cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TrustBAC: integrating trust relationships into the RBAC model for access control in open systems

Conventional access control are suitable for regulating access to resources by known users.However,these models have often found to be inadequate for open and decentralized multi-centric systems where the user population is dynamic and the identity of all users are not known in advance.For such systems, credential based access control has been proposed. Credential based systems achieve access control by implementing a binary notion of trust.If a user is trusted by virtue of successful evaluation of its credentials it is allowed access, otherwise not. However,such credential based models have also been found to be lacking because of certain inherent drawbacks with the notion of credentials.In this work,we propose a trust based access control model called TrustBAC. It extends the conventional role based access control model with the notion of trust levels.Users are assigned to trust levels instead of roles based on a number of factors like user credentials,user behavior history,user recommendation etc. Trust levels are assigned to roles which are assigned to permissions as in role based access control.The TrustBAC model thus incorporates the advantages of both the role based access control model and credential based access control models.
Multi-period transportation network design under demand uncertainty

The ability to make optimal transportation network investments decision is central to the strategic management of transportation systems. The presence of uncertainty in transportation systems presents new challenges in making optimal network investment decisions. In this paper, the authors develop a multi time period network design problem considering both demand uncertainty and demand elasticity. Such an approach affords the planner the flexibility to delay, change, or even abandon the future network investment. The authors measure the flexibility of investing over multiple time periods as compared to a single-stage network design decision. Initially, the authors provide a taxonomy and define many dimensions of transportation network flexibility. This is followed with the development of a flexible network design formulation (FNDP), in which the investment is staged over multiple time periods. The demand is assumed to be separable and the demand elasticity is captured using a negative exponential distribution. The authors develop the FNDP formulation as bilevel stochastic mathematical programming with complementarity constraints (STOCH-MPEC) in which the bi-level formulation is converted to a single level using non-linear complementarity constraint conditions for user equilibrium (UE) problem. The formulation is implemented on two test networks and the results show the benefits of FNDP over single-stage NDP--measured in terms of increase in present expected system consumer surplus (PESCS)--are in the range of 10-30%. The results clearly demonstrate that under demand uncertainty there are potential benefits of introducing flexibility in investment decisions. Finally, the authors conduct a sensitivity analysis of FNDP with different budget values and it is observed that certain paradoxical sharp corners are observed at certain budget values.
Monochromatic observations of a coronal loop

An isophotal map of a small coronal loop, obtained from a coronagraph observation through a solid Fabry-Perot interferometer, is used to estimate the variation of emission per unit volume and the pressure gradient at the top and sides of the loop. The magnitude of the magnetic field necessary to maintain the estimated pressure gradients is found to be ¦H2¦ = 30 G2.
Genomic Organization and Chromosomal Localization of the Human Coxsackievirus B-Adenovirus Receptor Gene

Genomic Organization and Chromosomal Localization of the Human Coxsackievirus B-Adenovirus Receptor Gene
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels in patients with glomerular disease.

Chemokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-8 have been implicated in recruiting leukocytes to the glomerulus during immune renal injury. To detect the expression of MCP-1 in human glomerular disease, we measured urinary MCP-1 levels in patients with a variety of glomerulopathies. These data demonstrated that MCP-1 was present in the urine of patients with glomerular disease and that patients with inflammatory glomerulopathies had higher levels of urinary MCP-1. Urinary MCP-1 correlated with the extent of proteinuria (r = 0.71, P 0.3). The MCP-1 present in urine was biologically active, increasing monocyte migration in a microchemotaxis assay. This activity was attenuated by the addition of anti-MCP-1 antibody to the samples. Enumerating glomerular macrophages demonstrated that glomerular inflammation was correlated with urinary MCP-1 levels (r = 0.53, P < 0.02). Individuals with light microscopic evidence of severe glomerular injury (ie, crescents, necrosis, endocapillary proliferation) had significantly higher levels of MCP-1 in their urine than patients with less severe glomerular changes (1,962 +/- 612 pg MCP-1/mg creatinine v 314 +/- 45 pg MCP-1/mg creatinine; P < 0.002). Taken together, these results suggest that urinary MCP-1 reflects the extent to which MCP-1 that is produced in the glomerulus participates in the glomerular inflammatory response.
he Classroomand the LibraryThat Cover Seven Countries

This article describes an instructional telecommunications system in use at Kirkwood Community College in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. This interactive television delivery system provides sixty hours of live educational programming each week to over twenty locations across a seven-county service area. The article also describes the ways in which Kirkwood is providing ready access to a variety of learning resources to students located away from the main campus in Cedar Rapids.
Cost-inclusive evaluation: A banquet of approaches for including costs, benefits, and cost–effectiveness and cost–benefit analyses in your next evaluation

