cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Constructive techniques for meta- and model-level reasoning

The structural semantics of UML-based metamodeling were recently explored[1], providing a characterization of the models adhering to a metamodel. In particular, metamodels can be converted to a set of constraints expressed in a decidable subset of first-order logic, an extended Horn logic. We augment the constructive techniques found in logic programming, which are also based on an extended Horn logic, to produce constructive techniques for reasoning about models and meta-models. These methods have a number of practical applications: At the meta-level, it can be decided if a (composite) metamodel characterizes a non-empty set of models, and a member can be automatically constructed. At the model-level, it can be decided if a submodel has an embedding in a well-formed model, and the larger model can be constructed. This amounts to automatic model construction from an incomplete model. We describe the concrete algorithms for constructively solving these problems, and provide concrete examples.
The clustering of oxygen in solid solution in niobium—II. Interpretation

Abstract Anelastic measurements on niobium-oxygen alloys containing 0.1–1.5 at. % oxygen in solid solution are quantitatively interpreted as showing that oxygen is present partly as single, unassoeiated atoms and partly, in more than random numbers, as clusters of two atoms (pairs), three atoms (triplets), and possibly four atoms (quadruplets). The interpretation is based on (1) the constancy of the relaxation times of the relaxation processes at a fixed temperature and over a wide range of oxygen concentrations and (2) the behavior of the component relaxation strengths according to the law of mass action when the strengths are used as measures of the concentrations of the clusters. From the variation of the component relaxation strengths with temperature, binding enthalpies (enthalpies required to dissociate the clusters) are determined. These quantities are 0.07 ± 0.03 eV for pairs, 0.18 ± 0.04 eV for triplets, and 0.27 ± 0.05 eV for quadruplets. From the variation of the component relaxation strengths with total oxygen concentration, the specific relaxation strength of each cluster (relaxation strength of oxygen atoms per unit concentration of cluster) is determined. These quantities are used to estimate values of the standard free energies and entropies of dissociation of the clusters.
An Internal Conversion Coefficient for the Outermost Electron Shell in Xenon

The observed intensity of the singly charged ions in the charge spectrum produced by the isomeric decay of 12-day $^{131}$Xe is used in conjunction with a theoretical estimate of the radiation probability of the (5p-1s) X-ray transition in the K series of xenon, to yield a value for the internal conversion coefficient of the 163 keV $\gamma $-ray in the 5p shell. The value so obtained is 0$\cdot $21 $\pm $ 0$\cdot $03.
Vapor−Liquid Equilibrium Measurements for Three Binary Mixtures: Allyl Alcohol/Acetonitrile, 2-Butoxyethanol/Acetic Acid, and 1-Methoxy-2-Propanol/2,3-Epoxy-1-Propanol

Vapor−liquid equilibrium measurements using the PTx method have been made on three binary mixtures: allyl alcohol/acetonitrile, 2-butoxyethanol/acetic acid, and 1-methoxy-2-propanol/2,3-epoxy-1-propanol. Each binary mixture was studied at two temperatures. Equilibrium vapor- and liquid-phase compositions were derived from the PTx data using the Soave−Redlich−Kwong equation of state to represent the vapor phase and the NRTL activity coefficient model to represent the liquid phase.
Efficient generation of area thematic maps in KML

Thematic maps using KML and KMZ are common for point and line features, but scarce for area features. We present a method and website for generation of the thematic map KMLs based on US Census geography. By taking advantage of various preprocessing and indexing methods, thematic maps viewable in any KML compliant viewer (eg, Google Maps, Google Earth, or ArcGIS Explorer) can be generated very quickly. Our implementation covers counties, census tracts, and zip code tabulation areas for the entire United States and its territories and 31 socio-demographic variables.
Extending semilattices is hard

We show that the semilattice extension problem raised by Arbib and Manes in [2] isNP-hard, implying that no simple solution is likely to be forthcoming.
Capturing the teachable moment: A grounded theory study of verbal teaching interactions in the operating room

