cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-term survival of dialysis patients in the United States with prosthetic heart valves: Should ACC/AHA practice guidelines on valve selection be modified?

Background— Minimal data exist on the long-term survival of dialysis patients after cardiac valve surgery. Current practice guidelines of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on the management of patients with valvular heart disease proscribe the use of bioprosthetic (tissue) valves in hemodialysis patients. Methods and Results— Dialysis patients hospitalized for heart valve replacement surgery from 1978 to 1998 were retrospectively identified from the US Renal Data System database. Long-term survival was estimated by the life-table method. The impact of demographic differences and comorbidity on outcome were examined in a Cox proportional hazards model. The in-hospital mortality of 5858 dialysis patients undergoing valve surgery was 20.7%. Aortic valve replacement was performed in 3415 patients (58%), mitral valve replacement in 1848 patients (32%), and combined aortic and mitral valve replacement in 562 patients (10%). Tissue valves were used in 881 patients. There wa...
Comment on: Takeda et al. Loss of ACE2 Exaggerates High-Calorie Diet–Induced Insulin Resistance by Reduction of GLUT4 in Mice. Diabetes 2013;62:223–233

We read with interest the recent article by Takeda et al. (1) suggesting a beneficial role of ACE type 2 (ACE2) in type 2 diabetes. We would like to share our recent observations (2) complementing this work. Takeda et al. showed that lack of ACE2 did not affect baseline glycemia, as reported previously (3), but promoted impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance when the mice were fed a hypercaloric diet. Surprisingly, this diet failed to increase fasting glucose, triglycerides, and blood pressure …
EFFECTS OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT ON BIRD COMMUNITIES IN LOWLAND RIPARIAN AREAS OF COLORADO (USA)

Riparian areas in western North America have been characterized as centers of avian diversity, yet little is known about the ways that native species in streamside habitats are affected by development nearby. To address this issue, we examined patterns of habitat use by birds during the 1995-1997 breeding seasons at 16 lowland riparian sites representing an urban-to-rural gradient. As development increased, riparian woodlands tend- ed to have fewer native trees and shrubs, less ground and shrub cover, higher tree densities, and greater canopy closure. Bird species richness also declined as urbanization increased in the surrounding landscape. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that mea- sures of settlement intensity best explained variation in habitat use by riparian birds, al- though some residual variation was accounted for by differences in woodland understory features. Migrant and low-nesting species were associated with lower-than-average levels of development, whereas resident and cavity-nesting species tended to increase with ur- banization. In partial CCA analyses, however, local habitat variables explained twice the variation that measures of settlement did; nearly half of all explained variation could be attributed to local and landscape variables simultaneously. For avian guilds based on mi- gratory, nesting, and foraging behavior, regression analyses showed that the best variables for explaining patterns of habitat use were usually those that reflected levels of urbanization, particularly at broad scales. When the effects of local habitat variation were removed, however, the best variables for explaining residual variation in habitat use tended to describe development at relatively fine scales, especially for species that nested or foraged low for insects or seeds. These species were also the most sensitive to human trail use. Our analyses indicated that bird communities and local habitat conditions in riparian areas were both affected by development in the surrounding landscape. It may be possible to mitigate the negative impacts of human settlement on native birds in streamside woodlands by main- taining or restoring vegetation structure and composition, and by imposing limits on human recreational activity in these habitats.
Regulation of Membrane-Shape Transitions Induced by I-BAR Domains

I-BAR proteins are well-known actin-cytoskeleton adaptors and have been observed to be involved in the formation of plasma membrane protrusions (filopodia). I-BAR proteins contain an all-helical, crescent-shaped IRSp53-MIM domain (IMD) dimer that is believed to be able to couple with a membrane shape. This coupling could involve the sensing and even the generation of negative plasma membrane curvature. Indeed, the in vitro studies have shown that IMDs can induce inward tubulation of liposomes. While N-BAR domains, which generate positive membrane curvature, have received a considerable amount of attention from both theory and experiments, the mechanisms of curvature coupling through IMDs are comparatively less studied and understood. Here we used a membrane-shape stability assay developed recently in our lab to quantitatively characterize IMD-induced membrane-shape transitions. We determined a membrane-shape stability diagram for IMDs that reveals how membrane tension and protein density can comodulate the generation of IMD-induced membrane protrusions. From comparison to analytical theory, we determine three key parameters that characterize the curvature coupling of IMD. We find that the curvature generation capacity of IMDs is significantly stronger compared to that of endophilin, an N-BAR protein known to be involved in plasma membrane shape transitions. Contrary to N-BAR domains, where amphipathic helix insertion is known to promote its membrane curvature generation, for IMDs we find that amphipathic helices inhibit membrane shape transitions, consistent with the inverse curvature that IMDs generate. Importantly, in both of these types of BAR domains, electrostatic interactions affect membrane-binding capacity, but do not appear to affect the curvature generation capacity of the protein. These two types of BAR domain proteins show qualitatively similar membrane shape stability diagrams, suggesting an underlying ubiquitous mechanism by which peripheral proteins regulate membrane curvature.
Quantitative evaluation of wind turbine faults under variable operational conditions

