cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The suppression of brain activation in post-deployment military personnel with posttraumatic stress symptoms

Previous research using cognitive paradigms has found task-related activation that includes prefrontal brain structures and that is attenuated in association with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). The present investigation used a cognitive control paradigm, the Arrows Task, to study subjects who had not sustained a traumatic brain injury during deployment and who had a wide range of scores on the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL). During the Arrows Task there was no significant activation within the full sample of 15 subjects, but deactivation was found within areas that are likely to be involved in cognitive control, including the dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus and parietal cortex. Exploratory analyses were also conducted to compare subjects with relatively high PTSS (HIGH PTSS, n = 7) to those with lower severity or no symptoms (LOW PTSS, n = 8). LOW PTSS subjects exhibited activation in nonfrontal brain areas and their activation was greater relative to the HIGH PTSS subjects. In contrast, the HIGH PTSS group had extensive deactivation and there was a negative relationship between activation and PCL scores within subcortical structures, the cerebellum, and higher-order cortical association areas. For the HIGH PTSS group there was also a positive relationship between PCL scores and activation within basic sensory and motor areas, as well as structures thought to have a role in emotion and the regulation of internal bodily states. These findings are consistent with widespread neural dysfunction in subjects with greater PTSS, including changes similar to those reported to occur with acute stress and elevated noradrenergic activity.
Clones of MRC-C cells may be superior to the parent line for the culture of 229E-like strains of human respiratory coronavirus

A clone was selected from the MRC-C continuous heteroploid cell line which was significantly better than MRC-C for the culture of human respiratory coronavirus (HCV) 229E, strain LP. Such clones could prove generally useful for the isolation of HCV-229E from clinical specimens, and for the propagation and assay of laboratory adapted strains.
Steps toward architecture-independent image processing

Adapt, an architecture-independent language based on the split-and-merge model, is presented. It is specialized for efficient, parallel computation of image-processing algorithms. The split-and-merge programming model is first examined. The Adapt language and its implementation are then described, and its performance is considered. >
Determination of deuterium in organic compounds by infrared spectrophotometry

Abstract The Trenner-Arison-Walker method for the micro-analysis of deuterium in organic compounds involves oxidation of the compound with copper oxide in a sealed tube, collection of the water by vacuum distillation, and analysis of the water by infrared spectrophotometry. Experience in applying this technique to a variety of organic compounds in our laboratory has suggested a number of procedural modifications. These principally affect the methods of sample handling and water collection. Difficulties associated with temperature changes on the spectrophotometry of the deuterium-enriched water are overcome by differential analysis against natural-abundance water using a double-beam spectrophotometer.
Idiopathic Avulsion of the Flexor Pollicis Longus: Case Report and Review of the Literature:

Atraumatic closed rupture of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tendon is uncommon. When it occurs, it is usually associated with a recognizable pathologic etiology. Cited contributing factors for FPL tendon rupture include rheumatoid arthritis [3, 9, 29], Colles’ fracture [6, 21, 27, 39], exostosis of the distal radius [10], scaphoid exostosis [10, 26, 29], ulnar metacarpophalangeal joint sesamoid osteophyte [36, 37], interphalangeal sesamoid osteophyte [34], scaphoid nonunion [7, 18, 19, 28, 32, 35, 40, 42], Kienbock's disease [14], lunate silicone replacement degradation [5], intratendinous corticosteroid injection [30], retained glass fragments [13], migration of a retained foreign body [41], intratendinous tumor proliferation [16], and mucopolysaccharidosis [38]. Rarely, a cause for atraumatic FPL tendon rupture cannot be found. Boyes defined a spontaneous flexor tendon rupture as an intratendinous disruption, which occurs with normal axial loading in the absence of any identifiable underlying abnormality [3]. Seven cases of spontaneous rupture of the FPL have been reported [3, 12, 20, 25, 30]. Only one case of idiopathic avulsion of the FPL tendon insertion was found in the literature [33]. A second case of idiopathic FPL avulsion is described followed by a literature review of spontaneous FPL tendon rupture and idiopathic FPL tendon avulsion. For the sake of consistency, we will use the term spontaneous for intratendinous FPL ruptures previously reported as such in the literature. Idiopathic will be used when discussing unexplainable FPL tendon avulsions.
Weakened Interannual Variability in the Tropical Pacific Ocean since 2000

AbstractAn interdecadal shift in the variability and mean state of the tropical Pacific Ocean is investigated within the context of changes in El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Compared with 1979–99, the interannual variability in the tropical Pacific was significantly weaker in 2000–11, and this shift can be seen by coherent changes in both the tropical atmosphere and ocean. For example, the equatorial thermocline tilt became steeper during 2000–11, which was consistent with positive (negative) sea surface temperature anomalies, increased (decreased) precipitation, and enhanced (suppressed) convection in the western (central and eastern) tropical Pacific, which reflected an intensification of the Walker circulation.The combination of a steeper thermocline slope with stronger surface trade winds is proposed to have hampered the eastward migration of the warm water along the equatorial Pacific. As a consequence, the variability of the warm water volume was reduced and thus ENSO amplitude also decreased....
Synthesis of antiviral nucleosides from crotonaldehyde. Part 3.1,2 total synthesis of didehydrodideoxythymidine (d4T)