An introduction to the special issue on cost-inclusive evaluation, providing a brief history of the use of costs, benefits, cost-effectiveness, and cost-benefit analyses in the evaluation of human services. Two tables present brief glossaries of terms and analyses common in cost-inclusive program evaluation.
CFD Analysis of Gear Windage Losses: Validation and Parametric Aerodynamic Studies

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method has been applied to gear configurations with and without shrouding. The goals of this work have been to validate the numerical and modeling approaches used for these applications and to develop physical understanding of the aerodynamics of gear windage loss. Several spur gear geometries are considered, for which experimental data are available. Various canonical shrouding configurations and free spinning (no shroud) cases are studied. Comparisons are made with experimental data from open literature, and data recently obtained in the NASA Glenn Research Center Gear Windage Test Facility, Cleveland, OH. The results show good agreement with the experiment. The parametric shroud configuration studies carried out in the Glenn experiments and the CFD analyses elucidate the physical mechanisms of windage losses as well as mitigation strategies due to shrouding and newly proposed tooth contour modifications.
Sagebrush Control: At What Canopy Cover Is It Economically Justified?

We determine the economic threshold level for big sagebrush control based on 18 yr of forage-response data from an experiment conducted in Carbon County, Wyoming. We analyze the impacts of climatic variables and treatment site characteristics, such as sagebrush abundance levels, precipitation, and understory composition, on forage response and threshold level. We find that sagebrush canopy cover levels, April precipitation, May soil moisture, and understory composition are statistically significant factors in explaining forage response to sagebrush treatment. Forage yield across treated and untreated plots for 10 canopy cover levels, ranging from 4% to 40%, are analyzed via panel data regression techniques. We further investigate the impact of variability in precipitation and understory characteristics on economic outcomes of sagebrush control by analyzing three scenarios. Scenario 1 uses actual forage response data that include all variability from precipitation and understory composition. Scenario 2 uses regression-predicted yields across plots assuming average precipitation and soil moisture conditions. Scenario 3 uses regression-predicted yields assuming average precipitation, soil moisture, and understory characteristics across plots. Net present values based on value of grazing (for estimated yield differences between treated and untreated plots assuming 50% forage utilization) compared to treatment cost across sagebrush cover levels are estimated across these three scenarios. Results indicate that the economic threshold level of sagebrush infestation for the study period was between 8% and 24% for the analyzed scenarios. This indicates variability in precipitation and understory composition impact forage response and the resulting economics of sagebrush control. We conclude that range managers should consider potential control site characteristics and long-range weather forecasts when contemplating sagebrush control.
Continuous weak measurement of quantum coherent oscillations

We consider the problem of continuous quantum measurement of coherent oscillations between two quantum states of an individual two-state system. It is shown that the interplay between the information acquisition and the backaction dephasing of the oscillations by the detector imposes a fundamental limit, equal to four, on the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement. The limit is universal, e.g., independent of the coupling strength between the detector and system, and results from the tendency of quantum measurement to localize the system in one of the measured eigenstates.
Gravity inversion for rifted margin deep structure using extension and isostatic constraints

Summary We present a gravity inversion method for determining the deep structure of rifted margins. It uses a 2-D earth model parametrized as multiple, irregularly shaped, polygonal bodies, each of uniform density. The method has three novel features. First, it links parameters in the shallow parts of the model to those in the deep parts by using a uniform extension model as a constraint in the inversion. The shallow structure will typically be known with greater certainty than the deep structure from shallow seismic and borehole data. Second, it provides for variable weighting of prior information on densities, shapes, the extension model and smoothing to find geologically reasonable models. Third, it estimates densities and shapes simultaneously. The first two features are used to compensate for the inherent deficiencies of poor depth resolution and non-uniqueness in gravity modelling. The last two make the method an efficient way to explore a range of models. Synthetic tests of sensitivity to noise indicate that the isostatic extension constraint promotes the recovery of the short-wavelength Moho topography and eliminates spatial undulations in deep structure due to noise in the data. Synthetic tests of sensitivity to untrue prior information show that the isostatic extension constraint increases the range of acceptable recovered models over no isostatic extension constraint. The range of recovered Moho positions suggests a vertical resolution of about 2 km. Although many recovered models fit the data, the results imply a methodology for choosing a best set of models, and we suggest guidelines for applying the method to real margins.
VARIABILITY OF RESPONSE TO THYROID-RELEASING HORMONE IN NORMAL ELDERLY

