cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Continuously Nebulized Ipratropium Bromide Plus Albuterol on Emergency Department Length of Stay and Hospital Admission Rates in Patients With Acute Bronchospasm* A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Objective To compare the outcome of patients with acute bronchospasm treated with continuously nebulized albuterol plus ipratropium bromide vs albuterol alone. Setting The Emergency Department (ED) at the University of California San Francisco Medical Center. Participants Patients ≥ 18 years old presenting to the ED with acute bronchospasm and a peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of Interventions This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects were treated with either a combination of albuterol (10 mg/h) plus ipratropium bromide (1.0 mg/h) or albuterol alone via continuous nebulization for a maximum of 3 h. Vital signs, Borg dyspnea score, and PEFR were recorded hourly. Primary outcome measures were improvement in PEFR, hospital admission rates, and length of stay in the ED. Measurements and results Data was analyzed for 67 subjects. The mean age (± SD) was 47.5 ± 18.8, and mean initial PEFR was 44.8 ± 12.5% of predicted. The median length of stay for all subjects was 225 min, and 31% of all subjects were admitted. Patients given combination therapy averaged 6.3% greater improvement in PEFR compared with control subjects (95% confidence interval [CI], −15% to 27%. The odds ratio for admission with combination therapy was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.28 to 2.8). The median length of stay in the ED was 35 min shorter for those receiving combination treatment (210 vs 245 min; p = 0.03). However, when adjusted for initial PEFR, there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.26). Conclusion Although the direction of all three outcome measures favored combination therapy, there was no statistically significant difference between ED patients with acute bronchospasm receiving continuous albuterol plus ipratropium bromide and those receiving albuterol alone.
The role of listening in interpersonal influence.

Using informant reports on working professionals, we explored the role of listening in interpersonal influence and how listening may account for at least some of the relationship between personality and influence. The results extended prior work which has suggested that listening is positively related to influence for informational and relational reasons. As predicted, we found that: (1) listening had a positive effect on influence beyond the impact of verbal expression, (2) listening interacted with verbal expression to predict influence (such that the relationship between listening and influence was stronger among those more expressive), and (3) listening partly mediated the positive relationships between each of the Big Five dimensions of agreeableness and openness and influence.
A Psychiatric Nursing Conference to Increase Knowledge Related to Genomics

Research in genomics is producing new testing and treatments that are altering the way that mental health care is provided. To respond to questions and requests for information from patients and to...
Rectification of the background potassium current: A determinant of rotor dynamics in ventricular fibrillation

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death. Yet, the mechanisms of VF remain elusive. Pixel-by-pixel spectral analysis of optical signals was carried out in video im...
Projections of highway vehicle population, energy demand, and CO2 emissions in India to 2040

This paper presents projections of motor vehicles, oil demand, and carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) emissions for India through the year 2040. The populations of highway vehicles and two-wheelers are projected under three different scenarios on the basis of economic growth and average household size in India. The results show that by 2040, the number of highway vehicles in India would be 206-309 million. The oil demand projections for the Indian transportation sector are based on a set of nine scenarios arising out of three vehicle-growth and three fuel-economy scenarios. The combined effects of vehicle-growth and fuel-economy scenarios, together with the change in annual vehicle usage, result in a projected demand in 2040 by the transportation sector in India of 404-719 million metric tons (8.5-15.1 million barrels per day). The corresponding annual CO{sub 2} emissions are projected to be 1.2-2.2 billion metric tons.
Collection and analysis of Nicotine as a marker for environmental tobacco smoke

Abstract Nicotine is a potential marker for environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) because it is unique to tobacco smoke and is a major constituent of the smoke. An air sampling method is presented which efficiently collects both particulate and vapor phase nicotine. Two filters are assembled in tandem in a personal sampling cassette. The first filter collects total or size fractional particules and the second is treated with sodium bisulfate to collect vapor phase nicotine and nicotine which has volatilized from the paniculate material collected on the first filler. The nicotine is then desorbed from the filters and analyzed by gas chromatography with nitrogen sensitive detection. The sampling method was evaluated in an environmental chamber under controlled conditions of temperature, humidity, ventilation and smoking rate. It was then employed in a field study of particulate exposures of railroad office workers and railroad mechanics to determine the portion of the particulate exposure attributable to environmental tobacco smoke. The method was found to be efficient and sensitive for the determination of nicotine levels in air.
“If We're Proud of Freud . . .”: The Family Romance of “Judeo-Bolshevism”

This essay examines the vexed question of the relationship between Jews and communism. Drawing largely on archival material, I examine the experiences of several Polish-Jewish communists before, during and after the Second World War. I argue that “Judeo-Bolshevism” is perhaps best understood neither as a antisemitic stereotype or as a sociologically (over)determined proclivity but rather as biography, as epic human drama. A Freudian motif—in particular Oedipal rebellion—frames the essay, which begins and ends with the children and grandchildren of “Judeo-Bolshevism.”
Concanavalin A binding to HIV envelope protein is less sensitive to mutations in glycosylation sites than monoclonal antibody 2G12

