cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Still Partially Visible

The chapter discusses a few more identities that have been added since 2009. But adding more identities without explanation of how these identities affect existing identities does not contribute to providers’ ability to understand clients’ worldviews. A paradigm shift in thinking from simple binary to complex holistic is proposed in order to view the whole person whose identity is composed of multiple identities and their intersections. A paradigm shift in learning from conceptual to transformative which is a deep learning from integrating intellectual understanding with emotional understanding is also proposed. It is emphasized that multicultural issues are emotionally complex for both oppressed and the privileged for different reasons and experiences, and they must be processed through transformative learning.
Differences in Coracoid and Glenoid Dimensions Based on Sex, Race, and Age: Implications for Use of the Latarjet Technique in Glenoid Reconstruction:

The Latarjet procedure restores shoulder stability through reconstruction of the glenoid arc. Prior investigations of glenoid and coracoid dimensions have been underpowered to detect differences based on sex and race. We sought to establish normative values for glenoid width and coracoid dimensions based on sex, race, and age. In addition, we assessed the restoration of glenoid dimensions using the classic and modified Latarjet techniques (classic technique: placing lateral surface of the coracoid to the glenoid; modified technique: placing inferior surface of the coracoid to the glenoid). A total of 993 cadaveric specimens (n = 1986 scapulae) from people over 18 years of age at the time of death were analyzed. Measurements of maximal glenoid width, coracoid width, thickness, and length were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to detect differences based on sex and race, while univariable linear regression was used to determine the association of increasing age on measured dimensions. All dimensions of specimens were significantly larger in males than in females. Caucasians possessed larger mean glenoid width, coracoid width, and coracoid length, while coracoid thickness was significantly larger in African Americans. Linear regression analysis found that increasing age was associated with increased glenoid width and coracoid dimensions. Coracoid positioning restored glenoid width in defects measuring 20% of glenoid width using both classic and modified Latarjet techniques, while defects measuring up to 25% were more accurately reproduced using the modified technique. Dimensions were significantly larger in males and in Caucasians, aside from coracoid thickness. Mean dimensions increased with advancing age. Coracoid positioning using classic or modified Latarjet techniques restored glenoid width defects measuring 20% of the glenoid width, while the modified technique allowed for restoration of larger defects.
Wrap Up and Guidelines

This book has included a number of recommendations and suggestions on how individuals can take full advantage of the opportunities that are available to them to achieve success at various stages of their careers, all the way from K-12 through college, their formal educational preparation, e.g., medical school, graduate school, and finally in their careers. At this point, it is important to simplify those steps that are needed so that a ‘how to” list is readily available.
Privacy-Preserving Random Kernel Classification of Checkerboard Partitioned Data

We propose a privacy-preserving support vector machine (SVM) classifier for a data matrix A whose input feature columns as well as individual data point rows are divided into groups belonging to different entities. Each entity is unwilling to make public its group of columns and rows. Our classifier utilizes the entire data matrix A while maintaining the privacy of each block. This classifier is based on the concept of a random kernel K(A,B’) where B’ is the transpose of a random matrix B, as well as the reduction of a possibly complex pattern of data held by each entity into a checkerboard pattern. The proposed nonlinear SVMclassifier, which is public but does not reveal any of the privately held data, has accuracy comparable to that of an ordinary SVM classifier based on the entire set of input features and data points all made public.
Morphology of Polycystic Kidney Disease in Man and Experimental Models

Although diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease has been possible for many years, we still have only a limited understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, partly because of the difficulty in obtaining human cystic kidneys in different stages of cyst formation. At present only a few human kidneys with early-onset polycystic changes have been evaluated for both structural and functional changes (Baert, 1978). Therefore, growing attention has been given to various animal models that possess lesions that mimic human polycystic kidney disease (Goodman et al., 1970; Carone et al., 1974; Gardner et al., 1976; Evan and Gardner, 1976, 1979; Evan et al., 1979). There are presently three types of animal models for experimental polycystic kidney disease: (1) chemically induced, (2) traumatically induced, and (3) genetically transmitted. The chemically induced models have received the most attention in that a large number of compounds have been reported to produce cysts in small laboratory animals. Furthermore, these models allow opportunity to follow the acquisition and sequential growth of cysts. Of the various renal cytogens, three compounds, all of which are antioxidants, have received the greatest attention. These substances are diphenylamine (DPA), nordihydro-guaiaretic acid (NDGA), and diphenylthiazole (DPT).
CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF SAFER BACTERIAL HOST STRAINS FOR RECOMBINANT DNA RESEARCH

Abstract: We have designed, constructed and tested a strain of Escherichia coli K-12 as a safer host for use with plasmid cloning vectors during recombinant DNA research. This strain, designated χ1776, is in many respects quite different from most E . coli strains that scientists are accustomed to using. Because of this, it has been necessary to devise new procedures to grow, transform and recover amplified plasmid DNA from this strain. Due to some of χ1776's unique attributes, it has been possible to devise a method to lyse it without use of detergents. This method provides higher yields of plasmid DNA than can be recovered from conventional strains of E . coli by standard methods. We also report our progress in constructing improved derivatives of χ1776 that possess additional safety features and also on the design and construction of safer host strains for use with various λ vectors.
Biphenotypic Acute Leukemia versus Myeloid Antigen-Positive ALL: Clinical Relevance of WHO Criteria for Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia.

