cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hardware Architecture of a Parallel Pattern Matching Engine

Several network security and QoS applications require detecting multiple string matches in the packet payload by comparing it against predefined pattern set. This process of pattern matching at line speeds is a memory and computation intensive task. Hence, it requires dedicated hardware algorithms. This paper describes the hardware architecture of a parallel, pipelined pattern matching engine that uses trie based pattern matching algorithmic approach. The algorithm optimizes pattern matching process through two key innovations of parallel pattern matching using incoming content filter and multiple character matching using trie pruning. The hardware implementation is capable of performing at line-speeds and handle traffic rates up to OC-192, the underlying architecture allows for multiple patterns to be detected and for the system to gracefully recover from a failed partial match, the throughput of the system does not degrade with the increase in the number of patterns or the length of the patterns to be matched. The solution described outperforms most current implementations in terms of speed and memory requirement and outperforms TCAM based solutions in terms of power consumption, area, and cost while remaining competitive in terms of throughput and update times. The complete Snort rule set (2005 release) and VoIP RFC were used to validate our performance and achieve a throughput of 12Gbps with 6KBytes of content filter memory and 0.3 MBytes of total memory for Snort and 0.5KBytes of filter memory and 12KBytes of total memory for SIP.
Uterine Fibroid Embolization

Uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) is a minimally invasive therapy for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids and offers an alternative to conventional myomectomy and hysterectomy. This review focuses on recent publications evaluating UFE and concludes that it is a safe treatment option, providing substantial improvement in both health-related quality of life and symptom control for most patients, with a very low rate of major complications. The durability of these outcomes appears similar to those obtained with myomectomy; however, a direct comparative long-term study is needed. Recent comparative studies have begun to provide more insight in to UFE outcomes compared with outcomes achieved with myomectomy and hysterectomy. UFE should be considered a first line therapy for women with symptomatic uterine fibroids. Additional research will continue to provide us with information as to the ideal candidates for UFE and may provide us with better tools to predict patient outcomes.
Leech locomotion: Swimming, crawling, and decisions

Research on the neuronal control of locomotion in leeches spans almost four decades. Recent advances reviewed here include discoveries that: (1) interactions between multiple hormones modulate initiation of swimming; (2) stretch receptors associated with longitudinal muscles interact with the central oscillator circuit via electrical junctions; (3) intersegmental interactions, according to theoretical analyses, must be relatively weak compared to oscillator interactions within ganglia; and (4) multiple interacting neurons control the expression of alternative modes of locomotion. The innovative techniques that facilitated these advances include optical recording of membrane potential changes, simultaneous intracellular injection of high and low molecular weight fluorescent dyes, and detailed modeling via an input-output systems engineering approach.
Evaluation of DNA/Ligand Interactions by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has enabled the detection and characterization of DNA/ligand complexes, including evaluation of both relative binding affinities and selectivities of DNA-interactive ligands. The noncovalent complexes that are transferred from the solution to the gas phase retain the signature of the native species, thus allowing the use of MS to screen DNA/ligand complexes, reveal the stoichiometries of the complexes, and provide insight into the nature of the interactions. Ligands that bind to DNA via metal-mediated modes and those that bind to unusual DNA structures, such as quadruplexes, are amenable to ESI. Chemical probe methods applied to DNA/ligand complexes with ESI-MS detection afford information about ligand-binding sites and conformational changes of DNA that occur upon ligand binding.
Efficient Monte Carlo decision tree solution in dynamic purchasing environments

This paper considers the problem of making decisions in a dynamic environment where one of possibly many bundles of items must be purchased and quotes for items open and close over time. Probability measures on item prices are used when exact prices are not yet known. We show that expected utility estimation can be improved by considering how future information can affect the purchasing agent's behaviour. An efficient Monte Carlo simulation method is presented that determines the expected utility of an option in our decision tree, referred to as a QR-tree, where the number of simulations needed is linear in the size of the tree. In our experiments simulating a purchase agent in a specific market, the expected utility was estimated more than 50 times more accurately than a greedy method that always pursues the bundle with the current highest expected utility.
From the Roots of Psychosocial Practice-Therapeutic Use of Self in the Classroom: Practical Applications for Occupational Therapy Faculty

The roots of occupational therapy stem from psychosocial practice and embrace concepts of humanism, client-centered practice and therapeutic use of self. These concepts are integral to both clinical and academic settings. As the profession has moved toward graduate level education, increased numbers of non-traditional students are entering the field. Models of teaching that incorporate principles of active learning and therapeutic use of self within the classroom provide a consumer-learner-based model of education that is uniquely suited to students of diverse backgrounds, lifestyles, and educational needs. This article presents a brief overview of andragogical principles and the development of the student-faculty relationship. Mosey's concepts of conscious use of self are introduced as a means by which positive faculty-student relationships can be formed in order to enhance student learning and educational outcomes.
Micro-actuated pixel patch antenna design using particle swarm optimization