Wind turbines have been widely used for clean and renewable electricity generation. The maintenance costs of wind turbines constitute a significant portion of the total cost of the generated electricity. Thus, health management systems are increasingly needed to reduce the maintenance costs and improve the reliability of wind turbines. This paper proposes a novel framework for quantitative evaluation of faults and health conditions of wind turbines using generator current signals. A synchronous resampling algorithm is designed to handle nonstationary current signals for fault feature extraction. The extracted fault features are used to reconstruct new signals, whose correlation dimensions are then calculated by using the Grassberger-Procaccia algorithm for fault and health condition evaluation of the wind turbines. Experimental studies are carried out for a wind turbine in the healthy condition and two faulty conditions. Results show that the proposed framework can not only detect the faults but also quantify different health conditions for the wind turbine.
Parallel thinking

Assuming that the multicore revolution plays out the way the microprocessor industry expects, it seems that within a decade most programming will involve parallelism at some level. One needs to ask how this affects the the way we teach computer science, or even how we have people think about computation. With regards to teaching there seem to be three basic choices: (1) we only train a small number of experts in parallel computation who develop a collection of libraries, and everyone else just uses them; (2) we leave our core curriculum pretty much as is, but add some advanced courses on parallelism or perhaps tack on a few lectures at the end of existing courses; or (3) we start teaching parallelism from the start and embed it throughout the curriculum with the idea of getting students to think about parallelism as the most natural form of computation and sequential computation as a special case.This talk will examine some of the implications of the third option. It will argue that thinking about parallelism, when treated in an appropriate way, might be as easy or easier that thinking sequentially. A key prerequisite, however, is to identify what the core ideas in parallelism are and how they might be layered and integrated with existing concepts. Another more difficult issue is how to cleanly integrate these ideas among courses. After all much of the success of sequential computation follows from the concept of a random access machine and its ability to serve as a simple, albeit imperfect, interface between programming languages, algorithm analysis, and hardware design. The talk will go through an initial list of some core ideas in parallelism, and an approach to integrating these ideas between parallel algorithms, programming languages, and, to some extent, hardware. This requires, however, moving away from the concept of a machine model as a interface for thinking about computation.
Unconstitutionality of Article 57, Section II, Paragraph a) of the Code of Military Justice and Legitimation of the Injured Party and His Family to Present an Appeal for the Protection of Constitutional Rights

Mexican Supreme Court ruling on application of human rights principles to the Mexican Code of Military Justice
PULSED-FOCUSING RECIRCULATING LINACS FOR MUON ACCELERATION*

Since the muon has a short lifetime, fast acceleration is essential for high-energy applications such as muon colliders, Higgs factories, or neutrino factories. The best one can do is to make a linear accelerator with the highest possible accelerating gradient to make the accelerating time as short as possible. However, the cost of such a single linear accelerator is prohibitively large due to expensive power sources, cavities, tunnels, and related infrastructure. As was demonstrated in the Thomas Jefferson Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF), an elegant solution to reduce cost is to use magnetic return arcs to recirculate the beam through the accelerating RF cavities many times, where they gain energy on each pass. In such a Recirculating Linear Accelerator (RLA), the magnetic focusing strength diminishes as the beam energy increases in a conventional linac that has constant strength quadrupoles. After some number of passes the focusing strength is insufficient to keep the beam from going unstable and being lost. In this project, the use of fast pulsed quadrupoles in the linac sections was considered for stronger focusing as a function of time to allow more successive passes of a muon beam in a recirculating linearmore » accelerator. In one simulation, it was shown that the number of passes could be increased from 8 to 12 using pulsed magnet designs that have been developed and tested. This could reduce the cost of linac sections of a muon RLA by 8/12, where more improvement is still possible. The expense of a greater number of passes and corresponding number of return arcs was also addressed in this project by exploring the use of ramped or FFAG-style magnets in the return arcs. A better solution, invented in this project, is to use combined-function dipole-quadrupole magnets to simultaneously transport two beams of different energies through one magnet string to reduce costs of return arcs by almost a factor of two. A patent application was filed for this invention and a detailed report published in Physical Review Special Topics. A scaled model using an electron beam was developed and proposed to test the concept of a dog bone RLA with combined-function return arcs. The efforts supported by this grant were reported in a series of contributions to particle accelerator conferences that are reproduced in the appendices and summarized in the body of this report.« less
A Distributed Satellite Operations Testbed for Anomaly Management Experimentation

