cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of KIR diversity on human immunity.

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are expressed on natural killer (NK) cells and on subpopulations of T cells, mostly CD8 cells, that have memory phenotype. KIR thus have the potential to contribute to both the innate immune response, through the action of NK cells, and the adaptive immune response, through the action of memory T cells. KIR were first defined functionally in the context of alloreactive human NK cells that showed specificity for polymorphic HLA class I determinants. Identified in this manner were inhibitory KIR with specificity for HLA-A, B and C determinants. Cloning of cDNA for these IUR led to the identification of additional KIR, some of which are activating receptors with HLA class I specificity and others - including both inhibitory and activating KIR - for which ligands have yet be defined (reviewed in [I]).
Assessment of Schizophrenia in Persons with Severe and Profound Mental Retardation Using the Diagnostic Assessment for the Severely Handicapped-II (DASH-II)

The identification and diagnosis of schizophrenia in persons with severe and profound mental retardation has been a controversial issue. Although it has been established that schizophrenia occurs in this clinical population, persons with odd behaviors characteristic of mental retardation or severe behavior disturbances are often diagnosed with schizophrenia and treated with traditional or atypical antipsychotic medications. The present study assessed schizophrenia in a sample of persons with severe and profound mental retardation using the Diagnositic Assessment for the Severly Handicapped-II (DASH-II), a rating scale which contains purely behavioral criteria that are essential features of various DSM-IV disorders. Three groups of participants were compared; (a) those with an independent psychiatric diagnosis of schizophrenia and a significant elevation on the schizophrenia subscale of the DASH-II; (b) those with a significant elevation on this subscale, but no formal diagnosis of schizophrenia; and (c) controls without any elevation of the DASH-II subscales. Results indicated that the three groups were empirically distinguished across the frequency, duration, and severity dimensions of the DASH-II schizophrenia subscale. Item analyses demonstrated that individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and an elevation of the subscale had higher scores on items containing verbal symptoms of the disorder. Implications of these findings are discussed with respect to the diagnosis of schizophrenia in persons with severe and profound mental retardation, with particular emphasis on the efficacy of the DASH-II for assessing the disorder.
Therapeutic efficacy of a novel βIII/βIV-tubulin inhibitor (VERU-111) in pancreatic cancer.

e14578Background: The management of pancreatic cancer (PanCa) is exceptionally difficult due to poor response to available therapeutic approaches. Tubulins play a major role in cell dynamics and ar...
Cardiac sarcoidosis and ventricular arrhythmias. A rare association of a rare disease. a retrospective cohort study from the national inpatient sample and current evidence for management

Background: Sarcoidosis is an increasingly recognized multi-systemic condition. Cardiac sarcoidosis is associated with ventricular arrhythmias and higher mortality rates. Little epidemiological data is available regarding the disease and associated ventricular arrhythmias. Methods: Data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database 2012–2014, were reviewed. Dis­charges associated with sarcoidosis were identified as the target population using relevant ICD-9-CM codes. Primary outcome was a diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the sarcoidosis population. Secondary outcomes include rate of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and cardiac arrest. Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the association of VT with multiple potential confounding clinical variables. Results: Of 18,013,878 health encounters, 46,289 (0.26%) subjects had a diagnosis of sarcoidosis. VT and VF were more prevalent among patients with sarcoidosis compared to those without a diagnosis of sarcoidosis (2.29% vs. 1.22%; p < 0.001 and 0.25% vs. 0.21%; p < 0.001, respectively). Sarcoidosis was also associated with a higher prevalence of cardiac arrest (0.72% vs. 0.6%; p < 0.001). In unadjusted analyses, all examined comorbidities were significantly more common in those with sar­coidosis, including diabetes mellitus (31.6% vs. 21.25%; p < 0.001), hypertension (65.2% vs. 51.74%; p < 0.001), chronic kidney disease (21.09% vs. 14.02%; p < 0.001), heart failure (24.87% vs. 15%; p < 0.001) and acute coronary syndrome (4.32% vs. 3.35%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The present study showed that sarcoidosis was associated with increased rates of ven­tricular tachyarrhythmia, which can affect the overall disease morbidity and mortality.
Progesterone effects on vaginal cytokines in women with a history of preterm birth.