Reconfigurable antennas are quite useful because of their versatility in many different applications. An innovative approach for configuring these antennas using an optimizer is investigated. This is accomplished by implementing particle swarm optimization as the antenna controller. Simulation results show rapid convergence onto optimal pixel configurations for a desired resonant frequency. In summary, the Software Optimized Antenna (SOA), a novel class of antenna, is being proposed and investigated.
Anisotropic field‐of‐view support for golden angle radial imaging

Purpose To provide anisotropic field-of-view (FOV) support for golden angle radial imaging. Theory and Methods In radial imaging, uniform spoke density leads to a circular FOV, which is excessive for objects with anisotropic dimensions. Larson et al previously showed that the angular k-space spoke density can be determined by the desired anisotropic FOV. We show that conventional golden angle sampling can be deployed in an angle-normalized space and transformed back to k-space such that the desired nonuniform spoke density is preserved for arbitrary temporal window length. Elliptical FOVs were used to illustrate this generalized mapping approach. Point-spread-function and spoke density analysis was performed. Phantom and in vivo cardiac images were acquired. Results Simulations, phantom, and in vivo experiments confirmed that the proposed method is able to achieve anisotropic FOV while still maintaining the benefits of golden angle sampling. This approach requires 50% less spokes for elliptical FOV with major-to-minor-axis ratio of 1:0.3, when compared with isotropic FOV with the same undersampling factor. Conclusion We demonstrate a simple method for applying golden angle view ordering to anisotropic FOV radial imaging. This can reduce imaging time for objects with anisotropic dimensions while still allowing arbitrary temporal window selection. Magn Reson Med, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nanometer-scale capacitance spectroscopy of semiconductor donor molecules

We review recently reported scanned-probe capacitance measurements of electrons entering silicon donors in a gallium-arsenide heterostructure. Single-electron peaks were observed in the capacitance-versus-voltage curves. The precise voltage position of the peaks varied with the location of the probe, reflecting a random distribution of silicon within the donor plane. In addition, three broader capacitance peaks were observed independent of the probe location, indicating clusters of electrons entering the system at approximately the same voltages. These broad peaks are consistent with the addition energy spectrum of donor molecules, effectively formed by nearest-neighbor pairs of silicon donors.
Design considerations for digital circuit interconnections in a multilayer printed circuit board

The design considerations of signal lines in a multilayer printed circuit board are discussed. The effect of the orthogonal lines on the impedance, delay, and signal cross-talk is investigated for a single line and two coupled lines. The effect of loading and cross-over lines in the memory card design is also discussed. >
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with 46,XY,t(X;7) abnormality in a child

Abstract A 9-year-old child with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans demonstrated a balanced translocation, 46,XX,t(X;7)(q21.2;q11.2), in the untreated tumor, an abnormality not previously reported. Unlike seven of eight other reports of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, no ring chromosomes were present.
Solvent extraction of acidic, chloride solutions of iron(III) by phenylphosphonate diesters in various organic solvents

Abstract The extractibility of iron(III) in acidic, chloride aqueous media by C 6 H 5 PO 3 R 2 dissolved in various organic solvents has been studied; where R = n -butyl, s -butyl, n -octyl, and phenyl. The organic solvents were kerosene, cyclohexane, cyclohexane-cyclohexanone, and benzene. For effective complexing to occur the concentration of chloride and hydrogen must exceed 1M. Retrograde extraction is observed for hydrochloric acid solutions greater than 6M. At a phase ratio of one, and the optimum {H + }, and {Cl −1 }−4 to 6M-the degree of extractibility measured by the percent of iron(III) not found in the aqueous layer was 99+:99+:91:5 for R = s -butyl, s -butyl, n -octyl, and phenyl. For nonpolar solvents, i.e. kerosene and cyclohexane the n -butyl and s -butyl phenylphosphonate complexes of iron(III) are insoluble and appear in a third layer that separates between the organic and aqueous phase. The third layer does not appear in benzene but extractibility does not exceed 92·5 per cent. Cyclohexane-cyclohexanone, 5::1, is by far the most effective solvent in eliminating third layer and 99+% of iron(III) known to be in the sample is extracted.
Philanthropy among African American donors in the New York metropolitan region: A generational analysis

In-person interviews with New York City–area donors reveal significant changes in black philanthropy and sharp differences between generations that came of age before the civil rights era and those who were born later.
Tensile adhesion of type I collagen to titanium alloy and calcium phosphate coated surfaces with different roughness values.