Many mannose-binding proteins inhibit divergent strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in in vitro models of viral infectivity, suggesting that targeting mannose residues in vaccine applications might offset the strain restriction typically observed in antibody responses to HIV vaccine preparations. Concanavalin A (ConA) behaves like neutralizing antibodies that do not interfere with CD4 binding of gp120 but rather with later events in virus entry. The design of mannose-based vaccines, therefore, depends on understanding the mode of binding of ConA to the envelope protein in comparison with other mannose-binding proteins. Here, we further compare the binding affinity and fine specificity of ConA for the envelope protein to that of the human antibody 2G12. The 2G12 antibody is of unusual structure recognizing a cluster of 12 linked mannose residues associated with Man9GlcNAc2. Molecular structure comparison for Man9GlcNAc2 recognition by ConA and 2G12 indicates that 2G12 has a more restricted specificity to high mannose glycans of gp120 which correlates with kinetic analysis assessed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and ConA inhibits 2G12 binding to gp120 but 2G12 does not inhibit ConA binding to gp120. ConA binding to Env proteins from four different HIV strains proves significantly less sensitive to mutations in the glycosylation sites than 2G12 binding to the proteins. Thus, antibodies directed toward mannose epitopes reactive with ConA may prove to be more effective in the long run to thwart HIV infection and transmission.
Intel ® IBIST, the full vision realized

Third generation Intel® IBIST (IBIST) is the first full featured edition of what was originally envisioned in 1999. The objective was to create a standard infrastructure for validating, debugging, and testing high speed IOs (Input/Output) which could be supported by a common software toolset. This vision was realized in 2009 on Intel products. The IBIST methodology has become a standard at Intel. Today, IBIST is utilized from the very beginning of the product verification including initial power-on silicon debug. It a staple throughout the back-end product validation process and is also utilized in end-customer validation and high volume testing. Intel's platform Reliability, Availability, Serviceability(collectively referred to as RAS) architecture exploits the technology on a number of fronts as well. The content of this paper includes an overview of the problems which mandated this paradigm shift away from the historical IO testing methodologies, an IBIST architectural overview, and the key application spaces addressed by this technology.
Quantum Mechanical Treatment of Si-O Bond Breakage in Silica Under Time Dependent Dielectric Breakdown Testing

Using a generalized Mie-Gruneisen bonding potential, a quantum mechanical treatment (WKB method) for Si-O bond breakage in silica is presented under the conditions of high electric field, hole injection and hydrogen release. The full spectrum of bound-state energy eigenvalues is used to calculate the transmission probability whereby bond breakage occurs when the Si-ion goes from 4-fold to 3-fold coordination. When this full spectrum of bound-state energy eigenvalues is considered, it is shown that, due to the mass of the Si-ion and the width of the potential energy barrier separating the 4-fold and 3-fold coordinated bonding positions, the tunneling probability is relatively small and thus the transmission probability is described well by thermionic emission. It is further shown that stretched bonds, hole capture and hydrogen release can all have a significant impact on the barrier height and thus greatly impact the transmission probability.
Effects of conversion to organic agricultural practices on soil biota

In the fifth year of an agricultural conversion experiment in Pennsylvania, we studied the soil biological community under three treatment regimes planted with corn: organic-manure, organic-legume, and a conventional system. The organic treatments consisted of complex crop rotations, cultivations, and organic matter inputs to control pests and maintain soil fertility. The conventional system consisted of a simple corn/soybean rotation with synthetic fertilizer and pesticide inputs. High rates of CO2 evolution (a measure of potential microbial activity) in the organic plots corresponded with high levels of organic matter input. Soil nematodes were most abundant in organic plots, although seasonal patterns differed between the two organic treatments. Soil microarthropods were dominated by fungivorous Prostigmata mites, which reached peak abundance in organic plots two to five months after organic matter incorporation. Oribatid mites, which were rare throughout the study, followed the same pattern of abundance in each treatment and were probably most influenced by tillage disturbances. Predatory Mesostigmata were generally more abundant in organic plots. Surface-dwelling Collembola were abundant briefly in the spring, but soil-dwelling species dominated numerically throughout the cropping season. Spring tillage appeared to have a strong negative effect on earthworm populations in all plots. Small earthworm species became abundant in organic-manure plots during the summer. Larger earthworm species were abundant in organic-legume and conventional plots after the autumn harvest, when crop residues covered the undisturbed soil The systems-level nature of the Conversion Project experiment makes it difficult to identify cause-effect relationships. The data do suggest that organic amendments tend to enhance soil biological activity, while tillage disturbances tend to disrupt the biotic community.
A Convective Line with Leading Stratiform Precipitation from BAMEX

