cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Documentation quality of inpatient code status discussions.

Context Accurate documentation of inpatient code status discussions (CSDs) is important because of frequent patient care handoffs.
Cognitive Elements of Empowerment: An “Interpretive” Model of Intrinsic Task Motivation

This article presents a cognitive model of empowerment. Here, empowerment is defined as increased intrinsic task motivation, and our subsequent model identifies four cognitions (task assessments) as the basis for worker empowerment: sense of impact, competence, meaningfulness, and choice. Adopting an interpretive perspective, we have used the model also to describe cognitive processes through which workers reach these conclusions. Central to the processes we describe are workers' interpretive styles and global beliefs. Both preliminary evidence for the model and general implications for research are discussed.
K+ channel gating: C-type inactivation is enhanced by calcium or lanthanum outside

Many voltage-gated K+ channels exhibit C-type inactivation. This typically slow process has been hypothesized to result from dilation of the outer-most ring of the carbonyls in the selectivity filter, destroying this ring’s ability to bind K+ with high affinity. We report here strong enhancement of C-type inactivation upon extracellular addition of 10–40 mM Ca2+ or 5–50 µM La3+. These multivalent cations mildly increase the rate of C-type inactivation during depolarization and markedly promote inactivation and/or suppress recovery when membrane voltage (Vm) is at resting levels (−80 to −100 mV). At −80 mV with 40 mM Ca2+ and 0 mM K+ externally, ShBΔN channels with the mutation T449A inactivate almost completely within 2 min or less with no pulsing. This behavior is observed only in those mutants that show C-type inactivation on depolarization and is distinct from the effects of Ca2+ and La3+ on activation (opening and closing of the Vm-controlled gate), i.e., slower activation of K+ channels and a positive shift of the mid-voltage of activation. The Ca2+/La3+ effects on C-type inactivation are antagonized by extracellular K+ in the low millimolar range. This, together with the known ability of Ca2+ and La3+ to block inward current through K+ channels at negative voltage, strongly suggests that Ca2+/La3+ acts at the outer mouth of the selectivity filter. We propose that at −80 mV, Ca2+ or La3+ ions compete effectively with K+ at the channel’s outer mouth and prevent K+ from stabilizing the filter’s outer carbonyl ring.
Deterministic generation of a bit-stream of single-photon pulses

Abstract We report a high efficiency scheme for generating a single-photon state transmitted out of an optical cavity. For realistic cavity QED parameters, we show that the scheme can produce a single-photon pulse with a probability exceeding 99% in a user-specified time interval. By recycling the system, the scheme can be used to create a bit-stream of single-photon pulses.
PhD and EdD degrees for mid-career professionals: Fielding Graduate University

The author describes Fielding Graduate University's unique scholar–practitioner, distributed learning model, which is intended for adult students whose professional and personal backgrounds are considered an integral part of their educational and development process.
Osteoarthritis in Cats

Osteoarthritis is a common radiographic finding in older cats, with a prevalence of up to 90% in appendicular joints. Many cats experience impaired mobility from osteoarthritis; however, there are more and more treatment options available, including diet modification, environmental modification, medical therapy, and physical rehabilitation. Continuing challenges involve accurate diagnosis and outcome assessment of treatment, but considerable progress has been made in the last decade.
RESPONSE OF HORMONE REFRACTORY PROSTATE CANCER TO LYCOPENE

A 62-year-old white man was diagnosed with Gleason score 5 (2 1 3) organ confined prostate cancer in November 1989. He was initially treated elsewhere with monthly leuprolide therapy. Prostate specific antigen (PSA), first recorded as 1.0 ng./ml. in April 1991, increased to 27.0 ng./ml. in July 1996. Treatment was deferred as the patient was asymptomatic and the metastatic evaluation, including bone scan and computerized tomography of the abdomen and pelvis, was negative. In September 1996 gross hematuria developed and transurethral resection of the prostate was performed. Pathological examination revealed adenocarcinoma of the prostate (Gleason score 8 [4 1 4]). The patient was referred to us. PSA was 18.8 ng./ml., the metastatic evaluation remained negative and bicalutamide therapy was initiated. He did not respond to an antiandrogen and PSA increased to 43.6 ng./ml. in April 1997. He was placed on ketoconazole and hydrocortisone, and PSA increased to 73.15 ng./ml. in August. A regimen of doxorubicin, vinorelbine and prednisone was administered but PSA increased to 365.0 ng./ml. in March 1999. Computerized tomography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed extensive nodal disease. Bone scan showed skeletal metastases. The patient stopped all formal treatment regimens and transferred to hospice care. In March 1999 he began lycopene and saw palmetto supplements. PSA decreased to 139.6 ng./ml. in April and to 8.1 ng./ml. in May. PSA remained from 3 to 8 ng./ml. for 18 months. A repeat bone scan demonstrated improvement of bony metastases. He continues to take 10 mg. lycopene orally once daily and 300 mg. saw palmetto orally 3 times daily. At last followup he was asymptomatic.
Research Note: Effects of Different Bone Preparation Methods (Fresh, Dry, and Fat-Free Dry) on Bone Parameters and the Correlations Between Bone Breaking Strength and the Other Bone Parameters

