cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ein Algorithmus zur Berechnung einer Minimalbasis über Gegebener Ordnung

Fur viele algebraische und zahlentheoretische Anwendungen ist es erforderlich, eine gegebene Ordnung in eine Maximalordnung einzubetten. Obwohl es bekannt ist, das sich das konstruktiv erreichen last, wird, wie ich denke, ein wohldefinierter Algorithmus, der weniger speziell als der Berwick’sehe ist und im allgemeinen schneller zum Ziele fuhrt, von Interesse sein.
Flexible architecture approach to knowledge-based analogue IC design

A new design methodology for knowledge-based analogue IC design is presented. Due to the nonlinear nature of the analogue design process, iterations are always necessary to achieve accurate and reliable designs. A prototype expert system design assistant and a conventional circuit simulator are used for the iterative design process. The expert system employed is capable of optimising circuit topologies, as well as circuit element geometries, to better satisfy the performance specifications. Circuit reconstruction is achieved through circuit primitive replacements and design equation substitutions. Circuit primitive and critical nodes are processed before layout generation to minimise undesired parasitic effects. Layout parasitics can be included optionally in the design optimisation step. Experimental results are shown, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the flexible architecture approach through iteration and the expert analogue design system.
Transient detection in the presence of strong narrowband interference via Wigner-Ville spectrum

We consider the problem of detecting a known Gaussian random transient in the presence of a strong known random Gaussian narrowband interference. This can be regarded as a special case of the classical problem of detecting a known Gaussian random signal in known Gaussian colored noise. There exists a standard solution for such a problem based on the classical optimum detector for random signals in noise. However such a detector does not explicitly use the non-stationary character of the signal as a priori available information. Reformulation of the optimum detection in the time-frequency plane allows one to exploit this distinguishing signal feature and suppress the stationary interference and noise. This is accomplished here by use of the Wigner-Ville signal representation and an optimum signal/noise subspace decomposition that maximizes the transient signal to noise ratio. The new detection procedure eliminates the subspace where major part of the energy of random noise sample will fall while retaining almost all of the signal energy. In this fashion a gain in the output signal to noise ratio is achieved as verified by simulations.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ocean science education looks to the future

Ocean scientists must present societally “important” issues neutrally, as they did in connection with El Nino without resorting to advocacy At the same time, however, ocean scientists miss vital opportunities to inform the public if they take no political positions at all, as occurred in connection with a recent swordfish boycott by consumers in the northeastern United States. These were some of the comments of William Spitzer, Director of Education at the Boston Aquarium, at a symposium titled “Ocean Science and Engineering Education, Meeting the Challenge.” The meeting was part of last falls 30th anniversary celebration of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography and Applied Ocean Science and Engineering.
Development of a fluorescent light technique for evaluating microdamage in bone subjected to fatigue loading.

A new method using fluorescent light microscopy has been developed to visualize and evaluate bone microdamage. We report the findings of two different experiments with a common aim of comparing the fluorescent light technique to the brightfield method for quantifying microdamage in bone. In Experiment 1, 36 canine femurs were tested in four-point cyclic bending until they had lost between 5 and 43% of their stiffness. The loaded portion of the bone was stained en bloc with basic fuchsin for the presence of damage. Standard point counting techniques were used to calculate fractional damaged area (Dm.Ar = Cr.Ar/B.Ar, mm2/mm2) under brightfield and fluorescent microscopy. In Experiment 2, bone microdamage adjacent to endosseous implants, subjected to fatigue loading (150,000 cycles, 2 Hz and 37 degrees C) ex vivo was examined. The bone around the implant was either allowed to heal (adapted specimen) for 12 weeks after placement in dog mid-femoral diaphyses prior to testing or was loaded immediately to simulate non-healed bone surrounding endosseous implants (non-adapted). Crack numerical density (Cr.Dn = Cr.N/B.Ar, #/mm2), crack surface density (Cr.S.Dn = Tt.Cr.Le/B.Ar, mm/mm2) and fractional damaged area were calculated separately by both techniques in the adapted and non-adapted specimens. In both Experiments 1 and 2, significantly more microdamage was detected by the fluorescent technique than by the brightfield method. Also, there was a trend towards higher intraobserver repeatability when using the fluorescent method. These results suggest that the brightfield technique underestimates microdamage accumulation and that the fluorescent technique better represents the actual amounts of microdamage present. The results demonstrate that the fluorescent method provides an accurate and precise approach for bone microdamage evaluation, and that it improves the prediction of stiffness loss from damage accumulation.
RELATIVE POTENCY OF GLUCAGON AND EPINEPHRINE AS HEPATIC GLYCOGENOLYTIC AGENTS: STUDIES WITH THE ISOLATED PERFUSED RAT LIVER.