Abstract On 31 May 2003, a front-fed convective line with leading stratiform precipitation (FFLS) was observed during the Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortex Experiment (BAMEX). The high-resolution BAMEX measurements provided one of the first opportunities to thoroughly observe the characteristics of an FFLS system. The 31 May system had an overturning updraft during its early stages, and produced leading stratiform precipitation. As the system matured, a jump updraft developed and the system began to produce trailing stratiform precipitation. It appears that this transition was facilitated by a local decrease in the low-level line-perpendicular vertical wind shear over time, as well as an increase in the surface cold pool’s strength. The BAMEX data further help to address the question of how FFLS systems can be long lived when their inflow passes through the line-leading precipitation: preline soundings suggest a destabilization mechanism resulting from the vertical profile of cooling within the lea...
On-line inventory cost minimization for make-to-stock manufacturing systems

In this paper we study Make-To-Stock manufacturing systems and seek buffer capacities (hedging points) that balance inventory against stockout costs. Using a Stochastic Fluid Model (SFM), we derive sample derivatives which, under very weak structural assumptions on the defining demand and service processes, are shown to be unbiased estimators of the sensitivities of a cost function with respect to these capacities. Furthermore, the sample derivatives are nonparametric, i.e., not only are they independent of the distributions of the underlying random processes that drive the system, but they also require no knowledge of any model parameters (processing or demand rates). As a result, they can be evaluated based on data from real systems.
Structure and partial genomic sequence of the human E2F1 gene

The E2F family of transcription factors appears to play a critical role in the transcription of certain genes required for cell cycle progression. E2F1, the first cloned member of this family, is regulated during the cell cycle at the mRNA level by changes in transcription of the E2F1 gene and at the protein level by complex formation with proteins such as the retinoblastoma gene product (pRB), cyclin A and DP1. E2F1 can override a pRB-induced G1/S block and can behave as an oncogene in certain cells. E2F1 was cloned and was found to contain seven exons. The dinucleotides at the 5' and 3' splice sites of intron 4 do not agree with consensus splice site sequences. Fluorescence in situ hybridization localized E2F1 to chromosome 20q11. Knowledge of the organization of E2F1 may facilitate identification of additional E2F family members, as well as detection of E2F1 abnormalities in human tumors.
A review of the ergonomics of work in the US military chemical protective clothing

Abstract Encapsulating protective clothing (PC) is often employed in industry; however, its use often limits worker productivity. Because there are many potential variables including PC type, work rate and work task, environment, worker's physical status, and workers fitness, synthesis of the research literature is difficult. This paper reviews some of the key issues in PC use, and attempts to extend the observations from a military PC to industrial PC types. Work tolerance was found to be decreased in all PC work even in cool (18°C WBGT) environments. Liquid, air and ice cooling were found to provide beneficial effects in industrial type set rags. Prediction of work tolerance in PC has been attempted on both a global and individual basis with some success. Individualized prediction may permit more liberal tolerance limits, and may improve voluntary compliance with safety standards. Cognitive performance in PC was found to decrease in certain situations. Considerable additional basic research on increasing worker productivity and safety in PC is needed.
Assessing the financial impacts of distributed energy on load serving entities

Abstract This article analyzes the financial impact of distributed energy resources (DERs) owned and operated by commercial customers on the load serving entities (LSEs). DERs reduce the customers' electricity bills and hence the revenues collected by their LSE. However, changes in customer demand profiles can potentially reduce the aggregated system demand profile, and therefore, reduce the LSE's costs in wholesale markets. Analysis of these financial impacts indicates that the LSE's lost revenue ultimately outweighs its reduced expenses. This is largely due to a significant reduction in revenue from demand charges. Dispatchable DERs, including energy storages and demand response, result in more financial losses for LSEs than photovoltaics. The financial losses LSEs face indicate that redesigning commercial customer tariffs is necessary in order for LSEs to accommodate customer owned DERs properly. Several suggestions on modifying commercial tariffs are presented.
Psychoactive Substance Abuse

Substance use disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric conditions among the general population (Robins, Helzer, Weissman, Orvaschel, Gruenberg, Bruke, & Regier, 1984). These conditions constitute a major public health problem and result in enormous economic costs to society (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [NIAAA], 1991). Numerous definitions and taxonomic schemata have been advanced to characterize these disorders (Hill, 1985; Meyer, 1986). The two most widely accepted ones, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) International Classification of Diseases (ICD) (World Health Organization [WHO], 1977) and the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) (American Psychiatric Association, 1987), are periodically modified. These periodic changes in definition highlight the many uncertainties that surround the criteria for these disorders.
Mapping neural circuits with CLARITY

The use of whole-brain imaging has shed new light on the organization of the dopamine system.
The cumulant based MUSIC and its use in frequency estimation

