cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bacterioplankton dynamics in the McMurdo Dry Valley Lakes, Antarctica : Production and biomass loss over four seasons

Research of the microbial ecology of McMurdo Dry Valley lakes has concentrated primarily on phototrophs; relatively little is known about the heterotrophic bacterioplankton. Bacteria represent a substantial proportion of water column biomass in these lakes, comprising 30 to 60% of total microplankton biomass. Bacterial production and cell numbers were measured 3 to 5 times, within four Antarctic seasons (October to January), in Lakes Fryxell, Hoare, and Bonney. The winter–spring transition (September to October) was included during one year. Lake Fryxell was the most productive, but variable, lake, followed by Lakes Bonney and Hoare. Bacterial production ranged from 0 to 0.009 μg C ml−1 d−1; bacterial populations ranged from 3.2 × 104 to 4.4 × 107 cells ml−1. Bacterial production was always greatest just below the ice cover at the beginning of the season. A second maximum developed just above the chemocline of all the lakes, as the season progressed. Total bacterioplankton biomass in the lakes decreased as much as 88% between successive sampling dates in the summer, as evidenced by areal integration of bacterial populations; the largest decreases in biomass typically occurred in mid-December. A forward difference model of bacterial loss in the trophogenic zone and the entire water column of these lakes showed that loss rates in the summer reached 6.3 × 1014 cells m−2 d−1 and 4.16 × 1012 cells m−2 d−1, respectively. These results imply that bacteria may be a source of carbon to higher trophic levels in these lakes, through grazing.
Mapping Petrarch in Seventeenth-century Italian Travel Writing

Through a brief overview of seventeenth-century Italian travel writing, this article highlights the significant Petrarchan presence in this corpus. Petrarchan elements, from quotes of the Canzoniere to references to the poet-wanderer, are found in accounts that vary greatly in terms of itinerary, narrative style, and the author’s reasons for traveling. For some Italian travelers, Petrarch is a fundamental point of reference in creating an authoritative “Italian” travel narrative, both in terms of literary echoes and in representing the traveler-narrator.
PRIMITIVE NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR (EXTRASKELETAL EWING’S SARCOMA) OF THE KIDNEY WITH VENA CAVAL TUMOR THROMBUS

A 28-year-old man presented with gross hematuria and back pain. Medical history and physical examination were unremarkable. Preoperative laboratory values were normal. Computerized tomography revealed a solid mass of the right kidney with extension into the renal vein and vena cava without evidence of metastatic disease. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed tumor extension at the level of the celiac axis, a level II thrombus 4 cm. below the hepatic vein (fig. 1). Chest x-ray and bone scan were negative. The patient underwent right radical nephrectomy and level II vena caval thrombectomy. Gross and microscopic examination revealed a 13 3 13 cm. multilobular, gray, firm mass almost completely replacing the renal parenchyma but confined to the renal capsule (fig. 2). An immunohistochemical stain for the MIC-2 gene product, a cell surface glycoprotein on cellular membranes of primitive neuroectodermal tumor, was positive. In addition, analysis with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated the EWS/FLI-1 fusion products resulting from a chromosomal translocation associated with Ewing’s sarcoma. Chemotherapy, consisting of vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, ifosfamide and etoposide, was initiated. At more than 1-year followup the patient has no evidence of recurrence after completion of chemotherapy. DISCUSSION
Flying in the dark: controlling autonomous data ferries with partial observations

We seek to support communications in highly-partitioned mobile wireless networks via controllable data ferries. While existing ferry control techniques assume either stationary nodes or complete ferry observation of node locations, we address the more challenging scenario of highly mobile nodes and partial ferry observations. Using the tool of Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDP), we develop a comprehensive framework where we expand the solution space from predetermined trajectories to policies that can map ferry observations to navigation actions dynamically. Under this framework, we present an optimal and several efficient heuristic policies. We compare the proposed policies with predetermined control through analysis and simulations with respect to multiple node mobility parameters including speed, locality, activeness, and range of movement. The comparisons show a significant performance gain of up to twice the contact rate in cases of high uncertainty. In cases of low uncertainty, we give a sufficient condition under which predetermined control is optimal.
Calibration of light sources

We present a methodology for calibrating multiple light source locations in 3D from images. The procedure involves the use of a novel calibration object that consists of either 2 or 3 spheres at known relative positions. There are two variants of the process: one which uses range and intensity imaging to find the positions of the light sources, and one that uses only the intensity image to locate the illuminants. We conducted experiments using both variations of the technique to locate light sources in 51 different positions in a laboratory setting. Our data shows that the vector from a point in the scene to a light source can be measured to within 3/spl deg/(6%) of its tote direction and within 0.13 m (9%) of its true magnitude compared to empirically measured ground truth. Finally, we demonstrate how light source information can be applied to burn scar color correction and color segmentation.
Antitumor Activity and Biomarker Analysis of Sunitinib in Patients With Bevacizumab-Refractory Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Purpose To assess the safety and efficacy of sunitinib in patients with bevacizumab-refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and explore biomarkers for sunitinib response. Patients and Methods Patients with mRCC and disease progression after bevacizumab-based therapy received oral sunitinib 50 mg once daily in 6-week cycles on a 4/2 schedule (4 weeks with treatment followed by 2 weeks without treatment) in a phase II multicenter study. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response (DR), overall survival (OS), and safety. Plasma soluble proteins (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]-A, VEGF-C, soluble VEGF receptor [sVEGFR]-3, and placental growth factor [PlGF]) levels were measured. Results Sixty-one patients were enrolled. The ORR was 23.0% (95% CI, 13.2% to 35.5%), median PFS was 30.4 weeks (95% CI, 18.3 to 36.7 weeks), median DR was 44.1 weeks (95% CI, 25.0 to 102.7 weeks), and median OS was 47....
MICROGEOGRAPHIC COUNTERGRADIENT VARIATION IN THE WOOD FROG, RANA SYLVATICA

Prior studies have shown that macrogeographic gradients in temperature associated with latitude and altitude can lead to countergradient patterns of variation in a number of taxa: individuals from colder environments are known to grow or develop faster than their conspecifics from warmer environments when placed in a common setting. In this study, I hypothesized that countergradient variation also is important at microgeographic scales. The wood frog, Rana sylvatica, breeds in open-canopied, temporary wetlands as well as those heavily shaded by vegetation. Shading leads to cooler thermal environments that are associated with embryonic development rates as much as 50% slower than those in unshaded wetlands. Wetlands with contrasting canopy environments are often found within tens or hundreds of meters of each other. In a common garden experiment, embryos from nearby natural wetlands displayed countergradient variation: individuals collected from shaded wetlands developed up to 12% faster than those collected from relatively unshaded wetlands. The results of this study suggest that the concept of countergradient variation may be extended to small scales of space. In addition, the rate and scale of vegetation dynamics (the agent of wetland shading) imply that divergence in development among residents of nearby wetlands may be relatively rapid, on the order of decades.
La historia verdadera de la escritura en español en la Modernidad temprana: algunas reflexiones americanas

Mary M. Gaylord es profesora del Departamento de Lenguas y Literaturas Romanicas de Harvard University. PhD en Espanol, Harvard University. Correo electronico: mgaylord@fas.harvard.edu Maria Piedad Quevedo es Profesora del Departamento de Literatura de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota. PhD Lenguas y Literaturas Romanicas, Harvard University. Autora de Un cuerpo para el espiritu. Mistica en la Nueva Granada: el cuerpo, el gusto y el asco. 1680-1750 (Instituto Colombiano de Antropologia e Historia ICANH, 2007). Correo electronico: mquevedo@javeriana.edu.co
Forcing awareness of mathematics: Self, mind, and content in dialogue

This work is the VERSION OF RECORD (VoR) This is the fixed version of an article made available by an organization that acts as a publisher by formally and exclusively declaring the article "published". If it is an "early release" article (formally identified as being published even before the compilation of a volume issue and assignment of associated metadata), it is citable via some permanent identifier(s), and final copy-editing, proof corrections, layout, and typesetting have been applied.
Using data mining to introduce databases: nifty assignment

In this CS0 assignment, students collect and clean data, create simple relational databases, and then mine their data for interesting rules. Data mining provides a nifty way to motivate students as they learn basic database concepts. The process of using automated algorithms to discover useful nuggets of previously unknown knowledge is not only intriguing, but also allows insight into the value of storing data.
Quality of primary care by advanced practice nurses: a systematic review.

Purpose: To conduct a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the safety and effectiveness of primary care provided by advanced practice nurses (APNs) and evaluate the potential of their deployment to help alleviate primary care shortages. Data sources: PubMed, Medline and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Study selection: RCTs and their follow-up reports that compared outcomes of care provided to adults by APNs and physicians in equivalent primary care provider roles were selected for inclusion. Data extraction: Ten articles (seven RCTs, plus two economic evaluations and one 2-year follow-up study of included RCTs) met inclusion criteria. Data were extracted regarding study design, setting and outcomes across four common categories. Results of data synthesis: The seven RCTs include data for 10 911 patients who presented for ongoing primary care (four RCTs) or same-day consultations for acute conditions (three RCTs) in the primary care setting. Study follow-up ranged from 1 day to 2 years. APN groups demonstrated equal or better outcomes than physician groups for physiologic measures, patient satisfaction and cost. APNs generally had longer consultations compared with physicians; however, two studies reported that APN patients required fewer consultations over time. Conclusion: There were few differences in primary care provided by APNs and physicians; for some measures APN care was superior. While studies are needed to assess longer term outcomes, these data suggest that the APN workforce is well-positioned to provide safe and effective primary care.
Geographic independence and phylogenetic diversity of red shiner introductions

Identifying areas at risk of invasion can be difficult when the distribution of a non-native species encompasses geographically disjunct regions. Understanding genealogical relationships among native and non-native populations can clarify the origins of fragmented distributions, which in turn can clarify how fast and far a non-native species may spread. We evaluated genetic variation across the native and invasive ranges of red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis), a minnow known to displace and hybridize with native species, to reconstruct invasion pathways across the United States (USA). Examination of mitochondrial cytochrome-b variation found that native range populations of red shiner fall into four highly divergent lineages that likely warrant species recognition. Introduced red shiner populations in the eastern and western USA are derived from only two of these lineages. Western USA populations originate from the mid-western and western genetic lineages, whereas eastern introductions derive only from the mid-western lineage. Western USA invasive populations exhibit fewer, but more diverse haplotypes compared to eastern USA invasive populations. We also recovered an undescribed, divergent lineage of Cyprinella that has been cryptically introduced into the western USA, which raises the possibility that hybridization has proceeded following secondary contact between previously allopatric lineages. Approximate Bayesian Computation modeling suggests that the disjunct distribution of red shiner across North America is an agglomeration of independent regional invasions with distinct origins, rather than stepwise advance of an invasion front or secondary introductions across regions. Thus localized control may be effective in managing non-native red shiner, including further spread to areas of conservation concern.
The Production of Metastable Metallic Particles Directly from the Mineral Concentrate by In-Flight Plasma Reduction

Combining the reduction of the mineral oxide to a liquid metal and its rapid solidification provides an energetically favorable route to provide metastable metallic particles or powders. Such an option is available with the Sustained Shockwave Plasma (SSP) reactor in which the mineral oxide is reduced using a carbon-based reductant within the plasma medium and subsequently rapidly solidified. This paper examines the degree of metastability of these metal particles using optical, electron and Auger microscopy and discusses the potential of this processing route.
Effect of Functional Groups in Polymers on Rheological Behavior of Alumina Suspension and Properties of Alumina Green Sheets

Effect of functional groups in acrylic polymers on alumina suspension and alumina green sheets was investigated. The polymers were butyl methacrylate homopolymer and butyl methacrylate-functional monomer copolymers. The suspension prepared by homopolymer showed shear thinning behavior, indicating the alumina particles were flocculated. However, the copolymer studied in the present work well dispersed 0.6μm alumina particles. The amount of adsorbed polymers containing 0.25mol% function groups increased in the order of -COOH, -NR2, -OH copolymers. The same influential order of functional groups was also recognized in the green sheet's packing degree as well as of the reduction in viscosity at 5s-1, TI value and yield stress of suspension using these polymers as binders.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Hand Foot and Mouth Disease in Jinshan District,Shanghai,2008-2010

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hand foot and mouth disease(HFMD) in Jinshan District of Shanghai,and provide reference for framing prevention and control measures.Methods The cases with HFMD in Jinshan District of Shanghai reported from China Disease Surveillance Information Reporting System during 2008 and 2010 were analyzed with descriptive epidemiology.Results A total of 3,370 HFMD cases were reported,with an annual incidence of 130.13/lakh-209.37/lakh.The annual incidence in males was higher than that in females.The majority of the cases were scattered-living children and kindergarten children.Children aged 0-5 years were in high risk,accounting for 95.04% of the total.The incidence peak occurred during May and June.All of the towns(streets) had cases occurring.Preschool was the main gathering epidemic place of HFMD,accounting for 94.57% of the total.Pathogen monitoring showed that intestinal virus CoxA16 was the main pathogen,accounting for 39.16% of the total,while intestinal virus EV71 was the main pathogen of severe cases,accounting for 90.00%.Conclusions HFMD occurrence in Jinshan district of Shanghai shows significant difference in age,sex,occupation and season.To prepare HFMD prevention and control for children under 5 years old in community is the current priority.
Towards open-universe image parsing with broad coverage

One of the main goals of computer vision is to develop algorithms that allow the computer to interpret an image not as a pattern of colors but as the semantic relationships that make up a real world three-dimensional scene. In this dissertation, I present a system for image parsing, or labeling the regions of an image with their semantic categories, as a means of scene understanding. Most existing image parsing systems use a fixed set of a few hundred hand-labeled images as examples from which they learn how to label image regions, but our world cannot be adequately described with only a few hundred images. A new breed of "open universe" datasets have recently started to emerge. These datasets not only have more images but are constantly expanding, with new images and labels assigned by users on the web. Here I present a system that is able to both learn from these larger datasets of labeled images and scale as the dataset expands, thus greatly broadening the number of class labels that can correctly be identified in an image. Throughout this work I employ a retrieval-based methodology: I first retrieve images similar to the query and then match image regions from this set of retrieved images. My system can assign to each image region multiple forms of meaning: for example, it can simultaneously label the wing of a crow as an animal, crow, wing, and feather. I also broaden the label coverage by using both region and detector based similarity measures to effectively match a broad range to label types. This work shows the power of retrieval-based systems and the importance of having a diverse set of image cues and interpretations.
G491(P) Does the ‘weekend effect’ exist in paediatric intensive care?

Background Analysis of the ‘weekend effect’ and discussions about ‘seven-day working’ in the NHS are witnessing a resurgence. Funnel plots have been used as the graphical tool of choice to compare institutional performance, but have not been used to compare performance of days of admission so far. Aims Methods We analysed all admissions from 2008–14 using PIM-2r for risk-adjustment using PICU mortality as the primary outcome measure. Funnel plots for risk-adjusted SMRs with 95 and 99.7% control limits were drawn for elective, emergency and all admissions combined. Weekend admissions (versus weekday admission as reference), emergency admission (versus elective as the reference), out-of hours admission (22:01 to 06:59) and an illness severity marker (using adjusted PIM-2r with logit of nature of admission component removed) were used as explanatory variables in the logistic regression model. Results 1857 (20%) of the 9133 admissions to PICU during the study period occurred during the weekend. 82% of those were emergency admissions compared to only 59% during the weekdays (p < 0.001). Median probability of death using adjusted PIM-2r for weekend admissions was higher than for weekday admissions. [3.7 (1.4–7.2) versus 2.1 (0.7–5.4)%; p < 0.001]. Funnel plots ([Figure 1][1]) and outputs from logistic regression ([Table 1][2]) are shown below. ![Abstract G491(P) Figure 1][3] Abstract G491(P) Figure 1 ![Abstract G491(P) Table 1][3] Abstract G491(P) Table 1 Results of the logistic regression analysis Conclusion We did not find any evidence of weekend effect in PICU. We have shown that funnel plots may be used for comparison of different days of admission. However, caveats associated with interpretation of even adequately risk-adjusted analysis should always be considered. [1]: #F1 [2]: #F2 [3]: pending:yes
Electro-Optic Sampling of High Speed Nonlinear Devices

An electrooptic measurement system which combines the advantages of equivalent-time sampling with differential detection is used for the characterization of high speed nonlinear electronic devices.
Diffusion Immunoassay in Polyacrylamide Hydrogels

A modified format for conducting a diffusion immunoassay is described. Polyacrylamide hydrogels containing antibody are used to conduct the assay under non-flow conditions. Fluorescein-labeled biotin and biotin-specific antibody were used as a model system. This assay format shrinks the device area required, reduces the required reagent volumes, and greatly simplifies fluid handling.
Getting to the Heart of Personality in Early Childhood: Cardiac Electrophysiology and Stability of Temperament.

Abstract Can detection of highly stable individual differences in temperament in early childhood be enhanced using measures of resting heart rate (HR) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)? The current longitudinal study (N = 216, 50% female; two to four years old) tested the statistical moderating effects of longitudinal change in resting HR and RSA on stability of mother-rated temperament. Children with the smallest decreases in resting HR and smallest increases in resting RSA had the most stable individual differences in effortful control. In contrast, those with the largest increases in resting RSA had the most stable individual differences in surgency. Including information on HR and RSA can be useful, though the effects depend on the trait and physiological indicator in question.
Rational Design of T Lymphocyte Epitope-Based Vaccines Against Coccidioides Infection

Coccidioidomycosis is a potentially life-threatening mycosis endemic to the Southwestern USA and some arid regions of Central and South America. A vaccine against Coccidioides infection would benefit over 30-million people who reside in or visit the endemic regions. Vaccine candidates against systemic fungal infections come in many forms. Live attenuated vaccines are derived from disease-causing pathogens and generally stimulate excellent protective immunity. Since attenuated vaccines contain living microbes, there is a degree of unpredictability raising concerns regarding safety and stability. Generation of a subunit vaccine has initiated efforts to design a safe reagent suitable for administration to humans at risk of coccidioidomycosis. Epitope-based vaccines allow for eliciting specific protective immune responses and removal of potentially detrimental sequences to improve safety. This chapter describes methods for the identification of T cell epitopes derived from Coccidioides antigens, design, and production of a recombinant vaccine containing multiple T cell epitopes, and evaluation of its protective efficacy and vaccine immunity against pulmonary Coccidioides infection using a strain of transgenic mice that express a human MHC II molecule.
Predicting risky sexual behaviors among college student drinkers as a function of event-level drinking motives and alcohol use.

Abstract Background Risky sexual behaviors (e.g., sex without protection against pregnancy or sexually transmitted infections, sexual coercion, sex with unknown partners) are common among college students. To effectively decrease these behaviors, it is necessary to further understand factors associated with their occurrence. Drinking motives are a known predictor of both alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences, which may theoretically include risky sex. This study aimed to understand how drinking motivation interacts with alcohol use to predict risky sexual behaviors among college student drinkers. Methods One-hundred and eight primarily female (83.3%) college students (age: M = 19.09, SD = 1.16) who endorsed past-month alcohol use and lifetime history of sexual activity completed up to four weekly Internet surveys assessing daily quantity of alcohol use, drinking motives (i.e., social, enhancement, coping, conformity), and engagement in risky sexual behavior. From 403 reported drinking episodes, four Generalized Estimating Equations were used to predict risky sex from person-centered drinking quantity and drinking motives. Results Strong social motives significantly increased the odds of engaging in risky sexual behaviors ( p = 0.004). Additionally, there was a significant interaction, such that the relationship between risky sex and drinking depends on enhancement motives ( p = 0.021). Conclusions Interventions targeting social and enhancement motives for drinking may be particularly effective in reducing the occurrence of risky sexual behaviors among college students, which may result in a reduction of the negative physical and psychological health outcomes accompanying these behaviors.
Evaluation of Recombinant Attenuated Salmonella Vaccine Strains for Broad Protection against Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli.

Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are difficult to treat, producing a burden on healthcare and the economy. Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains frequently carry antibiotic resistance genes, cause infections outside of the intestine, and are causative agents of hospital-acquired infections. Developing a prevention strategy against this pathogen is challenging due to its antibiotic resistance and antigenic diversity. E. coli common pilus (ECP) is frequently found in ExPEC strains and may serve as a common antigen to induce protection against several ExPEC serotypes. In addition, live recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine (RASV) strains have been used to prevent Salmonella infection, but can also be modified to deliver foreign antigens. Thus, the objective of this study was to design a RASV to produce ECP on its surface and assess its ability to provide protection against ExPEC infections. To constitutively display ECP in a RASV strain, we genetically engineered a vector (pYA4428) containing aspartate-β-semialdehyde dehydrogenase and E. coli ecp genes and introduced it into RASV 9558. RASV 9558 containing an empty vector (pYA3337) was used as a control to assess protection conferred by the RASV strain without ECP. We assessed vaccine efficacy in in vitro bacterial inhibition assays and mouse models of ExPEC-associated human infections. We found that RASV 9558(pYA4428) synthesized the major pilin (EcpA) and tip pilus adhesin (EcpD) on the bacterial surface. Mice orally vaccinated with RASV 9558(pYA3337) without ECP or 9558(pYA4428) with ECP, produced anti-Salmonella LPS and anti-E. coli EcpA and EcpD IgG and IgA antibodies. RASV strains showed protective potential against some E. coli and Salmonella strains as assessed using in vitro assays. In mouse sepsis and UTI challenge models, both vaccines had significant protection in some internal organs. Overall, this work showed that RASVs can elicit an immune response to E. coli and Salmonella antigens in some mice, provide significant protection in some internal organs during ExPEC challenge, and thus this study is a promising initial step towards developing a vaccine for prevention of ExPEC infections. Future studies should optimize the ExPEC antigens displayed by the RASV strain for a more robust immune response and enhanced protection against ExPEC infection.
Tulane University: Public Service as a Brand Identity

In this chapter, the author describes Tulane University’s commitment to public service, community engagement, and undergraduate civic work, and how this aspect of the university is shaping its brand identity. A tradition of public service has always tied Tulane closely to its surrounding communities and has expanded over time to include statewide, nationwide, and international service partnerships as well. The university’s civic mission became even stronger and more deeply institutionalized following the Hurricane Katrina devastation in 2005. So profound was this institutional change that Tulane’s experience now serves as a model for other universities and schools seeking to incorporate similar public service initiatives. The author explores recent university strategies in this area, particularly with regard to undergraduate involvement in community service and social change, reviews quantitative and qualitative outcomes associated with these over the past decade, and shows how Tulane’s commitment to public service is rebranding the university’s image.
Cross-sectional analysis of impregnated excipient particles by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

Abstract Impregnation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) onto porous excipients has numerous benefits for solid dosage formulations. Previous work has successfully demonstrated the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals using fluidized bed (FB) impregnation of APIs onto porous carriers and discussed its advantages (such as easy to implement, improvement of blend uniformity and dissolution kinetics, and stabilization of amorphous APIs). This study aims to develop methods for analysis of the spatial distribution of the impregnated API inside the porous excipient. An understanding of the spatial distribution of the API can be important if one wants to achieve high drug loadings. In addition, the spatial distribution of the API can impact its dissolution rate. The impregnation profile is analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Two formulations are investigated using Fenofibrate and Acetaminophen (model APIs), impregnated onto Neusilin (porous excipient). Several methods are presented for particle embedding and cutting in order to produce cross-sections for analysis. Embedding with carbon-based resins/adhesives produces cross-sections with high quality but the resins contaminate the sample with carbon and reduce the detection of trace elements. Manually cutting particles immobilized on carbon tape or inorganic-based adhesives produces cross-sections with a higher degree of roughness but improves the detection of trace elements and reduces/eliminates carbon contamination in the sample, allowing for API detection by its carbon footprint. EDS analytical results showed that for both Fenofibrate and Acetaminophen formulations examined in this work, the API profile is highly uniform (detected by both carbon and characteristic trace elements).
Early Nuclear Events in the Induction of Lymphocyte Proliferation by Mitogens: EFFECTS OF CONCANAVALIN A ON THE PHOSPHORYLATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF NON-HISTONE CHROMATIN PROTEINS

Abstract The mitogen concanavalin A (Con A) initiates a series of alterations of chromatin proteins early after addition to cultures of purified equine lymphocytes. Within 15 min of addition, Con A induces cellular non-histone proteins to bind to the chromatin and stimulates the phosphorylation of specific nuclear acidic proteins. The rate of phosphorylation of phenol-soluble nuclear acidic proteins increases as much as 4-fold within 2 hours of Con A stimulation. Phosphorylation is maximal 8 hours after Con A addition. The amount of phenol-soluble non-histone protein associated with the DNA increases as much as 4-fold within 6 hours of Con A stimulation. Con A also stimulates the synthesis of nuclear acidic proteins. Cycloheximide inhibits nuclear acidic protein synthesis by more than 90% but does not appreciably diminish the Con A-induced increase in the amount of these proteins entering the nucleus. Prelabeling of lymphocytes with [14C]leucine followed by treatment with Con A in unlabeled medium results in increased labeling of nuclear acidic proteins, indicating that presynthesized proteins are induced to bind to the chromatin in the presence of Con A. Experiments performed with lymphocytes fractionated by nonaqueous procedures indicate that proteins associating with the chromatin in response to Con A are largely of cytoplasmic origin. These results suggest that both a flux of specific proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and an increase in phosphorylation of nuclear acidic proteins precede the extensive gene activation promoted by mitogens.
Postoperative Bleeding in the Bariatric Surgery Patient

Bleeding is an uncommon complication in bariatric surgery due to the development of hemostatic agents (i.e., fibrin glue) and the use of staple-line reinforcement (SLR) products, sophisticated stapling devices and energy sources, and the overall improvement of laparoscopic techniques. The reported incidence ranges between 0% and 4.4% and varies according to the different procedures performed, shown to be up to 6% in sleeve gastrectomy (SG) solely based on the fact that this has the longest staple line of all other procedures. However, bleeding remains a known complication that can be difficult to diagnose and manage in the bariatric surgery population. Failure to diagnose and manage bleeding in a timely manner can result in a significantly prolonged hospital stay and increased morbidity and mortality. This chapter classifies bleeding, etiologies, and diagnosis and discusses management of bleeding in bariatric surgery patients.
SUPPRESSION OF TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE PHENOTYPE IN REOVIRUS: AN ALTERNATE PATHWAY FROM ts TO ts+ PHENOTYPE

ABSTRACT Backcross analysis of a revertant of a ts mutant of reovirus has demonstrated that the revertant contains an extragenic suppressor mutation and is therefore a suppressed pseudorevertant. Studies are summarized which show that (a) extragenic suppression is the most common pathway from ts to ts+ phenotype in reovirus. (b) Nonparental ts mutations can be isolated from reovirus pseudorevertants and some of these mutants represent new recombination groups. (c) Suppressed ts lesions can complicate the mapping of ts lesions, but the ability to identify suppressed recombinant mapping clones makes unambiguous mapping possible. (d) The new ts mutant groups tsH, tsI and tsJ, isolated from suppressed pseudorevertants, map to genome segments M1, L3 and S1, respectively. (e) Suppressed pseudorevertants can be rapidly and reliably identified. (f) Extragenically suppressed virus can be shed from cells persistently infected with a ts mutant of reovirus. (g) Extragenic suppressor mutations in pseudorevertants of reovirus ts mutants can be mapped. In addition, models for the mechanism of suppression in reovirus are presented and discussed. These results indicate that it is critical to distinguish between ts+ phenotype and ts+ genotype when revertants of animal virus mutants are used in biochemical or genetic studies.
Rhythmic Trajectories – Visualizing Cinematic Rhythm in Film Sequences

Rhythmic Trajectories ist eine Serie von kurzen Etuden, welche die rhythmischen Elemente bestimmter Filmsequenzen visuell und akustisch akzentuieren. Als Cutterin und Forscherin interessiere ich mich dafur, filmische Rhythmen aufzuzeigen und visuell darzustellen. Ich folge hier der Idee von Karen Pearlman, dass "die Funktionen des Rhythmus darin bestehen, Zyklen der Spannung und der Entspannung zu erzeugen und die korperlichen, emotionalen und kognitiven Schwankungen des Zuschauers mit den Rhythmen des Films zu synchronisieren." (Pearlman 2009: 61) Rhythmic Trajectories stellen ein sinnliches, kinasthetisches Wissen uber einen Film dar. In meiner Arbeit erarbeite ich eine Visualisierung dieser Trajektorien, indem ich der gegebenen Filmsequenz eine Schicht des visuellen „close reading“ hinzufuge, wahrend die ursprungliche Sequenz erhalten bleibt. Mein Forschungsprojekt befindet sich an der Schnittstelle von Informationsvisualisierung, Digital Humanities und kunstlerischer Praxis und folgt einem mixed method Ansatz. Der Artikel besteht aus zwei Visualisierungen und einem schriftlichen Teil, der die Forschungsfragen darstellen, die Forschung in die verschiedenen Bereiche einordnen und Einblick in den kreativen Prozess der Entwicklung der ersten beiden Visualisierungen geben soll. In der ersten Etude wird eine Sequenz aus der Kurzdokumentation Wagah (Supriyo Sen, 2009, Deutschland / Indien) verwendet, die von der Autorin geschnitten wurde und die die bizarre Choreographie der Flaggensenkungszeremonie an der indisch-pakistanischen Grenze zeigt. In diesem Video-Essay wird untersucht, wie Rhythmus aus verschiedenen Elementen wie Klang und Bewegung, Farbe, grafischen Strukturen, Schnitten usw. aufgebaut werden kann. Die rhythmische Struktur wurde dekonstruiert und formalisiert, um eine abstrakte Notation zu erreichen und eine Bewegung darzustellen. Die zweite Etude konzentriert sich auf den Rhythmus der Gesten in einer Szene aus dem Film A Woman under the Influence/Eine Frau unter Einflus (John Cassavetes, 1974, USA), geschnitten von David Armstrong, in der die Hauptfigur (gespielt von Gena Rowlands) wahrend eines Streits mit ihrem Mann (gespielt von Peter Falk) wild gestikuliert. Dies ist eine „Nahaufnahme“ der Gesten, die das Gesprach definieren und fuhren. Mit einer ahnlichen Visualisierungsmethode werden Gesten in bunte maandernde Linien umgesetzt.
A High-Temperature Model of MOSFET Characteristics in $0.13-\mu \text{m}$ Bulk CMOS

There is an increasing demand for reliable high-temperature electronics implemented in low-cost bulk CMOS technologies. In this paper, first, a detailed study of high-temperature impairments and reliability issues is presented. An analytical model for high-temperature operation of MOSFET devices in $0.13-\mu \text{m}$ bulk CMOS process is then presented. The proposed large-signal model includes temperature effect on the leakage current, carrier mobility and threshold voltage. The small-signal model includes temperature effect on the transconductance and output impedance. A prototype has been made in $0.13-\mu \mathbf{m}$ bulk CMOS. The I-V transfer characteristics have been measured at different temperatures from 25°C to 200°C. The experimental results are compared with the simulation results from the developed model. The simulation results demonstrate a very good agreement with the experimental data. The EDA tools models provided by the foundry do not generally guarantee model correctness at high temperatures. Therefore, the foundry models of the $0.13-\mu \text{m}$ CMOS process have been simulated to verify the model reliability at high temperatures. The EDA tools results are overall in close agreement with the measured data, which shows the reliability of the transistor model for the $0.13-\mu \text{m}$ technology at high-temperature.
Muscle Atrophy Marker Expression Differs between Rotary Cell Culture System and Animal Studies

Muscular atrophy, defined as the loss of muscle tissue, is a serious issue for immobilized patients on Earth and for humans during spaceflight, where microgravity prevents normal muscle loading. In vitro modeling is an important step in understanding atrophy mechanisms and testing countermeasures before animal trials. The most ideal environment for modeling must be empirically determined to best mimic known responses in vivo. To simulate microgravity conditions, murine C2C12 myoblasts were cultured in a rotary cell culture system (RCCS). Alginate encapsulation was compared against polystyrene microcarrier beads as a substrate for culturing these adherent muscle cells. Changes after culture under simulated microgravity were characterized by assessing mRNA expression of MuRF1, MAFbx, Caspase 3, Akt2, mTOR, Ankrd1, and Foxo3. Protein concentration of myosin heavy chain 4 (Myh4) was used as a differentiation marker. Cell morphology and substrate structure were evaluated with brightfield and fluorescent imaging. Differentiated C2C12 cells encapsulated in alginate had a significant increase in MuRF1 only following simulated microgravity culture and were morphologically dissimilar to normal cultured muscle tissue. On the other hand, C2C12 cells cultured on polystyrene microcarriers had significantly increased expression of MuRF1, Caspase 3, and Foxo3 and easily identifiable multinucleated myotubes. The extent of differentiation was higher in simulated microgravity and protein synthesis more active with increased Myh4, Akt2, and mTOR. The in vitro microcarrier model described herein significantly increases expression of several of the same atrophy markers as in vivo models. However, unlike animal models, MAFbx and Ankrd1 were not significantly increased and the fold change in MuRF1 and Foxo3 was lower than expected. Using a standard commercially available RCCS, the substrates and culture methods described only partially model changes in mRNAs associated with atrophy in vivo.
Lentigines and Dyschromia

Lentigines are benign, pigmented macules that are frequently a cosmetic concern for patients. Solar lentigines are an early sign of dermatoheliosis and are common in lighter skinned individuals. Procedures used alone or in combination to treat solar lentigines include topical creams, cryotherapy, microdermabrasion, chemical peels, intense pulsed light, and lasers. Nanosecond domain lasers and intense pulsed light sources are the workhorse modalities for treatment of lentigines, and experience is growing with picosecond lasers. Other methods include cryotherapy, millisecond domain long-pulsed lasers, non-ablative fractional lasers, and lightening creams, which can be used alone or in combination. Treatment approaches are tailored for each patient based on the skin and lesion color, as well as tolerance for downtime and multiple treatment sessions. Test treatments can help the clinician find the treatment with the most efficacy and the least side effects. Most treatment modalities are extremely well tolerated without significant adverse events. Strict sun protection is required to prevent post-inflammatory pigment alteration and lesion recurrence.
Single-Cell Analyses Identify Dysfunctional CD16+ CD8 T Cells in Smokers

Tobacco smoke exposure impacts immune response, leukocyte subtypes, DNA methylation, and gene expression. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) on >45,000 human peripheral blood immune cells from smokers and nonsmokers. Transcriptomes revealed a subpopulation of FCGR3A (CD16)-expressing Natural Killer (NK)-like T lymphocytes that increased in smokers. Mass cytometry confirmed an increase in the frequency of CD16+ CD8 T cells in smokers. The majority of CD16+ CD8 T cells were CD45RA positive, indicating an effector memory re-expressing CD45RA T cell (TEMRA) phenotype. Smokers’ CD8 T cells were biased toward differentiated cells and had a lower frequency of naive cells, an indication of immune aging. FCGR3A-expressing CD8 T cells were inferred as the most differentiated cluster and expressed senescence markers. Smokers expressed senescence-linked genes in other immune populations and had elevated Tregs, which induce senescence. Our results suggest that smoking-induced, senescence-associated immune cell dysregulation contributes to smoking-mediated pathologies.
Children are sensitive to reputation when giving to both ingroup and outgroup members.

Abstract Previous studies establish that reputation concerns play an important role in outgroup giving. However, it is unclear whether the same is true for ingroup giving, which by some accounts tends to be motivated by empathic concerns. To explore this question, we tested the extent to which 5 to 9-year-old children (Study 1: N = 164) and adults (Study 2: N = 80) shared resources with ingroup and outgroup members, either when being watched by an observer (where we expected reputation concerns to be salient) or in private (where we expected no effect of reputation concerns). We also assessed whether children and adults differ in their beliefs about which form of sharing (ingroup or outgroup giving) is nicer. Although we found that both children and adults exhibited an ingroup bias when sharing, there was no evidence in either group that reputation concerns were greater for outgroup members than for ingroup members. We also found that, in contrast to adults, children shared more resources when observed than in private. Additionally, children evaluated ingroup giving as nicer across different sharing scenarios, whereas adults identified outgroup giving as nicer when the two forms of giving were contrasted. These results are the first to suggest that reputational concerns influence children’s sharing both with ingroup and outgroup members, and that children differ from adults in their reasoning about which form of group sharing is nicer.
Association of cough with asthma in chronic rhinosinusitis patients.

Objective To determine whether the complaint of cough in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients is associated with asthma and if there is a potential predictive value for asthma diagnosis. Method Consecutive patients presenting for initial evaluation at a tertiary rhinology clinic who were diagnosed with CRS were considered for inclusion in a cross-sectional study. The presence and severity of cough was determined using the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). Subgroup analysis included asthma diagnosis confirmed by pulmonary function testing (PFT) in our institution, and for chronic rhinosinusitis patients with (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Results The total study population included 297 patients with a diagnosis of CRS, with 63.9% of patients reporting cough. Physician-confirmed diagnosis of asthma was made in 38.7% of patients, and confirmed in 69.6% by PFT. Cough was more frequently reported by CRS patients diagnosed with asthma (relative risk [RR] = 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-2.25), with sensitivity of 73.9% (95% CI, 65.0%-81.1%). This remained significant in the CRSsNP subgroup (RR = 2.65, 95% CI, 1.32-5.30), with sensitivity of 83.3% (95% CI, 70.4%-91.3%) and specificity of 41.2% (95% CI, 33.2%-49.8%). Cough was not associated with asthma in CRSwNP patients (RR = 1.26, 95% CI, 0.89-1.79). Cough severity had poor predication for asthma diagnosis (AUC = 0.60, 95% CI, 0.54-0.65). Conclusions Complaint of cough is associated with diagnosis of asthma in CRS patients. In CRSsNP, complaint of cough was sensitive for asthma diagnosis, although specificity was low. Cough in CRS patients can be multifactorial and asthma may be an important diagnostic consideration. Level of evidence 4.
Engineering of monosized lipid-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for CRISPR delivery

Abstract CRISPR gene editing technology is strategically foreseen to control diseases by correcting underlying aberrant genetic sequences. In order to overcome drawbacks associated with viral vectors, the establishment of an effective non-viral CRISPR delivery vehicle has become an important goal for nanomaterial scientists. Herein, we introduce a monosized lipid-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticle (LC-MSN) delivery vehicle that enables both loading of CRISPR components [145 µg ribonucleoprotein (RNP) or 40 µg plasmid/mg nanoparticles] and efficient release within cancer cells (70%). The RNP-loaded LC-MSN exhibited 10% gene editing in both in vitro reporter cancer cell lines and in an in vivo Ai9-tdTomato reporter mouse model. The structural and chemical versatility of the mesoporous silica core and lipid coating along with framework dissolution-assisted cargo delivery open new prospects towards safe CRISPR component delivery and enhanced gene editing. Statement of significance After the discovery of CRISPR gene-correcting technology in bacteria. The translation of this technology to mammalian cells may change the face of cancer therapy within the next years. This was first made possible through the use of viral vectors; however, such systems limit the safe translation of CRISPR into clinics because its difficult preparation and immunogenicity. Therefore, biocompatible non-viral nanoparticulate systems are required to successfully deliver CRISPR into cancer cells. The present study presents the use of biomimetic lipid-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles showing successful delivery of CRISPR ribonucleoprotein and plasmid into HeLa cervical and A549 lung cancer cells as well as successful gene editing in mice brain.