Abstract The total synthesis of the antiviral agent d4T 3 from the epoxyalcohol 3 , itself derived from crotonaldehyde 1 , in 6 steps and 18% overall yield is described.
PERFORMANCE ESTIMATION AND ACHIEVEMENT IN INTRODUCTORY PSYCHOLOGY

This study concerned the differences in average achievement among 225 college students whose performance estimation (PE) was high or low. A median split (.83) separated low from high (PE). The results indicated that high or more accurate estimators significantly outperformed low or less accurate estimators in average achievement in introductory psychology. There were no significant sex-related differences in achievement or performance estimation. A simple regression analysis of variance showed that (PE) is significantly related to success in introductory psychology.
The Unfolded Protein Response Regulates Glutamate Receptor Export from the Endoplasmic Reticulum

α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors mediate the majority of excitatory signaling in the CNS, and the functional properties and subcellular fate of these receptors depend on receptor subunit composition. Subunit assembly is thought to occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), although we are just beginning to understand the underlying mechanism. Here we examine the trafficking of Caenorhabditis elegans glutamate receptors through the ER. Our data indicate that neurons require signaling by the unfolded protein response (UPR) to move GLR-1, GLR-2, and GLR-5 subunits out of the ER and through the secretory pathway. In contrast, other neuronal transmembrane proteins do not require UPR signaling for ER exit. The requirement for the UPR pathway is cell type and age dependent: impairment for receptor trafficking increases as animals age and does not occur in all neurons. Expression of XBP-1, a component of the UPR pathway, is elevated in neurons during development. Our results suggest that UPR signaling is a critical step in neural function that is needed for glutamate receptor assembly and secretion.
Parallel methods for ordinary differential equations

Remarkably few methods have been proposed for the parallel integration of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). In part this is because the problems do not have much natural parallelism (unless they are virtually uncoupled systems of equations, in which case the method is obvious). In part it is because the subproblems arising in the solution of ODEs (for example, the solution of linear equations) are the ones that have provided the challenges for parallelism. This paper surveys some of the methods that have been proposed, and suggests some additional methods that are suitable for special cases, such as linear problems. It then looks at the possible application of large-scale parallelism, particularly across the method. If efficiency is of no concern (that is, if there is an arbitrary number of proceessors) there are some ways in which the solution of stiff equations can be done more rapidly; in fact, a speed up from a parallel time of 0(N 2) to 0(logN) forN equations might be possible if communication time is ignored. This is obtained by trying to perform as much as possible of the matrix arithmetic associated with the solution of the linear equations at each step in advance of that step and in parallel with the integration of earlier steps.
How is the heart rate regulated in the sinoatrial node? Another piece to the puzzle

Part of the sympathetic flight-or-fight response is an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) that raises the rate of action potential generation in the heart pacemaker, the sinoatrial (SA) node ([Robinson and Siegelbaum, 2003][1]). The increased firing rate in the SA node increases the heart
CONGENITAL TESTICULAR DEFICIENCY. II. DEFECTIVE SERTOLI CELL DIFFERENTIATION IN HYPOGONADISM OF SO-CALLED “OBSCURE ORIGIN”

WE (1, 2) have recently called attention to certain forms of congenital testicular disease associated with androgen deficiency. In one type (1) there was a complete absence of spermatogonia (germinal aplasia) with preservation of Sertoli and Ley dig cells. In another form (2) a rudimentary cryptorchid testis was entirely devoid of germinal, Sertoli and Leydig cells. It was composed essentially of small solid tubules containing only undifferentiated cells. The purpose of the present communication is to record still another variety of testicular dysgenesis. In this instance Leydig cells are absent, but the Sertoli cells show variable development ranging from complete absence in some tubules to full differentiation in others. At the same time, spermatogonia are preserved, although there is no evidence of germ cell maturation. Tubular fibrosis is conspicuous and could easily obscure the primarily congenital nature of the testicular lesion.
Factors influencing contrast in fast spin-echo MR imaging

Multi-echo pulse sequences for producing T2-weighted images in much reduced imaging times have recently been developed for routine clinical use. A number of recent articles have described the contrast obtained with fast spin-echo (FSE) sequences and have generally indicated that they depict tissues very similarly to conventional spin-echo (SE) imaging. There are, however, some important differences in contrast between some tissues in FSE images. This work presents a detailed study of the contrast obtained with FSE imaging sequences and examines the image sequence and tissue parameters which influence contrast. The use of multiple refocusing pulses produces several subtle effects not seen in conventional SE imaging sequences, and in this study the precise nature and extent of such effects are described. The relative contributions to image contrast of magnetization transfer, the decoupling of J-modulation effects, the production of stimulated echoes and direct saturation effects, of diffusion and of the effects of the differential attenuation of different spatial frequencies, are each quantified. The mechanisms responsible for the brighter fat signal seen in FSE images, as well as the loss of signal from some other tissues, are explained. Computer simulations, phantom experiments, and clinical images are all used to support the conclusions.
Towards Uniform Temperature Distribution in SOI Circuits Using Carbon Nanotube Based Thermal Interconnect