The controlled evaluation of advanced anomaly management algorithms for space systems is often impeded by the operational inflexibility and risk adverse policies that are often necessary for conducting real-time operations that involve highly sophisticated spacecraft performing critical missions. To address this situation, Santa Clara University has developed a simple but functional satellite operations system that is routinely used to operationally support on-orbit spacecraft while also providing the ability to introduce, verify, and validate new operational innovations. This study involves the use of this satellite operations system to provide initial experimental feedback regarding the use of model-based approaches for performing automated anomaly management tasks. Contributions include the development of ground/space-segment simulation models for existing ground facilities and a test spacecraft with fault injection features as well as the successful use of these models with implemented reasoning algorithms to quickly [~ tenths of seconds] and accurately detect and diagnose anomalies in both the test spacecraft and the communication stations.
Accuracy Comparison of an Operational and Experimental Strategic Conflict Probe

The primary function of administering the United States’ National Airspace System (NAS) is the air traffic controller task of actively monitoring assigned aircraft and resolving the conflicts (i.e. losses of minimum separations between aircraft) anticipated some time in the future. The transformation of the current NAS is a planned evolution and will rely on communication digitally between air and ground and between aircraft with the use of enhanced trajectory-based operations and automation tools. To mitigate the safety risks of increased traffic growth and effectively designing automation to aid in the separation management task, research and development is required to improve the accuracy and usability of decision support tools. The paper presents the performance of an experimental strategic conflict probe model used in the development and validation of enhanced separation management concepts. Furthermore, this papers reports on a comprehensive design of experiment optimizing its performance and a comparison of its capability to an advanced operational system.
Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Semiconductors

The ultrafast optical response of semiconductors has been the subject of substantial research. The interest has been motivated by unique aspects of the interaction between light and semiconductors that are revealed by ultrafast techniques.
Ambidextrous supply chain in an emerging market: impacts on innovation and performance

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of an ambidextrous supply chain strategy on innovation and the firm's performance. This study also investigates the role of innovation as a mediating construct between ambidextrous supply chain and firm's performance. Drawing upon March's (1991) concept of exploration and exploitation, ambidextrous supply chain is conceptualised as the combination of an exploration and exploitation strategy. A web questionnaire survey was used in this work. Structural equation modelling was applied to test proposed hypotheses on the associations between variables. The findings show that an ambidextrous supply chain has a positive impact on innovation and firm's performance. Additionally, the impact of ambidextrous supply chain on firm's performance is higher when innovation is included as a mediator. This work seminally examines the effects of ambidextrous supply chain on firm's performance and the mediating role of innovation in the relationships between ambidextrous supply chain and firm's performance.
Dietary protein intake modulates glomerular eicosanoid production in the rat

The quantity of protein in the diet modulates glomerular function. To study the effect of dietary protein intake on glomerular eicosanoid production, rats were randomized to either a high- (40%) or...
The association of lean and fat mass with all-cause mortality in older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study

Abstract Background and aims Understanding contributions of lean and fat tissue to cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality may help clarify areas of prevention in older adults. We aimed to define distributions of lean and fat tissue in older adults and their contributions to cause-specific mortality. Methods and results A total of 1335 participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) who underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans were included. We used principal components analysis (PCA) to define two independent sources of variation in DEXA-derived body composition, corresponding to principal components composed of lean ("lean PC") and fat ("fat PC") tissue. We used Cox proportional hazards regression using these PCs to investigate the relationship between body composition with cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality. Mean age was 76.2 ± 4.8 years (56% women) with mean body mass index 27.1 ± 4.4 kg/m 2 . A greater lean PC was associated with lower all-cause (HR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.98, P = 0.01) and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.74–0.95, P = 0.005). The lowest quartile of the fat PC (least adiposity) was associated with a greater hazard of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.04–1.48, P = 0.02) relative to fat PCs between the 25th–75th percentile, but the highest quartile did not have a significantly greater hazard (P = 0.70). Conclusion Greater lean tissue mass is associated with improved cardiovascular and overall mortality in the elderly. The lowest levels of fat tissue mass are linked with adverse prognosis, but the highest levels show no significant mortality protection. Prevention efforts in the elderly frail may be best targeted toward improvements in lean muscle mass.
The World Health Organization and a framework convention-protocol approach to global tobacco control

In 1996 the World Health Assembly authorized the development of a powerful new international regulatory strategy for global tobacco control (Taylor & Roemer, 1996). In particular, the Health Assembly adopted a historic resolution calling upon the DirectorGeneral of the World Health Organization (WHO): (i) to initiate the development of a framework convention in accordance with Article 19 of the WHO Constitution; (ii) to include as part of the framework convention a strategy to encourage member nations to move progressively towards the adoption of comprehensive tobacco control policies, and also to deal with aspects of tobacco control that transcend national boundaries…. (World Health Organization, 1996).
Lithium Polysulfide Radical Anions in Ether-Based Solvents