Objective To determine the effect of intramuscular progesterone on the vaginal immune response of pregnant women with a history of prior preterm birth. Methods A prospective, cohort study of women at 11–16 weeks gestation, ≥18 years of age, and carrying a singleton pregnancy was conducted from June 2016 to August 2017 after IRB approval. Women in the progesterone arm had a history of preterm birth and received weekly intramuscular 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate. Controls comprised of women with healthy, uncomplicated pregnancies. Excluded were women with vaginitis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or other chronic diseases affecting the immune response. A vaginal wash was performed at enrollment, at 26–28 weeks, and at 35–36 weeks gestation. Samples underwent semi-quantitative detection of human inflammatory markers. Immunofluorescence pixel density data was analyzed and a P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results There were 39 women included, 10 with a prior preterm birth and 29 controls. The baseline demographics and pregnancy outcomes for both groups were similar in age, parity, race, BMI, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, and birth weight. Enrollment cytokines in women with a prior preterm birth, including IL-1 alpha (39.2±25.1% versus 26.1±13.2%; P = 0.04), IL-1 beta (47.9±26.4% versus 24.9±17%; P<0.01), IL-2 (16.7±9.3% versus 11.3±6.3%; P = 0.03), and IL-13 (16.9±12.4% versus 8.2±7.4%; P = 0.01) were significantly elevated compared to controls. In the third trimester the cytokine densities for IL-1 alpha (26.0±18.2% versus 22.3±12.0%; P = 0.49), IL-1 beta (31.8±15.9% versus 33.1±16.8%; P = 0.84), IL-2 (10.0±8.4% versus 10.9±5.9%; P = 0.71), and IL-13 (9.1±5.9% versus 10.0±6.5%; P = 0.71) were all statistically similar between the progesterone arm and controls, respectively. Conclusion There is an increased cytokine presence in vaginal washings of women at risk for preterm birth which appears to be modified following the administration of 17- hydroxyprogesterone caproate to levels similar to healthy controls.
Use of Mentholated Cigarettes and Likelihood of Smoking Cessation in the United States: A Meta-Analysis

Introduction Previous qualitative reviews have summarized evidence of an association between menthol cigarette use and likelihood of smoking cessation. The objective of this meta-analysis was to provide a quantitative summary of effect sizes, their variability, and factors related to the variability in effect size for the association between menthol use and likelihood of smoking cessation. Methods We systematically searched Medline, PsycINFO, and Embase for prospective and cross-sectional studies of the association between menthol use and smoking cessation. We analyzed data with random effects meta-analyses and meta-regression. Results Our review identified 22 reports from 19 studies of the association between menthol use and cessation. All identified study samples included only US smokers, with one exception that included both Canadian and US smokers. Our overall model did not demonstrate a significant association between menthol use and cessation; however, menthol users were significantly less likely to quit among blacks/African American smokers (odds ratio = 0.88). Conclusions Among blacks/African Americans predominantly in the US menthol users have approximately 12% lower odds of smoking cessation compared to non-menthol users. This difference is likely the result of the tobacco industry's ongoing marketing influence on the black/African American Community, suggesting that a menthol ban may have a unique public health benefit for black/African American smokers by encouraging quitting behavior. Implications This study adds a quantitative summary of the association between menthol cigarette use and smoking cessation in the United States. Findings of an association with lower likelihood of cessation among black/African American smokers, likely resulting from the tobacco industry's marketing influence, support the ban of menthol flavoring as part of a comprehensive tobacco control effort to increase cessation among black/African American smokers.
Cortical morphometry and structural connectivity relate to executive function and estradiol level in healthy adolescents

Introduction Emotional and behavioral control is necessary self-regulatory processes to maintain stable goal-driven behavior. Studies indicate that variance in these executive function (EF) processes is related to morphological features of the brain and white matter (WM) differences. Furthermore, sex hormone level may modulate circuits in the brain important for cognitive function. Methods We aimed to investigate the structural neural correlates of EF behavior in gray matter (GM) and WM while taking into account estradiol level, in an adolescent population. The present study obtained neuroimaging behavioral and physiological data from the National Institute of Health's Pediatric Database (NIHPD). We analyzed the relationship between cortical morphometry and structural connectivity (N = 55), using a parent-administered behavioral monitoring instrument (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-BRIEF), estradiol level, as well as their interaction. Results Executive function behavior and estradiol level related to bidirectional associations with cortical morphometry in the right posterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (pDLPFC) and primary motor cortex (PMC), as well as fractional anisotropy (FA) in the forceps major and minor. Lastly, the interaction of EF behavior and estradiol level related to decreased volume in the right PMC and was linked to altered FA in the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (iFOF). Conclusions The study provides evidence that the relationship between EF behavior and estradiol level related to bidirectional GM and WM differences, implying estradiol level has an influence on the putative structural regions underlying EF behavior. The findings represent a crucial link between EF behavior and hormonal influence on brain structure in adolescence.
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Frequency for University of Kansas Medical Center Pediatric Patients

Background. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is recommendedfor all adolescents aged 11 to 12 years, but coveragein Kansas is exceptionally poor. To understand local coverage, receiptof the 3-dose HPV vaccine series among pediatric patients atthe University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC) was evaluated. Methods. All patients aged 11 to 12 years who were seen by aKUMC primary care provider (family medicine and pediatrics)in 2013 were included in the retrospective chart review. Recordswere reviewed through December 31, 2014 to capture the numberof HPV doses received, and receipt of other recommendedvaccines (tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis and meningococcal conjugate).Pearson’s chi-squared tests were used to evaluate relationshipsbetween HPV vaccination and patient characteristics. Results. Of the 261 eligible females and 243 eligible males, 71.2%received ≥ 1 HPV vaccine dose, 55.2% received ≥ 2 doses, and39.3% completed the HPV vaccine series (3 doses). Although vaccineinitiation was slightly lower in males compared to females(67.1% vs. 75.1%, p = 0.047), no difference in vaccine completionwas seen between males and females (37.0% vs. 41.7%, p = 0.319).Over 80% of patients received other concurrently recommendedvaccines (Tdap: 81.7%, meningococcal: 81.3%). HPV series completionoccurred more often among Spanish-speaking femalescompared to English-speaking females (59.5% vs 37.7%; p < 0.01).Conclusions. The proportion of adolescents who received theHPV vaccination at KUMC is substantially higher than nationaland state estimates, but there is room for improvement forboth initiation and series completion. KS J Med 2016;9(1):1-5.
Pereira traduttore e l’etica della visibilità:

La maggior parte della critica che si e finora occupata del romanzo di Antonio Tabucchi, Sostiene Pereira, si e concentrata sullo sviluppo del protagonista da una posizione iniziale di non-impegno ...
Mind–Body Therapy via Videoconferencing in Patients With Neurofibromatosis: Analyses of 1-Year Follow-up

Background Neurofibromatosis (NF) is a rare genetic disorder associated with substantial deficits in quality of life (QoL). We have previously shown that in this population the Relaxation Response Resiliency Program for NF (3RP-NF) delivered via live videoconferencing is associated with sustained improvement in QoL from baseline through 6-month follow-up over and above an attention placebo control.. Purpose To examine between- and within-group changes in QoL domains from baseline to 1-year follow-up and 6-month to 1-year follow-up. Methods We enrolled and randomized 63 adults with NF. Of these, 52 completed the 6-month follow-up and 53 completed 1-year follow-up. We assessed QoL with the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief. Results Participation in the 3RP-NF was associated with sustained improvement from baseline to 1 year in physical health QoL (12.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.76 to 23.59; p =.024) and social relations QoL (16.81; 95% CI: 3.03 to 30.59; p =.018) but not psychological and environmental QoL, over and above the control (between group changes). Participants in the 3RP-NF improved from baseline to 1 year in psychological (8.16; 95% CI: 1.17 to 15.14; p =.023) and social relations QoL (9.93; 95% CI: 1.10 to 18.77; p = .028; within-group changes). There were no other significant differences between or within groups from baseline/6 months to 1 year. Conclusions The live video 3RP-NF shows promise in improving QoL dimensions over the course of 1 year. Results should be replicated in a fully powered randomized controlled trial. Clinical trial information ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03406208.
Political Satire, That Was The Week That Was, and the Assassination of John F. Kennedy:

The political satire boom in the United States and the United Kingdom experienced a brief, albeit notorious success on British and American television, most notably represented by That Was The Week...
Penetrating Trauma of the Pharynx and Esophagus

Pharyngoesophageal injury has high morbidity and mortality despite advances in diagnostics and surgical therapy. It is essential to rapidly identify patients injury to avoid severe sequelae. In this review, the common etiologies of penetrating esophageal injury will be reviewed as well as the initial evaluation and diagnostic techniques. Management of pharyngoesophageal injuries will be discussed including indications for observation, endoscopic management, or open surgical repair.
An agentic perspective of resourcefulness: Self-reliant and joint resourcefulness behaviors within the entrepreneurship process

Abstract We integrate social cognitive theory, and its tenets of personal and collective agency, to develop an individual-level perspective on entrepreneurs' resourcefulness behaviors that illustrates how resourcefulness behaviors can be classified as ‘self-reliant behaviors’ or ‘joint resourcefulness behaviors’. Using this novel cognitive theoretical approach, we provide and test a framework that explains how dispositional, perceptual, and behavioral factors interact in the enactment of purposeful action with regards to entrepreneurs' resourceful behaviors. Consistent with our hypotheses, results from a quantitative study of entrepreneurs (N = 178), as well as a supplemental study involving qualitative interviews with entrepreneurs (N = 15), highlight that entrepreneurs higher in frugality tend to perceive higher levels of environmental hostility. This relationship, in turn, leads to higher amounts of self-reliant resourcefulness behaviors (i.e., customer-related and internal self-financing bootstrapping behaviors) but not joint resourcefulness behaviors. Multiple theoretical and practical contributions emerge from our findings as the extant literature does not yet account for human agency as a reason why some entrepreneurs may choose to engage in certain resourceful behaviors relative to other behaviors.
Colyear v. Rolling Hills

Analysis of the appropriateness of using SLAPP (Strategic Litigation Against Public Participation) motions in disputes between neighbors over homeowner association covenants and restrictions where different parts of the development are differently regulated.
Effects of Lifestyle Modification on Patients With Resistant Hypertension: Results of the TRIUMPH Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Although lifestyle modifications generally are effective in lowering blood pressure (BP) among patients with unmedicated hypertension and in those treated with 1 or 2 antihypertensive a...
Classicisms of Color: Transatlantic Exchanges in African and American Traditional Architecture

The beautiful city of Charleston, South Carolina, was built by enslaved Africans, and the painful historical connections between classical architecture and slavery have encouraged some critics to see classicism as racist. Contemporary black artist Jonathan Green, however, proposed a new way of viewing Charleston’s buildings: as a testament to black creativity and resilience that fused African architectural traditions, such as colonnaded porches and metalwork, with European ones. Following Green, this essay traces a number of trans-Atlantic architectural connections forged during the age of empires. Many different African nations, from Ethiopia to Ghana, developed great classical architectures that traveled to Europe and America through the migration of people or the publication of books. African-American designs also returned to Africa, sometimes with European accents, and found compatibility with indigenous traditions. As Green asserted, a beautiful truth emerges from this study: traditional architecture is bigger than racism. It is African, American, and human.
Ambitwistors and Conformal Gravity

In a landmark paper [13] of the 1970’s, Roger Penrose described a remarkable and unexpected connection between Einstein’s equations and the theory of complex manifolds. The twistor correspondence which he detailed there gives a way of producing all self-dual complex solutions of these equations in terms of the global structure of an associated complex manifold called the twistor space. Unfortunately, the most interesting solutions from the view-point of physics are not the self-dual ones, but rather those of Lorentz signature. If this had been the end of the story, one might have therefore been tempted to conclude that this correspondence was merely a mathematical curiosity with no bearing on physics. Fortunately, however, the Penrose twistor correspondence is but one aspect of a rather more complicated story, which I will endeavor to recount here. Indeed, it turns out that the general complex solution of the 4-dimensional Einstein equations can also be described in terms of complex deformation theory, albeit in terms of non-reduced complex spaces rather than complex manifolds.
The Political Economy of Ecology: Prospects for Transforming the World Economy at Rio Plus 20

This article assesses the prospects for advancing to a green economy at Rio Plus 20 through the perspective of international political economy writings on economic transformations and regime governance. In order to achieve robust investment in revolutionary new technologies a clear international political project is required that provides a common purpose, clear regulatory and legal rules, and formal organisational efforts for resource mobilisation, compensation of losers, and enforcement. It concludes with an appraisal of efforts underway to create the political foundation for a green economy, suggesting the creation of a new international organization for green technology innovation, and assigning the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to environmental science assessment.
State of the art survey: active and semi-active suspension control

This survey paper aims to provide some insight into the design of suspension control system within the context of existing literature and share observations on current hardware implementation of active and semi-active suspension systems. It reviews the performance envelop of active, semi-active, and passive suspensions with a focus on linear quadratic-based optimisation including a specific example. The paper further discusses various design aspects including other design techniques, the decoupling of load and road disturbances, the decoupling of pitch and heave modes, the use of an inerter as an additional design element, and the application of preview. Various production and near production suspension systems were examined and described according to the features they offer, including self-levelling, variable damping, variable geometry, and anti-roll damping and stiffness. The lessons learned from these analytical insights and related hardware implementations are valuable and can be applied towards future active or semi-active suspension design.
Electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography (EMLC) as a probe of the adsorption characteristics of monosubstituted benzenes at porous graphitic carbon

Abstract The utility of electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography (EMLC) as a probe of the adsorption characteristics of monosubstituted benzenes at porous graphitic carbon (PGC) is investigated. An analysis on the extent of the changes in retention as a function of applied potential ( E appl ) is performed to develop preliminary insights into the critical interactions between these compounds and PGC. The results show that the retention, and therefore the extent of adsorption, of these compounds increases as E appl becomes more positive. Furthermore, the dependence of the increase varies between compounds, reflecting differences in the sensitivities of the adsorption strengths to π -donor/acceptor interactions. Together, these results demonstrate the potential value of EMLC as (1) a tool for investigating fundamental issues related to the adsorption of organic compounds on electrode surfaces and (2) a separation technique for mixtures of this important class of analytes.
Relativistic many-body calculations for the oscillator strengths of the resonance lines of neon, argon, krypton, and xenon

The $f$ values for the ${\mathrm{np}}^{6}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{np}}^{5}(n+1)s$ dipole transitions of neon, argon, krypton, and xenon are studied using relativistic many-body perturbation theory. The contributions from the correlation corrections of single and pair excitations are calculated to all orders. It is hoped that the present work may help to distinguish among the considerable variety of experimental and theoretical values presently available.
CEO retention, firm performance and corporate governance

This paper seeks to determine if CEO turnover is a function of firm performance, and therefore attempts to gauge the extent to which CEO interests are aligned with those of stockholders. The methodology in this paper focuses primarily on estimating the relationship between the probability of CEO exit and indices of firm performance and corporate governance structure. A major finding of the paper is that the accountability of CEOs to stockholders is significantly limited by CEO power, and CEO turnover is influenced more by internal governance structure than by firm profit or sales performance.
Explicit multiplicative relations between Gauss sums

Abstract H. Hasse conjectured that all multiplicative relations between Gauss sums essentially follow from the Davenport–Hasse product formula and the norm relation for Gauss sums. While this is known to be false, very few counterexamples, now known as sign ambiguities , have been given. Here, we provide an explicit product formula giving an infinite class of new sign ambiguities and resolve the ambiguous sign in terms of the order of the ideal class of quadratic primes.
Infrared circular dichroism associated with the C-H strecthing vibration of tartaric acid

The infrared circular dichroism associated with the C-H stretching vibration of tartaric acid-d4 [-CH(OD)COOD]2, has been measured. The observed CD spectra are most readily attributable to the chirality of the separate -CH(OD)COOD groups, rather than to a coupling between the groups.
Tris(2-mercapto-1-tert-butylimidazolyl)hydroborato gallium derivatives: synthesis of di- and trigallium compounds in a sulfur-rich coordination environment

A series of tris(2-mercapto-1-tert-butylimidazolyl)hydroborato gallium compounds have been synthesized. While GaI3 and GaCl3 afford mononuclear {[TmBut]Ga} compounds, namely {[TmBut]GaI}I, {[TmBut]GaCl}[GaCl4], and [κ2-TmBut]2GaI, the reactions of “GaI”, Ga[GaCl4] and (HGaCl2)2 yield compounds that feature Ga–Ga bonds, namely [TmBut]GaGaI3, [TmBut]GaGaCl3, {[TmBut]GaGa[TmBut]}I2, {[TmBut]GaGa[TmBut]}[GaCl4]2, {[TmBut]Ga(GaI2)Ga[TmBut]}I and {[TmBut]GaGa[TmBut]}{[μ-κ1,κ2-TmBut]GaI2GaI2GaI}2. These Ga–Ga bonded compounds may be formally regarded as donor–acceptor adducts between monovalent [TmBut]Ga and various trivalent moieties; for example, [TmBut]GaGaI3 may be described as an adduct of [TmBut]Ga and GaI3, while {[TmBut]Ga(GaI2)Ga[TmBut]}+ is an adduct between two molecules of [TmBut]Ga and [GaI2]+. Comparison of the structure of [TmBut]Ga→B(C6F5)3 with that of [TmBut]In→B(C6F5)3 indicates that [TmBut]Ga is a more effective Lewis base than is [TmBut]In.
Photolithographic patterning of alkoxy substituted poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s from xanthate precursors

Conducting polymers are seeing ever-increased use in electronic and optoelectronic applications. While a variety of techniques are available to pattern conducting polymers, the demand for low cost, high throughput, and good spatial resolution continues to drive research efforts in this area. We have previously developed a method to pattern poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) using contact photolithography. Here, the synthesis, characterization, and photopatterning of alkoxy substituted PPVs (a much more commonly utilized derivative) is presented. Utilizing a photoacid generator, the polymer systems are demonstrated to pattern to one micron spatial resolution. The patterning process is demonstrated to have little effect on the polymers properties as the materials retain good optical characteristics and high conductivities upon doping.
Aluminum in the Dialysis Patient

Aluminum-based phosphate binders remain in use, and other aluminum-containing products remain available (many over-the-counter) to persons with chronic kidney disease. It is important to be aware of the different methods of aluminum ingestion, manifestations of aluminum toxicity, and how to care for a patient when aluminum toxicity is discovered.
Cervical Vertebral Strain Measurements Under Axial and Eccentric Loading

The mid to lower cervical spine is a common site for compression related injury. In the present study, we determined the patterns of localized strain distribution in the anterior aspect of the vertebral body and in the lateral masses of lower cervical three-segment units. Miniature strain gages were mounted to human cadaveric vertebrae. Each preparation was line-loaded using a knife-edge oriented in the coronal plane that was moved incrementally from anterior to posterior to induce compression-flexion or compression-extension loading. Uniform compressive loading and failure runs were also conducted. Failure tests indicated strain shifting to "restabilize" the preparation after failure of a component. Under these various compressive loading vectors, the location which resulted in the least amount of deformation for a given force application (i.e., stiffest axis) was quantified to be in the region between 0.5- 1.0 cm anterior to the posterior longitudinal ligament. The location in which line-loading produced no rotation (i.e., balance point) was in this region; it was also close to where the vertebral body strains change from compressive to tensile. Strain values from line loading in this region produced similar strains as recorded under uniform compressive loading, and this was also the region of minimum strain. The region of minimum strain was also more pronounced under higher magnitudes of loading, suggesting that as the maximum load carrying capacity is reached the stiffest axis becomes more well defined.
Reduction of bulk and interface defects by network self-organizations in gate dielectrics for silicon thin film and field effect transistors (TFTs and FETs, respectively)

Studies of binary chalcogenide alloys have established that the onset of network rigidity is generally delayed by a network self-organization resulting in an intermediate phase with significant deviations from mean-field chemical bonding. In GexSe1−x, the onset of local chemical bonding rigidity occurs for a mean-field coordination, rc = 2.4 at x = 0.2, but percolation of stress resulting in network rigidity is delayed until rc = 2.52. This paper demonstrates that low levels of electrically active defects in gate dielectrics for (i) thin film transistors (TFTs) in liquid crystal displays (LCDs), and (ii) aggressively-scaled metal- oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) are derived from similar network self-organizations that occur for a narrow range of dielectric compositions. The dielectrics of this article are non-crystalline (nc-) SixNyHz alloys in which a chemical self-organization occurs during deposition at 300 °C, and nc-(SiO2)x(Si3N4)y(ZrO2)z alloys in which it occurs during post-deposition annealing at ∼900 °C. For each of these alloys, the values of x, y and z, are approximately 0.3, 0.4 and 0.3.
Role of urinary inhibitors of crystallization in uric acid nephrolithiasis: Dalmatian dog model.

Abstract Objectives To study the role of urinary inhibitors on crystallization—nephrocalcin, Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP), and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)—in hyperuricosuric nephrolithiasis using Dalmatian dogs, a breed well-known for high levels of uric acid excretion, in an in vivo model. Methods Urine samples were collected from 10 stone-forming Dalmatian dogs and from 5 age-matched Dalmatians without kidney stones. Purine derivatives present in urine were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography. THP, GAGs, and nephrocalcin were isolated and measured. Results As expected, the Dalmatians excreted a large amount of uric acid in urine, but without differences between the two groups (0.42 ± 0.08 mg/mg creatinine versus 0.48 ± 0.11 mg/mg creatinine for stone-forming and healthy Dalmatians, respectively, P = 0.64). No other metabolites were derived from purine in their urine. Stone-forming Dalmatians showed significantly lower urinary excretion of THP than did normal Dalmatians (0.09 ± 0.03 mg/mg creatinine versus 0.21 ± 0.03 mg/mg creatinine, P −7 M, as calculated from a Langmuir isotherm type plot. Conclusions The urinary excretion of THP and GAGs was decreased in stone-forming Dalmatians compared with healthy ones. Our results support the suitability of Dalmatian dogs as an in vivo model to investigate the interrelationship of urine inhibitors of crystallization and hyperuricosuria.
Trends and Topics in Social Problems 1953-1975 A Content Analysis and a Critique

The founders of the Society for the Study of Social Problems stressed the importance of emphasizing vital social problems and encouraging the formulation of social policies. Now in its twenty-fifth anniversary year, criticism has been leveled against the Society for not adhering to these original goals. A content analysis of all articles published from 1953 to 1975 in the Society's official journal, Social Problems , was undertaken to determine what social-problem topics have been included, their comparative frequency in various time periods, and related trends. Articles were also evaluated on the basis of their structural or individualistic orientations. Each article was examined for policy suggestions, the type of policy, the audience to whom suggested policy was directed, and trends in policy suggestions. Findings and trends are reported and summarized, and some practical suggestions are offered.
Single-photon color-sensitive photosensor TransReFerence

Abstract The presented novel TransReFerence photosensor concept is a nontrivial extension of the basic ReFerence concept, which offers two surprising features: single-photon color sensitivity without destructive filtering, and multiple extension of spectral sensitivity range. These features may bring revolution to numerous applications.
Sense and antisense TGFβ3 mRNA levels correlate with cardiac valve induction

The formation of the valves in the heart is a spatially and temporally controlled process. A tissue interaction between the endothelium and its adjacent myocardium initiates the transformation of the endothelium into the mesenchymal precursors of the heart valve. One or more of the molecules implicated as critical for valve formation are members of the transforming growth factor beta family of molecules. Presented here is a spatial and temporal analysis of TGF beta 2 and TGF beta 3 in the chick heart during valve formation. We show that TGF beta 3 mRNA is concentrated in AV canal tissue where valve formation will occur, consistent with previous observations that TGF beta 3 production is critical during valve formation. Additionally, an RNA complementary to TGF beta 3 encoding mRNA is present in the heart. The temporally controlled appearance of RNA complementary to TGF beta 3 suggests that this molecule may play a role in the regulation of TGF beta 3 production in the heart.
Minimum continental velocities with respect to the pole since the Archean

Abstract Paleomagnetic apparent polar wander paths provide a method for estimating minimum plate velocities which can be extended much further into the geologic past than can be estimated based on sea-floor magnetic anomalies. Minimum velocities can be determined from the rate of change of latitude as derived relative to a fixed pole. Such latitudinal velocities have been determined for the center of mass of the North American, Baltic, Siberian and African shields since the Archean. The results indicate that plate velocities in the past have at times easily exceeded those for present-day continents, and that they often were equivalent to present-day oceanic velocities, although there are peaks and troughs through time. North American velocities are significantly greater prior to one billion years ago than those of Siberia or Baltica.
Heterogeneous equilibria in the Au-CN-H2O and Ag-CN-H2O systems

The equilibrium relationships in the systems Au-CN-H2O and Ag-CN-H2O have been investigated with the aid of the DIAGRAM computer program and thermodynamic data taken from the literature. On the basis of stability diagrams such as Eh-pH, log[Me]-pH, and log[CN]-pH, a discussion is pre-sented of the behavior of gold and silver in cyanide solutions. It is shown that gold and silver have similar behaviors in cyanide media; both metals exhibit wide solubility domains with di-cyanide complexes predominating. Solid AgCN is stable only in solutions of low pH and high silver/cyanide ratio; the species Ag(CN)3 2- and Ag(CN) 4 3 form only in concentrated cyanide solutions.
An R & D planning and control servosystem: A case study*

This paper describes a planning and control system (PACS) to aid R & D decision-making which has been developed and used at the Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. The planning model portion of the integrated system is a two-dimensional dynamic programming resource allocation algorithm which performs project selection, budgeting and scheduling. Behavioral parameters that can be used to simulate certain organizational factors are included in the planning model. The control model portion of the integrated system develops cost-effectiveness measures of variances between actual and planned performances for ongoing projects over time, which provide early warnings of pending project failures and guide control action. Applications of the system at Monsanto indicate that it significantly aids the development of satisfactory organizational decisions and also provides a laboratory for pretesting decisions.
Interleukin 7 and estrogen-induced bone loss.

Abstract During the past decade, we have increased greatly our understanding of the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis, a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We know now that estrogen regulates the expression of cytokines that target cell types involved in modulating bone turnover. Although early work demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor α plays an important role in regulating bone mass, recent studies also implicate the lymphopoietic molecule interleukin 7. This protein is unique in that it suppresses the bone-forming osteoblast, whilst stimulating formation and function of the osteoclast, the exclusive resorptive cell. Furthermore, the latest findings confirm and expand the concept that T cells are key mediators of bone loss following gonadal failure.
SUBSTITUTION OF WOMEN FOR MEN FACULTY IN HIGHER EDUCATION" Do Relative Salaries Matter?

The paper provides quantitative estimates of the degree of substitutability between men and women faculty in higher education and examines the extent to which price (salary) differentials have played a role in altering the sex distribution in academe. Our results suggest uniformly low own-price elasticities with cross elasticities which differ by academic rank and sex. Further analysis is made of whether institutions of higher education have increased the proportion of females at the upper ranks due to salary factors. Our conclusion is that nonsalary factors appear to have been responsible for the changing sex distribution in academe.
Acyl carrier protein prosthetic group exchange and phospholipid synthesis in synchronized cultures of a pantothenate auxotroph of Escherichia coli

Abstract Acyl carrier protein prosthetic group exchange was measured in division synchronized cultures of a pantothenate requiring mutant of Escherichia coli , using a modification of a stationary phase synchrony technique. The data obtained using this nonperturbing method of synchrony indicate that this exchange rate is constant for at least two division cycles of synchrony. The rate of phospholipid synthesis was also measured in such cultures. Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin, the major phospholipids in this organism, showed continuous rates of synthesis which were linear with the temporal increase in mass of the culture. The results suggest that the acyl carrier protein prosthetic group exchange phenomenon bears no direct regulatory role in those events of the cell cycle which are discontinuous or oscillatory. Further, since both phospholipid synthesis and prosthetic group exchange occur at continuous and constant rates, any relationship between these two phenomena remains unanswered. However, the results presented here on phospholipid synthesis lend further support to the hypothesis that bacterial membrane lipids are made continuously and at a constant rate as a function of time.
Redox enzyme models from polymerized aminoacyladenylates.

Des modeles d'enzymes d'oxydoreduction ont ete prepares par polymerisation des 20 aminoacyladenylates en presence de flavine mononucleotide, d'heme et de chlorophylle. L'addition du cofacteur flavinique au cours de la polymerisation modifie la composition en acides amines du polymere obtenu. L'article offre une discussion sur les taux de reaction, les absorptions optiques et de dispersion rotatoire et les proprietes generales des modeles d'enzymes d'oxydoreduction.
Theoretical Analysis of the Diffusion Processes Determining the Oxidation Rate of Alloys

The interplay of diffusion processes in metallic and oxide phases during the oxidation of alloys is analyzed theoretically for specified ideal conditions.The oxidation rate of alloys containing a noble metal (Au or Pt) and an oxidizable metal (Ni, Cu, or Zn) is calculated as a function of the alloy composition. The oxidation rate of Ni‐Pt alloys at 850° and 1100°C is essentially determined by the diffusion of nickel to the alloy‐ interface if the mole fraction of nickel is less than 0.5. Observed oxidation rates are in accordance with values calculated from diffusion data.Alloys in which both constituents are oxidizable may form either a one‐phase or a two‐phase scale. A necessary but not sufficient condition for the formation of a scale consisting of only one oxide is stated. Results for Cu‐Ni and Cu‐Zn alloys are essentially in accordance with theoretical considerations.On the other hand, it is shown that two oxides may nucleate initially and continue to grow even under conditions under which exclusive formation of the oxide of the less noble metal is a possible process. This is illustrated by observations on Cu‐Al alloys.
Effects of dilemmas and aromas on performance of the Iowa Gambling Task.

Abstract Males outscore females on the original version of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). This may be due to differential regional prefrontal cortical activation by males and females during the task. PET imagery indicates increased activation in dorsolateral (DL) prefrontal cortex (PFC) in males and in medial orbital (ORB) PFC in females. A recent study reported that females’ scores were elevated to the level of males’ by having them deliberate moral dilemmas during the IGT. This was presumably due to a relative shift in PFC activation from medial ORB PFC to DL PFC areas. In the present study, after adding new participants and combining results from previous studies we failed to find a significant effect of deliberating dilemmas prior to or during the original IGT performance. However, the typical gender effect was replicated, as was the females’ preference for cards from Deck B. The lack of dilemma-enhancement fails to support our previous suggestion of increasing activation in DL during the task. However, we investigated whether activation of ORB (also secondary olfactory cortex) would change IGT performance. When smelling novel aromas during the IGT, males’ performance was reduced to the level of females whose performance was unchanged. This finding suggests that activation of emotional neural substrates might alter the dual cognitive (DL)/emotional (ORB) circuits that interact during decision-making.
Choice of replacement fluid/dialysate anion in continuous renal replacement therapy

Abstract Normalization of acid-base balance in patients with acute renal failure (ARF) is a primary goal of continuous extracorporeal renal replacement therapy (CRRT). During CRRT, alkali administration, either in the replacement fluid or by diffusive uptake from the dialysate, must replace not only the bicarbonate lost in the buffering of endogenous acid production, but also the bicarbonate lost across the hemodiafilter. In most patients with ARF, a buffer concentration of approximately 30 to 35 mmol/L and an ultrafiltration rate (or dialysate flow rate) approaching or exceeding 1 L/hr can be expected to normalize the acid-base status within 1 to 2 days. In individuals with ARF and lactic acidemia, the buffer load may need to approach ≥50 mmol/L to correct the associated metabolic acidemia. Acetate, bicarbonate, citrate, and lactate are the possible choices for bicarbonate or bicarbonate-equivalent administration during CRRT. Acetate- and lactate-based physiologic solutions have the advantage of being commercially available. Under normal conditions, acetate and lactate are metabolized rapidly to bicarbonate. Under conditions where the conversion pathways may be impaired, such as in severe hypoxic or shock states, excessive accumulation of these anions is possible. In the latter situation, the rate of anion conversion to bicarbonate may be slower than the rate of bicarbonate loss across the hemodiafilter, and a worsening of metabolic acidemia may occur. In addition, the administration of large amounts of lactate may result in increased urea generation. Bicarbonate has the major advantage of being the most physiologic anion. Unfortunately, the production of a commercially available bicarbonate-based physiologic solution is difficult because of the loss of bicarbonate from the solution or the formation of calcium and magnesium salts. The use of citrate as an anticoagulant obviates the need for additional alkali because citrate is metabolized to bicarbonate. Excessive citrate accumulation is rare, even in the setting of severe hepatic failure.
A New Cave Shrimp From Southeastern United States (Decapoda, Atyidae)

[Une crevette cavernicole aveugle nouvelle, Palaemonias alabamae, est decrite. Connue dans le nord de l'Alabama seulement, elle est voisine de Palaemonias ganteri Hay qui n'a ete trouvee qu'a Mammoth Cave, Kentucky., Une crevette cavernicole aveugle nouvelle, Palaemonias alabamae, est decrite. Connue dans le nord de l'Alabama seulement, elle est voisine de Palaemonias ganteri Hay qui n'a ete trouvee qu'a Mammoth Cave, Kentucky.]
Some boundary conditions for a monotone analysis of symmetric matrices

This paper gives a rigorous and greatly simplified proof of Guttman's theorem for the least upper-bound dimensionality of arbitrary real symmetric matricesS, where the points embedded in a real Euclidean space subtend distances which are strictly monotone with the off-diagonal elements ofS. A comparable and more easily proven theorem for the vector model is also introduced. At mostn-2 dimensions are required to reproduce the order information for both the distance and vector models and this is true for any choice of real indices, whether they define a metric space or not. If ties exist in the matrices to be analyzed, then greatest lower bounds are specifiable when degenerate solutions are to be avoided. These theorems have relevance to current developments in nonmetric techniques for the monotone analysis of data matrices.
Selective Enrichment of Proteins Using Formed‐In‐Place Membranes

A process for selective enrichment of immunoglobulins has been developed using formed-in-place membranes on sintered stainless steel tubes. The process employs both size exclusion and protein charge manipulation around the isoelectric point of proteins to selectively reject or pass components of the stream. Volume recoveries of 95% (20X concentration) could be achieved with a single filtration without loss of fractionation capabilities. The large initial volume reduction allows for small subsequent diafiltration volumes and insures optimization of fractionation while minimizing total processing volume. The process has been used to enrich proteins representing a small percentage of the total protein from a large feed volume. As an example, immunoglobulin G (IgG) from cheese whey was enriched from 8% to 20% of total whey protein with a 90% recovery of the IgG.
FTIR photoacoustic investigation of the surface species resulting from the photochemical reaction of Re2(CO)10 with silica and alumina

Abstract The photolysis of Re 2 (CO) 10 in the presence of Cab-O-Sil silica and alumina has been investigated by FTIR/PAS methods. The formation of tricarbonyl species on the surface of both oxides has been observed. The formation of tetracarbonyl and pentacarbonyl surface species during photolysis in THF slurries has also been postulated. A comparison of the photolysis in benzene and THF has been undertaken, and benzene appears to promote tricarbonyl formation.