cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deletions involving two distinct regions of 6q in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

The recurrent loss of genetic material from a specific chromosomal region in a given tumor type suggests the presence of a tumor- suppressor gene, the loss or inactivation of which may be relevant for tumorigenesis. In this study, we provide molecular evidence for the recurrent association between deletions on the long arm of chromosome 6 and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). Normal and tumor DNAs from 71 cases of B-NHL were studied for loss of constitutional heterozygosity (LOH) at 19 loci on chromosome 6 using a panel of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes. LOH, indicating deletion of all or part of 6q, was detected in 16 of 71 cases (22.5%), ranging from low- grade to high-grade B-NHL. The isolated loss of 6p or the loss of other chromosomes (8, 17, 22) tested as controls for specificity was not observed in any case. Comparison of the extent of the deletions among different cases allowed the identification of two distinct regions of minimal deletion (RMD) at 6q25 to 6q27 (RMD-1) and at 6q21 to 6q23 (RMD- 2), respectively, suggesting the existence of two tumor-suppressor genes. These data support a role for 6q deletions in B-NHL pathogenesis and provide a basis for identifying the corresponding tumor-suppressor genes.
Comment on Tarts "approaches to the study of hypnotic dreams".

It appears, on the basis of Tart's note (1969), that our views on hypnotic dreams may not be remarkably different. I agree that "There is no doubt that some hypnotic dreams read like some nocturnal dreams . . ." and I have always favored the qualifying "some" regarding patients and experimental subjects and their hypnotic behavior. Sweeping generalizations are usually naive. Certainly nocturnal dreams as well as hypnotic dreams of any one person, no less of many, may vary considerably. Tart and I are aware of this. I must reiterate that I see the essential structural similarity in many hypnotic and nocturnal dreams. The functional or psychodynamic implications differ with the nuances of the special experimental or clinical settings. While pointing out the structural similarities of hypnotic and nocturnal dreams, I have always stressed the importance of transference elements in relation to their function. I have also discussed in articles and books ( 1954, 1963, 1965 ) the dynamic implications of responses to hypnotic suggestions when these responses are not consistent with implied expectations. A non-dream response to a suggestion to dream is only one example. An hypnotic dream can be evaluated as a dream only when it is in fact so constituted structurally. If not, it is to be evaluated as a response, but not a dream response. Many fleeting nocturnal images, often referred to as dreams, do not approximate the aura and complexity of certain hypnotic dreams. The structural similarity of hypnotic and nocturnal dreams is most noticeable in clinical settings when they are furnished by the same patient. Yet one often encounters considerable variability in the structure of nocturnal dreams of any one patient. It is not surprising that variability also exists in hypnotic dreams. I believe Tart recognizes my awareness of the interest inherent in broad scale investigations of nocturnal and hypnotic dreams.
The organization of medical care. Lessons from the Medicare end stage renal disease program.

National attention is currently focused on the organization of medical care in the United States. Competing groups with different ideas about reorganizing health care advance views based on socioeconomic hypotheses and evaluations of health care systems in other countries. The participants in the debate about the reorganization of U.S. health care have taken little notice of the experience with existing health care systems organized by our government. The Medicare program that provides treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is 20 years old; recently, it has been the subject of extensive review and analysis1. Over the past 20 . . .
Analytical Expressions for Stability and Bifurcations of Turret Mooring Systems

The eight necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of turret mooring systems (TMS) are derived analytically. Analytical expressions for TMS bifurcation boundaries where static and dynamic loss of stability occur are also derived. These analytical expressions provide physics-based means to evaluate the stability properties of TMS, find elementary singularities, and describe the morphogeneses occurring as a parameter (or design variable) or group of parameters are varied. They eliminate the need to compute numerically the TMS eigenvalues. Analytical results are verified by comparison to numerical results generated by direct computation of eigenvalues and their bifurcations. Catastrophe sets (design charts) are constructed in the two-dimensional parametric design space to show the dependence of design variables on the stability of the system. The TMS mathematical model consists of the nonlinear horizontal plane-surge, sway and yaw-fifth-order, large drift, low speed maneuvering equations. Mooring lines are modeled quasistatically by catenaries. External excitation consists of time independent current, steady wind, and second-order mean drift forces.
Periphyton Biofilms Influence Net Methylmercury Production in an Industrially Contaminated System

Mercury (Hg) methylation and methylmercury (MMHg) demethylation activity of periphyton biofilms from the industrially contaminated East Fork Poplar Creek, Tennessee (EFPC) were measured during 2014–2016 using stable Hg isotopic rate assays. 201HgII and MM202Hg were added to intact periphyton samples in ambient streamwater and the formation of MM201Hg and loss of MM202Hg were monitored over time and used to calculate first-order rate potentials for methylation and demethylation. The influences of location, temperature/season, light exposure and biofilm structure on methylation and demethylation potentials were examined. Between-site differences in net methylation for samples collected from an upstream versus downstream location were driven by differences in the demethylation rate potential (kd). In contrast, the within-site temperature-dependent difference in net methylation was driven by changes in the methylation rate potential (km). Samples incubated in the dark had lower net methylation due to lower km...
The relationship of impulsivity and cortical thickness in depressed and non-depressed adolescents