Updated WHO criteria define mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) with more stringent diagnostic criteria than the formerly described entity biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL). The changes in diagnostic criteria influence management by assigning weight to aberrantly expressed markers and minimizing expression of myeloid markers other than myeloperoxidase (MPO), potentially foregoing consolidative allogeneic transplant for an otherwise “favorable” lymphoid phenotypic leukemia. We present a case of MPO-negative, myeloid antigen-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia who progressed with refractory phenotypic acute myeloid leukemia while receiving lymphoid-directed therapy and discuss concerns raised by the adoption of the new, more stringent diagnostic criteria for BAL.
Maternal intake of pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables in relation to fetal growth.

OBJECTIVES To examine the associations of maternal intake of fruits and vegetables (FVs), considering pesticide residue levels, with fetal growth. METHODS We studied 1777 mothers (1275 white, 502 non-white) and their infants from Project Viva, a prospective pre-birth cohort (1999-2002). We categorized FVs as containing high or low pesticide residues using data from the US Department of Agriculture. We then used a food frequency questionnaire to estimate each participant's intake of high and low pesticide residue FVs in the first and second trimester. The primary outcomes were small-for-gestational-age (SGA; <10th percentile in birth-weight-for-gestational-age), large-for-gestational-age (LGA; ≥10th percentile in birth-weight-for-gestational-age) and preterm birth (gestational age <37 weeks). We also evaluated whether the associations between high pesticide residue FV intake and birth outcomes were modified by race/ethnicity. RESULTS 5.5% of newborns were SGA, 13.7% were LGA, and 7.3% were preterm. Intakes of high or low pesticide residue FVs, regardless of pregnancy trimester, were not associated with risks of SGA, LGA, or preterm birth. In addition, the associations of high pesticide FV intake with SGA and LGA were not modified by race/ethnicity. However, we observed heterogeneity in the relationship between first trimester high pesticide FV intake and risk of preterm birth by race/ethnicity (P value for interaction = 0.01), although this relationship did not persist after correction for multiple comparisons (Bonferroni corrected level of significance: P < 2.8 × 10-3). CONCLUSIONS There were no clear associations between high or low pesticide FV intake during pregnancy with SGA, LGA or preterm birth.
The Extended Clearance Concept Following Oral and Intravenous Dosing: Theory and Critical Analyses

To derive the theoretical basis for the extended clearance model of organ elimination following both oral and IV dosing, and critically analyze the approaches previously taken. We derived from first principles the theoretical basis for the extended clearance concept of organ elimination following both oral and IV dosing and critically analyzed previous approaches. We point out a number of critical characteristics that have either been misinterpreted or not clearly presented in previously published treatments. First, the extended clearance concept is derived based on the well-stirred model. It is not appropriate to use alternative models of hepatic clearance. In analyzing equations, clearance terms are all intrinsic clearances, not total drug clearances. Flow and protein binding parameters should reflect blood measurements, not plasma values. In calculating the AUCR-factor following oral dosing, the AUC terms do not include flow parameters. We propose that calculations of AUCR may be a more useful approach to evaluate drug-drug and pharmacogenomic interactions than evaluating rate-determining steps. Through analyses of cerivastatin and fluvastatin interactions with cyclosporine we emphasize the need to characterize volume of distribution changes resulting from transporter inhibition/induction that can affect rate constants in PBPK models. Finally, we note that for oral doses, prediction of systemic and intrahepatic drug-drug interactions do not require knowledge of fu,H or Kp,uu for substrates/victims. The extended clearance concept is a powerful tool to evaluate drug-drug interactions, pharmacogenomic and disease state variance but evaluating the AUCR-factor may provide a more valuable approach than characterizing rate-determining steps.
Anger, social power, and cognitive appraisal: application of octonionic sociocognitive emotion theory

ABSTRACTOctonionic Sociocognitive Relational-Models Theory combines an information-processing model of perception (P), thought (T), and action-potential (A), and a sociorelational model of communal...
Cognitive aids and food choice: Real-time calorie counters reduce calories ordered and correct biases in calorie estimates

