cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of novel 3D nanofiber scaffolds with anisotropic property and regular pores and their potential applications

A new and simple approach for preparing 3D nanofiber scaffolds in a basket-weaved structure composed of uniaxially aligned, electrospun nanofiber strips is reported. It is also demonstrated that human adipose-derived stem cells seeded are distributed uniformly throughout different layers of scaffolds and can proliferate and be organized by the nanotopographic cues imparted by uniaxial arrays of nanofiber.
IMPLICATIONS OF GROWTH AND METABOLIC RATES ON COSTS OF AQUACULTURE1

In aquaculture research, proposals to improve performance of the cultured organism usually involve increasing growth rate, decreasing food conversion ratio, or changing some other measure through research. Common to most proposals is an attempt to manipulate the organism's growth and metabolic rates. We develop a general approach to aquaculture research that leads to the greatest reduction in culture costs for the least expenditure in research costs. Using an existing mathematical model of lobster culture as an example, the effect on culture and research costs of changes in growth and metabolic rates are evaluated. The optimal relative changes in growth and metabolic rates depend on the current values of these rates as well as relative costs of culture system components. The optimal change in both growth and metabolic rates is better than maximizing or minimizing any single performance criterion (e.g., food conversion ratio). The optimal path differs between extensive and intensive culture systems and has implications for species selection.
Probing nonequilibrium electron distributions in gold by use of second-harmonic generation

Second-harmonic radiation is generated at a gold surface by use of a laser pulse that is varied in duration from 14 to 29 fs and in intensity from 109 to 1011 W/cm2. At laser intensities below 1010 W/cm2, the second-harmonic signal has the expected quadratic dependence on pump-laser intensity; however, at higher intensities, the dependence is supraquadratic. This difference arises because the leading edge of the laser pulse interacts significantly with the gold electrons to create a nonequilibrium, photoexcited distribution. The second-harmonic generation process occurs before electron–electron or electron–phonon collisions can equilibrate the distribution and therefore serves as a probe of the nonequilibrium distribution.
Ketamine Does Not Increase Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity or Intracranial Pressure During Isoflurane/Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy

Ketamine's effect on cerebral hemodynamics is controversial. We hypothesized that ketamine would not increase intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) velocity in anesthetized, ventilated patients. Twenty patients requiring craniotomy for brain tumor or cerebral aneurysm were studied. After induction with thiopental, anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen. During controlled ventilation (PaCO2 34 +/- 1 mm Hg); middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (VMCA), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), bilateral frontooccipital processed electroencephalogram (EEG), and ICP were measured before and for 10 min after intravenous ketamine 1.0 mg/kg. Cerebral arteriovenous oxygen content difference (AVDO2) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were calculated. After ketamine, MAP, CPP, PaCO2, and AVDO2 were unchanged. ICP decreased from 16 +/- 1 mm Hg to 14 +/- 1 mm Hg (mean +/- SE; P < 0.001) and VMCA decreased from 44 +/- 4 cm/s to 39 +/- 4 cm/s (P < 0.001). Total EEG power decreased (P < 0.02). These results suggest that ketamine can be used in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated patients with mildly increased ICP without adversely altering cerebral hemodynamics.
Geographic variation in patterns of nestedness among local stream fish assemblages in Virginia

Nestedness of faunal assemblages is a multi-scale phenomenon, potentially influenced by a variety of factors. Prior small-scale studies have found freshwater fish species assemblages to be nested along stream courses as a result of either selective colonization or extinction. However, within-stream gradients in temperature and other factors are correlated with the distributions of many fish species and may also contribute to nestedness. At a regional level, strongly nested patterns would require a consistent set of structuring mechanisms across streams, and correlation among species’ tolerances of the environmental factors that influence distribution. Thus, nestedness should be negatively associated with the spatial extent of the region analyzed and positively associated with elevational gradients (a correlate of temperature and other environmental factors). We examined these relationships for the freshwater fishes of Virginia. Regions were defined within a spatial hierarchy and included whole river drainages, portions of drainages within physiographic provinces, and smaller subdrainages. In most cases, nestedness was significantly stronger in regions of smaller spatial extent and in regions characterized by greater topographic relief. Analysis of hydrologic variability and patterns of faunal turnover provided no evidence that inter-annual colonization/extinction dynamics contributed to elevational differences in nestedness. These results suggest that, at regional scales, nestedness is influenced by interactions between biotic and abiotic factors, and that the strongest nestedness is likely to occur where a small number of organizational processes predominate, i.e., over small spatial extents and regions exhibiting strong environmental gradients.
A circuit for detection of interaural time differences in the brain stem of the barn owl