Glucagon induced slight glycogenolysis in the isolated perfused rat liver at concentrations of 0.4 μg/liter of plasma and substantial effects at moderately higher concentrations. These levels are comparable to those resulting from endogenous secretion of this hormone. In contrast, the minimal glycogenolytic concentration of epinephrine was about 140 μg/liter of plasma, far higher than any levels known to occur naturally in mammalian species. It is concluded that glucagon is a physiologic hepatic glycogenolytic agent, while the direct contribution of epinephrine to hyperglycemia is limited to its peripheral effects. (Endocrinology 74: 930, 1964)
Induction of 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in rat corpora lutea of pregnancy by prostaglandin F2α

Abstract 20α-OH-SDH is a marker of luteolysis in rat corpora lutea and appearance of this enzyme is inhibited by prolactin but stimulated by LH or hCG. PGF 2 α induced 20 α-OH-SDH activity in corpora lutea of pregnant rats and a significant fall in peripheral plasma progesterone concentrations when administered i.m. for two consecutive days. Rats treated with PGF 2 α on days 8 and 9 of pregnancy were resorbing implants by day 10. Exogenous progesterone, but not estrogen, prevented implant resorption, yet 20 α-OH-SDH appeared in the corpora marking luteolysis. HCG, LH and prolactin, but not FSH, prevented pregnancy termination and inhibited induction of 20 α-OH-SDH in rats treated with PGF 2 α in early pregnancy. PGF 2 α also induced 20α-OH-SDH in luteal tissue of intact and hypophysectomized rats treated on days 14 and 15 of pregnancy, but neither exogenous steroids or gonadotrophins blocked the induction of the enzyme in rats treated at this time. The increase in lutein 20α-OH-SDH activity during the peripartal period was partially blocked by administration of the prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibitor, indomethacin, suggesting a role for endogenous prostaglandins in the induction of 20α-OH-SDH at term. It appears that PGF 2 α acts directly on the ovary to induce 20α-OH-SDH activity by preventing the luteotrophic action of prolactin. Other luteal NADPH-dependent dehydrogenase activities are not markedly stimulated following PGF 2 α administration.
Photoproduction of Single Charged Pions from Deuterium and Hydrogen

Differential cross sections for the photoproduction of single charged pions from deuterium and hydrogen have been measured at pion center-of-mass angles between 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and at photon energies between 3.0 and 3.7 GeV. The ratio of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ to ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ cross sections from deuterium is found to be appreciably smaller than 1.
First-Generation Dendritic Polysilanes

Dendritic molecules have been constructed with only silicon−silicon linkages. Crystal structures have been obtained for three such molecules in which the core silicon is bonded to three silicons and each polysilyl wing branches once (one dendrimer generation). The three crystal structures differ in the number of spacer silicons between the core and the branch-point silicons and in the level of branching, which can be either 2-fold or 3-fold. Solution and mass spectral evidence was found for a fourth first-generation dendrimer. Despite having no all-anti pathway, these dendrimers show long-wavelength ultraviolet absorption. Because of the multiplicity of polysilane pathways, the ultraviolet absorption is intense, in one case 1 order of magnitude higher than for a comparable linear polysilane. The dendrimers are nonfluorescent at room temperature. The crystal structures provide quantitative data on numerous tetrasilane fragments, whose conformations fall into three families: gauche with dihedral angles in ...
Integrated Library Security Systems

This article offers guidelines for libraries considering purchasing an integrated digital video surveillance system based on the experience of the Auburn University Libraries. Factors considered in the decision of what system to purchase includes computers in place, the security needed to protect them, and past and present campus security issues. The article also covers the technical aspects of closed-circuit television (CCTV) and integrated Internet protocol (IP) camera surveillance systems and provides a brief explanation of how the equipment works. It summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of both analog and digital systems and provides a list of digital system company resellers.
A control policy for multi-item inventories with fluctuating demand using simulation

Abstract This paper presents a simple and practical approach to determine control policies for a multi-item inventory environment where the items are ordered from a single supplier and the demand for items may be subject to severe fluctuations. A modified order level control policy is developed which allows for varying order levels to accomodate the wide demand fluctuations. The time between orders can either be fixed or based on accumulating a fixed order quantity for all products. This accumulation may be important where car load ordering results in reduced freight rates, quantity discounts, etc. The primary design parameter, termed the Inventory Factor, allows the user to balance carrying and stock-out costs. A simulation procedure is used to determine the appropriate value of the Inventory Factor. An operational system structure is developed and actual experience with the system is related.
Gender Equality and Conflicting Attitudes Toward Women in Post-Communist Romania

The idea of gender equality has been and still is an exogenous concept in Romanian culture. Initially introduced and institutionalized by communist ideology after World War II along with other utopian egalitarian principles, gender equality remains to this day a somewhat alien concept in practice for the majority of the Romanian population. Nevertheless, in the early twenty-first century, with renewed economic growth and more liberal governance in Romania, the gender equality debate has intensified, and multiple advocacies now compete on the political and social arenas. The most notable actors shaping current attitudes toward women in Romania are the Orthodox Church, political parties, feminist organizations, and the media.
Systemic addiction to research funding

Although Alberts et al. (1) correctly identify many of the systemic problems facing investigator-initiated research funding, their solutions appear (to me) similar to that of an addict demanding that others save them from themselves.
Robustness of Tail Index Estimation

