cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On induced double nucleon emission. I the general formalism

Abstract A general formalism is described in terms of a partial wave analysis for two-nucleon potential scattering to treat the final state interaction between the emitted nucleon pair and the residual nucleus occuring in the high-energy photo-effect (γ, NN) and for the absorption (π−, NN) of a bound pion inducing the emission of a nucleon pair. Energy distribution and angular correlation rates are studied.
Remoción del potencial reproductivo por efecto de la pesca: el caso del camarón nailon (Heterocarpus reedi Bahamonde, 1955 )

Se propone un procedimiento numerico para calcular la remocion relativa del potencial reproductivo, por efecto de la pesca, y la desviacion estandar asociada. La metodologia de calculo del estadistico de dispersion, sugerida aqui, es una forma parametrica del metodo de remuestreo bootstrap. El procedimiento es aplicado a datos de hembras de camaron nailon (Heterocarpus reedi) desembarcadas en la zona de Valparaiso, entre 1969-74 y 1992-93. Se determina el periodo de maxima remocion del potencial reproductivo entre junio y septiembre (200.000 a 400.000 huevos por cada 100 hembras capturadas). Por otro lado, se estima que la remocion provocada en el reclutamiento de 1996, por efecto de la pesca de hembras oviferas dos anos antes, sera la mas alta de los 10 ultimos anos, lo cual se debiera ver reflejado por una baja proporcion de la 2a clase anual en los desembarques de 1996
Social assumptions as a context for science: Some reflections on psychology and education

This essay examines a set of traditional social assumptions that have strongly influenced the direction of American educational psychology. These assumptions are that (a) biological factors provide the primary explanations for human behavior and (b) individual rather than social factors explain the differences that exist among people. These assumptions are most evident in developmental and differential psychology, the branches of psychology most directly linked with education. The assumptions themselves, however, tend to contradict the notion that the educational process can significantly alter human development. By contrast, experimental psychology does not reflect these biological and individualist assumptions, but historically this branch of psychology has not had a consistent influence on education. The implications of these assumptions on psychology's ability to improve education arc noted, and the possible effects of current social changes on the future of psychology in education are discussed.
Control of foam formation by antifoam during demineralization of crustacean shell in preparation of chitin

The effects of antifoam on the control of foam formation during the demineralization of crab shell in the preparation of chitin were evaluated. Foam formation was markedly controlled by addition of antifoam and decreased with increasing antifoam concentrations. At 1.00 mL of antifoam/L of 1 N HCl, the performance of antifoam was more efficient during demineralization with smaller shell particle size (<0.425 mm) and under a slightly faster stirring speed (300 rpm). Deproteinization followed by demineralization was found to be a more desirable process on the basis of the performance of the antifoam at a lower concentration. Antifoam effectively controlled foam formation during demineralization with deproteinized shell even at a low concentration of 0.33 mL of antifoam/L of 1 N HCl. Results for ash analysis of the shell demineralized without and with antifoam (1.00 mL/L) showed no noticeable difference. Keywords: Foaming control; antifoam; demineralization; chitin preparation
Species identification by avian neonates: contributory effect of perinatal auditory stimulation.

Summary Chicks and ducklings can discriminate the maternal call of their species in the absence of specific previous experience with the maternal call. Previous auditory stimulation resulting from exposure of the neonate to its own brooding-like call contributes to the responsiveness of chicks and ducklings to the maternal call of their species. However, on the basis of the present experiments, the contribution of the perinatal call to the neonate's attraction to the maternal call of its species is not made via a process akin to stimulus generalization. The auditory perceptual mechanism for species identification is a highly complete one in the sense of directing the neonate's responsiveness to the vocalization of a sibling of its own species in the case where the maternal call of its species is not available. Though previous auditory stimulation from the neonate's own call enhances the functioning of the auditory perceptual mechanism for species identification in ducklings, it is not yet known whether exposure to the perinatal brooding-like call is essential to the establishment (acquisition) of the auditory perceptual mechanism.
Low-Energy Theorem for Compton Scattering

The low-energy theorem for Compton scattering on arbitrary spin targets is derived. Knowledge of the Born term of the amplitude, which is calculated explicitly, enables us to prove Singh's lemma, which allows us to calculate the threshold value of the amplitude from the gauge condition. Every multipole moment of the target is written down explicitly in terms of the low-energy limit of the amplitude. Up to linear order in photon energy $\ensuremath{\omega}$, this theorem becomes a generalization to arbitrary spin of the theorem derived by Low and by Gell-Mann and Goldberger. To describe the spin-nonflip amplitude up to order ${\ensuremath{\omega}}^{2}$, we need two structure-dependent parameters in addition to the charge and magnetic moment.
Inhibition of sulindac metabolism by dimethyl sulfoxide in the rat