A technique for estimating the frequency components of a signal with additive colored noise is presented. This technique is a cumulant-based MUSIC-type method that effectively operates based on good estimates of the cumulants and the separation of signal and noise subspaces of the fourth-order cumulant matrix. The cumulant-based MUSIC offers the same performance as the noiseless case and provides infinite resolution. Results for simulated colored noisy data with decreasing signal-to-noise ratio values are presented, and a comparison with the correlation-based MUSIC method is made to demonstrate the validity of proposed technique. Due to its insensitivity to Gaussian and non-Gaussian processes, the cumulant-based MUSIC provides better performance and higher frequency resolution than the correlation-based MUSIC. >
Subsistence Farming in Southern Florida (1840–1940): The Importance of Sweet Potato—In Memory of Daniel F. Austin

Daniel F. Austin (1943–2015) was a leading authority on Convolvulaceae and especially the Ipomoea batatas complex, which includes the sweet potato and its relatives. He also published extensively on the useful plants of Florida. However, he never examined sweet potato and its importance to Florida’s Native American populations or its early settlers. This paper fills that gap. Foraging supported southern Florida’s first inhabitants, and supplemented subsistence agriculture for European, African–American, and indigenous populations, who later settled throughout the region. Large–scale maize cultivation was noted in northern Florida at the time of European contact. At the state’s southern terminus, only limited agriculture was feasible until drainage projects began in the 1900s. Here, I document the importance of sweet potato as a major subsistence crop in southern Florida from the 1840s to the 1940s. Like other systems in the humid tropics, sweet potato and other root crops replaced corn as the primary staple. One can argue that, without the sweet potato, early settlement in southern Florida would have failed until the railroads could bring imported foods.
Assessment of Student Engagement When Using a Novel Board Game for Teaching Thoracic Radiography to Fourth-Year Veterinary Students

A board game was developed with the aim of providing veterinary students a new means of associating radiographic findings with relevant differential diagnoses. This board game required students to correctly match disease processes to radiographic patterns that they may produce. When surveyed, 100 % (101/101) of students responded that they enjoyed the game, 98.0 % (99/101) indicated that their knowledge of thoracic differential diagnoses improved, and 99.0 % (100/101) answered that playing the game was a worthwhile activity. Thus, educational board games can be used as an adjunct to traditional methods of clinical teaching and may improve students’ engagement in their learning.
LTE-Advanced enhancement for vehicular communication

Recently, vehicular communication has become an important application in wireless communications. The Long Term Evolution (LTE) system is considered as one candidate to realize vehicular communication due to many reasons, such as: 1. The LTE system provides extensive coverage. 2. The LTE system provides low transmission latency. 3. In Release 12, the LTE system supports ProSe device-todevice (D2D) service, which can be extended to support vehicular communication.
Isospin splitting of the giant dipole resonance in 60Ni

The most stringent test to date of the concept of isospin splitting of the giant dipole resonance in a medium-weight nucleus has been performed by a study of the (γ, n0), (γ, p0), and (γ, γ) reaction channels for 60Ni. The ground-state photoneutron cross section for 60Ni was measured and compared with the already known (γ, p0) reaction cross section in order to demonstrate isospin splitting. The relative strength and separation of the isospin-dependent components of the resonance were estimated from an analysis of photon scattering data.
Immunopathology induced by the feline leukemia virus

Infection of pet cats by FeLV results in virus replication in cells of the immune system. The virus causes both immune cell depletion and dysfunction which result in several FeLV-induced immunopathologic diseases and numerous secondary immunosuppressive diseases which together are the major cause of death of FeLV-infected cats. FeLV infection also activates complement and causes hypocomplementemia. In addition, persistent FeLV infection results in the formation of intact FeLV and FeLV structural antigen-antibody immune complexes which cause immune complex glomerulonephritis. Recently it has been possible to reverse FeLV viremia and, in some cases, cause regression of lymphosarcoma by removing FeLV circulating immune complexes from the plasma. This latest advance in experimental therapy together with our current understanding of the immunopathologic effects of FeLV gives hope that, someday, we will learn how to overcome the deleterious effects of the virus. Such a success with FeLV-infected cats would, hopefully, be applicable to retrovirus or non-oncogenic viral-induced immunopathologic diseases of humans.
Concentration of immature and mature granulocytes from normal human bone marrow.

SummaryHighly enriched fractions of mature and immature granulocytes were isolated from human bone marrow cell suspensions by Ficoll density centrifugation. Fractions of immature cells contained myelocytes (45%), promyelocytes plus blasts (31%), and only 8% mature neutrophils. Fractions of mature cells contained 85% cells at the metamyelocyte to polymorphonuclear stages of maturation and only 9% immature neutrophils. The cells were well preserved morphologically and are useful for biochemical studies of cell maturation.
Internet Appendix for Attracting Flows by Attracting Big Clients

