cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The mumps incidence prediction by multiple seasonal ARIMA model

Objective To establish a multiple seasonal ARIMA model,a time series analysis,for predicting the mumps incidence trend in Wuhan in 2013,and explore the application of ARIMA model for mumps incidence prediction.Methods Reported mumps monthly incidence in Wuhan from January 2005 to December 2012 were collected from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. A multiple seasonal ARIMA model was established using the"Expert Modeler"in PASW Statistics 18. 0 to predict mumps monthly incidence in 2013 in Wuhan. Results The residual series of the ARIMA( 0,1,0)( 0,1,1)12model established were white noise,indicating that the ARIMA model was credible and could fit time series well. According to the ARIMA model,the peak of the mumps monthly incidence in 2013would appear in May,June and July,and the secondary peak would appear in November and December. Conclusion The multiple seasonal ARIMA model was successfully established using the Expert Modeler and could provide a good fit.However,the factors related to the measures of prevention and control of mumps should be fully considered and comprehensively analyzed in the practical work before putting forward theoretical and empirical suggestions for prevention and control work.
Guanabenz and methyldopa on hypertension and cardiac performance

In previous placebo-controlled studies, guanabenz was shown to be a safe and effective antihypertensive drug without acute effects on cardiac function. In view of its therapeutic advantages, a double-blind comparison of guanabenz with methyldopa was performed in a group of 36 patients over 6 mo. Both drugs produced statistically and clinically significant decreases in blood pressure with similar side effects. No laboratory or electrocardiographic abnormalities were found other than positive Coombs' tests which developed in 3 patients during methyldopa therapy. Cardiac performance in 26 of the patients, as measured by noninvasive techniques, showed no significant changes from either drug except for a progressive and statistically significant increase in systolic time interval (QS2) and the ratio of the pre-ejection period to left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET) during methyldopa therapy. For an additional 6 mo, continued efficacy and safety were shown under open conditions in those patients who had received guanabenz. The study suggests that guanabenz may be an important new antihypertensive drug because of effectiveness, absence of adverse cardiac effects, and paucity of side effects.
Open channel block of human heart hKv1.5 by the beta-subunit hKv beta 1.2.

Voltage-gated K+ currents in human heart are likely to derive from multisubunit complexes of pore-forming alpha-subunits with one or more auxiliary beta-subunits. We recently cloned a novel beta-su...
"If You Don't Know, All of a Sudden, They're Gone": Caregiver Perspectives About Prognostic Communication for Disabled Elderly Adults.

Objectives To describe preferences and experiences of caregivers of disabled older adults regarding being included in patient-clinician discussions about life expectancy. Design Qualitative interview study. Setting Caregivers were recruited from a Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE), caregiver support groups and an advertisement on a nationwide caregiver advocacy group website. Participants Active and bereaved caregivers whose primary language was either English or Cantonese who had provided care within the last 5 years to a disabled adult aged 65 and older (N = 42, 79% female, 60% white, average age 54). Measurements Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with caregivers who were asked about experiences and preferences related to clinician communication about life expectancy, including preferences for and attitudes toward being included in discussions about life expectancy, how such information should be delivered, and how clinicians should address concerns about uncertainty and hope. Responses were analyzed qualitatively using constant comparison until thematic saturation was reached. Results Twenty-six percent of caregivers had been involved in a conversation with a clinician about life expectancy, even though 79% expressed a preference to have such a discussion. According to caregivers, clinician concerns about taking away hope or the uncertainty of prognostic information should not deter them from bringing up the topic of life expectancy. Thematic analysis suggested several approaches that may facilitate prognosis communication: establishing a relationship with the caregiver and care recipient; delivering the prognosis in clear, plain language; and responding to emotion with empathy. Conclusion Caregivers reported a preference for being included in conversations about a care recipient's life expectancy.
Developments in Decontamination Technologies of Military Personnel and Equipment

Individual protection is important for warfighters, first responders and civilians to meet the current threat of toxic chemicals and chemical warfare (CW) agents. Within the realm of individual protection, decontamination of warfare agents is not only required on the battlefield but also in laboratory, pilot plants, production and agent destruction sites. It is of high importance to evaluate various decontaminants and decontamination techniques for implementing the best practices in varying scenarios such as decontamination of personnel, sites and sensitive equipment.
Causes For the Need of Rural Banks

The opening of RRBs in rural areas is a new and philosophical experiment; with the object to mobilise productive activities in rural India. In order to make this experiment successful, they are being operated by persons with rural aptitude.
Effect of transition metal substitution on elastoplastic properties of LiMn 2 O 4 spinel

LiMn2O4 (LMO) derivatives partially substituted with transition metals (e.g., Ni) have received attention for their higher energy density achieved at higher charge voltage than pure LMO, and may be attractive cathode candidates for emerging all solid state batteries. Accurate mechanical properties of these high voltage spinels are required for prediction of electrode and electrolyte fracture that may compromise battery lifetime and performance. Here, we quantified the Young’s elastic modulus E and hardness H for LMO, LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 (LMNO), and LiMn1.5Ni0.42Fe0.08O4 (LMNFO) spinel microparticles via instrumented grid nanoindentation. Elastic modulus E and hardness H increased by more than 40% (up to 145 and 11 GPa, respectively) as a result of Ni or Ni/Fe substitution; such substitution also reduces the lattice parameter and increases the oxidization state of Mn. These results demonstrate how changes in transition metal occupancy can significantly affect the mechanical properties of LMO spinel, and provide critical parameters for designing against fracture in all solid state batteries.
OCCURRENCE OF BACILLUS CEREUS IN SELECTED DRY FOOD PRODUCTS1,2

One hundred seventy samples of dried food products in national distribution were examined for the incidence and level of contamination by Bacillus cereus. Twenty-five per cent of the samples yielded B. cereus at a level not exceeding 4000 per gram. Mannitol-egg yolk-polymyxin (MYP) agar was used as a presumptive test for the presence of B. cereus in the food samples. Various biochemical tests for the confirmation of suspicious colonies appearing on MYP agar were evaluated. A precipitin test employing spore precipitinogens was investigated as a confirmatory test for B. cereus. The possible role of B. cereus in outbreaks of foodborne disease in the United States is discussed.
Military Camp Out Intervention

The intervention presented assists military children whose parent(s) are deploying for an extended period of time. The objective behind the intervention is to develop the child’s understanding and ...
Levodopa Improves Psychiatric Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease More Than Dopamine Agonists (P04.195)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of introducing L-dopa and dopamine agonists on psychiatric symptoms in Parkinson9s disease (PD). BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety are common in PD and associated with worse quality of life (QoL). The effects of dopaminergic medications on psychiatric symptoms are poorly understood. DESIGN/METHODS: The sample comprised 428 PD patients starting either L-dopa or a dopamine agonist. The Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18; depression, anxiety, somatization, and global psychiatric index (GSI) subscales), health-related QoL (SF-12) and Unified Parkinson9s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) were administered at two consecutive visits, pre- and post-medication initiation. Ratings were compared from baseline (pre) to post-drug initiation using paired t-tests. Changes were compared between medication groups using unpaired t-tests. RESULTS: Patients initiating agonists were younger (59.8 vs. 65.9Y), less impaired on motor UPDRS (24.2 vs 26.8), and more frequently taking antidepressants/anxiolytics (24% vs. 13%) than L-dopa initiators. Baseline levels of depression and anxiety were comparable. Following L-dopa introduction (n=262) there was improvement in BSI-depression (-1.7, p=.03), anxiety (-2.7, p CONCLUSIONS: A longitudinal comparison of the effects of introducing L-dopa versus agonists shows that L-dopa results in greater benefits in psychiatric and motor symptoms. L-dopa may be useful in the treatment of psychiatric symptoms in PD. Disclosure: Dr. Mcallister has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gruber-Baldini has nothing to disclose. Dr. Anderson has received personal compensation for activities with Boehringer Ingelheim R11 as a consultant and expert medical exaluation. Dr. Anderson has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity as Section editor for Current Treatment Options in Neurology. Dr. Reich has received royalty payments from Informa Publishers. Dr. Reich has received research support from NINDS, Chiltern, Synosia, and Phytopharm. Dr. Fishman has received personal compensation for activities with Pfizer Inc, Forest Laboratories, Inc., Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceuticals, Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Novartis, and Allergan, Inc., as a speaker. Dr. Fishman has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Neura. Dr. Weiner has received personal compensation for activities with Santhera and Rexahn. Dr. Weiner has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Neurological Reviews and Current Treatment Options in Neurology. Dr. Weiner has received research support from Teva Neuroscience, Boehringer-Ingelheim and Merck Serono. Dr. Shulman has received personal compensation for serving as Editor of the AAN Neurology Now patient book series. Dr. Shulman has received research support from the NIH, Fox Foundation and Teva Pharmaceuticals.
A (Microsoft) Word to the Wise--Beware of Footnotes and Gray Areas: The Seventh Circuit Continues to Count Words

The Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure limit the length of a written brief. This article examines the limits in place and addresses a Seventh Circuit decision involving such limits.
Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Viability, Proliferation, and Morphology is Dependent on Mesh Size and Storage Modulus in 3D Poly(ethylene glycol)-Based Hydrogels

Oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for generating myelin, an electrically insulating layer around neuronal axons. When myelin is damaged, neurons are incapable of sustaining normal communications, which can manifest in patients as pain and loss of mobility and vision. A plethora of research has used biomaterials to promote neuronal regeneration, but despite the wide implications of a disrupted myelin sheath, very little is known about how biomaterial environments impact proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) or their differentiation into myelinating oligodendrocytes. This work investigates how the storage modulus and mesh size of a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based hydrogel, varied via two different mechanisms, directly affect the proliferation of two OPC lines encapsulated and cultured in 3D. Viability and proliferation of both OPC lines was dependent on hydrogel swelling and stiffness, where the concentration of ATP increased more in the more compliant ge...
Practical Superdirectivity With Resonant Screened Apertures Motivated by a Poynting Streamlines Analysis

Fundamental limits on the degree of practical achievable superdirectivity for antennas include narrow bandwidth, large antenna loss, and sensitivity to excitation and fabrication errors. Superdirective antennas are commonly considered as transmitters, but thinking of the antenna as a receiver may help to understand and overcome some of these limits on practical superdirectivity. We directly model a superdirective antenna in receive mode by calculating streamlines of Poynting vector field near the receiving antennas. Superdirectivity is achieved by expanding the shape of the effective area beyond the antenna physical aperture area. The degree of superdirectivity is parameterized by an effective area expansion distance. The theory predicts that superdirectivity is practical for electrically small and middle size antennas and electrically large antennas with a large aspect ratio. With this motivation, a $1.5\lambda \times 2\lambda $ superdirective horn antenna with resonant screen structure in front of the antenna aperture is designed and fabricated. The superdirective horn achieves a measured antenna efficiency of 115% over a reasonable bandwidth and with moderate sensitivity to fabrication errors.
The Eisenstein ideal with squarefree level

Abstract We use deformation theory of pseudorepresentations to study the analogue of Mazur's Eisenstein ideal with squarefree level. Given a prime number p > 3 and a squarefree number N satisfying certain conditions, we study the Eisenstein part of the p-adic Hecke algebra for Γ 0 ( N ) , and show that it is a local complete intersection and isomorphic to a pseudodeformation ring. We also show that, in certain cases, the Eisenstein ideal is not principal and that the cuspidal quotient of the Hecke algebra is not Gorenstein. As a corollary, we prove that “multiplicity one” fails for the modular Jacobian J 0 ( N ) in these cases. In a particular case, this proves a conjecture of Ribet.
A Case-Control Study of the Association between Vitamin D Levels and Gastric Incomplete Intestinal Metaplasia

Aim: Low circulating vitamin D levels are associated with gastric adenocarcinoma, but whether vitamin D levels are associated with premalignant gastric mucosal changes is unknown. Here, we determined associations between vitamin D levels and gastric incomplete intestinal metaplasia, a known gastric adenocarcinoma risk factor. Methods: This was a retrospective, unmatched, case-control study comparing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels among subjects with gastric incomplete intestinal metaplasia (cases; n = 103) and those without gastric incomplete intestinal metaplasia (controls; n = 216). The 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were categorized as normal (30–100 ng/dL), vitamin D insufficiency (VDi; 20–29 ng/dL), and vitamin D deficiency (VDd; <20 ng/dL). Using multivariable logistic regression, odds ratios (ORs) were calculated and adjusted to age, gender, ethnicity, body mass index, history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus, and timing of vitamin D collection to assess associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and gastric incomplete intestinal metaplasia. Results: A majority of case subjects were male, Hispanic, and did not have hypertension or diabetes mellitus. The average serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was significantly lower in the intestinal metaplasia group than the control group (19.7 ng/dL vs. 34.7 ng/dL; p < 0.001). Hypovitaminosis D was more common in subjects with incomplete intestinal metaplasia in a multivariable regression model (OR 54.1, 95% CI 21.8–134.3; p < 0.001). VDd (OR 129.0, 95% CI 43.7–381.2; p < 0.001) and VDi (OR 31.0, 95% CI 11.9–80.3; p < 0.001) were more common in patients with incomplete intestinal metaplasia than healthy subjects, with VDd slightly more prevalent than VDi (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.7–9.6; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are more common in patients with gastric incomplete intestinal metaplasia than healthy subjects and may play a role in the development of premalignant phenotypes related to gastric adenocarcinoma.
David Oliver: Should advance care planning enter the mainstream?

Contact with the acute care system, especially repeated contact, is often a sign that life expectancy is limited. Around a third of adult patients in an NHS acute bed are in the last year of their lives, although many won’t know it, and nor can doctors necessarily predict it. About 40% of over 65s will die within 12 months of leaving hospital.\[1\] \[2\] Those with severe frailty are four times more likely to die within 12 months. You might think, when someone is becoming very frail or has a life limiting condition diagnosed, that this would open the way for specific decisions about end-of-life care and its limits. Yet such advance care …
Development of a protocol to phenotype sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) for resistance to bacterial canker

Abstract Suppression of bacterial canker disease of sweet cherry caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss), utilizing resistant scion and rootstock varieties holds promise as a cost-effective management strategy. However, a reproducible and rapid method for screening large breeding populations for resistance to Pss poses a challenge. Sweet cherry cultivars Bing, Sweetheart, Regina, Moreau, Emperor Francis and Rainier were used to examine the effects of Pss isolate, inoculum concentration (1 × 102 to 1 × 108 cfu/ml), leaf age (collected from the tip, middle or base of the shoot) and inoculation assay method (attached versus detached leaf) on disease development. Disease severity was influenced significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by inoculum concentration and the virulence of the Pss isolate. An inoculum concentration of 1 × 108 cfu/ml provided the best disease response in both leaf assays and is recommended for disease screening. Also, a significant Pss isolate x cultivar effect was observed suggesting that proper selection of Pss isolate for disease screening is critical. Disease severity was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater for newly expanding leaves in detached assays than for leaves classified as young or old. Disease response among cultivars for attached and detached leaf assays was significantly correlated (r = 0.53, P = 0.002), but the detached leaf assay provided better separation in disease severity among cultivars. We conclude that the genotypic variation in disease response among sweet cherry germplasm can be differentiated based on a detached assay using new leaves, a highly virulent Pss isolate, and an inoculum concentration of 1 × 108 cfu/ml.
Fundamentals of optical spectroscopy

Abstract: This chapter discusses the electronic, vibrational, and rotational spectroscopy of atoms and molecules, and the relationship between the concentration of a species and its spectral intensities. The different types of radiative transitions and spectral broadening mechanisms are discussed. A brief review of energy levels and selection rules for radiative transitions and hence allowed spectroscopic transitions for both atoms and molecules are presented. The determination of the plasma temperature and the temperatures of molecular degrees of freedom from spectroscopic observations is addressed. The effect of spectral congestion is illustrated through the display of simulated spectra at different resolutions.
Constant Speed Flight Conditions with Normal Acceleration; Pull-Ups

This chapter discusses constant speed flight conditions with normal acceleration. It discusses the load factor, pitch damping, maneuver point and maneuver margin, and stick-free maneuver point and stick force per g . The chapter focuses on a series of flight conditions that involve different wing lift coefficients ( C L s) and angles of attack but in which the velocity is constant, instead of varying with C L . In this new set of conditions, for different C L , the actual lift in pounds is different. The lift acting is defined in terms of a load factor n . The flight conditions considered in the chapter involve momentarily constant angle of attack and C L . But between the members of the family, C L , α, and n are different. These are so-called steady pull-ups, in which the pilot is imagined to hold momentarily constant α and constant V with the flight path on the arc of a circle. Only the part of the circle that is nearly horizontal is considered so that the weight force is nearly in line with the lift.
City Learning: Evidence of Policy Information Diffusion from a Survey of U.S. Mayors

Most studies of policy diffusion attempt to infer the processes through which policies spread by observing outputs (policy adoptions). We approach these issues from the other direction by directly ...
Initial Results From An Opioid Dependence Whole Exome Sequencing Study

Abstract It is well known that the risk of opioid dependence (OD) is genetically influenced. Several GWAS, including ours, have succeeded at identifying common risk variants for OD. We undertook the present whole exome sequence (WES) study to identify associations for OD risk with variants not readily genotypable by microarray. So far, >1600 WES have been completed: >1100 European Americans (EAs) and >500 African Americans (AAs). Using the WES data, we conducted single variant (score) and gene-based (SKAT-O) tests in these subjects, with DSM-IV OD diagnosis and DSM-IV criterion count as outcomes. After Bonferroni correction for the number of single SNP tests, one variant was significantly associated with both outcomes in EAs in the gene NRXN3. NRXN3 is of great biological interest due to its role in neuronal synapse function and has been associated with risk for both alcohol and opioid dependence. The MAF of NRXN3 rs368371631 was 2.7% overall (~10% in exposed controls and 0.4% in cases). It was not identified as a risk marker in our GWAS studies because it is not on any of the imputation reference panels available; it is in a low coverage area and only appears in one of the two primary sequencing databases. One variant in DMPK was significantly associated with OD in AAs. In addition to being the putative gene for myotonic dystrophy, DMPK is thought to play a role in synaptic plasticity. Gene-based tests identified an additional seven protein-coding genes that were significantly associated, including NLGN2 and PRDM12, which are promising biological candidates. NLGN2 has a role in reinforced activity-dependent inhibitory, but not excitatory, synaptic responses. PRDM12 has been shown to control sensory neuron development and pain perception in a Xenopus model and to be essential to pain perception in humans; variation in this locus can cause clinical insensitivity to pain. However, to our knowledge this gene has not previously been implicated in the risk of OD or any other substance use disorder. Our preliminary results support the utility of WES in an OD case/control study, most notably implicating PRDM12 in a gene-based test.
Examining the feasibility, acceptability, and potential utility of mobile distress screening in adult cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE A common method of distress monitoring in cancer patients relies on static and retrospective data collected in-person at the time of a health care provider appointment. Relatively little work has examined the potential usefulness of mobile distress monitoring using cancer patients' smartphones. The current study deployed longitudinal distress monitoring using secure text messaging. METHODS In an observational study, a total of 52 cancer patients receiving active cancer treatment (Mage = 58, 62% female) received a text message once a week for 4 weeks. Text messages contained a secure link to complete online the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), a commonly used distress screener. RESULTS Cancer patients completed a distress screener 75% of the time they received a text message. On average, it took less than a minute to complete each mobile distress screener. Geolocation data indicated that cancer patients completed distress screeners across a range of locations. Analyses of model fit of distress scores indicated significant heterogeneity in variability of distress scores over time and across cancer patients (AIC = 630.5). Quantitative feedback from cancer patients at the end of the study indicated high ease of use, ease of learning, and satisfaction of completing mobile distress screeners. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the use of secure text messaging to monitor longitudinal, out of clinic, distress in cancer patients. Findings also highlight the importance of mobile-based approaches to distress screening in order to maximize opportunities to intervene.
Power calculation in stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial with reduced intervention sustainability effect

ABSTRACTThe stepped-wedge design for pragmatic clinical trials has received increased attention in health service-related research seeking to evaluate the effect of interventions. Compared with the...
Aortic Valve Calcification as a Predictor of Post-Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Pacemaker Dependence

Background: Atrioventricular block requiring permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation is a common complication of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The mechanism of atrioventricular (AV) block during TAVR is not fully understood, but it may be due to the mechanical stress of TAVR deployment, resulting in possible injury to the nearby compact AV node. Aortic valve calcification (AVC) may worsen this condition and has been associated with an increased risk for post-TAVR PPM implantation. We performed a retrospective analysis to determine if AVC is predictive for long-term right ventricular (RV) pacing in post-TAVR pacemaker patients at 30 days. Methods: A total of 262 consecutive patients who underwent TAVR with a balloon-expandable valve were analyzed. AVC data were derived from contrast-enhanced computed tomography and characterized by leaflet sector and region. Results: A total of 25 patients (11.1%) required post-TAVR PPM implantation. Seventeen patients did not require RV pacing at 30 days. Nine of these 17 patients had no RV pacing requirement within 10 days. The presence of intra-procedural heart block (P = 0.004) was the only significant difference between patients who did not require PPM and those who required PPM but they were not RV pacing-dependent at 30 days. Non-coronary cusp (NCC) calcium volume was significantly higher in patients who were pacemaker-dependent at 30 days (P = 0.01) and a calcium volume of > 239.2 mm 3 in the NCC was strongly predictive of pacemaker dependence at 30 days (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.813). Pre-existing right bundle branch block (RBBB) (odds ratio (OR) 105.4, P = 0.004), bifascicular block (OR 12.5, P = 0.02), QRS duration (OR 70.43, P = 0.007) and intra-procedural complete heart block (OR 12.83, P = 0.03) were also predictive of pacemaker dependence at 30 days. Conclusions: In patients who required PPM after TAVR, quantification of AVC by non-coronary leaflet calcium volume was found to be a novel predictor for RV pacing dependence at 30 days. The association of NCC calcification and PPM dependence may be related to the proximity of the conduction bundle to the non-coronary leaflet. Further studies are necessary to improve risk prediction for long-term RV pacing requirements following TAVR. Cardiol Res. 2020;11(3):155-167 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/cr1011
MVA Vector Vaccines Inhibit SARS CoV-2 Replication in Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts of Transgenic Mice and Prevent Lethal Disease

Replication-restricted modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a licensed smallpox vaccine and numerous clinical studies investigating recombinant MVAs (rMVAs) as vectors for prevention of other infectious diseases have been completed or are in progress. Two rMVA COVID-19 vaccine trials are at an initial stage, though no animal protection studies have been reported. Here, we characterize rMVAs expressing the S protein of CoV-2. Modifications of full length S individually or in combination included two proline substitutions, mutations of the furin recognition site and deletion of the endoplasmic retrieval signal. Another rMVA in which the receptor binding domain (RBD) flanked by the signal peptide and transmembrane domains of S was also constructed. Each modified S protein was displayed on the surface of rMVA-infected human cells and was recognized by anti-RBD antibody and by soluble hACE2 receptor. Intramuscular injection of mice with the rMVAs induced S-binding and pseudovirus-neutralizing antibodies. Boosting occurred following a second homologous rMVA but was higher with adjuvanted purified RBD protein. Weight loss and lethality following intranasal infection of transgenic hACE2 mice with CoV-2 was prevented by one or two immunizations with rMVAs or by passive transfer of serum from vaccinated mice. One or two rMVA vaccinations also prevented recovery of infectious CoV-2 from the lungs. A low amount of virus was detected in the nasal turbinates of only one of eight rMVA-vaccinated mice on day 2 and none later. Detection of subgenomic mRNA in turbinates on day 2 only indicated that replication was abortive in immunized animals.
Revisiting time to translation: implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in cancer control.

Previous studies estimate translation of research evidence into practice takes 17 years. However, this estimate is not specific to cancer control evidence-based practices (EBPs), nor do these studies evaluate variation in the translational process. We examined the translational pathway of cancer control EBPs. We selected five cancer control EBPs where data on uptake were readily available. Years from landmark publication to clinical guideline issuance to implementation, defined as 50% uptake, were measured. The translational pathway for each EBP was mapped and an average total time across EBPs was calculated. Five cancer control EBPs were included: mammography, clinicians’ advice to quit smoking, colorectal cancer screening, HPV co-testing, and HPV vaccination. Time from publication to implementation ranged from 13 to 21 years, averaging 15 years. Time from publication to guideline issuance ranged from 3 to 17 years, and from guideline issuance to implementation, − 4 to 12 years. Clinician’s advice to quit smoking, HPV co-testing, and HPV vaccination were most rapidly implemented; colorectal cancer screening and mammography were slowest to implement. The average time to implementation was 15 years for the five EBPs we evaluated, a marginal improvement from prior findings. Although newer EBPs such as HPV vaccination and HPV co-testing were faster to implement than other EBPs, continued efforts in implementation science to speed research to practice are needed.
Increasing Background Ozone in Surface Air Over the United States

The long-term trend of background O3 in surface air over the United States from 1980 to 1998 is examined using monthly probability distributions of daily maximum 8-hour average O3 concentrations at a large ensemble of rural sites. Ozone concentrations have decreased at the high end of the probability distribution (reflecting emission controls) but have increased at the low end. The cross-over takes place between the 30th and 50th percentiles in May-August and between the 60th and 90th percentiles during the rest of the year. The increase is statistically significant at a 5% level in spring and fall, when it is 3-5 ppbv. The maximum increase is in the Northeast. A possible explanation is an increase in the O3 background transported from outside the United States. Better understanding of the causes of the increase is needed because of its implications for meeting O3 air quality standards.
Surface Electron Dynamics in TiO2 Probed by Ultrafast XUV Spectroscopy: Understanding the Role of O Vacancy Defects

Using XUV reflection-absorption spectroscopy, we study the ultrafast surface electron dynamics in TiO2 with emphasis on the role of O vacancies and excitation wavelength. We identify unique photoexcited states as a function of excitation wavelength.
Phytoremediation of contaminants of emerging concern from soil with industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.): a review

The presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in wastewater treatment plant effluents is a significant underlying health risk and environmental concern. CECs consist of a wide variety of contaminants, including pharmaceuticals and personal care products, hormones, steroids, alkyl-phenols, flame retardants and pesticides. Their impact is of particular relevance to agricultural settings due to CEC uptake and accumulation in food crops and consequent diffusion into the food-chain. Meanwhile, marijuana reform is accelerating in the US, based on the scope and pace of legalization efforts and on wider acceptance in polls of voters. In this review, the effectiveness of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in phytoremediation and hyperaccumulation of organic contaminants (e.g., benzo(a)pyrene, Naphthalene, and Chrysene) and heavy metal (e.g., Selenium and Cobalt) from either aqueous solutions or contaminated soils has been reviewed. The potential of industrial hemp as a renewable resource to biodegrade and/or decontaminate CECs is explored. Disposal strategies of this new phytoremediation crop that promote circular economy are also discussed. According to this current review, we believe the use of industrial hemp for phytoremediation is promising to have a sustainable, environmentally friendly and economically viable future.
De-extinction and Gene Drives: The Engineering of Anthropocene Organisms

Advances in gene reading, gene synthesis, and genome editing are making possible a number of radical new practices for transforming animal futures in the Anthropocene. De-extinction may make it possible to bring back lost species. Gene drives may enable the sending of desirable traits through wild populations of organisms. The hype accompanying these promises can make each of them look ethically irresistible. This chapter investigates the ‘speculative ethics’ that has arisen around these technologies, asking questions about both their viability and the approach to animals they contain. Reductive and non-relational thinking is identified as one potential problem with the thinking behind these techniques. The neglect of non-human agency is identified as another. After indicating some of the problems these two ways of conceptualizing an animal and its genome can create, a brief suggestion is made about how to better conceptualize animal futures in the Anthropocene.
Coupling the chemical reactivity of bimetallic surfaces to the orientations of liquid crystals

The development of responsive soft materials with tailored functional properties based on the chemical reactivity of atomically precise inorganic interfaces has not been widely explored. In this communication, guided by first-principles calculations, we design bimetallic surfaces comprised of atomically thin Pd layers deposited onto Au that anchor nematic liquid crystalline phases of 4′-n-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (5CB) and demonstrate that the chemical reactivity of these bimetallic surfaces towards Cl2 gas can be tuned by specification of the composition of the surface alloy. Specifically, we use underpotential deposition to prepare submonolayer to multilayers of Pd on Au and employ X-ray photoelectron and infrared spectroscopy to validate computational predictions that binding of 5CB depends strongly on the Pd coverage, with ∼0.1 monolayer (ML) of Pd sufficient to cause the liquid crystal (LC) to adopt a perpendicular binding mode. Computed heats of dissociative adsorption of Cl2 on PdAu alloy surfaces predict displacement of 5CB from these surfaces, a result that is also confirmed by experiments revealing that 1 ppm Cl2 triggers orientational transitions of 5CB. By decreasing the coverage of Pd on Au from 1.8 ± 0.2 ML to 0.09 ± 0.02 ML, the dynamic response of 5CB to 1 ppm Cl2 is accelerated 3X. Overall, these results demonstrate the promise of hybrid designs of responsive materials based on atomically precise interfaces formed between hard bimetallic surfaces and soft matter.
Changes in Opioid Prescribing Following the Implementation of State Policies Limiting Morphine Equivalent Daily Dose in a Commercially Insured Population.

BACKGROUND Prescription opioid mortality doubled 2002-2016 in the United States. Given the association between high-dose opioid prescribing and opioid mortality, several states have enacted morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD) policies to limit high-dose prescribing. The study objective is to evaluate the impact of state-level MEDD policies on opioid prescribing among the privately insured. METHODS Claims data, 2010-2015 from 9 policy states and 2 control states and a comparative interrupted time series design were utilized. Primary outcomes were any monthly opioid use and average monthly MEDD. Stratified analyses evaluated theorized weaker policies (guidelines) and theorized stronger policies (passive alert systems, legislative acts, and rules/regulations) separately. Patient groups explicitly excluded from policies (eg, individuals with cancer diagnoses or receiving hospice care) were also examined separately. Analyses adjusted for covariates, state fixed effects, and time trends. RESULTS Both guideline and strong policy implementation were both associated with 15% lower odds of any opioid use, relative to control states. However, there was no statistically significant change in the use of high-dose opioids in policy states relative to control states. There was also no difference in direction and significance of the relationship among targeted patient groups. CONCLUSIONS MEDD policies were associated with decreased use of any opioids relative to control states, but no change in high-dose prescribing was observed. While the overall policy environment in treatment states may have discouraged opioid prescribing, there was no evidence of MEDD policy impact, specifically. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms through which MEDD policies may influence prescribing behavior.
An evaluation of short anxiety measures for use in the emergency department

Abstract Background The emergency department (ED) is a stressful environment for children. Few studies assess pediatric anxiety in the ED. “Gold standard” for measuring state-anxiety, Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-C state), is lengthy and of limited use in this setting. Objective The objective was to evaluate agreement between STAI-C, Likert, and modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS) and determine if shorter measures may be adequate replacements for STAI-C in the ED. Methods This is a secondary analysis of data from a previous observational cohort study of a convenience sample of children 5–17 years old presenting to the ED. Anxiety was measured using STAI-C, Likert, and m-YPAS. Spearman correlations were used to evaluate agreement between STAI-C and the brief scales. A sub-analysis evaluated agreement between scales for children ≥9 years old to assess the impact of age. Results Eighty children were included. Median (IQR) STAI-C state score was 32.5 (30.0, 37.8). This represents moderate state anxiety with 30% of children exhibiting elevated state anxiety. Median (IQR) Likert score was 2.0 (1.0, 2.0). Correlation between the Likert and STAI-C was moderate (rs = 0.51; p 0.05). For children ≥9 years old, correlation between Likert and STAI-C remained moderate (rs = 0.52; p 0.05). Conclusions Children in the ED experienced moderate-elevated state anxiety. Likert scale may be an acceptable substitute for STAI-C state. Further studies of this scale will aid in identifying patients with anxiety to facilitate timely management.
Review of Vector Control Systems

Both the direct and indirect field orientation schemes presented in Chapter 4 have specific advantages and disadvantages. The direct scheme requires use of flux sensors installed inside the motor and spoiling the ruggedness of the machine. Instead of the delicate Hall sensors, the so-called search coils can be used which allow the airgap flux measurement to be performed by integrating the induced voltage. These, however, are useless at low speeds, which result in an excessively long integration time. The indirect approach to field orientation is based on sensing the position of the rotor, again a frail arrangement, and, most of all, it is very sensitive to motor parameters. Incorrect knowledge of these leads to significant deterioration of the operation of the drive system. Therefore, a tremendous amount of research has been conducted to develop viable vector control systems for induction motors in commercial applications. This effort is far from being concluded, and only time will show which of the large variety of solutions proposed every year in scores of papers will survive the test of practical implementation. In effect, only a general review of the existing vector control systems can be attempted in this book.
Mutational Analysis of the Relative Orientation of Transmembrane Helices I and VII in G Protein-coupled Receptors

Currently, detailed structural information about the arrangement of the seven transmembrane helice (TM I-VII) present in all G protein-coupled receptors is still lacking. We demonstrated previously that hybrid m2/m5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors which contain m5 sequence in TM I and m2 sequence in TM VII were unable to bind significant amounts of muscarinic radioligands (Pittel, Z., and Wess, J. (1994) Mol. Pharmacol. 45, 61-64). By using immunocytochemical and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques, we show in the present study that these pharmacologically inactive mutant receptors are present (at high levels) on the surface of transfected COS-7 cells. Strikingly, all misfolded m2/m5 hybrid receptors could be pharmacologically rescued by introduction of a single point mutation into either TM I (m5Thr37--> m2Ala30) or TM VII (m2Thr423--> m5His478). All our experimental data are consistent with the notion that the two altered threonine residues face each other at the TM 1/TM VII interface in the pharmacologically inactive m2/m5 hybrid receptors, thus interfering with proper helix-helix packing. Our data provide the first experimental evidence as to how TM I and TM VII are oriented relative to each other and also strongly suggest that the TM helices in G protein-coupled receptors are arranged in a counterclockwise fashion (as viewed from the extracellular membrane surface).
Robustness analysis of LTI systems with structured incrementally sector bounded nonlinearities

This paper addresses the stability analysis of a negative feedback interconnection of a multivariable linear time-invariant system and a structured time-invariant incrementally sector bounded nonlinearity. The classic Zames-Falb multiplier (1968) is extended to the multivariable case and is approximated arbitrarily closely by linear matrix inequalities. The problem of finding the multiplier that provides the largest stability bound then becomes a convex optimization problem over state space parameters. The method is also applied to symmetric incrementally sector bounded structured nonlinearities and provides an upper bound for the generalized structured singular value. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.
Global DNA methylation and extracellular matrix remodeling in aortic smooth muscle versus endothelial cells in hyperhomocysteinemia (1120.5)

Introduction: Homocysteine (Hcy) is a byproduct of DNA methylation. Increased levels of Hcy (HHcy) have been shown to induce smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and inhibit endothelial cell prol...
Immunopathogenic events in acute infection of rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques.

Abstract Infection of the rhesus monkey with simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (SIVmax) was employed to explore the early immune events associated with the initial containment of an acute AIDS virus infection. In nine rhesus monkeys infected intravenously with uncloned SIVmac strain 251, high-level p27 plasma antigenemia was usually detected transiently from approximately day 7 through day 21 following virus inoculation. SIVmac replication in lymph nodes measured by in situ RNA hybridization closely paralleled the time course and magnitude of viremia. The containment of SIVmac spread by 3 to 4 weeks following infection suggests an efficient, early immune control of this virus infection. Anti-SIVmac antibodies were first detected in the blood at approximately day 14. At the time antigenemia was decreased or cleared, SIVmac neutralizing antibodies were present. A rise in circulating and lymph node CD8+ T cells also occurred coincident with the clearance of antigenemia and persisted thereafter. These CD8+ lymphocytes in lymph nodes had increased expression of both major histocompatibility complex class II and the adhesion molecule LFA-1; they also demonstrated decreased expression of the naive T-cell-associated CD45RA molecule. SIVmac-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors were detected in both blood and lymph node by 7 days post-virus inoculation. These studies indicate that both virus-specific humoral and cellular immune mechanisms in blood and lymph node are associated with the clearance of viremia that occurs within the first month of infection of rhesus monkeys with SIVmac.
THE USE OF A GYRATORY TESTING MACHINE IN THE EVALUATION OF COLD-RECYCLED ASPHALT PAVING MIXTURES

This study evaluated the feasibility of using the gyratory testing machine in the fixed roller mode for evaluating the long-term behaviour of cold-recycled asphalt mixtures. Cold recycled asphalt mixtures were compacted with the gyratory machine, and gyratory strain indices were obtained from the gyrograph recorded during the compaction process. The resilient modulus, Hveem stabilometer r value, and Marshall stability were obtained on the compacted recycled mixes at various curing times and were correlated to the gyratory strain indices. The scope of the study presented in this paper covered two types of pavement material and five types of added softening agents, which included a high-float asphalt emulsion ae-150, a foamed asphalt and the rejuvenating agents, reclamite, mobilsol, and dutrex 739. The results of the study indicated that the gyratory stability index (gsi) and the gyratory elasto-plastic index (gepi) could be used to detect unstable mixtures when the binder content was too high. The gsi and gepi correlated fairly well with the Hveem stabilometer r value of the recycled mix. However, they correlated poorly with the resilient modulus and Marshall stability of the recycled mix. Similar to the r-value test, the gyratory testing machine can be used to determine the optimum binder content of a cold-recycled mix. The scope of this study was limited to the use of the gyratory testing machine in the fixed roller mode. Tests using the oil filled roller mode had not been conducted in this investigation. For the covering abstract of the symposium see IRRD 286635. (Author/TRRL)
Detailed geometrical modeling of Jupiter's Io‐related decametric radiation

The paper compares observational results of Jupiter's decametric radiation with the beaming directions predicted by emission of a wide-angle conical sheet of radiation. Using the conical beaming model, beaming directions were calculated assuming a source region above the planetary surface along the Io-affected magnetic flux tube at a point where the electron gyrofrequency is equal to the radiated frequency. The analysis is based on the octupolar magnetic field models from the Pioneer 11 measurements, and an apparent displacement of the flux tube 20 deg ahead of the Io orbital position produces agreement between the calculated and observed positions of the sources. The longitudinal extents of the three main sources are approximated by limiting radiation to points where the angle between the magnetic field vector at the point of emission and the Zenographic equatorial plane is at a minimum. For lower frequencies the Io-dependent radiation is emitted at all longitudes, and the beaming model concurs with this conclusion when all cutoffs are eliminated.