cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Managing Stoke: Crowding, Conflicts, and Coping Among Virginia Beach Surfers

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The popularity of the sport of surfing has created challenges for managers in the U.S. and Australia, where surfing has been popular for many decades. The high number of surfers in many coastal urban areas results in crowded surf breaks, which can lead to injuries, conflicts and dissatisfaction for surfers, many of whom dislike crowds. However, managers often relegate surfers to limited areas of the beach in order to accommodate tourists during the peak summer season. There is limited empirical research on the impact of these regulations on surfers’ experiences. Crowding, conflict, and coping strategies have been studied extensively in the outdoor recreation field; however, research is lacking on surfers as a user group. This study aims to fill those gaps. Virginia Beach is a major mass tourism destination but also draws a significant number of surfers throughout the year. The purpose of this study is to examine crowding, conflicts and coping strategies among surfers at Virginia Beach. This study provides important insights into surfers’ experiences during the peak summer season in Virginia Beach (N = 407). Analyses include frequencies and ANOVA. Results indicated that surfers in two main designated surfing areas (DSAs) perceived significantly higher levels of crowding than surfers in other areas. These two DSAs also had significantly higher levels of risks and conflicts than other areas. The main coping strategies surfers used to avoid conflict included surfing at different times (e.g., before or after the regulations went into effect, or when red flags were flown) and surfing places other than Virginia Beach’s oceanfront, such as Sandbridge or the Outer Banks of North Carolina. Results from this study could inform beach management decision-making. Recommendations include the designation of additional surfing areas by the City of Virginia Beach, or the expansion of existing DSAs in order to accommodate a larger number of surfers. While risks and conflicts were higher in the two main DSAs, the level of occurrence was not high. Therefore, the minor modifications suggested could address current problems and prevent higher levels of risks and conflicts in the future. Subscribe to JPRA
The Warp and Weft of Information Literacy: Changing Contexts, Enduring Challenges

In this personal exploration of information literacy instruction at one institution, I look back at three decades of my involvement with pedagogy and how our local practices have reflected national conversations about the field. Anxiety about the identity and purpose of academic libraries in higher education has shaped the ways we have conceptualized and argued for the value of IL, yet in spite of spirited efforts to reformulate our purpose, many of the challenges we face have consistently resisted solutions.
Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Pancreaticoduodenectomy: a NSQIP Analysis

An increasing body of literature is supporting the safety of minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy compared to open pancreaticoduodenectomy, but there are limited comparative studies between laparoscopic and robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of postoperative 30-day overall complications between laparoscopic and robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy. Patients who underwent laparoscopic and robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy were abstracted from the 2014–2015 pancreas-targeted American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. A multivariable logistic regression model was developed to determine if the type of minimally invasive approach was associated with 30-day overall complications. We identified 428 minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy cases, of which 235 (55%) were performed laparoscopically and 193 (45%) robotically. Patients who underwent the robotic approach were more likely to be white compared to those who underwent the laparoscopic approach and were less likely to have pulmonary disease, undergo preoperative radiotherapy, and have vascular and multivisceral resection. On multivariable analysis, we found that the type of minimally invasive approach, whether laparoscopic or robotic, was not associated with overall complications. The predictors of 30-day overall complications were higher body mass index (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.09), vascular resection (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.23–3.58), and longer operative time (OR, 1.002; 95% CI, 1.001–1.004). Robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy was associated with a similar 30-day overall complication rate to laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy. Further studies are needed to corroborate these findings and to establish the best approach to perform this complex operation.
pSM155 and pSM30 Vectors for miRNA and shRNA Expression

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have key roles in diverse regulatory pathways, including control of developmental timing, cell differentiation, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and organ development. miRNAs regulate gene function through a process termed RNA interference (RNAi), which is a highly conserved intracellular mechanism that regulates posttranscriptional gene silencing. RNAi is triggered by double-stranded small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which can be processed from small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) generated from an expression vector. In some recently described vectors, the siRNAs are expressed from synthetic stem-loop precursors of microRNAs (miRNAs) driven by polymerase II promoters. We have reported new RNAi vectors, designated pSM155 and pSM30, that take into consideration miRNA processing and RNA splicing by placing the miRNA-based artificial miRNA expression cassettes inside of synthetic introns. Like the original miRNA vectors, these pSM155 and pSM30 constructs can efficiently downregulate the expression of their target genes. Moreover, the expression of a coexpressed fluorescent marker, EGFP, is substantially improved by this new design. The new vectors can also be used to express natural miRNAs and label cells expressing these miRNAs. These RNAi vectors thus provide new tools for gene suppression and miRNA expression. We describe in this chapter the protocols for selecting and cloning artificial and natural miRNAs (or shRNAs), evaluating their efficiency in downregulating gene expression, and also discuss the potential applications of these vectors.
The Shoah, Czech comics and Drda/Mazal’s “The Enormous Disc of the Sun”