Detection of interaural time differences underlies azimuthal sound localization in the barn owl Tyto alba. Axons of the cochlear nucleus magnocellularis, and their targets in the binaural nucleus laminaris, form the circuit responsible for encoding these interaural time differences. The nucleus laminaris receives bilateral inputs from the cochlear nucleus magnocellularis such that axons from the ipsilateral cochlear nucleus enter the nucleus laminaris dorsally, while contralateral axons enter from the ventral side. This interdigitating projection to the nucleus laminaris is tonotopic, and the afferents are both sharply tuned and matched in frequency to the neighboring afferents. Recordings of phase-locked spikes in the afferents show an orderly change in the arrival time of the spikes as a function of distance from the point of their entry into the nucleus laminaris. The same range of conduction time (160 mu sec) was found over the 700-mu m depth of the nucleus laminaris for all frequencies examined (4-7.5 kHz) and corresponds to the range of interaural time differences available to the barn owl. The estimated conduction velocity in the axons is low (3-5 m/sec) and may be regulated by short internodal distances (60 mu m) within the nucleus laminaris. Neurons of the nucleus laminaris have large somata and very short dendrites. These cells are frequency selective and phase-lock to both monaural and binaural stimuli. The arrival time of phase-locked spikes in many of these neurons differs between the ipsilateral and contralateral inputs. When this disparity is nullified by imposition of an appropriate interaural time difference, the neurons respond maximally. The number of spikes elicited in response to a favorable interaural time difference is roughly double that elicited by a monaural stimulus. Spike counts for unfavorable interaural time differences fall well below monaural response levels. These findings indicate that the magnocellular afferents work as delay lines, and the laminaris neurons work as co- incidence detectors. The orderly distribution of conduction times, the predictability of favorable interaural time differences from monaural phase responses, and the pattern of the anatomical projection from the nucleus laminaris to the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus suggest that interaural time differences and their phase equivalents are mapped in each frequency band along the dorsoventral axis of the nucleus laminaris.
The local distribution of highly divergent mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in toque macaques Macaca sinica at Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka

Surveys of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in macaque monkeys have revealed extremely high levels of intraspecific divergence among haplotypes. One consistent pattern that has emerged from these studies is that divergent haplotypes are geographically segregated so that sampling a few matrilines from a given region shows them to be identical, or a closely related subset of haplotypes. Geographically structured mtDNA variation has also been commonly observed in other taxa. In this study, haplotype variation and distribution are studied in detail within a local population of toque macaques. The results show that highly divergent haplotypes, differing by 3.1% in their nucleotide sequences, coexist in this population and that they may be spatially segregated even on this micro-geographic scale. Furthermore, these differences are maintained between social groups that exchange male migrants, and thus nuclear genes, frequently.
Space-Time Cooperation Diversity Using High-Rate Codes

In a multi-user communication system, cooperative diversity allows single-antenna mobile sets to achieve transmit diversity. Cooperative diversity improves the communication capacity and enhances the robustness of a wireless link when a single channel alone is not reliable. In this paper, a novel cooperative diversity scheme is introduced that enables simultaneous transmission of non-redundant data from all cooperative terminals. By taking advantages of both high-rate full-diversity space-time codes and the cooperative diversity, the proposed method provides high diversity gain beyond the number of physical transmit antennas without compromising the data rates. In essence, the proposed system aims at higher data rates over the non-cooperative counterpart, while maintaining the full diversity gain.
Mandated preterm delivery: its prevalence and impact at a tertiary referral center

Objective : To determine the prevalence and impact of mandated preterm deliveries at a tertiary referral center. Methods : A chart review was conducted at our institution on all livebirths from 24 weeks to completion of 37 weeks' gestation between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 1999. Mandated delivery was defined as intentional intervention because of a deteriorating maternal or fetal condition. Reasons for intervention and intrapartum courses were compared with two other preterm groups (premature ruptured membranes, spontaneous labor) delivering during the same period. Statistical analyses included the Student t test, univariate ANOVA, &#104 2 test and Mann-Whitney test. Results : A total of 894 pregnancies delivered preterm, with 132 (14.8%) being mandated. Primary reasons for mandated delivery included severe pre-eclampsia (69.0%), vaginal bleeding (11.4%), deteriorating maternal illness (10.6%), worsening fetal growth restriction (6.1%) or major fetal malformation (3.0%). Delivery at less than 34 week...
Generation and sequence characterization of a normalized cDNA library from swine ovarian follicles

Ovulation rate is a major factor determining litter size in swine and is, therefore, a trait of economic importance to the pork industry. The dynamics of follicle development, which in turn are dictated by a balance between follicle recruitment, maturation, selection, and atresia, are a major determining factor of ovulation rate. The role of several genes expressed in the ovaries during these processes has been described, but studies utilizing large-scale genomic approaches have yet to be conducted to examine gene expression in this tissue more globally. We have developed a normalized cDNA library from swine ovarian follicles in various stages of development, ranging from 2.0 to 10.0 mm in diameter, collected from gilts from divergent genetic lines selected for high and low ovulation rates, during the 7 initial days of the follicular phase of the estrous cycle. EST sequences were obtained from 5231 distinct clones derived from this library. In total, 3479 unique sequence clusters were obtained, of which 2661 singletons (76.5%) were observed. BLASTN searches with the primary sequences from the clusters obtained resulted in 1037 sequences not matching (E <1.0?06) any of the sequences in the nt database (29.8% novelty rate). This resource will facilitate the use of cDNA microarrays in functional genomics studies aiming at unraveling the genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying follicle maturation and ovulation rate in swine.
Device parameter optimization for reduced short channel effects in retrograde doping MOSFET's

