cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Achilles Heel RNA Interference Screens for Molecular Targets in Cancer

CN02-03 We have designed a loss-of-function screen for genes required for the proliferation and survival of cancer cells using an RNA interference library. A doxycycline-inducible retroviral vector for the expression of small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) was used to construct a library targeting 3,000 human genes. Retroviral pools from this library were used to infect cell lines representing two distinct molecular subgroups of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) termed activated B cell-like (ABC) DLBCL and germinal center B cell-like (GCB) DLBCL. Each vector was engineered to contain a unique 60-base pair “bar code”, allowing the abundance of an individual shRNA vector within a population of transduced cells to be measured using microarrays of the bar code sequences. We observed that a subset of shRNA vectors was depleted from the transduced cells after 3 weeks in culture only if shRNA expression was induced. Remarkably, in ABC DLBCL, but not GCB DLBCL, shRNAs targeting the NF-kB pathway were depleted, in keeping with the essential role of this pathway in the survival of ABC DLBCL. Unexpectedly, this screen uncovered CARD11 as a key upstream signaling component responsible for the constitutive IkB kinase activity in ABC DLBCL. Further, this genetic analysis revealed new components of the CARD11 signaling pathway. Recently, we have also discovered genes essential for the survival of multiple myeloma cells using this approach. Some genes identified in these screens have revealed regulatory pathways that are activated by somatic alterations in tumor genome. Other genes have defined pathways regulating proliferation and survival that the cancer “inherits” from its normal cellular counterpart. This “lineage dependency” is a recurrent theme in cancer, as exemplified by the role of the androgen receptor in both normal and malignant prostate epithelium. In the case of B cell malignancies, novel therapeutics targeting lineage dependency pathways may be feasible since short-term loss of normal B lymphocytes is a manageable side effect.
Trauma and Affects

(1978). Trauma and Affects. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child: Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 81-116.
Advertising, Habit Formation, and U.S. Tobacco Product Demand

The U.S. tobacco market has experienced a shift toward noncigarette tobacco products. We examined the degree of habit formation and the role of advertising for cigarettes, little cigars/cigarillos, large cigars, e-cigarettes, and smokeless tobacco using market-level scanner data for convenience stores from 2009 to 2013. Results based on a dynamic demand system show that while all tobacco products are habitual, e-cigarettes are the most habitual product. More choices of flavors, less restrictions on its use in public places, less documented harmful effects, and a higher upfront cost might explain the higher degree of habit formation for e-cigarettes. We also find that e-cigarettes did not substitute for or complement c igarettes. The results imply that e-cigarettes may serve as a gateway to nicotine addiction but not necessarily to cigarette smoking. Regarding advertising, cigarette magazine advertising did not affect cigarette demand, while e-cigarette TV advertising increased e-cigarette demand with a positive spillover to cigarette demand. Such results may help explain e-cigarettes’ recent success in sales and imply that e-cigarette TV advertising might undermine efforts to reduce cigarette smoking. Advertising was al so found to affect the degree of habit formation for cigarettes, large cigars, and e-cigarettes.
Finite element analysis of thermal buckling in automotive clutch plates

ABSTRACTA finite element analysis is performed to investigate the stability boundaries of thermal buckling in automotive clutches. It is found that the radial variation of temperature considerably affects the critical buckling temperature. A linear or monotonic temperature profile always leads to a dominant coning mode. Whereas a temperature profile with the maximum temperature located in the middle leads to a dominant non-axisymmetric buckling mode, and the associated critical temperature is typically much higher. The numerical solutions for periodic variations of temperature with multiple waves along the circumference were also tentatively obtained.
Enacting the molecular imperative: How gene-environment interaction research links bodies and environments in the post-genomic age

Despite a proclaimed shift from 'nature versus nurture' to 'genes and environment' paradigms within biomedical and genomic science, capturing the environment and identifying gene-environment interactions (GEIs) has remained a challenge. What does 'the environment' mean in the post-genomic age? In this paper, we present qualitative data from a study of 33 principal investigators funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health to conduct etiological research on three complex diseases (cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes). We examine their research practices and perspectives on the environment through the concept of molecularization: the social processes and transformations through which phenomena (diseases, identities, pollution, food, racial/ethnic classifications) are re-defined in terms of their molecular components and described in the language of molecular biology. We show how GEI researchers' expansive conceptualizations of the environment ultimately yield to the imperative to molecularize and personalize the environment. They seek to 'go into the body' and re-work the boundaries between bodies and environments. In the process, they create epistemic hinges to facilitate a turn from efforts to understand social and environmental exposures outside the body, to quantifying their effects inside the body. GEI researchers respond to these emergent imperatives with a mixture of excitement, ambivalence and frustration. We reflect on how GEI researchers struggle to make meaning of molecules in their work, and how they grapple with molecularization as a methodological and rhetorical imperative as well as a process transforming biomedical research practices.
P4GPU: Accelerate Packet Processing of a P4 Program with a CPU-GPU Heterogeneous Architecture