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) suppresses conversion of the prodrug sulindac to its bioactive sulfide metabolite (SD) by competitively inhibiting sulfoxide reductase. During continuous iv infusions of sulindac (1 mg/kg‐h), plasma concentrations of SD at steady‐state equilibrium were 80% lower when DMSO was infused concomitantiy at 0.34 ml/kg‐h, whereas sulindac plasma concentrations were not significantly affected by DMSO. Dermal application and intragastric administration of DMSO also inhibited SD accumulation in plasma. DMSO was only a weak inhibitor of SD oxidation in vitro and did not affect the rate of SD elimination in vivo. In contrast, dimethyl sulfide, a metabolite of DMSO, was a potent inhibitor of SD oxidase in vitro. These data suggest that DMSO can inhibit bioactivation and, hence, the antiinflammatory effects of sulindac.
Ultrasonic speeds and isentropic compressibilities of n-alkanol + n-heptane mixtures at 298.15 K☆

Abstract Measurements of ultrasonic speeds were made for binary mixtures of the n -alkanols C 1 to C 6 , C 8 and C 10 with n -heptane over the whole mole fraction range at 298.15 K. Detailed studies were also carried out at high dilutions of the n -alkanols and of n -heptane. Excess isentropic compressibilities ϰ S E were derived from the results. The general pattern of the ϰ S E curves for the series of mixtures is similar to that found previously for their molar excess volumes. However, the ϰ S E curves for the longer n -alkanols exhibit a noticeable tendency to develop a point of inflexion at high alkanol dilutions.
The Ethics of Telepresence: Human Factors Considerations in Preserving Privacy:

The design of telepresence systems is a problem in both ethics and in human factors. Designers have an obligation to provide systems that meet society's needs and wants for surveillance, while preserving as much of its citizens' privacy as possible. The results of two surveys reported in this paper indicate that people have fewer concerns about systems with low-resolution audio and visual capabilities that preserve some level of privacy than they do about high-resolution systems that enable full visual and auditory identification. They also differentiate between uses of surveillance that have more potential impact on their lives (supervisors watching or listening to them at work) than for uses that simply catch them within a space (being watched or listened to in a restaurant). Examining the problems inherent in preserving privacy actually provide the design criteria for ethical telepresence systems.
Rotating clusters: centrifugal distortion, isomerization, fragmentation

The effect of the overall rotation, as characterized by the total angular momentum, on the structure of an Ar13 cluster is studied by using a new technique for separation of the rotational motion from vibrations. No a priori limitation on the degree of nonrigidity of the cluster is imposed. The different structures for different total angular momenta of the cluster are arrived at by a thermal quenching procedure which preserves the overall rotation. It is shown that the centrifugal distortion is anisotropic and it may lead to isomerization transitions and even fragmentation of the cluster.
Quantum-chromodynamic analysis of eN deep-inelastic scattering data

In the context of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), an analysis is presented of a compilation of $\mathrm{eN}$ deepinelastic scattering data taken at SLAC. Included are data for ${F}_{2}^{\mathrm{ep}}$, ${F}_{2}^{\mathrm{ed}}$, ${F}_{2}^{\mathrm{ep}}\ensuremath{-}{F}_{2}^{\mathrm{en}}$, and $R$. The interaction between the logarithmic scaling violation from ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}$ and the power-law scaling violation from higher-twist terms is discussed. This interaction can affect the determination of the parameter $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ and can alter the predictions for the ratios of anomalous dimensions. Furthermore, we show that, in the context of QCD, higher-twist terms may be able to account for the observed value of $R=\frac{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{L}}{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{T}}$ which appears to be anomalously large. Different experiments have made different assumptions for the value of $R$ used in extracting ${F}_{2}$ from their data. We show that these differences can account for the discrepancies in the relative normalizations of ${F}_{2}$ from these experiments and also can have a significant effect on the value of $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ obtained.
Effect of Surfactant Mixtures on Skin Structure and Barrier Properties

We investigated the effect of two commonly studied surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (C12TAB), on skin barrier properties. Using skin conductivity, FT-IR of stratum corneum samples, and penetration of radiolabelled SDS, we determined that addition of C12TAB lowers the ability of SDS to perturb skin’s barrier properties. Ultrafiltration experiments revealed that addition of C12TAB serves to decrease the concentration of monomers and sub-micellar aggregates. None of the measured skin properties including enhancement of skin conductivity, perturbation of lipid structure and skin concentration of SDS correlated with the total SDS concentration in the donor compartment (i.e., the total SDS concentration). However, all these parameters correlated well against the concentration of monomers and sub-micellar aggregates. These findings provide the evidence of the importance of monomer and sub-micellar components in altering skin barrier properties.
Statistical efficiency for the detection of visual noise

Visual detection thresholds were measured for one-dimensional static noise patterns centered at 2 c/deg on a logarithmic scale, for several widths and spatial frequency bandwidths in the presence and absence of a one-dimensional dynamic visual noise mask. Human performance was compared with the ideal observer's performance for the same task. The ideal's contrast thresholds increase with the fourth root of bandwidth. For thresholds measured in the presence and absence of noise, the fourth-root-law for bandwidth fitted the human observers' data from 1 to 6 octaves for a space constant of 2 degrees and from 2 to 6 octaves for a space constant of 0.25 degree. Detection efficiencies were quite high (30-60%) for patterns of 1- and 6-octave bandwidths. These results can be interpreted either in terms of a channel with an adjustable spatial frequency bandwidth or as very efficient combination of information between spatial frequency channels.
ACTH releasing factor active in the guinea pig.