The present study was undertaken to define the hormonal response to thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH) further in a large, healthy, ambulatory elderly group. Seventy-seven subjects over 60 years old, 30 males (MA) and 47 females (FA), and control subjects, 22 males (MC) and 42 females (FC) were studied. No difference in thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine index (FT4I), baseline prolactin, and thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations were found between the four groups. Tri-iodothyronine resin uptake was only different between MC and FA groups. Post-TRH, TSH concentrations were higher in control males and females (MC + FC), compared to their aged counterparts (MA + FA), (P less than 0.05). This was, in part, due to a large number of female controls who exhibited a hyper-response to TRH (delta TSH greater than 35 microU/ml). A blunted response, defined as a delta TSH less than 6 microU/ml, occurred in 36.7% of MA, 29.8% FA, 13.6% MC, and only 4.8% of FC subjects. As expected, there was a significantly higher response of prolactin to TRH in all females (P less than 0.01) than in males; but no age-related difference among the female population was seen. These data indicate that the response of TSH to TRH declines with age, blunting of the response increases with age, and that TRH use has an extremely limited role as a diagnostic test, especially in an elderly population.
Employer-sponsored insurance coverage for alcoholism and drug-abuse treatments

This article examines the growth in employer-sponsored health insurance coverage for alcoholism and drug-abuse treatments. Data are drawn from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Employee Benefit Surveys of 1981, 1983 and 1985. The surveys provide information on approximately 20.5 million full-time permanent employees in 43,000 establishments each year. The data are nationally representative. In 1985, 68.5% of employees with medical insurance had coverage for alcoholism treatments and 61.6% had coverage for drug-abuse treatments. Alcoholism coverage increased 89% from 1981 to 1985. The increases were reflected across all regions, firm sizes and occupational groups. Self-insured firms, exempt from mandated coverage laws, had the greatest increase in coverage. HMOs appear to have reduced coverage since 1981. Finally, substance abuse coverages did not appear to be discretionary and, therefore, were unlikely to be eliminated if tax laws on fringe benefits were changed.
Productivity of loblolly pine as affected by decomposing root systems.

Decomposing taproot systems of mature loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees harvested 16 years earlier were examined to assess their effects on productivity of a naturally regenerated loblolly pine stand. Productivity by trees within a 1-m radius of decomposing stumps was greater than that in zones farther from the stump. Production of the 16-year-old naturally regenerated loblolly pine stand on this eroded Pacolet soil would have been at least 28% less in the absence of decomposing root systems of previously harvested trees. Live-root density of the natural stand within decomposing root systems was about twice that found in soil profiles centered 2 and 4 m distant from the stump. Below a soil depth of 20 cm, decomposing root systems contained significantly higher root densities than the soil matrix. Decomposing root systems provide scattered microsites of enhanced fertility, aeration, and moisture which benefit growth of nearby trees and may play an important role in sustaining and restoring productivity of marginal Piedmont sites.
The effects of a cumulative alcohol dosing procedure on laboratory aggression in women and men.

Objective: This study directly compared the effects of cumulative alcohol dosing procedure on aggression in both women and men. Method: Thirteen women and 13 men consumed three beverages 1 hour apart. There were two experimental conditions: (1) a placebo day, when subjects consumed three 240 ml beverages, each containing only 1 ml of alcohol; and (2) an alcohol day, when subjects consumed three 240 ml beverages, each containing 0.35 g/kg of 95% alcohol. Alcohol doses for women were reduced by 8%. Prior to beverage consumption, and periodically after consumption, subjects participated in 25-minute laboratory testing sessions designed to measure aggression. In this paradigm, subjects could earn points by responding on a button, or aggress toward a fictitious opponent who ostensibly subtracted earnings from them. Results: Both women and men showed an increase in aggressive responding after drinking alcohol but not placebo. As a group the greatest increases were observed after consuming the second alcohol dri...
Generalized servomechanism evaluation

In the course of staking general evaluations of servo systems utilizing magnetic amplifiers, the inadequacy of classical methods becomes immediately evident. Statistical treatment of the signal and the system error is neccessary criteria of performance other than the quadratic are essential; and it is possible that accurate evaluation can result only from including the effects of the inherent non-linearities of the system. Progress to date has resulted in three separate approaches to the problem: a) A computer which includes a system analog, and an error criterion and integrating circuit, and which accepts statistically typical signals from a signal storage or generating device. There results a single number describing the performance of the system. b) An analytical method applicable only to linear systems, which makes use of the atrtocorrelation function of the signal and noise inputs, and also of the higher moment correlation fkutions of the two. c) An analytical method applicable in instanrces when the signal spectrum changesabruptly. The anaysis is applicable only to linear systems and considers a quadratic criterion.
Effect of a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, DuP 753, on angiotensin-related water intake in rats☆

