cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of metal components in Pd-Cu bimetallic catalysts supported on CeO2 for the oxygen-enhanced water gas shift

Abstract Catalytic hydrogen production and CO removal in a post-reforming process are critical for low-temperature fuel cell applications. The present study aims at clarifying the role of metal components in bimetallic catalysts for oxygen-enhanced water gas shift (OWGS), wherein a small amount of O 2 is added to H 2 -rich reformate gas to enhance CO shift. Among CeO 2 -supported bimetallic catalysts, Pd–Cu and Pt–Cu combinations were found to show strong synergetic promoting effect in OWGS, which leads to much higher CO conversion and higher H 2 yield than WGS at low temperature around 250 °C. Temperature programmed reduction (TPR) showed strong interaction between Pd and Cu in Pd–Cu/CeO 2 by a single reduction peak in contrast to multiple peaks on monometallic Cu/CeO 2 . Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis revealed that such bimetallic Pd–Cu and Pt–Cu form alloy nanoparticles, where noble metal is mainly surrounded by Cu atoms. Oxygen storage capacity (OSC) measurements point to higher resistance of Pd–Cu to oxidation indicating that Pd keeps Cu in reduced state in air pulse condition. From kinetic study, Pd in Pd–Cu was found to promote CO shift, rather than CO oxidation by increasing the number of active sites and by suppressing H 2 activation (that is inherent to monometallic Pd), which minimizes both the inhibition effect of H 2 and the loss of H 2 by oxidation in OWGS. Transient response technique revealed that Cu in Pd–Cu enhances desorption of strongly chemisorbed CO 2 on catalyst surface in contrast to very slow CO 2 desorption from surface of monometallic Pd. Thus, the excellent OWGS activity of Pd–Cu catalyst has been attributed to the complementary roles of the two metals for enhancing CO shift, which is realized by its alloy structure and the accompanying strong interaction between metal components.
OXIDATION AND VOLATILIZATION OF SILICIDE COATINGS FOR REFRACTORY NIOBIUM ALLOYS

Degradation mechanisms relevant to hypersonic environments have been investigated for silicide-coated niobium alloys. To assess the suitability of silicide coatings for possible leading edge, scramjet combustor, and vehicle acreage applications, tests were conducted over a range of oxygen and water vapor partial pressures. X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the composition of oxide phases. Chemical compositions of both the coatings and resulting oxides have been examined using energy dispersive x-ray analysis. Partial pressures of oxygen and water vapor have been found to influence the oxide composition, which may include silica, chromia, iron niobate, and chromium niobate phases. The formation of volatile oxide and hydroxide species also affects oxidation behavior and coating performance. Thermodynamic models of oxidation and volatilization are used to interpret experimental results.
Real time optical correction using electrostatically actuated MEMS devices

Abstract This paper describes an optical correction system made from electrostatically actuated, surface machined micro-electromechanical (MEMS) mirrors. Such MEMS mirrors have applications in optical systems where they are used to correct wavefront aberrations and other image distortions. In our experiments, electrostatic actuators having a maximum surface-normal stroke of 2.5 μm control the individual orientations of each element in an array of 300-μm square mirror segments in the tip-tilt mode. Real time correction of random optical aberrations is demonstrated using a single mirror segment with four independently mounted corners and closed-loop feedback control.
Characterizing the vibration of an elastically point supported rectangular plate using eigensensitivity analysis

Normalized frequencies are computed for a rectangular, isotropic plate resting on elastic supports. The normalized frequencies are determined using eigensensitivity analysis, which approximates the eigenparameters in a Mauclarin series, yielding an approximate closed-form expression. One benefit of the approximate closed-form expression is its computational efficiency and yet another is its application of re-analysis. Accuracy of the approximate expression is assessed by comparing results with the widely used Rayleigh–Ritz method using orthogonal polynomials and beam shape functions in both approaches. Consideration for a variety of edge conditions is given through a combination of simply supported, clamped and free boundary conditions. Results indicate that the accuracy of higher frequencies computed by the sensitivity approach is highly dependent upon choice of basis function.
Innovation, Modularity, and Vertical Deintegration: Evidence from the Early U.S. Auto Industry

Although vertical integration choices have been found to significantly affect firm performance, there has been little empirical study of how such choices are affected by the stage of industry evolution in which firms find themselves. We empirically investigate two possible impacts of increasing modularity on a firm's vertical integration choices. First, we hypothesize that increasing modularity is associated with vertical deintegration because of the high-level standardization of components that dominant designs tend to promote. Second, we posit that firms selling in higher market segments, because they are attempting to differentiate their products by incorporating unique components with less-modular interfaces with other components, will tend to be more vertically integrated than their lower-price rivals. We find evidence for both of these effects in data from the early U.S. auto industry.
Measuring Sense of Community: A Methodological Interpretation of the Factor Structure Debate.

