cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Suture Number Determines Strength of Rotator Cuff Repair

Background: Failure of surgical repair of a rotator cuff tear continues to be a clinical problem. For other tendon repairs, increasing the number of sutures improves both biomechanical performance and clinical outcomes. Several investigators have shown biomechanical advantages of double-row techniques but have used many more sutures than were used with the single-row techniques with which the double-row techniques were compared. The purposes of our study were to establish whether using a greater number of sutures would improve the biomechanical properties of a rotator cuff repair model, and whether using equal numbers of sutures would lead to equivalent results between single and double-row configurations. Methods: Fresh-frozen sheep infraspinatus tendons underwent single-row repair with two, four, or six mattress sutures and double-row repair with use of four mattress sutures. Specimens were pretensioned at 10 N for one minute, then cycled from 10 to 180 N for 200 cycles at 0.2 Hz; this was followed by load to failure. Cyclic gap formation, failure load, and failure type were recorded. Results: The four-suture single-row and four-suture double-row repairs had similar gap formation during cyclic testing, with no significant differences between them. Cyclic gap formation in the two-suture single-row group was 6.7 and 7.1 mm (97% and 109%) greater than that in the four and six-suture single-row groups after 200 cycles (p < 0.001). The average loads to failure of the two, four, and six-suture single-row groups were 274, 362, and 572 N (p < 0.0001). The average load to failure of the four-suture double-row group was 386 N, which was similar to the value in the four-suture single-row group (p = 0.58). Conclusions: In an ovine rotator cuff tendon repair model, increasing the number of sutures decreased cyclic gap formation and increased load to failure. Single and double-row repairs are biomechanically equivalent when the number of sutures is kept constant. Clinical Relevance: The results of this study support the use of greater numbers of sutures in rotator cuff repair and disagree with the assertion that double-row repairs are biomechanically superior to single-row repairs.
Death and Decline of a Rare Cactus in Florida

Abstract Conseola corallicola is a rare cactus that is known from just two islands in Florida, Little Torch Key and Swan Key. The appearance of the cactus-eating moth, Cactoblastis cactorum, in the 1980s, threatened its survival. Outplantings at various locations were made in the 1990s and early in the 21st century to try to boost population sizes in the field and to determine optimal outplanting conditions. Here, I examine the survival of these cacti and compare it to the survival of volunteers around the bases of parent plants at Little Torch Key. I correlate percent survival in all locations with soil nutrients. Survival of recruits in outplantings was lower than that of volunteers around parent plants. Transplant experiments showed the physical act of replanting did not reduce survival. Cacti planted close to individuals of prickly pear cactus, Opuntia stricta, suffered from attack by Cactoblastis as they spilled over from O. stricta onto C. corallicola outplantings. Survival of cacti planted far away...
An Integrated Approach To Teaching Web Development

The growing use of the Internet has led to a steep increase in the demand for web developers who possess web design, database, and programming skills. The demand for these skills is reflected in the new IS2007 model curriculum, which suggests that web developers obtain in-depth knowledge of databases and web programming. While these topics are commonly covered in Information Systems (IS) curricula, they are traditionally taught independently in separate courses, leaving students with a fragmented view of how to integrate the various components of a data-driven web application. Research on learning has shown that activation of existing knowledge is an important step in the learning process. This study shows how a common business case can be used to support the activation of existing knowledge in different classes related to web development. The detailed examples show how to use the same business case to teach database, web design, and programming skills.
DISPERSAL BY YEARLING MALE WHITE-TAILED DEER AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT

Abstract The scale at which populations use the landscape influences ecological processes and management decisions. Dispersal and home-range size define the scale of landscape use for many large-mammal species. We measured dispersal and home-range size of yearling male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in southern Texas, and compared our results to values from the literature to understand the implications of dispersal in management of deer populations. We used radiotelemetry to monitor 22 yearling deer on 1 study site from October 1998 to October 1999, and 27 yearling deer on a second study site from October 1999 to October 2000. On the 2 study sites, 68% and 44% of yearling deer established new areas of use 4.4±1.0 km and 8.2±4.3 km, respectively, from the center of their autumn home range. Yearling males with spike antlers (2 points) were less likely to disperse than yearlings with fork antlers (> 2 points) on 1 study site. Computer simulation showed that the scale at which deer use the landsca...
Controls on the Erosion and Geomorphic Evolution of the San Bernardino and San Gabriel Mountains, Southern California