Studies of the effect of calorie information on food choices in food-away-from-home settings have identified minor to insignificant changes in calories ordered. An element of the choice process that may play an important role in influencing the total caloric content of a meal has received little attention: how individuals track the total number of calories selected when choosing multiple items. We study the effects of automating this potentially costly cognitive process using technology. We compare the number of calories ordered in a sequential food choice task in two conditions: one in which participants have access to calorie information for all options available and a second in which they are also exposed to automatically updating information about the number of calories they have ordered. Participants with access to calorie summation ordered significantly fewer calories than those without access to calorie summation. Participants without access to calorie summation significantly underestimated the number of calories they had ordered, while those in the calorie summation condition did not. The calorie summation seems to work in part through adjustment of sequential choices: calories ordered in the first choice category were very similar in the two conditions but diverged increasingly in later categories. Technologies that help individuals keep track of the nutritional consequences of cumulative choices may help promote healthier diets.
Student protests and organised labour: Developing a research agenda for mobilisation in late neoliberalism:

Students have a long history of protesting the introduction or rise of tuition fees. However, political parties do not often endorse their demands. Even the centre-left, which is known for its redi...
Ontological commitment and ontological commitment s

The standard account of ontological commitment is quantificational. There are many old and well-chewed-over challenges to the account, but recently Kit Fine added a new challenge. Fine claimed that the “quantificational account gets the basic logic of ontological commitment wrong” and offered an alternative account that used an existence predicate. While Fine’s argument does point to a real lacuna in the standard approach, I show that his own account also gets “the basic logic of ontological commitment wrong”. In response, I offer a full quantificational account, using the resources of plural logic, and argue that it leads to a complete theory of natural language ontological commitment.
The SOHO Mission

The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) is primarily the solar observing portion ofthe International Solar Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) mission but includes some particle detecting experiments. This paper describes some selected results from tie interior studies, the transition region observations, and the outer coronal observations.
Efficient Implementation of Multi-Channel Convolution in Monolithic 3D ReRAM Crossbar.

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) demonstrate promising accuracy in a wide range of applications. Among all layers in CNNs, convolution layers are the most computation-intensive and consume the most energy. As the maturity of device and fabrication technology, 3D resistive random access memory (ReRAM) receives substantial attention for accelerating large vector-matrix multiplication and convolution due to its high parallelism and energy efficiency benefits. However, implementing multi-channel convolution naively in 3D ReRAM will either produce incorrect results or exploit only partial parallelism of 3D ReRAM. In this paper, we propose a 3D ReRAM-based convolution accelerator architecture, which efficiently maps multi-channel convolution to monolithic 3D ReRAM. Our design has two key principles. First, we exploit the intertwined structure of 3D ReRAM to implement multi-channel convolution by using a state-of-the-art convolution algorithm. Second, we propose a new approach to efficiently implement negative weights by separating them from non-negative weights using configurable interconnects. Our evaluation demonstrates that our mapping scheme in 16-layer 3D ReRAM achieves a speedup of 5.79X, 927.81X, and 36.8X compared with a custom 2D ReRAM baseline and state-of-the-art CPU and GPU. Our design also reduces energy consumption by 2.12X, 1802.64X, and 114.1X compared with the same baseline.
Challenging Assumptions: ‘Contemporary Students,’ ‘Nontraditional Students,’ ‘Adult Learners,’ ‘Post-Traditional,’ ‘New Traditional’

The use of the “traditional”/”nontraditional” binary when referring to students in the context of higher education (especially in the United States) is so firmly established and compulsory that eve...
Tachykinin Signaling Is Required for Induction of the Preovulatory Luteinizing Hormone Surge and Normal Luteinizing Hormone Pulses.

Tachykinins (NKA, NKB and Substance P) are important components of the neuroendocrine control of reproduction by directly stimulating Kiss1 neurons to control GnRH pulsatility, essential for reproduction. Despite this role of tachykinins for successful reproduction, knockout mice for Tac1 (NKA/SP) and Tac2 (NKB) genes are fertile, resembling the phenotype of human patients bearing NKB signaling mutations, who often reverse their hypogonadal phenotype. This suggests the existence of compensatory mechanisms among the different tachykinin ligand-receptor systems, to maintain reproduction in the absence of one of them. In order to test this hypothesis, we generated complete tachykinin deficient mice (Tac1/Tac2KO). Male mice displayed delayed puberty onset and decreased LH pulsatility (frequency and amplitude of LH pulses) but preserved fertility. However, females did not show signs of puberty onset (first estrus) within 45 days after vaginal opening, displayed low frequency (but normal amplitude) of LH pulses and 80% of them remained infertile. Further evaluation identified a complete absence of the preovulatory LH surge in Tac1/Tac2KO females as well as in WT females treated with NKB or SP receptor antagonists. These data confirmed a fundamental role for tachykinins in the timing of puberty onset and LH pulsatility and uncovered a role of tachykinin signaling in the facilitation of the preovulatory LH surge. Overall, these findings indicate that tachykinin signaling plays a dominant role in the control of ovulation, with potential implications as pathogenic mechanism and therapeutic target to improve reproductive outcomes in women with ovulation impairments.
Use environmentally friendly hydraulic power to design a hydraulic rapid mixing basin in the drinking water treatment plant