Background Teaching in the operating room is one of the major cornerstones of surgical education. As time available for intraoperative resident teaching diminishes, such teaching time becomes increasingly precious. We studied how surgeons communicate with residents during an operation, with the goal of enhancing intraoperative teaching opportunities. Methods Grounded theory methodology was used to investigate intraoperative verbal communication during four videotaped surgical procedures. Utterance-by-utterance analysis was performed to generate codes for each surgeon–resident interaction. Interactions were then analyzed to determine the percentage time spent in verbal teaching, number of topics covered, times each topic was visited, and time per topic. Results Four main types of teaching surgeon–resident verbal interaction were identified from 1306 interactions. Instrumental interactions were intended solely to move the operation forward. Pure teaching interactions served to educate the trainee, shape judgment, or enhance performance. Instrumental and Teaching interactions were directive but also contained teaching. Banter was discussion unrelated to the operation. Analysis of a subset of the operations demonstrated 13–29 topics covered per procedure, with each topic addressed between 1 and 8 times, and 25–330 seconds spent per topic. Most teaching instances were prompted by errors in resident performance. Conclusion Instances of verbal teaching were numerous, arose opportunistically in this study, and focused typically on multiple points. To maximize teaching opportunities, the authors propose a structured approach to intraoperative teaching that involves identification of a limited set of specific learning objectives, followed by intraoperative teaching and postoperative debriefing targeted to those objectives.
Orbital Malignant Melanoma and Oculodermal Melanocytosis: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Abstract Oculodermal melanocytosis is a congenital melanoblastic hamartoma affecting ocular tissues and facial skin. It is seen more commonly in oriental and black patients. Malignant degeneration, once believed to be rare in this syndrome, occurs in 4.6% of all reported cases, and is more frequent in whites. The actual incidence of malignant melanoma in this syndrome is difficult to determine as many uncomplicated cases go unreported. The most common site of malignant melanoma associated with this entity is in the choroid. Four previously described orbital tumors represent the second most frequent area of presentation. A review of the literature in this disease is discussed as well as a new case of orbital malignant melanoma associated with it. A second case of presumed orbital melanoma associated with oculodermal melanocytosis is also discussed.
A Generation of Leaders for Gifted Education.

This article reports a study of a federally funded national leadership program in gifted education. The program, the Graduate Leadership Education Project on the Gifted/Talented (GLEP) was a collaborative effort by seven universities designed to produce “the next generation of leaders in gifted education.” The first part of this article describes the GLEP program, and the second part describes the influences of the program through the eyes of the participants. The article ends with recommendations for graduate programs in gifted education.
Do Numeric Ratings Impact Peer Reviewers

Research suggests that online peer review can provide critical help to learners who would otherwise not be given individualized feedback on their work. However, little is known about how different characteristics of review systems impact reviewers. This extended abstract presents preliminary results from an online experiment examining how explicit numeric ratings change peer reviews. A between-subject experiment found that peer reviewers who were asked to generate a numeric rating as well as general feedback gave significantly more explanations and made more positive comments compared with reviewers who were asked to give general feedback only. These exploratory findings suggest the need to further examine how online peer review systems' affordances can impact the reviews given in these systems.
Origin of the Baltimore Gneiss migmatites at Piney Creek, Maryland

The net compositions of neosome plus mafic selvage in two biotitic layered migmatites from the Baltimore Gneiss at Piney Creek, Maryland, closely approximate the paleosome compositions: the migmatization must have occurred in rocks closed to all except possibly volatile components. Anatexis or metamorphic differentiation is indicated as the migmatization mechanism. Parallel tie lines between the neosome, selvage, and paleosome in a modal biotite-microcline plot suggest a subsolidus metamorphic differentiation mechanism in which microcline replaces biotite in the neosome by a reaction such as biotite + 6H+ → microcline + 3 (Fe++, Mg++) + 4H2O; the Fe and Mg released by the reaction diffuse from the neosome to the selvage; biotite replaces microcline in the selvage by the reverse of the reaction. Anatexis (simple partial fusion) in the Piney Creek rocks is also indicated because (1) the closer a paleosome composition is to the granite minimum the more extensive is the migmatization in the rock; and (2) the neosomes are closer to the granite minimum than the paleosomes. It is postulated that the Piney Creek migmatites formed by metamorphic differentiation induced by anatexis. Anatexis decreases f H2o locally because much water must be dissolved in the first melt, thus initiating the reaction by which biotite breaks down to microcline. The f H2o gradient between the neosome and paleosome maintained by the presence of melt in the neosome drives the metamorphic differentiation and should also create an a sio 2 gradient leading to the observed quartz migration from the selvage to the neosome.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSISTENT CRIMINAL OFFENDING IN MALES

In this study, we evaluated a model of criminal offending that included the influences of family environment, cognitive ability, and early behavior problems. Analyses were conducted on a large sample of juvenile offenders (N = 4,146) who were committed to the California Youth Authority (CYA) in 1964 and 1965, with a 20-year follow-up of arrest data. Results suggest that an adverse family environment was related to the timing and frequency of juvenile delinquency Cognitive ability, early involvement with alcohol, early age at first arrest, and the number of early arrests were all significant predictors of chronic criminal off-ending after ages 21, 25, and even after age 31. The timing of first arrest was found to be one of the most important variables for the prediction of chronic criminal activity.
Developmental changes in indicators that literal interpretations of homonyms are associated with conflict