Increasing power density (due to faster clock and high device integration density) coupled with limited cooling capacity of the package causes die overheating and leads to reliability concerns. In this paper, we present a methodology to mitigate temperature-induced reliability problems by transferring the heat dissipated in a region of high activity (such as the ALU in a processor that creates localized "hotspot") to regions of lower activity (such as on-chip cache). We propose to use carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as "thermal interconnect" for on-die heat transfer since CNTs have significantly higher thermal conductivity than typical heat-spreader materials. We note that the proposed heat transfer framework is particularly suitable to thermal management in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices, which suffer from fine-grained thermal gradient. Simulation results indicate that the use of CNTs for heat conduction from hotspot to a region of lower activity (which we denote as a 'coolspot'), achieves 13% (16degC) decrease in temperature at the hotspot and only 3% (1.5degC) increase in temperature at the coolspot of an alpha microprocessor model.
Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) in Practice: Understanding Tests of Heterogeneity in Metaanalysis

Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) in Practice: Understanding Tests of Heterogeneity in Metaanalysis
Malignant pleural effusions.

Pleural effusions are a significant public health problem. Diagnosis of over 1 million pleural effusions is estimated to occur yearly in the United States. Patients with pleural effusions are frequently symptomatic with dyspnea and loss of function. Treatment goals for these patients should focus on relief or elimination of dyspnea, restoration of normal activity and function, minimization or elimination of hospitalization, and efficient use of medical care resources [1,2]. Medical management, with treatment of the underlying cause, may be effective in some transudates. For exudates, management may be more difficult. Malignant pleural effusions (MPE; those effusions associated with primary, concurrent, or distant neoplasms) may be more complex, with frequent recurrence. The arbitrary view of requiring pleural symphysis, achieved by in-hospital drainage, with pleurodesis achieved by sclerosis with chemical or other agents, may subject the patient to a prolonged hospitalization or to other interventions that may significantly reduce quality of life and remaining survival outside the hospital. Pathophysiology Pleural effusions occur between two membranes: the visceral (inner) layer of the pleura attached to the lungs, and the parietal (outer) layer attached to the chest wall. The ‘‘pleural space’’ normally is nonexistent and is lubricated by a slight amount of pleural fluid (10–20 cc) that provides lubrication between the pleura. Fluid (sera) continuously moves from the parietal pleura through the pleural space to be absorbed by the visceral pleura. The fluid is then drained into the lymphatic system. The fluid in the pleural space is minimized by a balance of Starling forces, oncotic pressure in the circulation, and negative pressure in the lymphatics of the lungs.
Livedo reticularis: an update.

Livedo reticularis (LR) is a well-known, relatively common physical finding consisting of macular, violaceous, connecting rings that form a netlike pattern (Fig 1). In most cases, it is a completely benign finding related to cold exposure. However, there are many potential causes (Table I), and this can make the evaluation of a patient presenting with this finding very difficult. An excellent review of the topic by Fleischer and Resnick 1 was published in 1990. We have endeavored to update the literature and provide clinicians with guidance regarding the evaluation and treatment of patients presenting with LR.
Management of peripheral vascular disease: Innovative approaches using radiation therapy

Despite the early successes at vascular recanalization with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, vascular restenosis has emerged as a clinical problem of near epidemic proportions. Numerous pharmacologic and mechanical adjuncts have been tried with little success. Over the last few years, there have major advances in our understanding of the biology of the restenotic process. The process is now recognized as a proliferation disorder, and therapies akin to those used in the treatment of malignant diseases are being explored. Endovascular brachytherapy has shown strong potential in controlling this pathologic proliferative process in the laboratory and in early clinical studies. In this review we discuss some of the basic issues involved in vascular restenosis and the current status of endovascular brachytherapy.
New Computational Framework for Trajectory Optimization of Higher-Order Dynamic Systems