A study was conducted to evaluate effects of different bone preparation methods on bone parameters and the correlations between bone breaking strength and the other bone parameters. Bone breaking strength is dramatically changed depending on bone preparation methods, whereas other bone parameters such as ash content and ash concentration are not significantly influenced by bone preparation methods. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3 bone preparations (fresh, dry, and fat-free dry) on bone parameters and the relationship between bone breaking strength and bone parameters. Sixty Single Comb White Leghorn hens were used for this study. Hens were euthanized by CO2 gas, and the right tibia and femur were collected. The bones were divided into 3 treatment groups: fresh, dry, and fat-free dry. There were no significant differences in fresh weight, bone volume, dried weight, ash weight, and ash concentration of tibia and femur among the treatments. However, fresh tibia (24.13 kg) exhibited more bone breaking strength compared with the dried (9.90 kg) and fat-free dried bones (7.41 kg) (P < 0.05). The bone breaking strength (20.97 kg) of fresh femur was also significantly higher than the dried (9.22 kg) and fat-free dried femurs (6.94 kg). The bone breaking strength of the fresh bone was highly correlated with dried weight, ash weight, and ash concentration, whereas that of the fat-free dried bone was poorly correlated with the other bone parameters. The results indicate that fresh bone gives better bone breaking strength correlated to the other bone parameters than dry or fat-free dry preparation.
A quantitative ethogram of behavior of yearling ewes during two hours post-parturition

Abstract A total of 2130 behaviors representing 24 behavioral categories were observed during the period from parturition to lamb nursing for seven ewe-lamb pairs. Both individual behaviors and behavioral sequences were counted. Ewes showed a high frequency of licking, especially directed at the head (41% of licks) and anterior body (30% of licks) of their lambs. Licking followed a specific, non-random pattern. Ewes licked from front to back of their lambs. Ewes licked their lamb's anterior body and head immediately before their lambs stood. When the lambs sought teats, ewes either presented their udder to their lamb which facilitated nursing, or moved away from the lamb which delayed nursing. This research identified behaviors and behavioral sequences that may be used in future studies seeking to select for improved maternal ability or to design improved lambing environments. Finally, this work may lead to the generation of hypotheses which may be tested in future work examining behaviors involved as causal factors in lamb survival.
VLSI-implementable scheme for invariant object recognition

The authors describe the development of a VLSI smart sensor which borrows some mechanisms used by the human eye to generate abstractions of simple line drawings which are invariant with respect to scale and position. It is demonstrated by simulation that a corner-based abstraction method is suitable for generating signatures invariant with respect to scale and position. It is shown that such a sensor (1) is capable of real-time performance, (2) yields a considerably higher resolution than conventional schemes, and (3) is similar in some important respects to the human visual system. Two implementation schemes are described, and it is shown that they are capable of real-time performance. Limitations of the technique are mentioned, as is the simple extension of the method to gray-scale images. >
Land Description Errors: Recognition, Avoidance, and Consequences

Legal descriptions of land are used in many legal documents, including contracts, deeds, mortgages, and others. The article first describes several commonly used description methods, including the metes and bounds, U.S. Government Survey, plat reference, and surveyor's or angular description. A suggested method of drawing descriptions is provided. Many types of errors can occur in legal descriptions. Errors can be made because the description is too informal, is ambiguous, or contains mistakes in numbers. Sometimes errors are made when the description is valid in and of itself, but is not the one intended by the parties. Courts have devised canons and aids in construction of land descriptions that contain patent or latent errors. When errors are made, several parties may be adversely affected, including buyers and sellers, mortgagors and mortgagees, lawyers, and land surveyors. For lawyers, errors can implicate both legal and professional ethics violations. Surveyors may be liable in malpractice. The article concludes with some suggestions on methods to avoid making errors in land descriptions.
An Implementation Scheme of Flow-Net and Its Applications on Detecting Attacks in Wireless Networks

In this paper, we propose an implementation scheme of flow-net which is designed to record events and their relations. Different implementation schemes of the flow-net are introduced and compared. Under the collaboration of the nodes in a network, all of the events in the network are recorded and the relations of the events can be clearly described by flow-net. Because of the clear description of the events' relations, flow-net can be used to detect attacks in networks by using the fingerprint of the attacks.
Online scheduling: generalized pinwheel problem

Consider a non-preemptive infinite horizon service system with a single server characterized by a service time and a maximum allowable time between consecutive services. A rigorous Markov Decision Process formulation is provided in order to develop a dynamic programming algorithm for determining a feasible schedule. The constraints are then relaxed in order to invoke a semi-MDP. This semi-MDP is used to generate a non-randomized policy which generates a schedule of jobs. An algorithm that searches this schedule for a subsequence which is feasible and can be implemented periodically is presented.
Detection of a new X-ray burst source