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is recognized to be heterogeneous in terms of brain structure abnormality findings across studies, which might reflect previously unstudied traits that confer variability to neuroimaging measurements. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between different types of trait impulsivity and MDD diagnosis on adolescent brain structure. We predicted that adolescents with depression who were high on trait impulsivity would have more abnormal cortical structure than depressed patients or non-MDD who were low on impulsivity. We recruited 58 subjects, including 29 adolescents (ages 12-19) with a primary DSM-IV diagnosis of MDD and a history of suicide attempt and 29 demographically-matched healthy control participants. Our GLM-based analyses sought to describe differences in the linear relationships between cortical thickness and impulsivity trait levels. As hypothesized, we found significant moderation effects in rostral middle frontal gyrus and right paracentral lobule cortical thickness for different subscales of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. However, although these brain-behavior relationships differed between diagnostic study groups, they were not simple additive effects as we had predicted. For the middle frontal gyrus, non-MDD participants showed a strong positive association between cortical thickness and BIS-11 Motor scores, while MDD-diagnosed participants showed a negative association. For Non-Planning Impulsiveness, paracentral lobule cortical thickness was observed with greater impulsivity in MDD, but no association was found for controls. In conclusion, the findings confirm that dimensions of impulsivity have discrete neural correlates, and show that relationships between impulsivity and brain structure are expressed differently in adolescents with MDD compared to non-MDD.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON THE SOLUBLE COMPARTMENTS OF LIGHT AND HEAVY MITOCHONDRIA FROM RAT LIVER.

Previous studies in our laboratories had shown that sarcosine dehydrogenase and dimethylglycine dehydrogenase are exclusively mitochondrial enzymes and that they can be liberated from mitochondria by sonic irradiation (2, 3). By employing the N-methyl-oxidizing enzymes as markers, the rates and extent of release of various mitochondrial components during sonic irradiation have been measured. Prom such analyses it has been possible to define more quantitatively the size and composition of the soluble compartment of the mitochondrion. It has been demonstrated also that sarcosine dehydrogenase, located exclusively in the soluble compartment, provides a convenient marker for distinguishing “heavy” and “light” mitochondria.
Assessing the Need for Decompression for Adult Lumbar Scoliosis

As the number of elderly continues to increase in the USA, the number of people affected by adult deformity is expected to rise. In the USA, as many as 60 % of the elderly demonstrate some degree of adult spinal deformity (ASD) [1]. Adult spinal deformity, including scoliosis and sagittal plane deformities, is a relatively common finding [1–3] and is broadly classified into two subgroups, adult idiopathic and adult degenerative, defined by the primary etiology of the deformity [1, 4, 5]. One of the characteristic features of adult deformity in comparison to adolescent deformity is the increased prevalence of axial pain and radicular pain in adult deformity [6–8]. Adolescent deformity typically presents with cosmetic concerns or deformity progression, while adult deformity presents with pain and disability [9–11]. A combination of degenerative disc disease, facet arthropathy, trunk imbalance, and muscle fatigue is involved in the pathogenesis of pain in adult deformity [12]. Trunk imbalance and muscle fatigue are primarily influenced by sagittal and to a lesser degree coronal imbalance, and degenerative disc disease, facet arthropathy, and central and foraminal stenosis are more likely to directly cause signs and symptoms of nerve root and thecal sac compression such as radicular pain or neurogenic claudication.
Ethical and Medicolegal Issues Related to CBCT

Evidence-based, good clinical practice usually satisfies a medicolegal standard. It is in this spirit and through this prism that practitioners should view medicolegal issues. To comprehend the application of good clinical practice as applied to CBCT imaging, one must consider the concept of “standards” in regard to at least five “stakeholders”; patients whom we serve, health care professionals who provide care, the dental Industry; the legal system, and payers who are financially responsible. Therefore, the concept of standard may well mean different things to different stakeholders. In the broadest sense, standards may be considered in ethical, moral, and medicolegal context.
Semantic boundary refinement by joint inference from edges and regions

We study the problem of detecting boundaries for specific classes of objects. Our approach leverages recent advances in semantic segmentation and bottom-up boundary detection. We propose a mechanism for combining multiple sources of information: predicted segmentation masks, bottom-up contours, and a novel local class-specific boundary detector. These are jointly mapped to final category-specific boundary strength estimated by a trained classifier. In experiments on VOC2012 [7] and Microsoft COCO [15], our method dramatically outperforms recent prior work, for some classes doubling the accuracy of boundary prediction.
Modification of plant cell wall chemistry impacts metabolome and microbiome composition in Populus PdKOR1 RNAi plants