The effect of peripheral administration of the nonpeptide angiotensin II-1 (AII) receptor blocker, DuP 753, on the dipsogenic responses to peripherally administered angiotensins I, II, and III was tested. In all cases, DuP 753 significantly inhibited the drinking response, whether administered 15 or 45 minutes prior to administration of the dipsogen. These results suggest that the drinking responses to angiotensins I, II, and III are mediated by AII-1 receptors. They also suggest that either AIII acts via the AII-1 receptor or that DuP 753 competes at an AIII-sensitive receptor. These studies also showed that when both AII and DuP 753 were given cerebroventricularly (ICV), potent inhibition of the drinking response occurred. Further, when DuP 753 was administered peripherally and AII ICV, drinking was also inhibited. Hence, DuP 753 must penetrate the brain, at least at the circumventricular sites implicated in angiotensin-related drinking. However, centrally administered DuP 753 failed to inhibit the drinking response to peripherally administered AII. This observation is presently unexplained, but may be related to the possibility that centrally administered DuP 753 is inactivated more quickly than when it is administered peripherally. Additional studies will be required to assess this.
Properties of high-density two-dimensional electron gases at Mott/band insulator interfaces

Heterostructures and superlattices consisting of a prototype Mott insulator, GdTiO 3 , and the band insulator SrTiO 3 , are grown by molecular beam epitaxy and show intrinsic electronic reconstruction, approximately ½ electron per surface unit cell at each GdTiO 3 /SrTiO 3 interface. Insights into charge distribution, the influence of the electrostatic boundary conditions, and strong correlation effects will be presented.
Substitution rates in hepatitis delta virus.

Substitution rates were estimated for the coding and noncoding regions of the hepatitis delta virus (HDV). The estimated rates of synonymous substitution in HDV were lower than the rates of substitution at nonsynonymous sites and in the noncoding region. HDV has lower synonymous substitution rates than the hepatitis C virus, though both are RNA viruses. The relatively low rate of synonymous substitution in HDV may be due to a strong preference of G and C nucleotides at third codon positions. Variation in substitution rate among HDV lineages may be correlated with the clinical development of the HDV-induced hepatitis. The phylogenetic tree inferred for 24 HDV strains reveals similarities between lineages isolated from the same geographic region.
Stock Price Informativeness and Idiosyncratic Return Volatility in Emerging Markets: Evidence from China

This study attempts to address two research questions on the idiosyncratic return volatility and stock price informativeness. First, whether idiosyncratic return volatility is a valid proxy for stock price informativeness in emerging markets, and if it is, whether there exists a monotonic relationship between the idiosyncratic return volatility and stock price informativeness throughout the whole sample. We find that the idiosyncratic return volatility reflects the stock price informativeness in China. However, such a relationship does not exist in a monotonic fashion. These results indicate that idiosyncratic return volatility serves as an information measure, but must be used with caution.
Further studies on passive transfer of protection against lethality of endotoxin.

SummaryThe broad protection against lethality of endotoxin obtained by passive transfer from endotoxin-tolerant donors is not mediated by adrenal cortical hormone, properdin, or phagocytosis-promoting factor. Limited protection by normal donor serum given i.p. shortly before, but not simultaneously with, inoculation of endotoxin has been demonstrated. The results are not explained by direct inactivation of endotoxin by serum. Heating removes this activity from normal, but not completely from tolerant, donor serum.
Recent advances in the isolation of liver cells

The development of new and refined separation techniques--including FACS, FFE, CFE and isopyknic gradients--has had a profound impact on the ability of investigators to isolate specific cell types from the liver. Although some of these techniques, such as FFE, may be of limited preparative value, they are nonetheless important analytical tools that detect subtle differences among cell subpopulations. The isolation of highly purified preparations of liver cells in large yields requires the use of more conventional purification methods such as CFE and isopyknic centrifugation. Immunological approaches represent a key development for the isolation of specific liver cell types, especially when they are used in combination with other techniques. Excellent, reliable and relatively simple techniques now exist to isolate highly purified preparations of hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, KCs, SCs, FSC, myofibroblasts and pit cells. Additional work is necessary to refine techniques for the isolation of dendritic cells and lymphocytes.
Imaging the extent of plasmon excitation in Au nanowires using pump-probe microscopy

Knowledge of how energy and charge carriers move in nanoscale systems is essential for engineering efficient devices. In this Letter, we demonstrate a technique to directly image dynamics in nanostructures based on laser scanning transient absorption microscopy, which provides near diffraction-limited spatial resolution and ultrafast time resolution. The capabilities of the technique are demonstrated by experiments on propagating surface plasmon polariton modes of Au nanowires, although these measurements can be used to study a variety of fluorescent and nonfluorescent systems.
A method for assigning cardinal dominance ranks