Attention is given to the detection of a single X-ray burst from a new burst source, which is suggested to be either the bright bulge source GX13 + 1, or 1 N1812 - 182; these are respectively listed in the HEAO-1 Catalog of Wood (1984) as possessing equivalent strengths of about 165 and 29 UFU. Only the former of the two sources is listed in the 4 U Catalog, however, which gives it a maximum level of 400 UFU and a variability factor of 3.
FINE STRUCTURE AND ORGANELLE ASSOCIATIONS IN BROWN ALGAE

The structural interrelationships among several membrane systems in the cells of brown algae have been examined by electron microscopy. In the brown algae the chloroplasts are surrounded by two envelopes, the outer of which in some cases is continuous with the nuclear envelope. The pyrenoid, when present, protrudes from the chloroplast, is also surrounded by the two chloroplast envelopes, and, in addition, is capped by a third dilated envelope or "pyrenoid sac." The regular apposition of the membranes around the pyrenoid contrasts with their looser appearance over the remainder of the chloroplast. The Golgi apparatus is closely associated with the nuclear envelope in all brown algae examined, but in the Fucales this association may extend to portions of the cytoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum as well. Evidence is presented for the derivation of vesicles, characteristic of those found in the formative region of the Golgi apparatus, from portions of the underlying nuclear envelope. The possibility that a structural channeling system for carbohydrate reserves and secretory precursors may be present in brown algae is considered. Other features of the brown algal cell, such as crystal-containing bodies, the variety of darkly staining vacuoles, centrioles, and mitochondria, are examined briefly, and compared with similar structures in other plant cells.
Comparing furnace to laser annealing in ion implanted surface passivated MINP solar cells

A comparison is made between furnace and laser annealing in 5 keV ion implanted MINP high efficiency solar cells. Cells with laser annealing show a 2 to 3% higher Jsc due to improved IR response. Laser annealed cells also show reduced Uoc, FF, and efficiency since laser annealing disturbs the optimum surface layer design. Higher excess current components for these cells suggests an increase in recombination. It is concluded that furnace annealing is preferred in these types of cells. Es wird ein Vergleich zwischen Ofen- und Laser-Ausheilung an 5 keV-ionenimplantierten hocheffizienten MINP-Solarzellen durchgefuhrt. Zellen mit Laserausheilung zeigen einen um 2 bis 3% hoheren Jsc infolge der verbesserten IR-Response. Zellen mit Lasertemperung zeigen aber eine reduzierte Uoc, FF und Wirkungsgrad, da Laserausheilung die optimale Oberflachengestaltung stort. Hohere Uberschusstromkomponenten fur diese Zellen weisen auf ein Anwachsen der Rekombination hin. Es wird geschlossen, das Ofenausheilung fur diese Zellentypen zu bevorzugen ist.
Elastic-Plastic Finite Element Analysis of Partial Slip Rolling Contact

The finite element model with the implementation of a robust cyclic plasticity theory was used to simulate the elastic-plastic stresses for the partial slip (stick-slip) line rolling contact. Detailed rolling contact stresses and strains were obtained for up to 40 rolling passes. The partial slip condition greatly affects the residual stress in the rolling direction and the residual shear strain within a thin layer of material near the contact surface. The residual stress in the axial direction was not significantly influenced by the partial slip condition. An increase in friction coefficient drives the location of maximum shear strain to the contact surface. In addition, a comparison was made between the finite element results and the results obtained from an approximate method.
Impact of A Telephonic Outreach Program on Medication Adherence In Medicare Advantage Prescription Drug (Mapd) Plan Beneficiaries

MTM intervention • AvMed Health Plans, a Florida based Health Plan, contracted with the UF MTM CCC to provide their MAPD health plan members with live interactive telephonic assessments. • The phone call included a live interactive conversation with the patient to assess the use of their medication(s); to identify potential barriers to medication adherence; to provide possible recommendations including patient education, solutions for obtaining timely medication refills, and interventions related to side effect resolution and cost-related issues.
When is Deceptive Message Production More Effortful than Truth-Telling? A Baker's Dozen of Moderators.

Deception is thought to be more effortful than telling the truth. Empirical evidence from many quarters supports this general proposition. However, there are many factors that qualify and even reverse this pattern. Guided by a communication perspective, I present a baker’s dozen of moderators that may alter the degree of cognitive difficulty associated with producing deceptive messages. Among sender-related factors are memory processes, motivation, incentives, and consequences. Lying increases activation of a network of brain regions related to executive memory, suppression of unwanted behaviors, and task switching that is not observed with truth-telling. High motivation coupled with strong incentives or the risk of adverse consequences also prompts more cognitive exertion--for truth-tellers and deceivers alike--to appear credible, with associated effects on performance and message production effort, depending on the magnitude of effort, communicator skill and experience. Factors related to message and communication context include discourse genre, type of prevarication, expected response length, communication medium, preparation, and recency of target event/issue. These factors can attenuate the degree of cognitive taxation on senders so that truth-telling and deceiving are similarly effortful. Factors related to the interpersonal relationship among interlocutors include whether sender and receiver are cooperative or adversarial and how well-acquainted they are with one another. A final consideration is whether the unit of analysis is the utterance, turn at talk, episode, entire interaction, or series of interactions. Taking these factors into account should produce a more nuanced answer to the question of when deception is more difficult than truth-telling.
Mechanical Characterization of Aerogels