Abstract The implementation of the Hill estimator, which estimates the heaviness of the tail of a distribution, requires a choice of the number of extreme observations in the tails, r from a sample of size n where 2 ≤ r + 1 ≤ n. This article is concerned with a robust procedure of choosing an optimal r. Thus, an estimation procedure, δ s , based on the idea of spacing statistics, H(r) is developed. The proposed decision rule for choosing r under the squared error loss is found to be a simple function of the sample size. The proposed rule is then illustrated across a wide range of data, including insurance claims, currency exchange rate returns, and city size.
Causal Modeling of Psychological Success in Work Organizations

This paper demonstrates the applicability of path analysis to the study of psychological success in work organizations by reanalyzing three previously published studies. Two examples test and estim...
Direct effect of contrast material on atrioventricular conduction in the denervated human heart.

Abstract Bradycardia and hypotension frequently occur during diagnostic coronary arteriography. 1–3 This response is due at least partly to a cholinergic reflex, which is elicited by stimulation of myocardial chemoreceptors sensitive to contrast material. 2 Bradyarrhythmias observed in patients given atropine may be due either to incomplete parasympathetic cholinergic blockade or a direct effect of contrast dye on the sinus or atrioventricular (AV) nodes. However, a direct effect of contrast material on the human sinus or AV nodes has not been clearly demonstrated. Angiography in a cardiac transplant recipient provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the effect of contrast material on the denervated human heart. This report documents a direct effect of contrast material on conduction in the AV node in such a patient.
HIGHLY EFFICIENT CONFORMER-SPECIFIC ADIABATIC CIS TRANS PHOTOISOMERIZATION OF CIS-1-(2-ANTHRYL)-2-PHENYLETHENE IN S1

Emission from cis-1-(2-anthryl)-2-phenylethene, c-APE, in toluene consists primarily (up to 76%) of fluorescence from adiabatically formed 1 t-APEB*. In this respect, the behavior of c-APE is analo...
Competitive Reactions to Market Entry: Explaining Interfirm Differences

Competitive reactions are recognized as a driving force influencing marketing decisions. The authors seek to explain how established competitors in an oligopoly react to a significant new entry in ...
Domestic and international forest regime nexus in Cameroon: An assessment of the effectiveness of REDD+ policy design strategy in the context of the climate change regime.

Abstract The major goals of forest governance arrangements are sustainable forest management (SFM), poverty alleviation, and enhancement of forest biodiversity. However, in recent years, climate change mitigation, through reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD + 1 ) has emerged as one of the most important aspects of forest governance arrangements. This is due to the fact that REDD + has the potential to provide a framework for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation while addressing rural poverty and conserving forest biodiversity at the same time. In other words, the REDD + scheme provides co-benefits beyond its main goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, REDD + is seen by many forest governance experts as a scheme that has the potential to slow down deforestation in a country like Cameroon, which arguably, has the highest rate of deforestation in the Congo Basin. However, this will depend on the effectiveness of Cameroon's REDD + policy strategy, its efficiency in meeting its objectives at the lowest cost, and its ability to equitably distribute costs and benefits associated with the scheme. This paper assesses the effectiveness of REDD + policy design in Cameroon within the context of the climate change regime. The paper employs the policy design approach to analyze four components of Cameroon's REDD + policy design framework — governance and institutional arrangement; emissions baseline; leakage and scale; and technical issues. An economic-based assessment of the forest transition curve and the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) reveals limitations that could render the REDD + scheme cost ineffective for Cameroon. The paper suggests that Cameroon would have to focus on strengthening its existing governance structures and nurturing its forest related international agreements, if it is to design a REDD + policy strategy that is consistent with the “nested” climate change regime approach.
Unrestricted Hartree–Fock then and now

The unrestricted Hartree–Fock model of interacting electrons originated as an approximation that incorporates exchange-polarization effects for open-shell atoms and molecules. Spontaneous symmetry-breaking is described by this model, in particular for dissociating covalent bonds, but is limited to exchange in the Hartree–Fock context. When this model is extended to an orbital functional theory, which can include quantitative effects of electronic correlation, it becomes a widely applicable formalism for many-body theory. This conceptual extension is discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Efficient Extrapolation Methods for ODEs

Les methodes d'extrapolation pour la resolution du probleme de valeur initiale pour un systeme d'equations differentielles avance l'integration d'un pas en combinant le resultat d'un nombre de sous-integrations effectuees avec une methode simple et une taille de pas fixee. On etudie l'influence du choix de la taille du pas
Influence of nutrient additions and initial density of plants on production of waterhyacinth Eichhornia crassipes

Abstract Additions of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus greatly increased the biomass of waterhyacinths in ponds. Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in dried waterhyacinths were generally greatest in plants from pond waters with the highest concentrations of these nutrients. When small waterhyacinths were stocked in enclosures, they produced vegetative offset until the enclosures were packed with plants. The plants grew rapidly in height after enclosures were packed. Accumulation of dry matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus was greatest when plants were growing in height.
Experimental Survey of Nuclear Transformations Caused by 2-Mev Lithium Ions