We explore a new channel to attract inflows using a unique dataset of corporate 401(k) retirement plans and their mutual fund family trustees. Families secure substantial inflows by attracting 401(k) plan assets through being trustee. This affords the plan sponsor potential influence on the family's portfolio decisions. Consistent with this, we find that family trustees significantly overweight their 401(k) client firm's stock. Trustee overweighting is more pronounced when the conflict of interest of the trustee family is more severe and when other mutual funds are selling the client firm's stock. This overweighting is not explained by superior information. We quantify a potentially large benefit to the 401(k) sponsor firm of having its price propped up by its trustee fund's more severe overweighting. We also estimate the resulting loss to mutual fund investors, which in some cases can be large.The paper "Attracting Flows by Attracting Big Clients" may be found here:http://ssrn.com/abstract=1299312.
College Men’s Experiences of Gender Prejudice

Despite evidence suggesting that men’s experiences of gender discrimination are increasing, there has been little research exploring the topic. This article examines college men’s (N = 145) experie...
Analysis on the missing reports of infectious diseases in medical institutions in Shenzhen City

Objective To investigate the missing reports of infectious diseases in medical institutions of Shenzhen City so as to further improve the quality of infectious disease surveillance reporting. Methods A statistical analysis was conducted on the surveyed data concerning the missing reports of infectious diseases in medical institutions of Shenzhen City from2005 to 2011. Results The average missing report rate was 1.66%in Shenzhen City during 2005-2011,of which the missing report rates of category A,B and C notifiable diseases were 0.00%,1.77% and 1.52%,respectively.There was no statistically significant difference in the missing report rates of category B and C notifiable diseases.The top 5infectious diseases with highest missing report rate were malaria,pulmonary tuberculosis,scarlet fever,measles and mumps.The missing report rates of infectious diseases in outpatient and laboratory departments were 2.00% and 1.96% respectively,which were significantly higher than that of inpatient department(0.62%).The timely reporting rate of infectious diseases was 98.14%,and the completeness and accuracy rates of reporting card filling were 95.78%and 92.64%,respectively.Conclusions The missing report rate of infectious diseases is declining but the quality of the reports is improving in recent years,which are closely related to implementing a series of comprehensive administration measures.Hospital information administration system can be used as an important assistant tool to decrease the missing reports of infectious diseases and improve the quality of reports in future.
Is field hypotension a reliable indicator of significant injury in trauma patients who are normotensive on arrival to the emergency department

There is a subset of trauma patients who are hypotensive in the field but normotensive on arrival to the emergency department (ED). Our objective was to evaluate the presence, type, and severity of injuries in these patients. Data were retrospectively reviewed from patients treated at a level 1 trauma center over 1 year. Hypotension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) less than 90 mm Hg. Forty-seven patients were included. The mechanism of injury was blunt in 37 patients and penetrating in 10. The average field SBP was 76 ± 11 mm Hg. The average SBP on arrival to the ED was 120 ± 19 mm Hg. The average injury severity score (ISS) was 16.3 ± 10.3 (range, 1-43). Twenty-four patients (51%) had significant injury (ISS > 16). Nine patients (19%) had critical injury (ISS ≥ 25). Twenty-six patients (55%) required surgery, and 43 (91%) required ICU admission. Common injury sites included the head and neck (57%), thorax (44%), pelvis and extremities (40%), and abdomen (34%). Overall mortality was 10 per cent (n = 5). All patients that died had significant head and neck injuries (AIS ≥ 3). Field hypotension was a significant marker for potential serious internal injury requiring prompt diagnostic workup.
Aerobic metabolism and swimming energetics of the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta.

Oxygen consumption rates (VO2) were measured for painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) swimming in a respirometer at controlled speeds. Sustained specific swimming speeds ranged from 0.75 to 1.52 body lengths (L) per s. Over most of this range endurance exceeded 30 min. VO2 increased curvillinearly with swimming speed (U) and the maximum active rate was 9 times resting (0.26 ml O2/min), and 3 times routine (0.64 ml O2/min). Mass specific metabolic scope was 228 ml O2/(kg.h), similar to that reported for other active chelonians. Cost of transport increased from 3.86 to 5.72 J/(kg.m) over the speed range tested. Swimming costs for rowing painted turtles are greater than those for marine reptiles utilizing anguilliform or lift-producing hydrofoil propulsion. The increased swimming cost for the amphibious painted turtle suggests that morphological specializations permitting effective terrestrial transport, increase energetic expenditures during swimming.
Abstract 253: Blood Pressure Control at 6 Months After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention at a Veterans Hospital

