cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resonance in the Dissociative Field: Examining the Therapist’s Internal Experience When a Patient Dissociates in Session

This study employed a qualitative research design utilizing intensive interviews and written case accounts to examine the therapist’s internal experience when a patient with an early-life trauma history dissociates in session. Findings support emerging theory and research from the intersecting fields of relational psychoanalysis and interpersonal neurobiology that frame the internal experience of the therapist as a pathway for empathy and understanding. The findings suggest that the therapist’s willingness to enter into a patient’s dissociation in session and observe one’s own internal experience during the dissociation can promote states of resonance, attunement, and implicit knowing in the therapy dyad.
Pyruvate cycling and implications for regulation of gluconeogenesis in the insect, Manduca sexta L.

Pyruvate cycling was examined in the insect Manduca sexta L. (2-(13)C)pyruvate was injected into 5th instar larvae maintained on a semisynthetic high sucrose, low sucrose, or sucrose-free diet. Pyruvate cycling and gluconeogenesis were determined from the distribution of (13)C in blood metabolites, including trehalose, the blood sugar of insects, and alanine. Pyruvate cycling was evident from the (13)C enrichment of alanine C3, synthesized by transamination of pyruvate following carboxylation to oxaloacetate and cycling through phosphoenolpyruvate. Based on the relative (13)C enrichments of alanine C2 and C3, insects maintained on the high sucrose diet displayed higher levels of cycling than insects on the other diets. Insects on all the diets, when subsequently starved, displayed low levels of cycling. Gluconeogenesis was evident in insects on sucrose-free or low sucrose diets from the selective (13)C enrichment in trehalose. The level of gluconeogenesis relative to glycolysis was indicated by the (13)C enrichment of trehalose C6 and alanine C3, both enrichments metabolically derived in the same manner. Insects starved after maintenance on the sucrose-free or low sucrose diets remained glucogenic. Insects on the high sucrose diet were not glucogenic, and subsequent starvation did not induce gluconeogenesis. The results indicate that pyruvate kinase plays a critical role in regulating the gluconeogenic/glycolytic balance, and that inhibition of pyruvate kinase is a principal regulatory event during induction of de novo trehalose synthesis. Gluconeogenesis failed to maintain homeostatic levels of blood trehalose, supporting the conclusion that blood sugar level may be important for mediating nutrient intake. Possible factors involved in the regulation of gluconeogenesis in insects are discussed.
HIV and the law: integrating law, policy, and social epidemiology.

In the foundational piece in this issue of the journal, “Integrating Law and Social Epidemiology,” Burris, Kawachi, and Sarat present a model for understanding the relationship between law and health. This article uses the case of a specific health condition, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, as an opportunity to flesh out this schema and to test how the model “fits” the world of the HIV pandemic. In applying the model to this communicable disease, we hope to illustrate the multitude of ways that laws affect the course of the pandemic as well as the course of an individual’s vulnerability or resilience to the disease, and how the complexities of an individual’s life dealing with the virus interface with the world of laws and legal institutions.
Regional Ventilation in the Differential Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism

In the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism by lung scanning, clinical errors of interpretation may arise. Diseases that affect the distribution of pulmonary blood flow, such as pulmonary emphysema and bronchial asthma, may be confused with pulmonary embolism. With the addition of ventilation studies with 133 xenon to the perfusion scans, distinct differences appear between patients with emboli and those with obstructive lung disease. In patients with pulmonary emboli, ventilation is preserved in the areas of decreased perfusion, whereas patients with obstructive lung disease show both decreased ventilation and perfusion in the affected areas.
MEN, WOMEN AND THE ENVIRONMENT: AN EXAMINATION OF GENDER GAP IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN AND ACTIVISM

Abstract Relatively little information yet exists regarding gender differences in environmental concern and activism. What information is available has so far provided a mixed picture, with some studies indicating men to be more concerned than women, others indicating women to be more concerned, and still others finding no significant differences. This study provides additional evidence from national survey data. From these data, women were found to express greater concern for the environment than men before and after applying multivariate controls for age, education, labor force/homemaker status, and other variables. However, the magnitude of the differences was not great. Gender differences in environmental activism provided an ironic contrast. Even though women indicated somewhat greater concern, rates of environmental activism for women were substantially lower than for men. Furthermore, these differences were greater than differences in rates of general political participation and persisted in spite ...
Enhanced sputtering of graphite at high temperature