Abstract Dominance hierarchies are widely described in nature. Commonly, an individual's ordinal rank is used as a measure of its position in the hierarchy, and, therefore its priority of access to resources. This use of ordinal ranks has several related drawbacks: (1) it is difficult to assess the magnitude or the significance of the difference in degree of dominance between two individuals; (2) it is difficult to evaluate the significance of differences between dominance matrices based on different behaviours or on the same behaviour at different times, and (3) it is difficult to use parametric statistical techniques to relate dominance rank to other quantities of interest. In this paper we describe a method for assigning cardinal dominance indices that does not suffer from these drawbacks. This technique is based on the Bradley-Terry model from the method of paired comparisons. We show how this model can be reinterpreted in terms of dominance interactions. and we describe a simple iterative technique for computing cardinal ranks. We then describe how to evaluate (1) whether the rank differences between individuals are significant, and (2) whether differences in the cardinal hierarchies based on different behaviours or the same behaviour at different times are significant. We then show how to generalize the method to deal with behaviours that sometimes have ambiguous outcomes, or behaviours for which the rank difference between a pair of individuals affects the rate of interaction between them.
The effects of cooperation on multiagent search in task-oriented domains

We study the benefits of teaming and selflessness when using multiagent search to solve task-oriented problems. We introduce a formal framework for multiagent search and study a specific instantiation of it: task-oriented domains. Our experiments show that better allocations are found when the dynamics of the multiagent system lie between order and chaos, that neither absolute selfishness nor absolute selflessness result in better allocations, and that the formation of small teams usually leads to better allocations, among other results.
Trauma severity scoring to predict mortality

The evaluation of the care of the multiple trauma patient requires indices that predict survival or death and that reveal the presence or absence of complications. This article reviews briefly the different scales that have been developed. It is concluded that both anatomic and physiologic injury scores are required. A methodology of patient care evaluation is then developed based upon preliminary method (PRE), a state transition screen (STS), and a definitive method (DEF). The preliminary method is illustrated by use of the Trauma Score and the Injury Severity Score to predict patient outcome. This is then compared with the actual patient outcome. The STS methodology reveals patients who are better or worse than expected in their course in the hospital. The DEF method is used for comparison between institutions or for different time periods at a given institution.
Book reviews - Probability and stochastic processes for engineers

Follow this and additional works at: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/ece_articles Published in Viswanathan, R. (1984) Book reviews Probability and stochastic processes for engineers. IEEE Communications Magazine, 22(7), 32 33. ©1984 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder.
Problem‐Solving Appraisal, Oral Contraceptive Use, and Menstrual Pain1

The relationship between self-reported problem-solving appraisal and oral contraceptive (OC) use to self-reported menstrual and premenstrual pain by hierarchical multiple regression was examined in 130 college women. The subjects were undergraduate students in psychology classes aged 15-48 (mean 23.7). They completed 2 questionnaires the Problem Solving Inventory Form A (PSI Heppner 1988) which contained 32 items scored as 3 factors problem-solving confidence approach-avoidance and personal control; and the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire Form-C which contained 47 items coded as 8 subscales referring to specific pain symptoms. 59 subjects reported using OCs and 71 reported not using them. In the 1st hierarchical regression PSI factor scores significantly predicted menstrual pain but pill use did not. Menstrual pain was significantly related to personal control scores. High scores for ineffective emotional regulation while problem-solving were associated with menstrual pain. In the 2nd hierarchical regression PSI scores were significantly related to premenstrual pain while pill use was not. Personal control and approach avoidance scores were significantly related to premenstrual pain. Ineffective personal control and also effective skills in approaching problems were both significantly associated with higher premenstrual pain. This study did not find an effect of OCs on either premenstrual or menstrual pain. The results were discussed in terms of use of assertive or emotional coping strategies and behavioral health.
Contractor Performance Evaluation for the Best Value of Superpave Projects

The best-value (BV) procurement process uses other key factors as well as bid price in the evaluation and selection of the best-performing contractor for the job. Contract time, lane rental, warranty, and quality of delivered product are examples of the key factors that indicate the contractor-expected performance. Literature on best value shows a need for analyzing the past performance of the contractor in similar jobs as an indicator of his/her qualification trend. This paper addresses this issue and proposes a methodology to incorporate quality of delivered product in the BV procurement system of asphalt construction. The paper uses past quality control (QC) testing results and utilizes Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the probability that the contractor gets full payment as an indication of qualification trend. The QC data were obtained from the Nebraska Department of Roads for a number of Superpave pavement projects. The results show the possibility of assigning a quality score for the contractor based on the past performance. This paper contributes to the current practice of best value with a new approach of employing QC as part of the selection process.
Behavior Ratings and Observations of Externalizing Symptoms in Girls: The Role of Child Popularity with Adults