Background: Blood pressure (BP) control in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) decreases morbidity and mortality. The US Joint National Committee VII (JNC-7) recommends patients with underlying CAD have a goal systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 130 and a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) < 80. These goals can be achieved by using multiple classes of drugs, including beta-blockers (BB), angiotensin antagonists (ACE-I/ARB), calcium channel blockers (CCB), nitrates and diuretics. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study focusing on the achievement of JNC-7 recommended BP goals in a diverse population of 1052 veterans undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) between September 2004 and December 2011 at the Jesse Brown Veterans Hospital in Chicago, IL. Data was collected comparing both BP measurements and anti-hypertensive regimens pre- and post- PCI. Results: In the 1052 patients studied, the mean SBP decreased from 134 mm Hg to 128 mm Hg, and the mean DBP decreased from 73 mm Hg to 70 mm Hg. In regards to the JNC-7 guidelines, the percent of patients who achieved SBP goals increased from 44% (462 of 1052) to 54% (567 of 1050), and the percent of patients who achieved DBP goals increased from 71% (747 of 1052) to 78% (819 of 1050). There was a statistically significant increase in the use of ACE-I/ARB from 61% (645 of 1050) to 74% (776 of 1046), BB from 69% (723 of 1050) to 87% (912 of 1047), and nitrates from 23% (244 of 1050) to 28% (289 of 1046). The use of diuretics increased from 40% 422 of 1050) to 41% (426 of 1047), which was not statistically significant. There was a decrease in the use of CCB from 32% (332 of 1050) to 28% (293 of 1044), which was also not statistically significant. Conclusion: There was improvement in both mean BP and percentage of patients achieving JNC-7 recommended goals for SBP and DBP at six months post PCI, although overall percentages still remain suboptimal. Additionally, medication use improved in most drug classes. Beta-blocker, angiotensin antagonist as well as nitrate use increased significantly. Use of calcium channels blockers, which have no proven mortality benefit in this cohort, decreased, however this was not statistically significantly. Data was collected comparing both BP measurements and anti-hypertensive regimens pre- and post- PCI.
Novel magnetic relaxation nanosensors: an unparalleled “spin” on influenza diagnosis

Rapid detection and diagnosis of pathogenic strains of influenza is necessary for expedited treatment and quicker resolutions to the ever-rising flu pandemics. Considering this, we propose the development of novel magnetic relaxation nanosensors (MRnS) for the rapid detection of influenza through targeted binding with hemagglutinin. 2,6- and 2,3-sialic acid ligands and entry blocker peptides are conjugated to iron oxide nanoparticles to create functional MRnS. Positive detection of various hemagglutinin variants (H1 and H5) is possible with protein concentrations as little as 1.0 nM. Most importantly, detection using functional MRnS is achieved within minutes and differentiates between influenza subtypes. This specificity allows mixtures of MRnS to screen for multiple pathogens at once, discarding the need to conduct multiple individual tests. Current methods used to diagnose influenza, such as RT-PCR and viral culturing, while largely effective, are complex, time-consuming and costly. As well, they are not as sensitive or specific, and have been known to produce false-positive results. In contrast to these methods, targeted MRnS are robust, point-of-care diagnostic tools featuring simple, rapid and low-cost procedures. These qualities, as well as high sensitivity and specificity, and low turnaround times, make a strong case for the diagnostic application of MRnS in clinical settings.
Microtubule Organization Determines Axonal Transport Dynamics

Axonal microtubule (MT) arrays are the major cytoskeleton substrate for cargo transport. How MT organization, i.e., polymer length, number, and minus-end spacing, is regulated and how it impinges on axonal transport are unclear. We describe a method for analyzing neuronal MT organization using light microscopy. This method circumvents the need for electron microscopy reconstructions and is compatible with live imaging of cargo transport and MT dynamics. Examination of a C. elegans motor neuron revealed how age, MT-associated proteins, and signaling pathways control MT length, minus-end spacing, and coverage. In turn, MT organization determines axonal transport progression: cargoes pause at polymer termini, suggesting that switching MT tracks is rate limiting for efficient transport. Cargo run length is set by MT length, and higher MT coverage correlates with shorter pauses. These results uncover the principles and mechanisms of neuronal MT organization and its regulation of axonal cargo transport.
Neglected Patellar Tendon Rupture With Massive Proximal Patellar Migration Treated With Patellar Transport and Staged Allograft Reconstruction: A Report of 2 Cases.

Neglected or chronic ruptures of the patellar tendon are defined as ruptures presenting after 6 weeks. Late presentation is often due to neglect or missed diagnosis.1,12 With chronic ruptures, the patient presents with weakness, instability, and pain. Management of patients with chronic ruptures is difficult due to adhesions, proximal patellar migration, contracture, and quadriceps muscle atrophy.29 Before reconstruction of the patellar tendon (using autografts, allografts, or synthetic materials), the position of the patella must be normalized. Several methods had been reported to relocate the proximally migrated patella distally to its anatomic location, including preoperative traction, intraoperative traction, quadricepsplasty, and external fixation.8,15,17,20,27,30,31,33 The aim of this case report was to present the use of ring and wire external fixation applying the lengthening principles of Ilizarov13 to mobilize the proximally migrated patella distally as a successful treatment of chronic neglected patellar tendon rupture followed by second-stage patellar tendon reconstruction using an allograft. We report our experience in 2 cases, with an improved modification of the external fixator construct used for distal patellar transport in case 2. This report of 2 cases was approved by the Hospital for Special Surgery Institution Review Board.
Diverse foraging opportunities drive the functional response of local and landscape-scale bear predation on Pacific salmon.