Appearing fitfully in a handful of works, the theme of the Holocaust remains rare in Czech comics. This essay examines the Czech and Slovak historical responses to the Shoah in the post-war era, th...
The European working time directive: the final countdown

Lynn Eaton takes a look at what9s happening on the ground as D-Day, 1 August 2004, approaches
Controlling the shapes and sizes of metallic nanoantennas for detection of biological molecules using hybridization phase of plasmon resonances and photonic lattice modes

Chemical sensing based on Localized Surface Plasmonic Resonances (LSPR) and the ultra-sharp optical features of surface lattice resonances (SLR) of arrays of metallic nanoantennas have attracted much attention. Recently we studied biosensing based on the transition between LSPR and SLR (hybridization phase), demonstrating significantly higher refractive index sensitivity than each of these resonances individually. In this contribution we study the impact of size and shape of the metallic nanoantennas on the hybridization process and the way they influence application of this process for biosensing, wherein miniscule variation of the refractive index of the environment leads to dramatic changes in the spectral properties of the arrays.
Effects of 2 years of caloric restriction on oxidative status assessed by urinary F2-isoprostanes: The CALERIE 2 randomized clinical trial.

Summary Calorie restriction (CR) without malnutrition slows aging in animal models. Oxidative stress reduction was proposed to mediate CR effects. CR effect on urinary F2-isoprostanes, validated oxidative stress markers, was assessed in CALERIE, a two-year randomized controlled trial. Healthy volunteers (n = 218) were randomized to prescribed 25% CR (n = 143) or ad libitum control (AL, n = 75) stratifying the randomization schedule by site, sex, and BMI. F2-isoprostanes were quantified using LC-MS/MS in morning, fasted urine specimens at baseline, at 12 and 24 months. The primary measure of oxidative status was creatinine-adjusted 2,3-dinor-iPF(2α)-III concentration, additional measured included iPF(2α)-III, iPF2a-VI, and 8,12-iso-iPF2a-VI. Intention-to-treat analyses assessed change in 2,3-dinor-iPF(2α)-III using mixed models assessing treatment, time, and treatment-by-time interaction effects, adjusted for blocking variables and baseline F2-isoprostane value. Exploratory analyses examined changes in iPF(2α)-III, iPF(2α)-VI, and 8,12-iso-iPF(2α)-VI. A factor analysis used aggregate information on F2-isoprostane values. In CR group, 2,3-dinor-iPF(2α)-III concentrations were reduced from baseline by 17% and 13% at 12 and 24 months, respectively; these changes were significantly different from AL group (p < .01). CR reduced iPF(2α)-III concentrations by 20% and 27% at 12 and 24 months, respectively (p < .05). The effects were weaker on the VI-species. CR caused statistically significant reduction in isoprostane factor at both time points, and mean (se) changes were −0.36 (0.06) and −0.31 (0.06). No significant changes in isoprostane factor were at either time point in AL group (p < .01 between-group difference). We conclude that two-year CR intervention in healthy, nonobese men and women reduced whole body oxidative stress as assessed by urinary concentrations of F2-isoprostanes.
Efficacy of Subthreshold Newborn Phototherapy During the Birth Hospitalization in Preventing Readmission for Phototherapy.

Importance Treatment of jaundiced newborns with subthreshold phototherapy (phototherapy given to newborns with bilirubin levels below those recommended in American Academy of Pediatrics [AAP] guidelines) is common. However, the use of subthreshold phototherapy may have risks and increase costs, and, to date, it has not been systematically studied in newborns. Objectives To estimate the efficacy of subthreshold phototherapy for newborns with total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels from 0.1 to 3.0 mg/dL below the appropriate AAP phototherapy threshold during the birth hospitalization in preventing readmissions for phototherapy, and to identify predictors of readmission for phototherapy. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cohort study of 25 895 newborns born at 35 or more weeks’ gestation, born in 1 of 16 Kaiser Permanente Northern California hospitals from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2014, with at least 1 TSB level from 0.1 to 3.0 mg/dL below the appropriate AAP phototherapy threshold and not exceeding the threshold during the birth hospitalization. Data were analyzed from November 1, 2015, to November 28, 2017. Exposure Subthreshold phototherapy during the birth hospitalization. Main Outcomes and Measures Readmission for phototherapy. Results Among 25 895 newborns with qualifying TSB levels from 0.1 to 3.0 mg/dL below the appropriate AAP phototherapy threshold, 4956 (19.1%) received subthreshold phototherapy and 241 of these (4.9%) were readmitted for phototherapy compared with 2690 of 20 939 untreated newborns (12.8%) (unadjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% CI, 0.30-0.40). In a logistic regression model, adjustment for confounding variables, including gestational age, race/ethnicity, formula feedings per day, and the difference between the TSB level and the phototherapy threshold, strengthened the association (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.19-0.40). Estimated numbers needed to treat ranged from 60.8 in the lowest quintile of predicted risk to 6.3 in the highest quintile. Newborns who received formula feedings had lower adjusted odds of readmission for phototherapy compared with exclusively breastfed newborns (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.47-0.72 for >0 to Conclusions and Relevance Subthreshold phototherapy during the birth hospitalization is effective in preventing readmissions for phototherapy; however, for each readmission prevented, many newborns require phototherapy who would otherwise not need it.
Theory and practice of electron diffraction from single atoms and extended objects using an EMPAD