The P4 language is an emerging domain-specific language for describing the data plane processing at a network device. P4 has been mapped to a wide range of forwarding devices including NPUs, programmable NICs and FPGAs, except for General Purpose Graphics Processing Unit (GPGPU) which is a salient parallel architecture for processing network flows. In this work, we design a heterogeneous architecture with both CPU and GPU as a P4 programming target, and present a toolset to map a P4 program onto the proposed architecture. Our evaluation reveals that a P4 program can render promising performance on such architecture by parallelizing its "match+action" engine with the GPGPU accelerator. The experiment results show that the auto-configured GPU kernels achieve scalable lookup and classification speeds: the prototype system can reach up to 580 Gbps for IP lookups (64-byte packets) and 60 million classifications per second for 4k firewall rules, respectively.
A Snap-shot Dual-disperser Imager for Compressive Hyperspectral Imaging

We demonstrate a single-shot, dual-disperser spectral imaging system using coded apertures to perform compressive imaging. We also describe associated multiscale reconstruction algorithms to retrieve hyperspectral data from single-shot image. We show simulated and experimental results.
Cap-Rock Characteristic and Sealing Ability Evaluation of Deep Xujiaweizi Fault Depression

By use of drilling,logging and analysis data,combined with gas reservoir profile,it is concluded that there are two types of cap-rocks in Xujiaweizi fault depression,that is,mudstone and volcanic rock.By analyzing the identification mark,distribution and seal ability of cap-rock of deep gas in Xujiaweizi fault depression and its controlling action to gas accumulation and distribution,it is consi-dered that there are two sets of regional cap-rocks(K1q1+2 and K1d2),local cap-rock(K1yc1) on top,and interlayers in K1yc1 and K1yc3 of deep gas in Xujiaweizi fault depression.Regional and local cap-rocks are widely distributed with large thickness,higher displacement pressure and strong seal ability,which control regional accumulation and distribution of deep gas in Xujiaweizi fault depression;Inter-layers are limited distributed with thin thickness,low displacement pressure and weak seal ability,which only control local accumulation and distribution of gas in reservoir.
Base isolation with sliding hydromagnetic bearings: concept and feasibility study

A description is made of a newly developed base isolation system that in a simple and cost-effective way may significantly reduce the lateral forces transmitted to buildings, bridges and other stru...
Declarative Parallel Programming for GPUs

The recent rise in the popularity of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) has been fueled by software frameworks, such as NVIDIA’s Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) and Khronos Group’s OpenCL that make GPUs available for general purpose computing. However, CUDA and OpenCL are still lowlevel approaches that require users to handle details about data layout and movement across levels of memory hierarchy. We propose a declarative approach to coordinating computation and data movement between CPU and GPU, through a domain-specific language that we called Harlan. Not only does a declarative language obviate the need for the programmer to write low-level error-prone boilerplate code, by raising the abstraction of specifying GPU computation it also allows the compiler to optimize data movement and overlap between CPU and GPU computation. By focusing on the “what”, and not the “how”, of data layout, data movement, and computation scheduling, the language eliminates the sources of many programming errors related to correctness and performance.
Transurethral Incision of the Prostate: A Preoperative and Postoperative Analysis of Symptoms and Urodynamic Findings

AbstractThe efficacy of transurethral incision of the prostate was evaluated prospectively in 26 men with urodynamic evidence of outlet obstruction secondary to small prostate glands (estimated size less than 30gm.). All men completed preoperative and postoperative symptom questionnaires and extensive urodynamic testing with a median postoperative followup of 16.25 months. There was a significant improvement in subjective symptom analysis and objective urodynamic parameters (peak and mean uroflow rates, maximal detrusor pressure at peak flow, volume at first urge and post-void residual volume) as a result of transurethral incision of the prostate with minimal postoperative morbidity. Antegrade ejaculation was preserved in 55% of the men with normal preoperative ejaculation. Based on subjective and objective criteria, transurethral incision of the prostate is an effective treatment option for selected men with outlet obstruction.
Effect of Driven-Wall Motion on a Turbulent Boundary Layer