Most cities in Iraq provide drinking water by purifying river water of physical and chemical contaminants. It uses energy from petroleum (electricity). As it seeks to get drinking water from the rivers with clean and renewable technologies and energy, the State of Iraq plans to use one of its most abundant resources to address the shortage of fresh water, namely hydropower. This study is based on the use of hydraulic energy (environmentally friendly) in the purification of water instead of the use of electricity. The use of electrical energy in water purification has a lot of problems, including the continuous interruption of the current and therefore stop the station from work and that it needs periodic maintenance and need to staff specialized for operation and maintenance, so it is expensive while the use of hydraulic energy will help to solve most of these problems. The possibility of replacing the rapid-mechanical mixing basin to the rapid hydraulic mixing, which operates according to the principle of forced forexes, where the study of the performance of the drinking water treatment plant in the eastern district of Al-Hamzah On the ADiwaniyah River in the southern province of ADiwaniyah, where concentrations of pollutants in the river are high in the study area. Where samples were taken from different locations for water in the drinking water treatment plant of Al-Hamzah for different treatment stages. Where the pollutants were examined in the laboratories of the Environment Directorate of ADiwaniyah and the laboratories of the Faculty of Engineering. All concentrations of physical and chemical contaminants were higher than the standards of Iraqi standards and the efficiency of treatment was not as low as 83%. This is due to the continuous interruption of electrical current and the failure of the mechanical equipment of the rapid mechanical mixing basin, which requires periodic maintenance and the continuation of the addition of high coagulant doses which cause high processing costs as well as the high concentration of aluminum used for coagulation. Therefore, a hydraulic mixing basin was used by conducting experiments in the fluid laboratory In the Faculty of Engineering using the Free and Forced Vortex, which has been developed and adjust suit the requirements of the study. There have been various experiments to obtain the best dimension of hydraulic mixer and best amount of coagulant to remove the turbidity and the best mixing speed and the best value of the pH, which achieved processing efficiency of up to 98.0%.
StanceScorer: A Data Driven Approach to Score Badminton Player

In recent times, wearable devices have gained immense popularity for IoT applications, especially for sports analytics. Recent works in sports analytics primarily focuses on improving a player's performance and help devise a winning strategy based on the player's strengths and weaknesses which is also the objective of this paper. In a racquet-based sports, it is often assumed that handling the racquet majorly influences the performance of the players, however, the stance and the posture of the player are of greater importance. A perfect posture and stance allow a player to play a stroke efficiently by directing the shuttle to strategic spots. Therefore, it helps to utilize less energy and make it difficult for the opponent to return the shot and eventually score a point. Hence, we hypothesize that the performance of a player equally correlates with the stance and the efficiency of handling the racquet. In this paper, we propose to analyze the stance of the player based on the shot played. In an attempt to do so, we propose a data-driven approach to evaluate a player's performance based on the player's stance or posture. First, we employ both shallow learning and deep learning algorithms to classify the strokes which is then used to analyse the stance. Secondly, we propose a distance based methodology to compare the stance of an intermediate or a novice player with that of a professional player. Further, we learn the error between the professional player's stance with that of a participant and propose a scoring methodology. To evaluate our proposed methodology, we deploy a sensor network comprising of inertial measurement units (IMU) sensors on the dominant wrist and palm; and both the legs. We collect the data from a professional player, an intermediate player and a novice player for 12 different frequently played shots and evaluate our proposed methodology with this dataset.
Path Planning Under MIMO Network Constraints for Throughput Enhancement in Multi-robot Data Aggregation Tasks

Under line-of-sight (LOS) network conditions, multi-input multi-output (MIMO) wireless communications can increase the channel capacity between a team of robots and a multi-antenna array at a stationary base station. This increased capacity can result in greater data throughput, shortening the time necessary to complete channel-limited data aggregation tasks. To take advantage of this higher capacity channel, the robots in the team must be positioned to maximize complex channel orthogonality between each robot and receiver antenna. Using geometrically motivated assumptions, we derive transmitter spacing rules that can be easily be added on to existing path plans to improve backhaul throughput for data offloading from the robot team, with minimal impact on other system objectives. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach— both in ideal as well as realistic channels outside the domain of our simplifying assumptions—with numerical examples of robot-coordinated path plans in two example environments, achieving up to 42% improvement in task completion times.
Dapagliflozin reduces systolic blood pressure and modulates vasoactive factors