What does the diffraction pattern from a single atom look like? How does it differ from the scattering from long-range potential? With the development of new high-dynamic range pixel array detectors to measure the complete momentum distribution, these questions have immediate relevance for designing and understanding momentum-resolved imaging modes. We explore the asymptotic limits of long-range and short-range potentials. We use a simple quantum mechanical model to explain the general and asymptotic limits for the probability distribution in both real and reciprocal space. Features in the scattering potential much larger than the probe size cause the bright field (BF) disk to deflect uniformly, while features much smaller than the probe size, instead of a deflection, cause a redistribution of intensity within the BF disk. Because long-range and short-range features are encoded differently in the diffraction pattern, it is possible to separate their contributions in differential phase-contrast (DPC) or center-of-mass (CoM) imaging. The shape profiles for atomic resolution CoM imaging are dominated by the shape of the probe gradient and not the highly singular atomic potentials or their local fields. Instead, only the peak height shows an atomic number sensitivity, whose precise dependence is determined by the convergence angle. At lower convergence angles, the contrast oscillates with increasing atomic number, similar to BF imaging. The range of collection angles impacts DPC and CoM imaging differently, with CoM being more sensitive to the upper cutoff limit, while DPC is more sensitive to the lower cutoff.
Ion Bombardment Effects on Material Composition

Publisher Summary As a microscopically violent and nonequilibrium process, ion implantation has the capability of producing materials with compositions and structures unattainable by conventional metallurgical means. Therefore, in addition to semiconductor device fabrication, there is a growing interest of using ion implantation as a potential method of producing materials with interesting new physical properties. This chapter discusses ion bombardment, atomic mixing and sputtering, sputtering-induced surface-layer composition changes, composition depth profiles in sputtered PtSi samples, a phenomenological model for the sputtering of PtSi, and a high-dose ion implantation. Sputtering is the removal of material from a target as a result of bombardment of energetic particles. It is widely used for surface cleaning, material sectioning, and thin-film deposition. Sputtering by inert-gas ions generally induces composition changes in alloys and compounds. Based on these results, the maximum attainable concentrations for high-dose ion implantation can be predicted.
Mechanistic Lessons from Structural Studies of the Pectate Lyases

Pectate lyases are depolymerizing enzymes that degrade plant cell walls, causing tissue maceration and death. The laboratory has been engaged in structural studies of several members of the pectate lyase superfamily. Most effort has been focused on Erwinia chrysanthemi pectate lyase C (PelC). There is now an accumulation of data that supports a detailed description of the enzymatic mechanism. The data include structural studies of native PelC, PelC-Ca2+ complexes, and an inactive PelC mutant complexed with an oligogalacturonic acid fragment. The structural studies have been supported by amino acid sequence alignments, site-specific mutagenesis experiments, kinetic studies at various pHs, and deuterium labeling studies. Together, the data implicate an invariant arginine as the amino acid that initiates proton abstraction in the β-elimination cleavage of pectate. The data suggest several potential sources of the proton donated to the scissile glycosidic bond to complete the reaction, but do not provide sufficient evidence for any particular one. An overview of the research and its implications for other members of the pectate lyase superfamily are presented.
Mining console logs for large-scale system problem detection

The console logs generated by an application contain messages that the application developers believed would be useful in debugging or monitoring the application. Despite the ubiquity and large size of these logs, they are rarely exploited in a systematic way for monitoring and debugging because they are not readily machine-parsable. In this paper, we propose a novel method for mining this rich source of information. First, we combine log parsing and text mining with source code analysis to extract structure from the console logs. Second, we extract features from the structured information in order to detect anomalous patterns in the logs using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Finally, we use a decision tree to distill the results of PCA-based anomaly detection to a format readily understandable by domain experts (e.g. system operators) who need not be familiar with the anomaly detection algorithms. As a case study, we distill over one million lines of console logs from the Hadoop file system to a simple decision tree that a domain expert can readily understand; the process requires no operator intervention and we detect a large portion of runtime anomalies that are commonly overlooked.
Cobalt Proteases: Implications of Absorption and Circular Dichroism Spectra for Catalysis