Using tools from systems theory, it is now well known that classes of linear and nonlinear dynamic systems in firstorder form can be alternatively written in higher-order form, i.e., as sets of higher-order differential equations. Input-state linearization is one of the popular tools to achieve such a transformation. For mechanical systems, the equations of motion naturally have a second-order form. For real-time planning and control, a higher-order form offers a number of advantages compared to the first-order form. In this paper, we address the question of trajectory optimization of higher-order systems with general nonlinear constraints. First, we develop the optimality conditions directly using their higher-order form. These conditions are then used to develop computational approaches. A general purpose program has been developed to benchmark computations between problems posed in alternate higher-order and firstorder forms. The program implements both direct and indirect methods and uses collocation in conjunction with a nonlinear programming solver. infancy. However, a few studies in the literature address this issue applied to limited classes of problems. For example, a direct method was used for PVTOL systems to compute the optimal solution, where the inequality constraints were not considered [3]. In recent work, Agrawal and coworkers have used the indirect method to compute the optimal solution in the absence of inequality constraints. In these studies, the system equations were explicitly embedded into the cost functional. The results from higher-order variational theory were used to find the optimality conditions [4]. This approach was applied successfully to linear systems ([5], [6]) and feedback linearizable nonlinear systems [7]. The purpose of this paper is to extend the optimality theory applicable to higher-order systems, without converting the system equations to the first-order form. Using the resulting optimality conditions, direct and indirect computational algorithms are developed and implemented. The same direct or indirect algorithm is used to solve the firstorder and the higher-order optimization problems, thereby, allowing to benchmark the computation requirements in a systematic manner.
Structural changes in Scottish ICT manufacturing sector 2001?2003: the impact on Research and Development

The paper identifies changes in the structure of the Information & Communications Technology (ICT) manufacturing sector in Scotland, with specific reference to the major closures and redundancies during the period 2001?2003, and examines the implications of these changes for the development of the Scottish knowledge economy. However, the economic outputs of the sector, as measured by GVA, has been less severely affected and changes in the scale, composition and character of industry R&D, suggest that the indirect contribution of the sector to the development of a knowledge economy are likely to be more prevalent than in the past.
J. B. Rhine

J. B. Rhine promovierte 1925 an der University of Chicago, wo er sich mit Pflanzenphysiologie beschaftigte. Seine starke Uberzeugung, das der Wissenschaft keine Grenzen gesetzt seien, verbunden mit seinem Interesse an bestimmten unerklarbaren Phanomenen, veranlaste ihn, seine Stellung am botanischen Institut der University of West Virginia aufzugeben, um an die Harvard University zum eingehenderen Studium dieser Dinge zuruckzukehren. 1927 ging Professor Rhine zur Duke University, wo er mithalf, ein Institut fur Parapsychologie aufzubauen und wo er einen Forschungsansatz entwickelte, der eine streng wissenschaftliche Kontrolle bei der Erforschung solch exotischer Bereiche wie Hellsehen, Psychokinese, Vorhersage und Telepathie anzuwenden versucht. Als Direktor des Instituts und als Herausgeber des „Journal of Parapsychology“machte er bedeutende Untersuchungen zum besseren Verstandnis dieser Phanomene.
Successful Price Cycle Forecasts for S&P Futures Using TF3, a Pattern Recognition Algorithms Based on the KNN Method

Basing on the perceived stationary internal structure of market movements on appropriate time scales, a series of interrelated pattern recognition programs was designed to compare specific features of current cycle “legs” with a selected universe of analogous prior market features periods which are then queried to obtain a prediction as to the future of the current cycle leg. Similarities are determined by a K-Nearest-Neighbor (KNN) method. This procedure yields good results in simulated S&P futures trading and demonstrates the hypothesized stationary of market responses to stimuli.
Their Problems are My Problems

In Multi-Agent Systems there has been quite an amount of research on how to model conflicts in (intelligent) agent architectures for example by imitating mental states and augmenting them with social notions. Nevertheless, a great deal of investigation is missing on the transition between internal and external conflicts. Arguments in favor of taking a closer look at this transition include a practical one from applications where internal conflicts may easily become external conflicts and vice versa, and a technical one motivated by the existence of more efficient algorithms for solving internal conflicts.
Opioids in an Evidence-Based World

There is no question that pain of all types is common and that the resulting epidemiologic, economic, and human burden is substantial. In 2011, the Institute of Medicine estimated that 100 million American adults are affected by chronic pain of any type and that associated costs (including lost productivity) are as high as $635 billion [1]. Pain is also an expected outcome of surgery. In 2010, 51.4 million inpatient surgical procedures were performed, and outpatient surgeries accounted for approximately 63.6 % of total surgeries in community hospitals [2, 3]. Cancer-related pain is also an important problem in people with current disease and in individuals with a history of cancer. In 2007, the pooled prevalence of pain across all cancer types was estimated to be greater than 50 % [4]. Furthermore, breakthrough pain in cancer patients can represent a challenging complication. While published estimates of the prevalence of breakthrough pain vary widely (due in part to use of different definitions and inclusion criteria), three estimates published in the last few years provided estimates of approximately 40 %, 44 % (incident pain), 41.5 % (spontaneous pain), and 73 %, suggesting that a significant proportion of people with cancer have relatively complex pain [5–7]. People with current cancer may have pain related to the tumor or from surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation treatment. It is somewhat ironic that as individuals with cancer live longer, the prevalence of cancer-related pain may also increase, even after there is no remaining evidence of disease [8].
Distribution patterns of Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) eggs in hawthorn