Lithium sulfur batteries have a theoretical specific energy 5 times greater than current lithium ion battery standards, but suffer from the issue of lithium polysulfide dissolution. The reaction mechanisms that underlie the formation of lithium polysulfide reaction intermediates have been studied for over four decades, yet still elude researchers. Polysulfide radical anions formed during the redox processes have become a focal point of fundamental Li–S battery research. The formation of radical species has even been shown to be advantageous to the electrochemical pathways. However, whether polysulfide radical anions can form and be stabilized in common Li–S battery electrolytes that are ether-based is a point of contention in Li–S battery research. The goal of this work was to examine the presence of radical polysulfide species in ether-based solvents. Lithium polysulfide solutions in tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether and poly(ethylene oxide) are probed using a combination of ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis...
Modulation of Tonic GABA Currents by Anion Channel and Connexin Hemichannel Antagonists

Anion channels and connexin hemichannels are permeable to amino acid neurotransmitters. It is hypothesized that these conductive pathways release GABA, thereby influencing ambient GABA levels and tonic GABAergic inhibition. To investigate this, we measured the effects of anion channel/hemichannel antagonists on tonic GABA currents of rat hippocampal neurons. In contrast to predictions, blockade of anion channels and hemichannels with NPPB potentiated tonic GABA currents of neurons in culture and acute hippocampal slices. In contrast, the anion channel/hemichannel antagonist carbenoxolone (CBX) inhibited tonic currents. These findings could result from alterations of ambient GABA concentration or direct effects on GABAA receptors. To test for effects on GABAA receptors, we measured currents evoked by exogenous GABA. Coapplication of NPPB with GABA potentiated GABA-evoked currents. CBX dose-dependently inhibited GABA-evoked currents. These results are consistent with direct effects of NPPB and CBX on GABAA receptors. GABA release from hippocampal cell cultures was directly measured using HPLC. Inhibition of anion channels with NPPB or CBX did not affect GABA release from cultured hippocampal neurons. NPPB reduced GABA release from pure astrocytic cultures by 21%, but the total GABA release from astrocytes was small compared to that of mixed cultures. These data indicate that drugs commonly used to antagonize anion channels and connexin hemichannels may affect tonic currents via direct effects on GABAA receptors and have negligible effects on ambient GABA concentrations. Interpretation of experiments using NPPB or CBX should include consideration of their effects on tonic GABA currents.
Projecting population growth as a dynamic measure of regional urban warming

Abstract Urban development is characterized by drastic land use and land cover changes, rooted in urban population growth, with concomitant anthropogenic stressors contributing to global climate changes. While there is extensive literature on predicting future urban climate using biogeophysical models, the direct link between emergent meteorological patterns and the population dynamics remains obscure. In this study, we propose an operative model for predicting regional urban warming using a population growth model based on different scaling laws. We choose the annual average air temperature as the climatic indicator and relate the historical temperature data to demographic data for 10 megapolitan areas in the United States. Linear regression analysis shows that the coefficients of determination range from 0.164 to 0.563 for the study areas, indicating a significant correlation between urban population and climate dynamics. Specifically, the Phoenix Metropolitan Area is selected as a testbed where the regression is applied for correlating the population growth and trend of urban warming. Based on the predicted population dynamics, the annual average temperature in Phoenix is projected to increase by 0.65–3.40 °C in the next 35 years.
Angiotensin II induces carbon monoxide production in isolated rat kidney

P106 Chronic angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion induces vascular expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1. HO-dependent synthesis of carbon monoxide (CO) subserves vasodilatory mechanisms. We examined whether Ang II stimulates CO production in isolated rat kidneys perfused at 7 ml/min with oxygenated Krebs buffer. We monitored perfusion pressure (PP) continuously and measured the concentration of CO in the renal venous effluent by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. At the conclusion of perfusion for 120 min after the onset of treatment with Ang II or vehicle, the kidneys were processed for measurement of HO activity and isoform expression. In control experiment without experimental interventions, PP and concentration of CO in the venous effluent remained stable throughout the perfusion, ranging between 78 ± 7.7 and 83 ± 5.5, mmHg and 12.3 ± 5.7 and 15.1 ± 6.6 nM, respectively. Inclusion of Ang II (1μM) into the perfusion increased PP by 31.5 ± 14, 43.5 ± 14.5, 47 ± 13, 53 ± 11.2, after 30, 60,90,120 min, respectively. Ang II also increased (p 1 receptor antagonist, losartan (1 μM) or protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, staurosporine (100nM). HO activity in control kidneys (111.03 ± 2.25, pmol/mg/4h) was exceeded by HO activity in kidneys perfused with Ang II (162.40 ± 6.95, p
Meeting the challenges of data analysis on the wire