Ion beams of ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}$ or ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}$, between 1 and 2 Mev in kinetic energy, produced in a Van de Graaff accelerator were used to bombard targets containing light elements and some of the induced nuclear reaction products were detected. Detection was by observation of the induced radioactivity, or by counting charged particles, or by activation of copper by means of the fast neutrons produced. Existence of the following reactions was demonstrated: Yield vs bombarding-energy curves were obtained for the Li-Li reactions and the ${\mathrm{Be}}^{9}$ reaction producing ${\mathrm{Li}}^{8}$. Resonances in the yield were not observed. Some of the reactions are capable of producing neutrons of 20-Mev energy; the existence of neutrons above 11 Mev was demonstrated by initiating the reaction ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{63}(n, 2n){\mathrm{Cu}}^{62}$, which requires this energy.A search for the production of ${\mathrm{N}}^{13}$ from the reaction ${\mathrm{B}}^{10}$(${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}$, ${\mathrm{H}}^{4}$)${\mathrm{N}}^{13}$ through the range of bombarding energy indicated by the mass range through which ${\mathrm{H}}^{4}$ would be stable against heavy-particle breakup gave a null result, indicating that ${\mathrm{H}}^{4}$ is unstable.Estimates for the yield at 2-Mev bombarding energy were made for all reactions except that leading to ${\mathrm{F}}^{17}$.
Tape depth and germination method influence patterns of salt accumulation with subsurface drip irrigation

Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) can result in accumulation of soluble salts at or near the soil surface. In the southwestern USA, rainfall is usually inadequate for stand establishment, thus supplemental irrigation is necessary. Use of sprinklers to minimize salt concentrations near the soil surface is an alternative to using SDI for stand establishment. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of germination method (irrigation with SDI or sprinklers), depth of SDI tape (0.18 and 0.25 m), and irrigation water salinity (1.5 and 2.6 dS m-1) on salt and Br distribution after each of two consecutive growing seasons. Treatments consisted of factorial combinations of these three factors. Bromide was used to trace salt accumulation from the drip tape. After season 1, the highest salt concentrations (ECe up to 11 dS m-1) were in the top 3 cm of soil. Below 3 cm, soil EC dropped significantly and remained constant to 1.05 m. Similarly, Br concentrations were highest in the top 3 cm of soil. The mass of salt and Br recovered in the top 3 cm were significantly affected by tape depth, and water EC significantly affected salt mass. Salt present in the soil after season 1 adversely affected crop emergence in season 2, where SDI was used for stand establishment. After season 2, the highest salt and Br concentrations were at about 25 cm depth, probably due to ~210 mm of rainfall that occurred near the end of the growing season. There were no significant differences among treatments in the mass of either salt or Br in the top 3 cm or 16 cm of the soil profile after season 2. Timely rainfall, transplanting rather than direct seeding, and changing bed geometry can reduce dependence on sprinklers for stand establishment
A train-the-trainer approach to a shared pharmacogenomics curriculum for US colleges and schools of pharmacy.

Objective. To assess pharmacy faculty trainers’ perceptions of a Web-based train-the-trainer program for PharmGenEd, a shared pharmacogenomics curriculum for health professional students and licensed clinicians. Methods. Pharmacy faculty trainers (n=58, representing 39 colleges and schools of pharmacy in the United States and 1 school from Canada) participated in a train-the-trainer program consisting of up to 9 pharmacogenomics topics. Posttraining survey instruments assessed faculty trainers’ perceptions toward the training program and the likelihood of their adopting the educational materials as part of their institution’s curriculum. Results. Fifty-five percent of faculty trainers reported no prior formal training in pharmacogenomics. There was a significant increase (p<0.001) in self-reported ability to teach pharmacogenomics to pharmacy students after participants viewed the webinar and obtained educational materials. Nearly two-thirds (64%) indicated at least a “good” likelihood of adopting PharmGenEd materials at their institution during the upcoming academic year. More than two-thirds of respondents indicated interest in using PharmGenEd materials to train licensed health professionals, and 95% indicated that they would recommend the program to other pharmacy faculty members. Conclusion. As a result of participating in the train-the-trainer program in pharmacogenomics, faculty member participants gained confidence in teaching pharmacogenomics to their students, and the majority of participants indicated a high likelihood of adopting the program at their institution. A Web-based train-the-trainer model appears to be a feasible strategy for training pharmacy faculty in pharmacogenomics.
Coronary CT angiography reduces unnecessary admissions and allows safe discharge of emergency department patients with low-to-intermediate risk chest pain

