cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interacting bosons in a nearly resonant potential well

We establish that the ability of a localized trapping potential to bind weakly interacting bosons is dramatically enhanced in the vicinity of the threshold of formation of the single-particle bound state of the trap. Specifically, for repulsive particles and a superthreshold trapping potential the equilibrium number of bound bosons and the size of the ground state diverge upon approaching the single-particle threshold from above. For attractive interactions and a subthreshold trap, a collective bound state always forms for a sufficiently large number of bosons, despite the inability of interparticle attraction alone to form a two-body bound state.
A searching procedure for information retrieval

Abstract A search procedure for an information retrieval system is developed whereby the answer to a question is obtained by maximizing an evaluation function of the system's output in terms of the probability of relevance. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for a set to be an answer to a query. A partition of the file is made in such a way that all documents belonging to the answer are members of the same class. Hence the answer can be generated by one relevant document. In this manner a search of the total file is avoided.
Induced fit and kinetic mechanism of adenylation catalyzed by Escherichia coli threonyl-tRNA synthetase.

Threonyl-tRNA synthetase (ThrRS) must discriminate among closely related amino acids to maintain the fidelity of protein synthesis. Here, a pre-steady state kinetic analysis of the ThRS-catalyzed adenylation reaction was carried out by monitoring changes in intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. Stopped flow fluorimetry for the forward reaction gave a saturable fluorescence quench whose apparent rate increased hyperbolically with ATP concentration, consistent with a two-step mechanism in which rapid substrate binding precedes an isomerization step. From similar experiments, the equilibrium dissociation constants for dissociation of ATP from the E.Thr complex (K(3) = 450 +/- 180 microM) and threonine from the E.ATP complex (K'(4) = 135 microM) and the forward rate constant for adenylation (k(+5) = 29 +/- 4 s(-1)) were determined. A saturable fluorescence increase accompanied the pyrophosphorolysis of the E.Thr - AMP complex, affording the dissociation constant for PP(i) (K(6) = 170 +/- 50 microM) and the reverse rate constant (k(-5) = 47 +/- 4 s(-1)). The longer side chain of beta-hydroxynorvaline increased the apparent dissociation constant (K(4[HNV]) = 6.8 +/- 2.8 mM) with only a small reduction in the forward rate (k'(+5[HNV]) = 20 +/- 3.1 s(-1)). In contrast, two nonproductive substrates, threoninol and the adenylate analogue 5'-O-[N-(L-threonyl)sulfamoyl]adenosine (Thr-AMS), exhibited linear increases in k(app) with ligand concentration, suggesting that their binding is slow relative to isomerization. The proposed mechanism is consistent with steady state kinetic parameters. The role of threonine binding loop residue Trp434 in fluorescence changes was established by mutagenesis. The combined kinetic and molecular genetic analyses presented here support the principle of induced fit in the ThrRS-catalyzed adenylation reaction, in which substrate binding drives conformational changes that orient substrates and active site groups for catalysis.
Teaching communicative alternatives to socially withdrawn behavior: An investigation in maintaining treatment effects

This study examined the effectiveness of a contextual intervention strategy paired with an existing packaged intervention on the ability to produce increased and durable social involvement among children who displayed socially withdrawn behavior and their peers. Using a multiple baseline design across three socially withdrawn subjects, results indicated that the combination intervention effectively increased social interactions. Results also indicated that the effects of the intervention maintained two months after intervention termination. General implications for the use of the contextual intervention strategy to produce durable treatment outcomes are discussed.
Using remote sensing to promote signal and image processing

This paper presents the development of a new elective in the Electrical and Computer Engineering program at the University of Texas at El Paso in signal and image processing using remote sensing as its central theme. Remote sensing proved to be a beneficial framework for teaching signal and image processing due to the ready availability of multispectral data sets and the number of linkages of remote sensing to contemporary topics in society. Associated with the development of the course have been efforts in student mentoring, the writing of a textbook, and education of the general public through a museum outreach project.
FRACTURED SCLERAL OSSICLES IN A RED TAIL HAWK

Following head trauma, the left globe of a Red Tail Hawk showed demonstrable indentation on palpation. Recurrent anterior chamber collapse and reformation dependent on head position was the most significant clinical finding. A fracture of the scleral ossicles in the caudal portion of the scleral ring was identified in the rostrocaudal radiograph of the skull. Conservative management of the fracture resulted in phthisis bulbi. Fractured scleral ossicles have been shown radiographically in the enucleated globe but have not been previously demonstrated in the eye of the living bird.
Scattering of electromagnetic waves from a one-dimensional random metal surface with a localized defect