This study examined staff ratings and live observations of externalizing behavior in 149 girls with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), who participated in all-female naturalistic research camps. Girls' popularity with adult camp staff was hypothesized to explain discrepancies between ratings and observations. Compared to behavior observations, staff ratings overestimated the externalizing behavior of girls who were disliked by staff. In contrast, ratings and observations were consistent for girls who were liked by staff. Among girls who were disliked by staff, unpopularity with peers predicted a larger discrepancy between staff ratings and observations, but peer status made little difference in rating–observation discrepancies of girls liked by staff. All results held after controlling for the participants' ADHD versus comparison status. Results suggest that staff ratings may be biased by personal feelings about children and that direct observations may be more immune to such bias.
Analysis of the Degradation in Source Location Accuracy in the Presence of Sensor Location Error

It is well known that sensor location uncertainty can seriously deteriorate the source location accuracy. In this paper, we provide the analysis of how much degradation the source location accuracy is expected to be with respect to the amount of sensor location error. We first derive the source location MSE when the estimator assumes no sensor location error but in fact there is. Then, the CRLB is evaluated and compared with the one without sensor location error. The analytical results allow us to decide whether a new algorithm to account for the sensor location error is necessary to improve the source location accuracy.
Spectral consequences of photoreceptor sampling in the rhesus retina

Optical transforms were used to compute the power spectra of rhesus cones treated as arrays of image sampling points. Spectra were obtained for the central fovea, parafovea, periphery, and far periphery. All were consistent with a novel spatial sampling principle that introduces minimal noise for spatial frequencies below the Nyquist limits implied by local receptor densities, while frequencies above the nominal Nyquist limits are not converted into conspicuous moire patterns, but instead are scattered into broadband noise. This sampling scheme allows the visual system to escape aliasing distortion despite a large mismatch between retinal image bandwidth and the Nyquist limits implied by extrafoveal cone densities.
The Value of Thyroprotein in Starting, Growing and Laying Rations IV. Effect on the Egg Production, Shell Quality, and Body Weight of Year-Old Pullets During Hot Weather

Abstract IT IS widely recognized that poultrymen suffer an appreciable financial loss during the summer months because of the slump in egg production and the excessive egg breakage common in that season. This breakage is apparently due to the thinner shell produced in warm weather and at the end of the laying year. Two reports have appeared in recent years which suggest (indirectly) that summer slump and thin egg shells may be caused by a lowered metabolism of the hen resulting from a reduced thyroxin output of the thyroid during hot weather. Galpin (1938) has shown a seasonal variation in thyroid gland weight with the low point in July (under the climatic conditions prevailing in Scotland). Winchester (1940) has shown (1) that the thyrotropic hormone content of hen’s pituitary was highest in February and then declined, and (2) a seasonal rhythm of metabolism with the peak occurring in February and the . . .
Social Mobility, Middle Class, and Political Transitions

This article addresses the highly variable middle-class attitudes regarding political transitions and suggests that social mobility is a key factor conditioning its behavior. Social mobility create...
Allocating Software with Improved Resource Usage and Scheduling for Vehicle Control System Development

Allocating software components and messages to computing devices and their interconnecting networks is a great challenge in vehicle control system development. The allocation decisions are usually made at an early development stage without the implementation details of the computing platform. To produce low-cost products with correct vehicle control, the software allocation must facilitate the final system scheduling with better resource utilization and the presence of platform implementation uncertainties. In this paper, we present an allocation method to improve the resource utilization and scheduling while keeping the decisions independent of delayed platform implementation. Our method determines the allocation using a genetic algorithm with an optimization function combining the peak usage request and the usage request density to minimize the potential contentions on shared resources. The preliminary evaluation using the representative synthetic systems has shown the effectiveness and applicability of the method.
Normalize, transpose, and distribute: An automatic approach for handling nonscalars

SequenceL is a concise, high-level language with a simple semantics that provides for the automatic derivation of many iterative and parallel control structures. The semantics repeatedly applies a “Normalize-Transpose-Distribute” operation to functions and operators until base cases are discovered. Base cases include the grounding of variables and the application of built-in operators to operands of appropriate types. This article introduces the results of a 24-month effort to reduce the language to a very small set of primitives. Included are comparisons with other languages, the formal syntax and semantics, and the traces of several example problems run with a prototype interpreter developed in 2006.
Chloroplast lipid transfer processes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii involving a TRIGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL 2 (TGD2) orthologue.