We examined the effect of downregulating PdKOR1 gene, an endo-β-1,4-glucanase gene family member previously characterized to affect cellulose biosynthesis and cell wall composition in Populus, on the secondary metabolome and microbiome of field-grown Populus deltoides. We revealed differences in metabolite profiles of PdKOR1 RNAi and control roots using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and microbiome identification via Illumina MiSeq 16S and ITS2 rRNA sequencing in root endospheres and rhizospheres. PdKOR1 RNAi root metabolites differed from control plants: free amino acids (valine, isoleucine, alanine) were reduced while caffeoyl-shikimates, salicylic-acid derivatives, and flavonoid metabolites increased in PdKOR1 RNAi roots. The Actinobacterial family Micromonosporaceae were more abundant in RNAi root endospheres, whereas Nitrospirae was reduced in PdKOR1 RNAi rhizospheres. Ascomycota were lower and Basidiomycota greater in PdKOR1 rhizospheres. Bacterial and fungal community composition, as measured by Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, differed between PdKOR1 RNAi and control rhizospheres and endospheres. These results indicate that modification of plant cell walls via downregulation of PdKOR1 gene in Populus impacts carbon metabolism in roots and concomitant alterations in root-associated microbial communities. Such an understanding of functional and ecological implications of biomass chemistry improvement efforts is critical to address the goals of sustainable bioenergy crop production and management.
Editor matching for academic journals through rich semantic network development

The Public Library of Science (PLOS) is a major publisher of academic journals with a collection of over 200,000 scientific journal articles. As the library grows, a key operational challenge for PLOS is the matching of a submitted manuscript with one of the nearly 6,000 academic editors with whom they work. We frame this problem as one of reducing distance between editors and documents in a network, where editors and documents are modeled as nodes in a graph connected by shared features. We apply Natural Language Processing (NLP) and text mining methods, such as topic modeling and word embedding, to create new nodes and edges in the network to reduce its scale, thus reducing the distance between documents and editors. These new nodes and edges form a rich semantic network that may also be used to represent the thematic content of the corpus as a whole. Our solution iterates on PLOS's current internal tool for editor matching, PLOS Match, by recommending potential editors who have edited semantically similar manuscripts in the past. Improved quality of editor matches will increase the rate at which editors accept an invitation to participate in manuscript evaluation. This will streamline PLOS's internal review process and hence speed knowledge delivery.
Oxygen Species Chemistry of Osmium Carbohydrate Polymers

Osmium carbohydrate polymers, termed osmarins, exhibit a rich and varied oxygen chemistry. Biochemical assays demonstrate that osmarins react with Superoxide ions, and have activities which are comparable to those measured for peni-cillamine. In an assay which measures the capacity of compounds to protect porcine elastase inhibitor from deacti-vation by superoxide ions generated by stimulated neutro-phils, osmarins preserve up to 70% of the enzyme inhibitor capacity. A dependence upon osmarin composition was found in which the greatest activity was observed for osmarins of high (43%) osmium content. In a second assay, osmarins bound to rabbit cartilage were shown to protect the cartilage from degradation by neutrophils. Reactions of osmarins with di-oxygen in basic aqueous solutions were studied by following the visible absorption (480nm) of the solutions as a function of time. Osmarin solutions react with dioxygen with loss of color. The reactions are characterized by lengthy induction periods and can be treated as clock reactions. Clock times (induction periods) are dependent upon osmarin composition, the solution concentration, pH, oxygen pressure and the temperature. The reactions are overall first order in oxygen pressure and fractional order for both hydroxide and osmium concentration. Estimates of activation energies are 10–15 Kcal/mole (41–63 KJ/mole).
Inhibitors of the Cip/Kip family.

Although cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors of the Cip/Kip family were the first to be discovered in mammalian cells, and they are the best characterized to date, fundamental mysteries remain concerning their biological roles and their regulation. The family, consisting so far of three members, is characterized by a C-terminal Cdk-inhibitory domain with a shared core homology and unrelated C-terminal domains of varying size (Lee et al. 1995; Matsuoka et al. 1995). To date, a function has been ascribed to the C-terminal domain of only one member of the family. The C terminus of the p21 has been shown to be able to bind and inactivate the function of the DNA polymerase-δ processivity factor, PCNA (J. Chen et al. 1995, 1996a, b; Goubin and Ducommun 1995; Luo et al. 1995; Nakanishi et al. 1995b; Warbrick et al. 1995; Waga et al. 1994).
A Fault Detection and Tolerance Tradeoff Evaluation Methodology for VLSI Systems