We study theoretically the scattering of a beam of s-polarized light from a one-dimensional random metal surface with a localized deterministic defect. We carry out numerical calculations of the far field intensity, using a formally exact technique based on Green's second integral identity and statistical ensemble averaging. Our results obtained for very rough surfaces show that the backscattering peak in the differential reflection coefficient for the scattered light almost does not change for small angles of incidence. However, for larger angles it undergoes significant enhancement due to the presence of the defect, which phenomenon we attribute to a form of the corner cube effect. We also consider how the presence of a deterministic defect changes the behavior of the angular intensity correlation function for the scattered light. We are primarily interested in the changes of the memory effect and the time-reversed memory effect peaks. We show that the defect can enhance or suppress these peaks depending on the relative positions of the light sources and the points of observation. The explanation of these results is again associated with the corner cube effect.
Can hadrons survive the chiral phase transition

We study mesonic and baryonic correlation functions in the temporal directions in the vicinity of the critical temperature T ≃ Tc using the instanton liquid model, in which chiral symmetry restoration is driven by the formation of instanton-antiinstanton molecules. Although we find the signals for all hadronic poles to be drastically reduced, some hadronic states seem to survive the phase transition, as loosely bound U(Nf)×U(Nf) chiral multiplets in the plasma phase. These states are the 0 + − 0 − mesons (π, σ, η ′ , δ) and the N( 1 + ) − N( 1 − ) baryons.
Examination of Analysis and Forecast Errors of High-Resolution Assimilation, Bias Removal, and Digital Filter Initialization with an Ensemble Kalman Filter

AbstractMesoscale atmospheric data assimilation is becoming an integral part of numerical weather prediction. Modern computational resources now allow assimilation and subsequent forecasting experiments ranging from resolutions of tens of kilometers over regional domains to smaller grids that employ storm-scale assimilation. To assess the value of the high-resolution capabilities involved with assimilation and forecasting at different scales, analyses and forecasts must be carefully evaluated to understand 1) whether analysis benefits gained at finer scales persist into the forecast relative to downscaled runs begun from lower-resolution analyses, 2) how the positive analysis effects of bias removal evolve into the forecast, and 3) how digital filter initialization affects analyses and forecasts. This study applies a 36- and 4-km ensemble Kalman filter over 112 assimilation cycles to address these important issues, which could all be relevant to a variety of short-term, high-resolution, real-time forecast...
Using Avida to test the effects of natural selection on phylogenetic reconstruction methods

Phylogenetic trees group organisms by their ancestral relationships. There are a number of distinct algorithms used to reconstruct these trees from molecular sequence data, but different methods sometimes give conflicting results. Since there are few precisely known phylogenies, simulations are typically used to test the quality of reconstruction algorithms. These simulations randomly evolve strings of symbols to produce a tree, and then the algorithms are run with the tree leaves as inputs. Here we use Avida to test two widely used reconstruction methods, which gives us the chance to observe the effect of natural selection on tree reconstruction. We find that if the organisms undergo natural selection between branch points, the methods will be successful even on very large time scales. However, these algorithms often falter when selection is absent.
Antigen-induced differential gene expression in lymphocytes and gene expression profile in synovium prior to the onset of arthritis

To explore early signature genes playing critical roles in the initial steps in an autoimmune murine model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (proteoglycan (PG)-induced arthritis; PGIA), we performed gene expression profiling of "arthritogenic" spleen cells stimulated with cartilage PG, and compared them to differentially expressed genes, identified in joints prior to the onset of arthritis, and then in the acute and chronic phases of the disease. A total of 280 genes were up-regulated and 226 genes were suppressed in in vitro PG-stimulated lymphocytes at a minimum of 2-fold expression change. Functional gene classification identified several major clusters of biological activity. Expression of immunoglobulin genes (66 transcripts) was downregulated by approximately 3.7-fold, whereas most of the other genes with immune/inflammation-associated functions such as interleukins (IL-1, -2, -4, -6, -10, -12, -16, -17), chemokine receptors and their ligands (Cxcl1, Ccl2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 22, Ccr2, Ccr5), and major components of the complement cascade were upregulated. Using adoptive disease transfer with stimulated lymphocytes into SCID mice, followed by gene expression profiling of SCID paws, indicated that 37 genes were differentially expressed in yet non-inflamed (pre-arthritic) paws; these genes were related mostly to chemokine, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha signaling. However, the majority of differentially expressed immune response-related genes were silent in pre-arthritic joints, and only 12 genes were found differentially expressed both in antigen (PG)-stimulated lymphocytes and in the synovium prior to the onset of arthritis. Most of these "arthritis-initiation" genes belonged to chemokine mediated cell motility. Transcripts of chemokine receptor 5 (Ccr5), chemokine ligand 7 (Ccl7) and IFN-gamma-inducible proteins (Ifi47) and GTP-ase 1 were expressed at the highest levels in both antigen-stimulated lymphocytes and pre-inflamed synovium, which suggests a key role of these genes in both lymphocyte maturation and arthritis initiation.
Chaucer' General Prologue as History and Literature

The General Prologue is often called a picture of its age and, frequently inthe next breath, a satire. In English Lit. this usually draws a stern lectureabout confusing the distinction between literature and history, but in thisessay, unobserved by my sophomores, I propose to talk about the General Prologue as a picture of its age and then, tentatively, about some uses suchhistory might be put to by historians and literary students.
Social demographic change and autism.