Aerogels are multifunctional porous nanostructured materials (e.g., thermally/acoustically insulating) derived from their vast internal empty space and their high specific surface area. Under certain conditions, aerogels may also have exceptional specific mechanical properties as well. The mechanical characteristics of aerogels are discussed in this chapter. First, we summarize work conducted on the mechanical characterization of traditional aerogels, and second, we describe the mechanical behavior of polymer crosslinked aerogels. In polymer crosslinked aerogels, a few nanometer thick conformal polymer coating is applied on secondary particles without clogging the pores, thus preserving the multifunctionality of the native framework while improving mechanical strength. The mechanical properties were characterized under both quasi-static loading conditions (dynamic mechanical analysis, compression, and flexural bending testing) as well as under high strain rate loading conditions using a split Hopkinson pressure bar. The effects of strain rate, mass density, loading–unloading, moisture concentration, and low temperature on the mechanical properties were evaluated. Digital image correlation was used to measure the surface strains through analysis of images acquired by ultrahigh-speed photography for calculation of properties including dynamic Poisson’s ratio. Among remarkable results described herewith, crosslinked vanadia aerogels remain ductile even at −180°C, a property derived from interlocking and sintering-like fusion of skeletal nanoworms during compression.
Olfactory Imprinting in Salmon: New Models and Approaches

Olfactory imprinting is a specialized form of unconditioned learning in which olfactory information is acquired and then used in some specific behavioral context later in life. A key characteristics of an imprinted memory is that it is formed during a sensitive period of development. This prerequisite thus distinguishes olfactory imprinting from other types of odor learning in which only conditioned exposure to an odor stimulus is required for learning to occur. Most investigations designed to explore the mechanisms underlying olfactory imprinting have focused on mammalian species, concentrating on synaptic events at the level of the main and accessory olfactory bulbs (Hudson 1993). Recent integrative studies with salmon (Dittman et al. 1997; Nevitt et al. 1994) and rabbits (Semke et al. 1995), however, provide compelling evidence that highly specific imprinted odor memories may also be retained in the periphery, i.e., at the level of the olfactory epithelium proper. These results suggest that populations of olfactory receptor neurons may be selectively tuned to respond to odor molecules present during a hormonally linked sensitive period. A potential key to the mechanism of how these peripheral odor memories become established draws on the unique ability of olfactory receptor neurons to turn over throughout an organism’s life span (Farbman 1994). How hormonal and environmental factors work together to influence olfactory neurogenesis is not yet been rigorously addressed in the literature (Shepherd 1994), but ultimately may provide important new insights not only for basic science but for salmon conservation as well.
Phase Diagram of Mixed Mesomorphic Benzylideneanilines — MBBA/EBBA

The crystal-nematic transition of binary mixtures of MBBA and EBBA is strongly sensitive to thermal history. A metastable phase (β-phase) has a eutectic-like minimum melting point of about -14°. However, a sample maintained at -18°C for about one day -will convert to a stable phase (α-phase) with a minimum melting temperature of 13°C. The stable phase seems to be a solid solution. The crystal-nematic latent heat of transformation LKN for the α-phase is linearly dependent on concentration, but that for the β-phase has a minimum, The concentration-dependence of the nematic-isotropic transition temperature is similar to that reported elsewhere for other systems. The nematic-isotropic latent heat of transition is essentially linearly dependent on concentration.
Reduced Order Modelling and Boundary Feedback Control of Nonlinear Convection

A distributed parameter model of a nonlinear two-dimensional convective system is formulated. Proper orthogonal decomposition is used to construct a reduced order state-space model of the system. Open-loop simulations of the full and reduced models are compared to demonstrate the validity of the reduced model. A linear quadratic regulator control problem is formulated for the system under boundary control. Control efiectiveness is demonstrated in reduced and full order simulations.
Ferruginous bodies in benign fibrous pleural plaques.