We have investigated what controls geomorphic evolution of active mountain belts by comparing the patterns of erosion in the San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountains of southern California. These siblings in the Central Transverse Ranges are juxtaposed across the San Andreas fault and have been tectonically uplifted since the late Miocene under roughly similar conditions, yet their geomorphic expressions are very different. Because these ranges share numerous boundary conditions and because their syn-uplift exhumation is constrained by thermochronometric and geologic data, they provide a template to explore the role of specific parameters on the erosion of mountains. To address this, existing constraints on long-term exhumation are synthesized and used to construct best-guess models of erosion patterns in each range. These patterns of erosion are then compared to variables that are generally considered to be important influences on erosion rate. Erosion rate is correlated with topographic slope, suggesting that the two are coupled and that the questions of what controls erosion and what controls topography are interchangeable. Erosion patterns are also strongly influenced by the distribution of active structures, suggesting that deformation alone may be responsible for the observed patterns within each range. However, additional correlations with erosion exist in bedrock erodibility and mean annual precipitation. Altogether, broad differences between the two ranges may be explained by either structure, bedrock erodibility, long-term precipitation, or the greater duration of uplift of the San Gabriel Mountains. All of the boundary conditions that are generally considered important in the erosion of mountains are thus found to be related to erosion patterns in the Central Transverse Ranges. Without a means to isolate the relative influence of each parameters, however, we conclude that geomorphic differences between the ranges are the result of coincidental spatial arrangement of independent variables that are important for sculpting mountains.
A comparison of multiple solutions of focal mechanisms

Abstract The occurrence of focal mechanism solutions of the same earthquake by different authors is examined. Of 42 instances of such multiple solutions for earthquakes which occurred around the borders of the Pacific Ocean, it is found that of 84 possible pairs of multiple solutions agreement is excellent in 8 cases, good in 13, fair in 19, poor in 19, and no agreement in 25. The implication for focal mechanism studies is illustrated by examining the focal mechanism solutions of deep-focus earthquakes under the Sea of Japan.
On Predicting Survival in Prostate Cancer: Using an Extended Maximum Spacing Method at the Change Point of the Semiparametric Ratio Estimator (SPRE)

Prostate cancer is a condition of public health significance in the United States. A new method for predicting survival is derived for the domain around the change point from a semiparametric ratio estimator (SPRE) to predict survival in response to treatment for prostate cancer. Using an extended maximum spacing estimator, the geometric mean of sample spacings from a uniform distribution is derived with known endpoints given at 0 and at the value of the change point from an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression for SPRE. To determine the maximum interval on the ‘x’ axis between point estimates, the maximum spacing estimation method is derived from a continuous univariate distribution where spacing will be defined as gaps between ordered values of the distribution function. The maximum is defined as a single value in the neighborhood of the change point and spacing defined as a function of time. This maximum spacing defines the gaps between point estimates at each time-dependent predicted outcome from the change point and results in a semiparametric ratio estimator that is reliable and repeatable. Performance is discussed through a simulation of change point values for a real application in clinical medicine and, using SPRE, in personalized medicine for a single prostate cancer patient.
Three Mile Island: l'accident et la gestion post-accidentelle

A l'occasion du trentieme anniversaire de l'accident survenu a la tranche 2 de la centrale americaine de Three Mile Island, il est interessant de revenir sur cet evenement qui a constitue un tournant majeur dans l'evolution de l'energie nucleaire dans le monde, en evoquant non seulement l'accident lui-meme, mais aussi la gestion de ses sequelles, sujet moins connu.
Repression-Sensitization and Stress Effects on Maudsley Personality Inventory Scores

Contrary to expectations, 20 sensitizers did not increase their neuroticism scores as a function of induced situational stress. Situational stress did, however, significantly increase extraversion scores of the sensitizers. It was hypothesized that neuroticism scores measure “baseline anxiety” which is relatively unaffected by situational stress. Extraversion scores, however, were hypothesized to be more responsive to situationally induced anxiety. It was hypothesized that the sensitizers responded in a more extraverted fashion as a means of controlling the arousal of situational anxiety.
Optimization of DNA extraction from formalin-fixed tissue and its clinical application in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

The authors report a case of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in which a deletion was determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction using postmortem tissue from a proband who died in 1985, 2 years before the cloning of the dystrophin gene. Several extraction methods were analyzed to determine optimal conditions for recovery of DNA from fixed tissue. Variables examined were tissue lysis times and temperatures, a simple salting-out procedure for purification of DNA, polymerase chain reaction amplification of crude lysate versus purified DNA, and lysis of different tissues and tissue quantities. Extracted DNA was analyzed spectrophotometrically, electrophoretically, and by its suitability for polymerase chain reaction amplification using exon flanking primers of the dystrophin gene. Lysis at 37 °C for less than 24 hours led to the recovery of predominantly low–molecular-weight DNA, which was unsuitable for polymerase chain reaction in this experience. Lysis at 54 °C consistently yielded visible, spoolable quantities of high–molecular-weight DNA in as little as 24 hours. Direct amplification of crude, unpurified lysates was unsuccessful. However, purified samples yielded consistent amplification products. The purification step was simplified by substituting a rapid salting-out procedure for organic extractions.
201 CYTOSOLIC CALCIUM AND ZINC IN CARDIOMYOCYTES OF RATS WITH ALDOSTERONISM: RESPONSE TO SPIRONOLACTONE AND AMLODIPINE COTREATMENT.