Commentary on: Litt HI, Gatsonis C, Snyder B, et al. CT angiography for safe discharge of patients with possible acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1393–403.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Chest pain is the second-most common reason for visiting the emergency department (ED). Due to diagnostic uncertainty and medicolegal concerns, many such patients are admitted to undergo diagnostic evaluation to exclude acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The availability of a safe, rapid, non-invasive and highly accurate diagnostic test to exclude ACS has remained a holy grail in the ED. A total of 1370 low-to-intermediate risk adult patients presenting to one of five EDs in the USA with chest pain and suspected ACS were randomised to coronary CT angiography (CCTA) or to standard care. Patients with … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNew%2BEngland%2BJournal%2Bof%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DNEJM%26rft.issn%253D0028-4793%26rft.aulast%253DLitt%26rft.auinit1%253DH.%2BI.%26rft.volume%253D366%26rft.issue%253D15%26rft.spage%253D1393%26rft.epage%253D1403%26rft.atitle%253DCT%2Bangiography%2Bfor%2Bsafe%2Bdischarge%2Bof%2Bpatients%2Bwith%2Bpossible%2Bacute%2Bcoronary%2Bsyndromes.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa1201163%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F22449295%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa1201163&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=22449295&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F18%2F2%2F64.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000302608600003&link_type=ISI
Absolutely divergent series and classes of Banach spaces

A normed space E is said to be series immersed in a Banach space X if for every absolutely divergent series n x n in E there is a continuous linear mapping T from E into X such that n T x n diverges absolutely. The theorem of Dvoretzky and Rogers(1) implies that a normed space E is series immersed in a finite dimensional space if and only if E itself is finite dimensional. In (4) and (9) it was shown that E is series immersed in l p 1 p E is isomorphic to a subspace of L p () for some measure . In particular, E is isomorphic to an inner product space if and only if it is series immersed in a Hilbert space. The property of series immersion was further studied in the papers (7) and (8). The main results in these two papers are conditions on X under which E series immersed in X would imply E locally immersed in X , a condition slightly stronger (formally) than E finitely representable in X .
The robust maximum-coverage problem

The maximum coverage problem is a staple of facility location theory, and has more recently been extended to the covering facility interdiction problem, in which covering facilities are chosen for interdiction so as to minimize the resultant coverage. This paper considers the opposite to the interdiction problem, selecting facilities to maximize coverage after the worst-case interdiction. Solutions to this problem would inform facility placement when intentional disruption is feared, or when guaranteeing minimum coverages in the presence of random facility outages. Several approaches to the problem are considered, primarily derivatives of approaches to the structurally similar maximum coverage problem. An integer linear program formulation proves infeasible for problems of even modest size, despite exclusion of many non-binding constraints, but heuristic approaches (again adaptations of maximum coverage heuristics) show promise in both efficiency and solutions quality.
DIFFERENTIAL DETERMINATION OF THIAMINE AND ITS PHOSPHATES, HYDROXYETHYLTHIAMINE AND PYRITHIAMINE, IN RAT BRAIN

A reliable and convenient method for the fluorometric determination of free thiamine, the di- and triphosphate esters of thiamine (TDP+TTP), hydroxyethylthiamine (HET) and pyrithiamine (PTH) in individual rat brain tissue is presented. The thiamine phosphate esters, as well as HET and PTH, were extracted from the tissue by homogenizing the rat brain in cold 0.3 M HClO4. The di- plus triphosphate esters of thiamine were isolated by passing an appropriate aliquot of the extract through a small column of Amberlite CG-50, a weak cation exchange resin. The samples were then dephosphorylated, placed on a Decalso column and eluted with hot 20% KCl in 0.1 N HCl. Modifications of other methods were used to fluorometrically quantitate the thiamine, HET, and PTH in the brain tissue. There was no interference of HET or PTH in the determination of thiamine since the particular method used in this paper to oxidize thiamine to thiochrome did not cause HET or PTH to be oxidized to fluorescent compounds. There was no appreciable interference of thiamine and HET in the fluorometric determination of PTH until the ratio of μg of thiamine plus HET to μg of PTH in the assay mixture was 6/1. When the above ratio increased to 24/1, the fluorescent determination of PTH was 10% high. The fluorometric determination of HET in the presence of excess thiamine and PTH was 16 and 75% high when the ratio of μg of PTH/μg of HET in the assay solution was 20/1 and 83/1, respectively.
UHV photoelectron X-ray beam position monitor☆

Abstract As part of our research program to develop viable beam position monitors for both the X-ray and the VUV beamlines at the NSLS, we have constructed vertical photon beam position monitors which are presently mounted in two front-end tanks in the X-ray ring. These area-type detectors are located before the safety shutters and are, therefore, able to monitor the beam position even during injection. The features of this type of monitor which contribute to its long-term stability, position sensitivity, and immunity to horizontal beam motion have been examined and are discussed.
EGFR and ErbB2 Differentially Regulate Raf-1 Translocation and Activation