An experimental boundary layer study was conducted in low-speed flow over a driven wall model. Acoustic horn drivers were used to vibrate a thin membrane surface to obtain two-dimensional standing wave motion. The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of the unsteady wall boundary motion on the structure of a zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer. Measured quantities included velocity profiles, turbulence quantities (including Reynolds stress), and smoke wire flow visualization.
Rational and combinatorial approaches to engineering styrene production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Styrene is an important building-block petrochemical and monomer used to produce numerous plastics. Whereas styrene bioproduction by Escherichia coli was previously reported, the long-term potential of this approach will ultimately rely on the use of hosts with improved industrial phenotypes, such as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Classical metabolic evolution was first applied to isolate a mutant capable of phenylalanine over-production to 357 mg/L. Transcription analysis revealed up-regulation of several phenylalanine biosynthesis pathway genes including ARO3, encoding the bottleneck enzyme DAHP synthase. To catalyze the first pathway step, phenylalanine ammonia lyase encoded by PAL2 from A. thaliana was constitutively expressed from a high copy plasmid. The final pathway step, phenylacrylate decarboxylase, was catalyzed by the native FDC1. Expression of FDC1 was naturally induced by trans-cinnamate, the pathway intermediate and its substrate, at levels sufficient for ensuring flux through the pathway. Deletion of ARO10 to eliminate the competing Ehrlich pathway and expression of a feedback-resistant DAHP synthase encoded by ARO4 K229L preserved and promoted the endogenous availability precursor phenylalanine, leading to improved pathway flux and styrene production. These systematic improvements allowed styrene titers to ultimately reach 29 mg/L at a glucose yield of 1.44 mg/g, a 60% improvement over the initial strain. The potential of S. cerevisiae as a host for renewable styrene production has been demonstrated. Significant strain improvements, however, will ultimately be needed to achieve economical production levels.
Antigone’s Liminality: Hegel’s Racial Purification of Tragedy and the Naturalization of Slavery

The Sophoclean tragic cycle stands exemplary of Western culture in so many diverse ways, the exemplarity of which has been expounded by various philosophical, psychoanalytic, and literary figures, some of whom—G. W. F. Hegel among them—have themselves founded schools of thought. Yet all too rarely have the exponents of Sophocles’ Oedipus or Antigone been willing or able to take on and think through the paradox that these literary, philosophical, psychoanalytic heroes were penned by an aristocratic author whose “leisure” time to conceive, write, and perform his exemplary tragedies was bought at the expense of a system of chattel slavery. The achievements of ancient Athenian society are glorified in a manner that encourages a certain evasion of our own implication in empires built on slavery and colonialism. to carrion birds but would have no such qualms in doing so had he been a slave rather than her brother.
Observation Hive Marking Apparatus (OHMA): An Inexpensive Method For Mass-Marking Honey Bees In Observation Hives

Hagler, Mueller, Teuber, van Deynze, and Martin (2011) developed an effective way for mass-marking honey bees from multiple apiary locations. The method, however, only works with Langstroth hives. ...
Epidemiology of Sports-Related Eye Injuries in the United States.

Importance Ocular trauma can lead to lifelong sequelae, and sports-related ocular injuries have been shown to disproportionately affect the young. Studies quantifying and characterizing the incidence and type of injuries seen with sports-related ocular trauma may be useful for resource utilization, training, and prevention efforts. Objective To examine the emergency department (ED) burden of sports-related ocular trauma in the United States. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective, cross-sectional study examined the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, containing data from approximately 30 million ED visits annually at more than 900 hospitals nationwide, from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2013, to determine factors associated with sports-related ocular trauma. Main Outcomes and Measures Annual incidence of sports-related ocular trauma, broken down by age, sex, mechanism of injury, and related activity, as well as factors associated with short-term impaired vision. Results During the study period, 120 847 individuals (mean age, 22.3 years [95% CI, 21.9-22.7]; 96 872 males, 23 963 females, and 12 with missing data) presented with sports-related ocular trauma, which was the primary diagnosis in 85 961 patients. Injuries occurred most commonly among males (69 849 [81.3%]; 95% CI, 80.6%-81.9%) and occurred most frequently as a result of playing basketball (22.6%; 95% CI, 21.7%-23.6%), playing baseball or softball (14.3%; 95% CI, 13.7%-14.9%), and shooting an air gun (11.8%; 95% CI, 10.8%-12.8%). Odds of presentation to the ED with impaired vision were greatest for paintball and air gun injuries relative to football-related injuries (odds ratio, 4.75; 95% CI, 2.21-10.19 and 3.71; 95% CI, 2.34-5.88, respectively; P Conclusions and Relevance In our study, approximately 30 000 individuals presented annually to EDs in the United States with sports-related eye injuries; in more than 70% of these cases, eye injuries were the primary diagnosis. Activities involving projectiles pose the greatest risk for visual impairment in the short term, although long-term outcomes were unavailable.
Proteins adopt functionally active conformations after type III secretion.

