cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An archaeological scaphocephal from California.

The scaphocephalic specimen described in this paper was uncovered in the Fall of 1957 by an archaeological field crew from San Francisco State College in the presence of one of the authors. The locale is a large aboriginal occupation site known as 4-Ala-328, Newark Site’ on the southeast shore of San Francisco Bay. In outline the site is a large ovoid mound, approximately 350 feet northsouth axis and 250 feet east-west diameter, with a depth of some 13 feet near the center, the cross-section being typically lenticular. The mound rises from a flat alluvial plain, 6 feet above sea-level, to an elevation of 151/2 feet above sealevel at its highest point. The site is on the Patterson Ranch, three miles due south of the small town of Alvarado.’ Including earlier excavation at the Newark site in 1935, extensive annual work at the mound from 1949 to 1958 has resulted in some 300 burials and over 2,000 artifacts, with about 25% of the midden having been explored. Osteological remains and cultural evidence leave no doubt that the inhabitants were Amerindians. A mound recognized as an ancient Indian habitation appears on an early map (1873) of San Francisco Bay at the approximate location as the one under discussion, but as there are actually two mounds here (4-Ala-328 and 4-Ala-329), we cannot be sure to which mound the map precisely refers. The historic aborigines of this region were called generally “Costeiio” (coast-dwellers) by the early Spanish and later Mexican settlers; this term has been anglicized to “Costanoan” and so appears in anthropological and historical literature. Archaeologists distinguish for Central California three cultural horizons, termed Early, ending about 4,000 years BP; M i d dle, beginning about 3,500 years BP; and Late, beginning about 1,200 years BP and lasting until historic times, or contact with European~.~ In certain sites there may be considerable over-lap of the three horizons. From archaeological investigations by the University of California and San Francisco State College, it appears that the San Francisco Bay region was occupied by Middle Horizon hunters and shellfish gatherers by 3,500 years BP. Cultural distinctions in the Newark site under consideration are Earlier Middle, Later Middle, and Late Horizons. Radiocarbon dates (sample C-690) have been obtained from wood charcoal from the Later Middle Horizon level“ (table 1). The scaphocephalic individual (burial no. 248) considered in this paper is from the Later Middle Horizon. Any precise archaeological conclusions for the mound as a whole must await detailed analysis of field data by the archaeologist in charge, Dr. Ad& E. Treganza,‘ as work at the site still continues.
Correlates of ideal body size among black and white adolescents

Cultural differences have been found in body image perceptions among Black and White adolescents, however little is known about the factors associated with perceptions of an ideal body size (IBS). This study examined differences in correlates of IBS among 265 Black (116 girls and 62 boys) and White (63 girls and 24 boys) adolescents. IBS for White girls and boys was related to perceptions of how their parents wanted them to look, while IBS for Black girls was related to perception of how peers look and would like to look. IBS for Black boys was significantly related to perceptions of their current size, how peers would like to look, how parents think they look, and depressive symptoms. Findings suggest cultural differences in the factors related to body image perceptions and have implications for educational programs promoting healthy body image development among Black and White adolescents.
Scanning electrochemical microscopy of living cells. 5. Imaging of fields of normal and metastatic human breast cells.

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was used to image fields of different types of human breast cells in monolayer culture. The goal of these experiments was to demonstrate the possibility of distinguishing between nontransformed human breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) and metastatic breast cells (MDA-MB-231) by their redox activities. Imaging of densely packed cells by SECM requires approaches that differ from previously reported experiments with well-separated single cells. The combination of SECM with optical and fluorescence microscopies was used to locate individual cells in a homogeneous or heterogeneous field of cells. To establish that metastatic breast cells can be detected against a field of normal cells, the former were preloaded with fluorescent nanospheres and plated together with unlabeled MCF-10A cells. By matching SECM and fluorescence images of a selected group of metastatic cells, the level of discrimination and fidelity of the SECM signal could be shown. Several factors (distance...
Chemical and luminosity evolution, and counts of galaxies in a merger model

A merger model is applied to the chemical and luminosity evolution of galaxies. Two aspects are focused on. The first is the problem of abundance ratios as a function of metallicity. The second is related to the luminosity evolution of galaxies. In relation to the former, we calculate the evolution of several chemical elements exploring a broad space of possible star formation rates, including those derived using phenomenological arguments from a multiple merger galaxy formation scenario. We are able to reproduce the observed plateau in the ratio of the abundances of oxygen to iron versus metallicity as a direct consequence of one of the merging SFR used; we have utilized a standard Type II supernovae nucleosynthesis scenario coupled with a reasonable binary model for Type Ia supernovae and its consequent nucleosynthetic yields. Following the consequent luminosity effects in a straightforward way enables the estimation of the evolution of bolometric luminosity. We have used our recently developed code for photometric evolution of galaxies to make a preliminary computation of the number-magnitude relationship, assuming a standard picture of galaxy evolution, in the B and K bands.
Extending surface temperature and emissivity retrieval to the mid-infrared (3-5 μm) using the Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI)