Abstract The purpose of total joint arthroplasty is to reduce pain and restore function. Its success depends on the formation of a new bone that stabilizes the prosthesis. The proposed solution for this important problem is to have bio-coated implant surfaces which are more conductive to bone growth. Additionally, collagen has long been used as a matrix for medical applications, because of its biocompatibility and adaptability. In this study, a test method for measuring the tensile adhesion strength of collagen to titanium alloy and calcium phosphate coated surfaces with different roughness values was developed, in order to evaluate how well the collagen adheres to the metallic and bio-coated surfaces. A precision motion system was used to stretch gels that were adherent to the plate surfaces. The tests were done in DMEM solution. The adhesive strength between the collagen gel and plate was significantly higher for calcium phosphate coated surfaces. Adhesive strength was highest in the sample with the highest roughness value.
Role of Microstructure in Hertzian Contact Damage in Silicon Nitride: I, Mechanical Characterization

In this Part I of a two-part study of Hertzian indentation in silicon nitride we characterize irreversible contact damage as a function of microstructure. Three controlled silicon nitride microstructures are examined, representing a progression toward greater long-crack toughness: fine (F), bimodal with predominantly equiaxed α grains; medium (M), bimodal with mostly β grains of intermediate size; and coarse (C), with almost exclusively elongated β grains. An effect of increasing the microstructural heterogeneity in this sequence is to suppress ring cracking around the indenter, ultimately to a degree beyond that expected from increased toughness alone. Along with the crack suppression is a parallel tendency to enhanced damage accumulation beneath the indenter, such that the contact in the coarsest microstructure is predominantly quasi-plastic. The characterization of damage includes the following: determination of indentation stress-strain curves, to measure the level of quasi-plasticity; measurement of threshold loads for the initiation of ring cracking and subsurface yield, to quantify the competing damage processes; and measurement of characteristic dimensions of the ensuing cracks and deformation zones in their well-developed stages. These quantitative results are considered in terms of formal contact mechanics, along with finite element modeling to generate the essentially elastic-plastic fields in the different silicon nitride structures. This contact mechanics description serves also as the basis for subsequent analysis of strength degradation in Part II. Implications concerning microstructural design of silicon nitride ceramics for specific applications, notably bearings, are considered.
Graphical user interface system for automatic 3-D medical image analysis

Describes a graphical user interface system for constructing automatic image-segmentation processes for 3D medical-imaging applications. The system provides a user-friendly environment for prototyping, testing, and executing complex image-analysis processes and can interact with a graphics-based 3D medical image-analysis package. The interface links to a library of 1D, 2D, and 3D image-processing functions and can easily link to other functions created by the user. Demonstrations of the system are given for 3D left-ventricular chamber extraction and 3D upper-airway analysis. >
Facile xenon capture and release at room temperature using a metal–organic framework: a comparison with activated charcoal

Two well-known metal–organic frameworks (MOF-5, NiDOBDC) were synthesized and studied for facile xenon capture and separation. Our results indicate that NiDOBDC adsorbs significantly more xenon than MOF-5, and is more selective for xenon over krypton than activated carbon.
Optical properties of human prostate at 732 nm measured in vivo during motexafin lutetium-mediated photodynamic therapy

Abstract Characterization of the tissue light penetration in prostate photodynamic therapy (PDT) is important to plan the arrangement and weighting of light sources so that sufficient light fluence is delivered to the treatment volume. The optical properties (absorption [μa], transport scattering [μs′] and effective attenuation [μeff] coefficients) of 13 patients with locally recurrent prostate cancer were measured in situ using interstitial isotropic detectors. Measurements were made at 732 nm before and after motexafin lutetium (MLu)–mediated PDT in four quadrants. Optical properties were derived by applying the diffusion theory to the fluence rates measured at several distances (0.5–5 cm) from a point source. μa and μs′ varied between 0.07 and 1.62 cm−1 (mean 0.37 ± 0.24 cm−1) and 1.1 and 44 cm−1 (mean 14 ± 11 cm−1), respectively. μa was proportional to the concentration of MLu measured by an ex vivo fluorescence assay. We have observed, on average, a reduction of the MLu concentration after PDT, presu...
Managing Human Service Organizations in the 21st Century

In response to the changing political and economic context, human service agencies are being forced or encouraged to adapt their governance and management to emphasize performance, innovation, and ...
Book Review: G. Fletcher, A Crime of Self-Defense: Bernhard Goetz and the Law on Trial

Professor Paul Robinson comments on Professor Fletcher's book, A Crime of Self-Defense: Bernhard Goetz and the Law on Trial.
Reversible and Irreversible Adsorption Energetics of Poly(ethylene glycol) and Sorbitan Poly(ethoxylate) at a Water/Alkane Interface.

We simulate poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) oligomers and model Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate) molecules at water/alkane interfaces. Using the weighted histogram analysis method (WHAM), including an extension of WHAM to two reaction coordinates to remove hysteresis, we calculate interfacial potentials of mean force (PMFs) for PEG and Tween 80 using three force fields: the atomistic GROMOS 53a6OXY+D and two coarse-grained (CG) MARTINI force fields. Because the force fields have not yet been validated for PEO adsorption to hydrophobic interfaces, we calculate PMFs for alcohol ethoxylates C12E2 and C12E8 and find that they agree with semiempirical results of Mulqueen and Blankschtein [Langmuir 2002, 18 (2), 365–376] for the GROMOS 53a6OXY+D force field, whereas for both MARTINI force fields, PEO adsorbs too weakly to a clean hydrophobic interface. One MARTINI force field incorrectly shows depletion rather than adsorption to a clean hydrophobic interface. We find that the adsorption free energy fo...
Catch of Insects at Different Heights in Traps Equipped with Blacklight Lamps