SummaryLysine vasopressin was obtained from commercial pitressin powder by electrophoretic separation. The ACTH releasing activity in the guinea pig and the pressor activity in the cat were compared following various chemical manipulations. Following mild acid and alkaline hydrolysis, iodination, and incubation with placental extract both activities are altered to the same extent. It was concluded that lysine vasopressin causes ACTH release in the guinea pig. This is consistent with the concept that it may be a hypothalamic mediator in this species.
Successful selection for increased longevity in Drosophila: Analysis of the survival data and presentation of a hypothesis on the genetic regulation of longevity

Long lived strains of Drosophila melanogaster have been generated via 25 generations of artificial selection. The mean and the maximum lifespans have been increased both absolutely as well as relative to the controls. The mean lifespan of the selected line now exceeds the maximum lifespan of the controls. The data shows that this increase is entirely accounted for by a genetically based delay in the onset of senescence. Identification and analysis of biomarker data involving reproductive functions supports this interpretation and leads to a suggestion of the processes involved in the lifespan extension. This increase in the duration of the pre-senescent period is under both genetic and environmental control. Senescence itself is not under genetic control and appears to occur stochastically. Selection for decreased longevity was unsuccessful, supporting the concept of a minimum species specific lifespan. A testable hypothesis regarding the biphasic mode of gene regulation of senescence is presented in which a gene-environment interaction takes place in larval life that results in a temporal reprogramming of other, presumably structural, genes which act in adult life at a time prior to the onset of senescence.
A radioautographic study of the transfer of 32P-labeled T2 parental DNA to progeny phages

Experiments were performed to investigate the distribution of parental 32 P-labeled DNA to progeny T2 phages. A radioautographic method was used to render countable the 32 P received by individual progeny. A method, taking approximately 1 hr, of phage purification by adsorption onto and elution from a column was used instead of a more time-consuming differential centrifugation process, to attempt to eliminate high radiation damage as a possible source of artifact. The results found, upon observation of the progeny phage emulsions for the presence of large pieces of parental DNA, did not agree with those originally reported ( Levinthal, 1956 ), showing a more heterogeneous population with a greater disposition to pieces smaller than the 20% piece originally found. From control emulsions of the parental phages, this deviation could not be explained by inefficiency of detection by the emulsions. As would be expected from the heterogeneous distribution, the number of progeny phages containing detectable amounts of parental DNA increases with exposure time. From counting the total number of β -ray tracks in the final distributions obtained, it can be seen that approximately 60 to 80% of the transferred radioactivity appears in the progeny in pieces of less than 4 to 5% of the total parental DNA. An experiment to investigate the effect of an increase in radiation damage by a factor of two to the same parental population prior to infection and transfer showed no significant difference in the two progeny populations obtained.
Clearance studies of methotrexate and 7-hydroxy-methotrexate in rabbits after multiple-dose infusion

The concentration-dependent clearance of methotrexate (MTX) and its metabolite, 7-hydroxy-methotrexate (7-OH-MTX), was demonstrated in 5 rabbits using 7 infusion rates (10.5-323 mg/hr). Mean total body clearance (from 34.3 to 13.1 ml/min) and mean renal clearance (from 25.6 to 7.6 ml/min) of MTX were found to decrease with increasing steady-state plasma concentrations (from 5.1 to 412 micrograms/ml), whereas nonrenal clearances remained relatively constant. An essentially steady-state plasma level of 7-OH-MTX was achieved during each MTX infusion, and its renal clearance also decreased (from 37.3 to 6.5 ml/min) with increasing metabolite levels (from 1.8 to 293 micrograms/ml). Saturable renal tubular secretion appeared operative for both drug and metabolite since their renal clearance (based on the free drug) to inulin clearance ratios were much greater than unity and the ratios were markedly reduced in 2 rabbits after probenecid treatment. Plasma protein binding of MTX (56%) and 7-OH-MTX (49%) were independent of concentrations between 0.1 and 300 micrograms/ml. Negligible MTX metabolism was found in rabbit kidney homogenates, thus validating renal clearance measurement in the present study.
pp32 reduction induces differentiation of TSU-Pr1 cells.