Bacterial production of natively folded heterologous proteins by secretion to the extracellular space can improve protein production by simplifying purification and enabling continuous processing. In a typical bacterial protein production process, the protein of interest accumulates in the cytoplasm of the cell, requiring cellular lysis and extensive purification to separate the desired protein from other cellular constituents. The type III secretion system of Gram-negative bacteria is used to secrete proteins from the cytosol to the extracellular space in one step, but proteins must unfold during translocation, necessitating the folding of secreted proteins in the extracellular space for an efficient production process. We evaluated type III secretion as a protein production strategy by characterizing and quantifying the extent of correct folding after secretion. We probed correct folding by assaying the function after secretion of two enzymes—beta-lactamase and alkaline phosphatase—and one single-chain variable fragment of an antibody. Secreted proteins are correctly folded and functional after unfolding, secretion, and refolding in the extracellular space. Furthermore, structural and chemical features required for protein function, such as multimerization and disulfide bond formation, are evident in the secreted protein samples. Finally, the concentration of NaCl in the culture media affects the folding efficiency of secreted proteins in a protein-specific manner. In the extracellular space, secreted proteins are able to fold to active conformations, which entails post-translational modifications including: folding, multimerization, acquisition of metal ion cofactors, and formation of disulfide bonds. Further, different proteins have different propensities to refold in the extracellular space and are sensitive to the chemical environment in the extracellular space. Our results reveal strategies to control the secretion and correct folding of diverse target proteins during bacterial cell culture.
High Resolution Microscopy Characterization of Nanostructured Materials

High resolution microscopy techniques have been used to study fundamental problems related to the improvement of permanent magnets, to quantify interfacial roughness of layered structures, and to determine the decomposition behavior of heterogeneous alloys. The microstructural information obtained provides data for correlation with the relevant magnetic data and, hence, considerable insight into materials behavior, aiding in the understanding and improvement of materials performance.
The effects of crystal proximity and crystal-binder adhesion on the thermal responses of ultrasonically-excited composite energetic materials

Composite energetic materials have been shown to generate heat under certain ultrasonic excitations, enough to drive rapid reactions in some cases. In an attempt to isolate the proposed heat generation mechanisms of frictional and viscoelastic heating at crystal-crystal and crystal-binder interfaces, a systematic study was conducted with cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine crystals arranged as discrete inclusions within Sylgard 184 binder. Groups of three embedded crystals, or “triads,” were arranged in two geometries with the crystals either in contact or slightly separated. Additionally, samples with good crystal-binder adhesion as well as ones mechanically debonded using compression were considered. The samples were excited ultrasonically with a contact piezoelectric transducer, and the top surface of each sample was monitored via infrared thermography. The contacting triads showed evidence of an intense localized heat source conducting to the polymer surface above the crystal locations in contrast to t...
Membrane-Mimetic Approach to Nanotechnology

Advanced materials in the nanometer dimension are the subject of ever increasing scrutiny, reports, and review articles.1 Attention is increasingly focused upon the formation of “intelligent” materials which can, to different degrees, self assemble, self diagnose, self repair, and recognize and discriminate physical and/or chemical stimuli, and, at the extreme, have the capability of learning and self replicating.
Preliminary Observations on the Effects of Response Parameters on Pre-response Potentials

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the effects that response parameters may have on the slow pre-response cortical negativity, which is sometimes labeled the readiness potential (RP). In an experiment described in the chapter, outcomes were presented in different sequences, the outcome being completely predictable in some series and being completely unpredictable in the other. If the outcome is predictable, the responding hand is also predictable. A “motor” interpretation of the pre-response potentials should predict a different cortical distribution of pre-response potentials during predictable and unpredictable series. Two padded vertical poles protruded from the subject's arm rest. The subject held his palm against the proximal pole and held his fingers around the more distal pole. The two poles were attached to a heavy steel spring. The distal pole could be moved toward the proximal pole by depressing the spring. By varying the position of the microswitch with respect to the moving pole, the force with which S was required to squeeze could be varied. Force requirements in this device were confounded with the displacement requirements.
Relationships of Cetacea to Terrestrial Ungulates and the Evolution of Cranial Vasculature in Cete

Concomitant with the evolution of numerous aquatic adaptations, extant cetaceans have developed a cranial vascular system that is very different from those of terrestrial mammals. Terrestrial mammals rely on the internal carotid, external carotid, and vertebral arteries for blood supply to the brain. In extant cetaceans, however, these cranial vessels are either lost or extremely reduced early in ontogeny (such as the internal carotid and its branch the stapedial artery), or ramify along part of their course into anastomotic networks of small arteries (such as the vertebral artery and branches of the external carotid). These networks of arteries, and their morphologically similar complexes of veins, are termed retia mirabile, “wonderful nets.” In contrast to the typical ungulate cranial circulation in which a few large arteries make up the main supply channels to the brain, the cetacean cranial circulation is characterized by a series of the retia mirabile. The cranial vascular patterns of cetaceans (Boenninghaus, 1904; Slijper, 1936; Walmsley, 1938; Vogl and Fisher, 1981a) are so different from those of terrestrial eutherian mammals (Sisson, 1921; Miller et al., 1964; Bugge, 1974; Gray, 1974; Hunt, 1974; Presley, 1979; MacPhee, 1981; Wible, 1987) that they have attracted the attention of morphologists since the first half of the nineteenth century (Breschet, 1836; Stannius, 1841).
The Gift of Wisdom

Thankfully, an overwhelming proportion of Homo sapiens enjoys the gifts of attention, attention-related learning and normal cognitive function. These processes function so transparently that we normally don’t need to recognize or fully appreciate their molecular origins or their tenuous nature. But, as Joni Mitchell put it: “You don’t know what you got ’til its gone.” Our priceless gifts are inextricably.linked to the mentally ill who function beyond the limits of acceptable cognitive and affective diversity. In a sense it is they who make our gift possible. They pay the price.
Right Triangle Concepts in Ancient China: From Application to Theory:

Histoire du developpement des mathematiques en general et des theories de l'angle droit en particulier, en Chine de l'antiquite au 19 e siecle
12 – Mechanisms of failure of medical implants during long-term use

: This chapter discusses the mechanisms that are responsible for implant failure following clinical use. The chapter focuses mainly on the mechanical and biological factors (for both hard and soft tissue implants) that can influence the in vivo survival of implants. Techniques including microscopy and finite element analysis, to study the stress distribution of implants; design considerations to improve future generations of implants are also discussed.
Classical, Bayesian, and generalized inferences of the reliability of a multicomponent system with censored data

ABSTRACTIn this study, we discuss the classical, Bayesian, and generalized inference of the reliability parameter Rs,k=Pr(At least s of the (X1,X2,…,Xk) exceed Y)= Pr(Xk−s+1:k>Y) of an s-out-of-k:G...
Chapter 22 – Family Bornaviridae

Bornaviruses are enveloped, unsegmented, negative-strand RNA viruses. The family Bornaviridae is in the order Mononegavirales and shares many basic characteristics with other viruses in the order. However bornaviruses have several unique traits. They replicate in the nucleus, use cellular splicing machinery to produce some mRNAs, and are highly cell-associated. They cause persistent infections with little or no cell pathology and are often highly associated with neurons in an infected host. Overall, bornaviruses are quite stealthy in their life styles. Diseases caused by bornaviruses include Borna disease, a rare neurologic disease of horses and sheep, mainly restricted to central Germany, and proventricular dilatation disease or PDD, a severe neurologic and digestive disorder of birds, often seen among captive parrots.
Single institutional experience with initial ultrasound followed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging for acute appendicitis in adults.

Purpose The objectives of this study was to assess the performance of ultrasound (US) for suspected appendicitis in adult patients and to evaluated the additive value of short-interval (within 1 week) computed tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) after performing an initial US. Methods In this IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant, retrospective study, electronic medical records (EMRs) were queried for "US appendicitis" performed over a 2-year interval. EMR was reviewed for CT or MRI performed within 1 week of this exam, and if any new or additional information was available at subsequent exam. White count, patient disposition, and pathology, if surgery was performed, were also recorded. Results 682 patients underwent US for appendicitis over a 2-year duration, age range from 18 to 92 years (average: 30.1 years, M:F = 141:541). Findings showed 126/682 patients with normal appendix, 75/682 uncomplicated appendicitis, and 4/682 with complicated appendicitis. When performed, no additional findings were seen in these groups on short-interval CT or MRI. 2/682 patients had equivocal findings on US but eventually had normal appendix identified on CT. Four hundred and seventy-three patients had non-visualized appendix, of which only 14/473 (3.1%) eventually had appendicitis. Conclusions Ultrasound is an effective initial modality for evaluating appendicitis even in adult patients. Once a normal appendix, uncomplicated or complicated appendicitis is identified on US, no further imaging is necessary. Very few patients with non-visualization of the appendix eventually have appendicitis. Hence, these patients can be managed with active clinical follow-up rather than immediate CT or MRI. Symptoms and clinical scoring systems can be used for triage of these patients.
Relevansi Nilai Arus Kas Operasi terhadap Unexpected Return Studi di Bursa Efek Jakarta

The value-relevance of cash flow from operations, as reported under PSAK No. 2, is the object to be examined in this paper. The value-relevance is to be assessed by the cash flow from operations disclosures influencing the investment decisions. The stock price changes arround the announcement date represents the investment decisions. The results show that actual cash flow from operation have incremental value-relevance beyond earning. But we found that significance of cash flow from operations is not better than earning. The second issue, we examine the value-relevance of estimated cash flow from operations. The estimates that readily available from balance sheet and financial statement data. The results show that estimated cash flow from operation have incremental value-relevance beyond earning. But the estimates have no significance when the actual cash flow from operations significance better than estimates. This result suggests that cash flow from operation, as reported under PSAK No.2, should have substituted the role of estimated cash flow for investment decision making.
Description of a novel technique for surgical placement of gastrostomy tubes in dogs.

