cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endovascular Reconstruction Utilizing Flow Diversion Stenting in a Patient With Bilateral Giant Cavernous Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms

Bilateral giant cerebral aneurysms are exceedingly rare. Giant aneurysms of the internal carotid artery (ICA) carry a poor prognosis if untreated. Flow diversion is an endovascular technique whereby a device is placed in the parent blood vessel to divert blood flow away from the aneurysm and is an available treatment for giant aneurysms. A 69-year-old woman presented with progressive diplopia and was found to have bilateral ICA aneurysms. She had stenting of the left ICA aneurysm with improvement of her symptoms and no complications. Five years post procedure, she presented with recurrent diplopia and was found to have enlargement of the previously seen right-sided cavernous ICA aneurysm, which was treated with another flow diversion stent with no complications. Endoluminal reconstruction/flow diversion with Pipeline™ Embolization Device (PED) has emerged as an alternative to traditional endosaccular coiling and parent artery occlusion. We report a case of bilateral cavernous carotid giant aneurysms treated with flow diversion and demonstrate that flow diversion stenting using the PED is a safe and reliable treatment for bilateral giant ICA aneurysms. We encourage interventionists to consider this technique in patients with giant intracranial aneurysms. J Neurol Res. 2020;10(4):136-139 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jnr593
Dynamic Modeling and State Estimation of Cable-Conduit Actuation During Interaction With Nonpassive Environments

Remote actuation solutions such as cable-conduit transmissions are beneficial in wearable robotics to reduce dynamic loading on distal joints. However, these systems often introduce high reflected impedance or require rigid sensors for force control that hinder their integration in wearables. Low impedance and ease of integration could be both obtained by combining distributed cable strain sensing with dynamic modeling to estimate output force and position. In this article, we present a new computational model to analyze the dynamics of cable-conduit systems. The model features bidirectional propagation of motion within the transmission, which allows for simulation of human-interacting systems, where either or both the human and the robot can be force or position sources. Moreover, we present a new method for rapidly solving for the system of equations based on iterative linearization of the system of nonlinear equations. The model and the solution method are validated in a physical prototype through experiments involving physical interaction with a human subject. Finally, we develop methods for model-based estimation of cable tension given measurements from multiple noisy strain sensors embedded in the transmission, and quantify the accuracy achievable via different methods as a function of the number and location of sensors. Results demonstrate that the model accurately predicts behavior observed in the prototype. Moreover, the newly developed iterative linearization solution method allows a 100-fold increase of computation speed compared to a standard solver. Finally, we demonstrate that cable tension can be estimated with increasing accuracy when increasing the number of sensors, but accuracy decreases if the output portion of the transmission is not instrumented.
Caring for the divided self: A psychoanalytic exploration of care and identity in organizations:

The study introduces a Lacanian psychoanalytic approach to the investigation of care in organizations. It examines 52 stories describing how employees care for one another in material and emotional...
Radiation Oncology Virtual Education Rotation 2.0 for Residents: Preliminary Results.

Purpose/Objective(s) Radiation Oncology Virtual Education Rotation (ROVER) is a virtual education platform developed to support radiation oncology education for medical students during COVID19 when away and in-person rotations were suspended. Due to the positive reception of ROVER, we created ROVER2.0 tailored to radiation oncology residents. Materials/Methods ROVER2.0 comprises monthly case-based discussions on various topics with radiation oncology faculty from across the country and is tailored to radiation oncology residents. Sessions are 1 hour in duration and hosted over Zoom. Sessions were advertised on social media (Twitter) and on ARRO, ACRO, and ADROP mailing lists. Pre- and post-session surveys were used to explore resident perspectives on virtual education and assess the utility of virtual education as a modern learning platform. Results Five ROVER2.0 sessions have been held, led by 17 faculty from 16 institutions (3-4 faculty per session) with a total of 868 registrants (R), 445 attendees (A), and 152 post-survey respondents (P): gastrointestinal (R = 186, A = 103, P = 50), genitourinary (R = 159, A = 83, P = 29), central nervous system (R = 140, A = 58, P = 19), pediatrics (R = 177, A = 94, P = 27), and head and neck (R = 206, A = 107, P = 27). 43.5% of registrants were female, 6.1% were PGY-1, 37.3% were PGY-2/3, and 45% were PGY-4-5. Of all registrants, 82% signed up for ROVER2.0 for the "opportunity to hear from a diverse expert panel." At baseline, 73.5% reported that their home programs conducted mock oral exams and programs were reported to have a median of 5 hours/week of dedicated didactics. A third or fewer reported that COVID-19 negatively impacted residency didactics (22.8%), faculty engagement in teaching (30.8%), or access to faculty (33.9%). 24.2%, 37.3%, and 38.5% of respondents felt that virtual platforms are superior, equal, or inferior to in-person learning, respectively. 98.0% considered the sessions very valuable or valuable and that it was very easy or easy (94.1%) to learn through the virtual format. 83.6% strongly agreed or agreed that they felt more confident treating the disease site cancer as a result of the session. 84.2% reported that they had no difficulty attending sessions due to clinical responsibilities. Conclusion ROVER2.0 case-based sessions can augment radiation oncology residency didactics by providing exposure to different practices across the country as an adjunct to in-person learning. Most respondents felt that COVID-19 did not negatively impact educational quality, and a rapid transition to virtual platforms likely served as an important buffer. ROVER2.0 was met with enthusiasm and considered an effective teaching tool by radiation oncology resident participants. This virtual and open-access resource can facilitate accessible and equitable education to those negatively impacted by in-person learning restrictions and allow broader dissemination of information about radiation oncology.
Is ADHD a sleep disorder? can adhd improve by treating the comorbid sleep disorder(S)? a research update