Aim To investigate the mechanisms underlying improvements in blood pressure (BP) and congestive heart failure outcomes following treatment with dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor. Research design and methods A total of 52 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with an HbA1c of less than 8% participated in this prospective, double-blind and placebo-controlled study. Patients were randomized (1:1) to either dapagliflozin 10 mg daily or placebo for 12 weeks. Half the patients were also monitored for 6 h following their first dose for acute effects on BP. Blood and urine samples were collected and levels of angiotensinogen, angiotensin II, renin, aldosterone, endothelin-1, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and neprilysin were measured. The expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme, guanylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) was measured in circulating mononuclear cells (MNC). Results A total of 24 and 23 patients receiving dapagliflozin and placebo, respectively, completed the 12-week study. Systolic BP decreased significantly, compared with placebo, both after single-dose (by 7 ± 3 mmHg) and 12-week (by 7 ± 2 mmHg) treatment with dapagliflozin. Dapagliflozin suppressed angiotensin II and angiotensinogen (by 10.5 ± 2.1 and 1.45 ± 0.42 μg/mL, respectively) and increased ANP and cGMP (by 34 ± 11 and 29 ± 11 pmol/mL, respectively) compared with the placebo group. cGMP levels also increased acutely following a single dose of dapagliflozin. Dapagliflozin also suppressed PDE5 expression by 26% ± 11% in MNC. There were no changes observed in the other vasoactive mediators investigated. Conclusions Dapagliflozin administration in T2D resulted in both acute and chronic reduction in systolic BP, a reduction in vasoconstrictors and an increase in vasodilators. These changes may potentially contribute to its antihypertensive effects and its benefits in congestive cardiac failure.
Design and Development of Low-Cost and Accurate Heart Rate Monitoring System Using ARM Cortex-M Microcontroller

A prototype of a low-cost and accurate heart rate monitoring system has been designed and implemented. We used Texas Instruments TM4C123G LaunchPad as a cost-effective ARM Cortex-M4 based microcontroller, a low-cost plug and play pulse sensor, and Nokia 5150 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) as a monitor. A digital filter was designed and implemented in C programing language to smooth the signal and get an accurate heart rate.
Sex Work and Professional Risk Communication: Keeping Safe on the Streets:

Risk communication is traditionally authored by institutions and addressed to the potentially affected publics for whom they are responsible. This study expands the scope of risk communication by a...
Constructing the gendered body in prison cookbooks

Prison cookbooks have been systematically ignored as a form of narrative. The current study adds to the criminological literature by using thematic analysis to explore the construction of gender th...
The Boom in Franchise Relocations: Moving Cities No Matter the Cost

Over time, professional sports franchise have consistently moved cities across the country. This ability is from the power the owners of these franchises hold. The owners have the option to move around the country getting cities to bid to host their team. From this, cities submit to the demands for new billion dollar stadiums usually with taxpayer dollars. There would not be an issue if these billionaire owners paid for their new stadium with their own money or private funding. However, some are using the cities to help with the cost which becomes a burden to the public interest. Congress has made an effort to pass legislation to help with this issue, but it did not produce results. This article first goes through the history of franchise relocation. It shows how the owners have used antitrust law to get away with moving cities. Then, it goes through the pros and cons of actually hosting a professional franchise. Finally, it concludes by presenting two solutions that can help this situation in the future as more cities are vying for professional sports franchises.
Heterogeneity of Murine and Human Fcγ Receptors

It has become evident in recent years that both in humans and in mice there exist a family of receptors for IgG (FcγR). This polymorphism presents two related problems: first, to understand at.the biochemical level the structural aspects of the heterogeneity, and second, to appreciate the physiological role the various receptors play.
Ka-band tone generator for the ISARA Cubesat

This paper describes the design and fabrication of a 26GHz tone generator for the ISARA Cubesat. The tone generator uses a phase locked loop (PLL) frequency multiplier to get to 26GHz from an on board temperature compensated crystal oscillator (TCXO). The output of the PLL feeds a solid state power amplifier (SSPA) that puts out approximately 27dBm of RF power. The SSPA output then feeds a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) switch which toggles between a high gain and low gain antenna as part of the ISARA experiment. The microwave electronics is packaged in an aluminum chassis and utilizes hybrid assembly technology. There are bare die with ribbon and wire interconnects in addition to printed circuit boards (PCB) which use surface mount technology (SMT) for assembly. Custom distributed circuits were designed for implementing the 26GHz filters, couplers and power detectors. A key aspect of this module's performance is its overall thermal stability which is highly dependent upon its assembly technology. The order of operations of each assembly phase, attachment materials, contamination control and reliability of interconnects all determine how well the hardware performs in flight.
Adolescent Physical Education Class Participation as a Predictor for Adult Physical Activity

