cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study of undulator influence on the dynamic aperture for the Duke FEL storage ring

Abstract The Duke FEL storage ring is designed to accommodate FEL undulators with a maximum length of 26 m. We present the study of undulator influence on the dynamic aperture for the OK-4 FEL and the future 26 m FEL.
Vortex/Separated Boundary-Layer Interactions at Transonic Mach Numbers

An experimental study has been completed on the effect of a single longitudinal vortex on a separated, transonic, turbulent boundary layer. The vortex was generated by a half-delta wing mounted at the upstream end of an axisymmetric "bump" model. A flow visualization study was conducted using vapor screen and surface oilflow techniques. In addition surface pressures were measured and mean flow and turbulence data obtained using a two-component laser velocimeter. At precritical Mach numbers, the vortex delayed or eliminated boundary-layer separation on the downwash side and enhanced it on the upwash side, thus converting a nominally twodimensional separation into a three-dimensional one. At the postcritical Mach number, the effect of the vortex was to reduce the size and extent of the shock-induced boundary-layer separation throughout the region of interaction. The boundary-layer turbulence in both cases was found to reorganize accordingly, although in a rather complex manner. The onset of three-dimensi onality in the separation line produced by the vortex resulted in secondary vortices (foci), the sign and number being strongly dependent on the freestream Mach number.
Response of a Research Aircraft to Icing and Evaluation of Severity Indices

The relationship between four atmospheric parameters and three measures of flight degradation are investigated using data from an instrumented research aircraft. Data from flights that took place in wintertime stratus clouds over northeastern Colorado are emphasized; additional data points from encounters with large supercooled droplets over northern California and northern Arizona are included. The maximum decrease in coefficient of lift due to icing was 35%, with 68% of cases within 10% of the uniced aircraft value. Coefficient of drag increased by up to 230% as a result of icing and climb capability was reduced by up to 6.9 m/s. Greater performance loss was related to higher liquid water content, median volume diameter, and potential accumulation of ice. A combination of liquid water content > 0.2 g/m3, median volume diameter > 30 /un, and temperature > — 10°C was responsible for the largest performance decreases. Severity indices that were dependent on liquid water content, median droplet volume diameter, and temperature were tested. An index that takes into account the effects of large droplet icing provided the best relation between higher severity level and increased performance degradation.
Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation of Renal Cell Cancer After Nonmyeloablative Chemotherapy: Feasibility, Engraftment, and Clinical Results

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem-cell transplantation in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) and to evaluate efficacy with respect to engraftment and tumor regression. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between February 1999 and June 2001, patients with refractory, metastatic RCC were screened for enrollment. A fludarabine and cyclophosphamide–based conditioning regimen was used. Patients received granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor–mobilized, unmanipulated stem cells from a 6/6 HLA-matched sibling donor. Prophylaxis against graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) included tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. RESULTS: A total of 284 patients with metastatic RCC were seen during this time period. Eighty-four patients who had siblings available for HLA typing were actively screened for enrollment, and 15 patients have undergone treatment. Durable donor engraftment was achieved in one of the first four patients treated. Patients no...
Loss of Insulin Response to Ingested Amino Acids After Jejunoileal Bypass Surgery for Morbid Obesity

Amino acid tolerance tests were performed before and after jejunoileal bypass surgery for morbid obesity to determine whether an enteric factor(s) originating in the bypassed jejunum and/or ileum potentiates the insulin response to oral nitrogen loading. Preoperati vely a 30-gm. mixture of amino acids given orally evoked a larger peak insulin response than an intravenous load yielding comparable plasma amino acid elevations (82 ± 17 μU./ml. versus 38 ± 8 μU./rnl., p < 0.05). Four months after operation, basal insulin concentrations were 46 per cent ( p < 0.001) of preoperative values. After surgery the response to intravenous amino acids was preserved when expressed as percentage increase above basal. In contrast, the peak increment and the percentage increase in insulin secretion after 30-gm. oral amino acid loading was significantly blunted ( p < 0.005). A smaller amino acid load (16.5 gm.) was given preoperatively to duplicate the plasma amino acid elevations seen postoperatively with the 30-gm. mixture given by mouth. The insulin response postoperatively was still significantly lower (167 ± 33 per cent versus 98 ± 16 per cent, p < 0.05). After various explanations for the diminished postoperative insulin release following oral amino acid ingestion are considered, the results are best explained by the loss of an enteric insulinotrophic factor(s) normally released by the bypassed portions of jejunum or ileum in response to ingested protein.
Segment-based recovery: write-ahead logging revisited

