cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improved Hopfield networks by training with noisy data

An approach to training a generalized Hopfield network is developed and evaluated. Both the weight symmetricity constraint and the zero self-connection constraint are removed from standard Hopfield networks. Training is accomplished with backpropagation through time, using noisy versions of the memorized patterns. Training in this way is referred to as noisy associative training (NAT). Performance of NAT is evaluated on both random and correlated data. NAT has been tested on several data sets, with a large number of training runs for each experiment. The data sets used include uniformly distributed random data and several data sets adapted from the U.C. Irvine Machine Learning Repository. Results show that for random patterns, Hopfield networks trained with NAT have an average overall recall accuracy 6.1 times greater than networks produced with either Hebbian or pseudo-inverse training. Additionally, these networks have 13% fewer spurious memories on average than networks trained with pseudoinverse or Hebbian training. Typically, networks memorizing over 2N (where N is the number of nodes in the network) patterns are produced. Performance on correlated data shows an even greater improvement over networks produced with either Hebbian or pseudo-inverse training-an average of 27.8 times greater recall accuracy, with 14% fewer spurious memories.
Accessible image analysis for art assessment

Abstract Until now, art therapists relied on manual ratings for instruments such as the Face Stimulus Assessment, which is a series of stimulus drawings used to garner projective information from clients [FSA, Betts, 2003 ; Hamilton, M. K. (2008). Developing a standardized rating system for the Face Stimulus Assessment (FSA) using nine scales adapted from the Formal Elements Art Therapy Scale (FEATS). Unpublished master's thesis, Avila University, Kansas City, MO]. The current study outlines several image analysis techniques intended to complement interpretive analysis through demonstrating public domain image analysis software (PDIAS) capabilities adapted for measuring formal elements [Gantt, L., & Tabone, C. (1998). The formal elements art therapy scale. Morgantown, WV: Gargoyle Press]. An FSA drawing completed by an individual formally diagnosed with schizophrenia serves as the model. This study also extends manual [Gantt, L., & Tabone, C. (1998). The formal elements art therapy scale. Morgantown, WV: Gargoyle Press] and computer-assisted ratings [Kim, S. I., Bae, J., & Lee, Y. (2007). A computer system to rate the color-related formal elements in art therapy assessments. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 34, 3] through this model by using readily available PDIAS. Case study results indicate that PDIAS is able to analyze accurately formal elements of an FSA drawing. Research implications include improved inter-rater reliability in the adapted Prominence of Color Scale [Gantt, L., & Tabone, C. (1998). The formal elements art therapy scale. Morgantown, WV: Gargoyle Press; Hamilton, M. K. (2008). Developing a standardized rating system for the Face Stimulus Assessment (FSA) using nine scales adapted from the Formal Elements Art Therapy Scale (FEATS). Unpublished master's thesis, Avila University, Kansas City, MO] and the development of highly accurate art therapy assessment rating scales for those without extensive computer analysis backgrounds.
Blast Wave Exposure Impairs Memory and Decreases Axon Initial Segment Length

Abstract Exposure to a blast wave has been proposed to cause mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), with symptoms including altered cognition, memory, and behavior. This idea, however, remains controversial, and the mechanisms of blast-induced brain injury remain unknown. To begin to resolve these questions, we constructed a simple compressed air shock tube, placed rats inside the tube, and exposed them to a highly reproducible and controlled blast wave. Consistent with the generation of a mild injury, 2 weeks after exposure to the blast, we found that motor performance was unaffected, and a panel of common injury markers showed little or no significant changes in expression in the cortex, corpus callosum, or hippocampus. Similarly, we were unable to detect elevated spectrin breakdown products in brains collected from blast-exposed rats. Using an object recognition task, however, we found that rats exposed to a blast wave spent significantly less time exploring a novel object when compared with control rats....
Equivalence of adaptive array diagonal loading and omnidirectional jamming

Diagonal loading, where a diagonal matrix is added to the estimate of the covariance matrix, is often used in adaptive arrays to minimize the array's responsiveness to random fluctuations in the estimate of the interference environment. Poor estimates of the covariance matrix often result in high random sidelobes in the sample matrix inversion (SMI) adapted pattern. It is shown in this communication that an omnidirectional spread of uniform jammers arriving at a linear array of half-wavelength spaced elements with cosine element patterns also produces a diagonal matrix. This equivalence of form is useful in visualizing the effects of diagonal loading and understanding the resulting patterns. >
A population study of birth weight and the risk of caesarean section: Scotland 1980–1996