Parental age at child’s birth—which has increased for U.S. children in the 1992–2000 birth cohorts—is strongly associated with an increased risk of autism. By turning a social demographic lens on the historical patterning of concordance among twin pairs, we identify a central mechanism for this association: de novo mutations, which are deletions, insertions, and duplications of DNA in the germ cells that are not present in the parents ’ DNA. Along the way, we show that a demographic eye on the rising prevalence of autism leads to three major discoveries. First, the estimated heritability of autism has been dramatically overstated. Second, heritability estimates can change over remarkably short periods of time because of increases in germ cell mutations. Third, social demographic change can yield genetic changes that, at the population level, combine to contribute to the increased prevalence of autism.
Deciphering and Controlling Intermittent Chaos on a Catalytic Wafer

In an earlier article in this meeting [1], we have demonstrated that the Karhunen-Lueve (KL) empirical eigen function technique can capture the thermal coherent structures of the spatio-temporal dynamics during CO oxidation on a Rh black/SiO 2 wafer. Projection of the video images onto the phase space spanned by the empirical eigen functions yields a low-dimensional phase-space reconstruction of the spatio-temporal dynamics. We analyze the projected dynamics here and associate it with the classical Melnikov mechanism for intermittent chaos. Since the global dynamics of this chaotic attractor always returns to a fixed point in the phase space, we estimate the local dynamics in the neighborhood of the fixed point and use modal feedback to stabilize the chaotic behavior.
Robust Density Comparison for Visual Tracking

This paper presents a technique to robustly compare two distributions represented by samples, without explicitly estimating the density. The method is based on mapping the distributions into a reproducing kernel Hilbert space, where eigenvalue decomposition is performed. Retention of only the top M eigenvectors minimizes the effect of noise on density comparison. A sample application of the technique is visual tracking, where an object is tracked by minimizing the distance between a model distribution and candidate distributions.
Energy Conservation by Formation Swimming - Metabolic Evidence From Ducklings

Formation movement, particularly during swimming and flying, has been hypothesized to reduce an individuai animal's energy expenditure. Although d number of aeroand hydrodynamic models have been proposed to estimate energy savings of animals travelling in formation, little empirical data are available that test thls presumption. An examination of the metabolic energetics of formation swimming was undertaken with mallard ducklings (Anus plntyrhyrrclios) trained to swim behind d decoy in a flow tank. Oxygen consumption was measured €or ducklings in clutches of one, two or four individuals, with the decoy in the water or suspended above the surface. Metabolic rate per individual duckling decreased with increasing clutch size by 7.8-43.55. Following in the wake of a decoy significantly decreased metaboIic swimming effort by ducklings and this effect was most pronounced at three days of age and in small clutches. These findings suggest that the flow pattern generated by the formation and in the wake of an adult reduces the resistance of the water to locomotion and aIIows an individuai duckling to conserve energy.
Prostatic Leiomyosarcoma in a Dog

Sarcoma of the prostate is a rare neoplasm that accounts for 0.1–0.2% of all primary prostatic malignancies in humans.5,9 Most prostate sarcomas (67%) are of muscle origin, with rhabdomyosarcoma occurring in children and leiomyosarcoma predominating in adults.11 In the dog, prostatic leiomyosarcoma is also rare; only 4 cases have been documented.4,6 In 1 report, a single leiomyoma but no leiomyosarcomas were noted among 23 canine prostatic tumors.8 The WHO Bulletin makes no specific reference to prostatic leiomyosarcoma in animals other than to state that poorly differentiated spindle cell tumors of the prostate could not be further classified.2 In this report, we document a primary prostatic leiomyosarcoma with metastasis in an adult dog. The histomorphologic diagnosis was verified using immunohistochemical techniques. A 10-year-old intact male Boxer was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, with a history of stranguria and urinary incontinence of 2 days duration. Physical examination revealed a distended urinary bladder. Clinicopathologic studies revealed a mature neutrophilic leukocytosis (25.7 3 103 neutrophils/ml; reference range, 2.1–11.2 3 103 neutrophils/ml),a increased serum creatinine (3 mg/dl; reference range, 0.5–1.5 mg/dl),b increased serum urea nitrogen (49 mg/dl; reference range, 7.0–28 mg/dl),b and hyperglycemia (213 mg/dl; reference range, 77–116 mg/dl).b A catheter was passed into the urinary bladder, and an estimated 2.5 liters of urine was removed. Urinalysis revealed dilute urine (1.016 urine specific gravity) and pyuria (10–12 white blood cells [WBC]/high-power field [HPF]; reference range, ,5 WBC/HPF). Abdominal radiographs revealed a large mid abdominal mass and a smaller calcified mass in the caudal abdomen. The dog died 12 hours after being hospitalized. Necropsy revealed gastric dilatation/volvulus and a distended urinary bladder. The prostate was asymmetrical, firm, and 7.0 3 5.0 3 3.0 cm. The cut surface revealed a pale capsular region and a mottled beige to tan parenchyma with multiple cysts 0.5–1.0 cm in diameter (Fig. 1). A large periprostatic cyst, 11.0 3 9.0 3 7.0 cm, was situated at the base of the prostate dorsocaudal to the urinary bladder. The cyst wall was mineralized, and the lumen contained many hard spike-like concretions and thick brown fluid. The left ureter was markedly dilated, about five times that of the right ureter, and multiple firm nodules, 0.3–0.5 cm in diameter, were scattered along the serosal surface. The urinary bladder was
Searching Substructures with Superimposed Distance