Although existing write-ahead logging algorithms scale to conventional database workloads, their communication and synchronization overheads limit their usefulness for modern applications and distributed systems. We revisit write-ahead logging with an eye toward finer-grained concurrency and an increased range of workloads, then remove two core assumptions: that pages are the unit of recovery and that times-tamps (LSNs) should be stored on each page.Recovering individual application-level objects (rather than pages) simplifies the handing of systems with object sizes that differ from the page size.We show how to remove the need for LSNs on the page, which in turn enables DMA or zero-copy I/O for large objects, increases concurrency, and reduces communication between the application, buffer manager and log manager. Our experiments show that the looser coupling significantly reduces the impact of latency among the components. This makes the approach particularly applicable to large scale distributed systems, and enables a "cross pollination" of ideas from distributed systems and transactional storage.However, these advantages come at a cost; segments are incompatible with physiological redo, preventing a number of important optimizations. We show how allocation enables (or prevents) mixing of ARIES pages (and physiological redo) with segments. We present an allocation policy that avoids undesirable interactions that complicate other combinations of ARIES and LSN-free pages, and then present a proof that both approaches and our combination are correct.Many optimizations presented here were proposed in the past. However, we believe this is the first unified approach.
What is the relativistic generalization of a linearly rising potential

Recent progress in summing graphs of non-Abelian gauge theories focuses attention on certain manifestly Lorentz-invariant classical action-at-a-distance theories, whose solution allows for the construction of field-theoretic Green functions in the WKB approximation. The sum of graphs is of QED type, except that the gluon propagator is modified to incorporate the renormalization-group-invariant charge g(k). The purely phenomenological choice g2 ∼ k−2 is equivalent non-relativistically to a linearly rising potential and yields a fully relativistic classical action-at-a-distance theory with exactly soluble circular orbits, whose Bohr quantization yields an asymptotic approximation to the poles of the Green function. One finds asymptotically linear Regge trajectories, but other phenomenological aspects are not as promising when only a linearly rising potential is used (in common with other phenomenological studies). As a redeeming feature, there do not appear to be any obvious pathologies of the sort familiar from string theories and ad hoc generalizations of linearly rising potentials.
Inflammation, Adipose Tissue, and T Cells: What Is the “Straight Skinny” on Lean Versus Fat Mice?

To the Editor: Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation in adipose tissue (AT), as evidenced by increased levels of cytokines/chemokines and accumulation and activation of macrophages and T cells,1–3 which are acknowledged as important contributors to insulin resistance in obesity. Recently, using Apoe−/−×CD4dnTGFbR mice, Sultan et al reported that T cell-mediated inflammation does not cause insulin resistance in lean mice.4 Compared to controls (Apoe−/− mice), lean Apoe−/−×CD4dnTGFbR mice showed increased inflammation in AT (but not specifically in AT), as indicated by increased content of T cells and macrophages, higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, but a comparable level of interleukin (IL)-6.4 However, lean Apoe−/−×CD4dnTGFbR mice did not show worsened insulin resistance compared to Apoe−/− mice.4 Therefore, the authors concluded that T cell-mediated inflammation in AT does not cause insulin resistance in hyperlipidemic mice.4 We acknowledge …
How Quality Happens: Quality Management Program Results Analyzed within a Baldrige Award Framework

ABSTRACTThis research project sought to determine 1) whether the extent of implementing total quality management (TQM) principles in individual organizations could be measured easily by sampling the perceptions of professional workers who were familiar with TQM concepts and (2) if relationships existed between specific TQM implementation patterns and particular outcomes. Members of a Memphis, Tennessee, quality users group were surveyed using a questionnaire that incorporated selected elements of the 1991 Baldrige Award criteria.Scores calculated from the survey responses were expressed in values consistent with the national award-scoring process and compared with data describing 1990 award applicants. The survey respondents appear to overrate their organizations, and for-profit (FP) respondents rated their organizations significantly higher in several important TQM areas than did the not-for-profit (NFP) responders. Using raw data, TQM implementation patterns and results were examined within and between ...
Intracranial arterial aneurysm--an update.

Cette etude fait le point sur le diagnostic, l'evolution naturelle et le traitement des anevrismes intracrâniens rompus (mesures generales, traitement des complications generales et neurologiques, place et resultats de la chirurgie)
Tessellation growth models for polycrystalline microstructures

Abstract This work proposes novel models to represent and parametrize random morphology of polycrystalline microstructures. The reliability of high-fidelity mechanical analysis of polycrystalline microstructures depends upon the morphological representation of the virtual model. Two models addressed in this work are spherical growth and ellipsoidal growth tessellations in which grains grow as spheres (or ellipsoids) with random velocities which initiate from random nucleation sites represented by a spatial point process. All of the stochastic parameters can be represented by a marked point process random field model, for which simulation algorithms exist. Probability distributions of the model parameters are estimated by obtaining best-fit realizations of the models to a data set of a reconstructed microstructure specimen. The accuracy to which these tessellation models can represent real microstructures is evaluated using two example data sets by computing numerous microstructure features as well as the mismatch volume between the best-fit realizations and the data. The spherical growth and ellipsoidal growth tessellations demonstrate very significant improvements over the Voronoi tessellation, while remaining low dimensional representations of the microstructure. Realizations generated from a marked point process random field model show very good agreement in grain size, aspect ratio, and nearest neighbor distributions compared to an example data set. Thus, subsequent realistic instantiations of microstructures having the same statistical characteristics of the data can be trivially obtained, which are necessary to propagate the uncertainty associated with morphological randomness on response quantities of interest in mechanics-based applications.
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy : new genetic considerations