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER-2/ErbB2 are members of the Erb family of signaling receptors. ErbB2 is overexpressed in many different cancers and has been linked to enhanced malignancy of tumors. We have examined the cellular translocation of Raf-1 during EGF-dependent signal transduction in two breast tumor cell lines, BT20 and SKBR3. Treatment of BT-20 breast cancer cells, which express EGFR, with EGF resulted in rapid (5 minutes) accumulation of EGFR and Raf-1 into plasma membrane-associated endocytotic vesicles. However, at later time points (30 minutes) only EGFR was endocytosed and Raf-1 dissociated from the plasma membrane and was found in the cytosol. In SKBR3 breast cancer cells, which express high levels of EGFR and ErbB2, treatment with EGF also resulted in rapid accumulation of EGFR and Raf-1 into endocytotic vesicles, but EGFR endocytosis was inhibited and Raf-1 remained associated with the plasma membrane for a prolonged period. The role of ErbB2 in the retention of Raf-1 at the plasma membrane was confirmed in BT-20 cells transfected with ErbB2. BT-20 cells expressing ErbB2 and treated with EGF retained Raf-1 at the plasma membrane for prolonged periods, whereas Raf-1 rapidly dissociated from the plasma membrane in EGF-stimulated cells transfected with a control vector. The presence of Raf-1 at the plasma membrane correlated with activation of Raf-1 and MAP kinase. Cells that expressed ErbB2 and treated with EGF showed prolonged activation of Raf-1 and MAP kinase compared with cells that expressed low levels of ErbB2. These results suggest that expression of ErbB2 promoted retention of Raf-1 in the plasma membrane, resulting in prolonged activation of the MAP kinase cascade, which may contribute to enhanced malignancy in ErbB2-expressing cancers.
Infinite-interval nonlinear approximations

Uniform nonlinear approximation on an infinite interval is studied. This study was motivated by a specific nonlinear approximation problem arising in the construction of a stiff ordinary differential equation system solver. General results include characterization, uniqueness, and discretization theorems, as well as a computational algorithm for this problem.
On sampling by index cases

Abstract Using results of Klonecki, optimal C α -tests of homogeneity for random binomial parameters are obtained from samples collected by the index case method, providing an asymptotically efficient way of judging whether a disease is familial. The efficiency of a traditional test is shown to approach that of the new test as the incidence rate of the disease declines.
IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIONS WITH A VIRUS CAUSING PAPILLOMAS IN RABBITS : I. DEMONSTRATION OF A COMPLEMENT FIXATION REACTION: RELATION OF VIRUS-NEUTRALIZING AND COMPLEMENT-BINDING ANTIBODIES.

A study has been made of the yield of virus and of the complement-binding antigen from the virus-induced papillomas of cottontail and domestic rabbits. Extracts of the discrete, naturally occurring papillomas of cottontail rabbits usually contain virus in large amount; and, as a rule, they also contain the complement-binding antigen in high titer. The confluent growths produced experimentally with the virus in some cottontails, on the other hand, often fail to yield the virus, or furnish it in small amount; and extracts of them have little if any complement-binding capacity. The sera of cottontails with massive papillomas from which the virus cannot be recovered often have high antibody titers. Many extracts were tested of the virus-induced papillomas of domestic rabbits. None contained the virus in large amount, and the majority of them failed to manifest it on sensitive test. A few fixed complement in low titer when mixed with immune sera, but most failed to do so. Crude extracts of the "non-infectious," virus-induced papillomas of domestic rabbits stimulated the formation of virus-neutralizing and complement-binding antibodies in low titer when injected intraperitoneally into normal rabbits of the same breed, but Berkefeld filtrates of the same materials proved devoid of this immunizing effect. The significance of the findings described in the three papers is discussed. The evidence as a whole favors the view that the virus stimulates the formation of the virus-neutralizing and complement-binding antibodies in vivo , and many facts indicate that it is closely associated, and in all probability identical, with the antigen that reacts with immune serum to fix complement in vitro .
Probing the binding site of the A1 adenosine receptor reengineered for orthogonal recognition by tailored nucleosides.

His272 (7.43) in the seventh transmembrane domain (TM7) of the human A3 adenosine receptor (AR) interacts with the 3‘ position of nucleosides, based on selective affinity enhancement at a H272E mutant A3 AR (neoceptor) of 3‘-ureido, but not 3‘-OH, adenosine analogues. Here, mutation of the analogous H278 of the human A1 AR to Ala, Asp, Glu, or Leu enhanced the affinity of novel 2‘- and 3‘-ureido adenosine analogues, such as 10 (N6-cyclopentyl-3‘-ureido-3‘-deoxyadenosine), by >100-fold, while decreasing the affinity or potency of adenosine and other 3‘-OH adenosine analogues. His278 mutant receptors produced a similar enhancement regardless of the charge character of the substituted residue, implicating steric rather than electrostatic factors in the gain of function, a hypothesis supported by rhodopsin-based molecular modeling. It was also demonstrated that this interaction was orientationally specific; i.e., mutations at the neighboring Thr277 did not enhance the affinity for a series of 2‘- and 3‘-ureid...
Music lessons and culture

Ellis, Catherine J. Aboriginal Music, Education for Living: Cross‐Cultural Experiences from South Australia. St. Lucia, Australia: University of Queensland Press, 1985. xiv + 236 pp. including appendices, bibliography and index. $37.50 cloth. Rouget, Gilbert. Music and Trance: A Theory of the Relations Between Music and Possession. Translation from the French, revised by Brunhilde Biebuyck in collaboration with the author. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985. xix + 395 pp. including bibliography, discography, filmography and indices. $19.95 paper.
On robust estimation of the common scale parameter of several Pareto distributions

The problem of robust estimation of the common scale parameter of several Pareto distributions with unknown and possibly unequal shape parameters is considered. In this paper, a wide class of estimators dominating the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is derived under a class of convex loss functions. The problem discussed in this paper arises quite frequently in socio-economics, reliability, life testing, and survival analysis.
A randomized trial of brimonidine versus timolol in preserving visual function: results from the Low-Pressure Glaucoma Treatment Study.

