cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute pancreatitis markedly accelerates pancreatic cancer progression in mice expressing oncogenic Kras

Chronic pancreatitis increases by 16-fold the risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the deadliest human cancers. It also appears to accelerate cancer progression in genetically engineered mouse models. We now report that in a mouse model where oncogenic Kras is activated in all pancreatic cell types, two brief episodes of acute pancreatitis caused rapid PanIN progression and accelerated pancreatic cancer development. Thus, a brief inflammatory insult to the pancreas, when occurring in the context of oncogenic Kras(G12D), can initiate a cascade of events that dramatically enhances the risk for pancreatic malignant transformation.
Empowered Leaders and Alone in Community: Stories of Romanian Roma Health Mediators

This article investigates the experiences of Roma women who work as health mediators to build bridges between Romani patients and the public health system. Given the precarious socioeconomic conditions, overt discrimination, policy changes, and rights advocacy that mark these women's lives—and at the same time the near invisibility of Roma women in scholarship—this study offers women's stories as communicative practices of telling oneself. The mediators narrate stories of successes and challenges in their profession, of discrimination, of empowerment, and of identity shifts toward hybridity and contextual alliances. This study suggests that although a sense of entitlement makes sense in the context of much responsibility on the Romni's shoulders, speaking for their own ethnicity may become problematic and is accompanied by feelings of loneliness.
Repeat knot formation in a patient with an indwelling ureteral stent

A patient treated for nephrolithiasis formed knots in 2 occasions, in 2 separate indwelling ureteral stents. This rare complication may make stent removal difficult. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of repeat knot formation in a single patient.
Cytologic features of endocervical glandular lesions: comparison of SurePath, ThinPrep, and conventional smear specimen preparations.

The cytologic features of endocervical neoplasia have been well-described for conventional and ThinPrep, but not for SurePath, methods. This study is designed to ascertain if cytological features are similar in SurePath specimens. Conventional, ThinPrep and SurePath specimens with either endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ or invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma were evaluated for architectural and cytological features previously described for endocervical neoplasia. A generalized linear model was used to assess the differences of ordinal multinomial data. Of 18 evaluated, the only features showing statistical differences were architectural: large groups of cells and single cells were more frequent in SurePath preparations and conventional smears. Feathering was more frequently noted in conventional smears. Individual cytological features were identical across all groups. Mitoses and apoptotic debris were seen with equal frequency in all preparations. The architectural and cytologic features of endocervical glandular neoplasia in liquid-based specimens show only subtle architectural differences when compared with conventional smears. Keeping these differences in mind, virtually the same criteria can be used to identify endocervical glandular lesions in all three specimen types. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:232–237. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Seed moisture at physiological maturity in oilseed and confectionary sunflower hybrids in the northern U.S.

Abstract Desiccating sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) to hasten harvest has become common practice in the northern U.S. and can aid in reducing yield loss associated with severe weather, plant degradation, and bird predation. Current recommendations are to apply desiccants to sunflower at 35% or less seed moisture corresponding to physiological maturity (PM). However, evidence suggests PM may occur at higher seed moisture. Therefore, a 2-yr field study was conducted at Prosper, ND, and Morris, MN, with the objective being to model the dynamic relationship of seed dry matter accumulation to moisture content in sunflower seed of two high-oleic oilseed hybrids and one confectionary hybrid to estimate seed moisture content at PM. Between stages R6 and R9 (PM), seed samples were collected from capitulum at 4–7 d intervals. Seeds were separated from the inner, middle, and outer concentric thirds of the capitulum for analysis. Average moisture content across middle and outer seed at PM for both oilseed hybrids was about 40% regardless of environment, but it was 50% for the confectionary hybrid. Inner seed lagged behind middle and outer zones in reaching PM, but only comprises about 11% of total seed on capitulum. Approximately 600–666 °C d were required for seed to progress from R6 to PM for the oil hybrids and 486–612 °C d for the confectionary hybrid. For both types of hybrids, PM occurred about 3 d later in middle seed as compared to outer seed. Indeed, our results indicate modern sunflower hybrids can be desiccated at higher seed moisture than currently recommended without sacrificing yield loss due to not reaching PM.
Mapping translocation breakpoints using a wheat microarray

We report mapping of translocation breakpoints using a microarray. We used complex RNA to compare normal hexaploid wheat (17,000 Mb genome) to a ditelosomic stock missing the short arm of chromosome 1B (1BS) and wheat-rye translocations that replace portions of 1BS with rye 1RS. Transcripts detected by a probe set can come from all three Triticeae genomes in ABD hexaploid wheat, and sequences of homoeologous genes on 1AS, 1BS and 1DS often differ from each other. Absence or replacement of 1BS therefore must sometimes result in patterns within a probe set that deviate from hexaploid wheat. We termed these 'high variance probe sets' (HVPs) and examined the extent to which HVPs associated with 1BS aneuploidy are related to rice genes on syntenic rice chromosome 5 short arm (5S). We observed an enrichment of such probe sets to 15-20% of all HVPs, while 1BS represents approximately 2% of the total genome. In total 257 HVPs constitute wheat 1BS markers. Two wheat-rye translocations subdivided 1BS HVPs into three groups, allocating translocation breakpoints to narrow intervals defined by rice 5S coordinates. This approach could be extended to the entire wheat genome or any organism with suitable aneuploid or translocation stocks.
Multisystem Physiologic Impairments and Changes in Gait Speed of Older Adults

Slowed gait speed is common in older adults and is associated with increased risk for disability, cognitive impairment, and earlier death (1–3). In some cases, a single identifiable cause of gait slowing is evident, but more often the underlying cause is unclear. While physical function can be adversely affected by a number of clinically overt diseases, declines in function retain an independent association with age (4). Subclinical, asymptomatic, and undiagnosed changes to physiologic systems are common in older adults and may represent a pathway by which older age is associated with gait speed decline independent of clinical disease. Older adults may be particularly vulnerable to functional limitations when deficits occur across multiple organ systems (4–8). Multi-system impairments are particularly important as many contributors to aging are not organ specific and age-related changes in one system may accelerate deterioration in other systems (9). A single index that captures the full range of subclinical to clinically overt disease across several physiologic systems could provide a more complete measure of the multi-system biologic dynamic that may affect gait speed in older age (10). To our knowledge, no previous analyses have assessed the association of gait speed with a summary index of subclinical and clinical disease across multiple systems. The physiologic index was developed to summarize disease burden across multiple organ systems, including vasculature, lungs, kidneys, brain, and glucose metabolism (10). It uses non-invasive tests to capture a wide range of disease from subclinical to clinically overt. The physiologic index predicts mortality and disability onset independent of age and multimorbidity counts and is associated with, but distinct from, frailty (10,11). Thus, the physiologic index may be a useful tool to examine the impact of multisystem disease on gait speed in older adults. We used the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) to assess associations of the physiologic index with gait speed over 6 years of follow-up. We hypothesized that individuals with higher index scores, indicative of greater multi-system disease burden, would have slower gait speed and greater declines in gait speed compared to those with lower scores and that these associations would be independent of age and clinical disease. Further, we hypothesized that the physiologic index would account for a greater proportion of the variance between age and gait speed than would a count of clinical diseases.
Storage-efficient, deadlock-free packet routing algorithms for torus networks

We present two new packet routing algorithms for parallel computers with torus interconnection networks of arbitrary size and dimension. Both algorithms use only minimal length paths, are fully adaptive in the sense that all minimal length paths may be used to avoid congestion, and are free of deadlock, livelock and starvation. Algorithm 1 requires only three central queues per routing node. It is the first known minimal length packet routing algorithm for torus networks which requires a constant number of queues per node, regardless of the size and dimension of the torus. In fact, the requirement of three queues per node is optimal, as no such algorithm is possible when all nodes have two or fewer queues. Algorithm 2 requires only that each node have two input buffers per edge. It is the first known minimal-fully-adaptive packet routing algorithm for torus networks which does not require central queues and which does not require any node to have more than two input or two output buffers per edge. Both algorithms are simple and appear to be well-suited to VLSI implementation. They can be used with either store-and-forward or virtual cut-through routing. >
Influence of Terrestrial Molluscs on Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Release in a Hawaiian Rain Forest

The roles of terrestrial molluscs in many important ecosystem processes are largely unknown, particularly in tropical forests. It has been suggested from studies in temperate forests that snails/slugs contribute to litter decomposition directly (by their own metabolism) and/ or indirectly (by habitat modification enhancing micro-arthropod or microbial activity). Forty-two mesocosms were established at seven Hawaiian rain forest sites to examine the role of the five most abundant snail/slug species: the native Succinea cepulla, and the non-native Arion intermedius, Deroceras laeve, Oxychilus alliarius, and Limax maximus. Controls had no snails/slugs. To assess the contribution of each mollusc species separately, decomposition experiments were conducted in mesocosms containing litter bags and manipulated field densities of the mollusc species. Presence of molluscs increased litter decomposition rates, which were strongly correlated with mollusc biomass. While rates of release of some nutrients (C, K, Mg, and Mn) differed among treatments, multivariate analyses indicated that the different mollusc species influenced nutrient release in a similar way. No increases in smaller invertebrate abundances were observed in treatments containing molluscs, indicating that molluscs do not facilitate smaller invertebrate recruitment and probably influence these ecosystem processes primarily by microbe facilitation. If a major functional role of terrestrial molluscs is to facilitate microbial growth, then maintaining adequate mollusc biomass may be essential for maintaining healthy functioning ecosystems.
Serving the Developmental and Learning Needs of the 21st Century Diverse College Student Population: A Review of Literature

The seminal theories that describe human development during the college years were developed several decades ago using research conducted with homogenous groups of college students that resemble the demographic characteristics of 21 st Century college students in very few ways. The current population is more diverse in terms of race, ethnicity, gender, age, socioeconomic status, academic preparation, immigration status, and disability than the college student population has ever been in the history of higher education. This review highlights recent research on how the current diverse population of college students interacts within the campus environment. The review considers the current research on how college affects 21 st century college students, and how students develop in terms of career, cognitive, and psychological development during the college years. Also important to consider is the kind of social and cultural capital that diverse college students bring to college that helps them achieve academic and career success.
Minimum mean-square error transformations of categorical data to target positions

A new algorithm is described for transforming multidimensional data such that all the data points in each of several predefined categories map toward a category target position in the transformed space. The procedure is based on minimizing the mean-square error between specified category target positions and actual transformed locations of the data. Least squares estimation techniques are used to derive linear equations for computing the transformation coefficients and for determining an origin offset in the transformed space. However, for additional flexibility in the transformation, a method is presented for combining the linear transformation with a nonlinear connectionist network transformation. This procedure can, among other things, be used as a tool to evaluate the precision with which physical measurements of psychophysical stimuli correlate with the perceptual configuration of those stimuli. Potential speech science applications are identified. Experimental results illustrate some of these applications with vowel data. >
Organometallic Complexes as Models for the Adsorption of Thiophenes on Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) Catalysts

In this review are discussed the known modes of thiophene coordination η1(S), η2, η4 and η5) in organometallic complexes. Their structures, bonding and stabilities are related to the adsorption of thiophene on heterogeneous hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts. Modes of benzo[b]thiophene and dibenzothiophene coordination in organometallic complexes are briefly summarized.
"Information is cheap, but meaning is expensive": Building analytical skill into legal research instruction

Law students and new attorneys must have well-developed analytical skills in order to find information that is pertinent to their legal problems and to become competent legal researchers in today�s information-rich environment. Law librarians and legal research instructors can help develop students� analytical skills by asking them to participate in activities that encourage metacognition about processes that are critical to information seeking.
Mass fragmentographic studies of sulfur compounds: the thienylthiaalkanes.

Fragmentation studies of the mass spectra of 24 high purity compounds of importance in a study of fossil fuels are described. The substances include eleven 1-(2-thienyl)-1-thia-, six1-(2-thienyl)-3-thia, and seven1-(2-thienyl)-4-thiaalkanes in the molecular weight range 158 to 270. Rearrangement peaks are prominent in all spectra and form the base peaks for the 1-thia- and 4-thia- compounds. The 3-thia- compounds are somewhat perverse in exhibiting weaker rearrangement peaks, and large ion intensities, including base peaks, at masses typical of alkyl fragments, alkenyl fragments, or ions more characteristic of the thiaalkanes (aliphatic sulfides). The major fragment ions are discussed and their use in differentiating subclasses is described. Low ionization voltage data is presented in support of suggested mechanisms of fragmentation.
Transfer of delayed hypersensitivity to diphtheria toxin in man.

Simultaneous transfer of delayed hypersensitivity to diphtheria toxin and to tuberculin has been accomplished in eight consecutive instances in man using extracts from washed leucocytes taken from the peripheral blood of tuberculin-positive, Schick-negative donors who were highly sensitive ( i.e ., pseudoreactors) to purified diphtheria toxin and toxoid. The leucocyte extracts used for transfer contained no detectable antitoxin. The recipient subjects were Schick-positive (<0.001 unit antitoxin per ml. serum) and tuberculin-negative at the time of transfer. All the recipients remained Schick-positive for at least 2 weeks following transfer and in every case their serum contained less than 0.001 units antitoxin at the time when they exhibited maximal skin reactivity to toxoid. Evidence is presented which indicates that the transfer factor may be released from leucocyte suspensions under mild conditions in which most of the cells appear to remain morphologically intact. Four adult Schick-positive subjects have been sensitized to diphtheria toxoid by intradermal injection of a few micrograms of purified toxoid in the form of a washed toxoid-antitoxin precipitate. Two of these sensitized individuals showed severe delayed skin reactions specifically directed against diphtheria toxin (or toxoid) at a time when their serum antitoxin level was less than 0.001 units/ml.
A Parametric Study to Relate Railcar Speed to Permissible Combinations of Track Geometry Deviations

A passenger railcar was modeled using quasi-linear, frequency domain computer simulation models to compute lateral and vertical rms wheelset forces and relative displacements over a range of speeds, in response to power spectra representations of track geometry deviations in surface, alinement, and crosslevel. A simplified wheel-climb criterion (Lateral to Vertical Force Ratio, L/V) was used to estimate the margin of safety for wheel-climb and to impose limits on combined track geometry deviations which result in development of lateral and vertical forces which would cause a commonly used threshold value to be exceeded on a statistical basis. "Constant performance" contours of speed versus combined track geometry deviations are developed for selected L/V threshold values and exceedance probabilities.
Effects of cohesive zones on small faults and implications for secondary fracturing and fault trace geometry

Abstract Fracture mechanics theory and field observations together indicate that the shear stress on many faults is non-uniform when they slip. If the shear stress were uniform, then: (a) a physically implausible singular stress concentration theoretically would develop at a fault end; and (b) a single curved ‘tail fracture’ should open up at the end of every fault trace, intersecting the fault at approximately 70 °. Tail fractures along many small faults instead range in number, commonly form behind fault trace ends, have nearly straight traces and intersect a fault at angles less than 50 °. A ‘cohesive zone’, in which the shear stress is elevated near the fault end, can eliminate the stress singularity and can account for the observed orientation, shape, and distribution of tail fractures. Cohesive zones also should cause a fault to bend. If the cohesive zone shear stress were uniform, then the distance from the fault end to the bend gives the cohesive zone length. The nearly straight traces of the tail fractures and the small bends observed near some fault ends implies that the faults slipped with low stress drops, less than 10% of the ambient fault-parallel shear stress.
The influence of diet on the recovery of the rat adrenal from stilbestrol induced stress.

THE adrenal hypertrophy which follows the injection of estrogen is well documented. However, recovery of adrenal size and function following estrogen induced stress and the factors which modify the recovery phase have received little attention. Lynch (1952) observed that the adrenal continued to hypertrophy, in rats, for 3 weeks after discontinuing estradiol benzoate and that adrenal weight did not return to normal until 9 weeks after the cessation of treatment. The influence of nutrition on the recovery phase was not studied. Nevertheless, nutritional studies warrant consideration for chronic inanition alone serves as a stress in rats (Quimby, 1948), guinea pigs (D’Angelo et al., 1948) and mice (Boutwell et al., 1948). Furthermore, a high protein diet may increase the response of the pituitary-adrenal system to stress (Ingle et al., 1947; Leathern, 1947; Hay et al. 1948; Moya et al., 1948; Henriques et al., 1949) and an adequate amount of protein is required for a maximal adrenal response to stress (Cons...
Ordered Delivery over One-way Virtual Circuits

We present a family of transport protocols for transmitting messages from a sender process to a receiver process over multiple one-way channels (that represent virtual circuits). Each channel may lose but not reorder nor duplicate messages. The sender process distributes its messages among the channels in a round-robin manner for purposes of load balancing and fault-tolerance. The receiver process receives messages from the different channels in arbitrary order, but it delivers them in the same order in which they were sent, despite the fact that some messages may have been lost during transmission. The protocols in our protocol family support two delivery requirements: no deadline delivery, in which the receiver may wait to receive a message from each channel before delivering the next message, and deadline delivery, in which each message is to be delivered before a given deadline.
Rivaroxaban for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Abdominoplasty: A Multicenter Experience

Background Abdominoplasty, a commonly performed aesthetic procedure, is considered to have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) events. At present, routine VTE chemoprophylaxis following abdominoplasty remains controversial. Objectives This study evaluates the authors’ experience with rivaroxaban, an oral Factor Xa inhibitor, for VTE prophylaxis in abdominoplasty patients. Methods A retrospective case series was conducted. All patients who underwent abdominoplasty and received rivaroxaban were included. The prophylactic dose was 10 mg daily for 7 days, beginning 12 hours postoperatively. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and type of surgery were recorded. The primary outcome measured was hematologic complication, including VTE, hematoma requiring operative evacuation, and need for blood transfusion. Results From September 2012 until July 2014, 132 patients (122 women and 10 men) underwent abdominoplasty surgery and received rivaroxaban postoperatively. Mean patient age was 43.7 years, and mean body mass index was 27.1. One hundred twenty-five patients also underwent abdominal muscle plication. Eleven patients underwent a fleur de lis vertical skin resection component. One hundred patients underwent concomitant abdominal liposuction, while 79 patients also had back liposuction. Only 1 patient had a symptomatic VTE event. Three patients had a hematoma requiring operative evacuation, and all went on to heal without sequelae. Two patients received a blood transfusion for anemia during their course of rivaroxaban. Conclusions Oral rivaroxaban administration for chemoprophylaxis in abdominoplasty patients is safe, with low rates of symptomatic VTE and hematoma formation. The authors continue routine use of the medication for patients at increased risk for VTE events. Level of Evidence 4![Graphic][1] Risk [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Unmanned aerial system for first responders

In this paper a roadmap is described for future work using stereo thermal cameras to locate and avoid heat sources or hot-spots commonly encountered in disaster remediation tasks using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The proposed stereo forward looking infrared (FLIR) camera system will allow a UAV to locate bodies of heat, avoid such bodies to protect its sensitive mechanical and electronic components, and identify those heat sources globally in an objective frame in order to aid remote flight operators in the mapping of unknown and often hazardous environments. The locations of these identified bodies of heat can be combined with more traditional sensors used for obstacle detection such as LIDAR or a Time of Flight (ToF) camera to allow first responders to deploy UAV in many different types of emergency events. First responders can easily operate UAVs semi-autonomously to gather information, and act decisively without having to provide obstacle free paths for UAVs in advance. A 3D vector mesh (VM) avoidance algorithm will be used with sensor data from the stereo FLIR cameras, LIDAR, and the ToF camera to achieve both physical and thermal obstacle avoidance. The combination of these avoidance measures will facilitate the creation of a robust and semi-autonomous UAV platform that may provide critical support to first responders in typical disaster remediation tasks.
Evaluation of spectrum-splitting dichroic mirrors for PV mirror tandem solar cells

Single-junction solar cells are approaching their theoretical efficiency limit, and tandem or multi-junction architectures provide a route for further increasing efficiency. However, due to high material cost, these technologies have traditionally been restricted to high concentrations with the penalty of the loss of diffuse light in outdoor applications. We propose a new tandem concept called a “PVMirror” that makes use of the global spectrum. It utilizes PV cells as a three-in-one technology—they act as a concentrating mirror, spectrum splitter, and high-efficiency light-to-electricity converter. A key element of this technology is an effective spectrum-splitting dichroic mirror, and this paper evaluates three dichroic mirror designs. Prototype PVMirrors with these mirrors and silicon heterojunction solar cells were made, and their reflection and transmission spectra confirm the spectrum-splitting capability of the dichroic mirrors. Outdoor testing shows that reflected light is successfully concentrated to a focus at which the second sub-cell in the tandem is to be located.
New York’s 'Amazon Law': Constitutional But Unwise

On its face, New York’s Amazon Law can be construed to survive constitutional scrutiny, but only if the courts reject (as they should) part of the administrative gloss which New York’s Department of Taxation and Finance (“the Department”) places on the statute. The New York statute imposes the obligation to collect New York use tax upon internet sellers only when such sellers’ in-state affiliates, by their solicitation activities, satisfy the dormant Commerce Clause nexus test of physical presence in the taxing state. Moreover, the statute operates through a rebuttable presumption which can be construed by the New York courts to satisfy the requirements of Due Process. On the other hand, much of the gloss which the Department places administratively on the Amazon Law is constitutionally infirm. The Department indicates that in-state solicitation which the out-of-state internet seller affirmatively forbids will nevertheless be imputed to the out-of-state seller to obligate the seller to collect use tax from New York purchasers. This informal administrative position improperly imputes unauthorized in-state activity to an out-of-state internet seller who prohibits such activity. There is no agency when there is no authority. As a matter of tax policy, the Amazon Law is unwise. At best, that law will raise no revenue, but will merely create one more nuisance for firms selling products into the Empire State. More likely, the new law will lose more revenue for New York than it gains by inducing out-of-state internet retailers to cancel their affiliate programs in New York. If so, New Yorkers will no longer receive commissions as Amazon affiliates and, as a result, will no longer pay state income taxes on those commissions. Amazon and other web-based sellers should be required to collect and remit the various states’ use taxes. However, rather than proceeding unilaterally, the states are better advised to pursue the difficult, but ultimately more appropriate, course of federal legislation requiring out-of-state sellers to collect use tax on behalf of the states into which they sell.
Computer assisted instruction to promote comprehension strategies in students with learning disabilities

The purpose of this study was to investigate if comprehension strategy instruction, specifically story grammar (such as plot, character, setting, and theme), conducted through the use of a computer could improve the reading comprehension of students with learning disabilities. The population included nine students with learning disabilities in the ninth grade, who scored between the third and fifth grade equivalents on the Gates-MacGinitie reading comprehension test. Students were assigned to one of three groups for the single-subject, multiple-baseline design. These three groups met in the computer lab during their assigned reading class time. A highly qualified graduate student majoring in education provided instruction throughout the intervention with the researcher overseeing the intervention and assuring fidelity of the intervention across groups. After the initial screening phase where reading level was established, students participated in a baseline phase which included students working on a computer and viewing a vocabulary page, reading a short story, and answering multiple-choice questions. The intervention phase consisted of modules which include viewing vocabulary, reading a short story, instruction on story grammar, completing a story map, and answering multiple-choice questions. At the end of the intervention, the students took the second form of the Gates-MacGinitie and were given a short survey consisting of Likert-type questions and open-ended questions regarding the ease of use and their perceptions about learning the reading strategy. A week after the intervention during the maintenance phase, three students, one from each group, will be randomly selected to repeat the baseline phase for five additional sessions. Students made little progress in the area of reading comprehension by participating in the intervention. Students did not show growth on their daily comprehension quizzes after the introduction of the intervention. Four of the six students in the intervention groups made progress on the standardized test, though this was confounded by all of the students in the baseline group also making progress. Students perceived the exercises on the computer positively. The findings suggest that working with students on the computer has a lot of potential, but needs to incorporate much more extensive teacher instruction.
Nonsusceptibility of Rats to the Entomogenous Nematode, Neoaplectana carpocapsae

Rats inoculated either per os or intraperitoneally with infective-stage juveniles of Neoaplectana carpocapsae showed no signs or symptoms of pathogenicity, toxicity, evidence of infection, or nematode-related histopathology. Blood and urine samples did not reveal nematode presence. No significant differences were noted in weight gain between treated and control animals after 36 days. Nematodes recovered in fecal samples from per os inoculated rats were virtually all dead. Those recovered from intraperitoneally-inoculated rats were usually encapsulated.
THE NON-ESSENTIALITY OF SODIUM IONS FOR INTESTINAL CALCIUM TRANSPORT.

SummaryUsing an in vitro everted duodenal preparation from the rat, an assessment was made of the essentiality of the sodium ion in calcium transport. Choline chloride completely replaced sodium chloride whereas LiCl was partially inhibitory to this system. In confirmation of other work, sodium ion was shown to be essential for glucose transport. These data would indicate that sodium ion is not an essential requirement for active calcium transport, and would tend to separate the calcium transport system from several other transport systems.
Organizing Educational Research: An Exploration

(1965). Organizing Educational Research: An Exploration. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 237-238.
The reduction of friction in long runout landslides as an emergent phenomenon

Campbell et al. (1995) modeled long runout landslides as granular flow using a soft particle code. Their model essentially simulates landslides from first principles, and although no fluid or obvious mechanism for reduction of friction is included, the model successfully reproduced many field observations of landslides (e.g., the preservation of source stratigraphy in the final slide mass and a decreasing effective friction with increasing slide volume). We extend the work of Campbell et al. (1995) with a focus on the mechanism that reduces friction in these slides. We find sliding preferentially occurs when the overburden is relieved by pressure variations in the slide. Further analysis shows that our results are very similar to the predictions of the acoustic fluidization hypothesis. Moreover, we determine that for long runout landslides the wavelength of vibrations associated with acoustic fluidization is determined by the size of the rock fragments in the slide.
Study on sperm damage caused by trichloroethylene in male rats

Objective To study in vitro sperm damage caused by trichloroethylene in male rats.Methods Sperms ofSprague-Dawley (SD) rats were collected 4 hours after being contaminated by trichloroethylene of 0,2,4,6,8,and 10 mmol/L in vitro.Giemsa staining was performed to observe the morphological changes of sperms,and flow cytometer was used to detect the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential.Results The sperm motilities in 6,8,and 10 mmol/L trichloroethylene groups decreased significantly compared with that in control group (P＜0.01); the sperm aberration rates in 8 and 10 mmol/L trichloroethylene groups were significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.01).With the increase in exposure dose,the proportion of sperms with reduced mitochondrial membrane potential increased,and there were significant differences in sperm apoptosis rate between the 4,6,8,and 10 mmol/L trichloroethylene groups and control group (P＜0.01).Conclusion In vitro exposure to trichloroethylene can reduce sperm motility and increase the aberration rate and apoptosis rate of sperms in male SD rats. Key words: trichloroethylene; sperm; mitochondria membrane potential
Roentgenographic studies of the normal human gallbladder.

SummaryCholecystographic studies on 12 healthy individuals were made in the upright position. The data so far obtained indicate that the diminution in size of the gallbladder shadow following the fatty meal may be accomplished not necessarily by evacuation but rather by selective resorption of the gallbladder content.
Breast cancer cells alter the dynamics of stromal fibronectin-collagen interactions

Breast cancer cells recruit surrounding stromal cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), to remodel their extracellular matrix (ECM) and promote invasive tumor growth. Two major ECM components, fibronectin (Fn) and collagen I (Col I), are known to interact with each other to regulate cellular behavior. In this study, we seek to understand how Fn and Col I interplay and promote a dysregulated signaling pathway to facilitate tumor progression. Specifically, we investigated the evolution of tumor-conditioned stromal ECM composition, structure, and relaxation. Furthermore, we assessed how evolving Fn-Col I interactions gradually affected pro-angiogenic signaling. Our data first indicate that CAFs initially assembled a strained, viscous, and unfolded Fn matrix. This early altered Fn matrix was later remodeled into a thick Col I-rich matrix that was characteristic of a dense tumor mass. Next, our results suggest that this ECM remodeling was primarily mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This MMP activity caused profound structural and mechanical changes in the developing ECM, which then modified vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion by CAFs and matrix sequestration. Collectively, these findings enhance our understanding of the mechanisms by which Fn and Col I synergistically interplay in promoting a sustained altered signaling cascade to remodel the breast tumor stroma for invasive breast tumor growth.
Equality, Equity, and Educational Classroom Practices

In progressing toward identifying effective K-12 educational practices, this chapter aims to distinguish the differences between equality (sameness) and equity (fairness) and call for fair and justice classroom environments. These themes are linked to the idea of shalom, and both practical and dispositional guidance are offered to Christian educators.
A fascination with fractals

Richard Taylor describes how art and science are intertwined through a shared endeavour to understand nature's chaos.
Comparison of CF and non CF FRC and LCI values measured with Exhalyzer D and InnocorTMdevices

Background: Multiple breath washout (MBW) is a lung function test that allows measurement of functional residual capacity (FRC) and lung clearance index (LCI), a marker of ventilation heterogeneity. It has previously been described that N 2 washout results in higher values for FRC and LCI compared to SF 6 using the Mass Spectrometer but this has not been assessed with the Innocor TM device. The aim of study was to compare the MBW N2 with the SF 6 Innocor TM for a) FRC, b) LCI, c) intra-test variability. Methods: 21CF (14F, median 16(range6-63)yrs)) and 10non-CF (8F, median 29(10-44)yrs) completed MBW trials with N 2 (Exhalyzer D, Ecomedics AG, Switzerland) and SF 6 (Innovision, Denmark) in random order on the same visit; methods previously described (Horsley et al. 2008, Thorax; 63,2,135-140, Jensen et al. 2013, PloS One; 8,2,e56868). Results: FRC and LCI were significantly higher with N 2 than with SF 6 in both CF (2.44L vs. 1.91L; p= 2 and SF 6 (FRCCV 2.90 vs. 2.53%,ns; LCICV 3.57 vs 3.78%,ns). CV did not relate to underlying severity: separating the results below and above the median, LCI and FRC CV were not significantly different. Conclusions: FRC and LCI values cannot be used interchangeably between the Innocor TM and Exhalyzer D. In non CF, there was a statistically significant difference in both, with higher values for N 2 . The difference was greater in CF and increased as LCI did, magnitude of the LCI did not affect the CV between tests. Both machines have similar discriminative power. Sponsored by a non-restricted grant from Novartis.
Distributional analysis applied to terminology extraction: First results in the domain of psychiatry in Spanish.

This paper presents the first results of a new method for terminology extraction based on distributional analysis. The intuition behind the algorithm is that single or multi-word lexical units that refer to specialised concepts will show a characteristic co-occurrence pattern, described as a tendency to appear in the same contexts with other conceptually related terms. E.g. the term fluoxetine will systematically appear in the same sentences with other related terms such as depression, serotonin reuptake inhibitor, obsessive–compulsive disorder and others. Of course, terms will co-occur with general vocabulary units as well, but not with a characteristic pattern as when a conceptual relation holds. Experimental evaluation of this method was conducted in a corpus of psychiatry journals from Spain and Latin America, and concluded that the results are significantly better than other methods.
Figure-of-eight suture for venous hemostasis in fully anticoagulated patients after atrial fibrillation catheter ablation.

Abstract Introduction Limited data exists for types of venous closure and its associated complications in patients after atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation. We evaluated the subcutaneous figure-of-eight closure (FO8) for achieving venous hemostasis after AF catheter ablation compared to manual pressure. Methods 284 consecutive patients that underwent AF catheter ablation by two operators were included. All patients received continuous therapeutic warfarin or interrupted novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC) and heparin (ACT300-400 s) without reversal. Patients were divided into two groups: 1) sheaths were left in place and pulled once ACT Results The MP group (n = 105) was similar to the FO8 group (n = 179). Time in bed was 573 ± 80 min for MP group vs. 373 ± 49 min for FO8 group (p Conclusions In fully anticoagulated patients undergoing AF catheter ablation, excellent hemostasis was achieved with figure-of-eight sutures, with no major vascular complications, a lower hematoma rate, and a significantly shorter flat-time-in-bed compared to manual pressure.
A Drosophila model for developmental nicotine exposure

Despite the known health risks of tobacco smoking, many people including pregnant women continue smoking. The effects of developmental nicotine exposure are known, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Drosophila melanogaster is a model organism that can be used for uncovering genetic and molecular mechanisms for drugs of abuse. Here I show that Drosophila can be a model to elucidate the mechanisms for nicotine's effects on a developing organism. Drosophila reared on nicotine food display developmental and behavioral effects similar to those in mammals including decreased survival and weight, increased developmental time, and decreased sensitivity to acute nicotine and ethanol. The Drosophila nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha 7 (Dα7) mediates some of these effects. A novel role for Dα7 on ethanol sedation in Drosophila is also shown. Future research taking advantage of the genetic and molecular tools for Drosophila will allow additional discovery of the mechanisms behind the effects of nicotine during development.
From Subhuman to Human Kind: Implicit Bias, Racial Memory, and Black Males in Schools and Society.

This paper argues that implicit racial bias regarding black males is a manifestation of a long trajectory of Western racial memory and anti-blackness where black males have been considered subhuman...
‘To Whom Say You Your Pater Noster?’: Prayer on the Eve of the Scottish Reformation

In 1551, a resident English Dominican, Richard Marshall, sparked a fierce controversy in St Andrews, Scotland, by arguing in a sermon that the Lord’s Prayer, the ‘Our Father’, should be prayed to G...
Ethnic Differences in Consumer Preference for Scented Textile Products

Determine the role of ethnicity in product evaluation of scented textiles by three ethnic female groups. Compare differences in product evaluation using the sense of smell only, appearance and touch only or a combination of smell, appearance and touch. Experimental design involving monitored product evaluations of both 12 scented and unscented textiles by females from three ethnic backgrounds. Evaluations took place under 3 conditions: smell, look/touch, and smell/look/touch. Purposive sample with quota selected sampling was used to recruit 120 female consumer subjects from a metropolitan area in Hawaii with a quota of 40 from each of three ethnic groups: Caucasian, Chinese, and Hawaiian. Ethnicity was determined by the subject’s response to an ethnicity question. Descriptive data analysis, one way ANOVA, and chi-squares were used to analyze differences in product evaluations based on ethnicity of the respondent and based on which sensory stimuli were present in the evaluation. Product evaluations varied among the ethnic groups and were affected by the types or combinations of sensory stimuli. Three main themes emerged: the influence of significant consumer decision of scented textiles' olfactory, visual and tactile, and all factors of smell, tactile, and visual.
Liberal Legality: A Unified Theory of our Law

In his new book, Lewis D. Sargentich shows how two different kinds of legal argument - rule-based reasoning and reasoning based on principles and policies - share a surprising kinship and serve the same aspiration. He starts with the study of the rule of law in life, a condition of law that serves liberty - here called liberal legality. In pursuit of liberal legality, courts work to uphold people's legal entitlements and to confer evenhanded legal justice. Judges try to achieve the control of reason in law, which is manifest in law's coherence, and to avoid forms of arbitrariness, such as personal moral judgment. Sargentich offers a unified theory of the diverse ways of doing law, and shows that they all arise from the same root, which is a commitment to liberal legality.
Ancestral TCDD Exposure Induces Multigenerational Histologic and Transcriptomic Alterations in Gonads of Male Zebrafish

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the classic aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist, is a potent environmental toxicant and endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) with known developmental toxicity in humans, rodents, and fish. Early life exposure to some EDCs, including TCDD, is linked to the occurrence of adult-onset and multigenerational disease. Previous work exposing juvenile F0 zebrafish (Danio rerio) to 50 ppt (parts per trillion) TCDD during reproductive development has shown male-mediated transgenerational decreases in fertility (F0-F2) and histologic and transcriptomic alterations in F0 testes. Here, we analyzed male germline alterations in F1 and F2 adult fish, looking for changes in testicular histology and gene expression inherited through the male lineage that could account for decreased reproductive capacity. Testes of TCDD-lineage F1 fish displayed an increase in spermatogonia (immature germ cells) and decrease in spermatozoa (mature germ cells). No histological changes were present in F2 fish. Transcriptomic analysis of exposed F1 and F2 testes revealed alterations in lipid and glucose metabolism, oxidation, xenobiotic response, and sperm cell development and maintenance genes, all of which are implicated in fertility outcomes. Overall, we found that differential expression of reproductive genes and reduced capacity of sperm cells to mature could account for the reproductive defects previously seen in TCDD-exposed male zebrafish and their descendants, providing insight into the distinct multigenerational effects of toxicant exposure.
Extensor Tendon Injuries

Extensor tendon injuries are very common in household and industrial accidents. It is important to understand the zones of injury, resulting deformities, as well as possible treatment options.
Questionnaires and Rating Scales

Sleep questionnaires and rating scales are useful tools to assist the novice or experienced clinician screen for a variety of sleep disorders. They assist in making a quick and accurate assessment of different aspects of sleep. Some scales are valuable in tracking a patient's progress. This article gives an overview of the currently available questionnaires but is not meant to be all inclusive.
What Should be the Foundations of Peace Education

We all approach peace education out of our own personal experience. If we are to empower our students to understand and cope with threats to peace across national and cultural borders, we must understand the challenges encountered by our colleagues in other nations and cultures and how they are coping with these challenges.
Physiological Studies on N2-Fixing Azolla

Azolla, a genus of heterosporous aquatic ferns generally included in the Salviniaceae, is widely distributed in tropical and temperate fresh-water ecosystems. Members of the genus are capable of growth in environments deficient in combined nitrogen since they invariably contain an N2-fixing cyanophyte which can provide their total N requirements. The current interest and potential of these N2-fixing associations as an alternative N source in rice culture, as well as their long time usage for this purpose in the Far East, is well documented (Moore, 1969; Tuan and Thuyet, 1979; Liu, 1979; Singh, 1979; Rains and Talley, 1979; Talley and Rains, 1980; Watanabe et al., 1977).