Background Early enteral nutrition in dogs with critical illnesses, including septic peritonitis, has been shown to have a positive influence on patient outcome. Surgical placement of a gastrostomy tube (GT) is one option for providing early enteral nutrition. Complications, including premature tube removal or separation of the stomach from the body wall, can result in leakage of gastric contents into the abdominal cavity and subsequent peritonitis. A safe and reliable technique for the placement of a GT is desirable to minimize such complications. Key concepts A modified method for surgical placement of a GT is described. A thoracic trocar catheter (TTC) with an attached Pezzer tube is inserted through a gastrotomy incision and exited through the left gastric body and body wall. A left-sided tube gastropexy is performed using an interlocking box (ILB) pattern. Significance GT placement using a TTC is efficient, requiring minimal additional anesthesia time. The gastric defect created by the TTC conforms well with the Pezzer tube. As such, placement and utilization of the ILB suture pattern enables removal of the GT in the early postoperative period, if appropriate.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cognition

This chapter discusses the epidemiological scope of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and the characteristics and cause of cognitive impairments in OSA. OSA is a common medical condition and a significant public health concern, with increased rates in males and increased risk associated with obesity and age. Both observational and clinical research studies have examined the impact of OSA on neuropsychological outcomes, with evidence of both objective impairments and patient-reported impairments. Additional secondary factors are associated with OSA risk, and OSA is related to multiple medical comorbidities. The impact of OSA on cognitive function appears to be related to inflammation, cerebrovascular injury, and oxyhemoglobin desaturation. While language function is relatively resilient in OSA, executive functioning, memory, and visual-spatial functioning appear to be impaired. Cognitive impairments are correlated with morphological and volumetric changes on brain imaging, with evidence of some degree of recovery of structure and functioning with long-term consistent CPAP treatment.
Enhanced mechanical properties of carbon-doped FeNiMnAlCr high entropy alloy via hot-rolling

Abstract This work demonstrates an improvement in the mechanical performance of the high entropy alloy Fe40.4Ni11.3Mn34.8Al7.5Cr6 containing 1.1 at. % carbon (CHEA) by hot-rolling followed by annealing at 1323 K. The microstructure was examined using scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Room-temperature tensile tests were used to assess the alloy's mechanical properties. The presence of dense dislocation walls indicate that the alloy has not fully recrystallized and, moreover, the deformation substructure and the large fraction of Σ3 twin boundaries contribute to the high room temperature yield strength (~523 MPa). Despite the presence of substantial dislocation density, the annealed, hot-rolled CHEA displays an improvement in elongation to fracture (~33%) compared to the negligible ductility (
GRM8 genotype is associated with externalizing disorders and greater inter-trial variability in brain activation during a response inhibition task

Abstract Objective The present investigation tested the association of a novel measure of brain activation recorded during a simple motor inhibition task with a GRM8 genetic locus implicated in risk for substance dependence. Methods 122 European-American adults were genotyped at rs1361995 and evaluated against DSM-IV criteria for Alcohol Dependence, Cocaine Dependence, Conduct Disorder, and Antisocial Personality Disorder. Also, their brain activity was recorded in response to rare, so-called “No-Go” stimuli presented during a continuous performance test. Brain activity was quantified with two indices: (1) the amplitude of the No-Go P300 electroencephalographic response averaged across trials; and (2) the inter-trial variability of the response. Results The absence of the minor allele at the candidate locus was associated with all of the evaluated diagnoses. In comparison to minor allele carriers, major allele homozygotes also demonstrated increased inter-trial variability in No-Go P300 response amplitude but no difference in average amplitude. Conclusions GRM8 genotype is associated with Alcohol and Cocaine Dependence as well as personality risk factors for dependence. The association may be mediated through an inherited instability in brain function that affects cognitive control. Significance The present study focuses on a metric and brain mechanism not typically considered or theorized in studies of patients with substance use disorders.
Nanoscale Boehmite Filler for Corrosion- and Wear-resistant Polyphenylenesulfide Coatings:

We evaluated the usefulness of nanoscale boehmite crystals as a filler for anti-wear and anti-corrosion polyphenylenesulfide (PPS) coatings exposed to a very harsh, 300°C corrosive geothermal environment. The boehmite fillers dispersed uniformly into the PPS coating, conferring two advanced properties: First, they reduced markedly the rate of blasting wear; second, they increased the PPS's glass transition temperature and thermal decomposition temperature. The wear rate of PPS surfaces was reduced threefold when 5 wt% boehmite was incorporated into the PPS. During exposure for 15 days at 300°C, the PPS underwent hydrothermal oxidation, leading to the substitution of sulfide linkages by sulfite linkages. However, such molecular alteration did not significantly diminish the ability of the coating to protect carbon steel against corrosion. In fact, PPS coating filled with boehmite of < 5 wt% adequately mitigated its corrosion in brine at 300°C. One concern in using this filler was that it absorbs brine. Thus, adding an excess amount of boehmite was detrimental to achieving maximum protection.
2019 Wallace Foundation Distinguished Lecture: Education Research and the Disruption of Racialized Distortions: Establishing a Wide Angle View:

Given contemporary recognition of how racialized micro-interactions and the embedded distortions of marginalized and minoritized folk compound over time to produce and reify educational stratificat...
Popularity of natural American Spirit cigarettes is greater in U.S. cities with lower smoking prevalence.

