cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inotuzumab Ozogamicin in Combination with Low-Intensity Chemotherapy (mini-hyper-CVD) As Frontline Therapy for Older Patients (≥60 years) with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

![Graphic][1] Background Older patients (pts) with ALL have a significantly worse outcome. This is primarily due to poor tolerance of intensive chemotherapy. Addition of targeted non-myelosuppressive therapy to effective low-intensity chemotherapy might improve outcome. CD22 expression occurs in >90% of pts with ALL. Inotuzumab ozogamicin (IO) is a CD22 monoclonal antibody bound to a toxin, calecheamicin, and has shown single-agent activity in relapsed/refractory ALL (Kantarjian et al. Lancet Oncology 2012). Methods Pts ≥60 years (yrs) with newly-diagnosed B-cell ALL were eligible. The chemotherapy was lower intensity than conventional hyper-CVAD and referred to as mini-hyper-CVD (cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone at 50% dose reduction, no anthracycline, methotrexate at 75% dose reduction, cytarabine at 0.5 g/m2 x 4 doses). Rituximab and intrathecal chemotherapy were given for first 4 courses. IO was given on day 3 of each of the first 4 courses. The first 6 pts received 1.3 mg/m2 for cycle 1 followed by 0.8 mg/m2 for subsequent cycles; pts 7 onwards received 1.8 mg/m2 for cycle 1 followed by 1.3 mg/m2 for subsequent cycles. Results Fifteen pts (10 men, 5 women) have been treated so far. Median age is 69 yrs (range 60-79). Median follow-up is 10.8 months (mos). Grade 3-4 non-hematological toxicity included 2 pts with grade 3 LFT elevation. Eleven pts had one or more infections. Six patients were switched early to maintenance therapy due to thrombocytopenia. No dose-limiting toxicity was observed. Of the 14 patients evaluable for response (one patient started with CR that she had achieved with single-agent prednisone), 13 patients (93%) achieved CR/CRp (12 CR, 1 CRp). All pts achieving CR have also achieved flow-cytometric MRD negative status and all except one continue to be on study in CR anywhere from 0.1 to 19.2 mos. There has been one relapse in a patient who received only 3 intensive chemotherapy cycles due to prolonged thrombocytopenia. She relapsed at the 1-year mark and is currently receiving salvage chemotherapy. One patient did not achieve CR and died 2 mos later after receiving a salvage regimen. This is the only death on the study. One-year disease-free and overall survival are 83% and 93%, respectively. Conclusions The combination of IO with low-intensity mini-hyper-CVD chemotherapy is safe and shows very encouraging results (93% CR/CRp) in the frontline setting in older pts with ALL. These results appear to be better than those achieved with a chemotherapy only approach and may become the new standard of care for frontline treatment of older pts with ALL. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Inotuzumab is a antibody drug conjugate targeting CD22 on ALL cells. Ravandi: Pfizer: Honoraria. Kantarjian: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, Pfizer: Research Funding. [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Matchings in graphs III: Infinite graphs

Let G be a graph, possibly infinite. Three successively larger sets of matchings in G are defined, the maximum, locally maximum, and quasi-locally maximum matchings. If G is finite the matchings of each type are maximum matchings in G. The maximum and locally maximum matchings are characterized in terms of alternating paths. Not every graph has a maximum matching, but Rado's selection theorem is used to show that every graph has a quasi-locally maximum matching. If G is locally finite, then G has a maximum matching, and every quasi-locally maximum matching in G is locally maximum.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants vs Low-Molecular–Weight Heparin for Thromboprophylaxis in Nonoperative Pelvic Fractures

Background Patients with pelvic fractures are prone to venous thromboembolic (VTE) complications. Recent literature shows superiority of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) over low-molecular–weight heparin (LMWH) for thromboprophylaxis in patients undergoing orthopaedic operations. The aim of our study was to compare in-hospital outcomes for DOACs vs LMWH in patients with nonoperative pelvic fractures. Study Design We performed a 2-year (2015 to 2016) analysis of the American College of Surgeons-Trauma Quality Improvement Program (ACS-TQIP) database. We included all adult patients with isolated blunt pelvic fractures who were managed nonoperatively and received thromboprophylaxis with either LMWH or DOACs (Factor-Xa inhibitor or direct thrombin inhibitor). Patients were divided into 2 groups based on receipt of DOACs vs LMWH and were propensity-score-matched in a 1:2 ratio to control for possible confounding factors. Primary outcomes were deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE). Secondary outcomes were pRBC transfusions, intervention for hemorrhage control, and in-hospital mortality after initiation of thromboprophylaxis. Results We identified 20,692 patients with pelvic fractures. There were 7,312 patients with isolated pelvic fractures included, 852 of whom were matched (DOACs: 284; LMWH: 568). Mean age was 43.2 ± 15 years, median Injury Severity Score was 14 (range 10 to 18). Matched groups were similar in demographics, vital signs, injury parameters, and timing of initiation of thromboprophylaxis. Overall, 5.2% of patients had DVT, 1.4% PE, and 1.3% died. Patients who received DOACs were less likely to develop DVT (1.8% vs 6.9%, p Conclusions In patients with nonoperative pelvic fractures, DOACs were associated with a reduced rate of DVT vs LMWH without increasing the risk of bleeding complications. No association was found between the type of thromboprophylactic agent and rates of PE or in-hospital mortality.
Ivan IV’s Reconciliation with the “Devil in a Skirt”