Some pathologic and epidemiologic evidence suggests that benign fibrous plaques may form in the pleura as a reaction to inspired asbestos. The ferruginous bodies formed in reaction to asbestos and other respirable fibers have virtually never been demonstrated in these lesions by study of tissue sections. Using a tissue digestion and microfiltration technic the authors identified small numbers of typical ferruginous bodies in three of eight specimens studied. Also found was another type of iron-coated structure which was designated an “atypical ferruginous body.” These may be endogenous or exogenous in origin. Ferruginous bodies probably are of little significance in the genesis of fibrous pleural plaques.
Design and development of SAVES: A construction safety training augmented virtuality environment for hazard recognition and severity identification

One of the most challenging aspects of safety for construction sites is ensuring that workers can predict, identify, and respond to potential hazardous conditions before they are exposed. From a scientific standpoint, we currently lack the knowledge of discovering the most efficient training styles for safety and also understanding why and how these styles of training can influence the post-training activities. To address these needs, a System for Augmented Virtuality Environment Safety (SAVES) is designed and presented in this paper. SAVES which integrates a BIM with 2D images on a jobsite, allows trainees to conduct a set of interactions with SAVES and accomplish multiple instruction-based and task-based training modules. These modules include detection of ten types of hazard and/or energy sources at three levels of severity. The complete process of design, development and implementation of SAVES is demonstrated and the lessons learned are discussed in detail.
Talking About Versus Talking With: an experiential self of the therapist exercise for family therapy training

This article describes an experiential self of the therapist exercise for use in family therapy training. It provides guidelines for instructors to integrate the activity into their courses including step-by-step directions, examples of processing questions, and potential readings to accompany the activity. The Talking About Versus Talking With exercise was designed to help family therapy students have a felt sense of some of the differences between individual and relational therapy. It provides trainers with a way to teach therapists in training about clients’ experiences in relational therapy where they talk about relational difficulties directly with someone, as opposed to talking about those same difficulties in individual therapy. The exercise also offers an opportunity for students to do self of the therapist work with a strained relationship in their personal lives, and students report that it is both rewarding and emotionally intense. Practitioner points Differences between individual and relational therapy may not be easily understood by family therapy students Self of the therapist work, including working with difficult personal relationships, is a vital component of family therapy training The experiential nature of the exercise provides students with a felt sense of some differences between individual and relational therapy
Solution to a System of Linear Algebraic Equations

This chapter begins with a discussion on direct solvers. These include Gaussian elimination and its simplifications for banded systems, namely, the tridiagonal matrix algorithm and the pentadiagonal matrix algorithm. Following a discussion of the reasons why direct solution of large linear systems arising out of discretization of partial differential equations (PDEs) is prohibitive, the reader is introduced to iterative solvers. Several iterative solvers are presented. These include the Jacobi method, the Gauss–Seidel method, the alternating direction implicit (ADI) method, the Stone’s strongly implicit method, the method of steepest descent, the conjugate gradient method, and the conjugate gradient squared method. All of the aforementioned methods are compared and contrasted by solving a benchmark boundary value problem. An overview of Krylov subspace methods is also included. Methods to linearize nonlinear source terms to attain diagonal dominance and stable convergence are also discussed.
Depression and intimate partner violence among college students in Iran

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health threat and causes mental as well as physical health problems. Depression is a common mental health consequence of IPV. While Iran has a high prevalence of IPV and depression, the association between IPV and depression has not been well examined. The Iranian data from the International Dating Violence Study (IDVS) 2001-2006 (ICPSR 29583) were analyzed. Twenty-three male and 75 female college students were selected in the IDVS Iranian data. Nearly all of the participants, male and female, reported being victims and perpetrators of IPV. Female participants were more likely to report depression compared to male participants. Participants who had experienced sexual IPV reported significantly higher levels of depression compared to those who did not experience sexual IPV. However, when substance abuse and partner conflict were analyzed, the contribution of sexual IPV on depression was no longer significant. This study suggests that IPV prevention and intervention programs should take into consideration that college-aged men and women frequently experience and use violence in dating relationships. Depression interventions should be included for female students. Substance abuse and partner conflict are important risk factors for depression.
Assessing the Role of Seismic Data Sharing in CTBT Monitoring

Policy analyses of underground test monitoring in support of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) usually focus on the Primary and Auxiliary Seismological Networks of the International Monitoring System (IMS). In addition to overlooking National Technical Means (NTM), this lens fails to consider thousands of seismic stations and arrays operated by government agencies, universities, and research institutes. These networks serve important functions in earthquake hazard mitigation, tsunami warning systems, and civilian and military disaster responses, but they can also detect waveform data from suspected nuclear tests. This paper explores mechanisms for seismic data sharing in the scientific community and evaluates their potential contributions to CTBT monitoring. It concludes that seismology is the first line of sight for monitoring underground nuclear tests, and scientific data sharing and capacity building can help to detect and deter noncompliance with the CTBT.
Nucleophilic (Radio)Fluorination of α-Diazocarbonyl Compounds Enabled by Copper-Catalyzed H–F Insertion

The copper-catalyzed H–F insertion into α-diazocarbonyl compounds is described using potassium fluoride (KF) and hexafluoroisopropanol. Access to complex α-fluorocarbonyl derivatives is achieved under mild conditions, and the method is readily adapted to radiofluorination with [18F]KF. This late-stage strategy provides an attractive route to 18F-labeled biomolecules.
African Americans in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Factors Affecting Career Choice, Satisfaction, and Practice Patterns.