Abstract Background Often perceived as a safer smoke, Natural American Spirit (NAS) may find particular appeal in communities with strong non-smoking norms. We hypothesized NAS would be more popular in cities with lower smoking prevalence, with the pattern unique to NAS. We tested household income, cigarette taxes, and young adult population as alternative correlates and examined brand specificity, relative to Marlboro and Pall Mall. Methods Using proprietary, city-specific sales estimates obtained from Nielsen for 30 U.S. cities over one year (9/7/18–9/9/19), we computed cigarette sales volume as standard pack units per 10,000 adult smokers for NAS and Marlboro and Pall Mall. Linear regression models examined associations between city-level sales volume and adult smoking prevalence, median household income, the sum of state/local cigarette excise taxes, and young adult population. Results NAS sales volume averaged 44,785 packs per 10,000 adult smokers (SD = 47,676). Across 30 cities, adult smoking prevalence averaged 18.0% (SD = 4.5%), median household income averaged $53,677 (SD = $14,825), cigarette excise tax averaged $2.55 (SD = $1.63), and young adult population averaged 10.6% (SD = 2.2%). NAS sales volume was greater in cities with lower adult smoking prevalence (β = −0.39, 95% CI[−0.74, −0.03], p = 0.034), a pattern that was not observed for Marlboro or Pall Mall (ps > 0.356). Marlboro (β = −0.40, 95% CI[-0.76, −0.05], p = 0.027) and Pall Mall (β = −0.48, 95% CI[−0.82, −0.14], p = 0.008) sales volumes were higher in cities where cigarette excise taxes were lower, a pattern not observed for NAS (p = 0.224). Conclusion NAS appears to be more popular in cities with lower smoking prevalence and may deter efforts to further decrease prevalence.
Heterosexual People's Reactions to Same-Sex Romantic or Sexual Overtures: The Role of Attitudes About Sexual Orientation and Gender.

Why do some heterosexual people react in a negative manner when pondering or experiencing romantic or sexual overtures from persons of their same-sex, whereas other heterosexual people react more positively? To answer this question, this cross-sectional, correlational study examined individual difference predictors of heterosexual people’s responses to romantic or sexual overtures from same-sex persons. Our sample comprised 306 men and 307 women, ages 18–35 years, who were recruited from Mechanical Turk and identified as cisgender and heterosexual. Our hypotheses were premised on the theoretical construct of reactive group distinctiveness. Specifically, we explored predictors of heterosexual individuals’ negative perceptions of same-sex overtures. We found that more negative reactions to same-sex overtures were uniquely predicted by old-fashioned sexual prejudice, modern sexual prejudice, and desire to be perceived as gender conforming, via the mediators of social distance from same-sex sexual minority individuals and desire to be perceived as heterosexual. Gender moderated these relationships inconsistently. These findings indicate that two classes of individual differences—sexual prejudice and gender conforming reputation desire—are uniquely associated with heterosexual persons’ reactions to overtures from same-sex persons. We explain how these findings evidence the process of reactive group distinctiveness.
Connecting Torque and Friction Using Tactile Learning Activities

Kinesthetic experiences in the classroom seek to engage students by muscle movement, touch, or some form of physical activity. In this article, I describe an active learning session wherein students develop a qualitative understanding of center of mass and support forces using their sense of touch. The set of activities detailed here is based on a demonstration traditionally done by the instructor. When students conduct an in-class inquiry as opposed to watching passively, their excitement and enthusiasm can help them better understand the relationship between seemingly disconnected concepts of torque and friction.
Preventing multiple sclerosis misdiagnosis using the "central vein sign": A real-world study.

Abstract Background: Misdiagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is common and often occurs due to misattribution of non-MS magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions to MS demyelination. A recently developed MRI biomarker, the central vein sign (CVS), has demonstrated high specificity for MS lesions and may thus help prevent misdiagnosis. Objective: This study explores the potential “real world” diagnostic value of CVS by comparing CVS in patients with MS and patients previously misdiagnosed with MS. Methods: Fifteen patients with MS and 15 misdiagnosed with MS were prospectively recruited to undergo 3T brain MRI. T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T2*-weighted segmented echo-planar-imaging (T2*-EPI) were acquired. The generated FLAIR* images were analyzed by two independent raters. The percentage of lesions with CVS was calculated for each patient. Results: A CVS lesion threshold of 29% or higher resulted in high sensitivity (0.79) and specificity (0.88) for MS and correctly identified 87% of patients previously misdiagnosed with MS. Interrater reliability for CVS was high with a Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.86. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the ability of CVS to differentiate between patients with MS and patients with an MS misdiagnosis resulting from standard MRI and clinical evaluation. Clinical application of CVS may reduce MS misdiagnosis.
Feasibility and acceptability of virtual academic detailing on opioid prescribing.