The project of Analysis on the Wire (AoW) at Brookhaven National Laboratory has the goal of executing generic computations in the network fabric, "on the wire," to sup-port early decision making. We are research-ing, developing, and evaluating hardware and software mechanisms and middleware to be used for data analysis on the wire. We further pursue to address several complex challenges encountered in such a computing environ-ment, such as handling raw packet data, deal-ing with computations of a streaming nature, and eliminating performance-killing bottle-necks and delays by taking advantage of any means of acceleration.
On the Anomalous Counterclockwise Turning of the Surface Wind with Time in the Plains of the United States

AbstractVertical shear in the boundary layer affects the mode of convective storms that can exist if they are triggered. In western portions of the Southern Plains of the U. S., vertical shear, in the absence of any transient features, changes diurnally in a systematic way, thus leading to a preferred time of day for the more intense modes of convection when the shear, particularly at low levels, is greatest. In this study, yearly and seasonally averaged wind observations, for each time of day, are used to document the diurnal variations in wind at the surface and in the boundary layer, with synoptic and mesoscale features effectively filtered out. Data from surface mesonets in Oklahoma and Texas, Doppler wind profilers, instrumented tower data, and also seasonally averaged wind data, for each time of day, from convection-allowing numerical model forecasts are used. It is shown through analysis of observations and model data that the perturbation wind above anemometer level turns in a clockwise manner wit...
The Histopathology of Skeletal Metastases

Publisher Summary The bone is the most common site of metastases for tumors from breast, prostate, lung, kidney and thyroid. An accurate diagnosis is dependent upon the combination of clinical, radiological, and pathological clues. With the development of more effective treatment, prophylactic strategies and preventive agents for bone metastases, the need for pathologists to diagnose and predict the likelihood of bone metastasis is more urgent than ever. The discovery of tumor profiles and new biomarkers that could help to accurately predict which patients are at high risk for skeletal metastases would be an important step toward developing effective prophylactic strategies to prevent this dreaded complication for patients diagnosed with a variety of common solid tumors.
Elastic – Plastic Solids

This chapter provides a short introduction to constitutive relations for materials that exhibit incremental elastic-plastic deformation in response to an applied loading path which extends beyond their initial yield surface. In a certain sense, it is analogous to Chap. 2 on Anisotropic Elastic Solids, with which it shares the results pertaining to isotropic elasticity. Moreover, the instantaneous tangential stiffness or compliance matrices may have as many as 21 nonzero coefficients, as in triclinic elastic materials. In preparation Chap. 12, attention is focused on those parts of incremental plasticity theory that are useful in modeling of metal matrix composites.
Acute-Phase Reactants

Wounding, infection, malignancy, or chronic disease results in a series of physiological responses known as the acute-phase reaction. Acute-phase reaction is characterized by fever, leukocytosis, increased secretion of glucocorticoids, alterations of metabolism, and changes in the synthetic rates of certain plasma proteins. During inflammation, the response of the liver—the acute-phase reaction—increases the synthesis of some plasma proteins and decreases the synthesis of others. These are called positive and negative acute-phase reactants, respectively. The α 1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) is a major acute-phase reactant protein. AGP can participate extensively in nonspecific binding because of its substantial carbohydrate composition and numerous sialic acid residues. AGP serves as an anti-infectious agent and to function as a competitor for membranes, thereby preventing infective organisms from invading cells. AGP also affects immune and neural responses. It inhibits neutrophil activation and platelet aggregation. AGP belongs to a superfamily that includes the serum retinol-binding protein, B-lactoglobulin, α 2 u-globulin, and α 1 -microglobulin.
Implementing Service-Oriented Architectures for Enterprise Integration

We have introduced the idea of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) a number of times in earlier chapters, and we now explore the subject in a more focused and specific way. SOA, in general, and its latest incarnation in cloud computing have become dominant factors in contemporary information technology. Our primary objective is to give system architects and engineers a sufficient grounding in SOA principles and practices to allow them to effectively incorporate services in systems and enterprises and a starting point for more in-depth study of this complex and rapidly evolving technology. First, we present the fundamental concepts of services and a service-oriented style of architecture. We then lay out the essential foundation of SOA concepts and the building blocks with which a SOA is erected. SOA projects have been reported to have failed due to faulty strategy and planning, and we discuss important aspects of preparing and executing service-enabled solutions. We consider practical aspects of SOA implementation. Recognizing that SOA is intimately related to the constantly changing World Wide Web, we briefly summarize in Sect. 7.5 the trends and expected future evolution of the Web. This is followed by a summary of the current Web Services Framework. Finally, we return to MBSAP and present specific techniques for service modeling, using the Smart Microgrid system example that gives an illustration. Chapter objective: the reader will be able to apply the MBSAP methodology to the definition, planning, modeling, and implementation of service-enabled systems and enterprises, including SOA structures and elements and the most important service standards and specifications.
Isolation of reactive Ln(ii) complexes with C5H4Me ligands (CpMe) using inverse sandwich countercations: synthesis and structure of [(18-crown-6)K(μ-CpMe)K(18-crown-6)][CpMe3LnII] (Ln = Tb, Ho).

Although attempts to make the Y(II) complex, (CpMe3Y)1− (CpMe = C5H4Me), by reduction of CpMe3Y with potassium were unsuccessful and the products of potassium reduction of CpMe3Ln for Ln = La and Pr led to ring-opening reduction of THF, we report that crystallographically-characterizable Ln(II) complexes of Tb and Ho can be isolated by reducing CpMe3Ln(THF) with KC8 in THF in the presence of 18-crown-6 (18-c-6). X-ray crystallography revealed that these complexes are isolated with a methylcyclopentadienide inverse sandwich countercation: [(18-c-6)K(μ-CpMe)K(18-c-6)][CpMe3Ln] (Ln = Tb, Ho). Although reduction of CpMe3Ln with potassium in the presence of the 2.2.2-cryptand (crypt) chelate has not generally provided fully-characterizable, crystalline products, in the case of Dy, crystals of [K(crypt)][CpMe3Dy] could be isolated.
Dendritic nanostructured FeS2-based high stability and capacity Li-ion cathodes

Here we show that dendritic architectures are attractive as the basis of hierarchically structured battery electrodes. Dendritically structured FeS2, synthesized via simple thermal sulfidation of electrodeposited dendritic α-Fe, was formed into an electrode and cycled vs. lithium. The reversible capacities of the dendritic FeS2 cathode were 560 mA h g−1 at 0.5C and 533 mA h g−1 at 1.0C after 50 cycles over 0.7–3.0 V. Over 0.7–2.4 V, where the electrode is more stable, the reversible capacities are 348 mA h g−1 at 0.2C and 179 mA h g−1 at 1.0C after 150 cycles. The good cycling performance and high specific capacities of the dendritic FeS2 cathodes are attributed to the ability of a dendritic structure to provide good ion and electron conducting pathways, and a large surface area. Importantly, the dendritic structure appears capable of accommodating volume changes imposed by the lithiation and delithiation process. The presence of a Li2−xFeS2 phase is indicated for the first time by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). We suspect this phase is what enables electrochemical cycling to possess high reversibility over 0.7–2.4 V.
Parodia y política sexual en ¡Amor al arte! de Trinidad Aceves y Loredo y Luchas fantásticas de María Gertrudis de Garecabe

Desde mediados del siglo diecinueve Espana se vio inmersa en un debate acerca del papel de la mujer en la sociedad. Esta preocupacion supuso una fuente literaria (en su mayoria de autoria masculina) que englobaba textos medicos, religiosos, narrativos y prescriptivos. La preocupacion central radicaba en la relacion de la mujer de cara al hombre, la esfera publica, y la sociedad entera. En el teatro, la profusion de generos desde la decada de 1860 escritos por mujeres dramaturgas desplazo este debate a las tablas del escenario. Dramaturgas como Trinidad Aceves y Loredo y Maria Gertrudis de Garecabe emplearon dos de los generos mas conocidos del siglo diecinueve (la comedia de magia y el genero corto de una pieza del juguete comico) para poner en escena las opiniones femeninas conservadoras de la epoca. Tambien, ambas dramaturgas parodian, de forma efectiva, obras anteriores que trataron las mismas cuestiones tematicas y sociales. Con su naturaleza parodica, iAmor al arte! (1873), de Aceves y Loredo, y Luch...
Using Videos to Promote Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports: A Qualitative Study:

Positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS) is an empirically-based framework for proactively supporting student behavior across school settings. One technique schools utilize to teach an...
Edgar Wallace’s War: Reporting and Making the News in South Africa, 1898–1902

This paper examines Edgar Wallace’s career as a news correspondent during the South African War. It looks at five incidents: the publication of Wallace’s poem, ‘A Tommy’s Welcome to Rudyard Kipling...
MP50-01 PERCUTANEOUS BIOPSY FOR UPPER TRACT UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA - SAFETY AND DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:Short of surgical extirpation, ureteropyeloscopy with endoscopic biopsy remains the standard for establishing a histologic diagnosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma ...
Selection history in context: Evidence for the role of reinforcement learning in biasing attention

Attention is biased towards learned predictors of reward. The influence of reward history on attentional capture has been shown to be context-specific: When particular stimulus features are associated with reward, these features only capture attention when viewed in the context in which they were rewarded. Selection history can also bias attention, such that prior target features gain priority independently of reward history. The contextual specificity of this influence of selection history on attention has not been examined. In the present study, we demonstrate that the consequences of repetitive selection on attention robustly generalize across context, such that prior target features capture attention even in contexts in which they were never seen previously. Our findings suggest that the learning underlying attention driven by outcome-independent selection history differs qualitatively from the learning underlying value-driven attention, consistent with a distinction between associative and reinforcement learning mechanisms.
Interaction of oxidative stress and neurotrauma in ALDH2-/- mice causes significant and persistent behavioral and pro-inflammatory effects in a tractable model of mild traumatic brain injury.

Abstract Oxidative stress induced by lipid peroxidation products (LPP) accompanies aging and has been hypothesized to exacerbate the secondary cascade in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Increased oxidative stress is a contributor to loss of neural reserve that defines the ability to maintain healthy cognitive function despite the accumulation of neuropathology. ALDH2−/− mice are unable to clear aldehyde LPP by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (Aldh2) detoxification and provide a model to study mild TBI (mTBI), therapeutic interventions, and underlying mechanisms. The ALDH2−/− mouse model presents with elevated LPP-mediated protein modification, lowered levels of PSD-95, PGC1-α, and SOD-1, and mild cognitive deficits from 4 months of age. LPP scavengers are neuroprotective in vitro and in ALDH2−/− mice restore cognitive performance. A single-hit, closed skull mTBI failed to elicit significant effects in WT mice; however, ALDH2−/− mice showed a significant inflammatory cytokine surge in the ipsilateral hemisphere 24 h post-mTBI, and increased GFAP cleavage, a biomarker for TBI. Known neuroprotective agents, were able to reverse the effects of mTBI. This new preclinical model of mTBI, incorporating significant perturbations in behavior, inflammation, and clinically relevant biomarkers, allows mechanistic study of the interaction of LPP and neurotrauma in loss of neural reserve.
Reoperation Risk After Total Elbow Arthroplasty Versus Open Reduction Internal Fixation for Distal Humerus Fractures in Elderly Patients.

OBJECTIVE To compare reoperation risk after total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) and open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) for intra-articular distal humerus fractures in elderly patients. DESIGN Retrospective comparative. SETTING Five percent Medicare Part B claims database. PATIENTS Patients older than 65 years of age with closed distal humerus fractures undergoing TEA or ORIF from 1996 to 2016. INTERVENTION TEA and ORIF. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Reoperation risk based on multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS A total of 142 TEA and 522 ORIF cases were identified. TEA patients had a greater age and Charlson Comorbidity Index , as well as a higher prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis than ORIF patients (P < 0.05). Although reoperation risk was lower for TEA than that for ORIF within the entire cohort (11.3% vs. 25.1%; hazard ratio = 0.49; P = 0.014), no significant difference was found for TEA and ORIF performed between 2006 and 2016 (12.6% vs. 18.4%; hazard ratio = 0.73; P = 0.380). The death rate was 65.5% in the TEA group at 3.6 years and 55.7% in the ORIF group at 4.9 years. CONCLUSIONS TEA was associated with a decreased reoperation risk compared with ORIF, although this difference did not exist for more recent procedures after popularization of the locking plate technology and half of the reoperations after ORIF were for instrumentation removal. The high death rate within several years of the index procedure may contribute to the low TEA revision rate beyond the short-term when following patients into the medium and long term. Further study comparing TEA and locked plating using prospective, randomized data with long-term follow-up and functional outcomes is warranted. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Identifying treatment moderators of a trauma-informed parenting intervention with children in foster care: Using model-based recursive partitioning.

Abstract Background Trauma-informed parenting interventions have been used in child welfare to help caregivers respond to children in trauma-informed ways that can mitigate the effects of maltreatment and build strong caregiver-child relationships. Existing studies support their effectiveness with children and youth involved in the child welfare system. However, to further advance the effectiveness of evidenced-based intervention for child welfare populations, one key step is to identify subgroups of individuals who have different intervention responses or outcomes. Objective To identify pre-treatment moderators that can distinguish subgroups of caregivers and children who benefit differently from an intervention. Participants and setting 414 children in foster care (age 3 or younger) and their caregivers (birth, adoptive, kin, and nonkin) were randomly assigned to receive a trauma-informed parenting intervention in the Illinois Birth through Three Title IV-E waiver demonstration or foster care services as usual. Methods Model-based Recursive Partitioning (MOB) was used to identify treatment moderators and moderator interactions. MOB fits a parametric model and uses a data-driven method to find subgroups for which the specified parametric model has different parameters. Two parametric models (logistic and linear regression) were used in accordance with two outcomes: reunification (binary) and caregiver-child attachment (continuous). We examined 21 potential pre-treatment moderators in both models. Results For the reunification outcome, the MOB produced the following three treatment moderators, which identified subgroups of participants who responded differently to the intervention: (a) caregivers’ relationship with the child (kin vs. non-kin/permanent caregivers), (b) caregiver-child attachment, and (c) case history of physical abuse. For the attachment outcome, caregivers’ age was found to be a treatment moderator. Future developments of trauma-informed interventions should consider these moderators.
Motivating Inventors: Non-competes, Innovation Value and Efficiency