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether engagement in more physical education (PE) classes during one high school year is associated with change in physical activity (PA) from adolescence to young adulthood. Methods: Data were from 1774 participants in Waves 2 (high school, 1996) and 4 (young adulthood, 2008) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. The predictor was number of PE classes/week in high school (daily, some, or none). The outcome was change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (ΔMVPA) over the 12-year period. ΔMVPA was based on differences in MVPA scores derived at each wave from responses to a physical activity behavior recall (range, −9 to 9 scale score or −15 to 15 MVPA episodes/week). Multivariable generalized linear models examined the association between PE participation and ΔMVPA, adjusting for sociodemographics, weight status, and school clustering. Results: In high school, 34.7% participated in daily PE, whereas 50.1% particip...
Conformal geometry based supine and prone colon registration

In virtual colonoscopy, CT scans are typically acquired with the patient in both supine and prone positions. The registration of these two scans is desirable so that the physician can clarify situations or confirm polyp findings at a location in one scan with the same location in the other, thereby improving polyp detection rates and reducing false positives. However, this supine-prone registration is challenging because of the substantial distortions in the colon shape due to the patient's position shifting. We present an efficient algorithm and framework for performing this registration through the use of conformal geometry to guarantee the registration is a diffeomorphism. The colon surface is conformally flattened to a rectangle using holomorphic differentials. The flattened domains of supine and prone are aligned by the harmonic map with feature correspondence constraints. We demonstrate the efficiency and efficacy of our method by measuring the distance between features on the registered colons.
Nucleotide sequence and insertional inactivation of a Bacillus subtilis gene that affects cell division, sporulation, and temperature sensitivity.

Abstract Located at 135 degrees on the Bacillus subtilis genetic map are several genes suspected to be involved in cell division and sporulation. Previously isolated mutations mapping at 135 degrees include the tms-12 mutation and mutations in the B. subtilis homologs of the Escherichia coli cell division genes ftsA and ftsZ. Previously, we cloned and sequenced the B. subtilis ftsA and ftsZ genes that are present on an 11-kilobase-pair EcoRI fragment and found that the gene products and organization of these two genes are conserved between the two bacterial species. We have since found that the mutation in the temperature-sensitive filamenting tms-12 mutant maps upstream of the ftsA gene on the same 11-kilobase-pair EcoRI fragment in a gene we designated dds. Sequence analysis of the dds gene and four other open reading frames upstream of ftsA revealed no significant homology to other known genes. It was found that the dds gene is not absolutely essential for viability since the dds gene could be insertionally inactivated. The dds null mutants grew slowly, were filamentous, and exhibited a reduced level of sporulation. Additionally, these mutants were extremely temperature sensitive and were unable to form colonies at 37 degrees C. Another insertion, which resulted in the elimination of 103 C-terminal residues, resulted in a temperature-sensitive phenotype less severe than that in the dds null mutant and similar to that in the known tms-12 mutant. The tms-12 mutation was cloned and sequenced, revealing a nonsense codon that was predicted to result in an amber fragment that was about 65% of the wild-type size (elimination of 93 C-terminal residues).
Community entrepreneurship development: an introduction

An emerging area of scholarship can be found at the nexus between entrepreneurship and community development. Beyond a mere focus on firms and their contributions, this growing nexus in the literat...
Convergence Media History, edited by Janet Staiger and Sabine Hake

Convergence Media History, edited by Janet Staiger and Sabine Hake, comprises case studies well suited for undergraduate media studies courses. Because the articles are brief, they will likely neit...
New Directions in Career Guidance: A Special Report for the Profession

Bonaparte, G., Chapman, J., & Steinberg, J. (1987). Michigan: Two career guidance models. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 142–143. Greenwood, K. (1987). Counseling adults in career transition. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 44–46. Herr, E.L. (1987). Comprehensive career guidance and vocational education: Natural allies. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 30–33. Lambert, R. (1987). A guide to career information. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 34–36. Lester, J.N., & McCormac, M.E. (1987). The NOICC career guidance standards project. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 47–48. Otto, L.B. (1987). Parents: Key advisors. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 37–38.
The role of p53 mutation and protein expression in primary and recurrent adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Abstract Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant tumor of salivary gland origin having a propensity for spread by direct extension or perineural invasion with frequent recurrences. Previous reports have shown that tumor behavior is not always predicted by histological pattern or stage. Little is known of the role of p53 tumor suppressor gene mutation and altered protein expression with respect to ACC pathobiology and recurrence. The authors analyzed a group of 14 ACC specimens (seven primary; seven recurrent) from 13 patients treated between 1987 to 1993. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens were reviewed and subjected to, immunohistochemistry (p53, DO-7, DAKO, Nutley, NJ; and WAF-1, Ab-1, Oncogene Sciences, Uniondale, NY) on 4-μm-thick histological sections as a prelude to p53 genotyping. In one case, sequential material representing primary and recurrent tumor was analyzed. Each tumor specimen was topographically genotyped for p53 point mutational change. Minute tissue samples were removed from unstained sections, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified for p53 exons 5 to 8, and then underwent direct DNA sequencing. Six of seven primary ACCs were p53 immunostain negative. Four of seven recurrent (57%) ACCs were p53 immunopositive. These tumors showed varying degrees of p53 immunopositivity ranging from diffuse, intense staining of most tumor cells ( n = 1) to interspersed, strongly positive cells mixed with predominantly p53 immunonegative cells ( n = 4). All tumors were WAF-1 immunostain negative. Two of the most immunopositive recurrent tumors each manifested a single type of p53 point mutation detected by p53 DNA genotyping (p53 exon 5:codon 175 and p53 exon 6:codon 199). In the case in which both primary and recurrent tumor was available, only the recurrent tumor contained point mutational damage. Negative immunostaining for p53 in primary ACC suggests that p53 mutation is not important in early events involving development of this tumor. In contrast, the frequent presence of p53-positive cells and the detection of point mutations in recurrent ACC suggests that p53 alterations are involved in later stages of tumor progression, important in the phenomenon of ACC recurrence.
Inflammation-induced inhibition of brain-to-blood efflux of amyloid beta is independent of LRP-1 expression and reversed by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine

pathological species;OR,3) a combination of these two, dependingon the spatio-temporal context and levels of expression of different inflammatory mediators.Methods: Using rAAVmediated gene delivery, we have achieved high levels of expression of different cytokines in Alzheimer mice brains. Bymodulating the extent of gene expression invivo, this technique allows us to test the long-term effect of potential neurotoxic inflammatory mediators in the CNS. This also bypasses the often confounding problems inherent in creating bitransgenic mice and permits us to dissect the role of individual innate immune mediators in development of Alzheimer pathology rapidly and in a cost-effective manner.Results: In an effort to characterize the role of innate inflammatory mediators on amyloid beta (Abeta) pathology and tau pathology in vivo, we overexpressed several mouse cytokines, namely, Interleukin-6, Interferongamma,TumorNecrosisFactor-alpha, Interleukin-1beta, Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-10 in mice brains using adeno associated virus (AAV2/1) mediated gene delivery. Here, we present a comprehensive review of our data on the effect of these cytokines on1)Abeta pathology inKM670/671/NL+V717Fmutant Amyloid precursor protein transgenic TGCRND8 mice and 2) tau pathology in P301L tau transgenic JNPL3 mice. Extensive analysis shows that pro-inflammatory cytokine mediated reactive gliosis may be beneficial early in the disease process by potentially enhancing Abeta plaque clearance rather thanmediating a neurotoxic feedback loop that exacerbates amyloid pathology. Additionally, expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines exacerbated Abeta plaque pathology, indicating that suppression of glial activation may have detrimental effects onAlzheimer pathology inAPP transgenicmice. Further functional assessment of these innate immune mediators on Alzheimer like tau pathology will be discussed.Conclusions: Our data raises an intriguing possibility that engagement of the innate immune system early on during disease pathogenesis may contribute to attenuation of Alzheimer like pathology in preclinical mouse models.
Verification of distributed systems with local–global predicates

This paper describes a methodology for developing and verifying a class of distributed systems in which the state space may be discrete or continuous. Our focus is on systems where changes are local in that a small number of components change state while the remainder of the system is unchanged. A proof methodology is developed that ensures global properties, such as invariants and convergence, by guaranteeing local properties within subsystems. This methodology is used to prove the correctness of concrete examples. We present a PVS library of theorems and proofs that can be used to reduce the work required to develop and verify programs in this class. A transformation of these libraries to Java is also outlined.
Barriers to Help-Seeking for Older Women Who Experience Intimate Partner Violence: A Descriptive Model

ABSTRACT Purpose: The paper describes a model of barriers to help-seeking (MBHS) for older women who experience domestic violence (DV). Design and Methods: Data were collected from 134 women ages 45 to 85 years in 21 focus groups. Computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (ATLAS.ti) was used to organize transcript analysis and provided access to the quotations upon which codes, themes, relationship maps, and other elements of the analysis were constructed. Results: Twelve themes emerged that showed strong relationships with experience of DV and barriers to help-seeking concepts. The resulting model of barriers to help-seeking (MBHS) illustrates how identified internal and external factors interrelate with each other and with an abuser's behaviors to create help-seeking barriers. The model also reflects the determination that, for study participants, there was no discernable point where characteristics of the experience of DV ended and resistance to help-seeking began. Implications: Development ...
Dynamic optical fiber amplifier for metro-networking applications

Dynamic EDFA controlled by pump compensation has been successfully developed with transient suppressions within 1dB, and average within 0.3-0.45dB in various kinds of channel loading configurations, gains, and input powers for metro networking applications.
Spatio-temporal regularization for range imaging with high photon efficiency