pp32 (ANP32A) is a nuclear phosphoprotein expressed as a nonmutated form in self-renewing cell populations and neoplastic cells. Mechanistically, pp32 may regulate pathways important in the process of differentiation as part of separate complexes inhibiting histone acetylation and regulating immediate-early and cytokine mRNA stability. Prostatic adenocarcinomas express pp32 in a differentiation related manner—well-differentiated tumors express lower levels of pp32 than poorly differentiated tumors. In benign prostate, pp32 is expressed in basal cells but not in terminally differentiated glandular cells. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that reduction of pp32 expression might be an important differentiation signal. We used anti-sense pp32 and RNAi transfection to study the effects of reduced pp32 expression in the TSU-Pr1 carcinoma cell line. pp32 reduction induced TSU-Pr1 cells to differentiate into neuronal-like cells with associated inhibition of growth. Reduction of pp32 and consequent differentiation were accompanied by a marked reduction in expression of SET, which complexes with pp32, by a marked change in acetylation status of histone H4, and by further differential expression of genes in differentiation pathways. Thus, reduction of pp32 in the undifferentiated TSU-Pr1 neoplastic cell line induces differentiation and thus may be an element of a differentiation control pathway in both normal and neoplastic cells.
Minichannels with carbon nanotube structured surfaces for cooling applications

Abstract An experimental study was conducted to determine the heat removal ability of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) grown in a silicon minichannel with water as the cooling medium. Two different devices based on different MWNT architectures – one fully covered with MWNTs and the other with 6 × 12 (rows, columns) of MWNT bundles were tested and compared to a device with no MWNTs. The performance was evaluated based on a constant heat flux applied to the silicon base versus the corresponding silicon base temperature. The experiments were performed at two different volumetric flow rates of 40 ml/min and 80 ml/min. The experimental results were also compared to computational modeling results. It was observed that the presence of MWNTs enhanced the heat removal from the silicon base. For the 6 × 12 MWNT bundles device, a silicon base heat flux that was 2.3 times the heat flux to the no MWNTs device can be applied, whereas for the fully covered MWNTs device 1.6 times the heat flux can be applied while still keeping the same silicon base temperature.
Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate by graphite nanofibers

Three types of graphite nanofibers (GNFs), with varying orientations of the graphene sheets (herringbone, platelet, and ribbon), were used as catalysts for the gas-phase oxidative dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate in the presence of oxygen. The effects of fiber type, temperature, oxygen concentration, and ethanol concentration on conversion and product ratio were explored. When identical processing conditions were employed, herringbone fibers produced higher conversions of ethanol compared to platelet and ribbon fibers, which yielded similar results to one another. Altering equilibrium conditions by increasing oxygen concentration tended to increase conversion as well as increase the percentage of acetaldehyde produced. Adjusting oxygen concentration had a more significant affect on the platelet and ribbon fibers. Temperature also altered the conversion and product ratios as expected. It is believed that the oxygen groups terminating the prismatic edge sites of the graphene planes are responsible for the catalytic activity in oxidative dehydrogenation reactions such as the one explored here.
The development of nuclear-polyhedrosis virus in ligatured larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella

Nuclear-polyhedrosis virus developed more slowly in ligatured mature larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, than in similar unligatured larvae. The ligatured larvae were in an arrested state of development although they were kept at an optimum environmental temperature (30°C). Apparently, the rate of virus development is influenced more by the rate of host-cell metabolism than by environmental temperature.
A Review and Reappraisal of Emphysema

The advancement of knowledge concerning emphysema has been restricted because of confusing and outdated nomenclature. There is a need for new and more precise terms concerned with the entities heretofore considered under the general topic of emphysema. These terms must be universally accepted and understood among the different branches of medicine. This unification would increase the physiologic, pathologic and clinical correlation of knowledge. Our inadequate knowledge concerning the etiology of emphysema makes an etiologic classification unsatisfactory. The following clasification is based upon pathologic findings.
A BCS QUARK MASS MATRIX

The quark mass gap and quark mass hierarchy is obtained by introducing a BCS interaction among ur-quarks. A 3×3 quark mass matrix with equal matrix elements, i.e., with all ur-flavors interacting with the same strength, has eigenvalues 0, 0 and 3; both the quark charge −1/3 and charge +2/3 systems with one heavy quark and two almost massless quarks resemble these eigenvalues. The physical mass splittings between the two lightest quarks come from higher-order corrections to the mass matrix which are obtained by fitting the Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix VKM.
The effect of strain rate and temperature on the ductility of pure and hydrogenated vanadium

Abstract Specimens of 99.8% iodide vanadium were thermally charged to a hydrogen concentration of 6 p.p.m. and tested over the strain-rate range 0.001 min −1 to 5.4 min −1 at temperatures from 77°K to 298°K. A hydrogen “embrittlement surface” was obtained by comparing the charged and uncharged specimens over the entire range of test conditions. The characteristics of the “embrittlement surface” were, in all ways, similar to the characteristics exhibited by hydrogen embrittlement of steel 47 . Possible mechanisms of the embrittlement are discussed in relation to the results and it is shown that the popular “void pressure” concept of hydrogen embrittlement of steel does not explain the embrittlement of vanadium.
Functional Prepuberal Castration in Males1

FROM the large and heterogenous group of adults with retardation or absence of sexual development two new clinical syndromes have been recently delineated. The first, which includes the association of short stature, retarded sexual development and high urinary gonadotropin titers in women, has been described by Varney, Kenyon and Koch (1), and by Albright, Smith and Fraser (2). The second syndrome represents seminiferous tubule failure accompanied by gynecomastia and high urinary gonadotropins in men and has been described by Klinefelter, Reifenstein and Albright (3). To these two syndromes we should like to add a third which has many features in common with the syndrome described by Kenyon, but occurs in males. In essence the syndrome may be regarded as a functional prepuberal castration. The syndrome as observed by us in 6 cases was characterized by a) presence of Wolfnan duct structures in the scrotum, but absence of functional testes.
Co-location of eruption sites of the Siberian Traps and North Atlantic Igneous Province: Implications for the nature of hotspots and mantle plumes

Abstract One of the striking exceptions to the mantle plume head–tail hypothesis that seeks to explain magmatism of large igneous provinces (LIPs) and hotspot tracks is the ~250 million-year-old Siberian Traps. The lack of a clear hotspot track linked to this LIP has been one motivation to explore non-plume alternative mechanisms. Here, we use a paleomagnetic Euler pole analysis to constrain the location of the Siberian Traps at the time of their eruption. The reconstructed position coincides with the mantle region that also saw eruption of the ~ 61–58 million year-old North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP). Together with LIP volume estimates, this reconstruction poses a dilemma for some non-plume models: the partial-melts needed to account for the Siberian Traps should have depleted the enriched upper mantle source that is in turn crucial for the later formation of the NAIP. The observations instead suggest the existence of a long-lived (>250 million-year-long) lower mantle chemical and/or thermal anomaly, and significant temporal changes in mantle plume flux.
A Laser-Based Device for Tissue Fusion

A prototype device (patent pending) has been created, and successfully used, to fuse tissue membranes as an alternative to sutures or staples. The joining, or coaptation, is accomplished through the controlled application of laser heating and pressure to induce protein denaturation and subsequent tissue fusion, through renaturation and intertwining, across the interface. Lasers have been used by a number of researchers to close wounds in controlled laboratory tests over the last 15 years. Many encouraging results have been obtained; however, no commercial delivery systems are currently available. This is due primarily to two factors: requiring an inordinate amount of experience on the part of the operator to detect changes in tissue appearance, and attempting to achieve general applicability for multiple tissue systems, i.e., a one-size-fits-all approach. Different combinations of system performance parameters may be required for different types of tissues. The present device overcomes these barriers as it is tailored for the particular application of septal laser fusion, namely for the coaptation of mucoperichondrial membranes. The optimal laser performance characteristics are pre-set for nasal tissue and packaged in an easy to use device. The important parameters involved in fusing biological tissues using radiation from laser sources are identified. The development of the device followed from computational modeling of the fusion process based on engineering first-principles from heat transfer, fluid dynamics and optics, and from experimental results on a particular tissue system. The experiments were designed and analyzed using orthogonal arrays, employing a subset of the relevant parameters, i.e., laser irradiance, dwell time and spot size, for a range of wavelengths. The in vitro fusion experiments employed 1 cm by 1 cm sections of equine nasal mucosa having a nominal thickness of 1 mm.
Cancer chemopreventive oltipraz generates superoxide anion radical.

The cancer chemopreventive actions of oltipraz, a member of a class of 1,2-dithiolethiones, have been primarily associated with the induction of phase 2 enzymes mediated by a 41 bp enhancer element known as the anti-oxidant response element in the promoter regions of many phase 2 genes. It has been suggested that oxygen radical formation by oltipraz may be a critical mechanism by which it exerts chemoprevention. Therefore, in the present work, studies were performed to directly determine if oltipraz generates oxygen free radicals. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping demonstrated that oltipraz slowly reacts in the presence of oxygen to generate the superoxide anion radical. This formation of superoxide by oltipraz was concentration- and time-dependent. EPR oximetry studies showed that oxygen was also slowly consumed paralleling the process of superoxide formation. Thus, oltipraz induced superoxide formation occurs and could be involved in the mechanism by which it exerts chemoprotection.
Hexagram converter for static VAR compensation

A new multilevel converter - Hexagram converter is proposed for static VAR compensation in high-voltage high- power applications. The new converter is composed of six three- phase two-level standard voltage source converter (VSC) modules interconnected through inductors. It has the advantages of modular structure leading to easy construction and maintenance, no voltage unbalance, low voltage stress, low dc energy storage, and easy control with well-developed VSC control techniques. In the paper, One-cycle control (OCC) - an excellent control scheme for power converter is employed and extended to control the hexagram converter for VAR compensation. Simulation and experimental prototypes have been implemented and well verified the proposed converter along with the proposed control method.
Utilization of acidophil bodies in the diagnosis of recurrent hepatitis C infection after orthotopic liver transplantation.

The distinction between acute rejection and early recurrent hepatitis C infection (RHCV) in the setting of orthotopic liver transplantation is often difficult. In liver biopsies acidophil bodies and lobular hepatitis are used to suggest a diagnosis of RHCV over rejection, however, the reliability of this practice has not been established. Because portal tract changes in RHCV and rejection often overlap, we sought to determine whether the degree of hepatocyte acidophil body formation seen on liver biopsies could be used to distinguish between these two conditions. Methods: Quantification of acidophil bodies was performed on liver biopsies in orthotopic liver transplant patients with RHCV (n = 10), non-hepatitis C orthotopic liver transplant patients with uncomplicated rejection episodes (n = 10) and non-transplant patients with chronic hepatitis C infection (n = 10). Hematoxylin and Eosin stained slides from all three groups were randomized and tissue segments 1.0 cm in length and of variable width (0.04–0.13 cm) were examined at 200 × magnification in a blinded fashion by two pathologists in order to quantify the number of acidophil bodies/cm2. Lobular chronic inflammation was also graded on a 0–3+ scale. Results: Liver biopsies taken at the onset of RHCV exhibited 606 ± 101 acidophil bodies/cm2 (mean ± standard error of mean, range 200–1390). These counts were significantly greater (P = .0061, paired 2-tailed t-test) than the 241 ± 53 acidophil bodies/cm2 (range 80–514) for acute rejection, and the 194 ± 21 acidophil bodies/cm2 (range 100–333) for non-liver transplant chronic hepatitis C infection (P = .0013). No difference in lobular inflammation between index RHCV and rejection biopsies was detected. Conclusions: Although there is overlap, on average there are twice as many acidophil bodies in the initial stage of RHCV when compared with acute rejection (average of 55 per linear cm in RHCV versus 21 per linear cm for rejection). Lobular inflammation was not a reliable indicator of the initial onset of RHCV.
The effect of deposit-rate ceilings on bank risk: A comment

Abstract In a recent issue of this journal, Mingo (1978) analyzed the effect of deposit-rate ceilings on bank risk. The analysis showed that deposit-rate ceilings increase a bank's total risk. The purpose of this note is to examine a different but related question: Is systematic risk affected by Regulation Q ceilings ceteris paribus? The results of our empirical test indicate that systematic risk is not affected by deposit-rate ceilings. Taken together then, Mingo's and the present results show that removal of deposit-rate ceilings would not increase bank risk.
Learning curves for pediatric laparoscopy: how many operations are enough? The Amsterdam experience with laparoscopic pyloromyotomy

Background Few studies on the surgical outcomes of open (OP) versus laparoscopic pyloromyotomy (LP) in the treatment of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis have been published. The question arises as to how many laparoscopic procedures are required for a surgeon to pass the learning curve and which technique is best in terms of postoperative complications. This study aimed to evaluate and quantify the learning curve for the laparoscopic technique at the authors’ center. A second goal of this study was to evaluate the pre- and postoperative data of OP versus LP for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
Temp Cyborgs Gender, Technology, and Immaterial Labor in Popular Science Fiction Television

This article analyzes three primetime television series: Chuck and Bionic Woman on NBC and Dollhouse on Fox. The narratives and representations in the three programs raise questions about the role ...
Temporal effects of leadership style on state communication anxiety in small task‐oriented groups

Little research has been directed toward the relationship between leadership style and communication apprehension. This study focused on the relationship between leadership style in task‐oriented small groups and state communication anxiety. Two research questions were posed. First, does state communication anxiety vary as a function of leadership style in task‐oriented small groups? Second, does this relationship vary over time? Results of the study indicated that leadership style does affect levels of state anxiety in task‐oriented small groups. In addition, levels of state anxiety were generally found to decrease over time. The relationship between leadership style and state anxiety did not appear to vary as a function of time.
Metaphor: A Fascinating Philosophic Puzzle Piece With Neuro-Psychoanalytic (NP) Implications

In 1980 a number of scholars independently discovered methods for studying “aha” reactions, and the role of metaphorical language in human activities. I see my work as parallel to that of Lester Luborsky, Arnold Model, and Lakoff and Johnson, but with a special interest on my part in bridging psychological and biological perspectives. In my article, I review the history of my own voyage towards such bridging, portrayed in my books, Mapping the Mind (2003a) and Psyche and Brain (2003c), and papers tying together affect theory, learning theory, cognitive theory, and neuroscience insights on how emotion is instantiated in brain (and the role of the cerebellum). Basically, the idea is that mind makes brain makes mind makes brain—ad infinitum. Building on the work of Eric Kandel (on explicit memory) and Masao Ito (on implicit memory), we end up with new ways of understanding emotion and Freud's conscious/unconscious distinction.
Quadratic Hedging and Mean-Variance Portfolio Selection with Random Parameters in an Incomplete Market

This paper concerns the problems ofquadratic hedging andpricing, andmean-variance portfolio selection in anincomplete market setting with continuous trading, multiple assets, and Brownian information. In particular, we assume throughout that the parameters describing the market model may be random processes. We approach these problems from the perspective oflinear-quadratic (LQ) optimal control and backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs); that is, we focus on the so-calledstochastic Riccati equation (SRE) associated with the problem. Excepting certain special cases, solvability of the SRE remains an open question. Our primary theoretical contribution is a proof of existence and uniqueness of solutions of the SRE associated with the quadratic hedging and mean-variance problems. In addition, we derive closed-form expressions for the optimal portfolios and efficient frontier in terms of the solution of the SRE. A generalization of theMutual Fund Theorem is also obtained.
Alloy formation at the Ni-Al interface for nickel films deposited on Al (110) surfaces

Alloy formation at the Ni‐Al interface for thin nickel films deposited on Al(110) surfaces has been studied using high-energy ion scattering/channeling (HEIS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ). For nickel atoms deposited at room temperature on Al(110), a large amount of nickel‐aluminum intermixing occurs at the interface. For the first two monolayers (ML) of deposited nickel, an NiAl-like compound is formed. The intermixing continues with a diVerent rate, forming an Ni 3 Al-like compound for nickel coverages from 2 to 8 ML, at which point a nickel metal film begins to grow on the surface. Nickel atoms deposited at 250°C on the Al(110) surface exhibit no surface
Mismanagement of malignant hypercalcaemia.

The National Chemotherapy Advisory Group 2009 report emphasised the need for expert oncological assessment of cancer patients presenting to hospital as emergencies within 24 hours;[1][1] hence the establishment of the Acute Oncology Service (AOS) team in all NHS trusts that assess and admit cancer
Good IDEA: Instructional Design Model for Integrating Information Literacy

Abstract The demand for instructional design librarianship is increasing. The trend is due to higher education's focus on integrating information literacy content in academic disciplines. The generic ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation) design model is traditionally used to develop information literacy instruction and content. The IDEA (interview, design, embed, assess) Model is a library-specific systematic approach to integrating information literacy instruction and resources within academic courses. The process is based upon instructional design best practices and cognitive and behavioral learning theories. Close collaboration between library and academic faculty is evident throughout. Flowcharts, forms, and rubrics guide librarians not formally trained in instructional design through the process.
SOCIAL STRESS AND MARITAL VIOLENCE IN A NATIONAL SAMPLE OF AMERICAN FAMILIES

The National Family Violence Surveys suggest that the family is the most violent institution, group, or setting that a typical citizen is likely to encounter. Assault was measured by the severe violence index of the family Conflict Tactics Scales. Physical punishment provides the society's basic training in violence but, of course, training that applies most directly to behavior in the family. At least some use of physical punishment is just about universal in American society, typically beginning in infancy. The chapter examines one of the several factors that contribute to the explanation: the link between stress and violence. The last set of mediating factors included in the chapter explores the theory that violence will be higher in the absence of a network of personal ties. The usual formulation of that theory assumes that the network will be pro social. That is usually a reasonable assumption. However, a social network can also support antisocial behavior.
Traces In the Dark—Sedimentary Processes and Facies Gradients In the Upper Devonian–Lower Mississippian Upper Shale Member of the Bakken Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota, U.S.A.—Reply

We welcome the opportunity to respond to Schieber's (2014) discussion of Egenhoff and Fishman (2013) because it enables us to further elaborate on the structures we interpreted as fecal strings attributable to Phycosiphon incertum that are visible in mudstone samples collected from the upper shale member of the Bakken Formation. Schieber (2014) in his discussion raised four points that can be summarized as: 1. The structures interpreted as Phycosiphon incertum by Egenhoff and Fishman (2013) are artifacts introduced during the thin-section manufacturing process. 2. The structures Egenhoff and Fishman (2013) interpreted as “burrows” may instead have formed through depositional processes rather than by bioturbation. Siltstone laminae could represent the toe portion remaining from a migrating current ripple. The siltstone laminae would therefore reflect the original composition of silt-rich ripple foresets where they were in contact with the seafloor, whereas locations where mud-rich forests were in contact with the “muddy” seafloor would produce the “holes” seen in the siltstone laminae. Alternatively, currents flowing over previously deposited silt laminae could have scoured and plucked individual silt grains out of the laminae and thereby produced sites that were later filled with mud. 3. Near-surface “burrows” presumably like those that Egenhoff and Fishman (2013) observed in the upper shale member would have to be produced in soupgrounds. Burrows in these freshly deposited muds can be maintained only when stabilized by mucus. Observations from the Recent suggest that these types of “burrows” are likely produced by nematodes that are only detected using the color differences between the fill and the surrounding rock. 4. The amount of compaction can be very high in mudstones. Therefore, the compaction in the upper shale member should have strongly affected original sedimentary features including the “burrows.” The “burrows” shown by Egenhoff and Fishman (2013) …
Dynamic Programming for Higher Order Parsing of Gap-Minding Trees

We introduce gap inheritance, a new structural property on trees, which provides a way to quantify the degree to which intervals of descendants can be nested. Based on this property, two new classes of trees are derived that provide a closer approximation to the set of plausible natural language dependency trees than some alternative classes of trees: unlike projective trees, a word can have descendants in more than one interval; unlike spanning trees, these intervals cannot be nested in arbitrary ways. The 1-Inherit class of trees has exactly the same empirical coverage of natural language sentences as the class of mildly non-projective trees, yet the optimal scoring tree can be found in an order of magnitude less time. Gap-minding trees (the second class) have the property that all edges into an interval of descendants come from the same node, and thus an algorithm which uses only single intervals can produce trees in which a node has descendants in multiple intervals.
Management of Sexual Molestation in Preschoolers

Guidelines are presented to aid in the management of single-incident, non- violent sexual exploitation of the preschool child. Objectives, include safe guarding the child, dealing with any physical trauma and facilitating a quick resolution of the acute emotional crisis for the child and the parents.
Intra-microfluidic pinocytic loading of human T cells

Pinocytic loading (PL) exposes cells sequentially to hypertonic (0.5 M sucrose and 10% PEG 1000) and hypotonic (60% v/v media in water) solutions to transfer cell-impermeant macromolecules into the cytosol. Here we leverage the advantages of microfluidics to achieve high-efficiency pinocytic loading of Jurkat T cells with fluorescein dextran. To our knowledge, we report the first observation of the time course of PL in single cells. In contrast to conventional PL, cells in the microfluidic device can be rapidly cycled through the various solutions. While the conventional protocol provides only 40-60% efficiency, we have achieved over 90% loading efficiency in the microfluidic device. Mean cell fluorescence from conventional PL, is approximately half that of microfluidic PL with three 10-minute hypertonic cycles (49.7plusmn21.8 and 21.7plusmn17.8 a.u. respectively, P=4ldr10-17). While the mean and median cell fluorescence increases with each cycle in the microfluidic device, fluorescence begins to plateau after three 10-minute hypertonic cycles; subsequent cycles see dramatic increases in cell death from 10% to over 30%. Hypotonic media does not significantly affect loading efficiency for intra-inicrofluidic PL, but causes slightly higher cell death. We believe that intra-microfluidic PL of living cells is a valuable tool for BioMEMS-based systems biology.
Valence transitions and intermediate valence states in rare earth and actinide materials

Abstract The current status of theoretical and experimental research concerning valence change transitions and the intermediate or mixed valence state in rare earth and actinide crystalline solid compounds is reviewed. First, the results of X-ray, optical, electrical, thermodunamic, neutron diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, and Mossbauer resonance experiments near the critical values of pressure and temperature requires for valence changes are discussed. The important similarities and contrasts between rare earth and actinide materials are pointed out. Next, the essential ideas of the numerous theoretical models of mixed valence phenomena are presented. It is found that the theories of discontinous or first-order valence changes involve one of two mechanisms: either the Coulomb repulsion between localized f electrons and itinerant band electrons, or the electron-lattice interaction. The theories are also sharply divided as to their treatment of the electronic f-states, and it is concluded that the configuration-based treatments offer more hope of a detailed quantum-mechanical description of the electronic states of mixed valent materials than do those models using the single-particle approximation.
A Pattern Recognition Approach for Speculative Firing Prediction in Distributed Saturation State-Space Generation

The saturation strategy for symbolic state-space generation is particularly effective for globally-asynchronous locally-synchronous systems. A distributed version of saturation, SaturationNOW, uses the overall memory available on a network of workstations to effectively spread the memory load, but its execution is essentially sequential. To achieve true parallelism, we explore a speculative firing prediction, where idle workstations work on predicted future event firing requests. A naive approach where all possible firings may be explored a priori, given enough idle time, can result in excessive memory requirements. Thus, we introduce a history-based approach for firing prediction that recognizes firing patterns and explores only firings conforming to these patterns. Experiments show that our heuristic improves the runtime and has a small memory overhead.