Efficient indexing techniques have been developed for the exact and approximate substructure search in large scale graph databases. Unfortunately, the retrieval problem of structures with categorical or geometric distance constraints is not solved yet. In this paper, we develop a method called PIS (Partition-based Graph Index and Search) to support similarity search on substructures with superimposed distance constraints. PIS selects discriminative fragments in a query graph and uses an index to prune the graphs that violate the distance constraints. We identify a criterion to distinguish the selectivity of fragments in multiple graphs and develop a partition method to obtain a set of highly selective fragments, which is able to improve the pruning performance. Experimental results show that PIS is effective in processing real graph queries.
A study of a parallel mode launch into a magnetic beach

A parallel mode launch in the electron cyclotron range of frequencies is performed on axis in the east end cell of the Phaedrus-B tandem mirror. Propagation of the energy launched toward a magnetic beach in a radially hollow density profile was studied experimentally. A strong refractive dispersal of the launched energy was observed and shown to be in good agreement with a WKB-type ray tracing model using a cold plasma Appleton-Hartree dispersion relation. Measurements of plasma density and electron temperature indicate that the use of this dispersion relation is well justified. These results are compared with additional ray tracing studies for radially hollow and nonhollow, high (f/sub launch/ f/sub p/) density models. For the experimental conditions examined, a reversal of refractive behavior is shown to exist as the energy propagates from a low density (f/sub launch/>f/sub p/) region to a high density (f/sub launch/ >
Advances in on-sea-ice seismic reflection methods using an air gun: McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

During the austral spring of 2008, 48 km of multichannel seismic reflection data were collected on a sea-ice platform east of New Harbor, Southern McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. These seismic data were collected to support the Antarctic Geological DrillingProgramwhosegoalistorecoversedimentaryrockcores from the continental margin of Antarctica and to better understand the climatic, cryospheric, and tectonic history of Antarctica. A Generator-Injector air gun, deployed through holes drilled in the sea ice, was usedfor aseismic source, and reflected energy was recorded on a snow streamer consisting of 60 gimbaled geophones. The Offshore New Harbor seismic system has increased the rate ofdata acquisitionby53%compared toprevious Antarctic air-gun/snow-streamer seismic systems. In addition to conventional on-sea-iceseismicdataprocessing, newprocessing steps were used to correct problems associated with the use of a Generator-Injector air gun in a sea-ice environment. Source timing errors, caused by miscommunications between the Generator-Injectorairgunandair-guncontroller,werecorrected. Newly discovered bubble-plume static errors and bubble-plume wavelet distortions degraded seismic data quality and are attributed to bubble plumes created by the Generator-Injector air-gun blast.Ourinvestigationshowsthatthesebubbleplumeswerepreserved for at least 40 hours beneath the sea ice and created isolated low-velocity zones. Using finite-element methods, we reproduced static errors and wavelet distortions by incorporating the effects of bubble plumes into the finite-element model. The results of finite-element modeling confirmed our hypothesis that bubble-plume static errors and bubble-plumewavelet distortions werecausedbynear-surfacelow-velocityfeatures.Therefore,we incorporated new processing steps which remove bubble-plume effects and improve the quality of final seismic sections.
Civic Responsibility and Patterns of Voluntary Participation around the World

This article seeks to explain why different types of volunteer organizations are prevalent in different countries. It hypothesizes that patterns of volunteer participation are a function of citizen...
Children’s Exposures to Pyrethroid Insecticides at Home: A Review of Data Collected in Published Exposure Measurement Studies Conducted in the United States

Pyrethroid insecticides are frequently used to control insects in residential and agriculture settings in the United States and worldwide. As a result, children can be potentially exposed to pyrethroid residues in food and at home. This review summarizes data reported in 15 published articles from observational exposure measurement studies conducted from 1999 to present that examined children's (5 months to 17 years of age) exposures to pyrethroids in media including floor wipes, floor dust, food, air, and/or urine collected at homes in the United States. At least seven different pyrethroids were detected in wipe, dust, solid food, and indoor air samples. Permethrin was the most frequently detected (>50%) pyrethroid in these media, followed by cypermethrin (wipes, dust, and food). 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a urinary metabolite of several pyrethroids, was the most frequently (≥67%) detected pyrethroid biomarker. Results across studies indicate that these children were likely exposed to several pyrethroids, but primarily to permethrin and cypermethrin, from several sources including food, dust, and/or on surfaces at residences. Dietary ingestion followed by nondietary ingestion were the dominate exposure routes for these children, except in homes with frequent pesticide applications (dermal followed by dietary ingestion). Urinary 3-PBA concentration data confirm that the majority of the children sampled were exposed to one or more pyrethroids.
Three Aligarh Students: Aftab Ahmad Khan, Ziauddin Ahmad and Muhammad Ali

I N 1912 Shaukat Ali drew from popular Hindu mythology to explain some recent disputes at Aligarh. Sayyid Ahmad Khan was represented by the god Indra, the Muslim community was his sabha , or assembly, and Aligarh College was the divine akhara , or wrestling pit. Shaukat Ali was the Red God, Muhammad Ali, the Little Red God, and Aftab Ahmad Khan, the White God.
FLOW PARAMETERS OF SELECTED COMMERCIAL SEMI‐LIQUID FOOD PRODUCTS2

The rheological characteristics of samples of commercial apple sauce, baby food (banana and peach), mustard and ketchup were evaluated by two successive shearing cycles in a coaxial viscosimeter. It was found that generally, both the Herschel-Bulkley and the modified Casson equations were equally good mathematical representatives of the experimental flow curves, especially after the sample has already been sheared once. The original Casson equation was generally a lesser appropriate model especially for the first flow curve. Time and shear effects on the flow curve features, and on the magnitude of the yield stress, were also studied. The results showed that although all the effects were roughly on the same order of magnitude, they varied considerably between the different types of products and within the same products of different manufacturers.
Bazin's Matrix and other allied Matrices

In a paper entitled “On differentiating a Matrix” H. W. Turnbull deduced some interesting and elegant results by the use of a matrix operator Ω, a matrix whose elements were the partial differential operators with respect to the elements of a square matrix x . Throughout the present paper the differential operator Ω. is used, or rather a matrix operator, which is the product of Ω and another square matrix Y . By means of this operator in §§ 1 and 2 Bazin's matrix and Reiss's matrix are considered from the standpoint of matrices as distinct from that of determinants. Reiss's matrix is shown to be a constant times a compound of Bazin's matrix; and the latent roots of Reiss's matrix are immediately determined in terms of the latent roots of Bazin's matrix. From this result a theorem, discovered by Deruyts, is deduced as well as a more general theorem.
Microphase: an approach to proactively invoking garbage collection for improved performance

To date, the most commonly used criterion for invoking garbage collection (GC) is based on heap usage; that is, garbage collection is invoked when the heap or an area inside the heap is full. This approach can suffer from two performance shortcomings: untimely garbage collection invocations and large volumes of surviving objects. In this work, we explore a new GC triggering approach called MicroPhase that exploits two observations: (i) allocation requests occur in phases and (ii) phase boundaries coincide with times when most objects also die. Thus, proactively invoking garbage collection at these phase boundaries can yield high efficiency. We extended the HotSpot virtual machine from Sun Microsystems to support MicroPhase and conducted experiments using 20 benchmarks. The experimental results indicate that our technique can reduce the GC times in 19 applications. The differences in GC overhead range from an increase of 1% to a decrease of 26% when the heap is set to twice the maximum live-size. As a result, MicroPhase can improve the overall performance of 13 benchmarks. The performance differences range from a degradation of 2.5% to an improvement of 14%.
Nickel chelate chromatography of human immune interferon

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the nickel chelate chromatography of human immune interferon. Human immune interferon is prepared from peripheral blood lymphocytes, which had been stimulated with staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA). Interferon is concentrated by chromatography on the columns of silicic acid and eluted with 0.3 M (CH 3 ) 4 NCI in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). In some experiments, silicic acid concentrated interferon is further purified by gel filtration on Ultragel AcA54 eluted with 1.0 M NaCl in PBS before Ni 2+ chelate chromatography is performed. Interferon is assayed on human WISH cells by estimation of the reduction of cytopathic effect; interferon activity is expressed in terms of National Institutes of Health reference standard. Columns of epoxy activated Sepharose 6B, which have not been previously used, are flushed with 0.05 M EDTA in 1.0 M Sodium Chloride (NaCl) to remove any metal ions, which have been inadvertently bound to the resin. The EDTA is then flushed from the column with Buffer A before charging the resin with Ni 2+ .
Subantargtig fishes from southern Chile report no. 45 of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948–1949

Abstract The fishes brought home by the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948–49 and kept in the Natural History Museum in Gothenburg include a small but interesting collection of subantarctic species belonging to the families Bovichthyidae, Nototheniidae, and Zoarcidae from the Magallanes area and the Archipielago de los Chonos, which conveniently may be published separately. Some species belonging to the named families are, however, also present in the material obtained further northwards, up to Chiloe, and for the sake of taxonomic comparison they are also included in this report.
Early American Historiography and Social Science History

Despite the emergence of social science history, the profession remains organized around the study of periods in the history of societies. Departments of history still structure their curricula mainly along national and temporal lines, and the same principle of socialization thereby defines most academic positions (Darnton, 1980). To judge by the sessions of the annual meetings of the Social Science History Association (SSHA), those sympathetic with that orientation focus on topics, approaches, and methodologies. Only one association network, that for the study of Asia, mentions a locale in its title, and none specifies a particular time period. This article will examine the findings and implications of social science history for one well-established national/period field, that of early American history.
Estimation of Rice Stink Bug Populations on Rice

Oebalus pugnax (F.) populations were determined by counts and by sweeping with an insect net. A high correlation was found between the 2 methods. The formula Ŷ= [12.3 + (1.66 x)] 554, where Ŷ = observed or actual population per acre and x = average number of rice stink bugs collected per sweep, was used for estimating the population per acre, using data from sweep counts.
SAND LOSSES FROM A COAST BY WIND ACTION

Sand supplied to a coast by streams, cliff erosion, and other sources generally is moved in one particular direction along the shoreline as a littoral drift by the prevailing wave conditions in the area (3). When this drift encounters a partial obstruction, such as a prominent natural headland or a major engineering structure, a condition is realized which is conducive to sediment deposition. Such littoral compartments eventually become filled and some sand is carried past the obstruction. If the topography back of the area of deposition is relatively low and the prevailing winds are onshore, considerable quantities of sand may be moved inland to create a dune system. This loss of material from the coast may affect the stability of the downcoast shoreline. A measure of the annual loss of sand from a particular section of coast by wind action is necessary in many instances. A method of estimating this loss of sand involves the use of a suitable transport equation along with a knowledge of the sand characteristics and the duration and velocity of the wind in the area under study.
Predictors of circumferential resection margin involvement in surgically resected rectal cancer: A retrospective review of 23,464 patients in the US National Cancer Database.

Introduction The circumferential resection margin (CRM) is a key prognostic factor after rectal cancer resection. We sought to identify factors associated with CRM involvement (CRM+).
Gender Differences in Cerebral Blood Flow as a Function of Cognitive State with PET

This study explored the role of cognitive states in gender-based differences in brain function. Methods : We used the 15 O-water bolus method to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) in 14 young normal volunteers with PET. Each subject was scanned six times, three during different neuropsychological tasks linked to the prefrontal cortex and three others during customized sensorimotor control tasks. The prefrontal tasks were the Wisconsin Card Sorting (WCS) Test, Delayed Alternation task (DA) and Spatial Delayed Response task (DR). Results : A significant main influence of sex on global CBF (ml/min/100g) was seen, with higher values in women, as viewed across all six conditions (means : 60.9 versus 53.2, ANOVA F = 9.35, p < 0.01). Post-hoc contrasts, however, showed that this finding was not uniform in all conditions. Differences between men and women were seen during performance of the frontal lobe tasks, but not during the sensorimotor control tasks. Even within the three frontal lobe tasks, results tended to vary : the differences between the sexes were most significant during the DA and just reached traditional levels of significance during the WCS. Therefore, if we had utilized a single task condition to determine whether men and women have different global CBFs, disparate conclusions would have been reached depending upon the task chosen. Conclusion : Although clear sex differences in global CBF can be demonstrated, the cognitive state of the subjects must be controlled and considered when interpreting the differences. Also, variations in the cognitive state might explain some of the discrepancies in gender studies in the rCBF and cerebral glucose metabolism literature.
Update in Women's Health: Evidence Published in 2015

This Update summarizes studies published in 2015 that the authors consider highly relevant to the practice of women's health.
Gynecologic factors in sexual dysfunction of the older woman.

Older women may experience sexual dysfunction due to many different causes. Some problems related to menopausal hormonal change may be easily treated with estrogen supplements. Other problems involve intricate interpersonal relations between the woman and her sexual partner and may require a combination of medical therapy and sexual counseling. Gynecologic cancer and cancer treatments are often accompanied by problems in sexual functioning. These problems may then impair relations and self-image, leading to a vicious circle of deteriorating social function. Some recommendations for the clinician follow. The clinician should maintain an attitude of openness to the possibility of sexual concerns in older women. Such concerns should be taken seriously and should not be dismissed as part of aging. Routine periodic health examinations can include a question such as "Do you have any concerns about your sexual life that you would like to discuss?" In follow-up visits for procedures with a high likelihood of causing sexual dysfunction, questions that would open the door to a discussion of sexuality should be asked. Sexual dysfunction should be recognized as a couple-oriented phenomenon. A woman's anxiety about her appearance, postoperative depression, or dyspareunia may be perceived by her partner as a sexual rejection and may initiate a cycle of decreasing contact or may even lead to erectile dysfunction. Sexual counseling should include both partners. When a surgical procedure that will probably have an impact on sexual function is contemplated, provide the patient and her partner with advance counseling. Descriptions of surgery should not be simply a statement of body parts to be removed but should specifically address the anticipated sexual effects. Counseling should include a description of basic anatomy and function of the genital organs. Illustrations and appropriate demonstration during the physical examination should be used to ensure the patient's understanding. Descriptions should be accurate without being either frightening or falsely reassuring. The patient should be counseled about the benefits of including her partner in discussions. Then, when possible, the sexual partner of the patient should be invited to sessions of advance counseling on contemplated procedures. Clinicians should remain open to the possibility that the sexual partner will be a nontraditional one, e.g., an unmarried male partner or another woman. The clinician should be alert to remediable causes of dysfunction. For example, decreased vaginal lubrication may be managed with use of water-soluble lubricants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
States and economic growth: Capacity and constraints☆

State capacity has become one of the most discussed concepts in development economics and political economy. In this survey we argue that the study of economic history provides vital insights into the process through which modern states have acquired ‘state capacity’. By evaluating the process of state building across a range of different countries in Europe and Asia, we are able to ‘decompress’ the relationship between state capacity and economic growth. Our analysis emphasizes the variegated nature of the state building process. We focus on recent research that helps to elucidate the mechanisms that relate state capacity to economic growth.
The Behavior of Fission Products in Molten Fluoride Reactor Fuels

Observations are reported on the behavior of several fission product elements in molten NaF-ZrF/sub 4/-UF/sub 4/ fuels, irradiated in capsule experiments, forced-con vection in-pile loop experiments, and in the Aircraft Reactor Experiment (ARE). The rare gases were observed to escape readily from the fuels in dynamic tests, although in static tests the rate of escape is very low. Ruthenium and niobium deposit on the Inconel walls of the fuel container, probably as metals. Other fission products studied (Sr, Zr, La, Ce) appear to remain in the fuel. The results obtained are entirely consistent with theoretical predictions. It is suggested that the observed noble metal deposit may serve to reduce corrosion of metals by mnolten fluoride fuels. The unsatisfactory nature of Cs/sup 137/ as a fission monitor in such fuels is reported and the use of Zr/sup 95/ as a substitute is discussed. (auth)
Online Teaching Tool for Sinus Surgery: Trends toward Mobile and Global Education.

ObjectiveOnline resources may provide an ideal forum for expert presentation of surgical techniques. The purpose of this study was to investigate utilization patterns of a sinus surgery website, Si...
Flexible solution-processed high-voltage organic thin film transistor

6,13-Bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) and pentacene-based high-voltage organic thin film transistors (HVOTFTs) have been fabricated on solid and flexible substrates via a low-temperature ( 120 V and >550 V for TIPS-pentacene and pentacene devices, respectively. The large breakdown voltages are attributed to an organic semiconductor channel region which is partially gated, allowing for a large potential drop. Thiolphenol-based SAMs were used to help improve charge injection. Electrical measurements were also performed with samples designed with a top metal field plate to improve control of the charge carrier within the channel.
Solution of the Solar Cell Transport Equations Using Maple

The solar cell transport equations and the associated boundary conditions can cause many symbolic algebra computer programs difficulties. However, it is shown in this paper that Maple can be used to find the transport equation solutions for both a dark and an illuminated solar cell. The correct procedures must be used and some precautions taken but once learned, these techniques will be useful in many applications.
Education can Reduce Health Disparities Related to Genetic Risk of Obesity: Evidence from a British Reform

This paper investigates whether genetic makeup moderates the effects of education on health. Low statistical power and endogenous measures of environment have been obstacles to the credible estimation of such gene-by-environment interactions. We overcome these obstacles by combining a natural experiment that generated variation in secondary education with polygenic scores for a quarter million individuals. The additional schooling affected body size, lung function, and blood pressure in middle age. The improvements in body size and lung function were larger for individuals with high genetic predisposition to obesity. As a result, education reduced the gap in unhealthy body size between those with high and low genetic risk of obesity from 20 to 6 percentage points.
In situ monitoring of prestressed concrete using embedded fiber loop ringdown strain sensor

Abstract We report near real-time in situ monitoring of prestressed concrete beams using a new fiber loop ringdown (FLRD) strain sensor. The strain sensor was fabricated by integrating a micro air-gap in the sensor head and had a strain detection limit of tens of nanostrain ( n e ). Two unbonded prestressed concrete beams were constructed with two strain sensors embedded in each concrete beam; one sensor was attached to the post-tensioned (PT) rod, while the second sensor was embedded in the concrete beam. A tensioning stress of up to 351 MPa was produced on the PT rod in steps of 39 MPa, and during a three-point loading test of the concrete beams, a force of up to 8 kN was applied in steps of 1 kN. Results demonstrated the ability of the FLRD strain sensor for sensing the stress on the PT rod as well as on the concrete far before the crack initiation.
Lean Methodology in Health Care

To improve the delivery of patient care, governments and health-care institutions adopted quality improvement methods that had been developed decades earlier in manufacturing industries. Many health-care practitioners are either unaware or are inexperienced about what these practices entail and whether they are successful in health care. This article reviews Lean, an improvement philosophy made famous by the Toyota Motor Company. Lean uses a set of instruments and incorporates a long-term vision aiming for continuous improvement. It focuses on eliminating waste as perceived by the patient, thereby maximizing quality and safety for the patient. However, the effort required for the attainment of Lean's goals is often not appreciated. Indeed, successful and sustainable implementation requires immense institutional culture change combined with innovative leadership and motivated frontline health-care professionals.
Nonlinear and Threshold Effects Related to Neighborhood: Implications for Planning and Policy:

Nonlinear and threshold relationships are commonly manifested in neighborhoods, both relating to effects of neighborhoods on residents and causes of neighborhood changes arising from individual mob...
Recipes for Michelle

“Recipes for Michelle” explores how Michelle Obama inspired Grace Sese-khalid to live a healthier lifestyle, through journaling, diet and Michelle Obama as inspiration.
Impact of Emergency Shelter Utilization and Kinship Involvement on Children’s Behavioral Outcomes

Youth in child welfare often experience emergency shelter care, a type of congregate setting, while a permanent placement is arranged. The present longitudinal study explored the impact of initial emergency shelter placement on long-term externalizing behavior (i.e., aggression, delinquency) and internalizing symptom (i.e., anxiety, depression) trajectories, and whether kinship involvement moderated the effect of shelter placement on behavioral outcomes. The sample consisted of 282 youths (55.3% male) with an average age of 9.90 years ( SD = 2.37); 36.9% experienced an emergency shelter placement. Data were collected from the Illinois Department of Children and Family Services. Caseworkers completed the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths, which measured youths' behavioral outcomes. Results suggested that shelter care was not associated with externalizing behavior trajectories. However, shelter care was associated with internalizing symptoms among children with less kinship involvement. Results from this study suggest that best practices for shelter care should leverage kinship involvement.
Characterizing replication kinetics and plaque production of type I feline infectious peritonitis virus in three feline cell lines

Abstract Investigating type I feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) in tissue culture is critical for understanding the basic virology, pathogenesis, and virus-host interactome of these important veterinary pathogens. This has been a perennial challenge as type I FCoV strains do not easily adapt to cell culture. Here we characterize replication kinetics and plaque formation of a model type I strain FIPV Black in Fcwf-4 cells established at Cornell University (Fcwf-4 CU). We determined that maximum virus titers (>107 pfu/mL) were recoverable from infected Fcwf-4 CU cell-free supernatant at 20 h post-infection. Type I FIPV Black and both biotypes of type II FCoV formed uniform and enumerable plaques on Fcwf-4 CU cells. Therefore, these cells were employable in a standardized plaque assay. Finally, we determined that the Fcwf-4 CU cells were morphologically distinct from feline bone marrow-derived macrophages and were less sensitive to exogenous type I interferon than were Fcwf-4 cells purchased from ATCC.
Impact of Data Selection on the Accuracy of Atmospheric Refractivity Evaporative Duct Inversions Using Genetic Algorithms

One alternate approach to directly measuring or forward modeling atmospheric conditions that lead to anomalous propagation is to use radar measurements to inversely determine the conditions. This preliminary study examines the impact of varying the quantity of propagation loss data as well as 3 different data location groupings on the accuracy of inversion solutions. The fraction of successful trials increases as the amount of data increases up to ~104grid cells with the largest improvement in accuracy for both duct height and the M -profile occurring between 10°and 101 grid cells. Non-unique solutions are problematic with one or numerous (≥105) grid cells.
Children's (and Adults') Production Adjustments to Generic and Particular Listener Needs

Adults design utterances to match listeners' informational needs by making both "generic" adjustments (e.g., mentioning atypical more often than typical information) and "particular" adjustments tailored to their specific interlocutor (e.g., including things that their addressee cannot see). For children, however, relevant evidence is mixed. Three experiments investigated how generic and particular factors affect children's production. In Experiment 1, 4- to 5-year-old children and adults described typical and atypical instrument events to a silent listener who could either see or not see the events. In later extensions, participants described the same events to either a silent (Experiment 2) or an interactive (Experiment 3) addressee with a specific goal. Both adults and 4- to 5-year-olds performed generic adjustments but, unlike adults, children made listener-particular adjustments inconsistently. These and prior findings can be explained by assuming that particular adjustments can be costlier for children to implement compared to generic adjustments.
Student self-efficacy, employee engagement, and community vitality: a collaborative data collection model for regional workforce development

Higher education institutions, communities, and employers experience challenges as young professionals continually adjust their workplace-participation views and behaviours. Higher education instit...
From back rooms to the street? A research agenda for explaining variation in the public salience of trade policy-making in Europe

After the negotiations for the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) triggered massive public mobilization in the European Union (EU), literature emerged on the novel ‘politicizatio...