Abstract Surface-temperature (T) and emissivity (e) estimation from remotely sensed mid-infrared (MIR: 3–5 μm) data requires modifications to existing long-wave infrared (LWIR: 8–12 μm) T/e separation algorithms because of the significantly different characteristics of Planck's function between the MIR and LWIR wavelength regions and the strong effects of reflected solar irradiance in the MIR. A modified version of the normalized emissivity method (NEM), utilizing independently scaled maximum emissivities in each channel, was applied to thermal data acquired by the Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) with two MIR channels, J (3.81 μm) and K (4.97 μm), and three LWIR channels, L (8.26 μm), M (8.65 μm), and N (10.51 μm). Atmosphere-free simulations of T and e retrieval over a wide variety of terrestrial surfaces yielded T values within ± 0.75 K of ‘true T’ in the range of 270–330 K and e values within ± 0.011 of true e in channels L, M and N, and ± 0.019 and ± 0.023 in channels K and J, respectively. The algorithm was tested successfully using MTI data over the Mauna Loa caldera in Hawaii. Unconstrained effects of shading and unresolved shadows in channel J day time data, and the strong atmospheric effects in channel K limit the application of the algorithm, in its present form, to night-time data.
Variations in earthquake rupture properties along the Gofar transform fault, East Pacific Rise

Mid-ocean ridge transform faults experience more foreshocks than continental faults, yet the mainshock rarely ruptures the entire fault. Analysis of seismic data from the Gofar transform fault at the East Pacific Rise indicates that the foreshock region has different material properties from the mainshock region, and acts as a barrier to rupture propagation. On a global scale, seismicity on oceanic transform faults that link mid-ocean ridge segments is thermally controlled1,2. However, temperature cannot be the only control because the largest earthquakes on oceanic transform faults rupture only a small fraction of the area that thermal models predict to be capable of rupture3,4,5. Instead, most slip occurs without producing large earthquakes3,4,6. When large earthquakes do occur, they often repeat quasiperiodically7,8. Moreover, oceanic transform faults produce an order of magnitude more foreshocks than continental strike-slip faults7,9. Here we analyse a swarm of about 20,000 foreshocks, recorded on an array of ocean-bottom seismometers, which occurred before a magnitude 6.0 earthquake on the Gofar transform fault, East Pacific Rise. We find that the week-long foreshock sequence was confined to a 10-km-long region that subsequently acted as a barrier to rupture during the mainshock. The foreshock zone is associated with a high porosity and undergoes a 3% decrease in average shear-wave speed during the week preceding the mainshock. We conclude that the material properties of fault segments capable of rupturing in large earthquakes differ from those of barrier regions, possibly as a result of enhanced fluid circulation within the latter. We suggest that along-strike variations in fault zone material properties can help explain the abundance of foreshocks and the relative lack of large earthquakes that occur on mid-ocean ridge transform faults.
Getting started with multimedia

This paper provides an overview of the symposium “Multimedia in Instruction” by addressing four basic issues: What does multimedia mean? Does it have advantages beyond traditional means of presentations in a classroom? What equipment does one need? What software are available for psychology instruction? Although multimedia represents a revolutionary technology, its application to instruction is an extension of computer-assisted instruction.
Detection of a change-point in student-t linear regression models

In this work the Schwarz Inforamtion Criterion (SIC) is used in order to locate a change-point in linear regression models with independent errors distributed according to the Student-t distribution. The methodology is applied to data sets from the financial area.
Substrate inhibition in the heterogeneous catalyzed aldol condensation: A mechanistic study of supported organocatalysts

In this study, we demonstrate how materials science can be combined with the established methods of organic chemistry to find mechanistic bottlenecks and redesign heterogeneous catalysts for improved performance. By using solid-state NMR, infrared spectroscopy, surface and kinetic analysis, we prove the existence of a substrate inhibition in the aldol condensation catalyzed by heterogeneous amines. We show that modifying the structure of the supported amines according to the proposed mechanism dramatically enhances the activity of the heterogeneous catalyst. We also provide evidence that the reaction benefits significantly from the surface chemistry of the silica support, which plays the role of a co-catalyst, giving activities up to two orders of magnitude larger than those of homogeneous amines. This study confirms that the optimization of a heterogeneous catalyst depends as much on obtaining organic mechanistic information as it does on controlling the structure of the support.
Preliminary characterization of in vitro synthesized hypothalamic precursor ACTH/β-endorphin-like material