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses implications of absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectra for analysis. Preliminary spectra of cobalt neutral protease are similar to those of cobalt carboxypeptidase, except that the signs of the CD bands are opposite. The similarity of spectral patterns among these cobalt proteases, and those of cobalt alkaline phosphatase and the alkaline spectrum of cobalt carbonic anhydrase , could have functional implications for the metal within each group; cobalt spectra might be a characteristic feature of the catalytic process in different metalloenzymes. Thus, like the chemical reactives of enzymes, the physical properties of appropriate metalloenzymes may constitute an apparent link between their chemical and functional properties. The essentiality of metal atoms to the function of metalloenzymes has clearly been shown by the loss of catalytic activity consequent to their removal. Metal atoms may restore activity on combining with specific ligands of such inactive apoenzymes and can, thus, be viewed as active site reagents.
The effect of socioeconomic factors on the outcome of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

465Background: To investigate the impact of socioeconomic factors on overall survival (OS) for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) at an inner-city tertiary care hospital. Methods: ...
General Approach to the Construction of Measures of Fuzziness of Fuzzy K-Partitions

One of the most important characterizations of fuzzy partitions is the amount of their fuzziness. This paper proposes an axiomatic framework for measures of fuzziness of nonhierarchical fuzzy partitions. Mathematical conditions for measures of fuzziness are discussed and a way of measuring fuzziness in terms of dissimilarity between a fuzzy partition and its complement is presented.
Further understanding of glioma mechanisms of pathogenesis: implications for therapeutic development

Introduction: Recent discoveries in the molecular makeup of gliomas, the relationship of certain molecular drivers, and the patient's response to therapy and overall prognosis have resulted in a paradigm shift and redefined our understanding of glioma and revealed potential vulnerabilities within this recalcitrant and lethal disease.Areas covered: We summarize the current classification of malignant glioma in the context of the historical background, current data-driven treatment strategies, and recent discoveries of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of this disease which recapitulates the developing brain. We describe the relationship to common genetic alterations found in glioma, and possible avenues to exploit these newly revealed mechanisms.Expert opinion: Improved understanding of the molecular underpinnings of this disease has been directly translated into treatment decisions and an improved ability to counsel patients regarding their prognosis. We are beginning to see the first glimmer of a return on the investment in regard to immunotherapy in malignant glioma, with further anticipated successful exploitations of the unique pathophysiology of glioma.
Can psychological factors be associated with the severity of pain and disability in patients with fibromyalgia? A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Psychological processes can play an important role in the expression and clinical impact of fibromyalgia.Objective: To investigate the association between the severity of pain and dis...
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Shocks While Walking Around the Shopping Mall

A 78 year old woman with a dual chamber ICD presented to the emergency department with multiple shocks while walking around the shopping mall. Interrogation of the ICD with careful evaluation of the electrograms and device measurements allowed a quick diagnosis and therapeutic plan for this patient.
Revanchist Kigali: Retro-Victorian Urbanism and the Gentrification of a Twenty-First-Century Metropolis

Since the turn of the twenty-first century, residents in cities throughout the Global South have experienced a wave of neighborhood destruction and displacement. These conditions have renewed a debate in urban theory over the status of gentrification as a concept and its applicability outside of North America and Western Europe. Some theorists suggest that gentrification refers to precise economic processes—real estate cycles of divestment and reinvestment—that are particular to post-industrial cities with specific histories of urban flight and return. Others argue that gentrification is useful in understanding both the processes and the politics of eviction in cities outside of post-industrial cores. In this contribution to Gentrification Around the World, I engage with this debate, but also seek to push it beyond the question of whether or not gentrification is a stable category that can be empirically confirmed everywhere. I investigate what I call “retro-Victorian urbanism” by exploring eviction, destruction of urban space, and the narratives that justify displacement in contemporary Kigali, Rwanda. I argue that in Kigali, and many cities like it, gentrification does not begin with the production of space for more affluent uses, but the ruination of thriving built environments as a setup for elite renewal.
Mechanical approaches to dynamic, reversible mechanochromism based on thin film interference

Abstract Mechanochromic materials have received considerable attentions due to their potential applications in structural health monitoring, finger printing, stretchable electronics, and soft robotics. Herein we present a new strategy for polymeric mechanochromism by synergistic integration of mechanical engineering with thin film interference. This new strategy enables scalable and affordable manufacturing of mechanochromic polymeric systems that exhibit dynamically reversible mechanochromic properties with high sensitivity to smaller strains (0–60%) without the requirement of external ultraviolet light sources. We show that the mechanicanochromic properties can be tailored by using different mechanical approaches. In our kirigami approach via cutting, the coupling of buckling-induced kirigami and viewing angle-dependent interference color leads to unique anisotropic, load direction-dependent mechanochromism. In our tunable reflectivity shield approach via cracking, the polymer-metal bilayer film is used as a mechanically tunable shield to program its interference reflection color intensity and the visibility of the underlying dyed elastomeric substrate layer. The coupling of strain-dependent polymer-metal cracking and tunable reflection and transmission of the interference coloration film yields isotropic, load direction-independent mechanochromism.
Rabies virus-based COVID-19 vaccine CORAVAX™ induces high levels of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2