Two trap installations were operated during 1967 in Wilson County, North Carolina, to gather information on the flying heights of tobacco insects. In I installation, insect traps equipped with blacklight lamps were mounted at about 11-ft intervals to 99 ft above ground with the lowest trap 11 ft above ground; in a 2nd installation, traps were mounted at 5-ft intervals to 20 ft above ground with the lowest trap at ground level. Catches of tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta (Johannson), and tomato hornworm, M. quinquemaculata (Haworth), were notably larger in the ground-level trap than in higher traps, indicating that catches of trap installations using blacklight as an attractant are enhanced by operating a trap at ground level to capture moths going to the ground after being attracted to traps at higher levels. Height distribution in the traps is reported for the following 12 species: salt-marsh caterpillar, Estigmene acrea (Drury); black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel); cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner); armyworm, Pseudaletia unipulncta (Haworth); yellow-striped armyworm, Prodenia ornithogalli Guenee; corn carworm, Heliothis Zea (Boddie); tobacco hornworm, tomato hornwom, ground beetle, Harpalus sp.; carrion beetle, Silpha surinamensis F.; and May beetles Phyllophaga crenulata Froelich and P. lulctuosa Horn.
CS-15NUCLEAR FACTOR I-A (NFIA) PROMOTES GBM SURVIVAL THROUGH NFkB PATHWAY

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary human malignant tumor and is almost incurable. Treatment of GBM is challenging, partly due to apoptosis evasion and drug resistance. We recently showed that Nuclear Factor I-A (NFIA), a glial fate determinant, promotes GBM malignant behavior and inhibits cell death. Our subsequent analysis showed that NFkB p65 contains an NFIA-binding motif and physically associates with NFIA. NFkB is a transcription factor that plays key roles in cell survival, resistance to cytotoxic therapy, and immune responses. Further, we showed that the levels of NFIA and NFkB are highly correlated in the primary GBM tumors. Using gain- and loss-of function approaches, we demonstrated that NFIA induces NFkB transcription and increases the level of NFkB and its downstream anti-apoptotic factors. Interestingly, NFIA expression also increases in response to ectopic NFkB or to the NFkB activator TNFa, suggesting a feed-forward effect. Moreover, both genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of NFkB blocks the anti-apoptotic effect of NFIA. Together, these data suggest that NFIA-induced survival is mediated in part by NFkB. These novel observations place NFIA at the center of a signaling network that controls GBM progression. This is the first evidence to link between NFIA and NFkB in glioma biology and thus facilitate our understanding of emerging role of NFIA in cancer, which may open new insights into therapy by targeting relevant pathways.
Investigation of the effect of transverse thermal dispersion on forced convection in porous media

In this paper an analytical study of the effect of the transverse thermal dispersion on fully developed forced convection in a parallel-plate channel filled with an isotropic fluid saturated porous medium is carried out. It is assumed that the momentum flow in the channel is governed by the Brinkman-Forchheimer-extended Darcy equation. The objective of the present research is to determine in which situations thermal dispersion can significantly influence heat transfer in the channel.
Housing Biological Abstracts for a Half-Century

Like a molting hermit crab that must seek a larger shell because of its genetically programmed tendency to grow larger, Biological Abstracts has been forced from time to time to find successive new homes with more adequate space for its inherently and inescapably expanding activities; but, until nearly ten years ago, all were on or adjacent to the campus of the University of Pennsylvania—and, until 1959, were the property of that institution. If Biological Abstracts had been required to pay rent for its central offices, especially during its leanest years of the mid- and late 1930s, it is doubtful whether it could have survived. This extra expense, small as it seems at today’s inflated prices, could have been the financial straw to break the camel’s back—as it was, even the cost of heating, lighting, and janitorial service seemed at times a heavy financial burden. Very naturally, the minutes of the meetings of the board of trustees of Biological Abstracts through the years abound in earnest and heartfelt expressions of gratitude to the university for its continued and generous hospitality in providing space for operations—and at no cost. These forty years of close association with the university, from late 1925 onward, resulted from no coincidence. The first abode of Biological Abstracts, at its very initiation, was two rooms on the second floor of the zoology building (Schramm, 1925), at the invitation of Prof, C. E. McClung, who at the time was chairman of the Department of Zoology and director of the laboratory, and who, through the years, had played an extremely influential role in the chain of events that led to the establishment of Biological Abstracts in the first place.
The Vast and Varied Global Burden of Norovirus: Prospects for Prevention and Control

Globally, norovirus is associated with approximately one-fifth of all diarrhea cases, with similar prevalence in both children and adults, and is estimated to cause over 200,000 deaths annually in developing countries. Norovirus is an important pathogen in a number of high-priority domains: it is the most common cause of diarrheal episodes globally, the principal cause of foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States, a key health care–acquired infection, a common cause of travel-associated diarrhea, and a bane for deployed military troops. Partly as a result of this ubiquity and burden across a range of different populations, identifying target groups and strategies for intervention has been challenging. And, on top of the breadth of this public health problem, there remain important gaps in scientific knowledge regarding norovirus, especially with respect to disease in low-income settings. Many pathogens can cause acute gastroenteritis. Historically, rotavirus was the most common cause of severe disease in young children globally. Now, vaccines are available for rotavirus and are universally recommended by the World Health Organization. In countries with effective rotavirus vaccination programs, disease due to that pathogen has decreased markedly, but norovirus persists and is now the most common cause of pediatric gastroenteritis requiring medical attention. However, the data supporting the precise role of norovirus in low- and middle-income settings are sparse. With vaccines in the pipeline, addressing these and other important knowledge gaps is increasingly pressing. We assembled an expert group to assess the evidence for the global burden of norovirus and to consider the prospects for norovirus vaccine development. The group assessed the evidence in the areas of burden of disease, epidemiology, diagnostics, disease attribution, acquired immunity, and innate susceptibility, and the group considered how to bring norovirus vaccines from their current state of development to a viable product that will benefit global health.
Evidence for immune-mediated destruction as mechanism for LCMV-induced anemia in persistently infected mice

A docile substrain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) causes a persistent infection in adult C3HeB mice and induces a severe anemia, which, unlike the viremia, eventually resolves. Measurements of red blood cell (RBC) survival rates demonstrated an increased rate of RBC clearance in these animals, indicating a hemolytic process for the anemia. Normal clearance rates of RBCs from infected mice transfused into control mice suggested that there was not an intrinsic defect in these cells. It also appeared that RBC destruction was immune-mediated, as cyclophosphamide treatments prevented the onset of anemia in infected mice, whereas adoptive transfer (AT) of immune splenocytes into immunocompromised mice reestablished the condition. The AT experiments also demonstrated that the onset of anemia correlated with the functional state of the immune cells. In addition, opsonization of RBCs was demonstrated by macrophage phagocytosis, and the appearance of opsonized RBCs corresponded with the course of the anemia. These findings support a hypothesis of RBC opsonization and subsequent phagocytosis by macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system as the mechanism for RBC destruction in LCMV-induced hemolytic anemia.
Müllerian aplasia with hypoplastic thumbs: Two case reports.

Two cases of Mullerian aplasia associated with unilateral hypoplasia of the thumbs and skeletal spine deformities in two unrelated females are reported, and the pertinent literature is reviewed. Mullerian aplasia is frequently associated with skeletal spine deformities, but has not been reported to be associated with hypoplasia of the thumbs. Several heritable syndromes, including the hand-foot-uterus syndrome, are characterized by uterovaginal and distal extremity malformations but are not associated with skeletal spine anomalies. The two cases reported here represent a previously unreported constellation of anomalies.
Longitudinal evaluation of neuropsychological function in homosexual men with HIV infection: 18-month follow-up.

Abstract Subjects were 21 men with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL, n = 13) or AIDS-related complex (ARC, n = 8), who were not receiving anti-retroviral medication, and 21 controls. At baseline, mild cognitive impairment was detected in language, memory, attention, and visual and auditory processing, primarily in patients with ARC. On follow-up, the ARC group showed continued impairment and abnormalities on new measures of distractibility and activities of daily living. Although mild decline in verbal memory was noted for some patients, overall neuropsychological profiles did not show deterioration. Nomenclature for the pattern of mild, stable neuropsychological changes in patients with cognitive symptoms is discussed. Two interdisciplinary panels have recommended the term HIV-1-associated minor cognitive/motor disorder. Unlike the term AIDS dementia, it does not imply progression or a diagnosis of AIDS.
Multiple Giant Coronary Arteries Aneurysms: A Case Report

Coronary artery aneurysms are rare, with an incidence of 0.15% to 4.9% on angiography. Giant coronary artery aneurysms are even rarer, with an incidence of 0.02%. In most cases, only single coronary artery aneurysms have been reported. We performed an autopsy on a 61-year-old man with multiple comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, and myocardial infarction with aortic and bilateral …
Moral Enhancement? Acknowledging Limitations of Neurotechnology and Morality

Nakazawa, Yamamoto, Tachibana, and colleagues (2016) offer their hopes and concerns about employing real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rt-fMRI)-based neurofeedback to treat mental dis...
Analysis of centralized and decentralized cloud architectures

This research analyzes cloud computing systems from a design perspective. Specifically, the research investigates the impact of distributed and centralized cloud architectures on security and performance. It begins by establishing a generic terminology for comparing cloud computing systems. Next, four architectural components of clouds are compared. The components are: compute, storage, networking, and VM registry. These subsystems are core features which collectively dictate the scope and composition of the cloud's attack surface. For each subsystem, the implications of distributed and centralized architectures are observed. Specific examples and four leading cloud computing platforms are referenced. The selected cloud platforms are vCloud, OpenStack, Eucalyptus, and Cloudstack. These platforms were selected because they present variations of distributed or centralized architectures. The results describe the relative strengths and weaknesses of both types of architectures. Finally, this research concludes that neither architectural approach is more secure, since both incorporate risk tradeoffs in their core components.
Origami-Inspired 3D Assembly of Egg-Crate Shaped Metamaterials Using Stress and Surface Tension Forces

We discuss the self-folding of patterned metallic sheets using both differential stress and surface forces. The advantageous characteristics of the technique include, (a) The creation of 3D patterned corrugated metamaterials with pattern resolution limited only by that of planar lithography. Since planar lithography is highly versatile, a variety of patterns with different sizes and shapes can be formed. (b) The hands-free and wire-free self-folding of these materials use two orthogonal forces derived from the release of residual stress and the minimization of surface tension. Hence, this process is highly parallel and scalable allowing such materials to be mass produced. (c) Finally, the edges of the materials self-align and seal due to capillary forces of the liquid hinges—this self-sealing enhances overall rigidity and strength of the materials. Consequently, the self-folding of patterned and sealed “egg-crate” shaped metamaterials was realized. Patterns were incorporated in the form of “smart” patches on the walls of the egg-crates which can be selectively functionalized with biomolecules. Apart from the intellectual appeal of these hands-free, self-sealing materials, we envision applicability of these egg-crate like microstructures in lab-on-a-chip assays as functionalized microwells and as light weight mechanical metamaterials.
Performance degradation estimation of robot in highly radioactive environment: Servo Motor Control

For robot application in highly radioactive environment, the possible radiational damage to the components must be evaluated. Particularly, our work discussed in this paper chooses servo motor as the research object, considering motor control issues which is more realistic in practical robot application. We study the performance degradation of the robot servo motor by introducing the radiation effect on the specific motor constant in the motor model, establish a PID control scheme for motor speed control, and simulate the radiation-induced performance degradation.
Oral colostrum priming shortens hospitalization without changing the immunomicrobial milieu.

Oral colostrum priming shortens hospitalization without changing the immunomicrobial milieu
Search for light dark photon with neutral meson decays at the PHENIX experiment

Abstract In several theoretical models, an additional U(1) gauge field for dark matter has been introduced to explain experimental results deviating from the standard model calculations. The gauge boson of the U(1) gauge field, a so-called “dark photon”, can mix with QED photons in any photon production process owing to very weak coupling of the U(1) gauge field to the standard model. The dark photon has been relevant recently to explain 3.6σ discrepancy of the measured muon anomalous magnetic moment ( g − 2 ) μ from the standard model calculations. The PHENIX experiment has made a search for electron pairs from dark photons appearing within π 0 , η Dalitz decays. Upper limits on the dark photon mixing strength has been determined for 30 m U 90 MeV / c 2 . Combining with relevant results from other experiments, the possibility of the explanation of the measured ( g − 2 ) μ by the dark photon is ruled out.
Role of Oxidative Stress in Epigenetic Modification of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy

In the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, damaged retinal mitochondria accelerate apoptosis of retinal capillary cells, and regulation of oxidative stress by manipulating mitochondrial superoxide dismutase ( Sod2 ) protects mitochondrial homeostasis and prevents the development of diabetic retinopathy. We have shown that diabetes activates retinal matrix metalloproteinase-9, and activated MMP-9 damages the mitochondria. Recent studies have shown that the machinery responsible for epigenetic modifications is also altered in diabetes, and a dynamic DNA methylation process plays an important role in regulation of retinal MMP-9 transcription. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of oxidative stress in retinal MMP-9 transcription in diabetes. Methods The effect of regulation of mitochondrial superoxide on DNA methylation of MMP-9 promoter was investigated in retinal endothelial cells incubated in the presence or absence of a MnSOD mimetic- MnTBAP, by quantifying the levels of 5 methyl cytosine (5mC) and hydroxyl-methyl cytosine (5hmC). The binding of DNA methylating and hydroxymenthylating enzymes (Dnmts and Tets, respectively) at MMP-9 promoter (by chromatin immunoprecipitation) and mitochondrial homeostasis (cytochrome c leakage in cytosol and mtDNA transcription) were also evaluated. The in vitro results were confirmed in the retina of diabetic mice overexpressing Sod2 . Results Addition of MnTBAP ameliorated glucose-induced decrease in 5mC levels and increase in Dnmt1 binding at the MMP-9 promoter. In the same cell preparations, MnTBAP also ameliorated alterations in 5hmC levels and Tet binding, regulated MMP-9 transcription and prevented mitochondrial damage. Similarly, mice overexpressing Sod2 were protected from diabetes-induced alteration in MMP-9 promoter methylation and its transcription, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Conclusions Thus, oxidative stress regulation by chemical/genetic approaches maintains retinal mitochondrial homeostasis by ameliorating epigenetic modifications of the MMP -9 promoter.
Abstract A04: An inflammatory gene signature distinguishes neurofibroma Schwann cells and macrophages from cells in the normal peripheral nervous system

Neurofibromas are benign peripheral nerve tumors driven by NF1 loss in Schwann cells (SCs). Current evidence suggests that an inflammatory environment is critical for neurofibroma development and growth, however the roles of intercellular interactions between SCs and other cells in neurofibroma microenvironment are not clear yet. Neurofibromas contain numerous macrophages. We analyzed gene expression in FACS-sorted SCs and macrophages from wild type nerve and neurofibroma. Nerve macrophage transcriptomes differed from previously defined macrophage sub-populations. In 1-month-old Nf1 mutant nerve, neither SCs nor macrophages significantly differed from their counterparts in normal mice. In 7-month-old neurofibromas, macrophages showed significantly altered gene expression, as did neurofibroma SCs. Computational reconstruction of SC-macrophage molecular networks based on the gene expression data revealed extensive inflammatory-associated signaling and possible interplay between macrophages and Schwann cells. Among these were previously implicated pathways and novel paracrine and autocrine loops involving cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Specifically, the data predicted increased cytokine expression and imbalanced type-I/type-II interferon signaling, which were confirmed by protein profiling, and normalized in neurofibroma-bearing mice treated with PEGylated interferon-α2b. These studies identify Nf1 mutant SCs interactions with macrophages, which result in chronic inflammation and neurofibroma, and provide a system in which to study early changes in benign tumorigenesis. Citation Format: Kwangmin Choi, Kakajan Komurov, Jonathan S. Fletcher, Edwin Jousma, Jose A. Cancelas, Jianqiang Wu, Nancy Ratner. An inflammatory gene signature distinguishes neurofibroma Schwann cells and macrophages from cells in the normal peripheral nervous system. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2016 Oct 20-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2017;5(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A04.
Qualitative analysis of the Dix-Hallpike maneuver in multi-canal BPPV using a biomechanical model: Introduction of an expanded Dix-Hallpike maneuver for enhanced diagnosis of multi-canal BPPV.

Introduction/Objective Multiple canal BPPV can be a diagnostic challenge to the clinician. This is due in part to the complex anatomy of the labyrinth but also to complex and often simultaneous ocular responses that result from stimulation of multiple canals during traditional diagnostic testing. Our objective was to analyze the Dix-Hallpike maneuver used in the diagnosis of BPPV to look for patterns of simultaneous canal response and to develop a diagnostic maneuver that will allow separation of canal responses in multiple canal BPPV.
Nonpharmacologic strategies and topical agents for treating atopic dermatitis: an update

The signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis can be safely and effectively controlled in most patients; in many cases, the disease can be improved to the point that signs and symptoms are absent or minimal. In addition, flares can be effectively controlled and, in some cases, prevented. New topical medications, improved strategies for the use of topical corticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors, and judicious use of nonpharmacologic regimens-including bathing, bleach baths, and early use of emollients-have led to better disease management and improved quality of life for patients and their families.
Ribosomal Zinc Finger Proteins: The Structure and the Function of Yeast YL37a

Zinc finger motifs are common in ribosomal proteins: they are widely distributed in nature, having been found amongst the proteins of both subunits of the ribosomes of all species examined in the three kingdoms; the motif is always of the C2C2 variety and occurs only once in a protein. Despite wide distribution there is neither strict conservation of the ribosomal proteins with the motif nor of the entire motif in homologous proteins. A comprehensive genetic, biochemical, and structural analysis has been made of the contribution of the zinc finger to the function of yeast ribosomal protein YL37a, to date the only study of its kind. Replacement, one at a time, of the cysteines with serines in the motif in YL37a revealed that all four cysteines are required for the binding of zinc; nonetheless, cells with mutations in three of the four cysteines do not suffer a significant impairment of growth, nor is the binding to rRNA of the mutant proteins materially affected. It is possible that the zinc finger motif in ribosomal proteins are the vestiges, biological fossils if you will, of a former function, and that the motif has been preserved despite the ribosomal proteins having come to use alternate amino acid sequences and/or structures to bind to rRNA as has been shown to be the case for YL37a.
Neurological Mutant Mice as Genetic Models for Neuronal Transplantation

There is a large number of mutations in the laboratory mouse that affect the development or maintenance of specific cell populations or regions of the nervous system.1,2 Such mutations provide useful experimental material for the study of cellular phenomena related to normal and aberrant development of the brain and the degeneration of nerve cells.
Mechanical Characterization and Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Stacks

Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are made up of repeating sequences of thin layers of cermet electrodes, ceramic electrolytes, seals, and current-collectors. For electro-chemical reasons it is best to keep the electrolyte layers as thin as possible. However, for electrolyte-supported cells, the thin electrolytes are more susceptible to damage during production, assembly, and operation. The latest-generation electrolyte-supported SOFCs employ a honeycomb-type support structure that includes both thick and thin regions within the electrolyte. The thin regions are more electro-chemically efficient, while the thick regions provide mechanical support. The performance of the electrolyte within the context of a mechanically and thermally loaded stack is being investigated. Temperature profiles are obtained from CFD models. Mechanical and thermal material properties are obtained from experiments with individual components. Single-component models are used to further characterize components with complex geometries, particularly the electrolyte and the compliant, electrically conducting metal foams. A 2-D stack model uses the data from experiments and single-component models to evaluate the mechanical response of the cells to loads comparable to those experienced in assembly and operation. The model is run both at room temperature and at operating temperature to determine which parameters can best reduce the demands on the brittle electrolyte without sacrificing electro-chemical efficiency.
Flavoprotein Fluorescence Correlation with Visual Acuity Response in Patients Receiving Anti-VEGF Injection for Diabetic Macular Edema

Anti-VEGF treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) complicating diabetic retinopathy (DR) has greatly improved structural and visual outcomes for patients with diabetes mellitus. However, up to 50% of patients are either nonresponsive or refractory to anti-VEGF treatment (no improvement in BCVA or central macular thickness (CMT)). It is believed that factors such as mitochondrial structural and functional damage, due to oxidative stress, are partially responsible for this lack of improvement. Flavoprotein fluorescence (FPF) has been shown to be a sensitive marker of mitochondrial function and has been found to correlate with the degree of diabetic retinopathy. FPF may also provide additional information regarding therapeutic response of patients receiving anti-VEGF treatment for DME. Eight patients with DR and DME with clinically significant DME (CSDME) who underwent anti-VEGF (bevacizumab) treatment were imaged before injection and at follow-up visit using FPF in addition to standard color fundus photography and OCT CMT. A strong correlation ( ) between the FPF decrease and the BCVA improvement was observed; BCVA improved as FPF values decreased. Notably, in the same patients, the correlation between OCT CMT decrease and BCVA improvement ( ) was not found to be significant ( ). These findings suggest that FPF can detect improvement in metabolic function preceding structural improvement and even with small changes in edema. Additionally, FPF may be supplementary to current diagnostic methods for earlier detection of therapeutic response to anti-VEGF treatment in patients with DME.
Cross-Linked Ionomer Gel Separators for Polysulfide Shuttle Mitigation in Magnesium–Sulfur Batteries: Elucidation of Structure–Property Relationships

Cross-linked ionomer networks of varying poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate cross-linker chain length, ionic comonomer chemistry, and comonomer ratio have been studied for their use as polysulfide shuttle inhibiting separators in magnesium–sulfur (Mg–S) batteries. Through the use of X-ray scattering, polysulfide diffusion experiments, conductivity measurements, and Mg–S cell cycling, it was determined that inclusion of tethered anions in polymer networks mitigates the polysulfide shuttle effect. Polysulfide crossover through networks into a bulk electrolyte can be reduced by absorption into the polymer gel, steric rejection, and electrostatic rejection, with the predominance of these mechanisms dictated by polymer composition and structure. The best network composition allowed an initial Mg–S cell discharge capacity of 522 mAh/g compared to a discharge capacity of 365 mAh/g using a literature standard glass fiber separator. The ionomer cell saw 67% capacity retention after three cycles, whereas the glass fi...
Leading a Privademic Medical Center: Experience Running the Rothman Institute

The Rothman Institute is a leader in the field of orthopedic surgery, when it comes to both clinical and research output. The Rothman Institute’s privademic business model is the result of a unique collaboration between the Thomas Jefferson University Hospital and the physicians at the Rothman Institute. This unique partnership has allowed the Rothman Institute to position itself in a place to succeed and thrive in an ever-changing healthcare environment.
Experimental study of drag reduction on a golf driver club using discrete surface elements

A low-speed wind tunnel investigation is presented documenting drag reduction to a golf driver club. Geometrical modifications (or elements) were attached to the golf driver. The size, spacing, and location of the elements were varied. Wind tunnel velocities spanned a range from the amateur to professional golfer. Measurements included both force balance and surface pressure accompanied by flow visualization to aid in flow diagnostics. The results indicated that a 40% reduction in drag can be achieved, primarily due to reduced pressure over the forward face of the crown and increased pressure over the crown’s aft extents. This reduction in drag was estimated to yield a 0.54 m/s (1.2 mph) club head speed gain, causing a 3.65 m (4 yds) increase in carry distance.
A sensitive portable fluorometer coupled with miniaturized integrating sphere

The paper presents a portable fluorescence detector with a tested limit of detection at 0.4 nM of the fluorescein solution. This detector was prototyped with a miniaturized integrating sphere that couples a sample-filled glass flow-cell, a 450-nm laser diode, a 550 nm longpass optical filter, and a light sensor. The integrating sphere is shown to improve the sensitivity and resolution of detection by collecting all the fluorescence emanation. A comparative study with two integrating spheres of 0.75-in diameter, reflective vs. black, shows that the former enables (1) a larger amount of irradiance at the light sensor, (2) a lower limit of detection, and (3) better resolution of detection. An estimation of the battery lifetime is given for various scenarios of operating this fluorometer for measurements.