Processes by which children interpret homonyms were examined. Participants were 16 two- and three-year-olds, 32 four-year-olds, 32 seven-year-olds and 32 ten-year-olds. Each child individually was asked to interpret keywords from stories read aloud by an examiner. Keywords were homonyms, nonsense words, or unambiguous words. For the three older groups, response times (RTs) to unambiguous words were significantly shorter than RTs to homonyms and nonsense words, when interpretations for all three-word types were consistent with the story contexts. Seven-year-olds had longer RTs for homonyms versus nonsense words. RTs did not vary among responses to homonyms. Four- and seven-year-olds had longer RTs for inappropriate, versus appropriate, nonsense-word interpretations. The number of cues recalled from a story about a keyword did not differ across appropriately versus inappropriately interpreted homonyms, but did differ across appropriately versus inappropriately interpreted nonsense words. These findings have implications for understanding how children arrive at literal interpretations of homonyms.
A thermodynamic analysis of the SO2/H2SO4 system in SO2-depolarized electrolysis

The hybrid sulfur thermochemical cycle has been proposed as a means to produce efficiently massive quantities of clean hydrogen using a high-temperature heat source like nuclear or solar. The cycle consists of two steps, one of which is electrolytic. The reversible cell potential for this step and, hence, the resulting operating potential will depend on the concentrations of dissolved SO2 and sulfuric acid at the electrode. To understand better how these are related as functions of temperature and pressure, an Aspen Plus phase equilibrium model using the OLI Mixed Solvent Electrolyte physical properties method was employed to determine the activities of the species present in the system. These activities were used in conjunction with the Nernst equation to determine the reversible cell potential as a function of sulfuric acid concentration, temperature and pressure. A significant difference between the reversible and actual cell potentials was found, suggesting that there may be considerable room for reducing the operating potential.
Statistical Model Relating CA3 Burst Probability to Recovery From Burst-Induced Depression at Recurrent Collateral Synapses

When neuronal excitability is increased in area CA3 of the hippocampus in vitro, the pyramidal cells generate periodic bursts of action potentials that are synchronized across the network. We have ...
The Misuse and Failure of the Evolutionary Argument

The evolutionary argument is an argument against epiphenomenalism, designed to show that some mind-body theory that allows for the efficacy of qualia is true. First developed by Herbert Spencer and William James, the argument has gone through numerous incarnations and it has been criticized in a number of different ways. Yet many have found the criticisms of the argument in the literature unconvincing. Bearing this in mind, I examine two primary issues: first, whether the alleged insights employed in traditional versions of the argument have been correctly and consistently applied, and second, whether the alleged insights can withstand critical scrutiny. With respect to the first issue, I conclude that the proponents of the argument have tended to grossly oversimplify the considerations involved, incorrectly supposing that the evolutionary argument is properly conceived as a non-specific argument for the disjunction of physicalism and interactionist dualism and against epiphenomenalism. With respect to the second issue, I offer a new criticism that decisively refutes all arguments along the lines of the one I present. Finally, I draw positive lessons about the use of empirical considerations in debates over the mind-body problem.
A Field Guide to Kentucky Field Stations Available for Education and Research

We conducted a survey of Kentucky colleges and universities to determine the number of field station sites available for research, educational, and outreach activities. As a first attempt, we were able to locate and provide basic data for 23. Sites range from thousands of acres to just a few. Some have full, year around research and education programs, while others are largely undeveloped. Existing sites are located primarily in the eastern half of the state with only 4 in the western portion, thus some ecoregions have several while others have none. Although not directly surveyed, website addresses are given that connect to more than 200 state and federal natural areas in Kentucky. It is our hope that the information presented here will stimulate the use of the State’s field station sites and point out the needs for acquiring and developing others.
Myocardial clearance kinetics of technetium-99m-SQ30217: a marker of regional myocardial blood flow.

SQ30217 is a new, technetium-99m-(99mTc) labeled perfusion agent introduced for cardiac imaging. To evaluate the myocardial tracer kinetics, 99mTc-SQ30217, was injected intracoronarily in open-chested dogs under baseline conditions and after administration of intravenous (i.v.) dipyridamole. Myocardial first-pass retention fraction averaged 0.90 +/- 0.04. Clearance of the tracer occurred in a biexponential manner. Sixty-seven percent of retained activity cleared with a half-time of 2.3 +/- 0.6 min, while the residual activity demonstrated slow clearance. The clearance rate of the rapid phase correlated with myocardial blood flow (r = 0.72, p less than 0.001). Myocardial SQ30217 clearance rate following i.v. injection as determined by dynamic imaging with tomography (SPRINT) averaged 21 +/- 4 min and increased to 13 +/- 4 min following dipyridamole. Thus, 99mTc-SQ30217 is a promising flow tracer with high initial myocardial retention and rapid tissue clearance, which allow repeated flow determinations within short time intervals using advanced SPECT technology.
A rose by any other name …: Color‐naming influences on decision making

Companies dealing in colors (e.g., paint companies, the cosmetic industry) spend enormous amounts of time and money selecting names to accompany their various product lines in an attempt to maximally appeal to and lure in consumers. In two experiments, the current research examines the extent to which such naming strategies have an impact on consumer behavior. Across both experiments, participants rated either color swatches (Experiment 1) or products (Experiment 2) that had either generic names (e.g., brown) or fancy names (e.g., mocha) attached to them. The results of each experiment revealed that names significantly influence how colors are perceived, and that fancy names result in significantly more favorable ratings than do generic names. Both theoretical and applied implications of this phenomenon are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unsaturated nitro sugars. Preparation of 4-O-acetyl-1,2-dideoxy-3,5-O-ethylidene-1-nitro-d-erythro-pent-1-enitol

Abstract The title compound was prepared from d -glucose in 10–25% overall yield in a 5-step sequence. Condensation of nitromethane with 2,4- O -ethylidene- d -erythrose according to the Sowden-Fischer procedure gave an approximately equimolar mixture of 1-deoxy-3,5- O -ethylidene-1-nitro- d -ribitol and the corresponding d -arabinitol derivative, which were separated by chromatography on silica gel. The mixture of nitrodiols was acetylated to the corresponding diacetates, which were not separated. Attempts were unsuccessful at dehydroacetoxylation of the latter by refluxing in benzene solution with sodium hydrogen carbonate or carbonate bases. However, dehydroacetoxylation occurred during chromatography of the diacetates on silica gel, and this proved to be a satisfactory method for preparing 4- O -acetyl-1,2-dideoxy-3,5- O -ethylidene-1-nitro- d - erythro -pent-1-enitol. New data are given for several previously known intermediate compounds prepared in this study.
On the Value of Binary Expansions for General Mixed-Integer Linear Programs

We study the use of binary variables in reformulating general mixed-integer linear programs. We show that binary reformulations result in problems for which almost all the binary variables replacing a general integer variable need to be explored during branching. We also give computational results on the performance of such reformulations in solving the mixed-integer programs, which support our theoretical results.
Narratives of melancholy: a humanities approach to depression

This paper explores narrative literature as a means of inquiry into the sense of self in depression. Described as a disease, an identity and a way of life, depression is influenced by both internal and external factors. Although brain research has provided new insight into the relationship between neurotransmitter function and depression, the symptoms are experienced by individuals whose lives are intertwined with historical and sociocultural interpretations of illness and its manifestations. At the intersection of science and the humanities, narratives aid in the interpretation of lived experiences, provide a window to that experience, and a public medium that engages writers and readers as they interpret the world. Engaging narratives to interpret both experience and medical jargon may reveal for both those experiencing depression and those engaged in their care, a way of mediating that experience. Narratives can help dissect and thus illuminate the official language of medicine and psychiatry and the personal language of depression. Such a window can enhance the opportunities for empathy and care.
Self-assembly of Surfactant-like Peptides with Variable Glycine Tails to Form Nanotubes and Nanovesicles

The self-assembly of surfactant-like peptides containing 4-10 glycines as the component of the hydrophobic tails and aspartic acids as the hydrophilic heads is described. The peptide monomers form nanotubes and nanovesicles in water at neutral pH. These nanostructures become more polydisperse as the length of the glycine tails increases. These unique structures may serve not only as scaffolds for constructing diverse nanodevices but also as enclosures to encapsulate rudimentary enzymes for studying prebiotic molecular evolution. Introduction. The design and fabrication of nanoscale devices require the discovery and development of novel materials. Traditional top-down approaches of processing materials to produce micrometer-sized structures may not scale down efficiently to produce finer material in the few nanometer regimes. On the other hand, the bottom-up approach of building up from the molecular level can be complementary to the traditional material processing meth- ods. One avenue to construct nanometer-sized materials is to learn from biology where all the tools and devices are built at the molecular scale through self-assembly and genetically and biochemically programmed assembly. These nanomaterials and molecular machines have inspired us to design new materials using the individual building blocks having dimensions in a few nanometers range. Similar to the construction of diverse architectural and complex structures using simple bricks, we are interested in using simple "molecular bricks", namely the building blocks of sophisticated biological systems: amino acids, nucleic acids, lipids, and sugars, to design and fabricate diverse molecular scaffolds, molecular devices, and molecular machines.
The insulinomimetic effects of the polar head group of an insulin-sensitive glycophospholipid on pyruvate dehydrogenase in both subcellular and whole cell assays