Objectives 1. To describe the relation between birthweight and risk of emergency caesarean section at term; 2. to determine whether the relation between birthweight and caesarean section differed between male and female babies; and 3. to determine what proportion of the increased rates of caesarean section could be related to greater birthweights. Design Retrospective population study. Setting Data collected from Scottish Morbidity Record 1980 to 1996. Population All first singleton deliveries by emergency caesarean section and non-elective vaginal birth of live babies at 40 weeks of gestation (n = 120,854). Main outcome measure Delivery by emergency caesarean section. Results There was a U-shaped relation between birthweight and the risk of caesarean section, with the lowest risk associated with weights in the range 3000-3500 g. Overall, males were more likely to be delivered by caesarean section (relative risk = 1.2, 95% CI 1.2-1.3). The association between male sex and increased risk of caesarean section persisted after adjusting for birthweight, but only males weighing < 4000 g were at increased risk of caesarean section compared with similarly sized females. Between 1980 and 1996, there were linear increases in the rate of caesarean section (from 7.1% to 10.7%, r 2 = 0.8, P < 0.001) and median birthweight (from 3360 g in 1980 to 3420 g in 1996, r 2 = 0.8, P < 0.001). The population attributable fraction of caesarean sections related to year of delivery 1981-1996 was not significantly altered by adjusting for birthweight (22.3% vs 21.6%). Conclusions There is no evidence to suggest that increasing birthweights have contributed to increasing rates of caesarean section in Scotland between 1980 and 1996 among singleton first births non-electively delivered at 40 weeks of gestation.
A high efficiency, gadolinium loaded mineral oil scintillator for neutron detection☆

Abstract A mineral oil scintillator for neutron detection has been loaded with gadolinium utilizing the solubility in mineral oil of the ternary complex formed by reacting gadolinium hexanoate with tri-n-octylphosphineoxide.
Preparing Entry-Level Counselors for Collaboration

Over a period of 5 years, faculty members from the North Carolina State University's Counselor Education Program have integrated a curriculum enhancement to promote collaboration behaviors among program graduates across the master's degree options for training school, college, and community counselors. The School-College-Community Collaboration (SC3) idea was integrated into a 48-credit master's degree curriculum accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs. The authors present the rationale for the training program, historical background, program enhancement content, evaluation findings and faculty responses, and future plans for the SC3 enbancement program. Approximately 7 years ago, 33% of the tenure-track faculty members of the Counselor Education Program left North Carolina State University to retire and move elsewhere. The dean challenged the remaining faculty members to present a rationale for the program that would justify replacing the missing faculty members. The dean's challenge provided an opportunity for the remaining faculty members to review the existing program and consider new ideas. The primary product of the effort was to integrate a training program enhancement into the master's-level program that was related to a theme initially identified as school-commun ity collaboration and then changed to School-College-Community Collaboration (SC3). The training program is located in a southeastern Research I land grant university. The university has master's and doctoral programs accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs in counselor education with entry-level (master's degree) options in school, college, and community counseling. The SC3 thematic training program enhancement was integrated into the three entry-level options. Presented in this article are the rationale for the training program, historical background, program enhancement content, evaluation findings and faculty responses, and future plans for the SC3 enhancement program.
EHD-Enhanced Forced Convection by Oscillatory Gas Flow in Horizontal Channels

Prior studies of enhanced forced convection by electrohydrodynamics (EHD) in a horizontal channel have revealed the existence of oscillatory flows. These oscillatory flows are the product from the interaction between the primary flow and electric body force. It has also been shown that heat transfer can be significantly enhanced when operating in this oscillatory flow mode. Thus, it is speculated that heat transfer may be further enhanced by exciting the primary flow in a frequency similar to those observed for the oscillatory flows (i.e., the so-called resonant effect). To verify this speculation, computations have been performed for primary flows with a frequency that is either a fraction or multiple of the natural frequency observed in the original oscillatory flows. The results show that an inlet flow excited at the natural frequencies produces the best heat transfer enhancement in the single-cell regime, and the enhancement increases with the Reynolds number. However, the results show an opposite trend in the multiple-cells regime.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Polyarthrite rhumatoïde, mise au point sur le traitement et prise en charge anesthésique

Resume La polyarthrite rhumatoide est une maladie chronique evoluant par poussees remissions. L’atteinte touche preferentiellement les petites articulations mais une extension au rachis cervical pose un probleme particulier pour l’anesthesie en raison de difficultes d’intubation potentielle et du risque de lesions neurologiques lie a la survenue d’une subluxation de l’axis sur l’atlas. Les traitements tels que les AINS ou les corticoides doivent etre pris en consideration en perioperatoire, car il importe de ne pas les interrompre tout en sachant qu’ils augmentent le risque septique comme d’autres traitements (methotrexate) qui ont un effet immunosuppresseur. L’evaluation des patients doit rechercher egalement une atteinte systemique (pericardite, pneumopathie chronique interstitielle) susceptible d’interferer avec la conduite de la prise en charge anesthesique. Celle-ci doit privilegier, autant que faire se peut, l’anesthesie locoregionale, veiller a l’inconfort de l’installation sur table, particulierement prejudiciable a ces patients, et programmer une bonne analgesie ainsi que la poursuite du traitement de fond.
Modeling and automating selection of guarding techniques for datapath elements