Instability in the factor structure of the Sense of Community Index (SCI) was tested as a methodological artifact. Confirmatory factor analyses, tested with two data sets, supported neither the proposed one-factor nor the four-factor (needs fulfillment, group membership, influence, and emotional connection) SCI. Results demonstrated that the SCI was best described by four factors in combination with two method factors (i.e., one factor including only positively worded items and another including only negatively worded items). Analyses comparing SCI and method factors showed that positively and negatively worded items correlated differently with measures of citizen participation, psychological empowerment, and health-related quality of life. Results indicate that the SCI should be revised to exclude negatively worded items and new positively worded items should be developed and tested. The effects of method variance and alternative solutions to the psychometric issues in the SCI are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The alldifferent Constraint: A Survey

The constraint of difference is known to the constraint pro- gramming community since Lauriere introduced Alice (11) in 1978. Since then, several solving strategies have been designed for this constraint. In this paper we give both a practical overview and an abstract comparison of these different strategies.
Assortative Mating on Ideology Could Operate Through Olfactory Cues

Mates appear to assort on political attitudes more than any other social, behavioral, or physical trait, besides religion. Yet the process by which ideologically similar mates end up together remains ambiguous. Mates do not appear to consciously select one another based on ideology, nor does similarity result from convergence. Recently, several lines of inquiry have converged on the finding that olfactory processes have an important role in both political ideology and mate selection. Here we integrate extant studies of attraction, ideology, and olfaction and explore the possibility that assortation on political attitudes may result, in part, from greater attraction to the scent of those with shared ideology. We conduct a study in which individuals evaluated the body odor of unknown others, observing that individuals are more attracted to their ideological concomitants.
On the morphology and life-history of Monascus [= Haplocladus] Filiformis (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1907 and Steringophorus Furciger (Olsson, 1868) Odhner, 1905 (Trematoda, Fellodistomidae)

Abstract The cercariae of Monascus [= Haplocladus] filiformis (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1907 and Steringophorus furciger (Olsson, 1868) Odhner, 1905 (fam. Fellodistomidae) develop in the bivalves Nucula nitidosa Winckworth and Nuculana [= Leda] minuta (Muller), respectively. Both trematode species may only have two hosts without a stage of metacercaria. The large furcocercous cercaria of M. filiformis is eaten by dab Limanda limanda (L.) in which it matures. The cercaria may also be eaten by gobies, but it does not mature in these fishes. Horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus (L.) is infested by eating infested crystal gobies CrystaUogobius linearis (Duben). The large leptocercous cercaria of S. furciger is eaten by dab L. Limanda in which it matures. The cercariae of M. filiformis and S. furciger are redescribed, and the different developmental stages of both species were studied in the scanning electron microscope. Both species have a corrugated surface without spines. The cercaria and adult M. filiformis do...
Allocating Partnership Income When a Partner's Interests Change

A partner disposing of his partnership interest by sale, liquidation, gift, death or otherwise triggers various tax and year-end closing ramifications to the departing partner, as well as the transferee and/or remaining partners. This article discusses the rules concerning the closing of the partnership year (with respect to the partnership and/or the affected partner(s) and the various methodologies available for allocating items of partnership income, gain, deduction or loss among the partners in the year that one or more partners dispose of all or a part of their interests in the partnership.
Phosphorus: An Alternative for High Capacity Li-Ion Battery Anodes

Greater gravimetric and volumetric electrode capacities could result in battery technologies finding greater use in transportation, industrial equipment, electronics, and electric grid applications. Currently, the volumetric capacities of graphite electrodes used in commercial Li-ion cells approach 500 mAh/cm3, while the volumetric capacities of commercial cathodes approach 700 mAh/cm3. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop high capacity anodes to match or exceed the volumetric capacities of cathodes. Tin (Sn) and silicon (Si) – based anodes have been heavily investigated in recent years, while many other materials have received significantly less attention (1). Phosphorus (P) had attracted very little interest until recent years, perhaps due to its difficulty in handling, but has since been shown to offer high gravimetric capacity and rate capability (2). Furthermore, the theoretical volumetric capacity of P is higher than that of Si (2266 mAh/cm3 for Li3P vs. 2190 mAh/cm3 for Li15Si4) (3,4), and Li3P is known to have high Li+conductivity (5).Here we report on our early investigations of P-based anodes produced using various polymeric binders. The choice of binder material is key to the development of well performing electrodes (6,7). A broad range of binders were tested and analyzed for their impact on the stability and rate performance of phosphorous-carbon composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyze both the structure and chemistry of the anode materials before and after cycling. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to test mechanical properties of polymer binders (such as swelling and stiffness) in electrolyte solvent solution. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) at different rates was used to test both the electrochemical stability of the polymers and performance of P-based anodes, while electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling at different current densities were additionally used to test the electrochemical performance of the final electrodes in half cells. Our results indicate significant promise for P-based anodes in select applications.REFERENCESN. Nitta and G. Yushin, Part. Part. Syst. Char., (2013). J. Qian, D. Qiao, X. Ai, Y. Cao, and H. Yang, Chem. Commun., 48, 8931 (2012).A. Jain, S.P. Ong, G. Hautier, W. Chen, W.D. Richards, S. Dacek, S. Cholia, D. Gunter, D. Skinner, G. Ceder, K.A. Persson, APL Materials, 1, 01002 (2013).F. Zhou, M. Cococcioni, C. Marianetti, D. Morgan, G. Ceder, Phys. Rev. B, 70, 235121 (2004).G. Nazri, Solid State Ionics, 34, 97 (1989).A. Magasinski, B. Zdyrko, I. Kovalenko, B. Hertzberg, R. Burtovyy, C. F. Huebner, T. F. Fuller, I. Luzinov, and G. Yushin, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2, 3004 (2010).I. Kovalenko, B. Zdyrko, A. Magasinski, B. Hertzberg, Z. Milicev, R. Burtovyy, I. Luzinov, and G. Yushin, Science, 334, 75 (2011).
Cognitive-behavioral determinants of pain and disability two years after traumatic injury: A cross-sectional survey study.