The recently emerged coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, is rapidly spreading in the world. The exponentially expanding threat of SARS-CoV-2 to global health highlights the urgent need for a vaccine. Herein we show the rapid development of a novel, highly efficient, and safe COVID-19 vaccine using a rabies virus-based vector that has proven to be an efficient vaccine against several emerging infectious diseases. This study reports that both a live and an inactivated rabies virus containing the SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 protein induces potent virus-neutralizing antibodies at much higher levels than seen in the sera of convalescent patients. In summary, the results provided here warrant further development of this safe and established vaccine platform against COVID-19.
Abnormal center of mass control during balance: a new biomarker of falls in people with Parkinson’s disease

Although Parkinson disease (PD) causes profound balance impairments, we know very little about how PD impacts the sensorimotor networks we rely on for automatically maintaining balance control. In young healthy people and animals, muscles are activated in a precise temporal and spatial organization when the center of body mass (CoM) is unexpectedly moved. This organization is largely automatic and determined by feedback of CoM motion. Here, we show that PD alters the sensitivity of the sensorimotor feedback transformation. Importantly, sensorimotor feedback transformations for balance in PD remain temporally precise, but become spatially diffuse by recruiting additional muscle activity in antagonist muscles during balance responses. The abnormal antagonist muscle activity remains precisely time-locked to sensorimotor feedback signals encoding undesirable motion of the body in space. Further, among people with PD, the sensitivity of abnormal antagonist muscle activity to CoM motion varies directly with the number of recent falls. Our work shows that in people with PD, sensorimotor feedback transformations for balance are intact but disinhibited in antagonist muscles, likely contributing to balance deficits and falls.
Test-and-treat coverage and HIV virulence evolution among men who have sex with men

HIV set point viral load (SPVL), the viral load established shortly after initial infection, is a proxy for HIV virulence: higher SPVLs lead to higher risk of transmission and faster disease progression. Three models of test-and-treat scenarios, mainly in heterosexual populations, found that increasing treatment coverage selected for more virulent viruses. We modeled virulence evolution in a population of men who have sex with men (MSM) with increasing test-and-treat coverage. We extended a stochastic, dynamic network model (EvoNetHIV). We varied relationship patterns (MSM vs. heterosexual), HIV transmission models (increasing vs. plateauing probability of transmission at very high viral loads), and treatment roll-out (with explicit testing or fixed intervals between infection and treatment). In scenarios most similar to previous models (longer relational durations and the plateauing transmission function), we replicated trends previously found: increasing treatment coverage led to increased virulence (0.12 log10 increase in mean population SPVL between 20% and 100% treatment coverage). In scenarios reflecting MSM behavioral data using the increasing transmission function, increasing treatment coverage selected for viruses with lower virulence (0.16 log10 decrease in mean population SPVL between 20% and 100% treatment coverage). These findings emphasize the impact of sexual network conditions and transmission function details on predicted epidemiological and evolutionary outcomes. Varying these features creates very different evolutionary environments, which in turn lead to opposite effects in mean population SPVL evolution. Our results suggest that, under some realistic conditions, effective test-and-treat strategies may not face the previously reported tradeoff in which increasing coverage leads to evolution of greater virulence. This suggests instead that a virtuous cycle of increasing treatment coverage and diminishing virulence is possible.
Interfacing photonics with artificial intelligence: an innovative design strategy for photonic structures and devices based on artificial neural networks

Over the past decades, photonics has transformed many areas in both fundamental research and practical applications. In particular, we can manipulate light in a desired and prescribed manner by rationally designed subwavelength structures. However, constructing complex photonic structures and devices is still a time-consuming process, even for experienced researchers. As a subset of artificial intelligence, artificial neural networks serve as one potential solution to bypass the complicated design process, enabling us to directly predict the optical responses of photonic structures or perform the inverse design with high efficiency and accuracy. In this review, we will introduce several commonly used neural networks and highlight their applications in the design process of various optical structures and devices, particularly those in recent experimental works. We will also comment on the future directions to inspire researchers from different disciplines to collectively advance this emerging research field.
Radiation Oncologists' Views on Breast Radiation Therapy Guidelines: Utilizing an Online Q&A Platform to Assess Current Views on Whole-Breast Irradiation Therapy.