Purpose There are few data available on the experience of minority surgeons in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to 1) explore factors that contribute to African Americans choosing OMS as a career, 2) examine satisfaction among minority oral and maxillofacial surgeons with the residency application and training process, 3) report on practice patterns among minority oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and 4) identify perceived bias for or against minority oral and maxillofacial surgeons in an attempt to aid the efforts of OMS residency organizations to foster diversity. Materials and Methods A 19-item survey was sent to 80 OMS practitioners by use of information from the mailing list of the National Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, an American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons–affiliated organization. All surveys were sent by mail and were followed by a reminder mailing after 8 weeks. Responses returned within 16 weeks were accepted for analysis. Results Of the 80 mailed surveys, 41 were returned within the 16-week parameter, representing a return rate of 51%. Most of the minority surgeon respondents were married men with a mean age of 60 years who worked as private practitioners. Most respondents practiced on the eastern and western coasts of the United States. Exposure in dental school was the most important factor in selecting OMS as a specialty. Location and prestige were the most important factors in selecting a residency program. Most respondents reported that race did not affect the success of their application to a residency program and did not currently affect the success of their practice. However, 25 to 46% of participants experienced race-related harassment, and 48 to 55% of participants believed there was a bias against African Americans in OMS. Conclusions Our data suggest that a substantial number of minority oral and maxillofacial surgeons subjectively perceive race-based bias in their career, although it does not appear to affect professional success.
“Coaching boys into men”: A social norms change approach to sexual violence prevention

This chapter discusses a specific and promising school and community-based prevention intervention—the Coaching Boys into Men (CBIM) program. CBIM trains athletic coaches to talk with their adolescent male athletes about respect, nonviolence, healthy relationships, and positive bystander behaviors with the goal of reducing sexual and dating violence. Findings from rigorous evaluation studies of this program highlight the importance of addressing social norms change and gender equity in sexual violence prevention efforts.
Geography and postgenomics: how space and place are the new DNA

For many geographers, postgenomics is a relatively new perspective on biological causality. It is a non-dualistic way to conceptualize DNA, genes and environment. It also presents an opportunity for a broad critical engagement with biology through geography’s insights into socionature and the fallacies of spatial inference. In postgenomics, mapping of the spatial and temporal contexts and circumstances surrounding DNA, rather than DNA sequence alone, has become prioritized. Consequently, scientific and economic value in postgenomics accrues through the enclosure and mapping of the ‘omes’. These include the more familiar epigenome and microbiome, but also the interactome, the phenome, and the exposome among many others. The omes represent the cartographic translation of biological spatialities that modify the outcomes of DNA sequence from within as well as from outside of human bodies. In this article, we show how postgenomics leverages this omic ontologicalization of space and puts it to productive use. Drawing upon recent studies of the human microbiome, we illustrate how problematic geographies of difference arise through the way this omic mapping unfolds.
Absolute Lymphocyte Count Is a Novel Prognostic Indicator in Acute Leukemia: Implications for Risk Stratification and Future Studies.

Background: Despite improving outcomes, 25–50% of children and young adults with acute leukemia still relapse and most salvage rates are discouraging. Additional prognostic factors, particularly those that represent host factors, may further stratify patients and decrease relapse rates. Purpose: To determine if absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) during induction chemotherapy can improve current risk stratification and predict relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in children and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: We analyzed 160 consecutive cases of de novo ALL and AML patients 1–21 years of age, treated at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center from 1995–2005. Age at diagnosis, initial WBC, bone marrow blast % on days 0 and 7, were analyzed with ALC on days 0, 15, 21 and 28 of induction therapy. Results: ALC during induction therapy is a significant independent predictor of RFS and OS in young adults and children with either ALL or AML. Specifically, an ALC Conclusion: We demonstrate that ALC can identify patients at high and low risk for relapse early in the course of treatment for ALL or AML. Our data indicates that ALC is both independent of and a more powerful predictor than age at diagnosis, initial WBC and bone marrow response on day 7. This routine measurement could enhance current risk-stratification and lead to improved outcomes in young patients with acute leukemias.
Relative Smoothness for Image Layer Separation by Second Order Laplacian Filter

In this paper address separation of the two layers from single image where layer one is smother than other layer. In the removal of interference reflection and intrinsic image decomposition mostly arises this problem. Decomposition of layers from single input image is ill conditioned and additional constraint is required for enforced solution. For regularizing two layers - we propose a strategy based on the Yu li and Michael s. Brown work- propose an optimization technique that solves regularization within few iterations. We apply propose technique for reflection removal and intrinsic image. Propose technique is quite fast and produced high quality results on par with existing technique. We use MIT dataset, OCT medical image data and on local images.
Separation of americium from europium using 3,3′-dimethoxy-phenyl-bis-1,2,4-triazinyl-2,6-pyridine

The development of liquid–liquid separation processes for the effective removal of minor actinide Am(III) from used nuclear fuel (UNF) using ligand-based strategies continues to be an area of signi...
Perioperative cardiac complications in patients undergoing head and neck free flap reconstruction.