While guarded evaluation has proven an effective energy saving technique in arithmetic circuits, good methodologies do not exist for determining when and how to guard for maximal savings. Three new internal guarding techniques are presented in adders that increase energy savings up to 38% over existing external guarding techniques. This allows guarded evaluation to be effective at duty cycles as much as 20% higher than are currently practical. A modeling methodology is presented defining the energy and energy delay of a unit in a generic application space. These models can easily be incorporated into an automated selection technique to determine the optimal guarded implementation. This technique is tested on a DSP ASIP, increasing overall energy savings by preventing unnecessary guarding. The data is generalized and it is observed that guarding is most beneficial when the ratio of guarding transistors to driven computational transistors is 1/10 or lower.
Parallel algorithms for matroid intersection and matroid parity

A maximum linear matroid parity set is called a basic matroid parity set, if its size is the rank of the matroid. We show that determining the existence of a common base (basic matroid parity set) for linear matroid intersection (linear matroid parity) is in NC2, provided that there are polynomial number of common bases (basic matroid parity sets). For graphic matroids, we show that finding a common base for matroid intersection is in NC2, if the number of common bases is polynomial bounded. To our knowledge, these algorithms are the first deterministic NC algorithms for matroid intersection and matroid parity. We also give a new RNC2 algorithm that finds a common base for graphic matroid intersection. We prove that if there is a black-box NC algorithm for Polynomial Identity Testing (PIT), then there is an NC algorithm to determine the existence of a common base (basic matroid parity set) for linear matroid intersection (linear matroid parity).
Characterization of MCSF-induced proliferation and subsequent osteoclast formation in murine marrow culture

To clarify events involved in 1,25(OH)2D3-stimulated osteoclast-like cell (OCLC) formation in primary murine marrow culture, we have characterized kinetics of precursor proliferation and fusion and their dependence on macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF). 3H-thymidine nuclear incorporation in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive multinucleated cells (TRAP+ MNCs) was assessed: 3H-thymidine incorporation was greatest when tracer was added during day 4 or 5, with labeled nuclei in 81% (day 4) and 90% (day 5) of the TRAP+ MNCs counted at the end of day 7. The percentage of total nuclei labeled was highest when 3H-thymidine was dosed on day 4 (58%), decreasing to 2% by day 7. Final TRAP+ MNC numbers were depleted by 80% when treated for 24 h with hydroxyurea on either day 3 or 4; this inhibition dropped to 57% and 12% when hydroxyurea was pulsed during days 5 or 6, respectively. The absence of 1,25(OH)2D3 during days 1-4 caused 70% attenuation of TRAP+ MNC formation; however, exposure to 3H-thymidine during day 4 in this experiment resulted in subsequent labeling of 81% of the TRAP+ MNCs formed, indicating that precursor proliferation occurred in the absence of 1,25(OH)2D3. To demonstrate that proliferation required MCSF, cultures were exposed to a monoclonal anti-MCSF antibody during days 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7. Inhibition of TRAP+ MNC formation was 85% when antibody was added during day 3. Antibody treatment after day 5 had little effect on the OCLC number. Fusion of precursors showed steady progression with OCLCs containing 4.8 +/- 0.3 nuclei at the end of day 4, 8.3 +/- 0.5 nuclei after day 5, 12.0 +/- 1.3 after day 6, and 13.7 +/- 1.5 at the end of day 7. This steady accretion of nuclei was unaffected by doses of MCSF antibody which blocked proliferation. In conclusion, we have shown that OCLCs arise from an MCSF-dependent expansion of the precursor pool occurring during days 3 and 4. Fusion of these precursors, which begins as proliferation diminishes, is able to progress in the presence of anti-MCSF antibody. These results should help refine the analysis of factors affecting proliferation and fusion of osteoclasts in murine marrow culture.
A pharmacological study of dl-desoxyephedrine hydrochloride.

The LD50 (intraperitoneal) of dl-desoxyephedrine hydrochloride for rats and mice was determined to be 54.48 and 61.16 mg./Kg., respectively. The oral LD50 for mice was 143 mg./Kg. Chronic toxicity data following intraperitoneal injections in rats are reported. Effects of the drug on the isolated uteri and on the isolated ileum of both mice and guinea pigs were determined. The drug counteracted both pilocarpine and barium spasm of the intestine of these animals. Body temperature was elevated by small doses of dl-desoxyephedrine. The compound usually stimulated respiration and caused hypotension in anesthetized rabbits. In dogs the pressor effect was only about 1/500 that of epinephrine.
A new determination of EVE's constant

A new determination of the value of Eve's constant, which employed three ionization-chambers of various sizes having area-volume ratios of 0.249, 0.848, and 0.504, respectively, is described. Applying necessary corrections and extrapolating to zero area-volume ratio, a value of Eve's constant of 4.63×109 ion-pairs per cc per gm radium in air at NTP is deduced.
Temperature changes in poly(methyl methacrylate) and high-density polyethylene during rapid compressive deformation

The adiabatic temperature changes for poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and high-density polyethylene are reported as the result of rapid compressive stress applications at different temperatures. A specially-modified Instron capillary rheometer was used in the experiments. Results were examined by determining the experimental thermoelastic coefficients (δT/δ). These were compared with the predicted coefficients from the equation (δT/δ) = ∝LTo/ρCp. Good agreement was found for ambient temperature, and deviations were found for higher temperatures. High-density polyethylene showed higher temperature changes than PMMA, the causes for which are also discussed.
Follow-up on a 1962 case-control study of trace elements as risk factors for stomach cancer in Iceland.

In 1988 a follow-up investigation was made of a case-control study conducted in 1962 in Iceland which tested hypotheses that trace elements in pasture grass, drinking water and cow's milk were associated through diet with cancer of the stomach. Samples were collected in 1962 from 26 farms in the northern county of Skagafjardarsysla and 30 farms in the southern county of Rangarvallasysla. The main objective of the present study was to establish the cancer experience of the 297 residents of the 56 farms since 1962. In the records of the Icelandic Cancer Registry 31 cases of cancer of all types were identified. Six were cancers of the stomach and four of these were from control farms. The revised comparison of trace element analyses for case and control farms yielded no change in earlier results for pasture grass in Skagafjardarsysla (excess levels of B, Na, AI, Fe and Cu on cancer farms), but B appeared as a significant deficiency on cancer farms in Rangarvallasysla. Drinking water results were unchanged (no significant differences), but for milk the significantly high mean values of Fe and Zn reported earlier for Rangarvallasysla did not appear. The pronounced geographical variation in Icelandic stomach cancer incidence that was widely cited from 1961–65 is now believed to have been spurious.
The Kronecker quiver and bases of quantum affine sl2

Abstract We compare various bases of the quantum group U ( s l ^ 2 ) in the context of the Kronecker quiver, and relate them to the Drinfeld presentation.
Bovine milk inhibits proteolytic degradation of epidermal growth factor in human gastric and duodenal lumen.

Abstract R. K. Rao, R. D. Baker and S. S. Baker. Bovine milk inhibits proteolytic degradation of epidermal growth factor in human gastric and duodenal lumen. Peptides 19(3) 495–504, 1998.—Degradation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in human gastric and duodenal lumen was analyzed by incubating 125I-labeled or unlabeled human recombinant EGF with human gastric or duodenal luminal fluids in vitro. Degradation of EGF was assessed by measuring the generation of acid soluble radioactivity or by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Incubation with gastric luminal fluids resulted in a time- and dose-dependent degradation of labeled and unlabeled EGF at pH 2.5 but not at pH 7.5. Duodenal luminal fluids, on the other hand, degraded EGF at pH 7.5 but not at pH 2.5. The rate of degradation of unlabeled EGF in gastric luminal fluids was nearly 12-fold higher than the rate of degradation of labeled EGF, whereas only a slight difference in rates of degradation of labeled and unlabeled EGF was observed in duodenal luminal fluids. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis detected three major degradation products that eluted with retention time of 17.5 min, 20.0 min, and 22.5 min that was associated with a reduction of intact EGF (retention time 23.5 min). Defatted and decaseinated supernatant of bovine milk effectively inhibited the degradation of EGF in both gastric and duodenal luminal fluids. Dietary derived protease inhibitors, such as soya bean trypsin inhibitor, lima bean trypsin inhibitor, egg white protease inhibitor, and Bowman–Birk protease inhibitor prevented EGF degradation in duodenal luminal fluids but failed to inhibit EGF degradation in gastric luminal fluids. These results suggest that bovine milk may contain specific inhibitors that protect EGF from proteolytic degradation in human gastric lumen.
Geotechnical Engineering Issues in Ocean Waste Disposal: A Review

Marine pollution has received considerable attention during the past few years as the news media has focused on such topics as contaminated seafoods, algae blooms, fish and mammal kills, and dirty beaches. The source of these pollution problems are many and include: sewage outfalls, industrial discharges, storm runoff from agricultural lands and metropolitan areas, waste sludges, dredge materials, and highly concentrated chemical and radioactive wastes. Although the United Nations has banned marine dumping, there is still the problem of legacy wastes and low level discharges into the coastal zone. Disposal of these wastes in the marine environment typically involves either: their placement directly on or within the seabed or dilution in the water column. If wastes are diluted in the water column, they have the potential to be adsorbed onto the surface of sediment particles which are settling to the seabed. As particles settle through the water column they are subjected to extensive dispersal and may event...
Nucleic acid and protein content of purified endosymbiote particles of Paramecium aurelia.

Abstract 1. A new method has been developed for the isolation and purification of endosymbiote particles λ, μ, and π from axenically cultivated Paramecium aurelia, stocks 299 λ, 138 μ, and 139 π, based on differential centrifugation of homogenates containing the particles in NaBr solution of different densities. 2. An essential step in the procedure involves the release and early removal of trichocysts, which otherwise interfere with later steps. 3. The method has been applied to the isolation of λ, μ, and π particles from cell suspensions containing 200·106 particle-bearing Paramecium aurelia. Yields average 3.5·1010 λ and 14·1010 μ and π particles corresponding to 10–20 mg dry weight. 4. The particles contain nucleic acids and protein; Mg2+ is essential for maximum retention of protein by the particles. 5. The DNA content of the particles falls within a range commonly found in bacteria.
Male‐male Interactions in Heterosexual and All‐male Wild Mountain Gorilla Groups

Variation in male dispersal and behavior patterns are components of intraspecific differences in social systems. A comparison of male behavior in different social settings can be useful for determining which behavioral mechanisms contribute to variability in social systems. Two heterosexual multimale groups and one all-male group of mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) were observed for over 1100 h at the Karisoke Research Centre, Rwanda. Data on proximity patterns, dominance relationships, aggression, agonistic interventions, affiliation, and homosexual behavior were compared among the males in these groups to examine the influence of female presence, sex ratio, group size, and kinship on male—male interactions. Males in the all-male group stayed closer together, affiliated more, exhibited more homosexual behavior, and were more aggressive toward each other than males in heterosexual groups. However, the males in heterosexual groups showed more wounding and more consistent dominance relationships. Kinship did not influence male-male relationships in the all-male group. The males in the heterosexual groups rarely interacted with one another; they may actively avoid close proximity to reduce aggression. Results suggest that the variable social system of mountain gorillas may be more strongly influenced by demographic factors, male-female social relationships, and male-male competition for mates than by any benefits of male-male relationships.
The use of intraoperative radiation therapy in radical salvage for recurrent cervical cancer: outcome and toxicity.

Abstract Objective: Our purpose was to evaluate the contribution of intraoperative radiation therapy in the management of recurrent cervical cancer. Study design: Twenty-two patients were treated with electron beam intraoperative radiation therapy for recurrent cervical cancers that were confined to the pelvis but were too extensive to be adequately treated by radical surgery alone. All patients underwent extensive surgical dissection for exposure and maximal tumor resection. Doses of intraoperative radiation therapy ranged from 14 to 27.8 Gy (median 22 Gy). Twelve patients received intraoperative radiation therapy to address gross residual disease, and 10 patients were treated for microscopically positive or close surgical margins. Results: The five-year disease-specific survival and local control rates were 43% and 48%, respectively. There were trends toward better local control and disease-specific survival in patients with microscopic residual disease compared with those with gross residual disease. Seven patients had peripheral neuropathy related to treatment, and four of these cases resolved. Conclusion: In carefully selected cases intraoperative radiation therapy contributes to radical salvage of patients with recurrent cervical cancer involving the pelvic wall.
Applications of a two-network model for crosslinks and trapped entanglements

Abstract The dependence of stress and birefringence on strain in uniaxial extension of crosslinked rubbers can accurately be described by a model in which the properties of a network of crosslinks and a network of trapped entanglements are additive. The crosslink network is neo-Hookean and the entanglement network can conveniently be described by the Mooney-Rivlin equation. When the crosslinks are introduced in a state of strain near the glass transition temperature, the two networks have different reference undeformed states; they can be distinguished by appropriate measurements in the state of ease where their associated stresses are equal and opposite and in the state of deformation where the cross-links were introduced and make no contribution to the stress. When partial relaxation is permitted before crosslinking, trapping probabilities can be calculated for both relaxed and unrelaxed entanglements and compared with the Langley theory. The results are consistent with the terminal mechanism of relaxation in the tube theory of Doi and Edwards.
A Polymer Scaffold for Protein Oligomerization

We report the design and synthesis of well-defined polymers for the noncovalent oligomerization of proteins. The reported scaffolds, which were generated by atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), take advantage of the well-characterized interaction between a Ni2+ complex and an oligohistidine sequence (His tag). Thus, our polymers are designed to facilitate the oligomerization of any protein possessing a His tag. We demonstrate that they can oligomerize fibroblast growth factor-8b (FGF-8b) and promote FGF-8b-mediated cell proliferation in the absence of heparin.
Non-Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Children: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Analysis Validating COG Risk Stratifications

Purpose Non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS) are a heterogeneous group of sarcomas that encompass over 35 histologies. With an incidence of ∼500 cases per year in the United States in those Methods and Materials From SEER data from 1988 to 2007, we identified patients ≤18 years of age with NRSTS. Data for age, sex, year of diagnosis, race, registry, histology, grade, primary size, primary site, stage, radiation therapy, and survival outcomes were analyzed. Patients with nonmetastatic grossly resected low-grade tumors of any size or high-grade tumors ≤5 cm were considered low risk. Cases of nonmetastatic tumors that were high grade, >5 cm, or unresectable were considered intermediate risk. Patients with nodal or distant metastases were considered high risk. Results A total of 941 patients met the review criteria. On univariate analysis, black race, malignant peripheral nerve sheath (MPNST) histology, tumors >5 cm, nonextremity primary, lymph node involvement, radiation therapy, and higher risk group were associated with significantly worse overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). On multivariate analysis, MPNST histology, chemotherapy-resistant histology, and higher risk group were significantly poor prognostic factors for OS and CSS. Compared to low-risk patients, intermediate patients showed poorer OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 6.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.53-10.47, P P P P Conclusions The current COG risk group stratification for children with NRSTS has been validated with a large number of children in the SEER database.
Continuation of training as a variable influencing the generalization of speech in a retarded child.

Imitation and differential reinforcement were applied in training a speech-deficient retarded child 4 separate verbal answers to 4 “everyday” questions. Training was provided in only one setting with one experimenter. After the subject had acquired each answer-response in the training situation, probes for stimulus generalization were given by both the trainer and nontrainers. These probes tested the usage of both trained and nontrained question-answering responses under nontraining conditions. Use of the separately trained responses in nontraining contexts increased as training continued beyond the established learning criteria. A concurrent reinforcement procedure for all 4 answerresponses increased the overall generalization effects across individuals and settings; the use of differential reinforcement of nonverbal responses in the training setting decreased the overall generalization effects.
Nonlinear Dissipative Electroelastic Dynamics of an M-Shaped Broadband Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

The use of nonlinear dynamic phenomena for frequency bandwidth enhancement in vibration-based energy harvesting has received growing attention over the last few years. Various designs have been studied to create Duffing oscillators usually by introducing magnetoelastic coupling. In such devices, magnetic forces are typically coupled with elastic beams involving ferromagnetic components to achieve a nonlinear restoring force of the monostable or bistable Duffing type. Other than the increased volume and structural complexity due to additional magnets and discrete components, these magnetoelastic piezoelectric energy harvesters are not suitable to use in various compact applications and in systems that are sensitive to magnetic fields. The M-shaped structural configuration studied in this work overcomes these issues due to the asymmetric stiffness nonlinearity created by a simple structural configuration composed of a bent spring steel beam with piezoelectric patches. The electroelastic dynamics of the M-shaped broadband piezoelectric energy harvester is governed by various interacting nonlinearities, such as the deliberately introduced stiffness nonlinearity of hardening type resulting from the substrate geometry, inherent elastic nonlinearities of softening type as well as hysteretic losses associated with piezoelectric patches, and other dissipative effects due to large velocities experienced in response to base excitation. A recently developed nonlinear non-conservative electroelastic modeling framework for the piezoelectric patches is combined with geometric nonlinearities of the M-shaped energy harvester to establish a nonlinear dissipative model of the electromechanically coupled system. Energy harvesting experiments for a set of resistors and base excitation levels are then performed to experimentally characterize the bandwidth enhancement using the M-shaped broadband piezoelectric energy harvester.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
A chlorpromazine‐induced inhibitor of blood coagulation

An inhibitor of blood coagulation was detected in the plasma of four schizophrenic patients receiving long-term chlorpromazine therapy. The partial thromboplastin time (PTT) was prolonged in all four patients and the prothrombin time (tpt) was prolonged in one. The inhibitor which resembled in many respects that seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), was shown to be associated with the tigM-rich fractions of the serum. None of the patients manifested a clinical bleeding tendency and in two, discontinuation of the chlorpromazine was followed by a decrease in the activity of the anticoagulant. While three of the patients had a positive antinuclear antibody test (ANA) and the fourth a false positive serology for syphilis, no further evidence for SLE was found.
Upper ocean heat content in the Nordic seas

[1] Seven years of temperature profiles are obtained from the Argo float project and are used to study the vertically integrated heat content for the Nordic seas which is broken up into the Norwegian Basin, Greenland Sea, Lofoten region, and Iceland Plateau. The World Ocean Atlas 2005 (WOA05) is used as the climatological baseline for temperature and hence heat content. Temporally and spatially averaged temperature profiles within the Norwegian and Iceland basins show good agreement between the Argo and WOA05 data sets. For the Greenland and Lofoten basins, the WOA05 data show cooler surface temperatures (by 1–2°C) but still lie within 1 standard deviation of each other over the 7-year period. The Argo float data show circulation within each of the basins that is counterclockwise, and some of the floats eventually disperse toward the outer edges of the basins. Vertically integrated heat content from 0 to 1200 m shows similar characteristics as the WOA05 results including the timing and strength of the seasonal variability. The anomalous heat content for the Greenland and Norwegian sea basins is calculated in depth bins of 400 m. The Greenland Sea shows a warming trend over the 7 years of study, which corresponds to a temperature increase of (4.1 ± 0.3) × 10−2 °C/yr. The Norwegian Sea basin shows interannual variability in heat content for the surface layer (0–400 m) that may be related to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). During an NAO+ phase, the Norwegian Basin shows a warm phase, and during an NAO− phase, the Norwegian Basin is in a cold phase; the correlation is small (r = 0.32) but different from zero correlation only at the 90% level, implying that the variability in the AHC may be due to (1) local atmospheric forcing and hence changes in heat loss, (2) atmospheric pressure differences that are not resolved by the NAO index, and (3) exchange of heat with the basin boundaries.
Grasp analysis using deformable fingers

The human hand is unrivaled in its ability to grasp and manipulate objects, but we still do not understand all of its complexities. One benefit it has over traditional robot hands is the fact that our fingers conform to a grasped object's shape, giving rise to larger contact areas and the ability to apply larger frictional forces. In this paper, we demonstrate how we have extended our simulation and analysis system with finite element modeling to allow us to evaluate these complex contact types. We also propose a new contact model that better accounts for the deformations and show how grasp quality is affected. This work is part of a larger project to understand the benefits the human hand has in grasping.
Numerical evaluation of tsunami debris impact loading on wooden structural walls

Abstract Water-based disasters such as tsunami, hurricane, and flood can cause significant structural damage to coastal areas and ultimately result in human and socioeconomic losses. Recent studies have highlighted the difficulties associated with estimating tsunami impact loads on residential structures with greater challenges pertaining to estimating the debris impact loads. The main challenges are associated with large variations in debris mass, shape, velocity, and impact angle. According to FEMA P-646 [1] , although impact of floating debris is required to be considered by the codes, the added mass of water behind the debris and/or the potential for damming when debris is blocked by structural elements are ignored. Additionally, there is a lack of 3D numerical models that can accurately predict debris impact loads. Due to the three-dimensional dynamic nature of the problem, coupled with highly variable factors affecting debris loads, a 3D finite element (FE) analysis is necessary to determine the debris impact on structures as accurately as possible. To date, one of the major obstacles in modeling tsunami impact on structures is the intense computational demand linked with such models. This paper presents the formulation of an efficient 3D FE model with computational fluid dynamic (CFD) capabilities to study debris impact on interior and exterior wood structural panels. Several important parameters such as initial water volume, water velocity, debris shape, and debris density are varied throughout the analysis in order to determine the individual effect of each parameter as well as the overall effect on wood structural walls. The results for an interior wall panels showed that contribution from water height and velocity is more significant the debris mass in the impact force as water height and velocity increase. Additionally, as the water height increases, the impact force due to debris decreases for an interior panel when debris mass is constant. An exterior panel is significantly closer to a rigid structure, therefore, an increase in impact force due to debris is observed with the increase in water height and debris mass. The results can be used by engineers to estimate debris impact load on wood panels with similar dimension and material properties.
A PILOT STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF TRAINING PARENTS OF LANGUAGE-DELAYED CHILDREN IN PRAGMATIC INTERACTION STRATEGIES '

Summary.-This pilot study investigated pragmatic language training on parental expansion of interactive strategies, and a corresponding decrease in using questions and imperatives in parental communication with their language-delayed preschool children. Seven parent-child dyads participated, with the parents receiving training in the acquisition of six pragmatic categories, including reference, model, imitation, description, parallel talk, and expansion. Training results showed a sigdicant increase in the parents' use of parallel talk and a decrease in their use of questions. Apparently in many applied instances talk may incorporate the strategies of referencing, modeling, imitation, description, and expansion. Findings are discussed in terms of parallel talk functioning as a facilitator for language-delayed children. Research on the influence of home environmental factors on language deficits has been reviewed by Schumaker and Sherman (1978). Their research has looked at the crucial role of parents in the language-delayed child's home environment. A question that has been raised, concerning an appropriate model for language training (MacDonald, Blott, Gordon, Speigal, & Hartmann, 1974), is whether training should be conducted solely by the professionals or if parents can be trained to use specific strategies to facilitate enhanced language development in the home. In the past parents have not been directly involved in the services provided for their language-delayed children, however, as behavioral techniques have become more readily available and comprehensible, parents can be provided information that can be effectively worked into the home environment (Kosloff, 1974; Becker, 1977). Koenig and Mervis (1984) studied the interactive basis of severely handicapped and normal children's acquisition of referential language. These findings indicated that, whde caregivers desired to communicate with their delayed children whose cognitive systems were immature, they were unable to make the necessary adjustments. They also suggested that caregivers of severely handicapped children may have different perceptions of their chil
Cytopathology of satellite tobacco mosaic virus and its helper virus in tobacco

Abstract Ultrastructural responses of tobacco cells infected with a newly discovered satellite virus (STMV) that has an isometric morphology and is associated with rigid rodshaped tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were studied in situ . In cells infected with TMV alone,TMV particles occurred as crystalline arrays in the cytoplasm and were usually associated with TMV-characteristic X bodies. In cells infected with both TMV and STMV, particles of STMV occurred only in cells that contained TMV particles, which suggests a correlation between the satellite and helper virus presence. However, the replication and/or accumulation sites of STMV appear to be independent from its helper virus. Unlike TMV particles, STMV particles were associated with several cytopathic structures such as granular inclusions, membranous vesicles of 50–80 nm, and myelin-like bodies which were all bounded by a single common membrane, No X bodies occurred in cells containing STMV particles, and the mitochondria possessed abnormal tubular structures containing flocculent material.
Role of endogenous interferon gamma in murine tumor growth and tumor necrosis factor alpha antitumor efficacy.

Background: The anticancer role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) has been limited by toxicity. These experiments evaluate blocking endogenous interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) activity to abrogate TNF-α toxicity.
Nontoxic and Abundant Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide Nanocrystals for Potential High-Temperature Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting

Improving energy/fuel efficiency by converting waste heat into electricity using thermoelectric materials is of great interest due to its simplicity and reliability. However, many thermoelectric materials are composed of either toxic or scarce elements. Here, we report the experimental realization of using nontoxic and abundant copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) nanocrystals for potential thermoelectric applications. The CZTS nanocrystals can be synthesized in large quantities from solution phase reaction and compressed into robust bulk pellets through spark plasma sintering and hot press while still maintaining nanoscale grain size inside. Electrical and thermal measurements have been performed from 300 to 700 K to understand the electron and phonon transports. Extra copper doping during the nanocrystal synthesis introduces a significant improvement in the performance.
Implementation of RF Circuitry for Real-Time Digital Beam-Forming SAR Calibration Schemes

The SweepSAR architecture for space-borne remote sensing applications is an enabling technology for reducing the temporal baseline of repeat-pass interferometers while maintaining near-global coverage. As part of this architecture, real-time digital beam-forming would be performed on the radar return signals across multiple channels. Preserving the accuracy of the combined return data requires real-time calibration of the transmit and receive RF paths on each channel. This paper covers several of the design considerations necessary to produce a practical implementation of this concept. (6 pages)
Preliminary Studies of Effects of Tetranychus pacificus on Yield and Quality of Grapes in the San Joaquin Valley, Califomia

Populations of T. pacificus McGregor were followed on individual vines throughout the 1971 season in 2 vineyards in the San Joaquin Valley to determine the effects of the mites on quality and quantity of Thompson seedless grapes. The Pacific mite densities ranged from an average of 2.1 to 225 mites per leaf per week for the 3 weeks of heaviest infestation in one vineyard, while mite densities ranged from an average of 10.8 to 205.8 mites per leaf per week for the 4 weeks of heaviest infestation in the other vineyard. The yield and percent sugar content of the grapes was taken at harvest time. Vine-by-vine analysis of mite densities times yield showed no correlations between the number of mites per leaf and the weight or sugar content of the grapes for the densities of mites encountered under the conditions of this experiment.
CHASMOGAMY/CLEISTOGAMY IN TRIODANIS PERFOLIATA (CAMPANULACEAE): SOME CH/CL COMPARISONS IN FITNESS PARAMETERS'

The chasmogamous/cleistogamous (CH/CL) breeding system has evolved independently many times, but its ecological role has been studied in few species. In Triodanis perfoliata, we studied the natural phenology of flowering and seed set, how successful CH flowers were at setting seed, whether seed from CH and CL flowers differed in germination behavior, and whether plants derived from these two seed types differed in vigor. Most notably, we found that the later the CH flowers were produced, the fewer seed they successfully matured. In general the two seed types did not show differences in germination behavior, but for some matemal parents the two seed types differed. For these, the CL seed germinated less readily. Finally, there was some indication that plants from CL seed were not as vigorous as those from CH seed.
Positron emission tomography scanning in cancer.

(1994). Positron Emission Tomography Scanning in Cancer. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 74-87.
Development of a manual thrust-vector-control mode for Apollo.

Manual thrust vector control development for Apollo Command and Service Module Stabilization and Control System