Non-compete agreements help protect business investments by restricting worker mobility, thereby increasing firm incentives to invest. Yet, they could damage the efficacy of innovation investments that crucially rest on employee incentives. Exploiting staggered reforms of state non-compete enforcement, I find that patents filed after an increased enforceability are less valuable and exploratory despite no less R&D spending. Inventors whose job prospects are more jeopardized, in a weaker bargaining position, and having greater incentives to switch firms produce patents experiencing greater value losses. These results imply that labor allocative inefficiency owing to mobility restrictions could compromise value creation from real investments.
Dynamics and Functional Roles of Splicing Factor Autoregulation

Non-spliceosomal splicing factors are essential, conserved regulators of alternative splicing. They provide concentration-dependent control of diverse pre-mRNAs. Many splicing factors direct unproductive splicing of their own pre-mRNAs through negative autoregulation. However, the impact of such feedback loops on splicing dynamics at the single cell level remains unclear. Here, we developed a system to quantitatively analyze negative autoregulatory splicing dynamics by splicing factor SRSF1 in response to perturbations in single HEK293 cells. We show that negative autoregulatory splicing provides critical functions for gene regulation, establishing a ceiling of SRSF1 protein concentration, reducing cell-cell heterogeneity in SRSF1 levels, and buffering variation in transcription. Most importantly, it adapts SRSF1 splicing activity to variations in demand from other pre-mRNA substrates. A minimal mathematical model of autoregulatory splicing explains these experimentally observed features and provides values for effective biochemical parameters. These results reveal unique functional roles that splicing negative autoregulation plays in homeostatically regulating transcriptional programs.
Fiscal Stimulus and Firms' Sales and Capital Expenditure During the Global Financial Crisis.

Using firm-level data from the Refinitiv Datastream Worldscope database for more than 17,253 non-financial firms in 45 advanced and emerging economies, this paper examines how fiscal stimulus interacted with sectoral business cycle sensitivity has affected firms’ sales and capital expenditures during the global financial crisis. Cross-sectional analyses indicate that reductions in structural fiscal balances are associated with higher firms’ sales and capital expenditures (as percentage of their total assets) in 2009. This result is obtained notably for the manufacturing and construction industries and for different regions depending on the firm performance variable. Our findings have key implications for the design of fiscal response to shocks at industry and firm levels, including during the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Parametric Statistical Change Point Analysis

Preface.- Preliminaries.- Introduction.- Univariate Normal Model.- Multivariate Normal Model.- Regression Model.- Gamma Model.- Exponential Model.- Change Point Model for the Hazard Function.- Discrete Models.- Other Models.- Bibliography.- Author Index.- Subject Index.
Becoming a Professor: an Analysis of Gender on the Promotion of Faculty from Associate to Full Professor

72 1024x768 Normal 0 false false false st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} 72 1024x768 Normal 0 false false false st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Factors associated with the promotion of associate professors to full professor were evaluated at a land-grant university in the United States of America. In univariable analyses, gender (female), field of study (non-STEM) and highest degree held (non-doctoral) were all associated with decreased odds of being promoted from associate professor to full professor. However in an adjusted analysis, only the highest degree held by the individual seeking promotion and field of study remained associated with promotion from associate professor to full professor. Male and female faculty with non-doctoral degrees in non-STEM fields had similar but decreased odds of promotion to full professor from associate professor. These data indicate that after adjusting for the highest degree held by the individual seeking promotion and the field of study, there was no evidence that gender was associated with decreased odds of promotion from associate to full professor.
A Method for Proxying a Respondent's Religious Background An Application to School Choice Decisions

This chapter develops an algorithm for the probability distribution of a respondent’s religion in microdata (including the decennial census) in which there are data on ancestry but not on religion. A frequency distribution of religion by ancestry is generated from the NORC General Social Survey and matched by ancestry groups in the 1980 U.S. decennial census. The fruitfulness of the procedure is demonstrated through an analysis of the effect of alternative measures of religion on the household’s choice of public versus private schooling for children. This method is useful to any researcher wanting to distinguish religious affiliation when only ancestry data are available. Jewish children are as likely as Protestant children to be attending public schools compared to private schools, but Catholic children are more likely than those of other religions to attend private schools.