The relationship between prey abundance and predation is often examined in single habitat units or populations, but predators may occupy landscapes with diverse habitats and foraging opportunities. The vulnerability of prey within populations may depend on habitat features that hinder predation, and increased density of conspecifics in both the immediate vicinity and the broader landscape. We evaluated the relative effects of physical habitat, local, and neighborhood prey density on predation by brown bears on sockeye salmon in a suite of 27 streams using hierarchical Bayesian functional response models. Stream depth and width were inversely related to the maximum proportion of salmon killed, but not the asymptotic limit on total number killed. Interannual variation in predation was density dependent; the number of salmon killed increased with fish density in each stream towards an asymptote. Seven streams in two geographical groups with ≥23 years of data in common were then analyzed for neighborhood density effects. In most (12 of 18) cases predation in a stream was reduced by increasing salmon abundance in neighboring streams. The uncertainty in the estimates for these neighborhood effects may have resulted from interactions between salmon abundance and habitat that influenced foraging by bears, and from bear behavior (e.g., competitive exclusion) and abundance. Taken together, the results indicated that predator–prey interactions depend on density at multiple spatial scales, and on habitat features of the surrounding landscape. Explicit consideration of this context dependency should lead to improved understanding of the ecological impacts of predation across ecosystems and taxa.
Bubble tracking analysis of PWR two-phase flow simulations based on the level set method

Abstract Bubbly flow is a common natural phenomenon and a challenging engineering problem yet to be fully understood. More insights from either experiments or numerical simulations are desired to better model and predict the bubbly flow behavior. Direct numerical simulation (DNS) has been gaining renewed interests as an attractive approach towards the accurate modeling of two-phase turbulent flows. Though DNS is computationally expensive, it can provide highly reliable data for model development along with experiments. The ever-growing computing power is also allowing us to study flows of increasingly high Reynolds numbers. However, the conventional simulation and analysis methods are becoming inadequate when dealing with such ‘big data’ generated from large-scale DNS. This paper presents our recent effort in developing the advanced analysis framework for two-phase bubbly flow DNS. It will show how one can take advantage of the ‘big data’ and translate it into in-depth insights. Specifically, a novel bubble tracking method has been developed, which can collect detailed two-phase flow information at the individual bubble level. Due to the importance of subcooled boiling phenomenon in pressurized water reactors (PWR), the bubbly flow is simulated within a PWR subchannel geometry with the bubble tracking capability. It has been demonstrated that bubble tracking method significantly improves the data extraction efficiency for level-set based interface tracking simulations. Statistical analysis was introduced to post-process the recorded data to study the dependencies of bubble behavior with local flow dynamics.
The need for improved support for interacting with block examples

Programmers often attempt to use example code in order to fix bugs, learn, and remind themselves of code concepts. Many existing programming environments make text code examples available for the common programmer. Blocks code examples are typically less available within programming environments and harder to re-appropriate, especially for novices learning independently. This position statement suggests ways of making example code more available and useful to novice programmers in blocks programming environments.
Special Issue Introduction: Digital Engagement with Advertising

The topic of digital engagement has received much attention in recent years but digital engagement and advertising has previously never been treated as a special issue topic in leading journals in ...
Timed instrumental activities of daily living in multiple sclerosis: The test of everyday cognitive ability (TECA)

Abstract Objective Cognitive impairment is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS) that can lead to declines in daily functioning. Timed instrumental activities of daily living (TIADLs) have been useful to bridge between cognitive testing and real-world functioning in disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. However, these have not been standardized for general use, and the tasks that are typically employed have not been sensitive to the detection of milder forms of cognitive deficits. We developed a test of ten TIADLs tasks to measure a broader range of functioning, entitled the “Test of Everyday Cognitive Ability” or TECA, and tested its utility in a diverse sample of participants with MS. Method TECA performance was characterized in n = 177 participants with MS and compared to healthy controls (n = 49). A subset from each group received repeated administration. In addition, all participants completed a standard battery of neuropsychological measures. Results TECA performances were significantly different between MS and control participants. Further, MS participants with cognitive impairment performed significantly slower relative to those MS participants without impairment. Conclusions The TECA is a TIADLs assessment appropriate for use in those with MS as it includes a broad range of task difficulties, requires minimum motor involvement, and is sensitive to MS-related cognitive impairment. The TECA is a brief and repeatable test of TIADLs and its ease of administration makes it suitable for both clinical practice and research settings.
Childhood Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and the Schools

There has been a growing research and clinical interest in children who meet the criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). An increase in family violence, violence in schools, and a variet...
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF ANEMIA ON HEART FAILURE HOSPITALIZATIONS: A NATIONAL INPATIENT SAMPLE ANALYSIS

Anemia is a frequent comorbidity in heart failure (HF) and associated with poor outcomes. We sought to investigate the economic impact of anemia on HF hospitalizations using a national database. National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was used to identify all hospitalizations between 2011 and 2014
Fashion Brand and Retailer Collaborations: An Effective Strategy to Favorably Change Consumers’ Brand Evaluations: An Abstract