Abstract The enhanced sputtering of graphite at temperatures above 1000 K has been investigated for a variety of incident ion species and energies. Papyex graphite strips were irradiated with 35 to 150 keV H, C, O, and Ar ions in the temperature range from 300 to 1800 K, and with 0.13 to 8 keV H ions at 1800 K. Sputtering yields were determined by weight change measurements, and were compared in many cases with yields determined by in-situ ion beam analysis of collector probes. For temperatures above 1000 K, enhanced sputtering yields are found which increase with temperature to 6 to 20 times room temperature values at 1800 K. At a given temperature, measured yields for all species and energy combinations scale with the nuclear deposited energy at the surface and do not correlate with electronic losses. The low energy H measurements indicate a transferred energy threshold of ∼ 5 eV for the enhanced erosion process, significantly lower than the displacement threshold energy in graphite of 30 eV. The enhanced erosion is characterized by an activation energy which varies from 0.5 to 1.1 eV with decreasing incident particle mass. The overall results, together with recently reported velocity and mass spectra of the sputtered particles, suggest a radiation-enhanced sublimation mechanism.
Large cardiac fibroma and teratoma in children- case reports

Primary cardiac tumours in paediatric population are an unusual occurrence. Although, majority of such tumours are benign (90%), the frequency and type of cardiac tumours in this age group is different from the adult population. There are several consecutive series published in the last decade on cardiac neoplasms. Therefore, this is not only an effort to contribute to the existing literature for better understanding and management of similar patients but also to highlight the importance of early detection either by prenatal imaging or careful evaluation of differential diagnosis of common symptoms. We herein, describe two infants with large cardiac tumours (fibroma and teratoma) both arising from the interventricular septum and underwent surgical excision. A possible role of cardiac remodeling in myocardial tissue healing after extensive tissue resection in such patients is hypothesised through available experimental or limited clinical information.
Scientific drilling reveals geochemical heterogeneity within the Ko’olau shield, Hawai’i

The Ko’olau Scientific Drilling Project (KSDP) was initiated to determine if the distinctive geochemistry of Ko’olau lavas is a near-surface feature. This project successfully deepened a recent, ~351 m deep, tri-cone rotary-drilled water well by coring another ~328 m. Three Ar–Ar plateau ages of 2.8 to 2.9 Ma from the drill core section of 103 flows confirm stratigraphic interpretations that core drilling recovered the deepest and oldest subaerially erupted lavas yet sampled from this volcano. The petrography and geochemistry of the core, and cuttings from this and another new Ko’olau water well (~433 m deep) were determined. These analyses revealed that the geochemically distinct lavas of Ko’olau form a veneer only 175–250 m thick at the drill sites, covering flows with more typical Hawaiian tholeiite compositions. The compositional change occurred near the end of shield volcanism and is not abrupt. Thus, it is probably not related to a catastrophic event such as the collapse of the northeast flank of this volcano. The distinct geochemistry of surface Ko’olau lavas cannot be explained by melting pyroxenitic or combined pyroxenitic and peridotitic sources. Additional recycled oceanic crustal components, such as plagioclase-rich cumulates and sediment, were probably involved. As the Ko’olau volcano drifted off the Hawaiian hotspot and the overall degree of melting decreased, the proportion of melts from recycled oceanic crustal material increased relative to those from mantle peridotite.
Surfactant driven surface anchoring transitions in liquid crystal thin films

The surface anchoring transitions of nematogens confined in thin films in the presence of surfactants at the surfaces are studied theoretically. The theoretical approach is derived from a free energy functional that includes a local Onsager type interaction as well as a microscopic description of the conformations of the surfactant molecules. The theory predicts that the effective interactions between the surfactants and the nematogens are a non-monotonic function of the surfactant area per molecule. As a result surface anchoring transitions occur from planar to homeotropic and back to planar as the surface coverage of the surfactant is increased. The location of the transitions depends on the ability of the nematogens to penetrate into the surfactant layer. The findings presented here provide a molecular picture of the role that packing plays in the interactions between flexible and rigid anisotropic molecules and how they can be used to control the phases of nematogenic thin films in devices. Furthermore, we calculate the potential of mean force on a nematogen molecule due to the presence of surfactants, confinement, and the other nematogen molecules present. The potential of mean force gives us valuable insight into the interplay of competing intermolecular forces at the surfactant-nematogen interface. The effective interactions between the surface and the nematogens can be used as one of the building blocks of field mesoscopic theories, enabling the systematic introduction of molecular information into continuous coarse-grained approaches.
Observations on respiratory pigments in slices of avian salt gland and rat liver. I. Effects of inhibitors and uncouplers.

Summary 1. Spectrophotometry and fluorometric techniques have been applied to a study of respiratory pigments in slices of avian salt gland and rat liver. The effects of inhibitors were examined in slices utilising only endogenous substrate. 2. Anaerobiosis and terminal respiratory inhibitors caused a reduction of all the pigments examined. Titration of pigment reduction against O 2 concentration showed that, in salt-gland slices, reduction first started when the p O 2 of the incubation medium was about 0.7 atm. 3. Amytal induced a reduction of pyridine nucleotides, but to a smaller extent than did anaerobiosis; this reduction was inhibited by dicoumarol in rat-liver slices, but not in rat kidney-cortex slices. Amytal caused little change in the level of reduction of cytochromes, apparently due to the presence of endogenous succinate. 4. Malonate induced oxidation of pyridine nucleotides as well as of cytochromes. 5. Dicoumarol revealed a “crossover point” between cytochromes b and ( c plus c 1 ) in salt-gland slices. It caused a small reduction of pyridine nucleotides, apparently due to the stimulation of glycolysis. 6. Iodoacetate induced a biphasic response of the pyridine nucleotides, an initial, transient reduction being followed by a net oxidation. 7. While most of the results are readily explicable in terms of the known effects of the various agents on sub-cellular systems, some cannot be so explained and are apparently due to conditions peculiar to the slices.
Association of perioperative transfusions with poor outcome in resection of gastric adenocarcinoma.

Abstract The clinical records of patients identified by a prospective database as having undergone curative gastric resections for adenocarcinoma not involving the gastroesophageal junction were reviewed in order to examine transfusional practices and to determine if perioperative transfusion had an adverse effect on outcome. Between January 1985 and January 1992, 232 patients received such curative resections. The median follow-up for these patients was 19.0 months, whereas median survival for nonsurvivors was 12.3 months. Fifty-eight percent of the patients received transfusion of blood products. Fifty-four percent of these transfusions amounted to less than 2 units of blood products. By χ 2 analysis, advanced stage of disease (p = .03), advanced T-stage of primary tumor (p = .004), and total gastrectomy (p = .04) were associated with greater likelihood of transfusion. By univariate analysis, male sex (p = .004), total gastrectomy (p = .01), advanced stage of disease (p = .000006), high histologic grade of tumor (p = .03), and blood transfusion (p = .006) were predictors of poor outcome. By multivariate analysis using the proportional hazards model with stage, tumor grade, gender, extent of resection, and transfusion as covariates, blood transfusion was an independent predictor of poor outcome (p = .029, hazard 1.74). These results encourage prospective studies of transfusion on cancer recurrence and studies of alternatives to allogeneic blood transfusions in restoration of oxygen-carrying capacity during surgery in patients with gastric cancer.
Middle Palaeolithic Scraper Morphology, Flaking Mechanics and Imposed Form: Revisitng Bisson's ‘Interview with a Neanderthal’

Bisson (2001) proposes that imposition of form in Middle Palaeolithic scrapers can be recognized when the rules for scraper manufacture, which are based upon functional considerations, are known. He derives these ‘scraper production rules’ on the basis of experiments with novice flintknappers, and finds that they apply to Neanderthal-manufactured Mousterian scrapers. He interprets the violation of these rules in scrapers from Skhul Cave as evidence that anatomically modern humans imposed form on their stone tools, and therefore had mental templates. This study provides evidence that the ‘scraper production rules’ are not, in fact, the rules according to which Neanderthals made their tools. Instead, they reflect flaking mechanics and elements of Bisson's experimental design rather than any functional considerations taken into account during scraper manufacture. Furthermore, methodological flaws in Bisson's analysis of Middle Palaeolithic artefacts undermine his arguments that archaeological scrapers either follow or violate the rules. These problems render untenable his conclusion that Neanderthals did not have mental templates and that they lacked flexibility and innovation in stone-tool making.
Motorola's 88000 family architecture

The initial members of the 88000 family of high-performance 32-bit microprocessor are the 88100 processor and the 88200 cache and memory management unit (CMMU). The processor manipulates integer and floating-point data and initiates instruction and data memory transactions. The CMMU minimizes the latency of main memory requests by maintaining a cache for data transaction and a cache for memory management translations. A typical system consists of one processor and two identical cache chips, one servicing instruction fetch requests, the other servicing data read and write requests. The overall design process for the 88000 family is described, and the integer instructions are discussed. Decisions made with respect to the processor, cache, and software are examined. Some data on the use of the instruction set by the available compilers and the efficiency of the cache and memory systems are presented. >
Picosecond time resolved luminescence change upon saturation

Abstract A new sensitive method is reported for the measurement of picosecond duration luminescence change upon saturation from photoexcited samples. Examples of 600 ps and 20 ps lifetimes are given.
Torsional oscillations of an encased hollow cylinder of finite length

A hollow elastic cylinder of finite length is encased in a thin elastic shell. The analysis of free torsional vibrations of the elastic system yields a transcendental frequency equation that is solved numerically. The modes of free torsional motion are discussed and the proper relation establishing orthogonality of the principal modes is determined. The elementary mode of a free circular cylinder, when each transverse section rotates as a whole, does not occur for an encased cylinder. The exact frequencies are compared with estimates based on the assumption that the material of the core is very compliant as compared to the material of the shell. Fourier-Bessel analysis is used for the problem of forced torsional motion of the encased elastic core, for arbitrary dependence on radial coordinate and time of the prescribed displacements or stresses at the end-sections. For time-harmonic forcing functions the analysis is extended to forced torsional motion of an encased viscoelastic cylinder. The viscoelastic solutions are derived in terms of the complex shear modulus. The analysis of this paper is of interest for applications in solid-rocket technology.
Light emitting diodes based on sidewall m-plane epitaxy of etched GaN/sapphire templates

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) were grown on the etched m-plane of c-plane GaN/sapphire templates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The LEDs, with InxGa1-xN/GaN quantum wells (QWs), were studied and current-voltage measurements show p-n diode behavior. TEM image analysis established that the QWs are on the {101} sidewall semi-polar plane. Electroluminescence measurements on the fabricated LEDs display an emission peak at 487 nm, with a blue shift of only 4 nm on increasing injected current density from 0.3 to 100 A/cm2. The demonstrated sidewall approach significantly reduces the quantum confined Stark Effect found in QWs grown on c-plane substrates (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A differential-analyzer study of certain nonlinearly damped servomechanisms

A servomechanism must hold its error or the difference between input and output, to as small a value as possible. If a large error appears as a result of a rapid change in the value of an input position signal, then high acceleration and high output speed are desirable, and these in turn are favored by a low damping ratio. When the error is near zero, the speed should be reduced rapidly so that overshoot does not occur, and this requires a high damping ratio. Thus the use of nonlinear damping which has some inverse relationship to the error has been proposed by several investigators.1?5
Nanoscale liquid-vapor phase-change physics in nonevaporating region at the three-phase contact line

Nanoscale liquid film evaporation is usually associated with super-high heat transport rates and can be found in natural processes and in many industrial and advanced technologies. In this paper, thin film evaporation is simulated in a nanochannel using molecular dynamics to study the effect of varying nanochannel height and film thickness. Three nanochannel heights (16.32, 25.5, and 35.7 nm; constant liquid film thickness=3 nm) and three liquid film thicknesses (2, 4, and 6 nm; constant nanochannel height=25.5 nm) are simulated to study six cases. A nonevaporating film is obtained for all six cases. Hamaker constant, vapor pressure, film thickness, and net evaporation and heat fluxes are evaluated. An additional simulation (case 7) is run with simultaneous evaporation-condensation; no nonevaporating film is obtained. Thus, the creation of a nonevaporating film, and its thickness (if the film forms), depends on the combination of three factors, namely, vapor pressure, substrate temperature, and solid-liqu...
Strain from three measured stretches

Abstract In order to solve for the strain on a plane, three measured stretches are required. For an algebraic solution, an equation for the value of reciprocal quadratic elongation λ' in a specified direction is needed, and it may be formed directly from the matrix representation of the finite strain tensor and the direction cosines relative to a co-ordinate system. Three of these equations, one for each measured stretch are then solved simply and directly for λ and λ using matrix methods.
Behavioral effects of ketamine, an NMDA glutamatergic antagonist, in non-human primates

Rationale: The dopamine hypothesis is the most widely investigated theory underlying schizophrenia and the mechanisms of action for antipsychotic drugs. However, recent studies call into question this proposal. Thus, the focus has turned towards other mechanisms, one of which has been glutamatergic systems. Phencyclidine (PCP), a potent NMDA receptor antagonist, causes a schizophrenic-like psychosis in normal volunteers and exacerbates psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Ketamine, like PCP, is a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, which is short acting and has been used as a dissociative anesthetic as well as a research tool in psychosis. Objective: To clarify the role of NMDA antagonists further and to develop an animal model of these actions, ketamine was studied across a range of behaviors in Cebus monkeys. Methods: Thirty-two (six male, 26 female) Cebus monkeys, which were previously sensitized to neuroleptics, were tested with a wide range of doses of ketamine that spanned the clinical effect range from threshold effects to full anesthesia. Behaviors scored included sedation/arousal, locomotor activity, extrapyramidal symptoms of parkinsonism and dystonia, as well as reactivity. Results: Ketamine produced dose-related increases in parkinsonian bradykinesia and dystonia as well as salivation. There were dose-related decreases in locomotor activity and reactivity to environmental stimuli. These effects had short time courses and steep dose-response curves. Conclusions: These results suggest that ketamine-induced behavioral effects in non-human primates offer a model for studying a glutamatergic role in motor and mental function such as attention or perception.
Substance Use Disorders and Anxiety: A Treatment Challenge for Social Workers

Converging evidence from epidemiologic and treatment studies indicate that anxiety disorders and substance use disorders commonly co-occur, and the interaction is multifaceted and variable. Epidemiological studies and investigations within clinical substance abuse populations have found an association between anxiety disorders and substance use disorders. Specific anxiety disorders including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and post traumatic stress disorder have all been associated with substance use. The association with obsessive-compulsive disorder is less robust, and some research has found a negative association. The risk of nicotine dependence is significantly higher among individuals with an anxiety disorder, and conversely, smoking has been found to be associated with trait anxiety and anxiety disorders. A review of the current literature and the relationship between specific anxiety disorders and alcohol and substance use disorders is discussed in detail. This article, written for social workers in a variety of practice settings, reviews the prevalence, diagnostic, and treatment issues at the interface of substance use disorders and anxiety disorders.
Computer-based Hindi pedagogy

Although most of the technical and methodological problems have been solved and encouraging results have been registered in the form of student evaluation of our project, the project is still in the development stage. Perhaps it should be added that even in its advanced stages, it will never be able to replace a human instructor; the only thing it can do is successfully exploit the complementary abilities of man and machine.
Institutional Investor Power and Heterogeneity Implications for Agency and Stakeholder Theories

This article examines the implications of the escalation in institutional inves power and heterogeneity for two dominant theories of corporate governanceagency theory and stakeholder theory. From this analysis, a new view of the agency relationship between institutional investors and their portfolio firms emerges, which recognizes the institutions’ market power, complex role as financial intermediaries, and possible involvement in simultaneous and opposing agency contracts. We also conclude that stakeholder theorists should reconsider these newly empowered shareholders’moral standing in relation to their portfolio firms, and they should reexamine the identities and goals of these modern investors. To that end, we demonstrate that a novel, intragroup application of Mitchell, Agle, and Wood’s stakeholder framework to heterogeneous institutional investors illuminates their varying levels of stakeholder salience.
Effect of age and comorbidity on the treatment and survival of older patients with vulvar cancer.

Objective To determine the disease characteristics and comorbidities predictive of vulvar cancer specific mortality and five year overall survival among older women, ages 65 and above.
Premorbid brain volume estimates and reduced total brain volume in adults exposed to trauma with or without posttraumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis.

ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study was to meta-analytically investigate whether total brain volume (TBV) and total intracranial volume (TICV) differ between adult participants with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and controls.BackgroundTICV reaches maximum growth by early adolescence
Abridgment of two-reaction theory of synchronous machines generalized method of analysis — Part I

STARTING with the basic assumption of no saturation or hysteresis, and with distribution of armature phase m. m. f. effectively sinusoidal so far as regards phenomena dependent upon rotor position, general formulas are developed for current, voltage, power, and torque under steady and transient load conditions. Special detailed formulas are also developed which permit the determination of current and torque on three-phase short circuit during starting, and when only small deviations from an average operating angle are involved.
Effects of psychotherapy for depression in children and adolescents: what we can (and can't) learn from meta-analysis and component profiling.

In this column, we comment on the state of the science regarding psychotherapy for youths (including children and adolescents) with depression. We begin by discussing our recent meta-analysis of the youth depression clinical trials literature to illustrate how meta-analysis can be of use to clinicians. We consider how to interpret measures of effect size, introduce some cautionary notes, and discuss the Treatment of Adolescent Depression Study (TADS; TADS Team, 2004) as an example of factors that may contribute to effect size. Then, using a component profile, we describe the techniques most often used in the most successful treatments for youth depression. When combined, we suggest, meta-analysis and component profiling can shed light on the magnitude of treatment benefit and on the treatment techniques associated with that benefit.
Setting of the American oyster Crassostrea virginica in the James River, Virginia, USA: temporal and spatial distribution *

Setting of larvae of the oyster Crassostrea virginica was monitored in the James River, Virginia, USA from 1963 to 1980. Setting patterns were similar in two ways to those described prior to 1960 (before the onset of the oyster pathogen Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) in Chesapeake Bay): (1) setting intensity (average number of spat per shell) was greater at stations in the lower than upper estuary, and (2) on the average, 60 to 80% of the total annual set at each station occurred during a 6-week period from mid-August through September. However, annual setting intensity from 1963–1980 was lower than previously recorded, and annual sets occurred as a series of discrete pulses rather than continuously throughout the season. Pulses were each approximately 1 to 2 weeks in duration and separated by a period of diminished or no setting. Cross-correlation analysis of annual setting patterns among stations revealed three zones in the James River: the upper estuary and entire southwest side, the lower estuary, and a mid-estuary transition zone. Setting pulses tended to be synchronous at stations within each zone, but occurred 1 to 2 weeks later at stations in downriver than in upriver zones. The location of zones is related to known aspects of water circulation in the James River estuary. Moreover, pulse setting itself may be related to the absence of strong vertical salinity gradients accompanying the fortnightly stratification-destratification process.
An attempt to clarify the generic status of some neotropical species currently assigned to Euryptera, Chontalia And Ophistomis (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)

Type especimens of the Biologia Centrali-Americana lepturine Cerambycidae are redescribed and most are generically reassigned. New combinations are also listed for other Neotropical species. Three genera and one species are described as new.
Insulin, transforming growth factors, and substrates modulate growth of guinea pig pancreatic duct cells in vitro

Abstract Background & Aims: Little is known of the physiological mechanisms that control cellular renewal in the pancreatic excretory duct system. This study investigated the effects of potential regulatory substances on the growth of cultured guinea pig pancreatic duct epithelial monolayers. Methods: Pancreatic duct explants were cultured for 3 days on plastic and on permeable filters in the presence and absence of different substances. Growth of epithelial monolayers from these explants was measured by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation and morphometric procedures. Results: Epidermal growth factor and insulin both enhanced monolayer growth and together had an additive effect. Transforming growth factor α enhanced and transforming growth factor β inhibited growth, whereas glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, secretin, cerulein, bombesin, and dexamethasone had no significant effects. Monolayer growth on type I collagen-coated filters was enhanced when compared with that of monolayers grown on tissue culture plastic. Cell growth from explants on filters coated with type IV collagen and fibronectin was comparable with that on plastic, whereas growth on Matrigel- or laminin-coated filters was reduced. Conclusions: Insulin, transforming growth factors, and substrate components modulate growth of pancreatic duct epithelial cells in vitro, suggesting that they are important regulators of cell division in the excretory duct system of the intact pancreas.
The structure and chromosomes of three gynandromorphic katydids (Amblycorypha)

The external genitalia and the internal reproductive organs are described. Compound gonads, with a normal development of testicular and ovarian tissues, are found in the positions of the gonads of normal individuals. The genital ducts arise in both types of tissue and serve as common ducts. It is demonstrated microscopically that the male tissue has one and the female tissue two sex chromosomes. The diploid number (or nearly so) is present in both tissues. This is the constitution of the normal sexes. The origin of the gynandromorphs is accounted for by assuming either the theory of dispermy in the binucleated egg or chromosomal elimination.
Tunable nanophotonic device based on flexible photonic crystal

We report a tunable nanophotonic device concept based on flexible photonic crystal, which is comprised of a periodic array of high index dielectric material and a low index flexible polymer. Tunability is achieved by applying mechanical force with nano-/micro-electron-mechanical system actuators. The mechanical stress induces changes in the periodicity of the photonic crystal and consequently modifies the photonic band structure. To demonstrate the concept, we theoretically investigated the effect of mechanical stress on the anomalous refraction behavior and observed a very wide tunability in the beam propagation direction. Extensive experimental studies on fabrication and characterizations of the flexible photonic crystal structures were also carried out. High quality nanostructures were fabricated by e-beam lithography. Efficient coupling of laser beam and negative refraction in the flexible PC structures have been demonstrated. The new concept of tunable nanophotonic device provides a means to achieve real-time, dynamic control of photonic band structure and will thus expand the utility of photonic crystal structures in advanced nanophotonic systems.
Evidence for the Formation of a Metastable Crystalline Phase during Crystallization of Zr-Ni Metallic Glasses of Approximately 57–63.2 at. % Zr

The crystallization of rapidly solidified Zr-Ni metallic glasses has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Evidence has been found for a metastable phase which is the first crystalline phase to form upon heating in compositions of 57 to 63.2 at. % Zr. This phase seems to be more easily formed and is most stable in the region of 58 to 59 at. % Zr. Upon subsequent heating to higher temperatures, the metastable phase transforms to the equilibrium phases ZrNi and Zr2Ni. The relationship of this new phase to phase separation at the eutectic composition of 63.5 at. % Zr is discussed in support of the conclusions drawn from low temperature specific heat studies reported previously.
Mechanisms of increased lower esophageal sphincter pressure following intraduodenal peptone infusion in dogs.

Abstract Peptone perfusion of the excluded duodenum in dogs is associated with an increase in lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP). This study investigates the role of cholinergic, adrenergic, and hormonal mediators in the response of the LES to intraduodenal peptone infusion. Adult dogs underwent duodenal exclusion via a Roux-en-Y pylorojejunostomy with formation of a mucocutaneous fistula. Manometric measurements of LESP and radioimmunoassay determinations of gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) blood levels were made at rest and at 15-min intervals following peptone infusion of the excluded duodenum. In control experiments, peptone infusion resulted in an increase in mean LESP at all time intervals (P
Synthesis of hemoglobin Cranston, an elongated β chain variant☆

Abstract Hemoglobin Cranston is an unstable human variant with an elongated β chain (157 residues) that occurs because of a frameshift mutation in the deoxyribonucleic acid coding for the C-terminal region. Reticulocytes from the blood of a heterozygote (hemoglobin Cranston = 30%, normal hemoglobin A = 70%) were incubated with [3H]leucine for various times from 2.5 minutes to three hours. Separation of the α and β chains of the Cranston and A hemoglobins, isolated by electrophoresis of pulse-labeled soluble phases on cellulose acetate strips, showed that the rates of synthesis of the βCranston and βA chains were similar. When reticulocytes were labeled for longer times, the hemoglobin Cranston β chains incorporated less total 3H-radioactivity than the β chains of hemoglobin A. These results suggest that synthesis of the βCranston chain was not impaired by its additional length, but that some of the newly synthesized variant chains were catabolized after formation. Analyses of the 3H-labeled soluble phases on Sephadex G-75 columns showed the presence of significant pools of newly synthesized, free α chains. The kinetic patterns of 3H-labeling suggested that a significant fraction of hemoglobin Cranston α chain radioactivity arose by exchange of the newly synthesized, free α chains with pre-existing α chains of the unstable hemoglobin. Under some conditions of chromatography or electrophoresis, the abnormal hemoglobin consists of two different species, Cranston1 and Cranston2, which have identical amino acid sequences and therefore appear to be conformers of each other. When the soluble phases of 3H-labeled reticulocytes were analyzed on columns of DEAE-cellulose, hemoglobin Cranston1 separated readily from the other hemoglobins, but hemoglobin Cranston2 chromatographed initially as part of an asymmetric hybrid with hemoglobin A; i.e. α2βAβCranston. Analysis of the 3H-labeling patterns of these components suggested that newly synthesized αβCranston dimers combined with each other to form hemoglobin Cranston1 or with αβA dimers to form the asymmetric hybrid. The results indicated that hemoglobin Cranston1, hemoglobin A and the hybrid molecule coexist in the red cells. During chromatographic analyses, hemoglobin Cranston2 arose from dissociation of the hybrid. Rechromatography of the purified components showed that some of the Cranston2 component converted slowly to the more stable Cranston1 conformer.
Sample size, likelihood, and confidence in a decision)

Ss made decisions in a two-choice task following 3, 9, and 19 items of information, and rated their confidence in their decisions. When the likelihood of the informative events was constant, confidence was inversely related to sample size. The results were the reverse of findings in studies of the sequential revision of confidence.
High-resolution, large-angular-acceptance monochromator for hard X rays

We have constructed the first working model of a novel diffraction geometry for the high-resolution monochromatization of hard (5–30 keV) synchrotron radiation. The monochromator has an energy bandpass of 6.7 meV FWHM and an angular acceptance of 22 μrad (4.5 arcseconds) for 14.4 keV X rays - an energy resolution ΔEE of 4.6 × 10−7. With a second set of crystals, an energy bandpass of 23 meV FWHM and an angular acceptance of 7 μrad was achieved for 23.8 keV photons. The performance of the monochromator has been verified, in a nearly ideal measurement, using nuclear-fluorescent X rays with an energy bandwidth on the order of 10 neV.
Political behaviors as moderators of the perceptions of organizational politics—work outcomes relationships

This study investigates the complexities involved in the relationships between perceptions of politics and work outcomes by examining the effects of political behavior on that relationship. More specifically, we suggest that political behavior may serve as a form of control or as a mechanism for coping with highly political organizational environments perceived by individuals to be aversive. As such, we propose moderating roles of self-promotion and ingratiation on the relationships between perceptions of politics and the work outcomes of satisfaction with job in general, satisfaction with supervision, and intent to leave. It was hypothesized that increased exercise of self-promotion and ingratiation behaviors would mitigate the negative effects of perceptions of organizational politics on those specific outcomes. Hypotheses were supported for the proposed relationships between self-promotion and two of the work outcomes: satisfaction with supervision and intent to leave. Significant effects were also found for ingratiation; however, they were opposite to those proposed for the perceptions of organizational politics–intent to leave relationship. Implications of results and areas for future research are discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electro-optical effects and temperature-dependent electrical properties of LuFe2O4 thin films

Abstract We report electro-optical and temperature-dependent electrical-transport properties of LuFe2O4 (LFO) thin films. The LFO thin films at 78 K showed the electro-optical effects of size up to 5% near the Fe2 + d to d on-site electronic transition. In the three-dimensional charge-ordered state of LFO, we observed hysteresis in dc voltage–current measurements and nonlinear voltage–current relationship in transient response of voltage under current pulses. The electro-optical and electrical properties of LFO thin films are interpreted in terms of the field-induced changes of the charge-ordered state mediated by the spin–charge–lattice coupling effect. We also discuss possible mechanisms of the complex electrical properties and electro-optical effects in conjunction with the Maxwell–Wagner effects.
Patterns of Fairness Judgments in North America and the People's Republic of China

This article covers the results of 5 surveys conducted in the United States, Canada, and the People's Republic of China. These surveys illustrate the differences and similarities of ethical tradeoff patterns regarding fairness between North Americans and Chinese, in situations concerning health and safety risks and in situations involving pricing of a variety of goods and services under a number of market settings. Although the results are tied to special contexts, the general pattern of findings is quite clear. On health and safety issues, American graduate business students in California were found to make decisions consistent with their fairness judgments in health and safety risk settings. In contrast, the fairness judgments of Chinese graduate business students do not necessarily coincide with their own decisions in the same health and safety situations. On marketplace issues, responses of members of the Canadian public, in addition to recognizing market forces, demonstrate significant concern for the protection of consumers’ interests, whereas market principles appear to dominate most of the responses of Chinese and Californian graduate business students. These results provide valuable insights for multinational businesses involved in North American–Chinese joint ventures when developing strategies on pricing, negotiations, and bidding on environmentally sensitive projects.
Techniques for achieving realistic color distribution in large composite resin restorations

A technique of using macrofilled and microfilled composite resins in conjunction with tints and opaquers has been described. The technique achieves a more realistic color distribution in large composite resin restorations, such as Class IV restorations, diastema closures, veneers, and large Class III restorations. In placing more natural distributions of color in composite resin restorations, a more pleasing appearance can be achieved.
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia associated with hyperthyroidism.

POLYOSTOTIC fibrous dysplasia, when associated with endocrinopathies and pigmentation of the skin, has been termed “Albright's syndrome” following the report in 1937 by Albright et al. (1). The most common endocrine dysfunction is precocious puberty in females. Less frequent but thought to be significantly related is the presence of hyperthyroidism. This report reviews all cases in the literature and presents 2 additional cases in which there was coexistence of hyperthyroidism and fibrous dysplasia. For detailed radiologic, pathologic and clinical features of this syndrome, the reader is referred to the recent excellent reviews by Furst and Shapiro (2), Albright (3, 4), Dockerty et al. (5), Lichtenstein and Jaffe (6) and Gorham et al. (7). In Table 1 only those cases in which the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism is unequivocal are included. The cases of Horowitz and Cantarow (12), Caldwell and Broderick (13), Dockerty et al. (5), Gaupp (14), Summerfeldt and Brown (15) and Thannhauser (16) (which are not inclu...
Theory of the contribution to sliding friction from electronic excitations in the microbalance experiment.

The electronic contribution to the force of friction between a physioadsorbed film of atoms and the metallic substrate on which it is adsorbed in a microbalance experiment is calculated using time-dependent perturbation theory, and estimates of the experimentally observed slip time are made. The van der Waals interaction between an adsorbate and a substrate atom is also estimated. The connection between the adsorbate friction and the adsorbate contribution to the resistivity is also discussed on the basis of the perturbation theory calculations.
EST, COSII, and arbitrary gene markers give similar estimates of nucleotide diversity in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Because cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is low in genetic diversity, public, verified single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers within the species are in demand. To promote marker development we resequenced approximately 23 kb in a diverse set of 31 tomato lines including TA496. Three classes of markers were sampled: (1) 26 expressed-sequence tag (EST), all of which were predicted to be polymorphic based on TA496, (2) 14 conserved ortholog set II (COSII) or unigene, and (3) ten published sequences, composed of nine fruit quality genes and one anonymous RFLP marker. The latter two types contained mostly noncoding DNA. In total, 154 SNPs and 34 indels were observed. The distributions of nucleotide diversity estimates among marker types were not significantly different from each other. Ascertainment bias of SNPs was evaluated for the EST markers. Despite the fact that the EST markers were developed using SNP prediction within a sample consisting of only one TA496 allele and one additional allele, the majority of polymorphisms in the 26 EST markers were represented among the other 30 tomato lines. Fifteen EST markers with published SNPs were more closely examined for bias. Mean SNP diversity observations were not significantly different between the original discovery sample of two lines (53 SNPs) and the 31 line diversity panel (56 SNPs). Furthermore, TA496 shared its haplotype with at least one other line at 11 of the 15 markers. These data demonstrate that public EST databases and noncoding regions are a valuable source of unbiased SNP markers in tomato.
Transient Residual Stresses in Thermal Barrier Coatings: Analytical and Numerical Results

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) provide thermal insulation to high-temperature superalloys. Residual stresses develop in TBCs during cool-down from processing temperatures due to the thermal expansion mismatch between the different layers (substrate, bond coat, and the ceramic TBC). These residual stresses can initiate microcracks at the bond coat/TBC interface which can lead to debonding at the bond coat/TBC interface. Elasticity-based modeling was used to determine the transient stresses in the TBC, bond coat, and the superalloy substrate with specific attention to the interfaces. For the steady-state case, finite element modeling was undertaken as well. Closed-form elasticity solutions correlated well with the finite element results for the steady-state case. The highest residual stresses occurred at the interface between the bond coat and the TBC. An important result of this investigation was that the TBC/bond coat interface was under biaxial stress field. An important result was that the residual stresses developed in the substrate are higher for the case of partly cooled specimen compared to the fully cooled specimen which can be rationalized due to the presence of higher temperature gradients at earlier times during cool-down from processing temperature.