Abstract Introduction Social distancing requirements during COVID-19 pose a challenge to conducting traditional academic detailing, which typically involves in-person peer education visits to improve patient outcomes. The main alternative is to conduct virtual academic detailing delivered through web-based technology, but this approach is fraught with many challenges. This study aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a virtual academic detailing program implemented among health care providers. Methods The academic detailing program focused on appropriate opioid prescribing and chronic non-cancer pain management among a sample of providers. An initial in-person visit was followed by a virtual visit up to 8 weeks later. Videoconferencing was used to conduct the virtual visit with telephone as a backup. Feasibility was assessed whether the virtual visits could happen, and acceptability was assessed by provider satisfaction. Validated measures of Provider Satisfaction with Academic Detailing (PSAD) and Detailer Assessment of Visit Effectiveness (DAVE) with a 5-point Likert-type scale were used. Higher scores corresponded to higher satisfaction and greater perceived effectiveness. Non-parametric and parametric statistical tests were used to compare instrument summary scores across visits and between groups. Pairwise analyses across visits only included instrument responses for providers who participated in both visits and completed both surveys in their entirety. Results There were 127 (90 %) initial in-person visits completed out of 141 visits scheduled, with a survey response rate of 96 %. Out of 120 virtual follow-up visits scheduled, 92 (77 %) were conducted, and 56 surveys (61 %) were collected. There was a high level of satisfaction with the initial and follow up virtual academic detailing visits, though, among providers who participated in both visits and had completed surveys (n = 50), initial visits had slightly higher scores (mean difference = −2.94 [95 % Confidence intervals: −4.38, −1.50], p Conclusion The results slightly favor in-person visits and suggest that virtual detailing visits need to incorporate strategies that minimize technical difficulties and prevent participants from defaulting to less favorable technology. Future research opportunities include evaluating the effectiveness of a virtual versus in-person delivery of AD program on outcomes such as providers’ opioid prescribing behavior.
Targeting Cullin-RING E3 Ubiquitin Ligase 4 by Small Molecule Modulators

Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase 4 (CRL4) plays an essential role in cell cycle progression. Recent efforts using high throughput screening and follow up hit-to-lead studies have led to identification of small molecules 33-11 and KH-4-43 that inhibit E3 CRL4's core ligase complex and exhibit anticancer potential. This review provides: 1) an updated perspective of E3 CRL4, including structural organization, major substrate targets and role in cancer; 2) a discussion of the challenges and strategies for finding the CRL inhibitor; and 3) a summary of the properties of the identified CRL4 inhibitors as well as a perspective on their potential utility to probe CRL4 biology and act as therapeutic agents.
Quantitation of infliximab using clonotypic peptides and selective reaction monitoring by LC-MS/MS.

Abstract Objectives Although therapeutic concentrations of infliximab (chimeric IgG1 kappa) are associated with improved clinical prognosis, clinical laboratory methods for monitoring are limited. Therefore, we aimed to develop a LC–MS/MS method to measure infliximab in serum. Methods Infliximab was measured using isotope-labeled peptides and horse IgG as a surrogate internal standard. After trypsin digestion, peptides were separated by reverse-phase C8 LC and detected by MS/MS on an ABSciex API 5000; analyte-to-internal standard peak area ratios were used for quantitation. Sera from patients receiving infliximab were collected at different time points in treatment and compared with a commercially available ECLIA method. Results The linear dynamic range of the assay was 1–100 μg/mL (R 2 > 0.998); both intra- and inter-assay imprecisions were Conclusions We have demonstrated the ability to quantify infliximab in patients using clonotypic peptides. This approach has the potential to be quickly adaptable to other monoclonal antibodies and to expand the availability of testing for this class of therapeutics in routine clinical practice.
Description of a large pedigree with an adverse lipoprotein cholesterol phenotype: The Bogalusa Heart Study

A large pedigree (N = 356) with a high prevalence of heart disease and associated adverse lipoprotein phenotype was studied. The adverse lipoprotein phenotype is characterized by both low levels of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) alone (16.3%) and in combination with other adverse lipoprotein levels (12.8%). In all, 44.2% of all pedigree members had at least one adverse lipoprotein level. Analysis of mating types showed that all lipids and lipoproteins possess familial clustering with 25–36% of offspring above median levels when both parents had levels below the median, while 67–83% had levels above the median when both parents had levels above the median. Using adjusted lipid and lipoprotein levels, a statistically significant linear trend was found between the degree of relationship to pedigree members with heart disease, and both the low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C) ratio (P < .05), and the very-low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C; P < .01) level. A similar analysis using the prevalence of adverse lipoprotein levels as the dependent variable and degree of relationship to heart diseased pedigree numbers as the independent variable showed significant (P < .05) relationships with VLDL-C and the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. Further genetic analyses of this pedigree may reveal genetic mechanisms responsible for the familiality of lipoprotein levels in this pedigree.
Natural Activities on Apparatus

(1930). Natural Activities on Apparatus. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 34-35.