Abstract Background Limited data exists on cardiac complications following head and neck free flaps. Design A retrospective review was performed on patients that underwent free flap reconstruction from 2012 to 2015. Results 368 flaps were performed. 12.5% of patients experienced a cardiac event. Hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, venous thromboembolism, and anticoagulation were associated with cardiac complications. ASA class was not predictive of cardiac events. 7.6% of patients required anticoagulation, which exhibited a strong association with surgical site hematoma. Cardiac complications led to a significantly increased length of stay. Conclusions There is a significant rate of cardiac events in this cohort. When estimating risk, a patient's total burden of comorbidities is more important than any one factor. ASA Class fails to demonstrate utility in this setting. Cardiac events have implications for quality-related metrics including length of stay and hematoma rate.
Technical note: The US Dobson station network data record prior to 2015, re-evaluation of NDACC and WOUDC archived records with WinDobson processing software

Abstract. The United States government has operated Dobson ozone spectrophotometers at various sites, starting during the International Geophysical Year (1 July 1957 to 31 December 1958). A network of stations for long-term monitoring of the total column content (thickness of the ozone layer) of the atmosphere was established in the early 1960s and eventually grew to 16 stations, 14 of which are still operational and submit data to the United States of America's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Seven of these sites are also part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), an organization that maintains its own data archive. Due to recent changes in data processing software the entire dataset was re-evaluated for possible changes. To evaluate and minimize potential changes caused by the new processing software, the reprocessed data record was compared to the original data record archived in the World Ozone and UV Data Center (WOUDC) in Toronto, Canada. The history of the observations at the individual stations, the instruments used for the NOAA network monitoring at the station, the method for reducing zenith-sky observations to total ozone, and calibration procedures were re-evaluated using data quality control tools built into the new software. At the completion of the evaluation, the new datasets are to be published as an update to the WOUDC and NDACC archives, and the entire dataset is to be made available to the scientific community. The procedure for reprocessing Dobson data and the results of the reanalysis on the archived record are presented in this paper. A summary of historical changes to 14 station records is also provided.
The conundrum of subspecies: morphological diversity among desert populations of the California vole (Microtus californicus, Cricetidae)

Author(s): Patton, JL; Conroy, CJ | Abstract: We examined geographic trends in 4 morphological data sets (both craniodental and colorimetric measurements and scores of cranial foramina and qualitative craniodental variables) within and among 5 subspecies of the California vole, Microtus californicus, that occur within or adjacent to the Mojave Desert in eastern California. These analyses are corollary to those previously published on the same samples using both mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences and microsatellite loci. The morphological and molecular data sets are generally concordant in supporting the existing infraspecific taxonomy, although important conflicts are evident. With the combination of data sets, we are able to assign previously unknown samples to these infraspecific taxa. We define and provide an emended diagnosis of each subspecies using the criteria established by Willi Hennig in his 1966 assessment of the qualities and characteristics of infraspecific taxa, which he understood to be fundamentally different than the hierarchical phylogenetic system he established as the conceptual framework for taxa at the species level and above. Hennig's views are contrary to how the subspecies concept has been applied in much of recent mammalian taxonomy.
Detection of Potentially Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity by Remote Image Grading.

Importance Telemedicine in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has the potential for delivering timely care to premature infants at risk for serious ROP. Objective To describe the characteristics of eyes at risk for ROP to provide insights into what types of ROP are most easily detected early by image grading. Design, Setting, and Participants Secondary analysis of eyes with referral-warranted (RW) ROP (stage 3 ROP, zone I ROP, plus disease) on diagnostic examination from the Telemedicine Approaches to Evaluating Acute-Phase Retinopathy of Prematurity (e-ROP) study was conducted from May 1, 2011, to October 31, 2013, in 1257 premature infants with birth weights less than 1251 g in 13 neonatal units in North America. Data analysis was performed between February 1, 2016, and June 5, 2017. Interventions Serial imaging sessions with concurrent diagnostic examinations for ROP. Main Outcomes and Measures Time of detecting RW-ROP on image evaluation compared with clinical examination. Results In the e-ROP study, 246 infants (492 eyes) were included in the analysis; 138 (56.1%) were male. A total of 447 eyes had RW-ROP on diagnostic examination. Image grading in 123 infants (mean [SD] gestational age, 24.8 [1.4] weeks) detected RW-ROP earlier than diagnostic examination (early) in 191 (42.7%) eyes by about 15 days and detected RW-ROP in 123 infants (mean [SD] gestational age, 24.6 [1.5] weeks) at the same time (same) in 200 (44.7%) eyes. Most of the early eyes (153 [80.1%]) interpreted as being RW-ROP positive on imaging evaluation agreed with examination findings when the examination subsequently documented RW-ROP. At the sessions in which RW-ROP was first found by examination, stage 3 or more in 123 infants (mean [SD] gestational age, 24.8 [1.4] weeks) ROP was noted earlier on image evaluation in 151 of 191 early eyes (79.1%) and in 172 of 200 of same eyes (86.0%) ( P = .08); the presence of zone I ROP was detected in 57 of 191 (29.8%) early eyes vs 64 of 200 (32.0%) same eyes ( P = .90); and plus disease was noted in 30 of 191 (15.7%) early eyes and 45 of 200 (22.5%) same eyes ( P = .08). Conclusions and Relevance In both early and same eyes, zone I and/or stage 3 ROP determined a significant proportion of RW-ROP; plus disease played a relatively minor role. In most early RW-ROP eyes, the findings were consistent with clinical examination and/or image grading at the next session. Because ROP telemedicine is used more widely, development of standard approaches and protocols is essential.
Alternative model of space-charge-limited thermionic current flow through a plasma.

It is widely assumed that thermionic current flow through a plasma is limited by a ``space-charge-limited'' (SCL) cathode sheath that consumes the hot cathode's negative bias and accelerates upstream ions into the cathode. Here, we formulate a fundamentally different current-limited mode. In the ``inverse'' mode, the potentials of both electrodes are above the plasma potential, so that the plasma ions are confined. The bias is consumed by the anode sheath. There is no potential gradient in the neutral plasma region from resistivity or presheath. The inverse cathode sheath pulls some thermoelectrons back to the cathode, thereby limiting the circuit current. Thermoelectrons entering the zero-field plasma region that undergo collisions may also be sent back to the cathode, further attenuating the circuit current. In planar geometry, the plasma density is shown to vary linearly across the electrode gap. A continuum kinetic planar plasma diode simulation model is set up to compare the properties of current modes with classical, conventional SCL, and inverse cathode sheaths. SCL modes can exist only if charge-exchange collisions are turned off in the potential well of the virtual cathode to prevent ion trapping. With the collisions, the current-limited equilibrium must be inverse. Inverse operating modes should therefore be present or possible in many plasma devices that rely on hot cathodes. Evidence from past experiments is discussed. The inverse mode may offer opportunities to minimize sputtering and power consumption that were not previously explored due to the common assumption of SCL sheaths.
Design Considerations for Energy-Efficient and Variation-Tolerant Nonvolatile Logic

Systems powered by harvested energy must consume very low power and withstand frequent interruptions in power. Nonvolatile logic (NVL) addresses the latter by saving the system state in flipflops enhanced with spin-transfer torque magnetic tunnel junctions (STT-MTJs) as the nonvolatile storage devices. Manufacturing variations in the STT-MTJs and in CMOS transistors significantly reduce yield, leading to overdesign and high-energy consumption. A detailed analysis of the design tradeoffs in the driver circuitry for performing backup and restore, and a novel method to design the energy optimal driver for a given yield is presented. Next, efficient designs of two nonvolatile flip-flop (NVFF) circuits are presented, in which the backup time is determined on a per-chip basis, resulting in minimizing the energy wastage and satisfying the yield constraint. To achieve a yield of 98%, the conventional approach would have to expend nearly $5\times $ more energy than the minimum required, whereas the proposed tunable approach expends only 26% more energy than the minimum. Also included are the energy consumption of the proposed NVFF designs when used in two larger function blocks. Experimental results were based on a commercial 40-nm process design kit, and HSPICE simulations with foundry supplied statistical models and data.
An Overview of the Theory of the Near-Zone Doppler Effect

It is well known that when an observer in free space is in motion relative to a source of monochromatic electromagnetic radiation, the frequency of radiation as seen by the observer will be higher than that of the source (blue shift) as the source and observer approach each other and will be lower (red shift) as they get farther apart. This effect is known as the “Doppler effect” and was introduced by Christian Doppler in 1843 [1], [2].
Nitric Oxide Dioxygenase: An Ancient Enzymic

Summary Structurally diverse members of the ancient hemoglobin (Hb) superfamily show NO dioxygenase (NOD) activity (EC 1.14.12.17), suggesting a common and primal function for Hbs and myoglobins (Mbs). NO reacts rapidly with the oxy complexes of Hbs, Mbs, flavoHb, truncated Hb, legume Hb, and neuroglobin, generating stoichiometric ferric heme and nitrate, and incorporating both O-atoms of the bound O2. Associated flavin-containing reductases, cytochrome b5, or ascorbate reduce ferric heme to allow O2 rebinding and catalytic turnover. Hb functions as a true enzyme by controlling O2 binding and electrochemistry, by guiding NO diffusion and the dioxygenation reaction, and by shielding reactive Fe III − O 2 • , Fe III − OONO , Fe IV = O , and NO2 intermediates from solvent water and biomolecules. The activity protects against NO toxicity and modulates NO signaling in a variety of life forms. NODs and NOD inhibitors are finding applications in medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology.