cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the cooperation strategies for dense sensor networks

In this paper we characterize the scaling laws of the generated traffic and scheduling delays associated with the broadcast problem in dense multihop sensor networks where sample measurements are highly correlated. More specifically, we assess the benefits, and possibly the trade-offs, of exploiting sample correlations via cooperatively compressing the data as it hops around the network. First, we determine, with the aid of basic information theory, the transport traffic and schedule length growth rates under the no cooperation and network-wide cooperation extremes. We observe that network-wide cooperation significantly improves the transport traffic growth rate, without any degradation in the linear schedule length growth rate. Second, we propose a novel two-phase cooperation strategy that localizes cooperation within regions of the network in an attempt to optimize the schedule length for a given network size. We demonstrate the role of the cooperation set size in trading transport traffic for schedule length, or vice versa, and how the two extreme strategies turn out to be special cases of the two-phase cooperation framework.
Cornerstone design - integrated mathematical model analysis for first semester design experiences

Michigan Technological University is one of the nations largest engineering schools (800+ first year students) and houses a large common first year engineering curriculum. The goal of this curriculum is to introduce many of the fundamental components of engineering. During the first semester, these components include teamwork, technical communication, design methods, use of modern computational tools, and programming and analysis. Additional emphasis is placed on exposing the inherent integration between engineering, physics, and mathematics, so often overlooked or missed by today's students. This paper discusses methods used to help the students discover the pathway through idea generation, data collection, math model development and computational analysis, prototype development, model validation, and final testing. In our first year courses," final testing" is typically a friendly competition using their design prototypes. Emphasis is made in this paper to show how students are forced to use their mathematical models in order to be competitive (rather than just get credit for the exercise). This paper is significant as it presents useable and scaleable solutions for integrated cornerstone design experiments which include computational model development and analysis. This paper also presents recommended project deliverables and project timelines.
Establishing an MPP guidepost

It is noted that no system has appeared which has been recognized by the high-performance computing community as the guidepost for massively parallel processing (MPP). The author describes what is necessary for a system to become such a guidepost. A comparison is made to the CRAY-1, a system which serves as a guidepost for vector computing and serves as a standard by which all types of high-performance computing systems are measured. It is claimed that establishing an MPP guidepost requires building a system that delivers on the promised potential of scalable parallel computing, by providing high sustained performance on a wide variety of production application, with very little programming effort. >
EXPLORING THE ROLE OF SENSE OF COMMUNITY IN THE UNDERGRADUATE TRANSFER STUDENT EXPERIENCE

Sense of community may play an important role in the undergraduate transfer student experience by encouraging academic and social success. This cross-sectional study assessed sense of community in the transfer experiences of 53 students majoring in science, technology, engineering, math (STEM) subjects. Sense of community, participation, and GPA were analyzed using moderated regression analysis, t tests, and cross-tabulations. Results suggest that students who reported high participation in STEM activities and strong sense of community performed better academically than students who reported high participation and low sense of community. Further, results highlight discrepancies between students’ actual and ideal sense of community (particularly for female and non-White students), as well as greater importance placed upon sense of community at the post-transfer institution compared to the pre-transfer institution. This study suggests the need to examine sense of community in the transfer process. Results have implications for higher education literatures and for research and practice aimed at helping individuals engage with environments.
Characterization of left ventricular diastolic function in hypertension by use of Doppler tissue imaging and color M-mode techniques.

Background Abnormalities in left ventricular (LV) relaxation and/or increased filling pressures are indicators of LV diastolic dysfunction in patients with hypertension (HTN). The purpose of this study was to assess clinical use of pulsed wave Doppler, Doppler tissue imaging (DTI), and color M-mode (CMM) indices for determination of diastolic function in patients with HTN. Methods In all, 278 ambulatory patients with normal LV systolic function were grouped according to the presence of HTN with and without LV hypertrophy (LVH) (determined by the 2-dimensional area-length method) as follows: healthy control subjects (NC, n=122), HTN without LVH (HTN, n=70), and HTN with LVH (HTN+LVH, n=86). Pulsed wave Doppler-derived measurements included transmitral E- and A-wave velocities, E/A ratio, and deceleration and isovolumic relaxation time intervals; DTI-derived early diastolic (Em) velocities were obtained at 4 LV annular sites. CMM-derived flow propagation velocity and the intraventricular pressure gradient were also calculated. Analysis of covariance adjusted for age and sex of diastolic indices was performed to compare the differences among groups. Results Only DTI-derived filling pressures demonstrated progressive statistically significant differences among all 3 groups (ie, HTN vs NC, HTN+LVH vs NC, and HTN vs HTN+LVH). However, CMM-derived flow propagation velocity and intraventricular pressure gradient indices were similar among the groups. Conclusion DTI is a robust method compared with pulsed wave Doppler- and CMM-derived indices for the quantitative assessment of LV relaxation and filling pressures in patients with HTN.
The Feel of MEMS Barometers: Inexpensive and Easily Customized Tactile Array Sensors