Conventional depth imagers using time-of-flight methods collect hundreds to thousands of detected photons per pixel to form high-quality depth images of a scene. Through spatio-temporal regularization achieved with maximum a posteriori probability estimation under a scene prior and an inhomogeneous Poisson process likelihood function, we form depth images with dramatically higher photon efficiency even as low as one detected photon per pixel. Simulations demonstrate the combination of high accuracy and high photon efficiency of our method, compared to the traditional maximum likelihood estimate of the depth image and other popular denoising algorithms.
Perceived Meaning of Ordered Letter Series

Scaled associative values, based on the responses of 162 subjects, are presented for single letters and ordered letter sequences of Separations 2, 4, and 6. Ratings were generally inversely related to series length, relatively stable, and subject specific. Individual letters were less important as sequence length increased. Subject's response bias had little effect on the final distribution.
Act locally and think globally: Intracerebral testosterone implants induce seasonal-like growth of adult avian song control circuits

There is pronounced seasonal plasticity in the morphology of the neural circuits that regulate song behavior in adult songbirds, primarily in response to changes in plasma testosterone (T) levels. Most song nuclei have androgen receptors. Afferent input from the telencephalic nucleus HVc (also known as the "high vocal center") is necessary for seasonal growth of the direct efferent target nuclei RA and area X. We asked here whether T-stimulated growth of HVc is sufficient to induce growth of its efferent nuclei. Intracerebral T implants were placed unilaterally near HVc or RA in photosensitive adult male white-crowned sparrows for one month. The T implant near HVc produced significant growth of the ipsilateral (but not contralateral) HVc, RA, and area X, and increased neuronal number in the ipsilateral HVc. The T implant near RA did not produce selective growth of ipsilateral RA, HVc, or area X. Intracerebral T implants did not elevate plasma T levels, nor did they stimulate growth of two peripheral androgen sensitive targets, the syrinx and the cloacal protuberance. These results suggest that seasonal growth of the adult song circuits results from T acting directly on HVc, which then stimulates the growth of RA and area X transynaptically.
Spectrophotometric comparison of internal black spot and melanin

Spectrophotometric determinations on three different potato melanin preparations were compared. Results of these analyses would indicate that the two melanins, one obtained from fresh raw potato juice only and one from potato juice plus tyrosine, are closely related to the pigment extracted from the discolored areas of the raw potato affected with black spot. It may be concluded, therefore, that black spot pigmentation is some type of melanin and is not closely related to after-cooking blackening of potato tubers.
Buddhist commons and the question of a third sector in Asia

Very little attention has been devoted by third sector researchers to the question of comparable or related activities in Asia. This article explores a complex of Asian Buddhist religious beliefs and practices using ‘the commons’ as a comparative concept. Examination of published, English-language sources provides clear evidence of the existence of a variety of third sector-like activity in Asia far in the past. Village codes codifying charitable practices and village associations have been recorded in China, Japan and Korea. In addition, a good deal of charitable and philanthropic activity has been associated with Asian Buddhism: beliefs supporting gift exchange (dharma anddana), veneration of certain leader-philanthropists, a distinctive model of community organisation (sangha), a Japanese model of fund-raising (kanjin) campaigns, and a long tradition of international Buddhist convocations are among the range of indigenous common goods which can be found in the Asian context prior to any discernible western influences.
Combined Florisil, Droplet Counter-Current, and High Performance Liquid Chromatographies for the Preparative Isolation and Purification of Azadirachtin from Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Seeds

Abstract An alternate prepurification procedure was developed for the isolation and purification of azadirachtin, a biologically active limonoid, from neem (Azadirachta indica) seeds by the use of Florisil and droplet counter-current chromatographies. The procedure, combined with the use of preparative high performance liquid chromatography, yielded 364.8 mg of >99% pure azadirachtin from 1.5 kg of Indian neem seeds.
Disjunctive Predicates and the Reduction of Psychology

According to the new orthodoxy in the philosophy of mind, the reduction of psychology to physics and chemistry cannot be accomplished. One of the central arguments for this position is based on the alleged necessity of using open-ended disjunctive predicates in the bridge laws which would join the sciences. This is supposed to result in the impossibility of there being law-like correlations between the terms of physics and chemistry and those of psychology. And since this latter is a necessary condition for the reduction, it cannot be accomplished. The gist and force of the argument may be made clearer by considering a specific example which Fodor gives in his book The Language of Thought (New York: 1975). For Fodor, ' "P" is a kind predicate relative to [a science] S iff S contains proper laws of the form "Px -* . . . y" or ". . . y -* Px": roughly, the kind predicates of a science are the ones whose terms are the bound variables in its proper laws.' Given this, Fodor says, 'we can now characterize the respect in which reductionism is too strong. . . . If reductionism is true, then every kind is, or is coextensive with, a physical kind' (p. 14). And this, Fodor thinks, is an absurd hypothesis. Consider, for example, Gresham's Law which says: