cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Larval Fish Dynamics in Spring Pools in Middle Tennessee

Abstract We used lighted larval traps to assess reproduction by fishes inhabiting nine spring pools in the Barrens Plateau region of middle Tennessee between May and September 2004. The traps (n = 162 deployments) captured the larval or juvenile forms of Etheostoma crossopterum (Fringed Darter) (n = 188), Gambusia affinis (Western Mosquitofish) (n = 139), Hemitremia flammea (Flame Chub) (n = 55), the imperiled Fundulus julisia (Barrens Topminnow) (n = 10), and Forbesichthys agassizii (Spring Cavefish) (n = 1). The larval forms of four other species (Families Centrarchidae, Cyprinidae, and Cottidae) were not collected, despite the presence of adults. Larval Barrens Topminnow hatched over a protracted period (early June through late September); in contrast, hatching intervals were much shorter for Fringed Darter (mid-May through early June). Flame Chub hatching began before our first samples in early May and concluded by late-May. Juvenile Western Mosquitofish were collected between early June and late Augu...
The Optimum Configuration of a Tethering Cable

The optimum cable configuration is defined as the configuration that will result in the maximum depth of submergence for a given cable tension, or, conversely, as the configuration that will result in the minimum tension for a given depth of submergence. The calculations presented in the report are for cable profiles and operating conditions for which the profile pressure drag is negligible compared to the friction drag. The results offer a rapid determination of the optimum cable configuration for all operating conditions that satisfy the assumptions used in determining the cable loading functions. The same optimizing procedure could be used to determine the optimum configuration of any cable by using the loading functions applicable to the particular cable and operating conditions. It is found that for the optimum configuration of heavy cables (w/R* > 0), the submerged body is located forward of the surface vessel. Nomenclature C = cable chord CD = cable profile drag coefficient FH — horizontal force on submerged body PD = dynamic pressure p//2u2 PH = thrust power R = hydrodynamic force acting per unit length of cable T = cable tension U = velocity of fluid relative to the cable a = geometric parameter defined in Eq. (17) f = normal loading function g — tangential loading function, or acceleration of gravity in Eq. (17) s = length coordinate along the cable t = cable profile thickness W = weight per unit length of submerged cable element x = coordinate in direction of relative fluid velocity z = coordinate normal to relative velocity and normal to fluid surface a = angle between the line connecting the cable end points and the vertical (Fig. 4)
Omega-3 status and cerebrospinal fluid corticotrophin releasing hormone in perpetrators of domestic violence

Background Elevated levels of corticotrophin-releasing hormone in the cortical-hippocampal-amygdala pathway increase fear and anxiety, which are components of defensive and violent behaviors. Prostaglandins E 2 and F 2α , which increase corticotrophin-releasing hormone RNA expression in this pathway, are reduced by dietary intakes of omega-3 fats. Methods Among 21 perpetrators of domestic violence, cerebrospinal fluid and plasma were assessed for corticotrophin-releasing hormone and fatty acid compositions, respectively. Results Lower plasma docosahexaenoic acid (wt% fatty acids) alone predicted greater cerebrospinal fluid corticotrophin-releasing hormone (pg/mL), in exponential (r = -.67, p Conclusions In this small observational study, low plasma docosahexaenoic acid levels were correlated to higher cerebrospinal fluid corticotrophin-releasing hormone levels. Placebo controlled trials can determine if dietary omega-3 fatty acids can reduce excessive corticotrophin-releasing hormone levels in psychiatric illnesses.
Reduced neuronal expression of synaptic transmission modulator HNK-1/neural cell adhesion molecule as a potential consequence of amyloid beta-mediated oxidative stress : a proteomic approach

Oxidative stress imparted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given that amyloid β (Aβ) itself generates ROS that can directly damage proteins, elucidating the functional consequences of protein oxidation can enhance our understanding of the process of Aβ-mediated neurodegeneration. In this study, we employed a biocytin hydrazide/streptavidin affinity purification methodology followed by two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry coupled with SEQUEST bioinformatics technology, to identify the targets of Aβ-induced oxidative stress in cultured primary cortical mouse neurons. The Golgi-resident enzyme glucuronyltransferase (GlcAT-P) was a carbonylated target that we investigated further owing to its involvement in the biosynthesis of HNK-1, a carbohydrate epitope expressed on cell adhesion molecules and implicated in modulating the effectiveness of synaptic transmission in the brain. We found that increasing amounts of Aβ, added exogenously to the culture media of primary cortical neurons, significantly decreased HNK-1 expression. Moreover, in vivo, HNK-1 immunoreactivity was decreased in brain tissue of a transgenic mouse model of AD. We conclude that a potential consequence of Aβ-mediated oxidation of GlcAT-P is impairment of its enzymatic function, thereby disrupting HNK-1 biosynthesis and possibly adversely affecting synaptic plasticity. Considering that AD is partly characterized by progressive memory impairment and disordered cognitive function, the data from our in vitro studies can be reconciled with results from in vivo studies that have demonstrated that HNK-1 modulates synaptic plasticity and is critically involved in memory consolidation.
Hydrothermal scheduling problems with pumped-storage hydro plants

Abstract In this paper, we developed an algorithm in the calculation of hydrothermal generation schedules with pumped-storage plants. In our algorithm, the system is decomposed into a hydro subproblem and a thermal subproblem by using Lagrange relaxation. The hydro subproblem is solved using Mixed Coordination of [TAN91a], and the thermal subproblem is solved analytically. A method is developed based on the Lagrange multipliers (incremental cost rates) in deciding the operation of the pumped-storage plants. Numerical tests show that by properly operating the pumped-storage hydro plants, savings on fuel-cost can be achieved.
ZEEMAN EFFECT AS A PROTOTYPE FOR INTRA-ATOMIC INTERACTIONS

Abstract The existence of the familiar product gMJ that occurs in an analysis of the Zeeman effect can be regarded as an example of the Wigner-Eckart theorem for the rotation group R3. Correspondence is made with the treatment of intra-atomic interactions by means of higher groups, such as R5 for d electrons. The spin-spin and spin-other-orbit interactions are examined in detail, and an outline is made of the decomposition of the scalar three-particle operators that are required to partially represent the effect on the configuration (nl)N of excited configurations of the type (nl)N±1 (nl)∓1.
Distribution of glycogen, lipid and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the adrenal cortex of the sodium-depleted rat: a histochemical study.

Three groups of 8 young (80 g) male white rats were placed on a sodiumdepleted diet for periods of 2, 3 and 10 weeks, respectively. For each experimental group 2 control animals were maintained on a standard diet. At the end of the set period of time the animals were sacrificed and the adrenals were studied using histochemical methods for the demonstration of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, glcogen and lipid. It was found that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase became very active in the glomerulosa cells of these sodium-depleted animals and that this effect was more marked in the young animal than had been observed previously in adults. Increased enzyme activity persisted for the entire 10-week period of sodium depletion, although maximal glomerulosa width was attained by 3 weeks. Glycogen was considerably less concentrated in the glomerulosa of both control and sodium-depleted animals than it was in the fascicular and reticular zones. Lipid was consistently less concentrated in the widened glo...
“Double Steal” Syndrome

A case is presented of a patient who had undergone internal mammary artery bypass grafting and subsequently developed angina pectoris and cere-brovascular insufficiency as the result of a single proximal subclavian artery stenosis. The patient's ischemic symptoms resolved following successful angioplasty of the subclavian lesion. The status of the brachiocephalic circulation should be considered in patients presenting with angina following internal mammary artery bypass grafting and preoperatively in patients who are being considered for this procedure. (J Interven Cardiol 1989:2:1)
Phonon confinement and laser heating effects in Germanium nanowires

We explore the combined effects of phonon confinement and local heating caused by laser beam absorption on the Raman spectra of Germanium nanowires of different diameters ($6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, $7\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, and $12\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$). The asymmetric broadening and downshifting of the first order Raman band is studied as a function of the average wire diameter and the local temperature of the nanowires. The basic phenomenological model with a modified confinement function incorporated with thermal effects is in good agreement with our experimental results. We also show the effects of the nanowire diameter, thermal conductivity of the underlying substrate, and the mediating substance (gallium in this case) on the local temperature of the nanowires.
Effect of dew from cotton and soybean foliage on activity of Heliothis nuclear polyhedrosis virus

Abstract The ionic composition of dew collected from foliage of cotton and soybean plants as well as its potential for inactivation of Heliothis NPV were compared. Cotton dew had a mean pH of 8.8 and was more alkaline than soybean dew (pH 7.8). Cotton dew had a higher concentration of ions that did soybean dew but there was no qualitative difference in the cation content of dew from the two hosts. In bioassay tests, no loss of activity occurred when polyhedra were held in dew of either plant species. If the dew in which polyhedra were suspended was air-dried and resuspended daily in deionized water, polyhedra in soybean dew remained active but in cotton dew retained little activity after 7 days. Also, electron microscopical examination of polyhedra pelleted from these cotton dew preparations showed much dissolution after 7 days. Although there was dissolution of polyhedra in cotton dew when dried, an examination of polyhedra on the upper surface of either plant species in the field showed little degradation after 7 days.
Fundamental Study Of Optical Threshold Layer Approach Towards Double Exposure Lithography

193 immersion lithography has reached its maximal achievable resolution. There are mainly two lithographic strategies that will enable continued increase in resolution. Those are being pursued in parallel. The first is extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography and the second is double patterning (exposure) lithography. EUV lithography is counted on to be available in 2013 time frame for 22 nm node. Unfortunately, this technology has suffered several delays due to fundamental problems with source power, mask infrastructure, metrology and overall reliability. The implementation of EUV lithography in the next five years is unlikely due to economic factors. Double patterning lithography (DPL) is a technology that has been implemented by the industry and has already shown the proof of concept for the 22nm node. This technique while expensive is the only current path forward for scaling with no fundamental showstoppers for the 32nm and 22nm nodes. Double exposure lithography (DEL) is being proposed as a cost mitigating approach to advanced lithography. Compared to DPL, DEL offers advantages in overlay and process time, thus reducing the cost-of-ownership (CoO). However, DEL requires new materials that have a non-linear photoresponse. So far, several approaches were proposed for double exposure lithography, from which Optical Threshold Layer (OTL) was found to give the best lithography performance according to the results of the simulation. This paper details the principle of the OTL approach. A photochromic polymer was designed and synthesized. The feasibility of the material for application of DEL was explored by a series of evaluations.
Magnetoelectronics: new twist for ballistic transport.

Quantized magnetoresistance has been observed in an experiment for the first time. In addition to being of fundamental interest, the result could have applications in sensing and data storage.
High-definition hematoxylin and eosin staining in a transition to digital pathology.

Introduction: A lot of attention has been generated in recent years by digital pathology and telepathology. Multiple reasons for and barriers to effective adoption are discussed in the current literature. Digital slides are the most promising medium at this time. The goal of our study was to evaluate whether the change in the methodology, particularly utilizing the so-called high-definition hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) slides, enhanced the quality of the final digital slide, and whether pathologists who tested the results perceived this as a difference in quality. Methods: The study was a blinded comparison of digital slides prepared using two methods: standard H&E batch staining and automated individual high definition HD HE staining. Four pathologists have compared 80 cases stained with each method. Results: The results discussed in this study show potential promise that the utilization of protocol(s) adapted for tissue and for imaging might be preferable for digital pathology in at least some of the pathology subspecialties. In particular, the protocol evaluated here was capable of turning out digital slides that had more contrast and detail, and therefore were perceived to provide enhanced diagnostically significant information for the pathologist.
Precipitation of Ar, Kr and Xe in Ni at Room Temperaturey

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been used to study the precipitation of inert gases (Ar, Kr and Xe) injected into Ni at room temperature. The nucleation and size distribution of precipitates were found to be insensitive to the type of inert gas atom but dependent on gas concentration (ion fluence). The precipitate density decreases and the sizes increases with increasing gas concentration. In all cases, the inert gases precipitate as solid fee crystals with their axes aligned with those of the host Ni lattice. For the same inert gas concentration, the lattice parameter is larger for the higher atomic mass in accord with bulk results. The lattice parameter of each type of inert gas precipitate increases with increasing gas concentration owing to the pressure relaxation that accompanies precipitate growth. This results in melting of large precipitates in accord with the behavior of bulk quantities of the gases at low temperatures.
The role of perireceptor events in chemosensory processes

Abstract In a review of vertebrate olfaction, Getchell et al. 1 coined the term ‘perireceptor events' to denote processes, ancillary to both receptor activation and transduction, that influence the entry, exit or residence time of odorant molecules in the receptor environment. The present review describes recent advances in our understanding of perireceptor events and shows that these processes are integral components of chemical sensing systems of organisms as diverse as bacteria, slime molds, yeast, insects, crustaceans and mammals. Moreover, it emphasizes that perireceptor processes are essential components of chemical sensing systems, rather than simply interesting adjuncts to the ‘main events' of receptor activation and transduction.
Power Take-Off Control of In-Stream Hydrokinetic Turbines

In-stream hydrokinetic electricity production, electricity generation from moving currents without the use of dams, has significant potential for increasing electric power production. This project evaluates a control system designed to regulate rotor rate (rpm) to improve power production from in-stream hydrokinetic turbines. The control algorithm is evaluated using both a numerical model of a rigidly mounted tidal turbine and a numerical model of a moored ocean current turbine system. These two system models are each coupled to an induction electric machine model. Based on the turbine torque-speed characteristic, as well as the asynchronous machine features, a Look-Up-Table (LUT) is used to generate the frequency of the sinusoidal voltages of the three phases to be supplied to the machine. However, to compensate for disturbances and perturbations of the power-plant a PI controller is generating a correction term for electrical frequency superimposed to the output of the LUT. A first round of simulations using the numerical models was performed in order to evaluate the developed algorithms.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Integrated steps in pressure swing adsorption cycles

Abstract Conventional pressure swing adsorption (PSA) cycles consist of discrete steps in which pressurization, feed, blowdown and purge occur. When certain steps are partially or totally integrated, process logic and equipment may be simplified and/or superior performance may be possible. A preliminary study of combinations of the pressurization and feed steps and the feed and blowdown steps has been performed. A simple equilibrium-based theory has been extended to accomodate such combinations. Results of a few PSA experiments have verified the applicability of the theory. Recovery of the less strongly adsorbed component is predicted by the theory, and effects of pressures, adsorbent-adsorbate interactions, and feed composition have been studied. For difficult separations, i.e. those in which the feed is heavily contaminated with the more strongly adsorbed component or in which the adsorbent is only slightly selective, recovery of the less strongly adsorbed component may be increased dramatically by integrating the feed and blowdown steps. Conversely, for easy separations product recovery is only slightly reduced by combining the pressurization and feed steps, which can be accomplished in a simple PSA process.
Owners of Last Resort: The Track Record of New York City's Early Low-Income Housing Cooperatives Created between 1967 and 1975

As housing abandonment became a major problem in New York City in the late 1960s and early 1970s, a program emerged which both rehabilitated abandoned multiple dwellings and created a system of cooperative ownership by low-income former tenants. This became the first program in the United States which transferred ownership of privately held buildings to low-income tenants. The program expanded rapidly so that by 1973 there were 136 properties, which included a total of 286 buildings, at various stages of the process. However, only 42 of these properties had completed rehabilitation and conversion when the program was aborted as a result of the New York City fiscal crisis in 1975. This paper assesses the track record of the 42 cooperatives over the years since that time. It finds a mixed, but disappointing, record, and explores the reasons for this. It then weighs the viability and significance of the strategy to the current crisis in the private low-income rental housing market. Finally, it raises questio...
In vivo tumor targeting by a NGR-decorated micelle of a recombinant diblock copolypeptide

Antivascular targeting is a promising strategy for tumor therapy. This strategy has the potential to overcome many of the transport barriers associated with targeting tumor cells in solid tumors, because the tumor vasculature is directly accessible to targeting vehicles in systemic circulation. We report a novel nanoscale delivery system consisting of multivalent polymer micelles to target receptors that are preferentially upregulated in the tumor vasculature and perivascular cells, specifically CD13. To this end we utilized amphiphilic block copolymers, composed of a genetically engineered elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) that self-assemble into monodisperse spherical micelles. These polymer micelles were functionalized by incorporating the NGR tripeptide ligand, which targets the CD13 receptor, on their corona. We examined the self-assembly and in vivo tumor targeting by these NGR-functionalized nanoparticles and show that multivalent presentation of NGR by micelle self-assembly selectively targets the tumor vasculature by targeting CD13. Furthermore, we show greater vascular retention and extravascular accumulation of nanoparticles in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue, although the enhancement is modest. These results suggest that enhanced delivery to solid tumors can be achieved by targeting upregulated receptors in the tumor vasculature with multivalent ligand-presenting nanoparticles, but additional work is required to optimize such systems for multivalent targeting.
Response of adolescent bonnet macaques to an acute fear stimulus as a function of early rearing conditions

When primate infants are reared during the first half-year of life in an environment in which their mothers face uncertain requirements for food procurement (variable foraging demand [VFD]), long-lasting behavioral and neurodevelopmental consequences ensue, including increases in timidity and social subordinance as well as alterations in stress-related neuroendocrine profiles. We examined the nature and persistence of the effects of VFD rearing by exposing VFD-reared and normally reared adolescent bonnet macaques to a mild fear-provoking stimulus 2 years after the end of differential rearing. VFD-reared subjects at baseline were less gregarious than normally reared monkeys. VFDs also were considerably less responsive to the fear stimulus, and their behavior and affect returned to baseline levels more quickly than normally reared subjects. The extent and persistence of the sequelae of VFD rearing suggest parallels with predisposing factors in human anxiety disorders. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 39: 40–45, 2001
A new approach to magnetic spectrometers

Abstract We describe a large solid angle, moderate resolution, magnetic spectrometer which is under construction at Texas A&M. The spectrometer optics are based upon point-to-parallel transport from the target to the detectors. This represents a hybrid approach, combining the easy event selection and reconstruction associated with point-to-point, “focusing” spectrometers with the lower cost and simpler fabrication associated with “ray-tracing” spectrometers. The spectrometer may be configured either to provide high efficiency for detecting correlated pairs of identical particles or to provide uniform acceptance over a 5 × 7.5 cm 2 target area.
Uterine metabolism changes during gestation in rats of different age groups.

SummaryChange in the TTC reduction rate of uterine tissue during gestation in varying aged rats was determined. Old females (300-330 days) and young females (60-80 days) showed an increase in uterine TTC reduction rate at day 12 post-breeding, whereas females 120-150 days old did not. Fetal loss was greater in the 300-330-day-old and the 60-80-day-old females than in the 120-150-day-old females. The stage of gestation when increased fetal losses occurred appeared to coincide with the rise in uterine TTC reduction rate at day 12 post-breeding.
Factors affecting Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell interleukin-6 secretion

Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) have previously been shown to produce several cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6). However, many factors which may regulate IL-6 secretion by human IEC still remain a mystery due in part to the lack of appropriate model cell lines and the difficulty of culturing human IEC over long periods of time. We have determined that the human colonic carcinoma cell line Caco-2 is capable of secreting IL-6 when stimulated by the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and stimulation of these cells with IL-1β plus TNF-α induced a synergistic enhancement of IL-6 secretion. The inflammatory cytokine-induced enhancement in IL-6 secretion was greatest when the cells were cultured in a 10% CO2 atmosphere as compared to cells grown in 5% CO2, suggesting that environmental CO2 levels may affect IEC cytokine secretion. Finally, long-term culture of the Caco-2 cells to induce cellular differentiation had no effect on the capacity of these cells to produce IL-6, indicating that the regulation of IL-6 secretion was not affected by differentiation. Taken together, these studies provide important information on the factors which regulate IL-6 secretion by human IEC as they may contribute to the cytokine network during a mucosal inflammation. The results also suggest that the Caco-2 cell line is an appropriate model for further studies on the regulation of cytokine secretion by human IEC.
SEVEN-DAY ACTIVITY AND SELF-REPORT COMPARED TO A DIRECT MEASURE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

To determine how well a seven-day interview-administered activity recall used in a large epidemiologic study at Stanford University reflected seven days of self-reported activity and directly measured physical activity, 30 white males, mean age 52 years, recorded daily physical activity for a week, and half of these wore an ambulatory solid-state minicomputer (Vitalog) which measures continuous heart rate and motion. Total hours of moderate, hard, and hard plus very hard activity were not significantly different for weekdays and weekends for self-report and recall and were significantly correlated. Total energy expenditure for subjects wearing the Vitalog averaged 38.5 +/- 6.7 kcal/kg/day compared to an average of 37.7 +/- 4.5 kcal/kg/day for recall or 39.6 +/- 7.2 kcal/kg/day for self-report. Conditioning activities are best remembered followed by home or leisure and job activities. Mean hours of sleep per week night were significantly greater reported by self-report than reported by recall, but the two were significantly correlated. It is concluded that a seven-day activity recall accurately reflects mean kcal/day expenditure, with conditioning activities being the best recalled. A self-report log used in conjunction with an interview-based seven-day recall might maximize accuracy of recall.
Scratch Behavior of Epoxy Nanocomposites Containing α-Zirconium Phosphate and Core-Shell Rubber Particles

The effects of nanoscale core-shell rubber (CSR) particles and α-zirconium phosphate (ZrP) nanoplatelet fillers on the scratch behavior of epoxy have been examined using a newly established ASTM scratch testing method. The critical load for onset of microcrack formation is utilized to determine scratch resistance of the epoxy nanocomposites. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were performed to determine failure and fracture patterns caused by the scratch. The findings of this study suggest that the introduction of nanoparticles or nanoplatelets does not necessarily enhance the scratch resistance of epoxy. This implies that increases in ductility and fracture toughness alone, i.e., the epoxy/CSR case, and enhancements in modulus and tensile strength alone, i.e., the epoxy/ZrP case, will not necessarily improve scratch resistance of epoxy matrix. A combination of material property attributes is needed to prepare scratch resistant polymers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Spanish Maintenance among English-Speaking Latino Youth: The Role of Individual and Social Characteristics

This paper investigates the effects of individual, family, social and demographic characteristics on the maintenance of Spanish among English-speaking Latino youth. This research finds effects of generation, gender, race, parent's English proficiency, single-parent status, parental income, and neighborhood concentration of co-ethnics as well as combined effects of race and gender on Spanish oral proficiency. The findings presented here suggest support for elements of the assimilation and the segmented assimilation theoretical perspectives as well as the race-gender experience theory. The author suggests that Spanish-speaking proficiency may be associated with opportunities to speak Spanish that are structured differently, not only by family and neighborhood contexts that allow for greater or lesser contact with Spanish, but also by gender and race.
English vocabulary trajectories of students whose parents speak a language other than English: steep trajectories and sharp summer setback

In this study, I used individual growth modeling methods to examine the English word-learning trajectories of adolescent students (N = 278) whose parents speak English at home (n = 210) and those whose parents speak a language other than English (n = 68). Sixth- (n = 130) and seventh-grade (n = 148) students attending an urban middle school took part in the study, with each student contributing up to four occasions of vocabulary-achievement data across three school years. I used the group reading and diagnostic evaluation (GRADE), a 40-item, group-administered assessment to measure vocabulary achievement. Students also provided information about the amount of time they spent reading independently during the summer and during the school year. Principal predictor variables included days between assessments, student home language, student free and reduced lunch status, time spent independent reading, and a dummy variable for the number of summers experienced between testing periods. On average, middle-school students experienced a loss of vocabulary over the summer, however students who spoke a language other than English at home had more pronounced summer setback and steeper learning trajectories, even when controlling for well-known predictors of vocabulary like independent reading and predictors of summer loss like free and reduced lunch status. These findings corroborate research showing low-income students experience summer loss, but suggest that in urban schools serving mostly low-income students, home-language status may be a stronger predictor of summer loss than socio-economic status or reading amount.
Can physicians use family genogram information to identify patients at risk of anxiety or depression

Advocates of family-oriented care assert that physicians' use of family genograms can improve clinical practice, such as in the recognition of patients' emotional problems. The purpose of this article is to investigate whether physicians could use family genogram information to identify their patients at high risk of the two most common mental disorders, anxiety and depression. Physicians' use of family genograms to stratify their patients' risk raises two questions about the information recorded on the genograms: is family information reliable and valid, and is family information associated with anxiety and depression? A review of the published epidemiological literature revealed that some basic family information recorded on genograms is useful for risk stratification.
Design of a Parametrically Excited Tuning Fork Microgyroscope

Parametrically excited tuning fork micro gyroscopes have several attractive features. Most of all, the excitation may be externalized, which could simplify the design and fabrication of micro gyroscopes. However, there are no readily applicable tools to guide the design of these gyroscopes since the gyro structures are more complex than those structures whose responses to parametric excitations are known and since finite element analysis tools are not capable of studying parametric excitations. In this work, we adopt a novel approach to obtain a simplified model of the parametrically excited structure. Parameters in the simplified model are obtained using dynamic analysis capability of typical finite element programs and static nonlinear analysis capabilities.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Effect of SO2 on CO and C3H6 oxidation over CeO2 and Ce0.75Zr0.25O2

Abstract Ceria and Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 were characterized before and after SO2 exposure to determine the effect of sulfation on the structural, morphological and catalytic properties of the solids. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data, and BET measurements show that both CeO2 and Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 are susceptible to crystallite grain size growth and surface area loss under exposure to gaseous mixtures containing 20–40 ppm SO2 at 600 °C. The Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 is more resistant to morphological changes than CeO2. However, no bulk sulfites/sulfates were detected with either oxide. Both presulfation of the oxides and addition of 20 ppm SO2 to a 1% CO+2% O2+N2 reaction mixture results in a significant suppression of the CO oxidation reaction. The effect of SO2 on CO oxidation was much less pronounced for the Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 than for the CeO2. Surprisingly, 20 ppm SO2 in the 1100 ppm C3H6+2% O2+N2 reaction mixture has a promoting effect on the oxidation of C3H6 catalyzed by CeO2. The influence of SO2 in the feed gas on the CO and C3H6 oxidation is discussed in terms of different mechanisms for these reactions.
Nonclassical critical behavior of the square-well fluid

In this paper we report the results of extensive numerical calculations on the equation of state of the square-well fluid in the immediate vicinity of its critical point, with the objective being the precise determination of the critical exponents $\ensuremath{\beta}$ and $\ensuremath{\delta}$. These determinations were carried out using data generated by solving the Yvon-Born-Green equation for the pair distribution function (with superposition approximation) over an extended range of integration (\ensuremath{\sim}50 intermolecular diameters). When taken together with the value of the critical exponent $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ reported previously by the authors ($\ensuremath{\gamma}=1.24\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$), the results obtained, $\ensuremath{\beta}=0.330\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.008$ and $\ensuremath{\delta}=4.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$, suggest strongly that the essential physics of the gas-liquid transition in the neighborhood of the critical point is described correctly by an integral equation derived from the classical Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon theory of distribution functions.
A Stochastic Dynamic Nash Game Analysis of Policies for Managing the Strategic Petroleum Reserves of Consuming Nations

In this paper we present a Nash dynamic game model of interactions among oil inventory and tariff policies for oil importing countries. The inventory policies consist of the rates for building up and drawing down strategic oil reserves, while the tariff policies consist of setting tariffs as a function of the state of the world oil market. The model represents a stochastic game in which countries are grouped into two players, where each player in the game chooses its individual policies to maximize expected social welfare. We use the model to present empirical results about the sizes of the stockpiles as a function of disruption probabilities, tariff policies and cooperation versus noncooperation between nations. In addition to results regarding the build-up and draw down rates as a function of the amount of disruption or probability of future disruption our central conclusion is that build-up and drawdown policies are essentially the same with or without international cooperation, due to the current inventory limits on U.S. and Foreign Strategic Petroleum Reserves.
Effect of film thickness on the photoinduced decrease in magnetism for thin films of the cobalt iron Prussian blue analogue Rb0.7Co4[Fe(CN)6]3.0

Abstract Films of the photomagnetic Prussian blue analogue Rb 0.7 Co 4 (Fe(CN) 6 ) 3.0 (Co–Fe PBA) were deposited onto a Melinex ® substrate using two different multiple sequential adsorption methods. Film thickness, measured using atomic force microscopy, was controlled by the number of deposition cycles. The photoinduced magnetism known for the bulk Co–Fe PBA at low temperatures is also seen in the thin films, although the response is anisotropic. A photoinduced increase in magnetization is observed when the film is parallel (∥) to the applied magnetic field ( H E ), while a photoinduced decrease is observed when the film is perpendicular (⊥) to a weak H E . The relationship between the film thickness and the photoinduced decrease in magnetization is explored in this article. The photoinduced decrease is observed for films less than ∼200 nm thick. The behavior is explained by invoking a dipolar interaction between primordial ferrimagnetic domains and the photoswitchable pairs arrayed in the quasi-2D thin film.
Cooperatives in US fisheries: realizing the potential of the fishermen's collective marketing act

Abstract The economic successes of recent quota-based harvest cooperatives in the Pacific Northwest and an Alaskan salmon marketing cooperative highlight the potential for more extensive forms of collective behavior afforded by the Fishermen's Collective Marketing Act (FCMA) of 1934. Court rulings during the 1930s–1950s clarified what was considered anti-competitive behavior by fishermen's groups, but the lack of controls on entry and harvests in the mostly open access fisheries undermined the full potential of the FCMA. With more fisheries now being managed by limited access and quotas, fishery cooperatives will be better able to share harvest capacity and/or profits, reduce costs, improve product quality, and negotiate prices.
Declines in moose population density at Isle Royle National Park, MI, USA and accompanied changes in landscape patterns

Ungulate herbivores create patterns of forage availability, plant species composition, and soil fertility as they range across large landscapes and consume large quantities of plant material. Over time, herbivore populations fluctuate, producing great potential for spatio-temporal landscape dynamics. In this study, we extend the spatial and temporal extent of a long-term investigation of the relationship of landscape patterns to moose foraging behavior at Isle Royale National Park, MI. We examined how patterns of browse availability and consumption, plant basal area, and soil fertility changed during a recent decline in the moose population. We used geostatistics to examine changes in the nature of spatial patterns in two valleys over 18 years and across short-range and long-range distance scales. Landscape patterns of available and consumed browse changed from either repeated patches or randomly distributed patches in 1988–1992 to random point distributions by 2007 after a recent record high peak followed by a rapid decline in the moose population. Patterns of available and consumed browse became decoupled during the moose population low, which is in contrast to coupled patterns during the earlier high moose population. Distributions of plant basal area and soil nitrogen availability also switched from repeated patches to randomly distributed patches in one valley and to random point distributions in the other valley. Rapid declines in moose population density may release vegetation and soil fertility from browsing pressure and in turn create random landscape patterns.
ELF Radar System Proposed for Localized D-Region Ionospheric Anomalies

This letter proposes a novel extremely low frequency (ELF) radar for localized D-region (altitude < 95 km) ionospheric anomalies that have been generated by natural geophysical processes. The proposed system would use the former U.S. Navy Wisconsin Transmitting Facility as a distant well-characterized impulsive ELF source. Sample calculations that demonstrate how passive vertical E-field detectors could characterize ionospheric conductivity depressions of variable diameter located above Los Angeles are provided. These calculations have been obtained using our recently developed three-dimensional whole-Earth electromagnetic wave propagation model based upon the rigorous finite-difference time-domain solution of Maxwell's equations. A key potential application of the proposed ELF radar system is the detection of hypothesized ionospheric earthquake precursors
Proteomic identification of neurotrophins in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis

Objective To evaluate neurotrophin (NT) expression in the endometrium of women with and without endometriosis. Design Prospective, cross-sectional, translational study. Setting Academic hospital. Patient(s) Thirty-three reproductive-age women undergoing laparoscopy for infertility, pelvic pain, intramural fibroids, or tubal ligation. Intervention(s) Endometrial biopsies, protein microarrays, reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, ELISAs, and Western blotting. Main Outcome Measure(s) Neurotrophin proteins and mRNAs in eutopic endometrial biopsies. Result(s) Among seven neurotrophic proteins detected on the antibody microarrays, reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed nerve growth factor, NT-4/5, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNAs in endometrial tissue. Quantitative ELISAs revealed that NT-4/5 (806 ± 701 vs. 256 ± 190 pg/100 mg protein) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (121 ± 97 vs. 14 ± 11 ng/100 mg protein) concentrations were significantly higher in women with endometriosis. Nerve growth factor (100 ± 74 vs. 93 ± 83 pg/100 mg protein) levels did not differ between cases and controls. Conclusion(s) Neurotrophins are synthesized in situ within the endometrium. NT-4/5 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor proteins were more concentrated in biopsies from endometriosis cases than controls, whereas nerve growth factor levels were similar. We hypothesize that the local production of NTs induces sensory innervation of endometrium of women with endometriosis. These NTs represent novel targets for the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis.
Markov Decision Processes with Applications to Finance, by N. Bäuerle and U. Rieder

Markov Decision Processes with Applications to Finance, by N. Bauerle and U. Rieder, Springer (2011). Softcover. ISBN: 978-3-642-18323-2. Most financial decisions are sequential. The outcomes of ch...
Vessel counts and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Angiogenesis is essential for growth and metastasis of solid malignancies. In several tumours, tumour vessel count and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic factor, have been associated with prognosis. To determine if vessel count and VEGF expression are prognostic factors in pancreatic cancer, we examined these parameters in resected tumour specimens from 22 patients who did not receive pre-operative therapy. Paraffin-embedded tumour specimens were immunohistochemically stained for factor VIII (surrogate for vessels) and VEGF. Vessel counts and VEGF expression were evaluated without knowledge of patient outcome. The median follow-up for the entire group had not been reached as of 23.1 months (range 10-69 months). The mean vessel count and VEGF expression were no different between those patients who had recurrences and those who did not. By linear regression analysis, the correlation of VEGF expression with vessel count did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.0685). Survival and time to recurrence were similar in patients with high and low vessel counts and VEGF expression of 1, 2 or 3. Tumour differentiation or lymph node positivity had no effect on either VEGF expression or vessel count. Our data suggest that, in contrast to findings in other solid malignancies, vessel count and VEGF expression are not predictors of survival or recurrence in patients with resectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.
The Individualization of Society and the Liberalization of State Policies on Same-Sex Sexual Relations, 1984–1995

Over the last half century, social life throughout much of the world has been reconstituted around individualized persons, conceived to embody ultimate authority over their own lives. As individuals have become more central to society, and as models of individuated personhood have been claimed by women as well as by men, many changes have ensued, including a dramatic transformation of sex. Sex has ceased to be dominantly associated with the family and procreation and has come to be associated with the individual and pleasure. One expression of this shift is the recent rise and public legitimation of same-sex sexual relations. Gay and lesbian social movements have appeared worldwide, and many nation-states have liberalized theirpolicies on homosexual relations. Using regression models on cross-national data, we show that (1) high levels of individualization and gender equality provide a "cultural opportunity structure" that gives rise to active lesbian and gay social movements and liberalized state policies on same-sex relations and that (2) active lesbian and gay social movements and liberal state policies each facilitate the other. Competing explanations for the changes, such as economic development and democratization, receive little support.
Large-scale solution synthesis of α-AlF3·3H2O nanorods under low supersaturation conditions and their conversion to porous β-AlF3 nanorods

We report for the first time the multi-gram scale solution growth of α-aluminium fluoride trihydrate (α-AlF3·3H2O) nanorods (NRs) under low supersaturation conditions, and their conversion to porous β-AlF3 NRs. Electron microscopy analysis shows that the NRs yielded from the optimized conditions have an average length of 1.9 μm and diameter of 223 nm. Nanoparticle morphology can also be achieved by tuning the supersaturation through several experimental parameters such as [Al3+] and [HF]/[Al3+] and H2O/2-propanol vol. ratio. Moderate thermal treatment of the as-synthesized α-AlF3·3H2O NRs in air atmosphere (5 h at 500 °C) results in pure β-AlF3 porous NRs, which may be useful as catalysts.
Avoiding the accuracy-simplicity trade-off in pattern recognition

Statistical pattern recognition begins with a training set of what we hope are fair samples from multiple sets and seeks to devise a rule whereby new samples (not in the training set) are likely to be classified accurately. In so doing it seeks simple classifiers not likely to be attending either to noise or the extraneous in the training set examples, but it also seeks accuracy in classifying members of the training set. It is provable that the optimum lies in a compromise between accuracy and simplicity. I show here a way to achieve both good things at once and hence free pattern recognition of this crippling central tradeoff.
A Decade Analysis of Trends and Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery in Medicare Beneficiaries

Background In 2006, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services issued a National Coverage Determination (NCD), which mandates that bariatric procedures be performed only at accredited centers. The aim of this study was to analyze outcomes of Medicare beneficiaries who underwent bariatric surgery before (2001 through 2005) vs after (2006 through 2010) implementation of the NCD. Study Design The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was used to analyze data on patients who underwent bariatric surgery between 2001 and 2010. Main outcomes measures were demographics, length of stay, risk-adjusted inpatient morbidity and mortality, and cost. Results There were 775,040 patients who underwent bariatric surgery, with 16% of the patients Medicare beneficiaries. There was an overall trend for improved in-hospital mortality during the decade (0.35% in 2001 to 0.10% in 2010). Medicare patients who underwent bariatric surgery had higher rates of comorbidities and a higher rate of in-hospital mortality than non-Medicare patients. After the NCD, there was a significant reduction of the in-hospital mortality (0.56% vs 0.23%; p Conclusions Outcomes of bariatric surgery in Medicare beneficiaries have improved substantially since the 2006 NCD. Facility accreditation appears to be a contributing factor to the observed improvement in outcomes.