A re-examination of Ivan IV’s donations to support his aunt Evfrosin’ia Staritskaia’s household (obikhod) and convent after he forced her to take religious vows in 1563 sheds new light on both the Russian elite diet and commemoration practices in the second half of the 16th century.
Understanding the moral economics of occupational engagement

ABSTRACTOccupational science scholars continue to debate the conceptualization of and processes related to occupational engagement. Despite active acknowledgement of the hierarchical and situated n...
Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: Dual-Energy Approaches

Thanks to its power to exclude significant coronary artery stenosis in patients with low and intermediate coronary artery disease (CAD) risk profiles, coronary CT angiography (CCTA) has become an integral part of the non-invasive diagnostic work up for the anatomic evaluation of the coronary arteries in patients with suspected CAD. Nevertheless, CCTA remains a morphological technique and the hemodynamic relevance of coronary stenosis is not adequately predicted by purely anatomical tests. Computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (CTMPI) offers the possibility to directly detect the presence of perfusion defects in the myocardium following the administration of pharmacological stressing agent. This emerging technology has the potential to become the stand-alone method for the evaluation of patients with suspected CAD using a single imaging modality, and within a single imaging session. This chapter will provide an overview of dual-energy CTPMI.
Cardiovascular complications of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

2568Background: Cardiac toxicity has largely been underestimated toxicity of checkpoint inhibitors. There have been several cases of myocarditis and fatal heart failure reported in patients treated...
Drying, Shrinkage, and Cracking of Cementitious Materials

Concrete is a heterogeneous, reactive, viscoelastic material whose shrinkage during drying often results in cracking that compromises its durability. This paper reviews the principles of shrinkage and stress development during drying of cement paste and concrete, taking particular account of the changes in microstructure as the cement hydrates, which profoundly influence the transport and mechanical properties of the body.
Microsomal activation, and SH-SY5Y cell toxicity studies of tremetone and 6-hydroxytremetone isolated from rayless goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) and white snakeroot (Agertina altissima), respectively.

Abstract This research compared the cytotoxic actions of the benzofuran ketone, tremetone in B16 murine melanoma cells to SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with an MTT assay. Tremetone was not cytotoxic in B16 cells. In SH-SY5Y cells, concentration-dependent tremetone cytotoxicity occurred without microsomal activation. No cytotoxicity was observed with 6-hydroxytremetone. This suggests that SH-SY5Y cells are a better model for the cytotoxic actions of tremetone and that tremetone is toxic without microsomal activation.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Biofuel-Relevant Microalga Desmodesmus armatus

ABSTRACT A draft genome of 906 scaffolds of 115.8 Mb was assembled for Desmodesmus armatus, a diploid, lipid- and storage carbohydrate-accumulating microalga proven relevant for large-scale, outdoor cultivation, and serves as a model alga platform for improving photosynthetic efficiency and carbon assimilation for next-generation bioenergy production.
The Lived Experience of Marriage and Family Therapy Doctoral Graduates: A Phenomenological Study

This qualitative study was conducted with nine individuals who have successfully completed a Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT) doctoral program. A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was employed...
Rapid Assessment of Disaster Impacts on Highways Using Social Media

AbstractA timely and reliable assessment of disaster impacts on highways is desired for executing evacuations, providing emergency services, and planning relief and recovery activities in disaster ...
The Pathobiology of Pig-to-Primate Xeno.: A Historical Review

The immunologic barriers to successful xenotransplantation are related to the presence of natural anti-pig antibodies in humans and nonhuman primates that bind to antigens expressed on the transplanted pig organ (the most important of which is galactose-α1,3-galactose [Gal]) and activate the complement cascade, which results in rapid destruction of the graft, a process known as hyperacute rejection. High levels of elicited anti-pig IgG may develop if the adaptive immune response is not prevented by adequate immunosuppressive therapy, resulting in activation and injury of the vascular endothelium. The transplantation of organs and cells from pigs that do not express the important Gal antigen (α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout [GTKO] pigs) and express one or more human complement-regulatory proteins (hCRP, e.g., CD46, CD55), when combined with an effective costimulation blockade-based immunosuppressive regimen, prevents early antibody-mediated and cellular rejection. However, low levels of anti-nonGal antibody and innate immune cells and/or platelets may initiate the development of a thrombotic microangiopathy in the graft that may be associated with a consumptive coagulopathy in the recipient. This pathogenic process is accentuated by the dysregulation of the coagulation–anticoagulation systems between pigs and primates. The expression on GTKO/hCRP pigs of a human coagulation-regulatory protein, e.g., thrombomodulin, is increasingly being associated with prolonged pig graft survival in nonhuman primates.
Head Start educators’ conceptions of early childhood mathematics teaching and learning