In plants, lipids of the photosynthetic membrane are synthesized by parallel pathways associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the chloroplast envelope membranes. Lipids derived from the two pathways are distinguished by their acyl-constituents. Following this plant paradigm, the prevalent acyl composition of chloroplast lipids suggests that Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonas) does not use the ER pathway; however, the Chlamydomonas genome encodes presumed plant orthologues of a chloroplast lipid transporter consisting of TGD (TRIGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL) proteins that are required for ER-to-chloroplast lipid trafficking in plants. To resolve this conundrum, we identified a mutant of Chlamydomonas deleted in the TGD2 gene and characterized the respective protein, CrTGD2. Notably, the viability of the mutant was reduced, showing the importance of CrTGD2. Galactoglycerolipid metabolism was altered in the tgd2 mutant with monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) synthase activity being strongly stimulated. We hypothesize this to be a result of phosphatidic acid accumulation in the chloroplast outer envelope membrane, the location of MGDG synthase in Chlamydomonas. Concomitantly, increased conversion of MGDG into triacylglycerol (TAG) was observed. This TAG accumulated in lipid droplets in the tgd2 mutant under normal growth conditions. Labeling kinetics indicate that Chlamydomonas can import lipid precursors from the ER, a process that is impaired in the tgd2 mutant.
Energy calibration of x‐ray photoelectron spectrometers: Results of an interlaboratory comparison to evaluate a proposed calibration procedure

Results are reported of an interlaboratory comparison conducted to evaluate a proposed procedure for calibration of the binding energy (BE) scales on x-ray photoelectron spectrometers. The calibration was performed at two points on the BE scale (the Au 4f7/2 and Cu 2p3/2 lines) and checks were made of the assumption of BE-scale linearity from measurements on other lines. It is shown here that small offsets (up to ∼0.05 eV) can arise if peaks are located with assumed backgrounds of non-zero slope or if multipeak fits are made to Cu L3VV and Ag M4VV Auger spectra. The two parameters in the linear calibration equation could vary with analyzer pass energy and choice of x-ray source on a particular instrument. Check measurements of the calibrations were performed with the Ag 3d5/2 photoelectron line and the Cu L3VV and Ag M4VV Auger lines; difference between the corrected positions of these lines and the corresponding reference data were satisfactorily small in most cases. For Auger lines excited by monochromatized aluminum x-rays, however, the differences were significant and were interpreted in terms of different average x-ray energies for the monochromated and unmonochromated x-ray sources. The interlaboratory comparison was useful in testing the proposed calibration procedure and in providing guidance for some improvements.
Improving the throughput of a pipeline by insertion of delays

A pipeline is defined to be a collection of resources, called segments which can be kept busy simultaneously. A task once initiated, flows from segment to segment for its execution. A collision occurs if two or more tasks attempt to use the same segment at the same time.The collision characteristics of a pipeline with respect to a schedule of task initiations are investigated. A methodology is presented for modifying the collision characteristics with the insertion of delays so as to increase the utilization of segments and hence the throughput under appropriate scheduling.
Global instances of coups from 1950 to 2010: A new dataset

Once considered a ‘hot topic’ among scholars, research on coups d’etat has waned in recent years. This decline is surprising given that 7 coups have happened between January 2008 and December 2010, bringing the last decade’s total to almost three dozen. One explanation for the lack of coup research is the absence of a temporally and spatially comprehensive dataset to test theories. Also absent is a discussion of what makes coups distinct from other forms of anti-regime activity. This article seeks to remedy these problems. The authors present a new dataset on coups from 1950 to 2010. They begin by explaining their theoretical definition and coding procedures. Next, they examine general trends in the data across time and space. The authors conclude by explaining why scholars studying a variety of topics, including civil wars, regime stability, and democratization, would benefit by paying closer attention to coups.
Culture-Negative Intracerebral Abscesses in Children and Adolescents from Streptococcus anginosus Group Infection: A Case Series

We report the use of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplification and sequencing to diagnose culture-negative intracerebral abscesses in younger patients. These 3 cases demonstrate the optimal application of gene sequencing from direct specimens for patients with negative culture results compromised by antibacterial therapy but histories highly suggestive of acute bacterial infection.
Tourists' perceptions of environmentally responsible innovations at tourism businesses

This paper investigates tourists' perceptions of environmentally responsible practices by tourism businesses by analyzing the attitudes of tourists toward “green” innovations in tourist places. It was hypothesized that tourists who were more strongly motivated by nature-oriented experiences would perceive environmentally responsible practices as more valuable than tourists less motivated by nature-oriented experiences. The study is based on a survey of individuals who visited the Arizona Welcome Center in northeastern Arizona and the Chamber of Commerce offices in Holbrook and Springerville, Arizona. As expected, visitors with a stronger nature orientation had more positive views of environmentally responsible practices by tourism businesses than tourists not nature-oriented. They felt such innovations are important and valuable.
A Role for the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Mediating the Ability of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone to Stimulate the Prolactin Promoter