Fault tolerant architectures have traditionally relied upon system level protocols for fault detection and recovery. However, the increasing density and pin counts of VLSI devices are providing new opportunities for incorporation of on-chip fault detection and tolerance features. Also supporting this trend is the more frequent incorporation of on-chip redundancy for defect tolerance (ie. yield improvement). With appropriate error detection and soft reconfiguration capabilities, redundant circuitry not needed for “defect tolerance” can be used to support “fault tolerance” at the system level. The incorporation of such features on-chip generally results in a reduction in system level performance. Designers are seldom willing to compromise system speed and functionality at the VLSI chip level for the implementation of fault tolerance. The speed and functionality vs. fault tolerance tradeoff is especially difficult because chip and system designers have no quantitative methods to assess the impact of fault tolerance on their designs. Hence, the need arises to quantitatively assess the performance attributes of fault tolerance techniques and their associated detection and recovery mechanisms. Through such an assessment, the optimum techniques which meet system requirements without excessive area or throughput penalties can be identified. This paper describes a framework and methodology for performing quantitative cost-benefit tradeoff analysis of fault tolerance techniques at the VLSI chip level.
Urinary tract infection-related hospitalization among older adults receiving home health care.

Background Urinary tract infection (UTI)- related hospitalizations are a poor patient outcome in the rapidly growing home health care (HHC) arena that serves a predominantly elderly population. We examined the association between activities of daily living (ADL) and risk of UTI-related hospitalization among this population. Methods Using a retrospective cohort design, we conducted a secondary data analysis of a 5% random sample of a national HHC dataset, the Outcome and Assessment Information Set for the year 2013. Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Service Utilization was used as a guiding framework for statistical modeling. We used logistic regression to examine the association between UTI-related hospitalization and predisposing, enabling, or need factors. Results Among beneficiaries (n = 24,887) hospitalized in 2013, 1,133 had UTI-related hospitalizations. HHC patients with a UTI-related hospitalization were more likely to have severe ADL dependency, impaired decision making, and lower Charlson Comorbidity Index, than those with a non UTI-related hospitalization (P Conclusions ADL dependency levels are a potentially modifiable risk factor for UTI-related hospitalization on admission to HHC. ADL dependency levels can inform clinical interventions to ameliorate ADL dependency in HHC settings and identify groups of patients at high risk for UTI-related hospitalization.
Socio-scientific research and practice: evaluating outcomes from a transdisciplinary urban water systems project

The impact of academic research on socio-ecological practice remains elusive. In this paper we assess outcomes of a National Science Foundation-funded project (iUTAH: innovative Urban Transitions in Aridregion Hydro-sustainability) that applied social and engineering water science to increase urban water system sustainability in Utah, the USA. We combined an assessment of published papers and semi-structured interviews with participants to explore the degree to which this effort generated outcomes associated with successful transdisciplinary projects: providing useful products, enhancing the capacity of water system managers, strengthening social and professional networks, and changing water management structures or decisions. Results suggest that efforts to translate published scientific results in more accessible formats, incorporating stakeholders and decision-makers early and throughout the research process, and cultivating personal and professional social ties between researchers and non-academics are all important ways to ensure that research is relevant and impactful on society. The paper ends with a discussion on the need to further bridge gaps between social and engineering water sciences, and how to make science more actionable for socio-ecological problems through socio-scientific practice.
Holographic Universe: The Ultimate Illusion

What distinguishes reality and illusion? We may be able to convince ourselves that we can distinguish between the two. However, on closer analysis, the entire exercise is futile and the process itself is murky. Are we independent and individual observers of the cosmos or just an inseparable part of the universe incapable of making unbiased observations? Can our models of reality become reality itself?
Blood pressure after a heightened pesticide spray period among children living in agricultural communities in Ecuador

Abstract Introduction Agricultural pesticide spray periods increase the pesticide exposure potential of children living nearby and growing evidence indicates that they may affect children's health. We examined the association of time following a heightened agricultural production period, the Mother's Day flower harvest (May), with children's blood pressure (BP). Methods We included cross-sectional information of 313 children ages 4–9 years in Ecuadorian agricultural communities (the ESPINA study). Examinations occurred during a period of low flower production, but within 63–100 days (mean = 81.5, SD = 10.9) following the Mother's Day harvest. BP was measured twice using a pediatric sphygmomanometer and BP percentiles appropriate for age, gender and height were calculated. Results Participants were 51% male, 1.6% hypertensive and 7.7% had elevated BP. The mean (SD) BP percentiles were: systolic: 51.7 (23.9); diastolic: 33.3 (20.3). There was an inverse relationship between of time after the spray season with percentiles of systolic (difference [β] per 10.9 days after the harvest: −4.3 [95%CI: −6.9, −1.7]) and diastolic BP (β: −7.5 [-9.6, −5.4]) after adjusting for race, heart rate and BMI-for-age z-score. A curvilinear association with diastolic BP was observed. For every 10.9 days that a child was examined sooner after the harvest, the OR of elevated BP/hypertension doubled (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3, 3.1). Time after the harvest was positively associated with acetylcholinesterase. Conclusions Children examined sooner after a heightened pesticide spray period had higher blood pressure and pesticide exposure markers than children examined later. Further studies with multiple exposure-outcome measures across pesticide spray periods are needed.
Evaluating the Impact of a Feeding Protocol in Neonates before and after Biventricular Cardiac Surgery.