Given the recent attention on early childhood mathematics education, it is important to understand how early childhood educators conceptualize the work of mathematics teaching and learning. This ar...
Placement of mmWave Base Stations for Serving Urban Drone Corridors

As the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in various commercial, civil, and military applications increases, it becomes important to study the design of aerial drone corridors that can support multiple simultaneous UAV missions. In this work, we study the placement of base stations (BSs) to serve aerial drone corridors while satisfying specific UAV mission requirements, such as the geometrical waypoints for the UAV to fly through and the minimum data rate to be supported along the mission trajectory. We develop a mathematical model of the drone corridor and propose a brute force algorithm that leverages A* search to meet the quality of service (QoS) requirements of the corridor by choosing the minimal set of BS locations from a pre-determined initial set. Using raytracing simulations, BS placement results are presented for various antenna array sizes in a dense urban region in East Manhattan. It was found that, for the scenario under consideration, a single BS equipped with an 8x8 antenna array is sufficient to satisfy the given QoS requirements of the corridor, while two BSs are required when using 4x4 antenna arrays.
On some aspects of material behavior relating microstructure and ultrasonic higher harmonic generation

This article investigates some important aspects of material behavior responsible for acoustic nonlinearity. Even though the discussion is based on a specific constitutive model used for studying higher harmonic generation, the conclusions drawn are valid in a general context. Three aspects of material behavior, namely tension–compression asymmetry, shear-normal coupling and deformation induced anisotropy are presented. The role of each in the generation of higher harmonics along with the plausible microstructural features that contribute to such behavior is discussed. First and foremost, tension–compression asymmetry is identified to cause second (even) harmonic generation in materials. Then shear-normal coupling is identified to cause generation of secondary waves of different polarity than the primary waves. In addition, deformation induced anisotropy due to the presence of residual stress/strain and its contribution to acoustic nonlinearity is qualitatively discussed. Meso-scale modeling aspects to accurately predict the effect of microstructure on higher harmonic generation are emphasized throughout.
Measurement benchmarks or “real” benchmarking?: An examination of current perspectives

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the current perceptions of company employees regarding the use and understanding of the terms “benchmark” as in performance measurement and “benchmarking” as in measurement followed by identification of best practices for improvement.Design/methodology/approach – A brief review of the literature from various industries is summarized on this issue, and then related to the research question. A qualitative research study is used to examine the perceptions of 42 participants who were primarily full‐time employees at companies in the New York metropolitan area pursuing a part‐time graduate business degree.Findings – The hypothesis is supported by the literature and the research findings that there is indeed a misunderstanding between the commonly used terms relating to performance measurement benchmarks and true benchmarking where identification of process leaders is only the first step in a complete process that then identifies best practices to be adapted.Res...
Nucleic Acids: Chemical Shifts

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 DNA Oligomers 3 13C and 15N Shifts 4 Temperature Dependence of 13C Shifts 5 Issues with RNA 6 15N Sites as Structural Indicators 7 Conclusions 8 Biographical Sketch Related Articles
DENZO and SCALEPACK

This chapter describes the analysis of raw diffraction data, used to produce scaled and merged diffraction amplitudes. The general description of the process is provided within the context of how it is performed in the programs DENZO and SCALEPACK. The data analysis determines many parameters of the diffraction experiment that impact the quality of the final result, providing a flexible and robust approach to problems encountered by crystallographers. Topics covered include: diffraction from a perfect crystal lattice; autoindexing; coordinate systems; experimental assumptions; prediction of the diffraction pattern; detector diagnostics; multiplicative corrections (scaling); global or post refinement; and control through a graphical interface.
Object placement in parallel object-oriented database systems

Parallelism is a viable solution to constructing high performance object-oriented database systems. In parallel systems based on a shared-nothing architecture, the database is horizontally declustered across multiple processors, enabling the system to employ multiple processors to speedup the execution time of a query. The placement of objects across the processors has a significant impact on the performance of queries that traverse a few objects. The paper describes and evaluates a greedy algorithm for the placement of objects across the processors of a system. Moreover, it describes two alternative availability strategies and quantifies their performance tradeoff using a trace-driven simulation study. >
Filamentary model of vibronic spectra of YBa2Cu3O6.95

Ellipsometric synchrotron spectroscopy of YBCO provides persuasive evidence supporting the Phillips-Jung (PJ) filamentary nanodomain model of the electronic structure of high-temperature superconductors (HTSCs). The PJ model is part of a universal off-lattice topological platform that explains the origin of the intermediate phase that is responsible for high-temperature superconductivity, the stiffness transition and reversibility window in network glasses, and the folding transitions of proteins. In HTSCs it is both more specific and more general than descriptions based on conventional collective modes related to charge-density waves.
Reverse engineering gene regulatory networks