Background:Approximately, 2.5 million trauma survivors are hospitalized each year, with the majority experiencing prolonged and profound pain-related disability. The present study investigated the association between fear of movement and pain catastrophizing and pain and physical health 2 years afte
Math word problem solving by English learners and English primary students in an intelligent tutoring system

Math word problem solving in an online tutoring system was compared for high school students who were native speakers of English English primary and their peers who were learning English English learners. Word problems were written in English, the language of instruction. Data records for word problems that had been solved by students in both language groups were located and compared. Results indicated that the English learners were less likely to answer correctly, had more incorrect answer attempts, and took longer per problem on average than English primary students. When word problems were matched for math operation, students in both language groups performed worse on problems with more challenging text. There were no differences for the two language groups with regard to self-reported math motivation, plans to attend college, or off-task 'gaming' behaviour, suggesting that the lower performance of the English learners could not be attributed to lower effort.
Sodium Cluster Ion Recombination Rate Measurements by Radar REMPI

This paper presents non-intrusive measurements of sodium-argon and sodium-nitrogen cluster ion recombination with electrons based on coherent microwave scattering (Radar) from Resonance Enhanced Multi-Photon Ionization (REMPI). The number density of sodium, in a mixture of sodium vapor with argon or nitrogen buffer gas, was determined by direct absorption measurement. Sodium was resonantly ionized by a tunable laser beam in the 2+1 REMPI process. Since the plasma is mainly made of sodium ions in the mixture, the sodium ion clusters are thus formed by the Chaperone process. The dissociative recombination rate of sodium-argon and sodium-nitrogen and the neutral stabilized recombination rate of sodium ions were determined from a least-squares Monte Carlo algorithm (LSM) that fitted the plasma dynamic model to the direct measurement of the total electron number in the laser-induced plasma. At 300 o C, and , the dissociative recombination rate of Na + ∙(Ar) was determined to be and the neutral stabilized recombination rate was determined to be . At 300C, and , the dissociative recombination rate of Na + ∙(N2) was determined to be and the neutral stabilized recombination rate was determined to be .The method can be easily extended to measurements of other cluster ion species over a wide range of temperatures and pressures in various mixture compositions, such as Mg and Ca with N2 and CO2. The results are of fundamental importance to the plasma chemistry field and hypersonic research.
Oyster Shells, Calcite Grit, Ground Limestone, and Granite Grit in Rations for Hens

Abstract BECAUSE the shell of the egg is largely calcium carbonate, the requirement for calcium on the part of the laying hen is considerable. Restricting the calcium entirely causes a rapid decline and final cessation of egg production, accompanied by a general depletion of the body and a decline in the general condition of the hen. Egg shells become progressively thinner before production ceases. Restricting the calcium in part will result in similar conditions but to a lesser degree, depending upon the extent of the deficiency. Oyster shells have been generally used to furnish the calcium for hens and are more or less looked upon by poultrymen as the standard for this purpose. However, when they are not available the question arises as to other possible sources of calcium. Various kinds of limestone have been the chief substitute. However, other sources such as clam shells, mussel shell, cockle shell, coquina shell, . . .
Making the Fair and Equitable Treatment Healthier for the Tobacco Control? A Systemic View on the Possible Tension between the FCTC and Investor Regime

Since the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control entered into force in 2005, tobacco companies face stricter and more active tobacco control measures adopted by contracting parties. They have initiated legal challenges against the implementations of the FCTC under the WTO and investor-state arbitration. Among their claims, fair and equitable treatment is critical. FET is seen in most international investment treaties. Despite its importance and wide discussion in the literature, the way to ensure that a foreign investor’s legitimate expectations can be met in the face of a host State’s changing regulatory system or governmental measures is a long-term unsettled issue. This can partly be attributed to the fact that most investment treaties only contain general provisions on FET. The consequence is that investment tribunals are left with ample room to interpret FET clauses on their own. This increases legal uncertainty for investors and host States. Therefore, the way to deal with such conflict and tension between investors’ protection under FET clauses and the host State’s right to regulate under an international investment agreement is important.In the author’s point of view, tobacco control is a human right protection issue. The author believes that the value of the right to health should override tobacco property/investment rights since the former is a fundamental human right. To help clarifying the correct interpretation and application of FET clauses, this article provides a systematic approach to prevent the host State’s right to protect public health from being unduly interfered with by tobacco industries. This approach is divided into two parts: The “interpretation approach” and the “legislative approach”. The author argues that host States should be able to properly prioritize the public health interest so as to pursue the highest possible level of health for their people.
Trends of hospitalization for schizoaffective disorder (SD) in USA: A nationwide analysis

Objectives Schizoaffective disorder (SD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. While SD has been extensively studied in the past, the contemporary data for impact of SD on cost of hospitalization are largely lacking. Methods We queried the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) dataset between 1998–2011 using the ICD-9 codes. Severity of comorbid conditions was defined by Deyo modification of Charlson comorbidity index. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and secondary outcome was total charges for hospitalization. Using SAS 9.2, Chi 2 test, t -test and Cochran-Armitage test were used to test significance. Results A total of 4,66,800 patients were analyzed; 50.90% were female and 49.10% male ( P P P Conclusions While mortality has slightly increased from 1998 to 2011, the cost has significantly increased from $1.2 billion/year to $6.6 billion/year which leads to an estimated $5.4 billion/year additional burden to US health care system. In the era of cost conscious care, preventing SD related hospitalization could save billions of dollars every year. Focused efforts are needed to establish preventive measures for SD related hospitalization.
Motor Evoked Potential Monitoring for Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumor Surgery

Publisher Summary This chapter investigates motor evoked potential monitoring for intramedullary spinal cord tumor surgery. Motor potentials are evoked by transcranial electrical motor cortex stimulation. With the single-stimulus technique, direct waves are elicited that are recorded from the spinal cord. The intraoperative Motor Evoked Potential (MEP) monitoring techniques currently used for intramedullary surgery are the result of a long and ongoing development to which many individuals have contributed. The parameter monitored in epidural recordings is the peak to peak amplitude of the D wave. It has been shown that a decrease of more than 50% from the base line value is associated with a long-term motor deficit. Muscle MEPs are also elicited with transcranial electrical stimulation. The term kindling has been indiscriminately used in this context. Kindling is an experimental model that refers to the induction of self-perpetuating epileptic foci in experimental animals. It requires daily repeated electrical stimulation at a rate of 50 Hz for several seconds. The D wave amplitude is a measure of the number of synchronized fast conducting fibers in the corticospinal tract.
Covering Disasters, Natural or Otherwise: Media, Politics, and the Public Sphere in Post-Earthquake Turkey

On 17 August 2000, the somber first anniversary of the Marmara earthquake, the mainstream Turkish media found a sole reason for celebration. Alongside lengthy reports of vigils in remembrance of the dead and protests of the state's anemic relief efforts, the media celebrated its partnership with civil society and all but declared an end to a state that was at once heavy-handed and ineffectual. Amplifying this theme, an article that compiled a list of the earthquake's “winners” and “losers” placed the media and civil society in the former category and a host of state agencies charged with disaster response in the latter one. Hurriyet , a high-circulation mainstream newspaper, described this praise as well deserved, stating that journalists had effectively “exposed all the naked truths” of the state's inability to provide for its population.
Rethinking lecture-learning from communicative lenses: a response to forum essays

The essays in this forum are of particular interest for instructors in light of recent articles in The Chronicle of Higher Education and trends in student populations and higher education.First, Th...
Learning Through Living: Intersections of Religion and Gender

This chapter responds to recent calls for the interdisciplinary study of women and education. Specifically, it examines the liberatory power of informal education through religion and religion’s reproduction of gendered relations. It utilizes an interdisciplinary approach based on former sociological research to examine the complexity of interactions among both social structural environments and woman’s ability to move within, between and among these environments for women in Turkey.
Diabetes care provider perceptions on family challenges of pediatric type 1 diabetes

Pediatric healthcare providers' perspectives on barriers to diabetes self-management among youth with type 1 diabetes and strategies to overcome them were explored qualitatively. Family conflict about diabetes care was viewed as a common problem, addressable by behavioral interventions to improve communication and promote family teamwork in diabetes management responsibilities.
A Phosphosite within the SH2 Domain of Lck Regulates Its Activation by CD45

The Src Family kinase Lck sets a critical threshold for T cell activation because it phosphorylates the TCR complex and the Zap70 kinase. How a T cell controls the abundance of active Lck molecules remains poorly understood. We have identified an unappreciated role for a phosphosite, Y192, within the Lck SH2 domain that profoundly affects the amount of active Lck in cells. Notably, mutation of Y192 blocks critical TCR-proximal signaling events and impairs thymocyte development in retrogenic mice. We determined that these defects are caused by hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory C-terminal tail of Lck. Our findings reveal that modification of Y192 inhibits the ability of CD45 to associate with Lck in cells and dephosphorylate the C-terminal tail of Lck, which prevents its adoption of an active open conformation. These results suggest a negative feedback loop that responds to signaling events that tune active Lck amounts and TCR sensitivity.
Analysis on interactive data race checker: IDRC

Parallel programming is becoming more and more prevalent in this era of concurrent programming. Because of the nondeterministic nature of parallel programming, it is notoriously difficult to debug concurrency bugs, moreover attempt to fix one bug may result in deadlock or other concurrency bugs. Though many static and dynamic data race detection tool is proposed in recent years, none of them is interactive in nature. In this context, a tool for early detection of data races while programmer is coding can be extremely valuable. This paper presents “Interactive Data Race Checker” (IDRC) an interactive tool in the form of Eclipse plugin to provide early warning to Java programmer and give opportunity to fix data races before it become too complicated. IDRC runs static analysis whenever it detects any change in Eclipse Java project, creates customized data race marker and provides information about the data race.
Clinical Age-Specific Seasonal Conjunctivitis Patterns and Their Online Detection in Twitter, Blog, Forum, and Comment Social Media Posts

Author(s): Deiner, Michael S; McLeod, Stephen D; Chodosh, James; Oldenburg, Catherine E; Fathy, Cherie A; Lietman, Thomas M; Porco, Travis C | Abstract: PurposeWe sought to determine whether big data from social media might reveal seasonal trends of conjunctivitis, most forms of which are nonreportable.MethodsSocial media posts (from Twitter, and from online forums and blogs) were classified by age and by conjunctivitis type (allergic or infectious) using Boolean and machine learning methods. Based on spline smoothing, we estimated the circular mean occurrence time (a measure of central tendency for occurrence) and the circular variance (a measure of uniformity of occurrence throughout the year, providing an index of seasonality). Clinical records from a large tertiary care provider were analyzed in a similar way for comparison.ResultsSocial media posts machine-coded as being related to infectious conjunctivitis showed similar times of occurrence and degree of seasonality to clinical infectious cases, and likewise for machine-coded allergic conjunctivitis posts compared to clinical allergic cases. Allergic conjunctivitis showed a distinctively different seasonal pattern than infectious conjunctivitis, with a mean occurrence time later in the spring. Infectious conjunctivitis for children showed markedly greater seasonality than for adults, though the occurrence times were similar; no such difference for allergic conjunctivitis was seen.ConclusionsSocial media posts broadly track the seasonal occurrence of allergic and infectious conjunctivitis, and may be a useful supplement for epidemiologic monitoring.
Frequent Versus Infrequent Monitoring of Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressures.

BACKGROUND: Currently there is no accepted standard of practice for the optimal frequency of endotracheal tube cuff pressure monitoring in mechanically ventilated patients. Therefore, we conducted a study to compare infrequent endotracheal tube cuff pressure monitoring (immediately after intubation and when clinically indicated for an observed air leak or due to tube migration) with frequent endotracheal tube cuff pressure monitoring (immediately after intubation, every 8 h, and when clinically indicated). METHODS: We performed a prospective clinical trial with subjects assigned to study groups based on room assignment. The primary outcome was the occurrence of a ventilator-associated event (VAE) and was adjudicated by individuals blinded to the conduct of this study. RESULTS: We enrolled 305 subjects, with 166 (54.4%) assigned to frequent monitoring and 139 (45.6%) assigned to infrequent monitoring. The total number of endotracheal tube cuff pressure monitoring events for both groups was 1,531 versus 336, respectively. The occurrence of VAEs was infrequent and similar for both groups (3.6% vs 5.8%, P = .37). Witnessed aspiration events (0.6% vs 0%, P = .36), ventilator-associated pneumonia (0% vs 0.7%, P = .27), 30-d mortality (31.3% vs 30.2%, P = .83), and hospital length of stay (10 d [6 d, 21 d] vs 11 d [6 d, 21 d], P = .34) were also similar for both study groups. The 30-d hospital readmission rate was statistically lower for the group that received infrequent monitoring (15.1% vs 6.5%, P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: More frequent cuff pressure monitoring was not associated with any identifiable clinical outcome benefit.
Piloting of COPES: An Empirically Informed Psychosocial Intervention on an Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatient Unit

Abstract Objectives: This study evaluated the feasibility and initial efficacy of an empirically informed psychosocial intervention on an adolescent psychiatric inpatient unit. Methods: Data were obtained for 463 adolescents 12–16 years of age on a psychiatric inpatient unit. Information collected included demographics, psychiatric diagnoses, length of inpatient stay, completion of four treatment modules, rehospitalizations, and emergency room visits during 12 months after discharge from index admission. Results: Around 98.70% of patients completed at least one out of the four treatment modules and 93.95% of patients completed two modules. There were no significant barriers to completing treatment modules on the basis of participant characteristics (demographics, psychiatric diagnosis, number of diagnoses, or length of stay). Completion of the four treatment modules, particularly modules on developing a safety plan and enhancing life, predicted lower risk for rehospitalization and emergency room contact i...
Evaluation of deltamethrin-impregnated nets as a protective barrier against Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions

Abstract Thrips are major pests of vegetables and ornamental plants grown under protective structures, and can penetrate all but the finest insect screens; i.e. thrips exclusion screening has recommended hole-diameter
Anatomy, Physiology, and Synaptic Responses of Rat Layer V Auditory Cortical Cells and Effects of Intracellular GABAABlockade

The varied extracortical targets of layer V make it an important site for cortical processing and output, which may be regulated by differences in the pyramidal neurons found there. Two populations...
Modeling human prostate cancer in genetically engineered mice.

The progression of prostate cancer is a slow and multiple-step process; clinically detectable prostate cancer normally manifest in aged men, although the lesions may have originated much earlier in life. Animal models that mimic the initiation, progression, and metastasis of human prostate cancer are needed to understand the etiology of prostate cancer and to develop new treatments. Recent progress in mouse genetic engineering technology has led to generation of a series of mouse models for prostate cancer research, which have been widely used for testing impacts of a single or combinations of several gene alterations on the onset, progression, and metastasis of prostate tumors, as well as for assessing the effects of environmental, clinical, and preclinical drugs for prostate cancer prevention and treatment. Although it is possible that no single “perfect” model can recapitulate every aspects of this highly heterogeneous disease, it is expected that the models mimicking certain aspects of prostate cancers will continue to provide preclinical guide to treat this prevalent disease.
Polymer and Chain End Structure in Anionic Diene Polymerization

The microstructure of the polybutadiene and polyisoprene produced by anionic polymerization is correlated to the structure of the allylic anion of the active chain end. The charge distribution over this anion is affected greatly by changing counterions, the use of solvating solvents, and the presence of cation chelating additives.
Food consumption, neurotransmitter synthesis, and human behaviour.

Fluctuations in the availability to the brain of tryptophan and tyrosine cause major changes in the rates at which neurons synthesize serotonin and the catecholamines respectively. Such changes occur when the pattern of neutral amino acids in the plasma is altered by what has been eaten, the plasma changes inducing parallel changes in the amounts of tryptophan or tyrosine that are transported from blood to brain. Diet-induced changes in plasma choline levels can produce similar changes in acetylcholine synthesis.
Self-Control Interventions That Benefit Executive Functioning and Academic Outcomes in Early and Middle Childhood

Objective and Outcomes: In this paper we describe extant child self-regulation and self-control interventions that benefit executive functioning and academic outcomes. We review interventions that ...
Predicting Audience Preferences for Television Advertisements Using Functional Brain Imaging

Abstract Consistent with the Neuroergonomics approach, brain activities measured in response to viewing of natural stimuli in everyday settings could be used to assess audience preferences. In this study, we record brain activity from a group of naive individuals while viewing popular, previously broadcast television content, Super Bowl advertisements using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a wearable neuroimaging technique that utilizes near infrared light to measure cortical oxygenation changes. Results indicate that brain activation predicts the self-reported rating by a broad audience.
Renal and vascular activity of prolactin preparations. Contamination of prolactin preparations with ADH and implications on renal and vascular prolactin research.

Prolactin, as a “broad spectrum hormone”, has been described to exert also vascular and renal actions in laboratory animals and in humans. However, prolactin preparations of various species are contaminated with neurohypophysial hormones (ADH, oxytocin) which possess vascular and renal activities. Antisera against ADH, oxytocin and prolactin are rather specific inactivators of the biologic activity of the respective hormone; the oxytocinasevasopressinase system of pregnancy plasma destroys ADH and oxytocin. Incubation-identification procedures with antisera against ADH, oxytocin and prolactin and with pregnancy plasma revealed that changes in blood pressure, urine flow and urinary osmolarity cannot be ascribed to prolactin per se but to the ADH impurity of prolactin preparations. Furthermore, recent metabolic studies in normally hydrated, overhydrated and dehydrated animals and humans have shown that prolactin does not affect renal water and electrolyte excretion. Thus, earlier reports on vascular and renal activity of prolactin in laboratory animals and humans should be viewed with great caution. Elimination of neurohypophysial hormone impurities of prolactin preparations by incubation with either ADH and oxytocin antisera or with pregnancy plasma provides techniques for better assessment of the real biologic effects of the prolactin molecule.
Novel approaches targeting mitochondrial fission to deplete stem-like tumor cells in prostate cancer and improve treatment outcomes

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in the United States with 165,000 new cases diagnosed in 2018 (1). It is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in men, with almost 30,000 deaths in 2018 attributed to progressive metastatic disease.
Lateral flow assay using aptamer-based sensing for on-site detection of dopamine in urine.

Abstract A lateral flow assay using DNA aptamer-based sensing for the detection of dopamine in urine is reported. Dopamine duplex aptamers (hybridized sensor with capture probe) are conjugated to 40-nm Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) with 20T linkers. The detection method is based on the dissociation of the duplex aptamer in the presence of dopamine, with the sensor part undergoing conformational changes and being released from the capture part. Hybridization between the complementary DNA in the test line and the conjugated AuNP-capture DNA produces a red band, whose intensity is related to the dopamine concentration. The minimum detectable concentration obtained by ImageJ analysis was
$$(L^{r}, L^{s})$$(Lr,Ls) resolvent estimate for the sphere off the line $$\frac{1}{r}-\frac{1}{s}=\frac{2}{n}$$1r-1s=2n

We extend the resolvent estimate on the sphere to exponents off the line $$\frac{1}{r}-\frac{1}{s}=\frac{2}{n}$$ . Since the condition $$\frac{1}{r}-\frac{1}{s}=\frac{2}{n}$$ on the exponents is necessary for a uniform bound, one cannot expect estimates off this line to be uniform still. The essential ingredient in our proof is an $$(L^{r}, L^{s})$$ norm estimate on the operator $$H_{k}$$ that projects onto the space of spherical harmonics of degree k. In showing this estimate, we apply an interpolation technique first introduced by Bourgain (C R Acad Sci Paris Ser I Math 301(10):499–502, 1985). The rest of our proof parallels that in Huang–Sogge (J Funct Anal 267(12):4635–4666, 2014).
National Metrics Improved Timeliness of Antibiotic Administration for Open Extremity Fractures

Introduction Antibiotics have been shown to be an essential component in the treatment of open extremity fractures. The American College of Surgeons' Trauma Quality Improvement Program, based on a committee of physician leaders including orthopedic trauma surgeons, publishes best-practice guidelines for the management of open fractures. Accordingly, it established the tracking of antibiotic timing as a metric with a plan to use that metric prior to trauma center site reviews. Our hypothesis was that this physician-led effort at the national level would provide the necessary incentive to effect change within our institution. Methods A retrospective review of all patients treated at our institution for open extremity fractures was performed over three time periods separated by two quality initiatives. The first initiative was an institution-driven effort to increase awareness and educate specific departments about the importance of prompt antibiotic administration. The second initiative was the tracking of antibiotic order and administration times with quarterly audits following newly published guidelines. Results Neither antibiotic order placement within one hour nor administration within one hour improved following our first institution-specific initiative. Both outcome measures significantly improved following the second quality initiative, as did median times from arrival to antibiotic order and administration. Conclusion Metrics developed and measured by a physician-led national organization led to practice changes at our hospital. Tracking of antibiotic timing for open fracture treatment was more effective than institutional education of healthcare providers alone. This study suggests that nationally published guidelines, developed and measured by physician leaders, will be found to be relevant by other physicians and can be a powerful tool to drive change. Level of evidence Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Biological Take on Halogen Bonding and Other Non‐Classical Non‐Covalent Interactions

Classical hydrogen bonds have, for many decades, been the dominant non-covalent interaction in the toolbox that chemists and chemical engineers have used to design and control the structures of compounds and molecular assemblies as novel materials. Recently, a set of non-classical non-covalent (NC-NC) interactions have emerged that exploit the properties of the Group IV, V, VI, and VII elements of the periodic table (the tetrel, pnictogen, chalcogen, and halogen bonds, respectively). Our research group has been characterizing the prevalence, geometric constraints, and structure-function relationship specifically of the halogen bond in biological systems. We have been particularly interested in exploiting the biological halogen bonds (or BXBs) to control the structures, stabilities, and activities of biomolecules, including the DNA Holliday junction and enzymes. In this review, we first provide a set of criteria for how to determine whether BXBs or any other NC-NC interactions would have biological relevance. We then navigate the trail of studies that had led us from an initial, very biological question to our current point in the journey to establish BXBs as a tool for biomolecular engineering. Finally, we close with a perspective on future directions for this line of research.
Finite-element modeling of time-domain controlled-source electromagnetic survey with weighted Laguerre polynomials

ABSTRACTTo facilitate the modeling of time-domain controlled-source electromagnetic surveys, we have developed an efficient finite-element method with weighted Laguerre polynomials, which indicates...
Drainage of Soil Profiles

The scaled approximations of Brooks and Corey for water content versus capillary pressure and capillary conductivity versus water content were used to obtain a scalded diffusion function that was dependent only upon the pore-size distribution index, λ. A predictor-corrector finite difference scheme was used to obtain numerical solutions for the scaled differential equation for drainage from vertical soil columns. Results of several numerical solutions were presented for two soil profiles and for two greatly different pore-size distributions. The effects of soil hydraulic properties upon drainage were discussed and used to interpret the term field capacity. Experimental data obtained by several independent investigators were compared with theoretical solutions of discharge as a function of time using the Brooks-Corey approximations. The comparisons between experiment and theory were reasonable and some explanations for lack of agreement were presented.
A novel differential susceptibility gene: CHRNA4 and moderation of the effect of maltreatment on child personality

Background: The differential susceptibility hypothesis states that some genetic variants that confer risk in adverse environments are beneficial in normal or nurturing environments. The cholinergic system is promising as a source of susceptibility genes because of its involvement in learning and neural plasticity. The cholinergic receptor gene CHRNA4 has been linked to characteristics related to the personality traits Neuroticism and Openness/Intellect. Methods: The effects of interaction between CHRNA4 genotype and maltreatment status on child personality were examined in a well matched sample of 339 maltreated and 275 non-maltreated children (aged 8–13 years). Results: Variation in CHRNA4 interacted with childhood maltreatment to predict personality in a manner indicating differential susceptibility. The interaction of CHRNA4 and maltreatment status predicted Neuroticism and Openness/Intellect. Maltreated children with the rs1044396 T/T genotype scored highest on Neuroticism and showed no effect of genotype on Openness/Intellect. Non-maltreated children with this genotype scored lowest on Neuroticism and highest on Openness/Intellect. Conclusion: Variation in CHRNA4 appears to contribute to personality by affecting degree of developmental sensitivity to both normal and adverse environments. Keywords: Personality, genetics, CHRNA4, differential susceptibility, neuroticism, openness/intellect.
The Nature of Residual Stress and its Measurement

The origins of residual stress and changes during fatigue are discussed, A new mechanism for fading is proposed, Pracitcal (destructive and non-destructive) methods for measuring this stress are critically reviewed. Each technique has major problems requiring further study, but acoustic, magnetic and x-ray methods are all poised for more widespread use.
Risk Management and Operational Hedging: An Overview

This chapter, which is based on Chapter 9 in (18), aims to give an introduction and overview of risk management and of the techniques that operations managers can use to mitigate risks. We start the next section by describing the concept of risk management and viewing it as an ongoing 4-step process and integral part of operations strategy. We distinguish operational from financial risk. In section 3, we identify the various operational risks that companies are exposed to. Then we review methodologies to assess and value those risks both qualitatively (using subjective risk maps) and quantitatively (using risk preference functions and risk metrics). The goal of risk assessment is to improve how we react to risk and to proactively reduce our exposure to it. In section 5, we review tactical risk decisions, including risk discovery and risk recovery. The remaining sections of the chapter illustrates strategic risk mitigation, i.e., how operations can be structured to mitigate specific risks. Hedging refers to any action taken to mitigate a particular risk exposure; operational hedging uses operational instruments. Section 7 posits that there are four generic strategies to mitigate risk using operational instruments: 1) reserves and redundancy; 2) diversification and pooling; 3) risk sharing and transfer; and 4) reducing or eliminating root causes of risk. Section 8 reviews financial hedging of operational risk using options and derivatives. Section 9 illustrates how operational hedging can be tailored to the specific operations strategy of the form using techniques such as: tailored redundancy, dynamic pooling with allocation exibility, chaining, and multi-sourcing. Section 10 finishes the chapter by summarizing some guidelines for operational risk management.
Regeneration-like responses in organ culture of adult hamster cheek pouch tissue. A system for studying control of cell division.

Abstract An in vitro organ culture system is described and proposed as a convenient means of studying the control mechanisms of DNA synthesis and cell division. Organ cultures of adult hamster cheek pouch, tongue and ear skin tissue in chemically defined medium exhibit regeneration responses similar to those seen in vivo. Epithelial DNA synthesis increases several fold in the pouch cultures beginning at about 13 h, followed at 28 h by an increase in mitotic activity. Connective tissue DNA synthesis increases later, beginning at about 32 h. Connective tissue mitosis and DNA synthesis are observed at about 32 h. Connective tissue mitosis and DNA synthesis are observed in the cheek pouch layer similar to the hypodermis of skin but do not occur in the layer similar to the dermis. Cells in mitosis at 8 to 12 h consist mostly of those which were in G2 when the culture began. Cells dividing after 32 h synthesized DNA after the initiation of culture. The increase in DNA synthesis first observed at about 13 h was delayed for 3 to 4 h by an initial 3 h treatment with p -fluorophenylalanine or actinomycin D. This indicates that the preparation for DNA synthesis begins soon after the tissue is cut. The major response to injury appears to be a preparation for DNA synthesis by G0 cells (G0 cells re-enter G1). This response occurs in the absence of extrinsic factors such as hormones or tissue extracts. It is concluded that the control mechanism for cell division has its greatest effect on G1 cells. This control determines whether a G1 cell will begin preparation for DNA synthesis or enter a nondividing state (G0) by altering the differential gene expression of the cell. Minor changes in the rate of G0 cells entering mitosis occur and must be explained in any comprehensive control theory but at present we do not know if G2 cells change their gene expression and enter some G0 state or if they are slowed in their progression into mitosis by translational or enzymatic controls.