Abstract Introduction Poor adherence to the 2011 American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) evidence-based guideline on whole-breast irradiation (WBI) has been reported. We utilized theMednet to assess the views of the updated 2018 guideline among radiation oncologists (ROs). Methods We identified 11 questions asked by community ROs on theMednet, a web-based platform, between October 27, 2014 and May 2, 2017 that were updated in the 2018 guideline. New answers provided by senior authors of the 2018 guideline, cited guidelines, and polls to survey ROs were disseminated in 3 theMednet's newsletters between March 16, 2018 and May 1, 2018. Any question with less than 60% consensus was resubmitted on October 9, 2019 and assessed on February 13, 2020. Results A total of 792 ROs responded to the initial surveys. In each survey, the answer choice(s) that received the majority of the votes aligned with the 2018 guideline. The strongest consensus was for the use of hypofractionated (HF)-WBI regardless of histology (97%), followed by HF-WBI boost dose (92%), molecular subtype (90%), grade (88%), and concurrent use of trastuzumab (87%). The least consensus was for age at which HF-WBI should be offered with 53% of respondents, specifically 73% of academic ROs versus 47% of community ROs (P = .001), agreeing with the guideline. The re-submitted survey 19 months later showed 77% of 287 new respondents now agreed with the guideline regarding age. Conclusion The majority of ROs concur with the 2018 WBI guideline in theMednet surveys, with better agreement among academic ROs than community ROs for certain components of the guideline. Further research into the different practice patterns may optimize patient care.
Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress in Transitional-Age Youth

The common occurrence of trauma-related mental illnesses in transitional age youth (TAY) deserves special focus both in terms of context and treatment options. This chapter will discuss the prevalence and consequences of trauma in TAY, which can range from brief acute reactions to chronic disabling conditions. Considerations for psychotherapeutic and pharmacological interventions for this age group will be discussed. Treatments generally involve psychotherapy, and there are a number of evidence-based ones to choose from, though most originated for use with adolescents or adults. Further research is needed to determine adaptability for TAY. Pharmacologic options can support patients through symptom targeting and remission, particularly in combination with psychotherapy. Finally, special considerations and challenges in trauma intervention with this age group will be discussed.
Study on the B Cell Linear Epitopes of Rabies Virus CVS-11 Nucleoprotein

To study the B cell linear epitopes of rabies virus CVS-11nucleoprotein,peptides were synthesized according to the amino acid sequences of B cell linear epitopes.Linear epitopes predicted by bioinformatics analysis were evaluated with immunological techniques.Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that titers of antibodies to peptides(355~369and 385~400residues of rabies virus CVS-11 nucleoprotein)were above 1:12 800in mouse sera.The antibodies recognized denatured rabies virus CVS-11nucleoprotein in Western blot analysis.Purified anti-peptide antibodies recognized natural rabies virus CVS-11nucleoprotein in BHK-21cells in indirect fluorescent antibody test.The 355~369and 385~400 residues of rabies virus CVS-11nucleoprotein were validated as B cell linear epitopes.
Online Shopping: The Growth

In the upcoming years, e-commerce is expected to boom in the Asian region. The number of digital buyers in Asia Pacific is projected to pass the one billion mark for the first time in 2018, which will account for 60 percent of all internet users in the region. In line with the regional growth, India, a fast-growing emerging Asian market, shows optimistic projections for the e-commerce industry. The internet has become a preferred place for the shoppers to carry their businesses. The number of shoppers and the volume of business continue to surge. E-Shopping: The act of purchasing products or services over the Internet. Online shopping has grown in popularity over the years, mainly because people find it convenient and easy to bargain shop from the comfort of their home or office. One of the most enticing factor about online shopping, particularly during a holiday season, is it alleviates the need to wait in long lines or search from store to store for a particular item. Online contracts are classified as distance contracts, which means that the trader (service provider, seller) and the consumer (natural person who is acting for purposes which are outside his trade, business or profession), in lack of their simultaneous, actual and physical presence enter into contract not by meeting in person (e.g. in commercial premises, market, open-air market, via trade agent etc.), but only in an electronic way.
Stark-Lorentz profiles of spectral lines of atoms and polar molecules in magnetized turbulent plasmas: analytical results

We present analytical results for spectral line profiles of atoms and polar molecules in magnetized turbulent plasmas for the situation where the ion microfield is much smaller than both the field of the Low-frequency Electrostatic Turbulence (LET), developed along the magnetic field B, and the Lorentz field Bv/c. This situation arises, e.g., in magnetic fusion devices, solar plasmas, and white dwarfs plasmas. We obtain explicit analytical results for the line profiles in the universal form valid for any ratio p of the field of the LET and the Lorentz field and for any detuning from the unperturbed position of the spectral line. We find that the dependence of the line intensity on the ratio p at a fixed detuning is non-monotonic: as this ratio increases, the line intensity first increases, then reaches a maximum, and then decreases. For hydrogenic atoms or ions, we also provide the corresponding theoretical Stark-Lorentz profiles for the Lyman-beta, Lyman-delta, and Balmer-beta lines. From an experimental profile of the spectral line of an atom, an ion, or a polar molecule, the employment of our analytical results for the line profiles allows determining both the root-mean-square field $$F_{0}$$ of the LET and the product $${\textit{BT}}^{1/2}$$ , where B is the magnetic field and T is the temperature.
Impact of Uber Acquisition of Postmates on Social Welfare

This paper investigates the effect of acquisition in markets with network effects. Using a novel dataset that has information available on Uber and Postmates websites before and after the merger, I look at the impact of Uber's acquisition of Postmates on the quality and price of service provided to the consumers. We use the Difference in Differences approach to quantify the acquisition's effect on delivery fee and delivery time. The analysis shows that the acquisition had a statistically significant impact on the delivery fee and the delivery time for consumers on the two platforms. The difference between product's quality (the food delivery in this case) across the two platforms was also affected by the acquisition.
The correlation Between anal pap cytology and histologic outcomes in HIV-Positive males

Abstract Background Anal intraepithelial neoplasia is a precursor to anal carcinoma. The use of anal pap cytology has been accepted as a screening method for anal carcinoma, however sensitivity and specificity vary. Materials and methods Retrospective cohort study involving 155 HIV-positive males with abnormal anal cytology and surgical resection. Results 155 patients met inclusion criteria. 31.6% were diagnosed with atypical cytology, 61.9% with low-grade cytology, and 6.4% with high-grade cytology. At surgery, 19.4% were diagnosed with condylomata, 34.8% with anal intraepithelial neoplasia 1, 17.4% with anal intraepithelial neoplasia 2, 27.1% with anal intraepithelial neoplasia 3 and 1.3% with anal carcinoma. There was a positive correlation between high-grade anal cytology and high-grade histology (r = 0.27; p = 0.0008). Comparison of risk factors showed no significant association. Conclusion Anal cytology has a significant correlation with surgical histology. There were still instances of high-grade lesions being found after low-grade cytology. This highlights the necessity of patients with low-grade cytology undergoing anoscopic evaluation.
Phase Spectrometry For High Precision mm-Wave DoA Estimation In 5G Systems

In this paper, we introduce a direction of arrival (DoA) estimation method based on a technique named phase spectrometry (PS) that is mainly suitable for mm-Wave and Tera-hertz applications as an alternative for DoA estimation using antenna arrays. PS is a conventional technique in optics to measure phase difference between two waves at different frequencies of the spectrum. Here we adapt PS for the same purpose in the radio frequency band. We show that we can emulate a large array exploiting only two antennas. To this end, we measure phase difference between the two antennas for different frequencies using PS. Consequently, we demonstrate that we can radically reduce the complexity of the receiver required for DoA estimation employing PS. We consider two different schemes for implementation of PS: via a long wave-guide and frequency code-book. We show that using a frequency code-book, higher processing gain can be achieved. Moreover, we introduce three PS architectures: for device to device DoA estimation, for base-station in uplink scenario and an ultra-fast DoA estimation technique mainly for radar and aerial and satellite communications. Simulation and analytical results show that, PS is capable of detecting and discriminating between multiple incoming signals with different DoAs. Moreover, our results also show that, the angular resolution of PS depends on the distance between the two antennas and the band-width of the frequency code-book. Finally, the performance of PS is compared with a uniform linear array (ULA) and it is shown that PS can perform the same, with a much less complex receiver, and without the prerequisite of spatial search for DoA estimation.
Normative PROMIS Scores in Healthy Collegiate Athletes: Establishing a Target for Return to Function in the Young Adult Athlete.

Background:The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) computer-adaptive testing (CAT) has been shown to be a valid and reliable means of assessing patient-reported outcom...
Why It's OK to Speak Your Mind

Political protests, debates on college campuses, and social media tirades make it seem like everyone is speaking their minds today. Surveys, however, reveal that many people increasingly feel like they’re walking on eggshells when communicating in public. Speaking your mind can risk relationships and professional opportunities. It can alienate friends and anger colleagues. Isn’t it smarter to just put your head down and keep quiet about controversial topics? In this book, Hrishikesh Joshi offers a novel defense of speaking your mind. He explains that because we are social creatures, we never truly think alone. What we know depends on what our community knows. And by bringing our unique perspectives to bear upon public discourse, we enhance our collective ability to reach the truth on a variety of important matters. Speaking your mind is also important for your own sake. It is essential for developing your own thinking. And it’s a core aspect of being intellectually courageous and independent. Joshi argues that such independence is a crucial part of a well-lived life. The book draws from Aristotle, John Stuart Mill, Friedrich Nietzsche, Bertrand Russell, and a range of contemporary thinkers to argue that it’s OK to speak your mind. Key Features Shows that we have not just a right but a moral duty to publicly share what we know. Argues that discussing your unique ideas with others is essential for developing as a critical thinker. Explores the value of intellectual honesty and independence in the writings of John Stuart Mill and Friedrich Nietzsche and connects their thinking to contemporary problems. Argues that avoiding cultural blind spots today is important for the fate of future generations.
Patient Throughput Initiatives in Ambulatory Care Organizations during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