The dispersion of eggs of the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), among fruits sampled from two Crataegus mollis (Torr. et Gr.) Scheele hawthorn trees changed over the season, showing first an aggregated dispersion, subsequently a random dispersion, and finally an even dispersion. We suggest that eggs initially were aggregated because when host fruits were very hard and green (mid-August), females deposited eggs in the few sites that could be penetrated with the ovipositor. After the fruit ripened (September), eggs were dispersed evenly, suggesting that under conditions of abundant suitable fruits, females avoid ovipositing in fruit already containing an egg, probably in response to the host-marking pheromone deposited by females following egg-laying. As a result of the placement of eggs, most ripe fruits contained a single egg, thus larvae should have been assured ample developmental resources and minimal intraspecific interactions. Before fruit ripening, there were no significant distributional differences of eggs between the two trees or between the upper and lower half of the canopy. For the entire season, distribution among the tree quadrants was similar. As the season progressed, differences between the trees and crown levels within one of the trees appeared. We conclude that any dispersion study of a species that uses host discrimination cues should consider population density and comparative quality, quantity, and distribution of suitable available resources, as well as changes that may occur in these parameters over time.
Is Information All We Need to Protect

I will argue for a straightforward claim: privacy is best understood as protecting information about us from being known by others. To those unfamiliar with recent scholarship regarding privacy, this claim may seem self-evident, too trivial to deserve defense. At the same time, scholars of privacy may find the claim too narrow or outdated to enjoy sustained defense. This situation makes the view an interesting one, I think. My goal is to develop a conception of privacy that is concise enough to be legally functional and robust enough to be morally valuable. Beginning with richer moral conceptions of privacy, I will pursue a type of reductionist strategy by defending informational privacy as the only meaningful core of privacy interests. My reductionism is not necessarily conceptual. While I think a conceptual reduction might also be defended, my reduction can be seen, primarily, as practical. My reasons for focusing on information are straightforward: (conceptually) I suggest that any private matter must be related to the information aspect, and (practically) that protecting information privacy is sufficient for protecting the other aspects identified in the richer moral tradition; however, protecting only the other regularly acknowledged aspects (either access or expressive privacy) fails to protect information privacy. This analysis of privacy centered on information should be clean enough for legal application while addressing the deepest worries that motivate morally thick analyses. We define the parameters of self-expression and legitimate government access most effectively by carefully defining the parameters for protecting information about our lives.
Preparation and Characterization of Amphiphilic Triblock Terpolymer-Based Nanofibers as Antifouling Biomaterials

Antifouling surfaces are critical for the good performance of functional materials in various applications including water filtration, medical implants, and biosensors. In this study, we synthesized amphiphilic triblock terpolymers (tri-BCPs, coded as KB) and fabricated amphiphilic nanofibers by electrospinning of solutions prepared by mixing the KB with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) polymer. The resulting fibers with amphiphilic polymer groups exhibited superior antifouling performance to the fibers without such groups. The adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the amphiphilic fibers was about 10-fold less than that on the control surfaces from PLA and PET fibers. With the increase of the KB content in the amphiphilic fibers, the resistance to adsorption of BSA was increased. BSA was released more easily from the surface of the amphiphilic fibers than from the surface of hydrophobic PLA or PET fibers. We have also investigated the structural conformation of KB in fibers before and after annealing by cont...
Dr. D.D. (Dick) Hardee

Dr. D.D. (Dick) Hardee, a well-known cotton entomologist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service (retired) and recognized nationally and internationally as one of the world's leading authorities on boll weevils, passed away 19 November 2015. He was 77 years old. Dick was born 21 July 1938 in Snyder, Texas, the seventh child of Richard Arthur and Isla Ruth Autry Hardee. He graduated from Snyder High School in 1956 and received a B.S. degree with Honors in Agronomy from Texas Tech University and his M.S. and Ph.D. in Entomology from Cornell University in 1962 and 1964, respectively. ![Graphic][1] In June 1964, Dick began his 40-year career as an entomologist when he accepted a position as Research Entomologist with USDA-ARS at the Boll Weevil Research Laboratory at Mississippi State University in Starkville, Mississippi. For the next ten years, Dick was involved in pheromone and trap research on boll weevil in support of the eradication program. For years, James (Jim) H. Tumlinson, at the time a USDA-ARS chemist and graduate student at Mississippi State University, would send Dick samples of possible attractants, which he would place in an olfactometer that Dick and technician Bruce Mitchell designed. As Dick often told his colleagues, “Jim Tumlinson started with 40 or 50 pounds of boll weevil frass (excrement)…he called one afternoon and … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
The Faber–Jackson relation and Fundamental Plane from halo abundance matching

The Fundamental Plane (FP) describes the relation between the stellar mass, size, and velocity dispersion of elliptical galaxies; the Faber–Jackson relation (FJR) is its projection on to {mass, velocity} space. In this work, we re-deploy and expand the framework of Desmond & Wechsler to ask whether abundance matching-based Λ-cold dark matter models which have shown success in matching the spatial distribution of galaxies are also capable of explaining key properties of the FJR and FP, including their scatter. Within our framework, agreement with the normalization of the FJR requires haloes to expand in response to disc formation. We find that the tilt of the FP may be explained by a combination of the observed non-homology in galaxy structure and the variation in mass-to-light ratio produced by abundance matching with a universal initial mass function, provided that the anisotropy of stellar motions is taken into account. However, the predicted scatter around the FP is considerably increased by situating galaxies in cosmologically motivated haloes due to the variations in halo properties at fixed stellar mass and appears to exceed that of the data. This implies that additional correlations between galaxy and halo variables may be required to fully reconcile these models with elliptical galaxy scaling relations.
Bucket ORAM: Single Online Roundtrip, Constant Bandwidth Oblivious RAM.

Known Oblivious RAM (ORAM) constructions achieve either optimal bandwidth blowup or optimal latency (as measured by online roundtrips), but not both. We are the first to demonstrate an ORAM scheme, called Bucket ORAM, which attains the best of both worlds. Bucket ORAM simultaneously achieves a single online roundtrip as well as constant overall bandwidth blowup.
Functional expression of transcoabalamin II cDNA In Xenopuslaevis oocytes

The products of invitro transcription of human transcobalamin II (TC II) cDNA when microinjected into Xenopuslaevis oocytes yielded a single secretory protein of 43 kDa. The mobility of the 43 kDa band did not change following digestion with peptide N-glycosidase F. [57Co]Cbl bound to the medium was immunoprecipitated with anti-serum to human TC II, but not to other Cbl binders. In addition, the [57Co]Cbl complex also bound to placental microsomes. These results suggest that TC II mRNA transcribed encodes TC II which contains both the Cbl and receptor binding domains. Furthermore, Xenopus oocytes can be used as a screening system to define structural elements important in TC II's secretion and binding reactions.
Stages of Change in Relationship Status Questionnaire: Development and Validation

This study involved the development of the Stages of Change in Relationship Status (SOCRS) measure in 2 samples of college students. This scale is designed to measure how individuals progress through stages of change when terminating violent and nonviolent intimate relationships. Results indicated that the SOCRS is a reliable and valid tool to assess stages of change consistent with the guiding theory. Implications for practice are discussed.
Does the uterus need to be removed to correct uterovaginal prolapse

Purpose of review Owing to growing interest in uterine preservation, this evidence-based review compares hysteropexy with hysterectomy during surgery for uterovaginal prolapse. Recent findings LeFort colpocleisis is preferred over vaginal hysterectomy and total colpocleisis. The majority of studies show no differences in outcomes comparing sacrospinous hysteropexy with vaginal hysterectomy native tissue prolapse repair except for a single randomized controlled trial showing increased apical recurrences with advanced prolapse. Results comparing uterosacral hysteropexy and sacral hysteropexy with hysterectomy native tissue repairs are inconclusive. Potentially better outcomes are reported when laparoscopic hysterectomy (total or supracervical) is performed with sacral colpopexy compared with laparoscopic sacral hysteropexy, but mesh and morcellation risks should be considered. Data comparing vaginal mesh hysteropexy with currently available products with hysterectomy prolapse repairs are lacking but a high-quality study is underway. Summary High satisfaction and low reoperation rates can be accomplished using a variety of hysteropexy techniques. The advantages and disadvantages of uterine conservation must be considered when planning uterovaginal prolapse surgery. The type of hysteropexy and possible graft configuration may impact reoperation rates for recurrent prolapse. Vaginal mesh risks must be considered and laparoscopic mesh risks must be balanced with potential difficulty of future hysterectomy if needed.
In vitro actin motility velocity varies linearly with the number of myosin impellers.

Cardiac myosin is the motor powering the heart. It moves actin with 3 step-size varieties generated by torque from the myosin heavy chain lever-arm rotation under the influence of myosin essential light chain whose N-terminal extension binds actin. Proposed mechanisms adapting myosin mechanochemical characteristics on the fly sometimes involve modulation of step-size selection probability via motor strain sensitivity. Strain following the power stroke, hypothetically imposed by the finite actin detachment rate 1/ton, is shown to have no effect on unloaded velocity when multiple myosins are simultaneously strongly actin bound in an in vitro motility assay. Actin filaments slide ∼2 native step-sizes while more than 1 myosin strongly binds actin probably ruling out an actin detachment limited model for imposing strain. It suggests that single myosin estimates for ton are too large, not applicable to the ensemble situation, or both. Parallel motility data quantitation involving instantaneous particle velocities (frame velocity) and actin filament track averaged velocities (track velocity) give an estimate of the random walk step-size, δ. Comparing δ for slow and fast motility components suggests the higher speed component has cardiac myosin upshifting to longer steps. Variable step-size characteristics imply cardiac myosin maintains a velocity dynamic range not involving strain.
Daily C - Reactive Protein (CRP) Levels Allow Early Identification of Patients with Severe Complications after Melphalan (MEL) and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT) for Multiple Myeloma (MM).

Background: CRP is an acute-phase reactant that increases rapidly in response to inflammation (including infection). Objective: to assess the value of daily CRP level as a predictor of severe complications [pneumonia, bacteremia or severe mucositis (Grades 3–4, NCI Common Toxicity Criteria)] after MEL-ASCT for MM. Patients and Methods: 199 MM patients (pts) who received a MEL-ASCT and had daily CRP levels on days 0–21 after ASCT. Results: Median age was 58 years (32 – 77) and 60% were males. Mucositis was present in 89% of pts and was severe in 20%; bacteremia and pneumonia developed in 23 % and 13 % of pts respectively.Daily CRP levels (days 0-21): All pts with severe complications had higher daily CRP levels vs. those with mild or no complications (p p = exp(−0.6630 + 0.1837 * CRP slope (mg /dl/day)) 1+ exp (−0.6630 + 0.1873 * CRP slope (mg/dl/day)) This model will now be prospectively validated. Conclusions: Daily CRP levels provide an early identification of MM pts with severe complications after MEL-ASCT. Higher CRP levels correlate with severe mucositis and/or infection. Among pts with mild mucositis, a rapidly increasing and/or a high CRP level suggest the presence of severe infection.
The Complicated Relationship between Gaucher Disease and Parkinsonism: Insights from a Rare Disease

The discovery of a link between mutations in GBA1, encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase, and the synucleinopathies directly resulted from the clinical recognition of patients with Gaucher disease with parkinsonism. Mutations in GBA1 are now the most common known genetic risk factor for several Lewy body disorders, and an inverse relationship exists between levels of glucocerebrosidase and oligomeric α-synuclein. While the underlying mechanisms are still debated, this complicated association is shedding light on the role of lysosomes in neurodegenerative disorders, demonstrating how insights from a rare disorder can direct research into the pathogenesis and therapy of seemingly unrelated common diseases.
Vibrational-state lifetime of Li 6 F

We report here a measurement of the lifetime of the first vibration state of $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$F. The experiment was carried out using an electric-resonance molecular-beam technique and yielded the result ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{10}={14.3}_{\ensuremath{-}2.1}^{+2.7}$ msec. This value is smaller than the prediction of Rittner's model and also smaller than estimates using existing spectroscopic data.
Cosmology: going beyond the big bang

Forty years ago cosmology was the realm of a handful of astronomers and two numbers were the holy grail: the Hubble constant, which describes the expansion of the universe, and the deceleration parameter, which describes how this expansion is slowing down due to gravity. Today, cosmology is an exciting area of research that attracts scientists ranging from astronomers and astrophysicists to experimental particle physicists and string theorists. The Hubble constant and the deceleration parameter have still not been measured, although they may be soon. The new holy grail, however, is to show that all structure in the universe evolved from quantum fluctuations.
Designing Notebook Computers to Ensure a Comfortable User Experience: Effects of Surface Temperature, Material, Locality, and Ambient Temperature

Two studies are described to determine the effect of locality, age, gender, ambient temperature, surface material and surface temperature, on user annoyance during a typing task on notebook computers. The studies were conducted in Oregon and Taiwan, using real computers modified with heaters under the keyboard and palm rests. Computer chassis made from both metal and plastic were studied, and users were exposed to ambient temperatures of both 23 °C and 35 °C. No practically significant effect of locality, age, gender, or ambient temperature was observed, but the ergonomic comfort between metal and plastic surfaces was very different at the same temperature.
A multidisciplinary approach to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy among multiethnic adolescents in the United States.

Abstract Background Childhood obesity has become a serious public health problem in our country with a prevalence that is disproportionately higher among minority groups. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is gaining attention as a safe bariatric alternative for severely obese adolescents. Study design A retrospective study on morbidly obese adolescents that underwent LSG at our institution from 2009 to 2017. Primary outcomes were weight loss as measured by change in BMI and percent excess weight loss (%EWL) at 1 year after surgery, resolution of comorbidities and occurrence of complications. Results Thirty-eight patients, of whom 71% were female and 74% were ethnic minorities, underwent LSG between 2009 and 2016. Mean age was 16.8years, mean weight was 132.0kg and mean BMI was 46.7. There were no surgical complications. Mean %EWL was 19.4%, 27.9%, 37.4%, 44.9%, and 47.7% at 1.5, 3, 6, 9, and 12month follow up visits, respectively. Comorbidity resolution rates were 100% for hypertension and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 91% for diabetes, 44% for prediabetes, 82% for dyslipidemia and 89% for OSA. Conclusions LSG is an effective and safe method of treatment of morbid obesity in adolescents as it can significantly decrease excess body weight and resolve comorbid conditions. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of LSG in adolescents. Clinical research study Descriptive case series with prospective database. Level of evidence IV.
Automatic Pancreas Segmentation Using Coarse-to-Fine Superpixel Labeling

Accurate automatic detection and segmentation of abdominal organs from CT images is important for quantitative and qualitative organ tissue analysis, detection of pathologies, surgical assistance as well as computer-aided diagnosis (CAD). In general, the large variability of organ locations, the spatial interaction between organs that appear similar in medical scans and orientation and size variations are among the major challenges of organ segmentation. The pancreas poses these challenges in addition to its flexibility which allows for the shape of the tissue to vastly change. In this chapter, we present a fully automated bottom-up approach for pancreas segmentation in abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans. The method is a four-stage system based on a hierarchical cascade of information propagation by classifying image patches at different resolutions and cascading (segments) superpixels . System components consist of the following: (1) decomposing CT slice images as a set of disjoint boundary-preserving superpixels; (2) computing pancreas class probability maps via dense patch labeling; (3) classifying superpixels by pooling both intensity and probability features to form empirical statistics in cascaded random forest frameworks; and (4) simple connectivity based post-processing. Evaluation of the approach is conducted on a database of 80 manually segmented CT volumes in sixfold cross validation. Our achieved results are comparable, or better to the state-of-the-art methods (evaluated by “leave-one-patient-out”), with a Dice coefficient of \(70.7\%\) and Jaccard Index of \(57.9\%\). The computational efficiency of the proposed approach is drastically improved in the order of 6–8 min, compared to other methods of \({\ge }10\) hours per testing case.
Effects of an acute therapeutic or rewarding dose of amphetamine on acquisition of Pavlovian autoshaping and ventral striatal dopamine signaling.

Abstract Rewarding doses of amphetamine increase the amplitude, duration, and frequency of dopamine transients in the ventral striatum. Debate continues at the behavioral level about which component of reward, learning or incentive salience, is signaled by these dopamine transients and thus altered in addiction. The learning hypothesis proposes that rewarding drugs result in pathological overlearning of drug-predictive cues, while the incentive sensitization hypothesis suggests that rewarding drugs result in sensitized attribution of incentive salience to drug-predictive cues. Therapeutic doses of amphetamine, such as those used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, are hypothesized to enhance the ventral striatal dopamine transients that are critical for reward-related learning and to enhance Pavlovian learning. However, the effects of therapeutic doses of amphetamine on Pavlovian learning are poorly understood, and the effects on dopamine transients are completely unknown. We determined the effects of an acute pre-training therapeutic or rewarding amphetamine injection on the acquisition of Pavlovian autoshaping in the intact rat. We also determined the effects of these doses on electrically evoked transient-like dopamine signals using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in the anesthetized rat. The rewarding dose enhanced the amplitude and duration of DA signals, caused acute task disengagement, impaired learning for several days, and triggered incentive sensitization. The therapeutic dose produced smaller enhancements in DA signals but did not have similar behavioral effects. These results underscore the necessity of more studies using therapeutic doses, and suggest a hybrid learning/incentive sensitization model may be required to explain the development of addiction.
The Weekend Effect in Hospitalized Patients: A Meta-Analysis

Background The presence of a "weekend effect" (increased mortality rate during Saturday and/or Sunday admissions) for hospitalized inpatients is uncertain. Purpose We performed a systematic review to examine the presence of a weekend effect on hospital inpatient mortality. Data sources PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane databases (January 1966-April 2013) were utilized for our search. Study selection We examined the mortality rate for hospital inpatients admitted during the weekend compared with those admitted during the workweek. To be included, the study had to provide discrete mortality data around the weekends (including holidays) versus weekdays, include patients who were admitted as inpatients over the weekend, and be published in English. Data extraction The primary outcome was all-cause weekend versus weekday mortality with subgroup analysis by personnel staffing levels, rates and times to procedures rates and delays, or illness severity. Data synthesis A total of 97 studies (N = 51,114,109 patients) were examined. Patients admitted on the weekends had a significantly higher overall mortality (relative risk, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-1.23). With regard to the subgroup analyses, patients admitted on the weekends consistently had higher mortality than those admitted during the week, regardless of the levels of weekend/weekday differences in staffing, procedure rates and delays, and illness severity. Conclusions Hospital inpatients admitted during weekends may have a higher mortality rate compared with inpatients admitted during the weekdays.
Intellectual Self-doubt and How to Get Out of It

When I was applying to graduate programs, I received a call from my future mentor. She said I was accepted to their program and that I would be funded through a teaching assistantship. I was informed I would be a teaching assistant for an exercise and nutrition class. “I eat doughnuts and grape
A Developmental Perspective on Adolescent “Rebellion” in the Church:

Theories on the development of faith are reviewed with an emphasis on the developmental changes associated with adolescence in relation to moral development and identity resolution. A unified frame...
Vision-Dependent Tonus Mechanisms of Torticollis: An Evolutionary Perspective

(1999). Vision-Dependent Tonus Mechanisms of Torticollis: An Evolutionary Perspective. American Orthoptic Journal: Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 158-162.