• Objective. —Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited disease that causes bilateral central visual loss, predominantly in young men. Recently, this disorder has been associated with point mutations in the mitochondrial genome. The clinical characteristics of LHON are reviewed with special attention to recent advances in mitochondrial genetics. Data Sources. —Literature from the mid-19th century to the present is reviewed. Study Selection. —Major review articles that include multiple large pedigrees in their analysis are featured. Special emphasis is placed on the recent reports on mitochondrial DNA abnormalities associated with this disease. Data Extraction. —The older literature is reviewed critically with an understanding that some of the patients included as examples of LHON may have had a different disease. The more current references are assessed in regard to their inclusion of appropriate and complete mitochondrial DNA analysis. Data Synthesis. —Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, a maternally inherited disease primarily of young men, results in bilateral, acute or subacute, central visual loss and, ultimately, optic atrophy. Point mutations in the mitochondrial genes encoding proteins essential to oxidative phosphorylation have been associated with this disorder. Primary mutations include those found at positions 11778, 3460, and, possibly, 15257 and 14484. Mitochondrial, nuclear, and environmental factors may modify phenotypic expression. Conclusion. —Genetic analysis has allowed for a broader view of what constitutes the clinical phenotype of LHON.
Mid‐Career Crisis in Japanese Business Organisations

Many Japanese companies still retain seniority‐oriented promotion as the basis of their personnel management. One of its most significant characteristics is that rank and age co‐vary — the older the employee, the higher he is expected to be promoted in the company. Up to the age of 35 the Genten principle applies, involving slow but steady promotion, where junior managers are allowed to make mistakes as a necessary part of training. After the age of 35, the Tokuten principle applies. The manager enters a system where only merit and abilities allow further promotion. In order to be successful a Japanese manager is typically forced to alter his behaviour from that of a conformist to a self‐actualiser as his position goes up the promotional ladder. In the American business organisation, the single, over‐riding principle for promotion is the Tokuten principle — the US businessman has only to prove his merit to be promoted. Many American companies as well as the US‐Japanese joint ventures operating in the US claim that they are to adopt the life‐long employment and seniority‐oriented promotion system in their companies. However, the general trend in the Japanese business community is clearly moving towards the merit‐oriented system with increasingly less emphasis on life‐long employment. Typical Japanese career development and current changes in the promotion system are discussed.
Returns in process industries: a managerial perspective

Purpose – The key objective of the paper is to present the results of a survey that captured a wide‐ranging view of reuse practices in process industries with the intent of determining current practice and the key managerial issues for reuse in process industries. The paper discusses the sources of products and material for which re‐use decisions must be made in process industry environments. It offers managerial insights for companies that seek opportunities to reduce their operating costs by reusing products, cleaning agents, and ingredients that can become available through a reverse supply chain analysis.Design/methodology/approach – The authors used an exploratory survey methodology with manufacturing plants randomly drawn from a professional organization where the members stated in their profiles that they were employed at a facility that was primarily involved with process manufacturing. Both internal and external returns were analyzed using descriptive statistics techniques.Findings – The results ...
Executing irregular scientific applications on stream architectures

The recent emergence of compute-intensive stream processors such as the Cell Broadband Engine, Stanford's Merrimac, and Clear-Speed's CSX600 has made them attractive platforms for scientific high-performance computing. Unstructured mesh and graph applications are an important class of numerical algorithms used in the scientific computing domain, which are particularly challenging for stream architectures. These codes have irregular structures where nodes have a variable number of neighbors, resulting in irregular memory access patterns and irregular control. We study four representative sub-classes of irregular algorithms, including finite-element and finite-volume methods for modeling physical systems, direct methods for n-body problems, and computations involving sparse algebra. We propose a framework for representing the diverse characteristics of these algorithms in the context of the unique properties of stream architectures, and demonstrate it using one representative application from each sub-class. We then develop techniques for mapping the applications onto a stream processor, placing emphasis on data-localization and parallelizations. Our simulations show that efficient stream hardware with restricted control abilities can effectively run challenging irregular applications with, for example, a finite element method and a molecular dynamic code sustaining 69GFLOP/s and 46GFLOP/s (64-bit) respectively using a single chip that measures 12mm on a side and consumes less than 70W in 90nm technology.
Oral sensation and perception in dysarthric adults.

and perception; and second, to determine whether sensory deficit in the dysarthric Ss, if present, was significantly related to severity of dysarthria and speech intelligibility. Results indicate the dysarthric Ss displayed significant oral sensory and perceptual deficit on all three measures; however, correlations among oral sensory and perceptual Jeficir, severiry of dysarthria, and speech intelligibility wcre not significant. Communication disorders are commonly divided into disorders of input, integration, and output. Within this triad, an attempt is made to determine where in the nervous system communication breaks down. The dysarthrias, for example, are a group of speech disorders resulting from disturbances in muscular control of the speech mechanism due to damage to the central and/or peripheral nervous system and are believed to be the result of disruption at the lowest level of output. Dysarthria is assumed to be quite different from the speech of persons who have undergone experimentally induced oral sensory deprivation (Ringel & Steer, 1963) and who may be said to have a deficit at the lowest level of input. In fact, the majority of models representing communication disorders do not predict that oral sensory deficits might be observed in dysarchric adults. Neuroanatomy, however, would indicate a high probability of sensory deficit in dysarthria. Sensory and motor pathways are in close proximity and may overlap, even at cortical levels. Rutherford and McCall (1967) and Baker (1967) have documented sensory-perceptual deficits in dysarrhric cerebral palsied Ss, but there is no evidence of oral sensory-perceptual deficics in a heterogeneous group of dysarthric adults. The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to determine whether a heterogeneous group of dysarthric iadulcs nfould demonstrate significant oral sensoryperceptual deficit on tests of oral form identification, two-point discrimination, and mandibular kinesthesia when compared with performance of normal speakers, and, second, ro determine whether relationships exist among oral sensory-perceptual ability, intelligibility, and judged severity of dysarthria.
Reversible lipidization of somatostatin analogues for the liver targeting

Abstract Tyr 3 -octreotide (TOC), a somatostatin analogue, is reversibly lipidized for passive delivery to the liver with the aim of increasing its association with hepatocytes. The reversibly lipidized TOC (REAL-TOC) was formed by the conjugation of the N -palmitoyl cysteinyl moiety to the cysteinyl residues of reduced TOC through disulfide linkages and characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-time of flight (TOF) analysis. The measured mass of REAL-TOC (M+H) + is 1752.31 Da (calculated mass: 1752.78), confirming that two molecules of N -palmitoyl cysteines are linked to TOC via disulfide bonds. TOC and REAL-TOC were radioiodinated and administered to mice. Their biodistribution and intrahepatic distribution were subsequently investigated. The area under the curve (AUC) of 125 I-REAL-TOC in the liver was 3.8-fold greater than that of 125 I-TOC, with 20.5% and 5.8% of the injected dose (ID)/g of 125 I-REAL-TOC remaining in the liver at 2 and 24 h post injection, respectively. Within the liver, TOC was primarily distributed to parenchymal cells (PC). Nevertheless, TOC was quickly excreted out and only 2.4% ID per 100 mg protein remained in the PC at 2 h post injection. 125 I-REAL-TOC was retained in PC for up to 2 h with a constant concentration of around 6% ID/100 mg protein. 125 I-REAL-TOC was also highly associated with nonparenchymal cells (NPC) at significantly higher levels than 125 I-TOC at 10 min, 1 h and 2 h post injection. Since somatostatin analogues have been evaluated for treating late-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the reversibly lipidized conjugates may possess enhanced therapeutic efficacy due to the liver-targeting effect.
Dissipation Independence of the Inertial-Convective Range in a Passive Scalar Model

We establish by exact, nonperturbative methods a universality for the correlation functions in Kraichnan's ``rapid-change'' model of a passively advected scalar field. We show that the solutions for separated points in the convective range of scales are unique and independent of the particular mechanism of the scalar dissipation. Any nonuniversal dependences therefore must arise from the large length-scale features. The main step in the proof is to show that solutions of the model equations are unique when square integrable, even in the idealized case of zero diffusivity.
Effect of exogenous adrenic acid on the proliferation and lipid metabolism of cells in tissue culture.

Cholesteryl esters isolated from the fatty streak lesion of the aorta contain relatively large amounts of 8,11,14-eicosatrienoate, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoate (arachidonic acid) and 7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoate (adrenic acid). 2's This relatively inert lipid pool may have a central role in controlling the availability of polyunsaturated fatty acids for cell function. 2~,12 Recent studies in our laboratory have shown that 8,11,14-20:3 and 5,8,11,14-20:4 both inhibit the proliferation of aorta smooth muscle cells, a'1°-~2 Proliferation of smooth muscle cells has been shown to be an important part in experimental atherosclerosis L6's'lsag'2° and the accumulation of these fatty acids in the cholesteryl ester pool may contribute to this process, a'12 In this this investigation, we present evidence that adrenic acid also inhibits cell proliferation. We also examine the hypothesis that cells have a microsomal fatty acyl CoA-cholesteryl ester shunt which leads to the accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in triglycerides and cholesterol esters.
Stimulation of intestinal secretion of apolipoprotein AI by triiodothyronine.

Summary Rats were made hyperthyroid with triiodothyronine in an osmotic minipump implanted intraperitoneally for one week. Intestinal lymph was collected from euthyroid and hyperthyroid rats for 40–55 hours. The rate of apolipoprotein AI (apo AI) secreted into the lymph by hyperthyroid rats exceeded that of euthyroid rats (149±9 vs 95±2 μ g/hr), and was not associated with a proportional increase in the output of triglyceride. The fall in plasma concentration of apoAI in the euthyroid (10 mg/dl) and hyperthyroid (23 mg/dl) could be accounted for by the loss due to diversion of lymph. It appears that the intestine may contribute significantly to the increased plasma levels of apoAI observed in the hyperthyroid rats.
The handling characteristics of a transit bus

Good vehicle handling characteristics are essential to ensure traffic safety. While the handling behaviour of cars has been well investigated, there is a scarcity of such studies on transit buses. This paper analyses the steady-state and transient responses of a typical 12-metre transit bus. Tests were conducted at The Pennsylvania Transportation Institute (PTI) test track and included constant radius cornering, step steer and continuous sinusoidal steer. The test bus was found to show good transient performance and consistent understeer behaviour within the test range. The necessity for dedicated performance evaluation criteria for transit buses is put forth in the paper.
Surface wave scattering by a step

The Wiener-Hopf technique is used to study the scattering of a surface wave which is incident upon the junction of two semi-infinite planes joined together by a step of height a . Both the planes as well as the step have a normalized surface reactance X , which supports the surface wave. The expression for the scattered field contains a series of unknown constants which require numerical solution. Graphs of the transmission and reflection coefficients for normalized reactances of 0.1 and 0.5 are presented for a step height of less than haft a wavelength.
Asymptomatic jaundice after fasting: A diagnostic dilemma

An 18-year-old female with asymptomatic jaundice presented to the emergency department after fasting. She was referred to the regional medical center for evaluation and treatment. The diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome was made by fractionation of serum unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin fraction by alkaline methanolysis, followed by thin-layer chromatography and analysis of fasting-state levels of cholyl conjugated bile acids. Methods for diagnosing this disorder are discussed.
A study of group-V element desorption from InAs, InP, GaAs and GaP by reflection high-energy electron diffraction

Abstract Desorption behavior of arsenic on InAs and GaAs, and phosphorus on InP and GaP surfaces has been studied by the specular-beam intensity change of reflection high-energy electron diffraction when the group-V-cracker shutter is closed during growth interruption (group-III shutter closed) in gas-source molecular-beam epitaxy. We obtained an activation energy of 55 kcal/mol for arsenic desorption from InAs at high temperatures, and 38 kcal/mol at low temperatures. This differences is explained. Compared with arsenic on InAs, phosphorus on InP has a very large desorption rate constant at high temperatures and only one activation energy of 50 kcal/mol. For GaAs and GaP, the desorption activation energy for arsenic on GaAs is 58 kcal/mol, phosphorus on GaP 43 kcal/mol.
Ionospheric Wind Dynamo Theory: A Review

The current state of ionospheric wind dynamo theory is reviewed. Observational and theoretical advances in recent years have permitted more accurate models of the dynamo mechanism to be presented than previously, which have lent further credence to the validity of dynamo theory as the main explanation for quiet-day ionospheric electric fields and currents at middle and low latitudes. The diurnal component of the wind in the upper E region and lower F region appears to be primarily responsible for average quiet-day currents, although other wind components give significant contributions. Observationally, there is a need for better spatial and temporal coverage of wind and electric field data. Theoretically, there is a need for further consideration of the mutual dynamic coupling among winds, conductivities, electric fields, and electric currents, and for better modeling of nighttime conditions.
Optic nerve ultrasound for the detection of raised intracranial pressure.

Background Optic nerve ultrasonography (ONUS) may help identify raised intracranial pressure (ICP). The optimal optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) cut-off for the identification of intracranial hypertension has not been established, with some clinical studies suggesting a higher cut-off than may be expected on the basis of prior laboratory investigation.
Unitarity constraints on grand unified models.

We present a simplified method for the calculation of low-energy unitarity constraints on grand unified broken-supersymmetric models based on the Goldstone-boson equivalence theorem for high-energy scattering in gauge theories, the fermion-boson equivalence theorem for supersymmetric theories, and the evolution of couplings under the renormalization group. We apply the method to the "flipped" SU(5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1) superstring model, obtain high-energy unitarity constraints at the grand unified scale ${M}_{G}=4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{16}$ GeV, and then use the renormalization-group equations to evolve the constraints to the low-energy mass scale ${M}_{W}$. We investigate the peculiarities of the renormalization-group flow and the existence of critical surfaces at which the scalar superpotential couplings diverge at ${M}_{G}$. We find upper bounds on the superpotential couplings at low energies and use these to establish absolute upper bounds on the top-quark mass, ${m}_{t}\ensuremath{\lesssim}200$ GeV, and on the lightest neutral-Higgs-boson mass, ${M}_{{H}_{1}^{0}}\ensuremath{\lesssim}155$ GeV in the SU(5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1) model. We also obtain an upper bound on ${M}_{{H}_{1}^{0}}$ as a function of ${m}_{t}$ which shows that ${M}_{{H}_{1}^{0}}\ensuremath{\lesssim}125$ GeV for favored values of the ratios of Higgs vacuum expectation values.
The significance of carotid bruits in children: Transmitted murmur or vascular origin, studied by pulsed Doppler ultrasound

Forty-four youngsters with precordial murmurs and carotid bruits were evaluated clinically and independently, using pulsed Doppler ultrasound. The precordial murmur was evaluated with M-mode echocardiography combined with Doppler flow evaluation, and the carotid bruit was evaluated with peripheral vascular sector scan with Doppler flow evaluation. These ultrasonic techniques can identify abnormal blood flow at anatomic sites such as the aortic valve and in the carotid arteries. The patients had no symptoms and their condition, except for six, was mild enough that catheterization was not indicated. The clinical diagnosis of aortic stenosis was made in 30 children, and nine were thought to have no heart disease. On the basis of the ultrasonic examinations, 28 patients were diagnosed as having aortic stenosis and seven subjects had no intracardiac turbulence. However, there was disagreement in 14 instances; four of the six clinical "normals" were found to have aortic stenosis by pulsed Doppler echocardiography; six patients diagnosed as having mild aortic stenosis on a clinical basis were found to have no aortic abnormality. The results confirm that aortic stenosis usually presents as a murmur maximal in the aortic area, which is associated with a carotid bruit. Unfortunately, in at least one-fourth of the cases the murmur was not maximal at the aortic area, and a carotid bruit was found in several normal subjects. Since the consequences of over- or under-diagnosis of aortic stenosis are substantial, careful thought should be given to the differential diagnosis, and if possible, pulsed Doppler echocardiography should be utilized for a definitive statement of aortic valve-induced turbulence.
No association between cyclooxygenase-2 and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 genetic polymorphisms and colon cancer risk.

No association between cyclooxygenase-2 and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 genetic polymorphisms and colon cancer risk
TU‐C‐214‐01: Image‐Guidance for Pleural Photodynamic Therapy Treatment Planning

Purpose: To develop an image‐guided pleural photodynamic therapy(PDT)treatment planning system for the purpose of achieving uniform distribution of light fluence, accurate light dosimetry, and better treatment efficacy. Methods: A prototype of image‐guided pleural PDT system has been developed. In this system, an infrared camera and corresponding tracking tools are used to locate the irradiationsource positions during treatment. With pre‐determined pleural cavity contour, light fluence distribution is calculated and displayed for the surgeon in real time. Preliminary results have been obtained using this prototype system in phantom and patients. This system has been tested with both 630 nm and 661 nm laser irradiation and HPPH photosensitizer. Results: Cavity contour was successfully delineated using a contour wand and contouring software. The result cavity contour was compared with the CT contour of the phantom, and the RMS errors are less than 2 mm. A treatment simulation by this system was performed on the phantom. Accumulative light fluence was calculated in an unwrapped map to display the light fluence for each point of the cavity surface. The agreement between calculations and detector measurements is about 99% for a 90% confidence. This system has also been used to record PDT treatment data for three patients. The calculated light fluence has lower values than measurements (55.1% of the measurements), due to the lack of light absorption and scattering in the current model. From the patient results, PDT treatment light fluence was not evenly distributed on patients' pleural cavities and may include maximum deviation of about 20 J/cm2, according to the current protocol. Conclusions: This work indicates that current detector‐guided pleural PDT treatment may induce non‐uniformity in light fluence distribution. From the preliminary results, the image‐guided pleural PDTtreatment planning system showed the potential for better PDT treatment guidance efficacy. This work is supported by grant from National Institute of Health (NIH) P01 CA87971.
On-board four-dimensional digital tomosynthesis: First experimental results

The purpose of this study is to propose four-dimensional digital tomosynthesis (4D-DTS) for on-board analysis of motion information in three dimensions. Images of a dynamic motion phantom were reconstructed using acquisition scan angles ranging from 20 degrees (DTS) to full 360 degrees cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Projection images were acquired using an on-board imager mounted on a clinical linear accelerator. Three-dimensional (3D) images of the moving target were reconstructed for various scan angles. 3D respiratory correlated phase images were also reconstructed. For phase-based image reconstructions, the trajectory of a radiopaque marker was tracked in projection space and used to retrospectively assign respiratory phases to projections. The projections were then sorted according phase and used to reconstruct motion correlated images. By using two sets of projections centered about anterior-posterior and lateral axes, this study demonstrates how phase resolved coronal and sagittal DTS images can be used to obtain 3D motion information. Motion artifacts in 4D-DTS phase images are compared with those present in four-dimensional CT (4DCT) images. Due to the nature of data acquisition for the two modalities, superior-inferior motion artifacts are suppressed to a greater extent in 4D-DTS images compared with 4DCT. Theoretical derivations and experimental results are presented to demonstrate how optimal selection of image acquisition parameters including the frequency of projection acquisition and the phase window depend on the respiratory period. Two methods for acquiring projections are discussed. Preliminary results indicate that 4D-DTS can be used to acquire valuable kinetic information of internal anatomy just prior to radiation treatment.
Adrenal Cortical Hormone (Cortin) in Blood and Urine of Patients with Cushing's Disease.

ConclusionPatients with Cushing's disease have in their blood an excess amount of a substance which resembles adrenal cortical hormone in its ability to prolong the life of the adrenalectomized rat. Furthermore, this substance is excreted in significant amounts by the kidneys.
Determination of carnitine, butyrobetaine, and betaine as 4′-bromophencyl ester derivatives by high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract A method for determination of carnitine, 4-(N,N,N-trimethylammonio)butanoate (butyrobetaine), and 2-(N,N,N-trimethylammonio)acetate (betaine) is described. These ω-trimethylammonio carboxylates and the chemically analogous internal standards 4-(N,N-dimethyl-N-propylammonio)-3-hydroxybutanoate or 5-(N,N,N-trimethylammonio)hexanoate were derivatized by reaction wiht 4′-bromophenacyl triflate in the presence of N,N-diisopropylethylamine. The trialkylammonio carboxylate 4′-bromophenacyl ester derivatives were separated from other sample constituents by reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric detection at 254 nm. Standard curves were linear over a sample concentration range of 10–100 nmol/ml. Quantities of 2.5 nmol of ω-trialkylammonio acid derivatives injected into the chromatography were detected with signal-to-noise ratios greater than 50.
The balance of power in RNA trafficking

In the past two years, several different RNA trafficking pathways have been characterized in oligodendrocytes; similar trafficking pathways have been discovered in neuronal and retroviral systems; co-assembly of multiple different RNAs into the same granules has been analyzed as a mechanism for coordinating gene expression; and a new hypothesis for RNA trafficking, based on the balance of power between kinesin and dynein in individual RNA granules, has been proposed.
Sex-related differences in the pharmacokinetics of oral ciprofloxacin.

The oral pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin were studied in healthy volunteers to assess the influence of sex on its disposition. Subjects (8 males, 7 females) received a single oral dose of ciprofloxacin 750 mg, blood andurine samples were collected, and ciprofloxacin concentrations were determined. A two-compartment open-model with two or three absorption phases, each one having a fitted independent lag time, best fit the data using a weighted least squares estimator. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine the influence of renal function, weight, and subject sex on the oral clearance (CL s /F) and apparent steady-state volume of distribution (V s s /F) of ciprofloxacin. Females had a median C m a x of ciprofloxacin that was 30% greater than males and a significantly, smaller median (range) V s s /F: 81.1 (44.8-111.6) versus 170.9 (140.9-213.4), respectively (p < 0.01). In addition, females had increased exposure to ciprofloxacin, with a slower median (range) CL s /F of 28.3 L/h (24.5-33.4) compared to 44.4 L/h (41.4-53.7) for males (p < 0.01). Regression analyses revealed that subject sex was the only significant predictor of CL s /F (p < 0.001). but both body weight (p = 0.04) and subject sex (p < 0.005) were significant predictors of V s s /F. Fixed oral doses of ciprofloxacin will lead to higher maximum concentration and total drug exposure in females compared to males and do not appear to be solely related to weight-based differences.
Trends in Design for Testability

This paper will present the currently used techniques in the area of Design for Testability. It will begin with the Ad Hoc approaches of In-Circuit techniques, Functional Testing and Signature Analysis. Then the Structured Approaches of Scan Design will be discussed. Finally the techniques of Self-Testing will be discussed such as BILBO, and Exhaustive Testing. With each of these areas, the trends in usage will be indicated.
Role of the adenylate energy charge in the response of Chinese hamster ovary cells to radiation

Abstract Steady-state modification of the adenylate energy charge (EC; ATP + 12ADP/ATP + ADP + AMP) in aerobic Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was achieved with a combination of rotenone and 2-deoxy glucose (2dG). Neither agent significantly affected the EC by itself. All incubations were in Eagle's minimum essential medium containing 15% fetal bovine serum. The radiation response of these cells was not significantly affected by this treatment when cells were irradiated either one or three hours after addition of the drugs, and held in the presence of the inhibitors for one hour after irradiation. The ability of cells to repair radiation-induced single-strand breaks was studied by the alkaline elution method. Energy depleted cells repaired single-strand breaks at a slightly slower rate than the controls. However, thymidine incorporation was also inhibited, suggesting that repair may still have preceded events leading to the fixation of that damage (e.g., DNA replication).
Conductivity of a single DNA duplex bridging a carbon nanotube gap

We describe a general method to integrate DNA strands between single-walled carbon nanotube electrodes and to measure their electrical properties. We modified DNA sequences with amines on either the 5' terminus or both the 3' and 5' termini and coupled these to the single-walled carbon nanotube electrodes through amide linkages, enabling the electrical properties of complementary and mismatched strands to be measured. Well-matched duplex DNA in the gap between the electrodes exhibits a resistance on the order of 1 M(Omega). A single GT or CA mismatch in a DNA 15-mer increases the resistance of the duplex approximately 300-fold relative to a well-matched one. Certain DNA sequences oriented within this gap are substrates for Alu I, a blunt end restriction enzyme. This enzyme cuts the DNA and eliminates the conductive path, supporting the supposition that the DNA is in its native conformation when bridging the ends of the single-walled carbon nanotubes.
Behaviors of Naïve vs. Pheromone-Exposed Leafroller Moths in Plumes from High-Dosage Pheromone Dispensers in a Sustained-Flight Wind Tunnel: Implications for Mating Disruption of These Species

Brief exposures of male Choristoneura rosaceana and Argyrotaenia velutinana to the plumes generated by lures releasing 3-component pheromone blends specifically tuned for each species or by commercially distributed Isomate OBLR/PLR Plus pheromone “rope” dispensers induced markedly different subsequent behavioral responses to pheromone. A greater proportion of C. rosaceana males took flight and successfully oriented toward lures 24 h after preexposure to a lure, a rope, or the lure–rope combination in a sustained-flight wind tunnel compared to naive moths. Flights were also longer for preexposed than naive moths. Preexposed male C. rosaceana were not more likely to fly toward ropes 24 h after preexposure. By contrast, fewer male A. velutinana oriented to lures 24 h after preexposure than did naive moths. Those preexposed A. velutinana successfully locking onto plumes from lures flew for significantly shorter intervals than did unexposed moths. Electroantennograms revealed no changes at the periphery 15 min and 24 h after preexposure. For A. velutinana, the long-lasting effect was decreased attraction to a lure and increased attraction to a rope. For C. rosaceana, pheromone preexposure increased responsiveness to its authentic blend. This behavioral evidence is sufficient to explain why sexual communication of C. rosaceana is more difficult to disrupt than that of A. velutinana. Furthermore, it suggests a more complete blend of pheromone may be necessary to disrupt the former species but not the latter when using rope dispensers.
Ultrasound echo decorrelation due to acoustic radiation force

Several groups have proposed the use of acoustic radiation force as a means to characterize the mechanical properties of biological tissues. These approaches are based on the estimation of time delays between successively acquired echo lines when an internal deformation is applied. The ensemble of these delays forms a time-displacement curve that holds information about the viscoelastic response of the tissue under interrogation. The performance of such techniques is strongly dependent on the accuracy of the time delay estimates. Although noise places significant limits on the estimation process, echo decorrelation will also contribute to reduce the quality of the delay estimates. This decorrelation is similar to that observed in conventional axial elastography, even though the deformation field that results from acoustic radiation force is more complex than the one produced by axial elastography. In this paper we use analytical and computational methods to predict the decorrelation generated in acoustic radiation force imaging. We substitute derived correlation coefficients into the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) to predict fundamental limits on the performance of radiation force based elasticity estimation.
Physical modeling of temperature dependences of SOI CMOS devices and circuits including self-heating

To simulate and examine temperature and self-heating effects in Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) devices and circuits, a physical temperature-dependence model is implemented into the SOISPICE fully depleted (FD) and nonfully depleted (NFD) SOI MOSFET models. Due to the physical nature of the device models, the temperature-dependence modeling, which enables a device self-heating option as well, is straightforward and requires no new parameters. The modeling is verified by DC and transient measurements of scaled test devices, and in the process physical insight on floating-body effects in temperature is attained. The utility of the modeling is exemplified with a study of the temperature and self-heating effects in an SOI CMOS NAND ring oscillator. SOISPICE transient simulations of the circuit, with floating and tied bodies, reveal how speed and power depend on ambient temperature, and they predict no significant dynamic self-heating, irrespective of the ambient temperature.