The hypothalamic hormone, TRH, stimulates PRL secretion and gene transcription. We have examined the possibility that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) may play a role in mediating TRH effects on the PRL gene. TRH was found to stimulate sustained activation of MAPK in PRL-producing, GH3 cells, consistent with a possible role in transcriptional regulation. A kinase-defective, interfering MAPK kinase (MAPKK) mutant reduced TRH induction of the PRL promoter. Treatment with the MAPKK inhibitor, PD98059, blocked TRH-induced activation of MAPK and also reduced TRH induction of a PRL-luciferase reporter gene, confirming that MAPK activation is necessary for TRH effects on PRL gene expression. Previous studies have demonstrated that the PRL promoter contains binding sites for members of the Ets family of transcription factors, which are important for mediating MAPK responsiveness of the PRL promoter. Mutation of specific Ets sites within the PRL promoter reduced responsiveness to both TRH and MAPK. The finding that DNA elements required for MAPK responsiveness of the PRL gene colocalize with DNA elements required for TRH responsiveness further supports a role for MAPK in mediating TRH effects on the PRL gene. We also explored the signaling mechanisms that link the TRH receptor to MAPK induction. Occupancy of the TRH receptor results in activation of protein kinase C (PKC) as well as increases in the concentration of Ca2+ due to release from intracellular stores and entry of Ca2+ through Ca2+ channels. A PKC inhibitor, GF109203X, and an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, nimodipine, both partially reduced TRH-induced MAPK activation and PRL promoter activity. The effects of the two inhibitors were additive. These studies are consistent with a signaling pathway involving PKC- and Ca2+-dependent activation of MAPK, which leads to phosphorylation of an Ets transcription factor and activation of the PRL promoter.
Migration policy and development in Chile

Current and prospective migration law and policy in Chile does not adequately incorporate the causes, content, and consequences of international migration to and from Chile. We describe and examine migration in-flows, out-flows, migration-related policies, and how those policies drive, and are driven by, notions of development in Chile. We explore contradictions in Chilean nascent migration policy currently under legislative review. We argue that it is imperative that migration, migration policy, and their relationship to development be discussed inclusively and transparently and be explicitly incorporated into the Chilean government's nascent migration and development legal policies and frameworks.
Sex of Sexual Partners and Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among U.S. Girls and Women.

Introduction Girls and women are at risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer from male and female sexual partners throughout the life course. However, no study has assessed how sex of sexual partners, a dimension of sexual orientation, may relate to HPV vaccination among girls and women. Methods In 2014, data from the 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth were used to conduct logistic regression analyses estimating the relationship between sex of lifetime and past-year sexual partners and HPV vaccine awareness and initiation among U.S. girls and women aged 15–25 years (N=3,253). Results Among U.S. girls and women aged 15–25 years, the prevalence of HPV vaccine awareness and HPV vaccine initiation was 84.4% and 28.5%, respectively. Adjusting for sociodemographic factors, participants with only female past-year sexual partners had significantly lower odds of initiating HPV vaccination relative to those with only male past-year sexual partners (OR=0.16, 95% CI=0.05, 0.55). Similarly, respondents with no lifetime (OR=0.65, 95% CI=0.46, 0.92) or past-year (OR=0.69, 95% CI=0.50, 0.94) sexual partners had significantly lower adjusted odds of HPV vaccine initiation compared with those with only male sexual partners. No difference was apparent in the odds of initiating HPV vaccination between participants with male and female sexual partners and those with only male sexual partners. Conclusions Medical and public health professionals should ensure that girls and women with only female or no sexual partners are included in HPV vaccine education and promotion efforts.
Stress Analysis of Translational Shells

Analysis of bending of thin shallow translational shells is presented; generalized Levy-type solution including hyperbolic and elliptic paraboloids and cylindrical shells is obtained; solutions are expressed in shape parameter and shell parameter; design tables and numerical examples.
Challenging Return to Play Decisions: Heat Stroke, Exertional Rhabdomyolysis, and Exertional Collapse Associated With Sickle Cell Trait.

Context:Sports medicine providers frequently return athletes to play after sports-related injuries and conditions. Many of these conditions have guidelines or medical evidence to guide the decision-making process. Occasionally, however, sports medicine providers are challenged with complex medical conditions for which there is little evidence-based guidance and physicians are instructed to individualize treatment; included in this group of conditions are exertional heat stroke (EHS), exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER), and exertional collapse associated with sickle cell trait (ECAST).Evidence Acquisition:The MEDLINE (2000-2015) database was searched using the following search terms: exertional heat stroke, exertional rhabdomyolysis, and exertional collapse associated with sickle cell trait. References from consensus statements, review articles, and book chapters were also utilized.Study Design:Clinical review.Level of Evidence:Level 4.Results:These entities are unique in that they may cause organ system damag...