The polar head group that was released by treating an insulin-sensitive glycophospholipid with a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) stimulated pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in both subcellular and whole cell assays. Stimulation of PDH activity in the subcellular assay was detected after gel filtration chromatography of the polar head group. This stimulation was not due to the presence of contaminating calcium and magnesium. The PDH-stimulating activity was proportional to the amount of polar head group added to the assay. The effect of the polar head group on PDH in the subcellular assay was blocked by sodium fluoride, suggesting that the polar head group activated the PDH phosphatase. In the whole cell assay, the polar head group stimulated PDH activity to an equal or greater extent as a physiological concentration of insulin. The effect of the polar head group was detected at 5 min, peaked at 10 min, and declined thereafter. In contrast, insulin stimulated PDH activity more slowly, but consistently. The PDH-stimulating activity eluted after bacitracin but ahead of ATP during gel filtration chromatography, and it was destroyed by exposure to NH4OH or alkaline phosphatase and by boiling in water. These data support the proposal that an early step in insulin action is the release of insulinomimetic polar head group from the insulin-sensitive glycophospholipid.
Systematic Debugging Methods for Large-Scale HPC Computational Frameworks

Parallel computational frameworks for high-performance computing are central to the advancement of simulation-based studies in science and engineering. Unfortunately, finding and fixing bugs in these frameworks can be extremely time consuming. Left unchecked, these bugs can drastically diminish the amount of new science that can be performed. This article presents a systematic study of the Uintah Computational Framework and approaches to debug it more incisively. A key insight is to leverage the modular structure of Uintah, which lends itself to systematic debugging. In particular, the authors have developed a new approach based on coalesced stack trace graphs (CSTG) that summarize the system behavior in terms of key control flows manifested through function invocation chains. They illustrate several scenarios for how CSTGs could help efficiently localize bugs, and present a case study of how they found and fixed a real Uintah bug using CSTGs.
All rationalizations large and small.

(2003). All Rationalizations Large and Small. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 57-58.
Investigation of resistive wall instability in the 7-GeV APS storage ring

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring is a 7-GeV light source with 40 straight sections. Intense X-ray beams will be delivered by 34 insertion devices installed in these straight sections. The vacuum chamber for the insertion devices has an elliptical cross section with the gap equal to 8 mm. With this narrow gap, we estimate that the transverse impedance of the ring at the revolution frequency could be as high as 36 M/spl Omega/ from the resistive wall. By increasing the (unnormalized) chromaticity to 7, we cure the head-tail modes of order up to m=1 for all 60 coupled bunch mode patterns around the ring. Tracking results show that the increased sextupole strength resulting from a higher chromaticity does not significantly reduce the dynamic aperture. Since increased chromaticity alone cannot cure all the head-tail modes, the APS storage ring will have a feedback system to damp the rigid-bunch modes.
Making Tradeoffs in Designing Scientific Experiments - A Case Study with Multi-Level Factors

Planning scientific experiments involves a variety of statistical and logistical challenges requiring tradeoffs. The merits of different types of experimental designs need to be considered while accepting the reality of practical restraints. These issue..
Cholestatic hepatitis leading to hepatic failure in a patient with organ-transmitted hepatitis C virus infection

A 51-year-old heart transplant recipient who developed subfulminant hepatic failure because of organ-transmitted hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is described. He presented with a predominantly cholestatic liver damage after heart transplantation. An extensive evaluation, including abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography scan and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was unrevealing. Liver biopsy, however, was suggestive of a large duct obstruction with prominent portal and pericellular fibrosis, marked cholestasis, pericholangitis with marked ductural proliferation, and diffuse hepatocyte degeneration. Antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) was initially negative. He deteriorated in the ensuing 3 months. A repeat enzyme immunoassay-2 test for anti-HCV 4 months after initial presentation was weakly positive. Quantitation of serum HCV RNA by branched DNA assay revealed high level viremia, 547 × 10 6 genome equivalents per milliliter. Using in situ polymerase chain reaction, HCV RNA was detected in the cytoplasm in >80% of the hepatocytes. The patient underwent interferon alfa therapy, and serum HCV RNA levels were reduced 20-fold after four doses. Unfortunately, the patient developed pulmonary aspergillosis and died. This case illustrates that in immunosuppressed patients anti-HCV is not a good marker for the diagnosis of HCV infection, and HCV can cause a progressive form of cholestatic liver disease mimicking a large duct obstruction.
Ontological Considerations When Modeling Missing Data With Relational Databases

SQL's use of nulls to indicate missing data in relational databases has been criticized as violating the relational model. In this article, I review this critique and two popular recommendations of resolution. The first is to retire SQL's multivalued logic and replace it with a conventional binary logic. The second is to revise SQL's implementation of multivalued logic so that it can recognize tautological propositions. I argue that underlying this debate is an ontological disagreement about how to properly model missing data and, more generally, social reality. I demonstrate that the relational model provides useful tools for modeling different types of missing data in different ways and, furthermore, offers a useful foundation upon which to conduct social research, one that supports both variable-oriented and case-oriented analysis.
Movement paths reveal scale-dependent habitat decisions by Canada lynx

We documented the relative grain at which Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) perceive habitat heterogeneity using fractal dimension of foraging paths. We evaluated whether lynx expended greater foraging effort (i.e., greater fractal dimension of movement paths) in patches with the highest density of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), or in patches with intermediate densities of prey where lower stem densities and greater visibility promote increased mobility and access to prey. Lynx foraged within patches with intermediate to high hare density and intermediate cover for hares, and thus, attempted to maximize access to prey rather than exposure to habitats with highest prey density but optimal escape cover. Fractal dimension of movement paths was greater within preferred than in nonpreferred habitats and corresponded with higher foraging success in preferred habitats. Movement paths were more tortuous at broader than finer scales, suggesting that lynx were exhibiting stronger coarse-grained than fine-grained habitat preferences. Higher fractal dimension of movement paths reduced the number of transitions between patches of higher and lower foraging quality, resulting in individual movement patterns matching the scale of interpatch variation in hare abundance and accessibility within home ranges. Lynx made their strongest foraging decisions when exhibiting higher-order resource selection, so focusing conservation efforts to alter within-patch structure may be less effective than creating patch- and landscape-scale conditions that enhance foraging success. Coarse-grained resource selection by wide-ranging carnivores may reduce the importance of fine-scale conservation efforts and emphasizes the importance of focusing conservation for these coarse-grained species on factors influencing home-range quality and maintenance of viable landscapes. DOI: 10.1644/10-MAMM-A-005.1.
Measuring clinical outcome. Briefing paper from the British Dietetic Association Professional Development Committee.

At the present time, there are many fundamental issues coming from the Department of Health or from other national organizations, which will have an effect on the future development of the dietetic profession. The British Diatetic Association (BDA) Professional Development Committee will consider these issues, as and when appropriate, and will publish the information in the form of Briefing Papers. The first Briefing Paper on ‘Quality Assurance’ was published by the BDA in November 1989. The second on ‘Measuring clinical outcome’ is published below. In each case the opinion of BDA members and specialist groups has been sought and the Professional Development Committee wishes to thank individuals and the specialist groups for their comments. The Briefing Papers are intended to provide information and promote discussion among the membership. I would welcome further comments from readers, which may be directed to the British Dietetic Association Office.
Sources of Inflation in Developing Countries: Evidence from some West African Countries

The paper examines the determinants of inflation in some West African countries. Using the Johansen technique and time series between 1970q1 and 2010q4 the study determines whether inflation in these African countries is mainly imported (via import prices and exchange rate movements) or predominantly a function of domestic factors. Our results indicated that money supply, exchange rate movements, income and foreign prices have significant influences on the inflation rate in the long run. Also, short run dynamics based on an error correction model indicated that money supply, exchange rate and income, and in some countries foreign prices have notable effects on inflation.
Digital resistance and tendon strength during the first week after flexor digitorum profundus tendon repair in a canine model in vivo.

Background: After flexor tendon repair, the strength of the repair and the resistance to digital motion are important considerations in deciding when to initiate postoperative rehabilitation. Our objective was to assess these factors in a short-term in vivo canine model of flexor tendon repair. Methods: Forty-eight dogs were randomly allocated to four groups based on the duration of postoperative follow-up (one, three, five, or seven days). In each group, two flexor digitorum profundus tendons of one forepaw were exposed. One tendon (the repair tendon) was sharply transected and repaired with a modified Kessler suture, and the other one (the sham tendon) was simply exposed without laceration. The involved paw was immobilized until the animal was killed on the designated day. Three tendons from each dog, including the repair tendon, the sham tendon, and a control tendon from a corresponding normal digit on the contralateral side, were tested. Results: The mean peak total digital resistance force in the repair group was lowest at five days (p 0.05 compared with one and three days). The mean peak force needed to overcome the internal gliding resistance between the repaired tendon and sheath was significantly higher than that in both the sham and control groups at all time-points (p 0.05). Conclusions: When we evaluated tendon-gliding and suture strength after flexor tendon repair, the least favorable ratio of repair strength to force needed to overcome the resistance to digital motion was noted on Day 7, whereas the best combination of tendon strength and low peak resistance force was noted on Day 5. Clinical Relevance: The results of the present study suggest that postoperative Day 5 may be the best time to begin rehabilitation, with either active or passive therapies, as the amount of tendon force necessary to initiate tendon motion is least at this time.
Attitudes Toward and Sexual Partnerships With Drug Dealers Among Young Adult African American Females in Socially Disorganized Communities

Drug markets in disadvantaged African American neighborhoods have altered social and sexual norms as well as sexual networks, which impact an individual’s risk of contracting a sexually transmitted...
Histologic examination of canned beef dog food: what does it really contain?

This study provides a histologic examination of twelve cans of beef dog food and assesses the contents of each brand. Two random samples from each of twelve cans of beef dog food were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, sectioned at 4 microns, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The percentage of meat content (defined as skeletal muscle content) was estimated by superimposing a grid over photomicrographs (n = 7 each sample); the number of grid line intersections overlying skeletal muscle tissue (meat) was recorded and used to determine an estimate of the meat content. The percentage of meat content ranged from 0.2 to 13.6% (median 1.3%). There was no correlation between meat content and the calculated cost per ounce of food (range $0.04–$0.47; median $0.15). In the brands examined, a relatively small portion of the contents of canned beef dog food comprised meat, despite the labeling which advertised ‘beef’ on each can. There was no correlation between cost and the estimated meat content. A variety of ...
RISK OF LEFT VENTRICULAR THROMBUS AFTER STEMI IN THE PRIMARY PCI ERA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Left ventricular thrombus (LVT) is an important complication of myocardial infarction (MI). However, the published rates of LVT since the advent of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) are inconsistent, ranging from under 2% to over 34%. In order to better estimate this prevalence, we
The molecular basis for ANE syndrome revealed by the large ribosomal subunit processome interactome

ANE syndrome is a rare genetic disease that causes many problems including hair loss, mental retardation and a failure to develop normally during puberty. A study of 5 boys in the same family that were all born with the condition revealed that the disease is caused by a small change (or mutation) in a protein called RBM28. While little is known about the role of human RBM28, it is known that the equivalent protein in yeast – known as Nop4 – plays a critical role in forming a network of proteins needed to assemble ribosomes, the machines that make proteins. McCann et al. investigated how such a small mutation in human RBM28 could cause disease and whether this involves interrupting the assembly of ribosomes. The experiments show that introducing the same mutation into yeast Nop4 impaired the ability of Nop4 to form the network of proteins needed for ribosomes to assemble. This ultimately restricted the growth of the yeast. Further experiments revealed that the mutation also alters the shape of the human RBM28 protein. The main challenges for the future are to find out whether human RBM28 plays a similar role in ribosome assembly as the yeast protein, and to work out how disrupting ribosome assembly could lead to the symptoms of ANE syndrome.
Survey on the infection rate of tuberculosis among medical staffs of the institutions for province tuberculosis prevention and control

Objective To study the infection rate of tuberculosis among medical staffs of the institutions for tuberculosis prevention and control. Methods Cross-sectional study was adopted, Randomly selected 40 counties from 109 counties and all municipal TB control institutions(18), all medical staffs in these institutions received PPD skin test examination.Results 1 486 medical staffs received PPD skin test, the positive rate was 66.1 %. Of which resident physicians、outpatient physicians、hospital cares、radiation workers、supervisors were 75.9 %、75.3 %、74.6 %、72.3 %、71.8 %,respectively.Using Chi-square test, the medical staffs of the PPD skin test positive rate and strong positive rate were significantly higher than the non-medical staffs. Conclustions Infection control in this Province TB control institutions was weak, the medical staffs had a high vocational TB exposure risk.
Ancient Antioch: From the Seleucid Era to the Islamic Conquest

From late fourth century BC Seleucid enclave to capital of the Roman east, Antioch on the Orontes was one of the greatest cities of antiquity and served as a hinge between east and west. This book draws on a century of archaeological fieldwork to offer a new narrative of Antioch's origins and growth, as well as its resilience, civic pride, and economic opportunism. Situating the urban nucleus in the context of the rural landscape, this book integrates hitherto divorced cultural basins, including the Amuq Valley and the Massif Calcaire. It also brings into focus the archaeological data, thus proposing a concrete interpretative framework that, grounded in the monuments of Antioch, enables the reader to move beyond text-based reconstructions of the city's history. Finally, it considers the interaction between the environment and the people of the city who shaped this region and forged a distinct identity within the broader Greco-Roman world.
Complete Metric Spaces

The notion of a Cauchy sequence plays a very important role in the study of the real numbers and can be generalized to metric spaces immediately. A Cauchy sequence is a sequence whose elements become arbitrarily close to each other as the sequence progresses. More precisely, given any small positive distance, all but a finite number of elements of the sequence are less than that given distance from each other. The property of being a Cauchy sequence depends strongly on the particular metric for the space, in the sense that equivalent metrics cannot have the same Cauchy sequences. Every metric space is isometric to a dense subset of a complete metric space and all completions of a metric space are isometric. However, the completion of a metric space is separable if the space is separable. A metric space is complete if it is absolutely closed. A metric space is complete if the intersection of every nested sequence of nonempty closed balls with radii tending to zero is nonempty.
Association Between Stigma and Depression Outcomes Among Chinese Immigrants in a Primary Care Setting.

OBJECTIVE Stigma has been proposed to be a major underlying factor contributing to lower rates of mental health service utilization among racial/ethnic minorities in the United States. Yet, surprisingly little research has specifically explored associations between stigma, race/ethnicity, and psychiatric morbidity. This study aims to assess the impact of stigmatizing attitudes on depression outcomes among a psychiatrically underserved, immigrant Chinese population. METHODS Between 2009 and 2012, 190 Chinese immigrants with major depressive disorder as diagnosed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview were enrolled in a trial of culturally sensitive collaborative care for depression. Participants' self-reported stigma regarding their symptoms was assessed at study entry using the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue, and depressive symptoms were assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) at baseline and follow-up. Hierarchical linear regression was used to assess the association between baseline stigma score and change in HDRS score, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Higher stigma scores at baseline were significantly associated with attenuated improvement in both HDRS score and quality of life at 6 months (P < .05 for both). CONCLUSIONS Stigma has a directly harmful effect on depression outcomes, even after individuals have been accurately diagnosed within a culturally sensitive community health center and agreed to treatment. These results support further research into interventions targeting stigma to improve mental health outcomes among minority populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from the randomized controlled trial registered by ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00854542.
Adjustment and Other Factors Related to High School Aged Students Identified as Hearing Impaired.

Healthy social, emotional and cognitive development of deaf children depends upon complex interactions between the many individual and environmental factors associated with deafness. Deaf children and adolescents have been reported to possess greater rates of mental health problems than hearing children and adolescents. Dysfunction in one or more systems impacts the other systems in the child’s life. Dysfunction increases the risk for maladjustment and poor mental and emotional health. Deaf youth are at greater risk for disruption in interactions between the child and their environment and therefore are also at greater risk for social and emotional problems. Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult was used to gain a better understanding of deaf student’s feelings of acceptance at school, reported positive feelings, academic grades and future plans. Twelve (12) deaf students were included in a total of 456 youth participants from across the county. No significant differences were found between the two groups.
To Share or Not to Share? Social Processes of Learning to Share Food Among Hadza Hunter-Gatherer Children

The importance of food sharing is tacit in evolutionary models of life history, family formation, and altruism, yet the ontogeny of such behaviors is not well understood. Given that childhood is argued to be the time when other-regarding preferences and egalitarianism develop, it is critical to evaluate how the development of food sharing may influence prosociality. In this chapter, the social processes of learning to share food among Hadza hunter-gatherer children are explored. I combine naturalistic observations of food sharing, experimental data on other-regarding preferences, and ethnographic interview data to determine processes of cultural transmission. The results suggest that Hadza children routinely share food with both related and unrelated partners, although preferentially share with kin. They exhibit many processes of social learning, including observation, imitation, participation, reinforcement, play, and teaching. These data support recent suggestions that prosociality and egalitarianism develop strongly during middle childhood when children acquire the normative rules of their society.
Assessing aggregate reallocation effects with heterogeneous inputs, and evidence across countries

Theoretically, reallocating an input from a firm where the input has low marginal product to a firm where the input has high marginal product would increase aggregate productivity without any underlying change in technology. This paper argues that measuring these reallocation effects requires accounting for detailed input types because, for example, differences in wages across producers often reflect the skill mix of workers, not allocative inefficiency. The paper develops an approach to measuring reallocation that accounts for worker skill and the composition of capital assets, thus focuses on the set of countries for which this information is available. The results show once input heterogeneity is accounted for, the effects of reallocation on aggregate productivity were small on average, but sizable in a subset of countries. Panel regressions indicate that reallocation effects are related to population distribution and government effectiveness.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ALGORITHM TO ASSIST CLINICAL ENGINEERS TO PLAN FOR CLINICAL MONITORING SYSTEMS

The diffusion of technology in medicine and skyrocketing of hospital costs have complicated the tasks of hospital administrations in the selection and purchase of sophisticated patient monitoring systems. This thesis, as a result of a one year clinical internship at the OSU hospitals and close observation of the acquisition of their computer based monitoring system, reviews the existing planning methods, criteria and guidelines for a cardiac care unit's monitoring system. Based on these, this thesis develops a comprehensive technical assistance document to aid decision makers such as clinical biomedical engineers, cardiologists and administrators to formulate their plans and review applications for cardiac care intensive services. The purpose of this thesis is also to aid prospective clinical-biomedical engineering students, as it clearly demarcates the responsibilities of engineers in hospital environments and identifies the interface between him and other health professionals in processes such as selection and purchase of patient monitoring systems for cardiac care units.
Intellectual Freedom in Academic Libraries: Surveying Deans about its Significance

In this study, deans and directors of academic libraries were surveyed about intellectual freedom. The survey found that most respondents said they rarely think about intellectual freedom yet said it was “somewhat” or “very” important in their libraries. Most did not have formal intellectual freedom policies; they often relied on statements from the American Library Association or other library organizations. Copyright/intellectual property, privacy, plagiarism, and academic freedom were the most important concerns related to intellectual freedom. Although this study shed some light on intellectual freedom in academic libraries, further work remains to be done.