A simple technique to optimize the device parameters of the retrograde channel doping MOSFET to minimize short channel effects for a constant threshold voltage is presented in this work. The results indicate that the highest possible substrate doping does not necessarily result in minimum short channel effects.
Commercialization and Implementation of Biocontrol 1

Although the number of biocontrol products is increasing, these products still represent only about 1% of agricultural chemical sales. Yet these are important contributions because biocontrol agents offer disease management alternatives with different mechanisms of action than chemical pesticides. Trends in research include the increased use of biorational screening processes to identify microorganisms with potential for biocontrol, increased testing under semicommercial and commercial production conditions, increased emphasis on combining biocontrol strains with each other and with other control methods, integrating biocontrol into an overall system.
A rule-based system to generate NC programs from CAD exchange files

Abstract A non-procedural (rule-based) system for converting engineering drawings into numerically controlled machine programs for two dimensional punched objects is described. The prototype system includes object representation on the basis of drawing exchange files and the prepration of NC programs. Such systems are significant due to their applicability to a large class of fabricated parts. The system is tested using parts taken from a actual manufacturing environment. The prototype system can be used as a model for the development of a comprehensive expert system shell tailored to numerically controlled environments.
Building Bridges Between Neuroscience, Cognition and Education With Predictive Modeling

As the field of Mind, Brain, and Education seeks new ways to credibly bridge the gap between neuroscience, the cognitive sciences, and education, various connections are being developed and tested. In this article, we present a framework and offers examples of one approach, predictive modeling within a virtual educational system that can include representations from the neural level to the policy level. Researchers could calibrate, test, and question the model, potentially providing quicker, more efficient, and more responsible ways of making advances in the developing educational field. Likewise, virtual investigations using models with this sort of capability can supplement the valuable information derived from carrying out policy and instructional experiments in real educational contexts.
Alignable and nonalignable differences in causal explanations.

Prior research indicates that people may base their causal explanations on distinctive features between an event and a contrasting background instance in which the event did not occur. Research on similarity judgments suggests that there are two types of distinctive features: alignable differences, which are corresponding characteristics of a pair, and nonalignable differences, which are characteristics of one item for which there are no corresponding characteristics in the other. In three experiments, the hypothesis that people’s evaluations of causal explanations vary as a function of feature alignment was examined. The results suggest that people will rate explanations differently on the basis of alignable or nonalignable differences, depending on the type of the event, and that alignability depends on the relational structure among the features of the event.
Adaptive immune system inspired perimeter patrol control strategy

This paper investigates a perimeter patrol control problem in which multiple agents travel back and forth defending a border. A decentralized control inspired from the adaptive immune system TH1/TH2 differentiation mechanism has been proposed. The resulting patrol control exhibits robustness under adversarial conditions. This is primarily because the motion period can be arbitrary, which makes it difficult for intruders to find weak spots for attack. Moreover, this immuno-inspired control can avoid collision and automatically recover from agent failure.
Experimental determination of high-speed GaAs digital circuit interconnect parameters

Coplanar strips that are representative of on-chip high-speed digital circuit interconnects have been fabricated on GaAs and characterized up to 18 GHz. Strip widths of 4, 6, and 8 mu m with strip spacings of 4 and 8 mu m and conductor thicknesses of 2500 AA and 5000 AA were used in the experiments. Line parameters such as resistance, capacitance, inductance per unit length, and propagation constant were extracted from these measurements. Measurement results confirm the quasi-TEM (transverse electromagnetic) properties of such interconnects. >
Anti-proliferative effects of simocyclinone D8 (SD8), a novel catalytic inhibitor of topoisomerase II.

Introduction: Simocyclinone D-8 (SD8), a semi-synthetic compound derived from yeast, has been shown to decrease the proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. It has been shown to be a potent bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitor, a homologue of human topoisomerase II (hTopoII). We tested SD8 activity alone and in combination with cisplatin against malignant mesothelioma (MM) and non-small cell cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Methods: Inhibition of hTopoII supercoiling function by SD8 and a known hTopoII poison, etoposide, were done by in vitro assay using purified hTopoII and kinetoplast DNA as the substrate. The DNA products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis after treatment with increasing concentrations of each drug. Mesothelioma cell lines (H2373, H2461 and H2596) and NSCLC cell lines (H2030, H460, and H2009) grown in RPMI with 10% calf serum were used. Non-malignant mesothelial cells, LP9, were grown in 1:1 ratio of MCDB:199E medium supplemented with 15% calf serum, 0.4 μg/mL hydrocortisone, and 15 ng/mL epidermal grown factor. Cell proliferation assays were performed in 96-well plates using the CCK-8 kit (Dojindo inc.). Cells were treated for 72 h with various SD8 concentrations and controls containing equal volume of the vehicle, DMSO. Treated cells were assayed for the induction of apoptosis with poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP) cleavage assay. Results: Biochemical assays revealed that the IC50 for hTopoII inhibition was 100 μM for SD8 and 400 μM for etoposide. SD8 inhibited hTopoII function without inducing DNA cleavage events. SD8 inhibited the growth of NSCLC and Mesothelioma cells with IC50 ranging from 75–125 μM. Furthermore, SD8 was not toxic to non-transformed primary mesothelial cell line, LP9 at the IC50 doses. SD8 induced apoptosis in all cell lines tested. Conclusions: SD8 inhibits hTopoII in vitro without inducing DNA strands breaks and has significant activity against NSCLC and MM cell lines. While doses required for SD8 anticancer activity are unlikely to be achieved in vivo, chemical modifications to SD8 to increase its potency could lead to improved therapies for these diseases.
Performance of Different Soil Model Configurations in Simulating Ground Surface Temperature and Surface Fluxes

Abstract This study compares three modifications to the one-dimensional planetary boundary layer scheme that is implemented in the σ–θ hybrid-b version of the Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction System (MAPS) and the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC). All three modifications are based on the incorporation of a simple soil model into the basic version to more accurately calculate the moisture and heat fluxes across the ground surface. The presented schemes are of increasing sophistication: the first model combines the soil model with heat and moisture budget equations for the ground surface and uses an explicit numerical scheme to compute the surface fluxes; the second model uses a more energy-conservative implicit solution for the latent and sensible surface fluxes and heat and moisture soil fluxes; the third model further incorporates a simple parameterization of the evapotranspiration process. The comparison includes the effect of different schemes on diurnal changes of surface temperature and soil heat flux. The ...
Enlarging the Region of Attraction of Equilibria of Underactuated Systems Using Impulsive Inputs

Underactuated dynamic systems typically have multiple isolated equilibria, and therefore, a stabilizing controller is effective only in the region of attraction of the equilibrium. An impulsive control method is proposed for enlarging the region of attraction of stabilized equilibria of underactuated systems. The method relies on obtaining an estimate of the region of attraction and intersection of this region with the impulse manifold. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated through simulations and experiments.
Stem Rot (White Mold) and Tomato Spotted Wilt Resistance among Peanut Genotypes

ABSTRACT Stem rot, also known as white mold (WM), caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., and tomato spotted wilt, caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), are two major disease problems in Georgia peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production. Current fungicides for stem rot control are very effective but expensive, and insecticides usually have little effect on TSWV, which is transmitted by thrips. Consequently, the objective of this study was to evaluate different peanut genotypes for resistance to both of these pathogens. Field test evaluations were conducted for four consecutive years (2010-13) at a site on the agronomy research farm near the Coastal Plain Experiment Station which has a long history of continuous peanut production and a high incidence of stem rot (WM) and TSWV. Results from these field tests showed significant differences among the peanut genotypes evaluated for combined resistance to both diseases. Several genotypes showed low TSWV incidence at mid-season and mid-to-late season. However by...
Two new polytypes of 2,4,6-tri-bromo-benzo-nitrile.

Three polymorphs of 2,4,6-tri­bromo­benzo­nitrile (RCN), C7H2Br3N, two of which are novel and one of which is a redetermination of the original structure first determined by Carter & Britton [(1972). Acta Cryst. B28, 945–950] are found to be polytypic. Each has a layer structure which differs only in the stacking of the layers. Each layer is composed of mol­ecules associated through C≡N⋯Br contacts which form R22(10) rings. Two such rings are associated with each N atom; one with each ortho-Br atom. No new polytypes of 1,3,5-tri­bromo-2-iso­cyano­benzene (RNC) were found but a re-determination of the original structure by Carter et al. [(1977). Cryst. Struct. Commun. 6, 543–548] is presented. RNC was found to be isostructural with one of the novel polytypes of RCN. Unit cells were determined for 23 RCN samples and 11 RNC samples. Polytypes could not be distinguished based on crystal habits. In all four structures, each mol­ecule of the asymmetric unit lies across a mirror plane.
PREVENÇÃO DE QUEDAS EM IDOSOS A PARTIR DO AUTOCUIDADO: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA

Introducao: A luta para manter o bem-estar e enfrentar o adoecimento e incessante no cotidiano daqueles que envelhecem. Os idosos sao naturalmente mais vulneraveis aos multiplos redutores da saude, entre eles, a queda. Objetivo: Levantar producoes cientificas sobre a importância do autocuidado visando a prevencao de quedas em idosos. Metodologia: A pesquisa foi realizada atraves de revisao bibliografica, com busca sistematica, buscando artigos publicados na Biblioteca Virtual de Saude (BVS), tendo como base de dados a Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciencias da Saude (LILACS) e a Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF) publicados entre 2005 e 2015, os quais debatiam sobre a "Prevencao de quedas em idosos a partir do autocuidado". Resultados e Discussao: Foram selecionados no total 16 artigos que compoem este estudo. O autocuidado fundamentado na Teoria de Orem se mostrou uma ferramenta essencial para o gerenciamento de quedas. Levando em consideracao que aumento da idade, uma auto percepcao negativa da saude, o sedentarismo e fatores ambientais sao as principais causas de quedas em idosos, a atuacao do enfermeiro atraves do autocuidado e essencial para diminuir esses indices. Consideracoes finais: Foi constatado que o autocuidado fundamentado em uma analise critica das necessidades e particularidades de cada cliente e instrumento essencial para reducao do indice de quedas em idosos. Descritores: Enfermagem; Idoso; Queda; Autocuidado e Teoria de Orem.
An Internally Consistent and Critically Reviewed Thermodynamic Database for Geochemical Modelling

Chemical speciation codes were written to aid interpretation of geochemical systems and are not specific to problems of waste disposal. However, owing to the complexity of the disposal environment, increasing reliance is being placed on such models in assessing environmental impact. This, in turn, requires a demonstration that both the software itself and any supporting data have been subjected to adequate verification and validation procedures. In recent years a large number of thermodynamic databases have been assembled. These differ depending on the compiler’s perceived requirements and, consequently, widely different results may be obtained for common problems. Provision of a database fulfilling certain quality requirements increases substantially the confidence in the results of modelling work.
Mechanism of demyelination in JHM virus encephalomyelitis. Electron microscopic studies.

Weanling mice were given intraperitoneal inoculations of the neurotropic, JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus, the virulence of which had been altered by repeated mouse passages. Five to seven days later many animals developed hind leg paralysis. The pathology consisted of an acute encephalomyelitis with patchy demyelinating lesions in the brain stem and spinal cord. Virus particles, consistent with the appearance of corona viruses, were found in the cytoplasm of cells that were identified as oligondendrocytes by demonstrating connections of their plasma membranes with myelin lamellae. Following the degeneration of oligodendrocytes the myelin sheaths disintegrated or were stripped off intact axons by cytoplasmic tongues of polymorpho- and mononuclear leucocytes that intruded between myelin lamellae. The findings indicate that JHM virus has an affinity for oligodendrocytes in weanling mice and that demyelination occurs subsequently to the degeneration of the infected oligodendrocytes.
UTILIZATION AND PREDICTORS OF ELECTRICAL CARDIOVERSION FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Atrial fibrillation (AF) poses a huge healthcare burden. Electrical cardioversion (DCCV) has been an effective rhythm control therapy for AF. We sought to examine the use of DCCV in patients with AF and to identify predictors for undergoing DCCV. We identified patients with a primary discharge
Connecting Theory and Experiment To Understand Miscibility in Polymer and Small Molecule Mixtures

In this article, we discuss applications of our locally correlated lattice (LCL) theory to problems involving small molecules (e.g., simple alkanes), ionic liquids, and polymer melts and blends. The theory employs a compressible lattice model (segments and vacancies) combined with integral equation-based nearest neighbor segment–segment probabilities (“local” correlations) leading to analytic solutions (e.g., a simple three-parameter equation of state) that are applicable for modeling the thermodynamic properties of fluids and fluid mixtures in both gas and liquid states of aggregation. The theory incorporates a physically meaningful set of molecular parameters that are transferable and that have been shown both to capture and to predict fundamental thermodynamic behavior. The model can be used to study the full spectrum of thermodynamic properties, ranging from pressure–volume–temperature behavior to phase equilibria for pure and mixed systems. The applications discussed in this paper, which encompass bo...
Myocardial T1 mapping as a diagnostic tool in pediatric patients with a concern for cardiac disease

Background Myocardial tissue characterization with both native T1 mapping and T1 mapping following gadolinium based contrast agents (T1 enhanced) has emerged as an important asset of CMR imaging [1]. However, there is only minimal experience in pediatrics [2]. Native T1 has shown to be a marker of myocardial edema, and may play a role in pathologic states such as myocarditis [3]. T1 enhanced mapping has shown to be a useful biomarker for disease sates with diffuse fibrosis, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and is comparable to myocardial biopsy [4]. Purpose: To examine the effectiveness of CMR myocardial characterization by native T1 and T1 enhanced mapping in a heterogenous group of pediatric patients with signs concerning for cardiomyopathy or myocarditis.
Growth of ADHD Children, Stimulants and Gender

The impart of gender, development, and stimulant therapy on the growth of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was examined at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston.
Demonstration of Dilated Common Bile Duct

In six patients with severe jaundice who proved at operation or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram to have grossly dilated common bile ducts, a tubular structure was demonstrated ultrasonically located where one would expect the common bile duct to be. Control observations in patients who did not have dilated common bile ducts have all failed to demonstrate this structure, suggesting that it is not the portal vein. Tentative conclusions are that if the common bile duct is dilated to a true diameter of about 1.5 cm or more, it is demonstrable by ultrasonic scanning.
Epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases,Yangchun,2011-2013

Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS in Yangchun during 2011 and 2013 so as to provide a scientific basis for developing public health intervention. Methods Epidemic data of HIV / AIDS from 2011-2013 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method. Results A total of 227 HIV / AIDS cases were reported during the three years. The average annual incidence was6. 59 per 100 000. Case numbers in the top 5 towns were 51 cases in Chuncheng,41 in Gangmei,22 in Chunwan,17 in Heshui,and 17 in Pomian,respectively,accounting for 65. 20% of the total number of reported cases. Amongst all the cases,169 cases were males and 58,females; the male to female ratio was2. 91∶ 1; 208( 91. 63%) cases were concentrated in the group aged 30 years and over. The occupation was mainly the peasant( 127 cases,55. 95%). Heterosexual contact was the main transmission route( 81. 94%). The way of case finding was mainly the clinical detection in hospitals( 43. 17%),followed by voluntary counseling testing( VCT)( 34. 36%). Conclusion HIV / AIDS epidemic presented increasing trend year by year. The HIV / AIDS cases were mainly the males aged 30 years and over. The prevention publicity and education should be strengthened especially for the rural population,and the coverage of hospital screening and VCT should be expanded in the future.
Global Impressions of Social Skills: Behavioral Predictors

(1984). Global Impressions of Social Skills: Behavioral Predictors. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 8, Communication Yearbook 8, pp. 446-463.
A transitional structural state and anomalous Fe-Mg order-disorder in Mg-rich orthopyroxene (Mg (sub 0.75) Fe (sub 0.25) ) 2 Si 2 O 6

ABSTRACf From in-situ structure and site occupancy refinements of a synthetic orthopyroxene, (Mm and (2) the In KD values (where KD = FeM1MgM2/ FeM2MgM1) vary linearly with liT (K) between 1000 and 1200 K, but nonlinearly between 1200 and 1300 K. The drastic straightening of the silicate chains at 1300 K is accompanied by the attainment of very similar configurations of the SiO. tetrahedra, SiA and SiB, in shapes, sizes, and out-of-plane tiltings. The rigid-body thermal vibration analysis suggests that the librational motion of the SiA tetrahedron (8.1°2) is slightly larger than that of SiB (5.2°2) at 296 K but becomes considerably smaller (48.0°2) than that of SiB (77.3°2) at 1300 K. The M I octahedron remains nearly regular from 296 to 1300 K, whereas the M2 coordination changes from sixfold (296 K) to sevenfold (1200 K) and to sixfold (1300 K) because of the bridging 03B moving out and 03B' moving into the coordination sphere (r ~ 3.0 A) at elevated temperatures. At 1300 K, the highly distorted M2 octahedron shares two edges with SiA and SiB, rather than one with SiA at 296 K, and the structure has all features of the high-temperature orthopyroxene phase predicted by Pannhorst (1979), which, in fact, is a transitional structural state between orthopyroxene and the so-called protoenstatite. On the basis of the configurations of the silicate chains in Mg- and Fe-rich orthopyroxenes at high temperature, an explanation is given as to why Mg-rich orthopyroxenes tend to transform to the protoenstatite structure with increasing temperature, whereas Fe-rich ones tend to transform to a clinopyroxene with space group C2/c. The anomalous behavior of the Fe-Mg order-disorder above 1200 K is attributed to the existence of the transitional state, particularly the changing charge distribution around the M2 site.
Prevalence of cell-free DNA mutations in patients with renal cell carcinoma: Preliminary findings

I quantity of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been shown to correspond to many solid tumors. Circulating cell-free DNA is elevated in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and limited data suggests potential utilityof cfDNA quantificationin RCC prognosis. While there are select studies analyzing hypermethylation or microsatellite alterations of cfDNA, many studies in RCC analyze total amount and/or length of cfDNA.As there are other non-malignant causes of elevated cfDNA, including endothelial dysfunction, trauma, and autoimmune disease, a more specific method to detect RCCassociated cfDNA would be advantageous.
That is what friends do: employee friendliness and innovation

Abstract Recent literature suggests that labor related issues can impact corporate innovation. In this study we hypothesize and find that firms with congenial work environments innovate more and have greater innovative efficiency. Our results also suggest that cash profit sharing and employee involvement have a positive bearing whereas union relationships have a negative impact on innovation output of a firm. In addition, subsample analysis reveals that employee-friendly policies are more important in industries having higher employee power. Our results are consistent with the logic that happy and satisfied employees tend to be more productive than the unhappy and dissatisfied ones. Our work suggests a channel through which satisfied employees contribute towards increasing firm value − by increasing the innovation productivity and efficiency of the firm. So, firms must make continued efforts towards creating and maintaining a friendly work environment.
Molecular Basis of T-Cell Exhaustion

T-cell exhaustion is common during chronic infections, cancer, exposure to persisting antigens, and can prevent optimal immunity. Exhausted T cells are defined by the loss of ability to perform effector functions efficiently, low proliferative capacity, and poor survival following antigen stimulation. In addition, it has become clear that exhausted T cells co-express multiple inhibitory receptors that negatively regulate their function. Indeed, receptors such as PD-1 have become major targets of clinical immunotherapies in cancer and infectious disease aimed at re-invigorating exhausted T cells. Our work has recently defined transcriptional networks of T-cell exhaustion and has focused on the role of key transcription factors, including T-bet and Eomesodermin (Eomes), in controlling the sustainability and terminal differentiation of exhausted T cell populations. Chronic infections and persisting antigen exposure often strains the sustainability or regenerative capacity of exhausted T cell populations resulting in an eventual collapse in immunity. We have found a key role for T-bet in sustaining a progenitor pool of exhausted CD8 T cells during chronic infection, while the related transcription factor Eomes governs terminal differentiation. These represent unique functions for T-bet and Eomes since these transcription factors are associated with different roles in functional memory T cells, highlighting the contextual dependence of transcriptional regulation guiding T-cell exhaustion. Additional studies are focusing on the role of other transcription factors such as BATF in T-cell activation and exhaustion, and on the role of inhibitory receptors including PD-1 in shaping the differentiation of exhausted CD8 T-cell subsets. Ultimately, a more precise molecular understanding of T-cell exhaustion should lead to novel and more robust clinical interventions to reverse exhaustion in settings of persisting infections and cancer. Disclosures: Wherry: Genentech: Patents & Royalties.
Responsibility and Criminal Law

Is it fanciful to to describe law as purposeful? The common reader will readily acknowledge that there must be some point to criminal legislation and punishment. It would be a nasty joke if there were no aim to the business of prohibiting and prescribing conduct, arresting and trying suspects, pronouncing and imposing punishment. Whatever our conception of the goals and procedures appropriate to criminal legislation and punishment, no one will seriously argue that the legal enterprise is conducted without any end in view.
Development and Scope of the Arene-Fused Domino Michael/Mannich Reaction: Application to the Total Syntheses of Aspidosperma Alkaloids (−)-Aspidospermidine, (−)-Tabersonine, and (−)-Vincadifformine

The development and application of the arene-fused domino Michael/Mannich route to the tetrahydrocarbazole (ABE) core of Aspidosperma alkaloids is described. The scope of this novel transformation was studied in terms of the nucleophilic component (i.e., N-sulfinyl metallodienamine) and the electrophilic component (i.e., Michael acceptor). The successful application of this methodology toward the concise total syntheses of classical indole alkaloids (−)-aspidospermidine, (−)-tabersonine, and (−)-vincadifformine in 10–11 steps, respectively, is also discussed.
The moderating effect of perceived organizational support on the relationships between organizational justice and objective measures of cardiovascular health

ABSTRACTThis paper builds on a recent meta-analytic review on the relationships between organizational justice and health. Specifically, we examine the moderating role of perceived organizational support (POS) on the relationships between organizational justice and three objective cardiovascular health measures, namely, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure, among a population of 290 public construction workers. The interaction between justice and POS was statistically significant using procedural justice, demonstrating that procedural justice is associated with improvements in the three health outcomes only when POS is relatively high. In other words, higher levels of both procedural justice and POS were needed for reduced heart rate and reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However, the interaction between distributive justice and POS did not significantly relate to the health outcomes. This study makes a contribution to the field by focusing the effects of psychosoc...
A jellium model of a catalyst particle in carbon nanotube growth.

We show how a jellium model can represent a catalyst particle within the density-functional theory based approaches to the growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The advantage of jellium is an abridged, less computationally taxing description of the multi-atom metal particle, while at the same time in avoiding the uncertainty of selecting a particular atomic geometry of either a solid or ever-changing liquid catalyst particle. A careful choice of jellium sphere size and its electron density as a descriptive parameter allows one to calculate the CNT–metal interface energies close to explicit full atomistic models. Further, we show that using jellium permits computing and comparing the formation of topological defects (sole pentagons or heptagons, the culprits of growth termination) as well as pentagon–heptagon pairs 5|7 (known as chirality-switching dislocation).
How stories lodge in lives

ABSTRACTThis article reviews South Asian and related ethnographic literature from the 1970s to the present, describing oral performance of narratives of various kinds, mostly by women, in South Asia. It highlights shared themes in this literature such as discussions of how performed narratives reflect upon and also contribute to the construction of social personhood by performers and their audiences, and notes that the works reviewed develop insights on the expression through narrative performances of values and social models (resistive, subversive, dissensus) that oppose or disassemble dominant patriarchal ideas. The article concludes by suggesting topics for further scrutiny in future studies, including delineations of public and private domains of performance, the effects of pervasive social and economic change presently in progress on narrative use, and reconsideration of gendered distribution of patriarchy-resistant or -critical performance. It essentially surveys what has been accomplished in narrat...
Strength and dynamic fatigue of silicon nitride at intermediate temperatures

The flexure strength distributions and dynamic fatigue of GS44, NT551, and NT154 silicon nitrides were determined at intermediate temperatures (≤850°C) in ambient air. GS44 and NT551 were fabricated by gas pressure sintering and had a larger volume fraction of secondary phase than the hot-isostatically pressed NT154. The inert characteristic strength for the GS44 and NT551 decreased with temperature while that for the NT154 was statistically independent of temperature. The slow crack growth exponent, N, for the GS44 and NT551 exhibited a 70–80% decrease between 700 and 850°C while the strength of NT154 was comparatively independent of stressing rate at 850°C. Associated with those changes in mechanical performances, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) for the GS44 and NT551 sharply increased between 700 and 850°C while that for the NT154 did not. Although the observed change in CTE (and the temperature range where it occurred) did not have any obvious correlation with a change in inert strength at these intermediate temperatures, its presence was an indicator of a threshold temperature where dynamic fatigue resistance was compromised if the temperature exceeded it. The change in material state (and the associated temperature region for which it occurs) is linked to the equilibrium state of the secondary phase in the silicon nitride.
Waveforms for Neural Stimulation

Abstract The stimulation waveform describes the applied current, i(t), or voltage, v(t), as a function of time. The characteristics of the stimulation waveform contribute to the effectiveness, efficiency, and risks of electrical stimulation, and thus consideration of waveform characteristics is of paramount importance in the design and application of neuromodulation therapies. This chapter reviews the fundamental considerations of waveform effects as well as designs intended to improve performance in the three performance domains of efficiency, selectivity, and risk.
AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICY: ‘AMERICA FIRST’?

There has been a growing openness and importance in trade over time as indicated by an increasing ratio of trade to gross domestic product for the World. However, some recent movements have been more protectionist and less open to trade. The potential impacts of less trade are explored with the United States (US) taken as an example. Trade agreements have been important in increasing trade by the US, particularly for US agriculture which has had a trade surplus since 1959. Countries should benefit from trade according to economic theory. However, stances taken by the US administration during the first half of 2017 have resulted in the withdrawal of the US from the Trans-Partnership Agreement and an announced renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement. With falling US farm income, the potential undoing of trade agreement benefits, and possible trade retaliations, US agriculture is concerned about any potential disruption in exports and losses from less trade. In addition, US consumers and importers of US agriculture should be concerned about a potential decrease in trade. JEL Code: Q18
Technological Features of Colonial Glazed Pottery from el Convento de Santo Domingo (Antigua, Guatemala). Similarities and Differences Between Colonial and Spanish pottery

According to historic documentation, production of majolica at Santiago de Guatemala began no later than 40 years after the foundation of the city in 1543. In terms of majolica production and quality, we can consider the seventeenth century as the high point for majolica production in Antigua. Historic documents reflect the existence of more than 16 majolica masters in the city, who produced Guatemalan majolica pottery that is typified by black-on-white patterns, with green, yellow, and/or blue decorative elements (Lujan 1975). Although the first priests of the Dominican order arrived in Antigua in 1559, the convent of Santo Domingo was not built until the mid-seventeenth century. The convent, which was home to more than 80 priests, was recognized as one of the most significant religious centers in Guatemala at that time, and consequently a significant number of majolica tiles, plates and pots were used in its construction and in everyday-life. Unfortunately, the convent was adversely impacted by earthquakes in 1773; the resulting structural damage forced the Dominicans to abandon the site and move to Nueva Guatemala de Asuncion, where the capital of the former Capitania General de Guatemala had moved to in 1776.
Hegelianism and Platonism

I propose in this paper not so much to consider what Hegel said about Plato in that comparatively commonplace piece of work, his Lectures on the History of Philosophy, nor what he actually derived from his reading of the Phaedo, the Republic, the Parmenides, the Sophist and the Timaeus and other dialogues that he closely studied, as rather the essential affinity of his thought with Plato’s, the degree to which Platonism and Hegelianism are, in my view, the same philosophy, with differences of emphasis and elaboration which make Hegelianism, all in all, its richer and more satisfactory version. I believe it is important to stress the extent to which all really deep-going philosophical systems converge in their ultimate findings, and how a great deal that occurs in one is no more than the transposition into another key of what occurs in the other. The same terrain is being worked over, though with a different approach and other instruments of search, and the differences which are very salient for followers or for commentators, interested in developmental stages and influences, fade into insignificance. In treating Hegel in this way, I am treating him much as he treated his historical predecessors. Thus in a passage from the Science of Logic that I was teaching from recently, Hegel shows how his notion of Being-for-Self was quite differently anticipated by the Greek Atomists, by Kant in his treatment of the Transcendental Unity of Apperception, by Spinoza in his view of the relation of Substance to its Modes, by Malebranche in his view of the relation of God to his own or anyone else’s ideas, and by Leibniz in his imperfectly executed doctrine of monadic windowlessness.