Purpose To compare the alpha2-adrenergic agonist brimonidine tartrate 0.2% to the beta-adrenergic antagonist timolol maleate 0.5% in preserving visual function in low-pressure glaucoma. Design Randomized, double-masked, multicenter clinical trial. Methods Exclusion criteria included untreated intraocular pressure (IOP) >21 mm Hg, visual field mean deviation worse than -16 decibels, or contraindications to study medications. Both eyes received twice-daily monotherapy randomized in blocks of 7 (4 brimonidine to 3 timolol). Standard automated perimetry and tonometry were performed at 4-month intervals. Main outcome measure was field progression in either eye, defined as the same 3 or more points with a negative slope ≥-1 dB/year at P Results Ninety-nine patients were randomized to brimonidine and 79 to timolol. Mean (± SE) months of follow-up for all patients was 30.0 ± 2. Statistically fewer brimonidine-treated patients (9, 9.1%) had visual field progression by pointwise linear regression than timolol-treated patients (31, 39.2%, log-rank 12.4, P=.001). Mean treated IOP was similar for brimonidine- and timolol-treated patients at all time points. More brimonidine-treated (28, 28.3%) than timolol-treated (9, 11.4%) patients discontinued study participation because of drug-related adverse events (P=.008). Similar differences in progression were observed when analyzed by GCPM and the 3-omitting method. Conclusion Low-pressure glaucoma patients treated with brimonidine 0.2% who do not develop ocular allergy are less likely to have field progression than patients treated with timolol 0.5%.
The Anthropological Effect: Cultural Hierarchies and Nationalization in Pérez Galdós’ Doña Perfecta and Pereda’s De Tal Palo, Tal Astilla

In nineteenth-century Spain, Anthropology arose as a means to study the social and cultural aspects of humankind in an empirical manner. However, the anthropological evaluation of distinct internal national cultures opened a dangerous path for politically motivated ideologies to establish a cultural hierarchy in which particular communities were considered less-developed. The urban liberals justified the intervention by the centralized government in the rural peripheral cultures in order to usurp control over these perceived underdeveloped areas. In both Benito Perez Galdos’ Dona Perfecta and Jose Maria de Pereda’s De Tal Palo, Tal Astilla, the effects of Anthropology on the urban–rural dynamics are played out as the liberal, urban protagonists engage the rural communities in a manner that simulates a colonial encounter; the dominant culture dismisses the extant beliefs and customs, thus allowing for political and economic usurpation of the perceived underdeveloped community. In each novel, the rural inhabitants react violently to the liberal protagonists’ encroachment indicating a growing awareness of the failure of the liberal faction’s nationalization agenda.
A Change in Scope for Paleoceanography

The editorial board of Paleoceanography and the AGU Publications Committee are pleased to announce that effective immediately, the thematic scope will be expanded to attract manuscripts embracing all aspects of global paleoclimatology.
Behavior of substrate-confined liquids for in situ crystallization of semiconductors

Abstract Millimeter- and micrometer-sized concavities, mostly in the form of close-packed arrays, were produced in SiO 2 and graphite substrates and filled with germanium and related liquids. A variety of processing conditions were studied for controlled filling and for clearing of the intermediate (field) regions. Germanium crystal appears to nucleate, at least from some liquids, from within the fluid phases rather than at the liquid-substrate interface. Crystal growth to sizes comparable with that of the concavity was observed.
The effects of clonidine and yohimbine on human information processing.

The effects of clonidine and yohimbine on human information processing were tested in six normal volunteers ages 18–30 years. Subjects were tested in a pre-post design with sessions conducted at weekly intervals. Three drug conditions were: Placebo (lactose), 0.2 mg clonidine, and 30 mg yohimbine. Two choice reaction time (RT) tasks were used. One was a stimulus evaluation-response selection task (SERS) that has been shown to be sensitive tod-amphetamine, methylphenidate and scopolamine. The other task was to assess stimulus pre-processing and used spatial frequency as a discriminative stimulus. The principle finding was that clonidine slowed RT; this effect was significant for both tasks. In contrast, yohimbine tended to speed RT, but the effects were significant only for the spatial frequency task on some analyses while not for others. RTs to high spatial frequency stimuli were speeded more than for low spatial frequency. The effects of these two NE drugs were compared with findings withd-amphetamine and scopolamine and interpreted within the framework of a serial information processing model proposed by Callaway (1983). Specifically, it is suggested that yohimbine and clonidine affect an early pre-processing stage.
The effect of viscosity on the stability of a uniformly rotating liquid column in zero gravity