Introduction Research has shown that ADHD and sleep disorders are intimately intertwined in the majority of patients in both childhood and adulthood. Circadian rhythm sleep disturbances, esp. the delayed sleep phase syndrome, as well as several other sleep disorders, such as Insomnia, Restless Legs, Periodic Limb Movement Disorder and Sleep apnea are associated with ADHD. With a prevalence rate of 80% of sleep disorders in adults with ADHD, the question not only is what is chicken and egg, but even if both conditions share a joint pathophysiology. Objectives To investigate the consequences of this comorbid sleep disorders on severity of ADHD, mood and health, as well as to find evidence on improvement of ADHD by treatment of the sleep disorder(s). Methods Recent research will be evaluated to formulate answers to these questions. Results Sleep loss resulting from sleep disorders increases ADHD severity due to more impairment of cognition and memory as well as mood instability. Sleep loss in the longer term also leads to obesity, with negative consequences for health in general. First studies showing a decrease of ADHD symptoms by treatment of sleep disorders will be discussed. Conclusions ADHD and sleep disorders come together in the majority of patients and need both assessment and treatment. Treatment of ADHD by improving sleep, is an intriguing research question with potential new treatment options.
Beliefs to behaviors: How religiosity alters perceptions of CSR initiatives and retail selection

The purpose of this study is to bring more clarity to the complex discussion of religiosity and its effects on consumer attitudes toward corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives and social...
Physical Properties of Gluten‐Free Donuts

Gluten intolerance and wheat allergy are becoming more prevalent in the American population. Treatment for either condition is complete avoidance of wheat- and gluten-containing products. Little work has been performed on gluten-free (GF) fried foods, such as donuts. Thus, this study examined instrumental and sensory properties of GF yeast donuts in comparison to wheat yeast donuts. Eight different GF donut formulations were evaluated via instrumental and sensory analysis. Statistical analysis (α = 0.05) showed that most GF donuts had significantly lower fat content (26.3–32.2%) than the wheat control (33.7%). A higher ratio of commercial GF flour to rice flour resulted in higher fat content and mechanical properties closer to those of the wheat control compared with a lower ratio. Although GF donuts had significantly lower sensory acceptance scores than wheat donuts, several formulations yielded GF donuts with similar instrumental properties and lower fat content than the wheat control. Practical Applications This work yielded a gluten-free donut formulation that produced donuts with similar mechanical properties to wheat donuts, but with a lower fat content. These results show that gluten-free flours may be used in combination with wheat flour to produce donuts with lower fat content without adversely affecting the mechanical properties of the donuts. In addition, a commercial gluten-free donut product is not currently available, and this work makes strides toward a final formulation for this type of product.
Short-term soil quality response to forage species and pH

Forages are important throughout the south-east USA for livestock production and wildlife habitat. However, little is known about how forage species commonly grown in this region influence soil-quality indicators. The objectives of this research were to determine short-term response of soil water-stable aggregates (WSA) and density of fungal hyphae (DFH) to: (i) forage species or mixtures grown at identical soil pH levels and (ii) forage species or mixtures grown at field-state versus adjusted soil pH levels. Nine warm-season species (sole crop) and eleven cool-season sole crop or legume–grass mixtures were grown under protected culture in southern coastal plain soil microcosms. Levels of WSA and DFH, and plant shoot and root biomass were evaluated after two 12-week experimental growth periods in both field-state and adjusted-pH soil. Both warm- and cool-season forage species significantly altered short-term responses of WSA and DFH levels; these responses differed when the soil pH was adjusted from the field state with lime addition. The short-term responses of both WSA and DFH to lime addition in coastal plain soil were negative only when certain forage species were grown, and no response was detected for the control. It appeared that differences in plant shoot and root developmental characteristics played a key role in soil WSA and DFH responses to the species studied. Further long-term studies are needed to understand how these relationships are expressed in more variable environments over expanded time frames.
Shared Affect and Dyadic Synchrony Among Secure and Insecure Parent–Toddler Dyads

The present investigation explored the role of shared affect in parent–child dyadic synchrony during toddlerhood and examined if patterns of dyadic synchrony and shared affect differ for secure and insecure parent–child dyads. Data were collected from 128 families with toddler age children (67 girls and 61 boys) during a laboratory assessment. Mother–toddler and father–toddler interactions were coded for shared positive and negative affect, as well as dyadic synchrony. Attachment status was assessed using the Strange Situation. Data revealed that securely attached parent–toddler dyads spent more time in synchronous interaction, and less time in asynchronous interaction, than insecurely attached parent–toddler dyads. Parent–toddler synchronous interaction among both securely and insecurely attached dyads was characterized by shared positive affect. Among insecure dyads, shared negative affect was more predominate in asynchronous than in synchronous interaction. The role of individual differences in the manifestation of synchronous interaction among securely and insecurely attached parent–toddler dyads is discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Coextensiveness Thesis and Kant's Modal Agnosticism in the ‘Postulates’

In the Critique of Pure Reason, following his elucidation of the ‘postulates’ of possibility, actuality, and necessity, Kant makes a series of puzzling remarks. He seems to deny the somewhat metaphysically intuitive contention that the extension of possibility is greater than that of actuality, which, in turn, is greater than that of necessity (A230/B283). Further, he states that the actual adds nothing to the possible (B284). This leads to the view, fairly common in the literature, that Kant holds that all modal categories, in their empirical applications, are coextensive. I diverge from the common view. First, Kant is not committed to the coextensiveness thesis, understood as above. Instead, he espouses a weaker, epistemological version of the coextensiveness thesis, namely that what we can assert to be really possible is coextensive with what we cognize to be actual. Second, Kant's remarks are not intended to introduce a positive ontological thesis about the extensions of modal categories. Rather, he means to criticize a certain conception of modalities that was prevalent among his rationalist predecessors, i.e., the conception of modalities as various determinations that enter the intensions of concepts of things.
A Pilot Study on Integrating Videography and Environmental Microbial Sampling to Model Fecal Bacterial Exposures in Peri-Urban Tanzania

Diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of under-five mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. Quantitative exposure modeling provides opportunities to investigate the relative importance of fecal-oral transmission routes (e.g. hands, water, food) responsible for diarrheal disease. Modeling, however, requires accurate descriptions of individuals’ interactions with the environment (i.e., activity data). Such activity data are largely lacking for people in low-income settings. In the present study, we collected activity data and microbiological sampling data to develop a quantitative microbial exposure model for two female caretakers in peri-urban Tanzania. Activity data were combined with microbiological data of contacted surfaces and fomites (e.g. broom handle, soil, clothing) to develop example exposure profiles describing second-by-second estimates of fecal indicator bacteria (E. coli and enterococci) concentrations on the caretaker’s hands. The study demonstrates the application and utility of video activity data to quantify exposure factors for people in low-income countries and apply these factors to understand fecal contamination exposure pathways. This study provides both a methodological approach for the design and implementation of larger studies, and preliminary data suggesting contacts with dirt and sand may be important mechanisms of hand contamination. Increasing the scale of activity data collection and modeling to investigate individual-level exposure profiles within target populations for specific exposure scenarios would provide opportunities to identify the relative importance of fecal-oral disease transmission routes.
The Relation Between Formal Operational Reasoning and Academic Course Selection and Performance Among College Freshmen and Sophomores

The significance of Infielder and Piaget's (1958) construct of"formal operations" depends in pert on establishing the extent to which formal operations have real-wodd relevance beyond the narrow domain of assessment situations in which Infielder and Piaget studied them. The present research investigates this question by examining the effect of exhibiting a concrete versus formal operational level of reasoning in an isolation of variables task on academic program selection and performance of beginning college students over a two-year period. Students who reasoned at the concrete operational level did not differ from students matched on ACT scores who reasoned at a formal operational level with respect to either number of college credits obtained or overall grade point average. When courses were broken down into three categories, however, "formals" took significantly more science/math courses and received significantly higher grades in them. No differences were found in the other two categories: liberal arts/social sciences or activities/vocational courses. A further study of beginning college students already enrolled in science/math courses confirmed that very few concrete operational reasoners were present in these courses, suggesling that a process of self-selection is in operation. Inhelder and Piaget' s (1958) stage of formal operations has received considmlLble attention as the only comprehensive theoreticalformulation of major cognilive changes occurring subsequent to childhood. At the most abstract level, formal OIm'atlons can be characterized as operations on operations, or, in other words,
FUEL CELL COGENERATION SYSTEM : A CASE OF TECHNOECONOMIC ANALYSIS

UNESP, Sao Paulo State Univ, Coll Engn Guaratingueta, Dept Energy, BR-12500000 Guaratingueta, SP, Brazil
Binding of tricyclic antidepressant drugs to trophozoites of Giardia lamblia.

Abstract 1. Parameters affecting the binding of the tricyclic drugs imipramine and 3-chloroimipramine to Giardia lamblia trophozoites were studied. 2. Two to three times more chlorimipramine than imipramine was bound, consistent with a similar difference in suppressing parasite growth (Weinbach et al ; 1985). 3. Kinetic analysis and the ease with which bound drugs can be washed out of the parasites indicate that noncovalent forces are involved in the drug-parasite interaction. 4. Evidence is presented that such drugs probably bind to parasite protein at common binding sites. 5. The data relate to our earlier observation that chlorimipramine is about ten times more effective than metronidazole (Crouch et al. , 1986) in suppressing G. lamblia growth in vitro . Tricyclic drugs, therefore, merit serious consideration as novel therapeutic agents against giardiasis.
Effects of the Use of Assisted Reproductive Technologies and an Obesogenic Environment on Resistance Artery Function and Diabetes Biomarkers in Mice Offspring

Maternal obesity affects the incidence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in offspring. Also the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) has been associated with cardiovascular deficiencies in offspring. Obese women often suffer from infertility and use ART to achieve a pregnancy, but the combined effects of maternal obesity and ART on cardiovascular health and incidence of diabetes in the offspring is not known. Here, we report the effects of the use of ART within an obesogenic environment, consisting of feeding a western diet (WD) to dams and offspring, on resistance artery function and presence of diabetes biomarkers in juvenile mice offspring. Our results indicate that WD and ART interacted to induce endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric resistance arteries isolated from 7-week-old mice offspring. This was determined by presence of a reduced acetylcholine-induced dilation compared to controls. The arteries from these WD-ART mice also had greater wall cross-sectional areas and wall to lumen ratios indicative of vascular hypertrophic remodeling. Of the diabetes biomarkers measured, only resistin was affected by a WD×ART interaction. Serum resistin was significantly greater in WD-ART offspring compared to controls. Diet and sex effects were observed in other diabetes biomarkers. Our conclusion is that in mice the use of ART within an obesogenic environment interacts to favor the development of endothelial dysfunction in the resistance arteries of juvenile offspring, while having marginal effects on diabetes biomarkers.
Tissue prostanoids as biomarkers for chemoprevention of colorectal neoplasia: correlation between prostanoid synthesis and clinical response in familial adenomatous polyposis.

Recent studies indicate that sulindac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), lowers mucosal prostanoid levels and regresses colorectal adenomas in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). To determine whether they are biomarkers for sulindac-mediated chemoprevention of colorectal adenomas, levels of 5 prostanoids [prostaglandin (PG) D2, PGE2, PGF2α, thromboxane B2, and 6-keto-PGF1α] in the normal-appearing rectal mucosa from 7 FAP patients with a history of subtotal colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis and 4 FAP patients without surgery, were measured in the absence or presence of exogenously added arachidonic acid before the initiation and at the end of 3 months of sulindac treatment. The addition of arachidonic acid resulted in a uniform increase in the levels of all 5 prostanoids although this increase was selectively attenuated in patients with ileorectal anastomosis who took sulindac. In the latter patients, arachidonic acid also augmented the inhibition of prostanoid synthesis by sulindac. In contrast, sulindac failed to attenuate the increase in prostanoid levels resulting from arachidonic acid in patients without previous surgery. Importantly, when measured in the presence of arachidonic acid, the reduction in the levels of all 5 prostanoids due to sulindac was statistically correlated with a reduction in the size and number of adenomas in the two groups of patients combined. These results suggest that tissue prostanoids measured in the presence of arachidonic acid may serve as sensitive and reliable biomarkers in monitoring the clinical responsiveness of FAP patients undergoing chemoprevention for colorectal neoplasia with NSAIDs.
Content Analysis: A Technique for Measuring Attitudes Expressed in Environmental Education Literature

Abstract Environmental education researchers have done little in the area of public relations material assessment, especially when photographs have been involved. Content analysis is an approach to documentary research involving archive material. The five steps of (1) defining the population, (2) determining the sample, (3) isolating the unit of analysis, (4) encoding the data, and (5) conducting the statistical analysis are necessary in conducting content analysis research. These five steps are discussed with examples of methods and results from a 1986 study of national forest brochures. This study included the written material, graphics of the title panel, as well as photographs. Results indicated that the brochures might identify more people actively engaged in appropriate forest recreation pursuits, depict a larger number of undomesticated animals, benefit from a lower reading level, and use a greater variety of graphic techniques on the title panel.
Protein-resistant surfaces prepared by PEO-containing block copolymer surfactants.

Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-containing non-ionic polymeric surfactants were studied as a possible means to produce PEO-rich surfaces by a simple coating treatment of a common hydrophobic medical material—polyethylene. Surface tension and adsorption properties of PEO/polypropylene oxide(PPO) and PEO/polybutylene oxide(PBO) block copolymer surfactants on a hydrophobic surface (low density polyethylene, LDPE) were investigated, using the Wilhelmy plate surface tension technique and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The protein resistance of the surfactant-treated surfaces was evaluated by XPS and 125I-labeled proteins. The data presented indicate that adsorption of the surfactants on LDPE is dependent on the molecular geometry of the surfactants. Adsorption of human albumin was significantly decreased on the surfactant-treated LDPE surfaces, as compared with the untreated surface. Surfactants suitable for the preparation of PEO-rich surfaces and possible mechanisms for their protein resistance are discussed.
CdZnTe Background Measurement at Balloon Altitudes with an Active BGO Shield

We report results of an experiment conducted in May 1997 to measure CdZnTe background and background reduction schemes in space flight conditions similar to those of proposed hard x-ray astrophysics missions. A 1 cm2 CdZnTe detector was placed adjacent to a thick BGO anticoincidence shield and flown piggy backed onto the EXITE2 scientific balloon payload. The planar shield was designed to veto background counts produced by local gamma-ray production in passive material and neutron interactions in the detector. The CdZnTe and BGO were partially surrounded by a Pb-Sn-Cu shield to approximate the grammage of an x-ray collimator, although the field of view was still approximately 2 (pi) sr. At an altitude of 127000 feet we find a reduction in background by a factor of 6 at 100 keV. The non-vetoed background is 9 by 104 cts cm-2s-1 at 100 keV, about a factor of 2 higher than that of the collimated EXITE2 phoswich detector. We compare our recorded spectrum with that expected from simulations using GEANT and find agreement within a factor of 2 between 30 and 300 keV. We also compare our results with those of previous experiments using passive lead and active NaI shields, and discus possible active shielding schemes in future astronomy mission employing large arrays of CdZnTe detectors.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the mycotoxin penicillic acid and its application to biological fluids

Secalonic acid D (SAD) is an acutely toxic, teratogenic and possibly mutagenic fungal metabolite produced in corn by Penicillium oxalicum. Using ultraviolet absorbance at 340 nm as a means of detection, SAD was resolved as a sharp peak by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a small particle (10 mu m) mu Bondapak C18 column in 4 min by an acetonitrile--water--glacial acetic acid-tetrahydrofuran (5:3:0.5:0.5 for solvent system A and 4:3:0.5:0.5 for solvent system B) elution solvent system. The flow-rates for the two solvent systems (A and B) were 1.5 and 1.7 ml/min; column operating pressures of 1500 and 1800 p.s.i., respectively, resulted. The relationship between peak height or peak area and the quantity of SAD injected was linear over a range of 1--50 ng. Detection was very sensitive with lower limits of detection of 0.6 and 0.7 ng of SAD in solvent systems A and B, respectively. Retention times, peak heights and peak areas were highly reproducible in both solvent systems. Detection of SAD in spiked (0.2--10 mu g/ml) urine and bile samples injected without cleanup onto the HPLC column and quantitative extraction of SAD by ethyl acetate from spiked, acidified plasma samples (0.1--5 mu g/ml) followed by HPLC analysis were obtained. Solvent system B gave better resolution of SAD from the interfering substances in bile and urine than solvent system A. However, sensitivity was slightly greater in solvent system A.
Modeling the Roles of Craft Production in Ancient Political Economies

Ongoing debates over the significance of specialized production in ancient political economies frequently hinge on questions of whether elites or commoners controlled craft manufactures and whether the material or ideological import of these production processes was more significant in deciding power contests. Though long recognized, such queries were traditionally answered in relatively straightforward economic terms. Recently, these time-honored approaches have been questioned. An ever increasing number of authors are promoting varied takes on the causal linkages between political forms and processes, on the one hand, and patterns of production, distribution, and use of craft goods, on the other. The literature generated by these discussions is extensive, vibrant, and often confusing. Rather than trying to synthesize all reports and essays dealing with specialized manufacture, this paper highlights general interpretive trends that underlie and structure current debates. The concluding section offers suggestions for how studies of relations among crafts, power, and social heterogeneity might be pursued profitably in the future.
Biomechanical topography of human ankle cartilage

The material properties of normal cadaveric human cartilage in the ankle mortice (tibiotalar articulation) were eval- uated to determine a possible etiologic mechanism of cartilage injury of the ankle when an obvious traumatic episode is not present. Using an automated indentation apparatus and the bi- phasic creep indentation methodology, creep indentation exper- iments were performed in five sites in the distal tibia, one site in the distal fibula, and eight sites in the proximal talus of 14 human ankles (seven pairs). Results showed significant differences in the mechanical properties of specific human ankle cartilage re- gions. Topographically, tibial cartilage is stiffer (1.19 MPa) than talar cartilage (1.06 MPa). Cartilage in the anterior medial por- tion of the tibia has the largest aggregate modulus (H A = 1.34 MPa), whereas the softest tissue was found to be in the posterior lateral (0.92 MPa) and the posterior medial (0.92 MPa) regions of the talus. The posterior lateral ridge of the talus was the thickest (1.45 mm) and the distal fibula was the thinnest (0.95 mm) articular cartilage. The largest Poisson's ratio was found in the distal fibula (0.08). The lowest and highest permeability were found in the anterior lateral regions of the astragalus (0.80 x 10-15 m'*N- ~sec - i) and the posterior medial region of the tibia (1.79 x 10-15 m4N - ise c- 1), respectively. The ante- rior and posterior regions of the lateral and medial sites of the tibia were found to be 18-37% stiffer than the anatomically corresponding sites in the talus. The biomechanical results may explain clinically observed talar dome osteochondral lesions when no obvious traumatic event is present. Cartilage lesions in a repetitive overuse process in the ankle joint may be related to a disparity of mechanical properties between the articulating sur- faces of the tibial and talar regions. mate articulation producing joint stability. The posterior portion of the talus is narrower in the medial-lateral plane than that anterior-posterior. This anatomy dictates that im- mobilization of the ankle be performed in neutral position such that the widest portion is articulating with the tibial mortice. Both ligamentous and bony attachments provide inherent joint stability with muscular control compensat- ing for ligamentous injuries. Damage to the articular surfaces of the ankle joint is less common than that of the knee or hip, but is equally disabling. The human ankle is afflicted with many patho- logic degenerative processes, which are mostly manifested in the talus. These pathologic changes are usually associ- ated with transchondral fractures of the talus, osteochon- dritis dissecans of the talus, and osteoarthritis of tibial and talar surfaces usually secondary to trauma.
Locally most powerful rank tests for several sample problems

This paper develops for the several sample problem the notions of a parametric family of non-parametric alternatives. In section two we give a detailed characterization of the class of all locally most powerful rank order tests for testing the hypothesis of equality of several continuous distributions. In section three we show that the class of all locally most powerful rank order tests coincides with the class of all locally least powerful tests. In section four we consider a multiple decision problem with non-parametric slippage alternatives and characterize the class of all locally best symmetric decision procedures based on rank orders.
Effector Molecules to Probe Cytochrome c Oxidase Activity in Germinating Phaseolus vulgaris L. Seeds

Summary The respiratory effector molecules carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (N2O), and deuterium oxide (D2O) were used to probe cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) activity in mitochondrial particles and enzyme isolated from germinating bean seeds. Mitochondrial CO effects were dose-dependent and readily reversible, with maximal activity inhibition of 58 % and 81 % for mitochondria and oxidase, respectively, in the presence of 80 % CO. Cytochrome oxidase activity was reversibly inhibited 36 % in the presence of 80 % N2O. In the presence of 99.8 % D2O, mitochondrial and enzyme activities were 43 % and 52 % of control activities, with mitochondrial effects partially reversed in H2O. Visible spectra of mitochondrial and enzyme preparations showed that CO bound to cytochrome oxidase at heme a3, while N2O and D2O did not directly affect the ligand binding site. Seed germination was not changed in the presence of these molecules, but reductions were observed in seedling respiration and root length corresponding to reductions in cytochrome oxidase activity. As loss of vigor is the first step in seed deterioration, these results would indicate that cytochrome c oxidase activity may be important in the loss of viability.
Imaging topological edge states in silicon photonics

Topological edge states of light are observed in a two-dimensional array of coupled optical ring resonators, which induce a virtual magnetic field for photons using silicon-on-insulator technology. The edge states are experimentally demonstrated to be robust against intrinsic and introduced disorder, which is a hallmark of topological order.
On modeling the deformation and fracture response of glassy polymers due to shear-yielding and crazing

Abstract We have developed a constitutive model and failure criteria, which account for the competition between shear-yielding and crazing, and provide a framework for the quantitative prediction of the deformation and fracture response of glassy polymers. To represent shear-yielding we use the model of Boyce et al. (e.g. [Mech. Mater. 7 (1988) 15]), which has been recently re-formulated by Anand and Gurtin [Int. J. Solids Struct. 40 (2003) 1465]. To model crazing, we introduce a continuum constitutive relation which contains the three ingredients of crazing: initiation, widening, and breakdown. We allow for local inelastic deformation due to shear-yielding in possible concurrence with that due to crazing, and introduce a craze-initiation criterion based on the local maximum principal tensile stress reaching a critical value which depends on the local mean normal stress. After crazing has initiated, our continuum model represents the transition from shear-flow to craze-flow by a change in the viscoplastic flow rule, in which the dilational inelastic deformation associated with craze-plasticity is taken to occur in the direction of the local maximum principal stress. Finally, for situations in which the local maximum tensile stress is positive, craze-breakdown and fracture is taken to occur when a local tensile plastic craze strain reaches a critical value. We have implemented our constitutive model in a finite-element computer program. This finite-element program permits the modeling of failure by an element-removal technique. We have calibrated the constitutive parameters in our model for the important glassy polymer, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) under normal dry conditions. We show that our model, when suitably calibrated and implemented, is able to reasonably-well predict the macroscopic load–displacement curves, and local aspects of the craze-flow and fracture processes in (a) a thin plate with a circular hole under tension, and (b) a notched beam in four-point bending.
The use of intraoperative fluoroscopy to reduce femoral interference screw divergence during endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Femoral interference screw divergence can potentially have detrimental consequences in the rehabilitation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Several biomechanical studies suggest that divergence angles greater than 15 degrees significantly decrease the pullout strength of the graft. Numerous techniques have been described in the literature that address this issue; however, the use of an image intensifier intraoperatively is not frequently discussed. We describe a technique in which fluoroscopy is used to confirm the proper position of the femoral interference screw at the time of the procedure, and therefore minimizes the incidence of significant screw divergence. Radiographic analysis of 62 patients who underwent endoscopic ACL reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft using this technique revealed significant divergence in only 3% of patients.
Methodological Issues in Social Work Research with Depressed Women of Color

ABSTRACT Social work researchers committed to advancing knowledge for effective practice with depressed women, especially culturally-diverse women, are faced with numerous methodological challenges. These challenges emanate from the ambiguity that surrounds the definition and measurement of the concept of depression, and from problems that apply to all cross-cultural research including content, semantic, and technical equivalence of self-report instruments. The article reviews these challenges and concludes with recommendations for addressing them, including suggestions for promoting methodological diversity, cross-cultural measurement validity, consideration of environmental risk and resiliency factors, attention to the process of data collection, and researcher self-assessment.
An Examination of Subordinate-Perceived Relationships Between Leader Reward and Punishment Behavior and Leader Bases of Power

This paper extends earlier research on perceived leader reinforcement behavior and its affective and behavioral correlates. The current study examines relationships among subordinate perceptions of our supervisory ("leader") reinforcement behaviors (contingent and noncontingent reward and punishment behavior) and the five French and Raven (1959) bases of power (reward, coercive, legitimate, expert, and referent power). Based upon the literature, five sets of hypothesized relationships were developed, relating the perceived power bases to the perceived reward and punishment behaviors. Bivariate correlation, stepwise multiple regression, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed on data obtained from surveys conducted in two large (N = 375, 297) samples. The results supported the positive effects of subordinate-perceived supervisor contingent reward and punishment behavior and the negative effects of noncontingent punishment on subordinate perceptions of their supervisor's power. Not supp...
The Bernstein Constant and Polynomial Interpolation at the Chebyshev Nodes

In this paper, we establish new asymptotic relations for the errors of approximation in Lp?1,1], 00, by the Lagrange interpolation polynomials at the Chebyshev nodes of the first and second kind. As a corollary, we show that the Bernstein constantB?,p?limn?∞n?+1/p infck??x????k=0nmckxk?Lp?1,1] is finite for ?>0 and p?13,∞).
A Multivariable Generalized Self- Tuning Controller with Feedforward

This paper presents a multivariable generalized minimum variance feedforward controller which minimizes a cost function incorporating the system input output vectors, measurable disturbance vector, load offset and time-varying reference signal to allow the best possible disturbance rejection. The stability properties of this controller are also explored in detail. The self-tuning feedforward controller based on the optimal control law proposed adopts the techniques of updating the weighting polynomial matrices of the cost function on line and eliminating the tracking error and the load offset without an integrator. It can be applied to a class of multivariable systems to obtain a simple self-tuning control algorithm which realizes adaptive decoupling control and specifically handles the MIMO system with a different delay associated with each output. The successful application to a multivariable electric heated furnace demonstrates the effectiveness of the adaptive control scheme presented.
System Testbed Use on a Mature Deep Space Mission: Cassini

The Cassini-Huygens Program is a joint effort between the European Space Agency (ESA), which delivered the Huygens probe, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which delivered the Cassini spacecraft. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) manages the Cassini spacecraft for NASA. Cassini's primary mission is to survey the complex Saturnian system and release the ESA-Huygens probe at Titan. The Cassini Integrated Test Lab (ITL) at JPL is a high-fidelity hardware-in-the-loop testbed. It uses Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystem (AACS) and Command and Data Subsystem (CDS) flight hardware (H/W), as well as high-fidelity simulations of the other spacecraft subsystems and signals. System Testbeds like the Cassini ITL are often considered to be primarily used in the Final Design and Fabrication Phase and the System Assembly, Integration & Test and Launch Phase of a Mission, but the Cassini ITL has proven to be an essential component of an extremely successful Operations and Sustainment Phase. This paper discusses the role of the Cassini ITL since Cassini's launch, through cruise, orbit insertion at Saturn, probe release at Titan and throughout its tour as Cassini enters the final year of its primary mission.
Maze training alters brain weights and cortical RNA/DNA ratios

In order to test whether training leads to anatomical and chemical changes in the brain, individual rats were given self-paced trials in mazes, traversing the maze in order to get from a food station to a water station. In 30 days of this training, during which they had no social interaction, the rats developed significant increases in weight and RNA/DNA of standard samples of cerebral cortex, as compared with littermate rats in either of two control conditions: (a) rats confined to small individual cages ( N = 70 per condition); (b) rats that traversed the empty maze box with no maze barriers present ( N = 29 per condition). Whereas the rats who faced maze problems decreased average transit times through the maze on successive trials, the rats that traversed the empty box showed no regular trend in running times over trials. The cerebral effects of maze experience versus control conditions were similar in pattern but were smaller in magnitude than effects of experience in a social group in a multisensory complex environment. This clear evidence of cerebral changes as consequences of maze training adds further support to the indications that similar cerebral changes resulting from enriched experience are due to learning rather than to other factors. The changes that follow training or enriched experience can be linked with other evidence concerning the roles of RNA and of protein synthesis in the formation of long-term memory traces. The U.S. Government's right to retain a nonexclusive royalty-free license in and to the copyright covering this paper, for governmental purposes, is acknowledged.
Post-disaster Surveillance among State Health Departments in the United States

The importance of post-disaster surveillance has increased with the massive impact recent disasters have had on affected populations' health. In 2012, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) assessed state-level disaster epidemiologic capacity with a focus on surveillance. Concurrently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) created the Disaster Epidemiology Community of Practice (DE CoP), which serves as a forum for public health practitioners to share information, including resources related to post-disaster surveillance. This panel will present the results of the CSTE 2012 assessment and will provide an overview of resources available to epidemiologists for post-disaster surveillance.
New long‐chain hydroxy acids fromGrevillea decora

In addition to the ω-5 olefinic acids found in otherGrevillea species, about 10% of the acyl groups ofG. decora seed oil contain a hydroxy group and an ω-5 double bond. The chainlengths of these acids are from C22 to C30, with the largest concentration at the C26 and C28 chainlengths. The hydroxy group is located on odd carbons from carbon-5 through carbon-13. These acids previously were unknown in nature. The most abundant of these are 7-hydroxy-cis-17-docosenoic, 7-hydroxy-cis-19-tetracosenoic, 9-hydroxy-cis-19-tetracosenoic, 9-hydroxy-cis-21-hexacosenoic, 11-hydroxy-cis-21-hexacosenoic, and 13-hydroxy-cis-23-octacosenoic acids. The oil also contains the largest known concentration of the unoxygenated C26 and C28 ω-5 monoenes.
Mechanistic Studies of Human Spermine Oxidase: Kinetic Mechanism and pH Effects

In mammalian cells, the flavoprotein spermine oxidase (SMO) catalyzes the oxidation of spermine to spermidine and 3-aminopropanal. Mechanistic studies have been conducted with the recombinant human enzyme. The initial velocity pattern in which the ratio between the concentrations of spermine and oxygen is kept constant establishes the steady-state kinetic pattern as ping-pong. Reduction of SMO by spermine in the absence of oxygen is biphasic. The rate constant for the rapid phase varies with the substrate concentration, with a limiting value (k3) of 49 s−1 and an apparent Kd value of 48 μM at pH 8.3. The rate constant for the slow step is independent of the spermine concentration, with a value of 5.5 s−1, comparable to the kcat value of 6.6 s−1. The kinetics of the oxidative half-reaction depend on the aging time after the spermine and enzyme are mixed in a double-mixing experiment. At an aging time of 6 s, the reaction is monophasic with a second-order rate constant of 4.2 mM−1 s−1. At an aging time of 0...
Intake of sweet water attenuates restraint-stress-induced potentiation of morphine analgesia in rats.

Abstract The analgesia induced in rats by morphine is potentiated by restraint-stress exposure and is reduced in rats that have been consuming a sweet solution. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the potentiation of morphine-induced analgesia following restraint immobilization would be attenuated in rats consuming a sweet solution. Groups of rats were maintained on unsweetened water or allowed 2 h of daily access to a solution of saccharin and glucose (SG). Half of the rats in each of these groups were subjected to 1 h of restraint stress (groups RS and RS+SG) and the other half in each group were not stressed (groups NS and NS+SG). Rats then underwent 1 h of RS treatment or were nonstressed (NS). The next day all rats were injected subcutaneously with morphine (0.0, 4.0, 8.0, or 16 mg/kg) and analgesia was assessed using the tail flick assay. ED 50 s , (mg/kg) were calculated for each treatment group; NS = 5.8, RS = 1.6, NS+SG = 6.4, and RS+SG = 4.4. Our results demonstrate that RS potentiated morphine-induced analgesia in rats given access to SG as well as non-SG exposed rats that displayed ED 50 s 1.5 and 3.9 times lower than their respective controls. RS-treated rats that consumed SG solution had significantly lower tail flick latencies than did non-SG exposed rats. Additionally, tail flick latencies of rats in the nonstressed and NS+SG groups did not significantly differ. We conclude that the brain mechanism(s) responsible for RS-induced potentiation of morphine antinociception are attenuated by intake of a sweet solution. The possibility that exposure to sweetened solution alters the neural calcium influx via voltage dependent channels is discussed.