Background and objectives: Ambulatory (outpatient) health care organizations continue to respond to the COVID-19 global pandemic using an array of initiatives to provide a continuity of care for both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. The purpose of this study is to systematically identify the facilitators and barriers experienced by outpatient health care organizations in an effort to maintain effective and efficient patient throughput during the pandemic. Materials and methods: This study systematically reviewed articles focused on initiatives taken by ambulatory care organizations to maintain optimal outpatient throughput levels while balancing pandemic precautions, published during 2020. Results: Among the 30 articles that met the inclusion criteria, three initiatives healthcare organizations have taken to maintain throughput were identified: the use (and enhanced use) of telehealth, protocol development, and health care provider training. The research team also identified three barriers to patient throughput: lack of telehealth, lack of resources, and overall lack of knowledge. Conclusions: To maintain patient throughput during the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare organizations need to develop strategies such as the use of virtual consultation and follow-up, new guidelines to move patients along the care delivery value-chain, and ongoing training of providers. Additionally, the availability of required technology for telehealth, availability of resources, and adequate knowledge are vital for continuous patient throughput to ensure continuity of care during a pandemic.
Synthesis and characterization of bulk Nd 1 -x Sr x Ni O 2 and Nd 1 -x Sr x Ni O 3

The recent reports of superconductivity in Nd1-x Sr x NiO2/SrTiO3 heterostructures have reinvigorated interest in potential superconductivity of low-oxidation state nickelates. Synthesis of Ni1+-containing compounds is notoriously difficult. In the current work, a combined sol-gel combustion and high-pressure annealing technique was employed to prepare polycrystalline perovskite Nd1-x Sr x NiO3 (x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2). Metal nitrates and metal acetates were used as starting materials, and the latter were found to be superior to the former in terms of safety and reactivity. The Nd1-x Sr x NiO3 compounds were subsequently reduced to Nd1-x Sr x NiO2 using calcium hydride in a sealed, evacuated quartz tube. To understand the synthesis pathway, the evolution from NdNiO3 to NdNiO2 was monitored using in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction during the reduction process. Electrical transport properties were consistent with an insulator-metal transition occurring between x = 0 and 0.1 for Nd1-x Sr x NiO3. Superconductivity was not observed in our bulk samples of Nd1-x Sr x NiO2. Neutron diffraction experiments at 3 and 300 K were performed on Nd0.9Sr0.1NiO2, in which no magnetic Bragg reflections were observed, and the results of structural Rietveld refinement are provided.
When Too Much ATP Is Bad for Protein Synthesis.

Abstract Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of living cells. Even though ATP powers virtually all energy-dependent activities, most cellular ATP is utilized in protein synthesis via tRNA aminoacylation and guanosine triphosphate regeneration. Magnesium (Mg 2 + ), the most common divalent cation in living cells, plays crucial roles in protein synthesis by maintaining the structure of ribosomes, participating in the biochemistry of translation initiation and functioning as a counterion for ATP. A non-physiological increase in ATP levels hinders growth in cells experiencing Mg 2 + limitation because ATP is the most abundant nucleotide triphosphate in the cell, and Mg 2 + is also required for the stabilization of the cytoplasmic membrane and as a cofactor for essential enzymes. We propose that organisms cope with Mg 2 + limitation by decreasing ATP levels and ribosome production, thereby reallocating Mg 2 + to indispensable cellular processes.
OBJECTIVE RIDE QUALITY MEASUREMENT

This paper describes the use of a measurement and data reduction system for objective ride quality assessment which can be used in all types of transportation systems. The basis of the data handling is the use of the absorbed power criteria developed by Pradko and Lee, modified by using the Amplitude Frequency Distribution (AFD) method, and incorporating a human simulator to obtain the objective parameters used in the ride calculations. /GMRL/
What's mine is mine: twelve-month-olds use possessive pronouns to identify referents

This research investigated 12-month-olds’ ability to use person-specific language to determine to which of several absent things a person is referring. Infants were introduced to two experimenters who played separately with a different ball. One researcher asked infants to retrieve her object when both balls were hidden. Infants selected the correct object when researchers used the pronoun my, but failed to do so when the was used. The present research provides the first evidence of 12-month-olds’ comprehension of possessive pronouns and indicates that infants use person-specific language to resolve reference.
Tales Told by Loops, Whorls, and Ridges

Suspect Identities A History of Fingerprinting and Criminal Identification. Simon A. Cole. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2001. 381 pp. $35, £23.95. ISBN 0-674-00455-8. Cole offers a critical examination of how the fingerprints came to be seen as a trustworthy technique for identifying individuals and how the craft of interpreting them became a cornerstone of forensics science.