Purpose Aldosterone/salt treatment (ALDOST) is associated with increased urinary losses of Ca2+ and Zn, which can be prevented by spironolactone (S), an aldosterone receptor antagonist. The hypercalciuria and hyperzincuria of aldosteronism lead to hypocalcemia and the appearance of secondary hyperparathyroidism and to hypozincemia. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) promotes intracellular Ca2+ overloading in diverse tissues, including the myocardium. In addition, aldosteronism is associated with increased expression and activity of cardiomyocyte L-type Ca2+ channels. We hypothesized that aldosteronism leads to increased cardiomyocyte cytosolic [Ca2+]i and is accompanied by increased cytosolic [Zn2+]i, which could be prevented by S or attenuated by a Ca2+ channel blocker. Methods and Results Cardiomyocytes were harvested by retrograde collagenase perfusion of the isolated, crystalloid-perfused rat heart. Cells were loaded in the dark with a Ca2+ (Fura-2)- or Zn (FluoZin-3)-sensitive fluorescent probe for 1 hour with fluorescence measured, respectively, with a spectrophotometer or flow cytometer. Only viable cells deesterify Fura-2 into its active form; cell membrane integrity, a marker of cell viability, was determined by propidium iodide labeling. Four experimental groups were studied: age-/gender-matched controls (C); 4 weeks aldosterone (0.75 μg/h by minipump) + 1% NaCl in drinking water (A); 4 weeks A + S (150 mg/kg/d by gavage); and 4 weeks A + amlodipine (CCB, 5 mg/kg/d by gavage). We found (p Conclusions Cardiomyocyte [Ca2+]i and [Zn]i each rose in response to aldosteronism. In the case of Ca2+, this occurred via Ca2+ channel entry, which could be blocked by either S or CCB but which do not discriminate between PTH-mediated or increased L-type channel expression. In the case of Zn, a CCB attenuated but did not prevent the rise in [Zn]i, suggesting that Zn transporters are also involved in its entry. The functional significance of Ca2+ and Zn loading of cardiomyocytes in aldosteronism now needs to be addressed and may adversely affect the heart9s electrical behavior and antioxidant defenses.
WE‐AB‐204‐08: Pathway to Developing D&I Program at AAPM

Many efforts have been made to increase diversity in the science workforce. In order for us to be competitive in innovation and ingenuity we need to reach out to any source of intellectual talent. Having greater diversity can only increase the creativity in medical physics. In order for students to succeed academically they need role models and mentors with whom they can identify. Literature has shown that racial and ethnic diversity has both direct and indirect positive effects on the educational outcomes, career advancement and motivation of students. Diversity not only focuses on race, ethnicity and gender, but it can also include socioeconomic status, sexual orientation and more. Underrepresented populations have had low numbers over the years not only in medical physics but also in the sciences in general. With the rapidly changing face of our country we need to address how we attract and train the next generation of scientists to stay competitive. It is necessary to examine the role that diversity and inclusion play in the long term goals of institutions, workplaces and classrooms. To increase innovation we must engage people from all walks of life with different perspectives and life experiences to solve the problems that we will face. Diversity should be viewed as a strategy to achieve our goals instead of acts of good citizenship. Many of today's businesses and corporations have discovered that embracing diversity prepares future leaders in today's global market. This lecture will provide insight to how differences within our society can drive innovation. We will provide an overview of the role diversity and inclusion plays in the clinic, education and research to develop the future workforce in medical physics. Learning Objectives: 1.Understanding the role diversity and inclusion plays in medical physics. 2.The importance of developing education and research strategies for a global workforce. 3.How to develop a roadmap to diversity excellence within AAPM.
Biology of the Blood-Brain and Blood-Brain Tumor Barriers

Abstract The blood-brain barrier (BBB) provides the central nervous system (CNS) with a privileged environment by blocking entry of toxic substances, maintaining optimal concentrations of physiologic molecules, and actively eliminating unwanted substances such as metabolic by-products. The normal BBB is composed of a continuous layer of endothelial cells, constituting the luminal surface of more than 99% of the capillaries of the brain and spinal cord. These cells lack fenestrations and have high resistance tight junctions, which (along with adjacent components of the Neurovascular Unit (NVU)) greatly limit the free passage of molecules. The capillary endothelium within brain tumors has been called the “blood-brain tumor barrier.” This chapter provides a general introduction to BBB-related cellular and molecular biology, physiology, and some relevant therapeutic issues. Topics discussed in this chapter include recent information related to immunology and the BBB, cerebral microdialysis, glioma stem cells, and the “BBB on a chip.” While new strategies are continually being developed, the clinician's ability to administer safe and effective drugs that cross the BBB continues to be a critical issue for patients with malignant gliomas and brain micrometastases.
The Cost of Convenience?: Transaction Costs, Bargaining Power, and Savings Account Use in Kenya

Individuals across the world use high-transaction-cost savings devices even when lower-cost technologies are available. High costs may help savers protect resources from the demands of others. I investigate this hypothesis by randomly assigning ATM cards to 1,100 newly opened bank accounts in rural Kenya. These cards reduced withdrawal fees by 50 percent. While the cards increased overall account use, the positive treatment effect is entirely driven by joint and male-owned accounts. I find evidence that these differences are driven by intrahousehold issues: Household bargaining power is a key mediator of the ATM treatment effect.
The Russian Parliamentary library

(1996). The Russian Parliamentary library. Problems of Post-Communism: Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 65-65.
#Wheresrey?: Toys, spoilers, and the gender politics of franchise paratexts

ABSTRACTThis article presents the hashtag activist movement #wheresrey, along with additional paratextual responses to the controversial lack of Star Wars toys featuring The Force Awakens’ female protagonist, as a rich site of paratextual convergence that allows us to explore the gender politics of media franchises. Specifically, this article suggests a growing need to consider how media industries alternately hail, mobilize, and marginalize their imagined franchise fan bases through paratexts. Although scholarly work on paratexts has explored their gatekeeping functions, this article strives to bring pre-existing paratextual theory in more direct conversation with gendered franchising and fan discourses. At the center of this analysis is a call for a more robust theorization of toys and action figures as the paratextual objects that most consistently and starkly reflect a franchise’s presumed demographics, while still affording a great deal of agency in the creation of user-generated paratexts.
Introduction to Network Biology

In the study of biological systems, complex interactions among biomolecules are often abstracted using network models. Molecular networks describe the organization of various biological processes, including cellular signaling, metabolism, and genetic regulation. These networks are commonly used for a system-level understanding and analysis of biological function. Indeed, research and development efforts focused on such analyses have grown significantly over the past few years. This edited volume provides a detailed description of current models and methods focused on functional characterization of biological networks. In this introductory chapter, we provide a broad overview of molecular network models and their relation to biological function.
Key results from irradiation and post-irradiation examination of AGR-1 UCO TRISO fuel

Abstract The AGR-1 irradiation experiment was performed as the first test of tristructural isotropic (TRISO) fuel in the US Advanced Gas Reactor Fuel Development and Qualification Program. The experiment consisted of 72 right cylinder fuel compacts containing approximately 3 × 105 coated fuel particles with uranium oxide/uranium carbide (UCO) fuel kernels. The fuel was irradiated in the Advanced Test Reactor for a total of 620 effective full power days. Fuel burnup ranged from 11.3 to 19.6% fissions per initial metal atom and time-average, volume-average irradiation temperatures of the individual compacts ranged from 955 to 1136 °C. This paper focuses on key results from the irradiation and post-irradiation examination, which revealed a robust fuel with excellent performance characteristics under the conditions tested and have significantly improved the understanding of UCO coated particle fuel irradiation behavior. The fuel exhibited zero TRISO coating failures (failure of all three dense coating layers) during irradiation and post-irradiation safety testing at temperatures up to 1700 °C. Advanced PIE methods have allowed particles with SiC coating failure that were discovered to be present in a very-low population to be isolated and meticulously examined, which has elucidated the specific causes of SiC failure in these specimens. The level of fission product release from the fuel during irradiation and post-irradiation safety testing has been studied in detail. Results indicated very low release of krypton and cesium through intact SiC and modest release of europium and strontium, while also confirming the potential for significant silver release through the coatings depending on irradiation conditions. Focused study of fission products within the coating layers of irradiated particles down to nanometer length scales has provided new insights into fission product transport through the coating layers and the role various fission products may have on coating integrity. The broader implications of these results and the application of lessons learned from AGR-1 to fuel fabrication and post-irradiation examination for subsequent fuel irradiation experiments as part of the US fuel program are also discussed.
Traumatic events: exploring associations with maternal depression, infant bonding, and oxytocin in Latina mothers.

Childhood and adulthood traumatic experiences negatively impact maternal-infant bonding and increase risk of postpartum depression (PPD). Lower oxytocin levels have also been associated with PPD and compromised mother-infant bonding. Despite advances in these areas of investigation, much of the research has not included Latinas, who are important because they have high rates of fertility, traumatic events, and PPD. To address gaps identified in the literature, we explored associations between traumatic life events, PPD, and bonding subscale scores (e.g., Impaired Bonding, Rejection and Anger, Anxiety about Care) in a sample of 28 Latinas. We also examined associations between these factors and oxytocin (OT). Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were employed to examine differences in subscale scores over time. Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance was used to examine differences in bonding subscale scores and OT by maternal depression status and traumatic events. We also explored interaction effects of traumatic events and OT AUC on bonding subscale scores. Women with PPD at 8 weeks had significantly higher Rejection and Anger subscale scores (p = 0.054) than non-PPD women, where higher scores represent more compromised bonding. Significant differences in Rejection and Anger (p = 0.042) and Anxiety about Care (p = 0.005) by adulthood traumatic histories were observed at 8 weeks postpartum. There was also a significant difference in Anxiety about Care scores at 4 weeks postpartum (p = 0.024) and Impaired Bonding at 8 weeks postpartum (p = 0.041) by trauma events involving an infant. There was a significant interaction between OT and childhood sexual abuse on Impaired Bonding (p = 0.038). We observed differential responses in bonding subscale scores by traumatic histories. Women who experienced a trauma involving an infant had higher compromised bonding scores, whereas those with adulthood traumatic histories, such as intimate partner violence, had lower scores. We also found an interaction between childhood trauma and oxytocin levels on bonding scores, suggesting a physiological response to early abuse that can have implications on mothers’ bonding perceptions. These preliminary results suggest the need for additional research on the long-term emotional and physiological effects of traumatic events occurring prior to parturition.
The Role of Estrogen Sulfotransferase in Leydig Cells

Estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E1) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the sulfo-conjugation and inactivation of estrogens. It is expressed in the adult type of Leydig cells under the control of luteinizing hormone and androgen. Absence of Sultlel in the mouse leads to estrogen-induced Leydig cell hyperplasia and seminiferous tubule atrophy, abnormal accumulation of cholesterol ester and increased sensitivity to estrogen-induced steroidogenic lesion. The biochemical defects in Sultlel-deficient Leydig cells is associated with the induction of scavenger receptor class B type-I (SR-BI), which leads to increased high density lipid-cholesterol uptake, and suppression of CYP17 expression and activity. It is concluded that SULT1E1 plays a physiological role in protecting Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules from excessive stimulation by the testis-produced estrogens and its inhibition by environmental chemicals, as recently demonstrated for derivatives of polychlorinated biphenyl, might have repercussions for human reproductive health.
Behavior-analytic repertoires: Where will they come from and how can they be maintained?

The field of behavior analysis faces a number of issues concerning its existence as a discipline and as a profession, including (a) identification of the knowledge and skills comprising the repertoire of competent behavior analysts, (b) the nature of the curricula that will produce the scientists and practitioners needed by the discipline, (c) identification of the generic professional and social skills required for any successful professional career, (d) academic employment opportunities for behavior analysts, and (e) the maintenance of behavior-analytic repertoires. Recommendations are offered as possible solutions to problems raised with respect to each of these issues.
Evaluation of Oral and Topical Minoxidil Exposures Reported to US Poison Centres from 1985–1991

Minoxidil overdose occurs infrequently and little toxicity data are available. This study examines the epidemiology and clinical toxicity of minoxidil exposures to both tablets and topical solutions. All cases reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) Data Collection System from 1985 to 1991 were reviewed with respect to patient age, reason for and route of exposure, dosage form, co-ingestion, healthcare facility (HCF) referral/admission, treatment and medical outcome. 285 cases were reviewed. 145 (51%) occurred in children less than 6 years of age. 273 (96%) exposures were acute, 239 (84%) were accidental, 224 (79%) occurred via ingestion and 61 (21%) involved co-ingestion. 130 (46%) patients were referred to an HCF and 32 (11%) were admitted. The outcomes were: minor/no effect 59%, moderate 4.2%, major 1.8%, and 1 death. All topical exposures resulted in minor to no effects. Of 224 ingestions, 16 (7.1%) developed significant toxicity defined as moderate/major effects [AAPCC criteria] or death (one case involving tablets). In these 16 cases, 69% were intentional and 13 (81%) involved co-ingestion; the most frequent effects were hypotension (69%), tachycardia (38%) and lethargy (31%); 44% received intravenous fluids and vasopressors. Only 2 cases of hypotension were attributable to minoxidil alone (no history of co-ingested drugs); both responded to intravenous fluids and dopamine. The only death was a suicide, with co-ingestion of hydralazine, prazosin and paracetamol; terminal symptoms were intractable hypotension, coma and pulmonary oedema. It is concluded that significant toxicity after minoxidil exposure, regardless of formulation, is associated with oral administration, intentional exposure and co-ingestion of other agents.
Extended testing with the dot-probe task increases test–retest reliability and validity

The dot-probe task is used to measure attentional biases toward threat. However, the test-retest reliability and validity of the task have been called into question. No studies to date have included an extended number of testing sessions or tailored the task to individual participants by incorporating self-relevant stimuli-doing so may improve reliability. Here, participants provided 10 words that caused them anxiety and 10 neutral words which were incorporated into a dot-probe task for 6 sessions. The test-retest reliability of their bias indices was stronger in bottom-target trials relative to top-target trials and stronger among later relative to earlier sessions. State and trait anxiety were moderately correlated with bias indices in later sessions, but not earlier sessions. Overall reaction time in each session was moderately correlated with state and trait anxiety. These results suggest that including extended testing may facilitate dot-probe task test-retest reliability and validity.
Individual differences in attitudes and perceptions toward posttraumatic growth and illusory growth

Abstract Posttraumatic Growth (PTG), positive psychological change that may arise through the struggle with a highly stressful life event, is theorized to require certain key cognitive processes depicted in a PTG theoretical model. Authenticity of PTG, however, has been debated in literature, raising the awareness of Illusory Growth. We hypothesized that the differences between PTG and Illusory Growth may be explained by characteristics of narcissists' experience with stressors, primarily through positive reevaluation of the stressors for personal gain. The current study investigated perceptions and attitudes toward these different types of growth in a sample of undergraduate students (N = 282). Participants were read vignettes that detailed the experience of PTG and Illusory Growth, and they disclosed their attitudes toward the respective growth types. The participants also completed the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. Results revealed that PTG and Illusory Growth were perceived differently and that the order in which growth types were introduced affected attitudes toward each growth type. Certain narcissistic personality characteristics minimally correlated with perceptions of authenticity of the growth types. Findings have implications for the growing distinction between PTG and Illusory Growth in the literature and for practical attempts to educate about both types of growth.
How is music processed? Tentative answers from cognitive neuroscience

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Music therapists have turned to neuroscience for an explanation of the therapeutic effect of music. Following this interest, the present author conducted a narrative review of...
Future Considerations in Nocturia and Nocturnal Polyuria

Nocturnal polyuria (NP), the most common etiology of nocturia, can be caused by various medical conditions, including cardiovascular disease, obstructive sleep apnea, renal tubular dysfunction, as well as medications (eg, diuretics) and/or behavioral patterns. NP in the absence of underlying medical conditions has been described as NP syndrome and is thought be the result of impaired circadian release of endogenous arginine vasopressin. Desmopressin, a synthetic arginine vasopressin analog, has been shown to be an effective replacement therapy in adults with nocturia due to NP. Further studies on the subset of patients with NP syndrome are warranted to maximize benefit from antidiuretic treatment. In addition, a connection between the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying NP and essential hypertension has been suggested, and hypertension has been shown to be a significant risk factor for nocturia, while an association between NP and brain natriuretic peptide levels has also been reported in patients with nocturia. Hypertension is now viewed as a disorder of blood vessels and treatment is directed at the vasculature rather than the blood pressure, with the latter currently serving as a biomarker for arterial injury. Nocturia is thought to be associated with the beginning of this cardiovascular continuum as studies have reported a link between coronary heart disease and nocturia. Therefore, there is an increasing need to elucidate the complex mechanisms implicated in the association between nocturia and hypertension to promote the development of more individualized therapies for the treatment of nocturia.
Can We Use Critical Congenital Heart Disease (cchd) Screening to Replace Car Seat Testing in Newborns

Purpose: Car Seat Tolerance Screens (CSTS), or Car Seat Tests, have been recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics for all infants born =90 minutes of direct observation in a car safety seat. Failure of CSTS likely has a multifactorial etiology, but one hypothesis is that it is simply a period of monitoring with pulse-oximetry that captures underlying cardiorespiratory …
How Do Lower Federal Courts Attain Instiututuional Legitimacy When They are Largely Unknown to the Public

Political institutions must have some level of public support in order to operate effectively, and this is especially true in a democratic regime (Baum 2003; Carp & Stidham 2001, 2004; Franklin & Kosaki 1995; Marshall 1989). The courts are especially dependent upon the public viewing their actions as legitimate, as they are unelected and thereby unaccountable to the public through democratic mechanisms. As Caldeira and Gibson explain in reference to the U.S. Supreme Court, “The Court lacks an electoral connection to provide legitimacy, is sometimes obliged to stand against the winds of public opinion, operates in an environment often intolerant of those in need of defense and has none of the standard political levers over people and institutions” (1992: 635). Courts therefore rely upon the public viewing their actions as legitimate in order to hand down decisions and obtain compliance with them (Gibson, Caldeira & Spence 2005). This support becomes even more important when a case concerns a potentially controversial issue: courts need the public to see their decisions as legitimate such that they can hand down divisive decisions without fear of a public backlash. “Institutions with adequate legitimacy find that their decisions, even their unpopular decisions, are accepted by their constituency and consequently that compliance is more likely (Caldeira and Gibson 1995, 357). American courts thus rely upon public support to be able to function properly. In addition, the United States is said to be governed by the rule of law, such that all are equal before the law, that law is above men (Ingram 1985), and that judges are charged with both applying the rule of law and defending it. The courts’ need for public support thus grows when we recognize that, in order for the rule of law to function properly in America, citizens must have confidence in the institution designed to protect it (Nardin 2001). For, if this confidence lessens, citizens may not utilize the legal system (Roberts & Stalans 1997) or comply with its rulings (Murphy & Tanenhaus 1968; Tyler 1990; Tyler & Rasinski 1991). We therefore need to understand the degree to which the public has confidence in the courts and views their actions and decisions as legitimate.
Carbohydrate isomer resolution via multi-site derivatization cyclic ion mobility-mass spectrometry

Oligosaccharides serve many roles in extant life and may have had a significant role in prebiotic chemistry on the early Earth. In both these contexts, the structural and isomeric diversity among carbohydrates presents analytical challenges necessitating improved separations. Here, we showcase a chemical derivatization approach, where 3-carboxy-5-nitrophenylboronic acid (3C5NBA) is used to label vicinal hydroxyl groups, amplifying the structural difference between isomers. We explore the applicability of state-of-the-art ion mobility – mass spectrometry (IM-MS) instrumentation in the analysis of derivatized carbohydrates. In particular we focus on the resolving power required for IM separation of derivatized isomers. A recently developed cyclic ion mobility (cIM) mass spectrometer (MS) was chosen for this study as it allows for multi-pass IM separations, with variable resolving power (Rp). Three passes around the cIM (Rp ∼ 120) enabled separation of all possible pairs of four monosaccharide standards, and all but two pairs of eight disaccharide standards. Combining cIM methodology with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments allowed for the major products of each of the 3C5NBA carbohydrate derivatization reactions to be resolved and unequivocally identified.
A pilot study in using virtual reality during theatre rehearsal

In this paper, we discuss a case study in the use of virtual reality (VR) as a tool for actors during the rehearsal process. A treatment group of actors was permitted to explore and practice their movements in virtual environment of their scenic design using an HTC Vive. The actors were then assessed on their confidence level at different points in the rehearsal process, and the findings are presented alongside interview data from the actors. We end with a discussion of the average trends found in our pilot study and conclude with potential struggles and extraneous variables that should be monitored in future studies.
Prison, Where Is Thy Victory? A Black Panther Theology of Mass Incarceration

On 12 July 1969, Huey P. Newton, cofounder of the Black Panther Party, wrote “Prison, Where Is Thy Victory?,” a socialist critique of America’s penal system that focused on its inability to rehabilitate prisoners. Beyond its explicit rejection of American capitalism, his essay, with its very title, also invokes two passages from the Bible—Paul’s epistle to the Corinthians (1 Cor 15:55) and the book of the prophet Hosea (Hos 13:14) —although Newton never elaborates on their allusive force. Intertextually bound to Newton’s title, these biblical passages function as a type of guiding lens through which “full-knowing readers” can engage Newton’s treatment of mass incarceration. This essay provides such an intertextual reading of “Prison” vis-a-vis 1 Cor 15 and Hos 13, with particular attention to the ways Newton’s biblical models simultaneously enrich and complicate interpretations of “Prison.”
EFFICIENT FORTRAN SUBPROGRAMS FOR THE SOLUTION OF ELLIPTIC PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the efficient FORTRAN subprograms for the solution of elliptic partial differential equations. FISHPAK is a package of FORTRAN subroutines that has been developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The package provides a basic capability to automatically produce finite difference approximations to Helmholtz's equation defined on a rectangle in a particular co-ordinate system. Also, there are routines for the more general separable elliptic equation and three-dimensional Helmholtz equation in Cartesian coordinates. The package is comprised of a set of drivers, a set of solvers, and an extensive subpackage for computing Fourier transforms. Drivers are available on two different types of finite difference grids, namely, centered, and staggered. In a centered grid, the physical boundaries coincide with the grid lines, whereas in a staggered grid, the physical boundaries are located at one-half grid spacing away from the grid lines. All drivers use a uniform or equally spaced grids in the given coordinate system.
Utilizing Information Literacy Micro-lessons to Enhance STEM Student Research

This paper introduces information literacy micro-lessons, and their role in STEM coursework. Micro-lessons are a high-impact, low-effort means to incorporate practical skills such as information literacy and research ethics into a course to enhance student learning. The authors discuss lessons learned from implementation at the Colorado School of Mines, provide examples of successful lessons and provide guidance to faculty and librarians on enhancing their curriculum with micro-lessons.
Vector Forward Mode Automatic Differentiation on SIMD/SIMT architectures

Automatic differentiation, back-propagation, differentiable programming and related methods have received widespread attention, due to their ability to compute accurate gradients of numerical programs for optimization, uncertainty quantification, and machine learning. Two strategies are commonly used. The forward mode, which is easy to implement but has an overhead compared to the original program that grows linearly with the number of inputs, and the reverse mode, which can compute gradients for an arbitrary number of program inputs with a constant factor overhead, although the constant can be large, more memory is required, and the implementation is often challenging. Previous literature has shown that the forward mode can be more easily parallelized and vectorized than the reverse mode, but case studies investigating when either mode is the best choice are lacking, especially for modern CPUs and GPUs. In this paper, we demonstrate that the forward mode can outperform the reverse mode for programs with tens or hundreds of directional derivatives, a number that may yet increase if current hardware trends continue.
Structural (at 100 K) and DFT studies of 2'-nitro-flavone.

The geometry of the title mol­ecule [systematic name: 2-(2-nitro­phen­yl)-4H-chromen-4-one], C15H9NO4, is determined by two dihedral angles formed by the mean plane of phenyl ring with the mean planes of chromone moiety and nitro group, being 50.73 (5) and 30.89 (7)°, respectively. The crystal packing is determined by π–π inter­actions and C—H⋯O contacts. The results of DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6–31G* level of theory provided an explanation of the unusually large dihedral angle between the chromone moiety and the phenyl group. The electrostatic potential map on the mol­ecular surface was calculated in order to determine the potential binding sites to receptors.
Application of Computer Vision for Estimation of Moving Vehicle Weight

Heavy vehicle weights need to be closely monitored for preventing fatigue-induced deterioration and critical fractures to highway infrastructure, among many other purposes, but development of a cost-effective weigh-in-motion (WIM) system remains challenging. This paper describes the creation and experimental validations of a computer vision-based non-contact WIM system. The underlining physics is that the force exerted by each tire onto the road is the product of the tire-road contact pressure and contact area. Computer vision is applied (1) to measure the tire deformation parameters so that the tire-roadway contact area can be accurately estimated; and (2) to recognize the marking texts on the tire sidewall so that the manufacturer-recommended tire inflation pressure can be found. In this research, a computer vision system is developed, which is comprised of a camera and computer vision software for measuring tire deformation parameters and recognizing the tire sidewall markings from images of individual tires of a moving vehicle. Computer vision techniques such as edge detection and optical character recognition are applied to enhance the measurement and recognition accuracy. Field experiments were conducted on fully loaded or empty concrete trucks and the truck weights estimated by this novel computer vision-based non-contact WIM system agreed well with the curb weights verified by static weighing. This research has demonstrated a novel application of the computer vision technology to solve a challenging vehicle WIM problem. Requiring no sensor installation on the roadway or the vehicle, this cost-effective non-contact computer vision system has demonstrated a great potential to be implemented.
Magnetic nanowires for quantitative detection of biopolymers

Magnetic nanowires (MNWs) rank among the most promising multifunctional magnetic nanomaterials for nanobarcoding applications, especially biolabeling, owing to their nontoxicity and remote excitation using a single magnetic source. Until recently, the first-order reversal curve (FORC) technique has been broadly used to study the MNWs for biolabeling applications. However, since FORC measurements require many data points, this technique is very slow which makes it inapplicable for clinical use. For this reason, we recently developed a fast new framework, named the projection method, to measure the irreversible switching field (ISF) distributions of MNWs as the magnetic signature for the demultiplexing of magnetic biopolymers. Here, we illustrate the ISF distributions of several MNWs types in terms of their coercivity and interaction fields, which are characterized using both FORC and projection methods. Then, we explain how to tailor the ISF distributions to generate distinct signature to reliably and quantitatively demultiplex the magnetically enriched biopolymers.
Cobalt-based magnetic Weyl semimetals with high-thermodynamic stabilities

Recent experiments identified Co3Sn2S2 as the first magnetic Weyl semimetal (MWSM). Using first-principles calculation with a global optimization approach, we explore the structural stabilities and topological electronic properties of cobalt (Co)-based shandite and alloys, Co3MM’X2 (M/M’ = Ge, Sn, Pb, X = S, Se, Te), and identify stable structures with different Weyl phases. Using a tight-binding model, for the first time, we reveal that the physical origin of the nodal lines of a Co-based shandite structure is the interlayer coupling between Co atoms in different Kagome layers, while the number of Weyl points and their types are mainly governed by the interaction between Co and the metal atoms, Sn, Ge, and Pb. The Co3SnPbS2 alloy exhibits two distinguished topological phases, depending on the relative positions of the Sn and Pb atoms: a three-dimensional quantum anomalous Hall metal, and a MWSM phase with anomalous Hall conductivity (~1290 Ω−1 cm−1) that is larger than that of Co2Sn2S2. Our work reveals the physical mechanism of the origination of Weyl fermions in Co-based shandite structures and proposes topological quantum states with high thermal stability.
Mandibular Surgical Procedures

The purpose of this chapter is to present various surgical procedures that can be used in the treatment of a retrognathic mandible that can contribute to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by decreasing the oropharyngeal airway. The maxilla is commonly retruded with a high occlusal plane angle facial morphology. This combination of skeletal deformity can displace the tongue posteriorly into the oropharyngeal space severely compromising the functional airway. Patients with OSA may benefit from double jaw orthognathic surgery to advance the maxillomandibular complex forward usually with a counterclockwise rotation that will predictably increase the oropharyngeal airway. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) surgery may also be indicated to correct coexisting TMJ pathology for predictable and stable outcomes. This chapter focuses only on various mandibular osteotomies that may be incorporated in the management of the adolescent and adult OSA patients. Maxillary osteotomy techniques are presented in another chapter. Particular attention is directed toward the mandibular ramus sagittal split osteotomy, as this is the primary osteotomy technique used for advancing the mandible.