Complex networks of genes, proteins, and small molecules interact to determine cellular function. The reverse engineering or inference of gene regulatory networks using DNA sequence data, protein–DNA binding data, and observed molecular abundance data has become a major interest of the biological community. We discuss recent successes and remaining challenges in the construction of gene network models and their use for gaining biological insight. We draw lessons from the detailed discussion of several recent gene network inference studies, focusing on the novel advances and limitations of each approach. These approaches differ in the strategies used to incorporate biological data, the level of physical detail and type of model used, and the purpose of the modeling in terms of biological discovery. The approaches we discuss aim to gain insights into the logic of combinatorial regulation occurring at a gene promoter, the activity of regulatory factors distinct from their abundance, the identification of key regulators in a gene network, and the prediction of drug compound mode of action. We suggest possibilities for future directions in network inference studies. Keywords: network; inference; model; reverse engineering; system identification; systems biology; computational biology; gene regulation; interaction
Design optimization of a limited angle voice coil actuator for use in a wire bonding application

The design optimization of a limited angle voice coil actuator is described in this paper. The actuator's function is to position an ultrasonic transducer that will produce gold interconnections, with wire, between semiconductor devices and substrates. The tip of the transducer carries a capillary that must accelerate in excess of 50G, yet still control the touchdown velocity to within 5 mm/s. The actuator is designed to maximize the force/mass while the moving coil must balance the inertia of the rotary system around the pivot spring bearing. A simulated annealing based constrained optimization technique is employed in the design, along with magnetic lumped parameter and finite element analyses which are used for the motor simulation.
Modal space-time channel decomposition for dynamic resource allocation in wireless networks

In mobile wireless networks, dynamic allocation of power and bandwidth must respond to changes in the quality of the wireless link in addition to changes in traffic conditions. A key stumbling block in accounting for the quality of the wireless link is accurate yet tractable modeling of the time-varying channel characteristics. We introduce a framework for dynamic resource allocation in code-division multiple access (CDMA) systems based on the notion of canonical space-time modes (CSTMs). The CSTMs are defined by fixed space-time basis waveforms that correspond to a fundamental sampling of multipath delays, Doppler shifts, and spatial angles encountered during propagation. The CSTMs decompose the dispersive wireless channel into nondispersive virtual channels, each providing a fraction of the overall bandwidth. We consider rate and bit error rate as the Quality-of-Service (QoS) parameters. The QoS requirements are accommodated by distributing the CSTMs between different streams in proportion to their rates and adjusting the powers in the CSTMs according to the required bit error rates. The performance of this simple resource allocation strategy is compared for various CSTM-based CDMA transceiver structures.
Database partitioning techniques to support reload in a main memory database system: MARS

The authors examine the effect of different partitioning techniques on the MMDB (main memory database) reload problem in terms of the number of I/Os for reload and number of MM references during transaction processing. The best technique is the one that yields the minimum overall cost with regard to both properties. It is shown that horizontal and single vertical partitioning are actually the only possible candidates. Physical vertical never yields the best result. In some very rare cases, group vertical outperforms the other techniques. If the database system encountered performs more selections than projections and joins, and more tuple modifications or tuple deletions than tuple insertions, then horizontal is the best technique. Otherwise, single vertical is the chosen technique. It is also shown that, if reload is the only concern, that is, if the transaction performance is not taken into account, then single vertical is always the best choice. >
Out in the cold: physiological capacity influences behaviour in deer mice

Summary 1Understanding the links between physiological performance and fitness is key to predicting the responses of individuals to environmental change, especially that imposed by climate. Of particular interest are traits linked with metabolic performance. In particular, maximal metabolic rate (MMR; which describes the upper limit to heat production) and basal metabolic rate (BMR; which describes the lower limit to heat production for a normothermic endotherm) are important causal mechanisms that determine the physiological limits for activity under cold conditions. 2Previous work with deer mice has shown important links between maximal metabolic performance and activity. Selection for elevated MMRs was detected in nature, and higher rates of above-ground activity during periods of cold were associated with elevated MMRs. Here, we investigate further the links between activity and elevated MMRs. 3We conducted a laboratory study to test whether BMR or MMR was correlated with activity and foraging behaviour of deer mice exposed to a series of cold temperatures (–5, –10 and –15 °C). Each mouse had access to a warm nest box, but needed to enter a cold environmental chamber to access food, ice chips and a running wheel. Behaviours were monitored for 2 days under these experimental conditions. Prior to the experimental trials, BMR and MMR were measured. MMR was also measured after the trials. 4The amount of time that mice spent active in the cold was negatively correlated with ambient temperature. The duration of activity per bout (when mice were out of the nest box) decreased at colder temperatures, but the number of bouts did not. The total duration of activity and duration per bout increased with an individual's MMR and change in MMR over the course of the experiment. Body mass decreased at colder temperatures, and mice with higher MMR and greater increases in MMR consumed more food. 5Our study suggests that mice with high MMR, or a capacity to increase MMR may be best able to tolerate cold environments. Thus, physiological capacity and behaviour can influence each other in response to environmental conditions. 6Integrative studies between behaviour and physiology in an ecological context provide greater understanding of the potential responses of organisms to environmental change. With respect to climate, such responses will depend either on the ability of individuals to induce plastic (or acclamatory) responses to environmental stressors or on the structure of genetic variation for physiological traits within a particular population. Although, some effort has been directed at understanding the evolutionary significance of metabolic traits (particularly with respect to heritabilities), we suggest that priority should be given to studies that explicitly address the mechanistic links between physiology and fitness in light of ongoing climate change.
Conceptualizing Resiliency: An Interactional Perspective for Community and Youth Development

In Europe and in America there is a growing recognition of the need for theory, research, and applied programs that contribute to both community and youth resiliency. This article seeks to build on previous theory and literature to provide a conceptual framework for understanding the mechanisms for linking community and youth resiliency. Included is a review of youth development literature focusing on social networks, social support and the merging of these with community literature emphasizing adaptive capacities and resiliency. The literature and conceptual framework increases our understanding of the interrelationship between youth and community resiliency. From this, future research and applied program and policy that simultaneously shape youth and community adaptive capacities can emerge.
STRUCTURE OF THE CANINE ESOPHAGUS AND ITS SPHINCTERS.

Summary The complete esophagus of each of nine dogs was examined serially by histologic techniques. The change from squamous epithelium to columnar epithelium of a gastric pattern occurs in the esophagus and the latter form lines the last 1 to 2 cm. of it. The esophageal muscle wall is composed of two layers of skeletal muscle fibers running in spiral fashion, except at the lower end, where their directions become more specifically circular and longitudinal. No special pharyngoesophageal sphincter was demonstrated. An anatomic gastroesophageal sphincter is present in the last 1 to 2 cm. of the esophageal tube and is composed of circularly disposed smooth muscle. The myenteric plexus is present in the whole length of the esophagus. Ganglion cells occur in almost the whole extent of the plexus, but are very scanty in the upper third. Ganglion cells were not seen in our sections of the region of the gastroesophageal sphincter. No submucosal plexus is present in the esophagus. No anatomic basis was found for the feeble contractions frequently observed in a zone of the upper part of the esophagus.
A search for lunar sodium

A search of the Moon for traces of sodium vapor similar to that found on Mercury was made with a multiprism spectroscope. The results were negative. Eine Untersuchung der Mondatmosphare auf Spuren von Natriumdampf, vergleichbar denen auf dem Merkur, wurde mit einem Multiprismen-Spektroskop durchgefuhrt. Das Ergebnis war negativ.
Frentizole therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus

Seven corticosteroid dependent patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were given frentizole in order to assess its effect on their clinical manifestations. Three patients exhibited slight clinical improvement, 2 patients did not change, and 2 deteriorated. Five of the 7 patients developed subclinical and reversible liver damage related to frentizole. This study, although preliminary and uncontrolled, suggests that frentizole is of limited value in the management of patients with SLE.
Ionized Electron Centers in Alkali Halide Crystals

New optical-absorption bands in alkali halide crystals are attributed to transitions of ionized $F$-aggregate centers. These bands are produced by cooling crystals containing $F$-aggregate centers to liquid-helium temperature and exposing them first to x rays and then to near-ultraviolet light. The x-ray exposure introduces trapped-hole centers, namely, ${V}_{K}$ and $H$. Optical excitation at the spectral region of the overlapping ${V}_{K}$ and $H$ bands results in a decrease of both $F$-aggregate center and ${V}_{K}\ensuremath{-}H$ absorption, and the production of the new bands in the near infrared. In KCl and KBr containing $M$ centers, the $M$ band transforms with a fixed ratio to bands at 1.40 and 1.49 \ensuremath{\mu}, respectively. This ratio is also maintained in the restoration of the $M$ band with subsequent $F$-light exposure. When optical dichroism is initially present in the $M$ bands, the same dichroism appears in the new bands following the transformation process. These bands have been indentified as transitions of the ${{F}_{2}}^{+}$ center. For crystals containing $R$ centers, a one-to-one correspondence of $R$ bands with a new near-infrared band attributed to the ${{F}_{3}}^{+}$ center is similarly observed. In KCl this band strongly overlaps the spectral position of the ${N}_{1}$ and at 0.96 \ensuremath{\mu}. In KBr the ${{F}_{3}}^{+}$ transition lies at 1.02 \ensuremath{\mu} and is clearly resolved from the ${N}_{1}$ band which apparently peaks at 1.07 \ensuremath{\mu}. There is evidence to indicate that ${{F}_{3}}^{+}$ centers are also produced at room temperature as a result of either x-ray exposure of a virgin crystal or bleaching with $F$ light of an additively colored crystal. For KCl and KBr crystals containing relatively large $R$ and $N$ bands, x-ray and near-uv exposure also results in the production of additional bands. First, a new absorption band is superimposed on the ${{F}_{2}}^{+}$ transition. The origin of this band is not known. Second, a band forms at 1.67 \ensuremath{\mu} in KCl and 1.80 \ensuremath{\mu} in KBr in crystals containing an ${N}_{1}$ band enhanced by annealing an additively colored crystal at 85\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. This band is tentatively ascribed to the singly ionized ${N}_{1}$ center, ${{N}_{1}}^{+}$.
Two half-space problems based on a synthetic-kernel model of the linearized Boltzmann equation

Abstract An analytical discrete-ordinates method is used to solve two basic half-space problems based on a new synthetic-kernel model of the linearized Boltzmann equation. In particular, Kramers’ problem and the half-space problem of thermal creep, both basic to the general area of rarefied-gas dynamics, are defined by model equations that are solved (essentially) analytically in terms of a modern version of the discrete-ordinates method. The developed algorithms are implemented to yield numerical results for the slip coefficients and the velocity and heat-flow profiles that compare well with solutions derived from much more computationally intensive techniques.
Evaluation and referral for child maltreatment in pediatric poisoning victims.

Abstract Objective Although the majority of poisonings in young children are due to exploratory ingestions and might be prevented through improved caregiver supervision, the circumstances that warrant evaluation for suspected maltreatment and referral to Child Protective Services (CPS) are unclear. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine the percentage and characteristics of young poisoning victims who were evaluated for child maltreatment by the hospital team (social work and/or child protection team) and/or referred to CPS. Methods Retrospective study of poisoning victims Results Among 928 poisonings, 41% were from household products, 20% from over-the-counter drugs, 7% from prescription narcotics/sedatives, 29% from other prescription drugs, and ≤1% each from ethanol, illicit drugs, or other substances. Most children were asymptomatic (69%) or stable (28%); 3% were critically ill. Only 13% were evaluated by the hospital team and 4% were referred to CPS. Demographic characteristics were not associated with referral to CPS. Higher clinical severity was associated with increased referral (p Conclusions Evaluations and referrals to CPS for maltreatment are uncommon in young poisoning victims. Referrals occurred consistently for illicit drugs but not ethanol. Although referrals were more likely for higher severity poisonings, it is unclear if the severity of poisoning is associated with the level of supervisory neglect or a marker of ongoing risk to the child. These findings suggest the need to identify risk factors for ongoing harm and the development of clinical guidelines used to determine which poisoning victims should be referred to Child Protective Services.
Switching the flip : protein phosphatase roles in signaling pathways

Protein phosphatases are the obligate partners of protein kinases in cellular control circuitry. Several specific roles of phosphatases have been revealed in plant systems through recent work capitalizing on functional genomics, interaction screens and activation-tagging approaches. Historically, the redundancy of genes that encode phosphatase functions has impeded genetic analysis in plant systems, and relatively few elucidated signaling pathways include protein phosphatases that have clearly defined substrates. Functional genomics, interaction and suppression screens, activation tagging and phosphoproteomics now hold great promise for identifying phosphatases that are active in signaling and regulation, and for revealing their in vivo substrates. This level of analysis will be essential for a full understanding of the effects of reversible protein phosphorylation in modulating and integrating cellular activities.
Measurement of the factor content of foreign trade with traded intermediate goods

Abstract In a recent article, Helpman (1984) develops readily testable bilateral restrictions in a model of international trade which preserves the spirit of Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory. Important in any empirical exploration of the Heckscher-Ohlin model is the decision of whether to employ direct or direct-plus-indirect calculations in determining the factor content of trade. This paper extends Helpman's analysis to a world of freely traded intermediate goods, and shows that direct factor content calculations are the theoretically appropriate measure for use in evaluating these empirical implications of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.
High Performance Low Swing Clock Tree Synthesis with Custom D Flip-Flop Design

Low swing clocking is a low power design methodology that scales the clock voltage to decrease power consumption of the clock distribution networks, with an expected degradation in the performance. In this work, a novel low swing clock tree synthesis methodology is combined with a custom low swing clock-aware D flip-flop (DFF) design. The low swing clocking serves to reduce the power dissipation whereas the custom low swing-aware DFF serves to preserve the performance of the IC. The experimental results performed on the three largest circuits of ISCAS'89 benchmarks operating at 1GHz in the 32nm technology show that the proposed methodology can achieve an average of 16% power savings in the clock tree compared to its full swing counterpart, while satisfying the same clock skew (50ps) and slew (150ps) constraints at the worst case corner of operation. Moreover, the clock-to-output delay of the low swing DFF does not increase compared to traditional full swing DFF, while consuming only 1% more power.
Determination of Trace Elements in Drugs by Neutron Activation Analysis

Results of determinations of trace elements in drugs by neutron activation analysis are presented for more than 150 samples including inorganics, salicylates, steroids, vitamins, antibiotics, and chlorinated compounds. Trace elements found include aluminum, antimony, arsenic, bromine, chlorine, copper, gallium, manganese, mercury, scandium, sodium, and thorium.
M-Shell Auger and Coster-Kronig Electron Spectra

Individual-term electron transition rates for initial $L$-shell holes are presented in $j\ensuremath{-}j$ coupling. Comparison with experimental-term intensities are made for platinum, tellurium, uranium, argon, and krypton. For the latter two elements agreement is poor. Comparison with experiment indicates some prominent peaks in the uranium ${L}_{2}$ Coster-Kronig spectrum are improperly identified.
Psychiatric disorders among foreign-born and US-born Asian-Americans in a US national survey.

Background Among Hispanics, Non-Hispanic Whites and Non-Hispanic Blacks studies have found lower risk for psychiatric disorders among the foreign-born than among the US-born. We examine the association of nativity and risk for psychiatric disorder in a national sample of the Asian-American (AA) population.
Maintenance of patency of central venous access devices by registered nurses in an acute ambulatory setting: an evidence utilisation project.

AbstractAimThe aim of the project was to implement the best practice for the maintenance of patency for central venous access devices by registered nurses in an acute ambulatory setting.MethodThis project utilised the Joanna Briggs Institute Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Gett
Expression of pyruvate kinase in astrocytes induced to differentiate in vitro.

Astrocytes maintained in a chemically defined media undergo differentiation and a parallel increase in pyruvate kinase specific activity. These changes are accompanied by a shift in the isoelectrofocusing pattern, but not by expression of pyruvate kinase M4 the characteristic adult rat brain isozyme. Thus, this chemically defined media lacks a substance required to induce pyruvate kinase M synthesis and this function can be uncoupled from other aspects of cellular differentiation. The uncoupling of pyruvate kinase maturation from cellular differentiation and the observation of only a single, 2.3 kilobase, pyruvate kinase mRNA molecule at different stages of the postnatal development of rat brain support the concept that the K- to M-isoform transformation is a posttranscriptional event. The effect of the individual components of this chemically defined medium on pyruvate kinase specific activity was studied by eliminating one component at a time. The increase in activity was found to be completely dependent upon fibroblastic growth factor and prostaglandin F2α and was partially dependent on the simultaneous presence of insulin.
The brightness distribution of the product of two partially correlated speckle patterns

Abstract The probability density function and moments of the product of two partially correlated speckle patterns are evaluated.
Oxygen diffusion across a sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) egg shell

Abstract 1. 1. The egg shell and outer membrane of the turtle egg have a mean diffusion coefficient K of 6·59 × 10−6 cm3 STP sec−1 cm−2 mm Hg−1. 2. 2. This coefficient is approximately twice that of the chick egg shell and outer shell membrane.
High sensitivity in particle beam mass spectrometry with a non-volatile electrolyte

Abstract In the investigation of the anodic oxidation of triphenylamine (TPA) by electrochemistry/particle beam mass spectrometry (EC/PB/MS), the presence of a non-volatile organic electrolyte tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) caused a significant MS signal enhancement of the TPA + ion. The magnitude of the signal enhancement was ca. 35-fold and was observed in the presence of 10/1 excess of TBAP. While the mobile phase additives have been frequently used in PB/LC/MS analysis to enhance analyte signal, the use of a non-volatile surface-active organic salt as a mobile phase additive, to enhance the signal of a neutral analyte, has not been reported. The present work demonstrates that in addition to the well-known improved mass transport of the analyte through the PB interface, the presence of TBAP also contributes to the reduced fragmentation of the analyte molecular ion, TPA + , in the EI ion source; this effect also contributes to the observed signal enhancement. This is the first report about the effect of the mobile phase additive on the EI mass spectrum of the analyte. In addition, it is demonstrated that the concentration ratio of TBAP/TPA plays a critical role in the signal enhancement process. Best linearity, sensitivity and reproducibility of the calibration curves are obtained by keeping the TBAP/TPA ratio constant near an optimum value during calibrations.
Extended Mo-Nb Bonds in K5.3Mo9.2Nb0.8O30—A Molybdenum Bronze with the Tetragonal (I) Tungsten Bronze Structure

K[sub 5.3]Mo[sub 9.2]Nb[sub 0.8]O[sub 30] crystallizes in the tetragonal system, space group P4/mbm. The unit cell dimensions are a = 12.5591(9) [angstrom], c = 3.976(1) [angstrom], V = 627.2(2) [angstrom][sup 3], and Z = 1. The structure was refined to R = 0.021, R[sub w] = 0.032, with 321 observed reflections (I > 3 [sigma](I)) and 51 variable parameters. The structure of K[sub 5.3]Mo[sub 9.2]Nb[sub 0.8]O[sub 30] is of the tetragonal (I) tungsten bronze type with Nb partially occupying the trigonal interstitial sites forming infinite zigzag chains of Nb-Mo bonds along the crystallographic c-axis. 24 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.
Creating technology-enriched classrooms: implementational challenges in Turkish education

This paper provides an overview of the status of educational technology in Turkey. In the face of severe social and economic challenges, many developing nations, including Turkey, are looking to education as a potential remedy. Recognizing that in an increasingly technology-dependent world, information and communications technology skills and knowledge are critical in order to compete in the global marketplace, Turkey is firmly committed not only to improving its education system, but also to incorporating the use of educational technologies into the instructional strategy and curriculum used in schools. This is a critical initiative because, as research shows, technology-enriched educational environments can provide students with significantly expanded learning opportunities, which are linked with increased levels of academic achievement. However, like many other developing countries, Turkey is struggling to overcome a number of serious barriers to full technology integration at the classroom level, the ...
NFAT4 Is Required for JC Virus Infection of Glial Cells

The human polyomavirus JC virus (JCV) infects 70% of the population worldwide. In immunosuppressed patients, JCV infection can lead to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The majority of PML cases occur in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and it has been suggested that the link between HIV and the development of PML is in part related to the production of numerous cytokines in the CNS during HIV infection. To examine the link between the expression of inflammatory cytokines and JCV infection, we tested an anti-inflammatory compound, cyclosporine A (CsA), for its ability to block JCV infection of glial cells. We found that CsA inhibited JCV infection by preventing the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells 4 (NFAT4). Luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that NFAT4 directly bound the JCV promoter during infection and was important for the activation of both early and late transcription. In addition, the expression of the JCV early viral gene products increased NFAT activity to further aid viral transcription. The necessity of NFAT for JCV infection suggests that calcium signaling and the activation of NFAT in glial cells are required for JCV infection of the CNS.
Conformational stability of epifluorohydrin from temperature dependent FT-IR spectra of xenon solutions and ab initio calculations

Abstract The mid-infrared spectra (3200–400 cm −1 ) of epifluorohydrin (fluoromethyloxirane), c-OCH 2 CH(CH 2 F), dissolved in liquid krypton and xenon as a function of temperature (150–55°C) have been recorded. Utilizing several conformer pairs, the enthalpy differences have been determined between the most stable gauche -1 conformer and the other two less stable conformers. These experimental data show that the second most stable conformer is the cis rotamer and the least stable is the gauche -2 form. Utilizing conformer bands at 772 ( gauche -1), 807 ( gauche -2), and 953 ( cis ) cm −1 and appropriate van't Hoff plots the following enthalpy differences were obtained: Δ H ( gauche -1 to cis )=45±6 cm −1 and Δ H ( gauche -1 to gauche -2)=135±5 cm −1 . Using the cis band at 755 cm −1 gave similar results. However, the predicted intensities from the ab initio calculations combined with the peak intensities utilizing all the temperatures gave a Δ H ( gauche -1 to cis ) of 132±24 cm −1 and a Δ H ( gauche -1 to gauche -2) of 153±16 cm −1 , where the former value appears to be too large. Structural parameters obtained from the MP2/6-311++G** calculations are in excellent agreement with the previously proposed parameters with the exception of the carbon–hydrogen stretches. The wavenumbers of the fundamentals for all three conformers are predicted to be better than 10 cm −1 on average from the MP2/6-31G* calculations with a single scaling factor of 0.9. Complete vibrational assignments are given for all three conformers. These results are compared with the corresponding quantities for some similar molecules.
Lab-on-a-chip devices

Display Omitted We review two main challenges of microfluidics technology: sealing and interfacing.These are crucial for commercialization and wide-spread use of microfluidics.We review well-established techniques as well as recent state-of-the-art methods.We discuss both research and commercial activities.We provide up-to-date examples for each technology discussed. Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices are broadly used for research in the life sciences and diagnostics and represent a very fast moving field. LOC devices are designed, prototyped and assembled using numerous strategies and materials but some fundamental trends are that these devices typically need to be (1) sealed, (2) supplied with liquids, reagents and samples, and (3) often interconnected with electrical or microelectronic components. In general, closing and connecting to the outside world these miniature labs remain a challenge irrespectively of the type of application pursued. Here, we review methods for sealing and connecting LOC devices using standard approaches as well as recent state-of-the-art methods. This review provides easy-to-understand examples and targets the microtechnology/engineering community as well as researchers in the life sciences.
Regional Wage Gaps and the Settlement of the Midwest

Abstract Archival data are used to measure the evolution of the gap in real wages between the Midwest and the Northeastern United States between 1820 and 1860. Real wages were initially higher in the Midwest, but converged on the Northeastern level as the Midwest's share of the Northern labor force increased. The new data shed light on an old question in American economic history—why did the labor force reallocate toward the Midwest before the Civil War when per capita incomes were higher in the Northeast?
Synthesis and structural characterization of the yttrium(III)-polyalcohol complexes: [Y{(HOCH2)3CCH3}2Cl2]Cl·MeOH, [Y{(HOCH2)3CN(CH2CH2OH)2}Cl2(MeOH)]Cl and [Y{(HOCH2)3CCH3}2(NO3)(H2O)](NO3)2

Abstract The reactions of YCl3 with the polyalcohols (HOCH2)3CCH3 and (HOCH2)3CN(CH2CH2OH)2 in MeOH yielded [Y{(HOCH2-O3CCH3}2Cl2]Cl·MeOH (1) and [Y{(HOCH2)3CN(CH2CH2OH)2}Cl2(MeOH)]Cl (2), respectively. Similarly, the reaction of Y(NO3)3 with (HOCH2)3CCH3 in ethanol gave [Y{(HOCH2)3CCH3}Cl2(NO3)2 (3). In all cases, the ligands are present in the alcohol form rather than the alkoxy form. Crystal data: C11H28O7Cl3Y (1): orthorhombic Pna21, a = 9.218(1), b = 23.501(3), c = 9.222(1) A , V = 1997.8(9) A 3 , Z = 4 . C9H23O6NCl3Y (2), triclinic P 1 , a = 8.859(3), b = 14.336(4), c = 6.975(2) A , α = 103.85(1), β = 105.02(2), λ = 96.10(2)°, V = 817.3(4) A 3 , Z = 2 ; C10H26O16N3Y, monoclinic P21/c, a = 9.354(2), b = 11.750(3), c = 19.7211(4) A , β = 95.87(1)°, V = 2156.2(9) A 3 , Z = 4 .