A rapidly growing trend within fashion retailing is brands collaborating with retailers to offer exclusive partnership collections that vary in duration (i.e., ongoing vs. limited edition) (Ginman et al. 2010; Kim et al. 2014; Rollet et al. 2013). A recent vivid example of this limited edition strategy is Lilly Pulitzer’s collaboration with Target. An additional critical factor for the success of a brand when it collaborates with a retailer is the notion of perceived fit (Wang et al. 2015). Perceived fit, the extent to which consumers accept new products as logical and expected from a brand (Tauber 1988), is vital in the case of collaborations because if the partner is poorly chosen (i.e., low fit exists), it can damage consumers’ brand appraisals, as demonstrated by the failed partnership between Neiman Marcus and Target in 2013 (Thau 2013; White 2013). Such opportunities for growth and publicity may be enticing in brand and retailer collaborations, and pursuing them may change consumers’ evaluation of the brand.
Radiation Oncology Online: Quality, Strategies, and Disparities

Although much is known about the quality of online health information (OHI) for many malignancies, the availability of high-quality OHI for oncologic treatments remains undefined. Furthermore, search strategies that improve quality of radiation oncology OHI, and disparities in availability of high-quality OHI, are not well-described. Forty phrases describing malignancies and their treatment modalities (radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery), and 57 phrases describing radiation oncology treatments, including abbreviations for some treatments and translations in different languages, were generated. The Health on the Net Foundation framework for assessing OHI quality was applied to the top 100 websites listed for each search phrase. The availability of high-quality OHI between malignancies and treatment modalities, and among treatment modalities, was compared. The roles of radiation oncology term abbreviation, search result order, patient gender, and language, on availability of high-quality OHI, were also assessed. Among the first 10, 20, and 50 websites for each search phrase, there were significantly more high-quality websites for phrases describing malignancies compared with respective treatment modalities (P < 0.02 for all). There were no differences among treatment modalities. Among radiation oncology treatment phrases, there were no significant differences between searches for full-name phrases and their respective abbreviations, though earlier results were more likely to be of high quality. Gender did not affect quality of OHI, though language did. Availability of high-quality OHI for cancer treatments lags behind that of cancer OHI. For radiation oncology treatment OHI, search strategies and patient disparities highlight potential areas for provider intervention and increased quality of OHI.
RESPONSE: On Saying Goodbye

When I was training to be a physician nearly 40 years ago, I honestly cannot remember a single in-depth discussion with my many mentors about how I should approach the grieving family members of patients who had passed away under my care. There were tips, apologies, and encouragement about how to
Abstract 4273: Inhibition of autophagy increases HNSCC sensitivity to cancer therapies

Background: Radiation and EGFR-targeted therapies are commonly used in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). These treatments fail to control a significant number of cancers resulting in a 5-year survival rate that remains around 40-50%. We have shown that both cetuximab and radiation induce autophagy, a pro-survival cellular stress response, in head and neck cancer. In this study, we examine the consequence of autophagy inhibition and investigate the molecular mechanism underlying therapy-induced autophagy. Methods: Autophagy was assessed using a nano-Luc LC3 reporter (Promega), immunofluorescence for LC3, p62, and acridine orange in HNSCC cell lines. RNAi knockdown of EGFR and LAPTM4B were used to test the involved signaling molecules. Radiation was delivered using a RS225 cabinet irradiator at a dose rate of approximately 3 Gy/min with dose validation by TLD using custom phantoms. Cetuximab was delivered via intraperitoneal injection. Vps34 inhibitor SAR405 and ULK1 inhibitor SBI-0206965 were used to determine whether inhibition of autophagy reduces cell survival or represses cancer cell growth in the clonogenic assay. A flank xenograft model using A253 cells was used to test the combination of autophagy inhibitors and current therapies in vivo. Results: As previously shown, both cetuximab and radiation induced autophagy by two times. Knockdown of EGFR and LAPTM4B decreased autophagy (62.5% and 65%, respectively) when assessed using the nano-Luc reporter assay. Similar results were seen using IF. Using a clonogenic survival assay, the combination of SAR405 and radiation resulted in complete loss of cell survival suggesting a radiosensitizing effect. In vivo, SAR405 treatment improved tumor control when combined with radiation or cetuximab when compared to either treatment alone. Conclusions: Therapy induced autophagy is dependent upon expression of both EGFR and LAPTM4B. Inhibition of autophagy resulted decreased cell survival in vitro and resulted in decreased in vivo tumor growth. These results suggest that inhibition of autophagy may be a viable approach to sensitize HNSCC to anti-cancer treatments. Citation Format: Yong-Syu Lee, Justin Skiba, Jaimee Kubatzke, Kwangok P. Nickel, Randall Kimple. Inhibition of autophagy increases HNSCC sensitivity to cancer therapies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4273.