An investigation of the linear temporal stability of a uniformly rotating viscous liquid column in the absence of gravity is presented. The governing parameters are the rotational Reynolds number Re and the Hocking parameter L, defined as the ratio of surface tension to centrifugal forces. Though the viscosity-independent condition L≥(k2 + n2-1)−1 for stability to disturbances of axial wavenumber k and azimuthal mode number n has been known for some time, the preferred modes, growth rates and frequencies at onset of instability have not been reported. We compute these results over a wide range of L–Re space and determine certain asymptotic behaviours in the limits of L→0, L→∞ and Re→∞. The computations exhibit a continuous evolution toward known inviscid stability results in the large-Re limit and their ultimate transition to an n = 1 spiral mode at small Re. While viscosity is shown to reduce growth rates for axisymmetric disturbances, it also produces a destabilizing effect for n = 2 planar and n = 1 spiral disturbances in certain regions of parameter space. A special feature is the appearance of a tricritical point in L–Re space at which maximum growth rates of the axisymmetric, n = 1 spiral, and n = 2 planar disturbances are equal.
Stereochemical preferences for curarimimetic neuromuscular junction blockade I: enantiomeric monoquaternary amines as probes.

Seven pairs of monoquaternary enantiomeric neuromuscular junction blocking agents were prepared in which the carbon asymmetry is adjacent to the quaternized nitrogen moiety. The tertiary amines from which the blocking species were obtained are carnegine, laudanosine, N‐methylpavine, corydine, isocorydine, glaucine, and boldine. Curarimimetic potencies, obtained with an in vivo cat tongue‐hypoglossal nerve preparation, were obtained for the enantiomeric methiodides of each of these amines. Possible contributions to activity by preferential binding to blood components or by selective inhibition of acetylcholinesterase also were studied. The combined studies indicate that there is a modest preference by the neuromuscular junction of the cat for monoquaternary blockers with the (S)‐configuration.
Optimal multivariate control for differentiated services on a shared hosting platform

Today's shared hosting platforms often employ visualization to allow multiple enterprise applications with time-varying resource demands to share a common infrastructure in order to improve resource utilization. Meeting application-level quality of service (QoS) goals becomes a challenge in such an environment as enterprise applications often have a multi-tier architecture and complex interactions and dependencies among individual tiers. In addition, when the shared infrastructure becomes overloaded, appropriate resource control needs to be performed at these individual tiers in a coordinated fashion in order to provide differentiated services to co-hosted applications. In this paper, we present an adaptive multivariate controller that dynamically adjusts the resource shares to individual tiers of multiple applications in order to meet a specified level of service differentiation. The controller parameters are automatically tuned at runtime based on a quadratic cost function and a system model that is learned online using a recursive least-squares (RLS) method. To evaluate our controller design, we built a testbed hosting two instances of the RUBiS application, a multi-tier online auction web site, using Xen virtual machines. Our results indicate that our controller is able to meet given QoS differentiation targets between co-hosted applications while the total demand from these applications exceeds the capacities of the shared systems.
Validation of a 3-Dimensional Laser Body Scanner for Assessment of Waist and Hip Circumference

Objectives: To evaluate the reliability and validity of a 3-dimensional laser body scanner for estimation of waist and hip circumferences and waist:hip ratio.Methods: Seventy women were evaluated for waist and hip circumference and waist∶hip ratio via laser scanner and tape measure. In a subset of 34 participants, 8 repeated measures of laser scanning were performed for reproducibility analysis. Validity of the instrument was assessed by regression and Bland-Altman comparison of measures of waist and hip circumferences and waist∶hip ratio to tape measure.Results: Reproducibility analysis showed little difference between within-subjects measurements of circumferences (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.992, p 0.05). Bland-Altman analysis showed no bias between laser scanning and tape measure.Conclusion: These findings indicate that the 3-dimensional laser body scanner is a re...
Burkholderia mallei tssM Encodes a Putative Deubiquitinase That Is Secreted and Expressed inside Infected RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophages

Burkholderia mallei, a category B biothreat agent, is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes the zoonotic disease glanders. The B. mallei VirAG two-component regulatory system activates the transcription of ∼60 genes, including a large virulence gene cluster encoding a type VI secretion system (T6SS). The B. mallei tssM gene encodes a putative ubiquitin-specific protease that is physically linked to, and transcriptionally coregulated with, the T6SS gene cluster. Mass spectrometry and immunoblot analysis demonstrated that TssM was secreted in a virAG-dependent manner in vitro. Surprisingly, the T6SS was found to be dispensable for the secretion of TssM. The C-terminal half of TssM, which contains Cys and His box motifs conserved in eukaryotic deubiquitinases, was purified and biochemically characterized. Recombinant TssM hydrolyzed multiple ubiquitinated substrates and the cysteine at position 102 was critical for enzymatic activity. The tssM gene was expressed within 1 h after uptake of B. mallei into RAW 264.7 murine macrophages, suggesting that the TssM deubiquitinase is produced in this intracellular niche. Although the physiological substrate(s) is currently unknown, the TssM deubiquitinase may provide B. mallei a selective advantage in the intracellular environment during infection.