Introduction Feeding difficulties and malnutrition are important challenges when caring for newborns with critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) without clear available guidelines for providers. This study describes the utilization of a feeding protocol with the focus on standardization, feeding modality, and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) utilization postoperatively. Methods Patients included neonates with CCHD undergoing complex biventricular repair using cardiopulmonary bypass. Data were collected in 2013 preintervention and from 2015 to 2017 postintervention. The feeding protocol outlined guidelines for and postoperative use of TPN. Adverse outcomes data included rates of central line-associated bloodstream infections, necrotizing enterocolitis, chylothorax, and vocal cord dysfunction. Balance outcomes measured were weight for age Z-score at discharge, number of abdominal radiographs obtained, readmission within 90 days, and central venous line utilization. Results We included a total of 121 neonates: 49 in the preintervention group and 72 in the postintervention group. The protocol standardized feeding practices in CCHD neonates undergoing surgery with improved compliance from 70% early in the study period to 90% at the end of the study. Infants were fed enterally more preoperatively (86% versus 67%; P = 0.023), reached a fluid goal sooner (63 hours versus 72 hours; P = 0.035), and postoperative duration of TPN usage was significantly shorter in the postintervention period (48 hours versus 62 hours; P = 0.041) with no increase in adverse outcome events or unintended consequences. Conclusions By implementing a feeding protocol, we reduced practice variation among providers, increased the number of patients fed enterally preoperatively and reduced postoperative use of TPN without increased complications.
An Alternative to Dye-Based Approaches to Remove Background Autofluorescence From Primate Brain Tissue

Brain tissue contains autofluorescing elements that potentially impede accurate identification of neurons when visualized with fluorescent microscopy. Age-related accumulation of molecules with autofluorescent properties, such as lipofuscin, can possess spectral profiles that invade the typical emission range of fluorophores commonly utilized in fluorescent microscopy. The traditional method for accounting for this native fluorescence is to apply lipophilic dyes that are able to sequester these unwanted signals. While effective, such dyes can present a range of problems including the obstruction of fluorescent probe emissions. The present study utilizes aged primate midbrain tissue stained for tyrosine hydroxylase and calbindin to investigate an image processing approach for removing autofluorescence utilizing spectral imaging and linear unmixing. This technique is then compared against the traditional, dye-based autofluorescence sequestration method using Sudan Black B (SBB). Spectral imaging and linear unmixing yielded significantly higher cell numbers than SBB treatment. This finding suggests that computational approaches for removing autofluorescence in neural tissue are both viable and preferential to dye-based approaches for estimation of cell body numbers.
Recognition for Discoveries in DNA Repair.

Discoveries in DNA Repair Recognized through the Shaw Prize The understanding of mechanisms of DNA repair has provided a foundation on which to develop new approaches to cancer treatment and geneti...
Parenting Practices in the Karen Refugee Community

Parents and children exposed to war and relocation have high rates of negative relational and mental health outcomes. The Karen are an ethnic minority from Burma (Myanmar) and Thailand, recently resettled in the United States. Karen refugee parents have been significantly strained by both war-related trauma and resettlement stress. We conducted three focus groups with Karen caregivers (N = 12, 5, and 12) to assess parenting practices in the Karen refugee community. Standardized mental health and parenting assessments completed by 11 Karen caregivers and 11 children were used to triangulate focus group data. Key themes identified related to mothers’ physical care for their children, parenting difficulties after relocation to the U.S., and practices of discipline, direction-giving, and encouragement. These findings have implications for culturally relevant clinical and research approaches to support Karen refugee parents and children.
Fiber typing human skeletal muscle with fluorescent immunohistochemistry

Skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain (MyHC) fiber type composition is a critical determinant of overall muscle function and health. Various approaches interrogate fiber type at the single cell, but t...
Augmented Reality for Rehabilitative Therapy: Patient experiences and Practitioner perspectives:

Over the past 20 years, researchers have investigated the potential of Virtual Reality (VR) to enhance rehabilitative therapies by improving motor control, supporting motivation, and offering analg...
Mid-wave infrared filtering in silicon subwavelength zero-contrast gratings

The advent of subwavelength dielectric gratings enables narrowband spectral filtering on a compact, low-loss, and readily fabricable platform. Subwavelength gratings realize narrow spectral features via coupling to laterally propagating leaky modes (guided mode resonance). Given their minimal number of layers and geometrically-tunable pass bands, these structures are particularly useful in infrared hyperspectral applications. We previously demonstrated long-wave IR (8 – 12 μm) infrared filters based on high-index contrast suspended silicon/air gratings. High-contrast gratings placed above a slab of the same index are zero-contrast gratings (ZCGs) and possess several advantages. In this study, we present mid-wave IR (MWIR, 3 – 6 μm) ZCG filters using air/Si/SiO2 gratings fabricated on commercial silicon-on-insulator wafers. Geometric parameters are optimized using a genetic algorithm. We demonstrate ZCG filters with quality factors (Q) as high as 175 at oblique incidence for a 4.4 μm wavelength, and with a background high-reflectivity window from about 4.0 to 5.5 μm. The filters are optimized for coupling to light polarized with the electric field perpendicular to the gratings (transverse magnetic, TM). We also demonstrate coupling to transverse electric (TE) modes under azimuthally oblique incidence. For the same mode order, TE modes are more weakly coupled than TM, and therefore enable narrower spectral linewidths. To obtain an experimental Q of 175, full conical mounting allows strong TM mode coupling for the background reflection, and weak TE mode coupling for a narrow transmission band. Experimental results closely agree with transmittance spectra calculated via rigorous coupled wave analysis. The ZCG approach also offers a means for the design and fabrication of 2D gratings that offer polarization independent operation. We present polarization-independent filter response on square and hexagonal lattice designs.
Current Indications for Stenting: Symptoms or Survival CME.

The major goals of treating ischemic heart disease are to reduce angina, improve quality of life, and ultimately reduce mortality. While medical therapy can effectively address these aims, there is still much research and debate about the role of percutaneous coronary intervention in the treatment spectrum—specifically, whether or not stenting prolongs life or simply treats symptoms without impacting survival. The data supporting revascularization for survival benefit came from patients who underwent bypass graft surgery prior to the introduction of effective medical management. Although both physicians and patients continue to believe in the life-saving ability of coronary stenting, little data exist to support this belief outside of when used during an acute myocardial infarction. Strategy trials designed to test the benefit of coronary stenting have limitations that have curbed physicians’ willingness to accept the results, but they provide the best evidence for how to optimally manage these patients. In this article, we explore the data supporting the use of coronary stenting for various indications and the questions that remain to be answered.
Impact of enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery on maternal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract Background This meta-analysis explores the impact of enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery (ERAC) on maternal outcomes. Methods We searched 4 databases (Web of Science, Embase, PubMed and CINAHL) in October 2020 without date limiters, for studies quantitatively comparing ERAC implementation to a control group. The primary outcome was length of hospital stay and secondary outcomes included time to mobilization and time to urinary catheter removal, opioid consumption, readmission rates and cost savings. Mean differences and odds ratios (MD and OR with 95% confidence intervals) were calculated. Levels of evidence were assessed using GRADE. Results Twelve studies involving 17,607 patients (9693 without ERAC and 7914 with ERAC) were included. ERAC was associated with reduced: length of hospital stay (MD −0.51 days [−0.94, −0.09]; p = 0.018; I2 = 99%), time to first mobilization (MD −11.05 h [−18.64, −3.46]; p = 0.004; I2 = 98%), time to urinary catheter removal (MD −13.19 h [−17.59, −8.79]; p Conclusion ERAC is associated with reduction in length of stay, times to first mobilization and urinary catheter removal and opioid consumption. ERAC does not significantly affect maternal hospital readmission rates following discharge. Further studies are required to determine which ERAC interventions to implement and which outcomes best determine ERAC efficacy.
Decision Making for Managing Community Flood Risks: Perspectives of United States Floodplain Managers

To reduce flood losses, floodplain managers make decisions on how to effectively manage their community’s flood risks. While there is a growing body of research that examines how individuals and households make decisions to manage their flood risks, far less attention has been directed at understanding the decision-making processes for flood management at the community level. This study aimed to narrow this research gap by examining floodplain managers’ perceptions of the quality of their community’s flood management decision-making processes. Data gathered from interviews with 200 floodplain managers in the United States indicate that most floodplain managers perceive their community’s flood management decision-making processes to be good. The results also indicate that communities participating in the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s Community Rating System, as well as communities with a higher level of concern for flooding and a lower poverty rate, are significantly more likely to report better flood management decision-making processes.
Women, biomedical research and art: A relationality in tension by ninette rothmüller

Rothmuller’s book on women, biomedical research and art, based on her doctoral dissertation, is a rich and complex work, bringing together issues and approaches that are, as she claims in her title...
Senile Cataract Progression Studies Using the Lens Opacities Classification System II

Results. Six months from baseline, 38% of patients' conditions worsened in the nuclear area, 34% of patients' conditions worsened in the cortical region, and 8% of patients' conditions worsened in the posterior subcapsular region. Regression rates were 4% in each region. The percentages of patients progressing in the nuclear and cortical regions were significantly greater than the corresponding regression rates (P < .001). Greater progression was noted in the nuclear (P = .06) and posterior subcapsular (P < .01) regions in patients with early opacities (LOCS + 1/+2) as compared to patients with no opacities initially in the same lenticular areas. Conclusion. This study suggests that the LOCS II is capable of detecting changes in lens opacities in a relatively short period of time among persons with early to moderate opacities. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1993; 34:2138-2141.
Osteitis in chronic rhinosinusitis: a review of the literature.

Background The role of osteitis, or inflammation involving bone, is 1 potential reason for disease recalcitrance in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and is not extensively studied. This review article will discuss osteitis in CRS, including pathophysiology, diagnostic methods, clinical significance, and treatment modalities. Methods A systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed search terms osteitis, osteomyelitis, bone involvement, hyperostosis, neo-osteogenesis, osteoneogenesis, remodeling, single positron emission computed tomography (SPECT), and nuclear scintigraphy, with each term cross-referenced with chronic rhinosinusitis. This search was then narrowed to English language articles, which were reviewed for relevance. Cited references of relevant articles were also examined. Results The PubMed search identified 231 articles, which after reviewing for inclusion criteria resulted in 26 articles that were included in the current review. Pathophysiology, including current understanding of molecular mechanisms contributing to osteitis, is discussed. Histology, computed tomography (CT), and SPECT have been used to establish a diagnosis. Radiographic staging systems exist but are not standardized. Osteitis has been treated both with intravenous antibiotics and surgery. Five articles involved assessment of outcomes in patients with osteitis. Conclusion Osteitis involves inflammatory changes in the underlying bone that may lead to recalcitrant CRS. Osteitis is associated with worsened measures of disease severity such as CT, endoscopy, and olfactory scores, and affects the degree of improvement in quality-of-life measures after both medical and surgical treatment. Future studies directed at characterizing the underlying molecular mechanisms including earlier and precise identification may improve our ability to treat this significant aspect of CRS.
Linear guidance laws for space missions

A general analysis of guidance laws is presented along with a review of the propagation of state perturbations. Linearized guidance laws are derived for fixed and variable time of arrival, and for the Shuttle phasing and height guidance maneuvers. In general, six interrelated partials are involved in each guidance law. These partials relate the maneuver delta velocity and time of flight to perturbations in initial position, velocity, and time. The partials can be expressed as a function of a single fundamental guidance partial, which relates the maneuver to the final position perturbation, and the partials from the upper row of the augmented time transition matrix (augmented with the dynamical state vector). Guidance can be interpreted as a form of offset targeting. PACE trajectories involve a series of coast phases separated by maneuvers. The maneuvers can be derived by imposing sufficient guidance constraints to uniquely define the maneuver. The guidance constraints can be imposed on the maneuver, postmaneuyer trajectory, or some combination thereof. Impulsive maneuvers may be assumed for many space missions. The impulsive maneuvers can be computed exactly or with a linearized model. The linearized model could be used for real-time software because trajectory perturbations are generally small, but a more likely use is in preflight covariance analysis. The linear model contains guidance matrices for up- dating through the maneuvers, and transition matrices for up- dating through the coasting phases. This paper presents two general techniques for solving the linear guidance problem. Most applications of linearized guidance laws have been based on fixed- and variable-time-of-arrival guidance.1'4 Many other linearized laws can be introduced by imposing dif- ferent constraints on the maneuver and postmaneuver trajec- tory.5'6 Some general properties of linearized guidance laws were established by Cicolani.7 A general solution to the linear guidance problem was proposed by Tempelman5 by introduc- ing a generalized linear constraint equation. This paper at- tempts to define some general techniques for establishing the relationship between the maneuver and the perturbations in position, velocity, and time using a more intuitive approach than presented in Ref. 5. Fixed- and variable-time-of-arrival guidance laws are reviewed to demonstrate the techniques and to serve as an introduction to more complicated maneuvers, such as the Shuttle phasing and height maneuvers.
An Explicit Representation of Reasoning Failures

This paper focuses upon the content and the level of granularity at which representations for the mental world should be placed in case-based explainers that employ introspective reasoning. That is, for a case-based reasoning system to represent thinking about the self, about the states and processes of reasoning, at what level of detail should one attempt to declaratively capture the contents of thought? Some claim that a mere set of two mental primitives are sufficient to represent the utterances of humans concerning verbs of thought such as “I forgot his birthday.” Alternatively, many in the CBR community have built systems that record elaborate traces of reasoning, keep track of knowledge dependencies or inference, or encode much metaknowledge concerning the structure of internal rules and defaults. The position here is that a system should be able instead to capture enough details to represent causally a common set of reasoning failure symptoms. I propose a simple model of expectation-driven reasoning, derive a taxonomy of reasoning failures from the model, and present a declarative representation of the failure symptoms that have been implemented in a CBR simulation. Such representations enable a system to explain reasoning failures by mapping from symptoms of the failures to causal factors involved.
Knowledge management: a new idea or a recycled concept?

Reading recent knowledge management (KM) articles, one cannot escape the impression of a recycled concept. Definitions of the new field look remarkably like those of information systems, decision support systems, and even data management of the past. Since we believe KM is essentially new, a refined articulation of KM is desirable. Our point of departure is the observation that yesterday’s data are today’s information, which will become tomorrow’s knowledge, and knowledge, in turn, recycles down the value chain back into information and into data. We outline a framework of KM that articulates the basic terms of this perpetual process. The proposed model defines operations and transformations of data-to-information, information-to-knowledge, and their reverse order. Such transformations correspond to a time dimension of pastpresent-future and resemble the process of abstraction. Based on our analysis, we conclude that knowledge management is truly a new idea, not a recycled concept.
Long-Term Results in the Treatment of Displaced Bimalleolar Fractures

Fifty-five patients with displaced bimalleolar ankle fractures were evaluated subjectively, objectively, and roentgenographically at an average of eight years after injury. Twenty-eight patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation of both malleoli and twenty-seven by closed methods. Most of the excellent results were obtained by open treatment, but when excellent and good results were combined, the results following closed reduction were slightly better. Non-union and malunion were more frequent following closed treatment but did not affect the end result except when there was non-union of the medial malleolus at the level of the tibial plafond. Idiopathic joint degeneration occurred in eight patients who had anatomical reductions, seven by open methods. Objective clinical findings usually did not change after one year from the time of injury, and progression of arthrosis was not seen later than five years after injury.
Developing IntegRATE: a fast and frugal patient-reported measure of integration in health care delivery.

Background: Efforts have been made to measure integration in health care delivery, but few existing instruments have adopted a patient perspective, and none is sufficiently generic and brief for administration at scale. We sought to develop a brief and generic patient-reported measure of integration in health care delivery. Methods: Drawing on both existing conceptualisations of integrated care and research on patients’ perspectives, we chose to focus on four distinct domains of integration: information sharing , consistent advice , mutual respect and role clarity . We formulated candidate items and conducted cognitive interviews with end users to further develop and refine the items. We then pilot-tested the measure. Results: Four rounds of cognitive interviews were conducted ( n = 14) and resulted in a four-item measure that was both relevant and understandable to end users. The pilot administration of the measure ( n = 15) further confirmed the relevance and interpretability of items and demonstrated that the measure could be completed in less than one minute. Conclusions: This new measure, IntegRATE, represents a patient-reported measure of integration in health care delivery that is conducive to use in both routine performance monitoring and research. The psychometric properties of the measure will be assessed in the next stage of development.
ParA resolvase catalyzes site-specific excision of DNA from the Arabidopsis genome

The small serine resolvase ParA from bacterial plasmids RK2 and RP4 catalyzes the recombination of two identical 133 bp recombination sites known as MRS. Previously, we reported that ParA is active in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In this work, the parA recombinase gene was placed under the control of the ArabidopsisOXS3 promoter and introduced into Arabidopsis lines harboring a chromosomally integrated MRS-flanked target. The ParA recombinase excised the MRS-flanked DNA and the excision event was detected in subsequent generations in the absence of ParA, indicating germinal transmission of the excision event. The precise site-specific deletion by the ParA recombination system in planta demonstrates that the ParA recombinase can be used to remove transgenic DNA, such as selectable markers or other introduced transgenes that are no longer desired in the final product.
Biaxial elastic modulus of metallic films determined from vibrating circular membranes

The biaxial moduli of free‐standing metallic films have been determined from their behavior as elastically tensioned membranes. Errors due to thickness determination and warping of the films are eliminated, thereby opening up the possibility of solving a number of controversial issues. The method combines the determination of stress from the frequency of the membrane modes with optical measurements of strain. Tests on Ta and Ni films yield values of the biaxial modulus in good agreement with calculated literature data.
Faster optimal parallel prefix sums and list ranking

We present a parallel algorithm for the prefix sums problem which runs in timeO( logn/log logn) usingnlog logn/lognprocessors (optimal speedup). This algorithm leads to a parallel list ranking algorithm which runs inO(logn) time usingn/lognprocessors (optimal speedup).
Inhibition of cyclosporine and tetrahydrocannabinol metabolism by cannabidiol in mouse and human microsomes

1. The in vitro and in vivo effects of cannabidiol on mouse and human liver microsomal metabolism of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine and the psychoactive compound tetrahydrocannabinol have been examined. 2. Preincubation of mouse or human liver microsomes with cannabidiol decreased the formation of all detectable cyclosporine metabolites by 73-89%. 3. In vivo cannabidiol treatment of mouse similarly decreased the formation of all detectable cyclosporine metabolites by 60-86%. 4. Preincubation of human liver microsomes with cannabidiol selectively decreased the formation of tetrahydrocannabinol metabolites catalyzed by cytochrome P4503A by 60% but had no effect on P4502C9-catalyzed metabolites. 5. Cannabidiol has the potential to clinically affect cyclosporine metabolism which may result in increased cyclosporine blood levels and an increase in its toxic side effects, and likewise may also affect tetrahydrocannabinol and its metabolite levels in man.