This article presents a new approach to the construction of tactile array sensors based on barometric pressure sensor chips and standard printed circuit boards (PCBs). The chips include tightly integrated instrumentation amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters, pressure and temperature sensors, and control circuitry that provides excellent signal quality over standard digital bus interfaces. The resulting array electronics can be easily encapsulated with soft polymers to provide robust and compliant grasping surfaces for specific hand designs. The use of standard commercial off-the-shelf technologies means that only basic electrical and mechanical skills are required to build effective tactile sensors for new applications. The performance evaluation of prototype arrays demonstrates excellent linearity (typically <;1%) and low noise (<;0.01 N). External addressing circuitry allows multiple sensors to communicate on the same bus at more than 100 Hz per sensor element. Sensors can be mounted with as close as 3#5-mm spacing, and spatial impulse response tests show that linear solid-mechanics-based signal processing is feasible. This approach promises to make sensitive, robust, and inexpensive tactile sensing available for a wide range of robotics and human-interface applications.
Analysis of a tubular monopole loaded with a shielded helical coil

An analysis of a shielded helical coil in a cylindrical tubular antenna is presented, based on a combination of aperture theory and a network model containing lumped RLC components, which is motivated by the desire to use this analysis in antenna-optimization routines. Measured input admittance data for an antenna loaded with a shielded helical coil are presented for comparison with computed data. Also, an experimental procedure by means of which one may measure the transverse electro-magnetic (TEM) input impedance of a coaxial guide loaded with helical coil is described.
The disconnect between animal models of sepsis and human sepsis

Frequently used experimental models of sepsis include cecal ligation and puncture, ascending colon stent peritonitis, and the i.p. or i.v. injection of bacteria or bacterial products (such as LPS). Many of these models mimic the pathophysiology of human sepsis. However, identification of mediators in animals, the blockade of which has been protective, has not translated into clinical efficacy in septic humans. We describe the shortcomings of the animal models and reasons why effective therapy for human sepsis cannot be derived readily from promising findings in animal sepsis.
Content-Aware P2P Video Streaming with Low Latency

This paper describes the Stanford P2P multicast (SPPM) streaming system that employs an overlay architecture specifically designed for low delay video applications. In order to provide interactivity to the user, this system has to keep the end-to-end delay as small as possible while guaranteeing a high video quality. A set of complimentary multicast trees is maintained to efficiently relay video traffic and a congestion-distortion optimized (CoDiO) scheduler prioritizes more important video packets. Local retransmission is employed to mitigate packet loss. Real-time experiments performed on the Planet-Lab show the effectiveness of the system and the benefits of a content-aware scheduler in case of congestion or node failures.
Implementation and performance analysis of congestion-tolerant isochronous communication in ATM networks using diversified routing

Packet loss resulting from transient traffic congestion or hardware component failures has been a potential problem for existing ATM networks that support isochronous traffic. Packet retransmission is usually less effective in an isochronous environment due to its timing requirements. The implementation and performance of a space diversified approach for establishing isochronous interconnection is studied in this paper. In this scheme, a packet is either replicated or split into smaller packets with parity packets and sent through physically disjoint connections. By providing either partial or full redundant connections through a network, the probability of transmitting a packet that meets the jitter requirement can be increased for the same jitter bound, or a more stringent jitter bound can be imposed for the same packet loss probability. >
Changes in hip spasticity and strength following selective dorsal rhizotomy and physical therapy for spastic cerebral palsy

Hip adductor spasticity and strength in participants with cerebral palsy (CP) were quantified before and after selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) and intensive physical therapy. Twenty-four participants with cerebral palsy (CP group) and 35 non-disabled participants (ND controls) were tested with a dynamometer (CP group: mean age 8 years 5 months, 13 males, 11 females; ND group: mean age 8 years 6 months, 19 males, 16 females). According to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), of the 24 participants with CP, eight were at level I, six were at level II, and 10 participants were at level III. For the spasticity measure, the dynamometer quantified the resistive torque of the hip adductors during passive abduction at 4 speeds. The adductor strength test recorded a maximum concentric contraction. CP group spasticity was significantly reduced following SDR and adductor strength was significantly increased after surgery. Both pre- and postoperative values remained significantly less than the ND controls. Spasticity results agreed with previous studies indicating a reduction. Strength results conflicted with previous literature subjectively reporting a decrease following SDR. However, results agreed with previous objective investigations examining knee and ankle strength, suggesting strength did not decrease following SDR.
Modifying the dialysis prescription to reduce intradialytic hypotension

The dialysis prescription can have a substantial impact on the frequency of intradialytic hypotension (IDH). Plasma volume will decline to a greater extent when the ultrafiltration (UF) rate is rapid (high interdialytic weight gains and/or short treatment time), favoring IDH. The relationship of the target weight to the euvolemic weight determines the size of the interstitial fluid compartment, which is a major determinant of the rate of plasma refilling during UF. The higher the dialysate sodium, the smaller the decline in plasma volume for any given amount of UF. Use of a dialysate temperature that prevents a positive thermal balance during dialysis will allow peripheral vascular resistance to be maintained and minimize IDH. A higher ionized calcium during treatment facilitates an increase in cardiac output, a benefit that may be particularly notable in patients with depressed cardiac ejection fraction. Low dialysate magnesium, potassium, and bicarbonate may all favor IDH, although insufficient data are available for definitive conclusions. The choice of antihypertensive medication and the treatment schedule must be carefully considered in patients with IDH. The future integration of technology to monitor blood pressure, plasma volume, and thermal and sodium balance into a computer-based biofeedback system will very likely go a long way toward reducing the frequency of IDH.
Effects of acetaldehyde on the systemic, pulmonary, and regional circulations

The acute haemodynamic effects of acetaldehyde were studied in anaesthetized dogs. Acetaldehyde increased heart rate, systemic arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, cardiac output, systemic venous return, and myocardial contractile force. Acetaldehyde constricts the peripheral vascular beds in the brachial, femoral, renal, and common carotid arteries and dilates those of the coronary, hepatic, and superior mesenteric arteries. Alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade not only abolished the cardiovascular effects of acetaldehyde, but also reversed its pressor effect. It is concluded that most of the haemodynamic effects of acetaldehyde result from the release of catecholamines from sympathetic nerve endings and the adrenal medulla.
Performance of Healthy and Eimeria acervulina-lnfected Chicks as Influenced by Anticoccidial Drugs and Source of Dietary Protein

Abstract Four experiments were conducted to evaluate an alleged interaction between the anticoccidial drugs, monensin and lasolocid, and dietary protein source. Chicks were fed practical diets (approximately 24% crude protein) containing from 0 to 13% animal-source protein supplied by either a fish meal-meat and bone meal combination or by feather meal. Monensin (121 mg/kg) and lasalocid (125 mg/kg) were evaluated for anorexigenic activity in healthy birds and for growth-enhancement activity in E. acervulina-infected birds. Diet-by-coccidiostat interactions were not detected in any of these experiments. The addition of monensin or lasalocid depressed performance significantly in only one of the experiments, but the magnitude of depression was similar regardless of level of animal-source protein. Efficacy of the coccidiostats, as judged by performance of chicks infected with E. acervulina, was not altered by diet type.
Isotope Geochemistry Researches in China

The publication of Isotope Geochemistry Researches in China represents a major milestone in such research in China. Every isotope geochemist will find at least one informative article in his or her own field of interest in this large and comprehensive volume. The book is divided into 27 chapters, written by 41 authors, and the scope, content, and quality of the chapters are variable. In general, each is a review or an overview of a topic in geochemistry. Some of the chapters are very short and provide only a very general overview. Others are long and provide a detailed and more comprehensive review of a specific subject. Most are translated into English and they are generally professionally done. The quality of the figures and tables varies, but most are clear and informative. An extensive, current bibliography (some in Chinese publications) is provided at the end of the book for each chapter, but there is no index.To help readers find the localities of the areas studied, a table is appended containing names in English and Chinese with latitude and longitude, but no map is included.
Exploring the Role of Filipino Fathers: Paternal Behaviors and Child Outcomes

Using data collected from an urban Southern Visayan province during the Summer of 2006, this study examines a sample of 133 Filipino fathers to consider potential relationships between father behaviors and child outcomes. Increased paternal psychological control predicts increased problematic child outcomes, with sons being more affected than daughters. Furthermore, increased authoritative fathering is associated with decreased externalizing problems of children as well as fewer internalizing problems for sons but not for daughters. Increased father involvement predicts improved sibling relationship quality for children. Other factors predicting problematic child outcomes in the overall regression model include father education and number of children in the household. Overall, findings support the idea that Filipino fathers play a valuable role in the lives of their children.
Applications of ionization-detected stimulated Raman spectroscopy in molecular-beam studies

We consider two ionization-detected stimulated Raman spectroscopic techniques that are suitable for studying the ground-state spectroscopy of species in molecular beams: ionization-gain stimulated Raman spectroscopy (IGSRS) and ionization-loss stimulated Raman spectroscopy (ILSRS). The merits of IGSRS and ILSRS in such studies are discussed in relation to each other and in relation to stimulated-emission spectroscopy. In addition, some advantages of the Fourier-transform implementations of IGSRS and ILSRS are considered. Experimental results on numerous species are presented that show that IGSRS and ILSRS have ample sensitivity and species specificity for the study of weakly bound complexes.
Effects of SiN passivation and high-electric field on AlGaN-GaN HFET degradation

The authors report on the effects of silicon nitride (SiN) surface passivation and high-electric field stress (hot electron stress) on the degradation of undoped AlGaN-GaN power HFETs. Stressed devices demonstrated a decrease in the drain current and maximum transconductance and an increase in the parasitic drain series resistance, gate leakage, and subthreshold current. The unpassivated devices showed more significant degradation than SiN passivated devices. Gate lag phenomenon was observed from unpassivated devices and removed by SiN passivation. However, SiN passivated devices also showed gate lag phenomena after high-electric field stress, which suggests possible changes in surface trap profiles occurred during high-electric field stress test.
Supporting continuous media: is Serial Storage Architecture (SSA) better than SCSI?

The existing SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) parallel bus has been widely used in supporting multimedia applications. However, it may not fully utilize the aggregate throughput from disks in supporting continuous media because of its unfair bus accesses. The emerging serial interface, Serial Storage Architecture (SSA), provides high data bandwidth, fair accesses and fault tolerance. The fairness algorithm in SSA ensures that a fraction of the data bandwidth is allocated to each disk. In this paper, we study the performance of SSA and SCSI in supporting continuous media.
Geographic Information System Tool for Enhancing Administration of Overweight-Vehicle Permits

Highway agencies impose permit fees for overweight vehicles both to recuperate (partially) the consumption cost and to encourage the use of less-damaging loading patterns and vehicle configurations. To provide information for such policies, numerous state and national studies have investigated the impacts of overweight vehicles on the physical and operational condition of highway infrastructure, including the consumption (damage) because of overweight vehicles. These studies, which largely addressed truck size and weight, highway cost allocation, or damage cost estimation, have alluded to the onerous challenge of collating permit data with existing pavement and bridge inventory data. Most previous research has relied on aggregate data to overcome this difficulty. The current study details the use of a geographic information system (GIS) tool developed to determine the infrastructure consumption at a disaggregate level. The tool was used to estimate the infrastructure consumption for individual permit reco...
Voltage-Gated Na Channels in AII Amacrine Cells Accelerate Scotopic Light Responses Mediated by the Rod Bipolar Cell Pathway

During night (i.e., scotopic) vision in mammals, rod photoreceptor output is conveyed to ganglion cells (GCs), the output cells of the retina, by a specialized neural circuit comprising rod bipolar (RB) and AII amacrine cells. Here, we examined how intrinsic postsynaptic conductances in AIIs contribute to transmission of rod-derived signals. Using paired recordings from synaptically coupled RBs and AIIs, we found that a voltage-gated Na conductance in AII amacrines accelerated EPSPs arising from RB synaptic input. EPSPs also could be amplified by the Na conductance when AIIs were hyperpolarized below resting membrane potential, thereby increasing the availability of Na channels. AII amacrines are coupled electrically, and coupled AII amacrines likely receive common input from individual RBs. Na channel-mediated effects on EPSPs, however, appeared to occur at the single-cell rather than the AII network level. By recording light-evoked synaptic currents from GCs, we determined that the Na channel-dependent acceleration, but not amplification, of RB output by AII amacrines is reflected in the dynamics of AII synaptic output to retinal ganglion cells: synaptic inputs to both ON and OFF GCs are slowed equivalently, although not attenuated in amplitude, when Na channels in AIIs are blocked. Thus, during scotopic vision, Na conductances in AIIs serve to accelerate RB output.
Constraints on the unHiggs model from top quark decay

We compute the top quark decay rate in the unHiggs model. In this model, the longitudinally polarized W's are unparticles, which is owed to their Goldstone boson nature, while the transversely polarized W's are not. Thus the fraction of decays with a longitudinal W emitted is different than in the standard model. Comparing this calculation to CDF data, we are able to rule out some of the unHiggs model parameter space. We also use the expected increased accuracy of top decay measurements at the LHC to anticipate further constraints on the unHiggs.
Dynamical symmetry breaking, renormalizability and phenomenological Lagrangians

The dynamical symmetry breaking of a chiralU1×U1 invariant model is considered. Assuming the existence of a massless pseudoscalar bound state, which decouples, and a massive scalar bound state, we deduce sufficient conditions of renormalizability of the symmetry-broken theory using phenomenological Lagrangians. We comment on the feasibility of dealing with these conditions.
Initial Reactions to the Goldstone Report and Reflections on Israeli Accountability

The legitimacy of Israel’s “Operation Cast Lead,” the 22-day military offensive in Gaza in December 2008 and January 2009, and of Israeli practices in its occupation of the Palestinian territories of Gaza and the West Bank was called into question by the Report of the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict. The report, more commonly referred to as the Goldstone Report after Justice Richard Goldstone who headed the investigation, sparked an international controversy, the effects of which are still being felt at time of writing. This report was commissioned by the United Nations Human Rights Council on April 3, 2009 with the mandate “to investigate all violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that might have been committed at any time in the context of the military operations that were conducted in Gaza during the period from 27 December 2008 and 18 January 2009, whether before, during or after”.
Infertility. Contemporary office-based evaluation and treatment.

Infertility is a common but treatable condition. Diagnostic tests, including tests that couples can perform at home, tests that all couples need (semen analysis and hysterosalpingogram), and other office-based tests, help the clinician determine the best treatment option. Currently, intrauterine insemination and ovulation induction are the more popular treatment options.
Standing Up for Civil Liberties: Leadership Profiles of Diane Abbott and Russell Feingold

Diane Abbott MP and Senator Russell Feingold have championed civil liberties in the United Kingdom and the United States, respectively. This paper examines their leadership on the civil liberties issue, putting their interview responses in the context of the broader literature on leadership.
Wages and Vacancy Survey of Medical Laboratory Positions in 1990: Part I

A national study of wages and vacancies for nine positions in medical laboratories in July through September 1988 has been completed. The results of this study will provide information to assist laboratory managers in evaluatingpay scales and to identify positions where there is a shortage of laboratory personnel. This is part I of a two-part article reporting the results of this survey. Part I presents the survey information on wages. Part II, which will describe the survey's vacancy data, will appear in the June issue of Laboratory Medicine.
Thymidine phosphorylase activity in plasma: a cancer marker or an artifact of ultrafiltration?

SummaryThe possibility was investigated that thymidine phosphorylase activity is released from leukocytes during ultrafiltration of crude “plasma,” thus accounting for reports of this enzyme in “cell-free” plasma. Blood samples from nine healthy donors, when centrifuged at only 500g for 12 min, yielded plasma fractions that contained cells identified as leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelets, as well as significant levels of thymidine phosphorylase activity. Centrifugation of the crude plasma at 10,000g for 30 min produced a cell-free plasma that contained negligible levels of thymidine phosphorylase activity. By contrast, the sediment, which contained identifiable granulocytes, possessed very significant levels of enzyme activity. Centrifugation of the crude plasma at 800g for 10 min, when followed by ultra-filtration, yielded a cell-free plasma that contained a twofold higher level of thymidine phosphorylase activity (P < 0.02) than did the truly cell-free plasma produced by high-speed centrifugation.Ou...
Studies on the anterior pituitary hormones of the kangaroo.

SummaryA small quantity of kangaroo pituitaries were subjected to fractionation procedures known to separate mammalian pituitary hormones. These involved (NH4) 2SO4 fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. The results show that the kangaroo possesses pituitary hormones which behave very much like their mammalian counterparts with respect to biological, chemical, and immunochemical behavior.We thank Professor Choh Hao Li for his advice on these studies; Dr. Paul Licht for helpful discussions; Dr. T. Hayashida for the gift of monkey antiserum to rat GH; Dr. C. S. Nicoll for performing a number of pigeon crop sac assays; Dr. J. Ramachandran for performing the ACTH assay; and J. D. Nelson, Dan Key, and Carol Hopkins for skilled technical assistance.
Design and Implementation of RUDP Communication for Embedded Real-time System

In order to enhance the communication efficiency of embedded real-time systems,in allusion to the insufficiency of the general transport layer protocol,the RUDP communication module for embedded systems is designed and implemented,aiming at the implementation of reliable and efficiency communication between processes.Firstly,the base function,the task division and the control mechanism of RUDP communication module are given.Secondly,the implementation process of RUDP communication process is illustrated,including the slide window mechanism,the recognition and transaction of messages and responding,transaction of the main timer and the management of timers.The conclusion is given at last.
Women’s Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence in Ethiopia: The Role of Social Norms in the Interview Context

This study draws on a social norms framework to examine the influence of interview context—specifically the presence of other women and men—on women’s reported attitudes toward intimate partner violence (IPV) in Ethiopia, where IPV rates are among the highest in the world. The sample (16,515 women, ages 15-49) was taken from Ethiopia’s 2011 Demographic and Health Survey. Results showed the odds of women “justifying” IPV to be nearly twice as great when other women were present during the interview, and nearly half in the presence of men. Implications for more sensitive interview methodology are discussed.
Cell Fusion Stage in Osteoclast Formation

Little is known about cell fusion that generates osteoclasts, multinucleated cells that resorb our bones in their continuous remodeling. Here we isolated fusion stage from preceding and subsequent stages of osteoclast formation and identified some proteins involved in this fusion process. To trigger osteoclastogenesis, we applied RANKL to RAW macrophage-like cells or M-CSF and RANKL to human monocytes. We blocked fusion by applying a reversible hemifusion inhibitor lysophosphatidylcholine, accumulated the ready-to-fuse macrophages for 16h and then removed our inhibitor. This fusion-synchronization approach has allowed us to concentrate within an hour cell fusion events that would normally develop within 16h. At the time of fusion, macrophages exposed at their surface phosphatidylserine (PS), lipid that is normally found only in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. CaCCinh-A01, an inhibitor of TMEM16 scramblases that mediate non-apoptotic PS externalization, suppressed both PS exposure at the surface of fusion-committed cells and synchronized fusion indicating the functional importance of PS externalization. We also found that fusion was suppressed by peptide inhibitors and antibodies to PS-binding proteins annexins A1 and A5 (AnxA1&A5) for RAW cells and AnxA5 for human monocytes. The importance of Anxs in osteoclast formation was further confirmed by finding that bone marrow cells from mice deficient in both AnxA1 and A5 have a lowered ability to generate osteoclasts. In addition to PS and Anxs, synchronized fusion involves endogenous retroviral human syncytin-1 protein that along with Anx A5 is present at the surface of fusion-committed human osteoclast precursors. We hypothesize that Anxs accumulated at TMEM16-externalized PS regulate activity of syncytin1-dependent fusion machinery.
An Approach for Embedding Critical Thinking in Second Language Paragraph Writing

Writing textbooks for English language learners frequently teach a paragraph pattern that is limited to topic sentence, support, and concluding sentence. Although beginning second language (L2) writers benefit from having a structured way to organize their ideas, as they advance, this type of writing can sound trite and uncritical. To provide a deeper understanding of how L2 learners can develop critical thinking skills in paragraph writing, this article presents empirical research on intermediate to advanced L2 writers enrolled in an 8-week intensive English program where they were taught how to use the TBSIR (topic, bridge, support, interpretation, return) framework. Using a double-blind rating approach, the study reveals that instruction in TBSIR positively impacts writing quality regardless of native language, suggesting that a writing framework with a rubric that includes critical thinking criteria provides developing writers with the guidance they need to move from banal and formulaic writing to more analytic and thoughtful prose.
Too Hot to Handle: A Global History of Sex Education: Zimmerman, J. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2015.

For many of us, our first lesson about sex was on the school playground, while watching a film, or during a routine doctor’s visit. By the turn of the twentieth century, the school becomes a state-...
Obliterative Pyeloureteritis: A Complication of Stone Disease in Patients with Urinary Conduit Diversion

AbstractIn 4 patients with cutaneous urinary diversion who underwent percutaneous ureteral stone removal, similar ureteral complications developed as a result of severe ureteritis at the site of the stone. Ureteral narrowing occurred within days of percutaneous ureteral stone removal, progressing to complete occlusion in 2 cases. These complications led to prolonged hospitalization and additional procedures for each patient. One patient with an occluded ureter was lost to followup. Two patients responded satisfactorily to repeated ureteral dilations and prolonged stenting. One patient underwent excision of the affected ureteral segment. The average interval between tube placement and removal of tubes and stents was 15 weeks in 4 patients. The average inpatient period was 24 days.Patients with a cutaneous urinary conduit diversion may be at increased risk for complications following percutaneous treatment of ureteral stones. This risk may be secondary to an intense inflammatory response due to infection an...
Inflammatory marker levels and prediction of patient-reported symptoms in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer receiving gemcitabine-based chemotherapy.

e20699 Background: The high symptom burden reported by patients being treated for advanced pancreatic cancer could be driven by both disease and treatment. Few clinical studies have addressed the a...
Models of Epileptic Encephalopathies

Modeling of the epileptic encephalopathies, severe disorders of infancy characterized by both seizures refractory to treatment and cognitive impairment, has seen progress over the recent years. Initial animal models focusing on inducing repetitive seizures in immature animals used to be the closest model to these devastating disorders; the generation of these models and recent discoveries from them are initially discussed. Recent advances in genetics have allowed for the development of animal models based on genetic defects found in human cases of the encephalopathies. While models of Dravet syndrome and Generalized Epilepsy with Febrile Seizures plus (GEFS+) are discussed in an alternate chapter, the pathologic characteristics of other genetic models will be discussed, especially in relation to how they match the human disorders. Unfortunately, many of these epileptic encephalopathies remain poorly modeled, and limitations causing this lack of quality are also discussed.
Autophagy in white adipose tissue

Autophagy is a mechanism for intracellular degradation of cytoplasmic components including macromolecules and organelles. It has been shown to be involved in a large number of physiological and pathological processes. Studies have recently uncovered an important role of autophagy in the process of adipogenesis. In addition, some interesting correlations between autophagy activity and adipose functions have been made. This chapter explores the roles autophagy plays in adipocytes, detailing the core machinery of autophagy and highlighting what is currently understood about the functions of autophagy in differentiating and mature white adipocytes.
Framing Professions Education

The professions developed by possessing knowledge that was valued and needed by others. The education required in a profession often was associated with an apprenticeship. The methods for acquiring that knowledge and associated skills and attitudes have evolved considerably over the centuries. This section of the encyclopedia examines a sample of professions for their educational expectations including overall curriculam, pedagogy, assessment and licensure and accreditation.
Anger, and Plasma Lipid, Lipoprotein, and Glucose Levels in Healthy Women: The Mediating Role of Physical Fitness

The association between anger, lipid profiles, and glucose levels were examined in this study of 103 middle aged, healthy women. A principal component factor analysis of Spielberger's Trait Anger and Anger Expression scales yielded two anger factors: Impulsive Anger-Out and Neurotic Anger. Impulsive anger-out significantly predicted a negative lipid profile (high total serum cholesterol (TSC), low density lipoproteins (LDL), TSC/HDL (high density lipids), and triglyceride levels) and heightened glucose levels, but only in physically unfit women. Neurotic anger did not predict lipid and glucose levels. These findings parallel previous findings regarding the two anger dimensions and CHD, with only impulsive anger-out predicting CHD. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the protective effect of physical fitness, previously documented for men, also occurs in women.
Das Allgemeine Feld

Die lokale Gruppe ist eine Mustersammlung von Nebeln, deren Entfernungen mit den lange bekannten, fur Untersuchungen innerhalb des galaktischen Systems gebrauchlichen Methoden bestimmt wurden. Die Sammlung ist klein, doch bildet sie eine sehr notwendige und willkommene Brucke zu den Nebeln des allgemeinen Feldes. Die Klasse der hellsten Objekte in den Mitgliedern der lokalen Gruppe ist auch noch in den naheren mit dem Fernrohr aufgelosten Feldnebeln zu sehen. Diese hellsten Objekte machen es moglich, diese und jene auf einen, gemeinsamen Nenner zu bringen und zu ver-gleichen. Der Vergleich zeigt, das Feldnebel, die das Fernrohr noch auflost, im grosen und ganzen den Nebeln der lokalen Gruppe ahnlich sind. Diese Feststellung ist von grundsatzlicher Bedeutung.
Self-Endorsed Cognitive Problems Vs. Objectively-Assessed Cognitive Impairment in Blood or Marrow Transplantation (BMT) Recipients — a Longitudinal Study

Abstract Background: Cognitive impairment in BMT survivors is well-documented, and may include deficits in memory, attention, executive functioning and processing speed. However, the clinical relevance of self-endorsed cognitive problems and their relation to objectively-assessed cognitive impairment is not established. Methods: We assessed cognitive impairment in 379 BMT recipients (median age = 52.2y; 40% females; 68% non-Hispanic whites) at 5 pre-determined timepoints: baseline (pre-BMT), 6mo, 1y, 2y and 3y after BMT. Self-endorsed cognitive problems (0: not at all to 4: extremely) were evaluated using the Neuropsychological Impairment Scale (NIS) - a 95-item survey. Responses were used to derive a Global Measure of Impairment (GMI) T-score; higher scores indicated greater cognitive problems. A standardized 2h battery of objective cognitive testing was also administered at each timepoint to derive a Global Deficit Score (GDS); individuals with GDS >0.5 were considered impaired. Healthy controls (HC: n = 98; median age = 55.1y; 46% females; 62% non-Hispanic whites) also completed the NIS and underwent cognitive testing at the 5 corresponding timepoints. At each timepoint, a multivariable analysis of covariance was performed to examine the magnitude of difference in GMI between BMT recipients and HC. Multilevel modeling was employed to examine participants' rates of change in GMI across time. Among BMT recipients, we used multivariable analyses to identify clinical/demographic variables associated with greater self-endorsed cognitive problems; variables examined included age at BMT, sex, race/ethnicity, education, pre-BMT IQ, fatigue, type of BMT (autologous, allogeneic [myeloablative, reduced-intensity]) and use of total body irradiation. To evaluate the relation between NIS subscales and corresponding objective cognitive domains, within-group first-order partial correlation analyses were conducted at each timepoint. We also examined the association between cognitive impairment and return to work at 3y. Results: Significant differences (p Conclusions: BMT recipients are more likely to report cognitive problems as compared with HC. Further, these problems increase with time from BMT. Younger age at BMT, higher pre-BMT IQ and greater fatigue are associated with greater self-endorsed cognitive problems. Further, there is a modest-to-high correlation between self-endorsed cognitive problems and objectively determined cognitive impairment. Finally, both self-endorsed cognitive problems and objectively assessed cognitive impairment are associated with a higher likelihood of not returning to work. Overall, this study demonstrates that self-endorsed cognitive problems can serve as a good screen for identifying those with cognitive impairment. Disclosures Forman: Mustang Therapeutics: Other: Licensing Agreement, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding.
Paediatric in vitro models showed significant variations in fluticasone proprionate output from valved holding chambers.

Aim We compared potential differences in drug delivery between different valved holding chambers (VHCs) used by asthma patients, with and without facemasks. Methods An in vitro study design was created using a fluticasone propionate (FP) pressurised metered dose inhaler (pMDI) connected to a VHC. VHCs without facemasks and with sealed and unsealed facemasks were placed against face models that mimicked the features of a 1-year-old infant and a 4-year-old child. We analysed the amount of FP deposited on the filter in the face model after five breaths with a tidal volume of 75 mL. Results Our measurements showed significant differences in the amounts of FP deposited on the filters, even without facemasks. The amount of FP delivered through the VHC and facemask combinations differed significantly, depending on the degree of the lack of facemask to face seal. All the tested VHCs showed significantly better drug output without a facemask. Conclusion The VHC and facemasks chosen had a considerable and significant impact on FP delivery. The facemask seal should be checked whenever a VHC facemask combination is used. Young children should be taught to use the VHC mouthpiece as early as possible to optimise FP delivery and achieve more effective asthma therapy.
Editorial: Extending Parent-Child Interaction Therapy to Preschool Children Who Are Depressed.

The World Health Organization lists depression as the single largest contributor to global disability. More than 300 million people worldwide are estimated to suffer from this disorder. Success in managing depression once it begins is limited, with questions about the extent of the effectiveness of antidepressant medications and psychosocial treatments on depression in youths.1,2 Depression is associated with a host of attendant comorbidities, such as substance use and suicidal and nonsuicidal self-injury, which are difficult to treat and wreak further havoc on the lives of youths and their families. There are few available nonpharmacological treatments for preschool depression. Parent-Child Interaction therapy (PCIT) is an evidence-based program3 designed to address externalizing behaviors in preschool children. Luby et al.4 present data on the effectiveness of a module that extends PCIT to address symptoms of preschool depression (PCIT-ED). Strengths of this study are the extension of a well-developed program to a group in high need, a sequential approach to examining effects, and the measurement of neural response as an outcome. The study is an exciting contribution to the care of preschool children. It has implications for early intervention, for altering trajectories of negative parent-child interactions in vulnerable families, and for personalized approaches to care.
Trends in Patient Demographics and Diagnostic Yield at an Academic Colposcopy Clinic From 2008 to 2018.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to review trends in colposcopy rates and diagnoses of high-grade dysplasia and cancer for the past 10 years at an academic colposcopy clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS A registry of patients seen January 2008 to December 2018 at an academic colposcopy clinic was queried to examine trends in patient characteristics, cytology and histology results, and interventions during the study period, which coincided with the implementation of revised national guidelines. Differences in characteristics were examined with analysis of variance and χ tests. Trends in diagnoses were examined with logistic regression. Trends in interventions were modeled with binomial distribution, logit link, Poisson distribution, and log link. RESULTS Among 5,103 women referred for abnormal pap testing, human papillomavirus, or dysplasia, the mean age increased over time (30.6 in 2008 to 38.4 in 2018, p < .0001) and fewer pregnant patients were served (11.3% in 2008 vs 2.8% in 2018, p < .0001). There were decreased rates of low-grade cytology (81.3% in 2008 vs 73.6% in 2018, p = .006) and increased rates of human papillomavirus positivity (4.1% in 2008 vs. 14.4% in 2018, p < .0001) on referral. Fewer colposcopies were performed per patient per year (1.2 in 2008 vs. 0.7 in 2018, p < .0001), and with this targeted intervention, there was an increased percentage of patients diagnosed with high-grade histology over time (adjusted p = .05). CONCLUSIONS Over time, the number of colposcopies performed per patient decreased, especially in younger and pregnant women. Meanwhile, the percentage of patients diagnosed with high-grade histology increased, suggesting that guidelines decreased unnecessary procedures while increasing the percentage of patients diagnosed with precancerous lesions.
Biomass production and temporal stability are similar in switchgrass monoculture and diverse grassland

Abstract Research into herbaceous bioenergy production has focused on identifying grassland systems that are both productive and temporally stable, where stability equals the ratio of mean biomass production to its temporal standard deviation. The question remains as to effects of community properties, including species richness, on temporal stability. We compared aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and the temporal stability in ANPP of unfertilized grassland planted either as a mixture of native perennial grass and forb species or monoculture of Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass) in Texas, USA. ANPP varied in response to inter-annual variation (IAV) in precipitation. The precipitation effect on ANPP stability was mediated through two components of the influence of a single community property, community (species-abundance) weighted values of leaf dry matter content (LDMC), on productivity. These components include community LDMC and ANPP-LDMC regressions. Stability was similar between vegetation types but was regulated by different components of the LDMC effect on ANPP in mixture and switchgrass. Temporal stability in mixture depended mainly on ANPP variation that resulted from change in community LDMC. Stability of switchgrass depended primarily on ANPP variation that resulted from precipitation-caused change in ANPP-LDMC regressions. Stability declined as ANPP increased in mixture because LDMC variation increased when productivity was high. We find that ANPP and ANPP stability can be as great in an unfertilized planting of a switchgrass monoculture as diverse mixture of grassland species. Similar levels of stability can be achieved via different components of the LDMC effect on productivity.