amplitude in both control and cKO, but selectively blocked the enhancement of PTP in cKO, without affecting PTP in control. PKC inhibitor GF109203X nearly abolished PTP in both control and cKO. These data suggest that the quantal size increase contributes to the enhancement of PTP in dynamin-1 cKO, and this change depends on strong synaptic activity and actin polymerization.
Al vaivén fluctuante del verso (Cansancio / Mundo arcano / Silenciosa algarabía / Inéditos) - Paolo de Lima

Encabezado por un minucioso prologo, «El intenso peregrinaje de Paolo de Lima», escrito por el critico Jorge Frisancho, este libro ofrece una lectura totalizadora de la poetica de este escritor. Al vaiven fluctuante del verso es una edicion que recoge sus primeros tres poemarios: Cansancio (1995), Mundo arcano (2002), Silenciosa algarabia (2009), mas tres poemas publicados bajo el titulo de Ineditos.
Minimal time for gingival retraction cords to achieve accurate impression an in vivo study

Aim Analyze minimal time interval necessary for retraction cords RC embedded in L epinephrine LE or aluminum chloride AC to expose cervical finish line of tooth preparation for satisfactory impression without causing gingival recession GR nbsp Method nbsp Cords nbsp were nbsp placed nbsp in nbsp nbsp teeth nbsp of nbsp nbsp mongrel nbsp dogs nbsp divided nbsp into nbsp nbsp groups teeth received LE cords teeth received SC cords controls did not receive RC Cords stayed in sulcus for and minutes and potential GR analyzed at and days nbsp Results nbsp Groups nbsp nbsp amp nbsp nbsp showed nbsp nbsp and nbsp the nbsp group nbsp nbsp nbsp of nbsp satisfactory nbsp gingival displacement GD P Groups amp showed similar GD in all time intervals When the RC was used over minutes in groups amp GR occurred nbsp Conclusion Placement of cords soaked in LE or in AC for up to minutes in the gingival sulcus does not cause GR
Human Pluripotent-Derived Lineages for Repairing Hypopituitarism

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) present a potentially unlimited source of specialized cell types for regenerative medicine. Over the last few years there has been rapid progress in realizing this potential by developing protocols to generate disease-relevant cell types in vitro on demand. The approach was particularly successful for the nervous system, where the field is at the verge of human translation for several indications, including the treatment of eye disorders, Parkinson’s disease and spinal cord injury. More recently, there has also been success in deriving anterior pituitary lineages from both mouse and human pluripotent stem cells. In vitro-derived pituitary hormone-producing cell types present an attractive source for repair in patients with hypopituitarism. However, several hurdles remain towards realizing this goal. In particular, there is a need to further improve the efficiency and precision with which specific hormone-producing lineages can be derived. Furthermore, it will be important to assess the potential of both ectopic and orthotopic transplantation strategies to achieve meaningful hormone replacement. The ultimate challenge will be repair that moves beyond hormone replacement towards the full functional integration of the grafted cells into the complex regulatory endocrine network controlled by the human pituitary gland.
Adaptive Acoustooptic Processor

Space-integrating, acoustooptic processors for adaptive, temporal filtering are examined. The basic architecture is then extended to the space-time domain for application in broadband phased array processing. An acoustooptic processor capable of such 2-dimensional, adaptive processing is described.
Single mode photonic crystal vertical cavity lasers for improved modulation bandwidth distance product

We demonstrate single mode photonic crystal vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with modulation bandwidth exceeding 15 GHz, low operating current density, and improved output power by optimization of the laser cavity optical and electrical design.
Comparisons of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide Constructs Among Individuals Without Suicidality, Ideators, Planners, and Attempters.

The Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS) proposes that combinations of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability lead to suicide ideation, planning, and attempting. We compared individuals with and without suicidality on thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, and compared a combined group of planners and attempters to ideators on fearlessness about death (one component of acquired capability). Individuals with suicidality had higher thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness than individuals without suicidality. Planners and attempters did not have higher fearlessness about death than ideators. These findings partially support IPTS hypotheses. Assessing thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness may improve suicide risk determination.
Prospective sensemaking: Strategy-making in a pioneering firm

I employed a longitudinal, grounded-theory approach to investigate the processes by which firms not only try to "see" the future, but seek to shape it, as well. My investigation of the strategy-mak...
226Ra AND THE NATURAL AIRBORNE NUCLIDES 210Pb AND 210Po IN ARCTIC BIOTA

Abstract In order to better determine the characteristics and effects on humans of arctic biota with high concentrations of 210Pb and 210Po, these nuclides, along with their long-lived predecessor, 226Ra, were measured in lichens, in bone and muscle of caribou and other arctic animals, and in Eskimo placenta. 226Ra with concentrations 1/3 to 1/50 those of the other nuclides, cannot be the direct source of the other nuclides. In caribou bone the 210Po was in radioactive equilibrium with the 210Pb and averaged about 11.7 pCi/g ash, twice the 210Pb in reindeer bone. The 210Pb content of muscle of both species was 10 pCi/kg (wet). By contrast, the 210Po content was much greater, about 200 pCi/kg. A definite seasonal decrease was noted in the 210Pb in muscle during the second half of the year. Similar variations were indicated for 210Po in muscle and for 210Pb in bone. The high levels in caribou are attributed to the high fallout levels of these nuclides in lichens, their winter forage, which contain (in dry weight) 6 pCi 210Pb/g and 12 pCi 210Po/g. The other animals exhibited appreciably lower concentrations in bone and muscle. Wolf, which consumes large quantities of caribou, exhibited activities in bone of 1 pCi/g ash, about that observed in some Eskimo bone by Hill. The 210Po content of wolf muscle was about the same as that of caribou, 200 pCi/kg, but the 210Pb was only about 1 pCi/kg. Similar, but less dramatic, differences were observed in Eskimo placenta. Estimates of uptake show that Eskimos could acquire sufficient of the long-lived 210Pb to double the total skeletal radiation dose (rad) over that of Midwesterners. However, despite the high concentrations of the 210Po in meat, direct intake accounts for only a relatively small increase in total dose.
Introducing Focused Updates in Cerebrovascular Disease.

See releated articles, pp 2654, 2660, 2665, 2671 In this issue of Stroke , a new feature begins, Focused Updates in Cerebrovascular Disease. This will become a regular aspect of Stroke and be comprised several invited reviews that share a common underlying theme. In the first focused update coordinated by Dr Karen Furie, the theme is newer aspects of atrial fibrillation stroke. Stroke invited leading …
The Digital Age of Academic Medicine: The Role of Social Media

Abstract Social media is playing an increasingly significant role in academic medicine to improve education, disseminate research, and help stakeholders remain abreast of new research. There are multiple social media platforms that have demonstrated benefits in academic medicine including Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, podcasts, and blogs. Other emerging platforms have the potential to further impact the future of academic medicine. Within the established platforms, there have been many successful initiatives. Visual Abstracts allow social media users to quickly preview the key findings of a study through engaging pictures and clear diagrams. Twitter journal clubs allow scientists around the world to discuss and engage with research questions, topics, and articles. Facebook's International Hernia Collaboration is a forum for sharing clinical best practices and research that benefits a wide range of audiences. Social media use offers benefits to journals, researchers, and readers, yet there are professionalism and privacy considerations, which will remain as individuals find further applications of social media in academic medicine.
Thomas Harold (“Tommy”) Flowers: Designer of the Colossus Codebreaking Machines

Tommy Flowers, born 22 December 1905, died 28 October 1998, designed the Colossus codebreaking machines.
“It’s just art”: auteur apologism in the post-Weinstein era

Separating the art from artist is a standard practice embedded in the cultural fields—from painting to literature to film and television—and it is often required when overlooking the amoral or crim...
Structural Organization of Mouse c-myb Locus and the Mechanism of its Rearrangement in ABPL-2 Tumor Line Induced by Pristane and Abelson Murine Leukemia Virus

Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) is a replication-defective transforming retrovirus that arose by recombination of nondefective helper virus (M-MuLV) and cellular sequences present within the normal mouse genome. The latter sequences, termed abl, appear to code for the transforming properties of the virus (for review see Rosenberg and Baltimore, 1980). This virus induces in adult BALB/c mice a variety of lymphoid neoplasms predominantly of the pre-B cell series (ABLS tumors). However, when the mice are previously injected with pristane, which induces intraperitonal granulomatous tissue, this virus also rapidly induces plasmacytomas (ABPC tumors) and occasionally, a morphological subset of lymphosarcomas characterized by plasmacytoid cytoplasm but with very little immunoglobulin production (ABPL tumors) (Potter et al.,1978). Our preliminary experiments indicated that ABPC and ABLS tumors produced abundant amounts of infectious A-MuLV particles while most ABPL tumors, in striking contrast, did not. In an effort to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the genesis of these tumors, a detailed study of the expression of abl, myc and myb oncogenes was undertaken (Mushinski et al., 1983).
The citrate enzymes: their structures, mechanisms, and biological functions.

Publisher Summary The enzymes that catalyze lyase reactions on citrate to yield a C 2 and a C 4 unit are: citrate lyase, citrate synthase, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) citrate lyase. Citrate lyase has been reported only in certain bacteria, citrate synthase has been found in all cells examined for it, and ATP citrate lyase has been found only in eukaryotic cells. The reaction catalyzed in common by these three enzymes is an aldol type, that is the reversible formation of a C—H bond from a C—C bond. It is possible that there exist some catalytic similarities in the three enzymatic reactions so that comparison of the results obtained with each enzyme might be useful in understanding the others. The citrate enzymes comprise a unique biological system in which three enzymes catalyze the same bond-breaking-making reaction. The fact that the simplest of these reactions, that catalyzed by citrate lyase, occurs in the most primitive organisms and that the most complex, the ATP citrate lyase reaction, occurs in the most recently evolved organisms, suggests a possible evolutionary relation between these enzymes.
Gene Expression in Bacterial Systems: The trp Operon and Attenuation

Transcription attenuation is defined as any mechanism that utilizes transcriptional pausing or termination to control expression of downstream genes. This mechanism of regulation is used to control expression of many genes in bacteria in responses to changes in their environment. Moreover, bacteria have evolved several elaborate and elegant variations on the attenuation theme, mainly based on the mechanism used to control formation of the RNA structures that signal RNA polymerase to pause or terminate transcription.
An Occupancy Grid Mapping enhanced visual SLAM for real-time locating applications in indoor GPS-denied environments

Abstract Current Real-Time Locating Systems (RTLS) typically deployed in indoor built environments are generally based on wireless technologies, fixed cameras, or Lidar-based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM), which generally suffer from the drawbacks of low accuracy, reliance on existing infrastructures that may be not available in the deployed environments, labor-intensive environment instrumentation, or economic infeasibility for wide deployment. By improving an ORB RGB-D SLAM with Occupancy Grid Mapping, this paper proposes a new indoor RTLS that can be readily adapted and deployed for a broad range of indoor locating applications while overcoming the limitations faced by current solutions. In addition to the sparse feature map that is maintained by ORB SLAM itself, a new 2D mapping module is developed to build and maintain an additional 2D Occupancy Grid Map (OGM). The 2D OGM is built with the 3D camera poses estimated by Visual SLAM (vSLAM) and laser scans extracted from the point cloud observed by the camera from those poses. In addition, the Robot Operating System (ROS) visualization tools are used to overlay real-time current camera poses and observations (virtual laser scans) on the OGM. This approach not only provides more intuitive pose information to users and allows them to interact with the system, but also enables path planning and continuous navigation, which cannot be implemented directly on vSLAM's original feature map. The localization accuracy of the proposed system is experimentally evaluated with a set of visual landmarks that are installed in a large-scale building environment. The achieved marker position measurement accuracy ranges from 0.039 m to 0.186 m and the marker distance measurement accuracy ranges from 0.018 m to 0.235 m, proving the method's feasibility and applicability in providing real-time and accurate localization for a wide range of applications within constructed facilities and the built environment. Three examples are provided to highlight such potential applications, including path planning and real-time navigation, geo-tagged date collection and location-aware point cloud updating.