Abstract We have previously shown that cultured bovine pituitary or hypothalamic cells incorporate 3 H-labeled amino acids into high molecular weight glycoproteins containing the antigenic determinants of both corticotropin (ACTH) and β-endorphin. We now report resolution of this 3 H-labeled ACTH/β-endorphin-like material into two predominant size classes upon SDS polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis with apparent molecular weights ( M r ) of 41 500 ± 1600 and 36 000 ± 1100. Isoelectric focusing revealed these components to be basic proteins with apparent isoelectric points > 8.5. Overnight trypsinization generated a 3 H-labeled fragment comigrating with synthetic β-lipotropin (61–69) [β-endorphin (1–9)] upon paper electrophoresis which was immunoprecipitable with antibody directed against the corresponding synthetic fragment. Limited trypsinization of bovine immunoreactive ACTH/β-endorphin extracted from freshly obtained bovine hypothalamic and anterior pituitary tissue, generated fragments which possessed ACTH bioreactivity. Both bovine pituitary and hypothalamic derived material are similar with respect to these foregoing physicochemical parameters and appear to be larger than the reported forms in mouse pituitary.
Modulation of matrix metalloproteinase production by rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts after cadherin 11 engagement

Objective Cadherin 11 is a homophilic cell-to-cell adhesion molecule expressed on joint synovial fibroblasts. Absence of cadherin 11 in a mouse rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model led to striking reductions in cartilage erosion. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes expressed by synovial fibroblasts important for cartilage erosion. The objective of this study was to determine if synovial fibroblast MMP production is regulated by cadherin 11. Methods To mimic cadherin 11 engagement, human RA synovial fibroblasts were stimulated with a chimeric construct consisting of the cadherin 11 extracellular domain linked to the human IgG1 Fc domain (Cad-11-Fc). Effects on MMP production were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis, and immunoblotting. Results Human Cad-11-Fc up-regulated MMP-1 and MMP-3 protein production by RA synovial fibroblasts, both alone and in synergy with tumor necrosis factor α. This up-regulation required cell cadherin 11 engagement, since a mutant Cad-11-Fc with reduced binding affinity stimulated significantly less MMP production. Also, short hairpin RNA (shRNA) cadherin 11 silencing almost completely inhibited Cad-11-Fc–induced MMP expression. Cad-11-Fc stimulation increased RA synovial fibroblast MMP messenger RNA levels. It also increased the phosphorylation of the MAPKs JNK, ERK, and p38 kinase, the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, and the nuclear translocation of activator protein 1 transcription factor. MAPK and NF-κB inhibitors partially blocked RA synovial fibroblast MMP expression. Conclusion Cadherin 11 engagement stimulates increased synthesis of several MMPs by RA synovial fibroblasts in a MAPK- and NF-κB–dependent manner. These results underscore the existence of a pathway by which cadherin 11 regulates MMP production and has important implications for joint destruction in RA.
Evaluation of Thermal Properties and Physical Aging as Function of the Pendent Chain Length in Tyrosine-Derived Polycarbonates, a Class of New Biomaterials

Tyrosine-derived polycarbonates are currently in preclinical evaluations for biomedical applications. Although physical aging can significantly alter a wide range of polymer properties, physical aging is has rarely been investigated for biomedical polymers. A series of four tyrosinederived polycarbonates was used as a model system to study the effect of polymer structure on the enthalpy relaxation kinetics.
Poor people on the move: county-to-county migration and the spatial concentration of poverty.

"Poverty rates in high-poverty and low-poverty rural [U.S.] counties, and, thus, the spatial concentration of poverty, are affected by poverty-specific differences in in-migration and out-migration patterns. These patterns are investigated using 1985-90 county-to-county migration data from the decennial census. Effects on poverty rates of four migration flows (in- and out-migration of poor, in- and out-migration of nonpoor) are quantified, and their impacts on spatial concentration of poverty are assessed. The effect of selected county characteristics on the migration of the poor and nonpoor in nonmetro counties [is] estimated."
Analytic results for quantifying HIV infectivity

In a separate paper, we developed a mathematical model describing HIV infection and used it to suggest experiments for quantifying characteristic viral parameters. In this paper we generalize the model to any well-mixed assay system. We also present complete and rigorous derivations of fundamental results needed for the design and analysis of HIV infectivity assays. The model is applicable to infectious agents with multiple receptors for their target cell (e.g. HIV, Epstein-Barr virus and Plasmodium), and to blockers (both reversible and irreversible), as long as blocker and target cells are the same diffusion compartment.
CoSolve: A system for engaging users in computer-supported collaborative problem solving

Recently there has been a trend toward online collaborative problem-solving. However, many systems either lack enough structure for participants to know where they can contribute or are too restrictive to allow collaborative solving. In this paper, we present our research prototype, CoSolve, a website that helps users cooperatively solve problems in a novel manner: solving sessions are represented visually as state-space search trees which solvers collaboratively generate, traverse and interact with online. We describe the problem-posing and problem-solving processes in our system, and present the affordances we designed for encouraging self-reflection and collaboration in the problem-solving process. Finally, we present observations from a user study conducted with teams of solvers who used CoSolve to solve a city-building problem. Users found CoSolve easy to use and helpful in problem solving. In addition, the study provides evidence that the state-space-search organization of problem-solving activity can serve effectively as the framework for human interaction in a computer-supported collaborative problem-solving system.
Mechanical decision trees for investigating and modulating single-cell cancer invasion dynamics

Physical cues exist across all biological scales, from the geometries of molecules to the shapes of complex organisms. While their roles have been identified across a range of scales, i.e. the arrangements of biomolecules and the form and function of tissues, less is known in some intermediate lengths. Particularly, at the cell scale, there is emerging evidence demonstrating the impact of mechanical signals, such as substrate stiffness and confinement, on many critical biological processes and malignancies, especially cancer dissemination. In the context of cell invasion, it is currently unclear how cells select from accessible mechanical paths that result in migratory patterns observed in physiological environments. Here, we devise microchannel decision trees to explore how fundamental and ubiquitous mechanical factors, specifically dimensionality and directionality, affect migratory cell decision making. We then implement strategies based purely on mechanical asymmetries to induce repetitive, non-disseminating motions, in a phenomenon we call iteratio ad nauseam.
A new impulse detector based on order statistics

Abstract The acquisition or transmission of digital images through sensors or communication channels is often interfered by impulse noise. It is very important to eliminate noise in the images before subsequent processing, such as image segmentation, object recognition, and edge detection. In this letter, a novel impulse noise-detection algorithm is presented, which can remove impulse noise from corrupted images successfully, and at the same time, without eliminating image details. The algorithm is based on the order statistics within a local window. Although our method is low in complexity when compared with some other complicated algorithms, experimental results show that it produces better restored images than many other existing techniques.
The transformation of the modal equations into the force equations

Abstract For discrete, linear elastic systems in free vibration, the existing methods of problem solution employ as input values, the system mass coefficients and either its stiffness or influence coefficients. The output values for these methods are, the system natural frequencies, and corresponding member displacements, which are its mode shapes. By transforming the modal equations into the problem force equations, using the same input values, the output values become the system natural frequencies and the corresponding member forces. Since stresses are most easily calculated from forces, the force equations appear to be ideally suited for engineering design.
Combustion of liquid-fuel droplets in supercritical conditions

A comprehensive analysis of liquid-fuel droplet combustion in both sub- and super-critical environments has been conducted. The formulation is based on the complete conservation equations for both gas and liquid phases, and accommodates finite-rate chemical kinetics and a full treatment of liquid-vapor phase equilibrium at the droplet surface. The governing equations and the associated interface boundary conditions are solved numerically using a fully coupled, implicit scheme with the dual time-stepping integration technique. The model is capable of treating the entire droplet history, including the transition from the subcritical to the supercritical state. As a specific example, the combustion of n-pentane fuel droplets in air is studied for pressures of 5-140 atm. Results indicate that the ambient gas pressure exerts significant control of droplet gasification and burning processes through its influences on the fluid transport, gas/liquid interface thermodynamics, and chemical reactions. The droplet gasification rate increases progressively with pressure. However, the data for the overall burnout time exhibits a significant variation near the critical burning pressure, mainly as a result of reduced mass-diffusion rate and latent heat of vaporization with increased pressure. The influence of droplet size on the burning characteristics is also noted.
Adolescent values as predictors of self-reported achievement in young men.

Abstract Self-reported accomplishments, competencies, and aspirations of 400 male, high-school-senior applicants for a college fellowship competition in the United States, were drawn randomly from a large pool of applications collected over an 8-year period. The results of a principal components analysis of their responses on a 10-item values rating scale revealed two primary factors, one descriptive of a social orientation and the other of instrumentality. Applications were sorted into four groups on the basis of median splits on these factors, and the resulting groups were compared on a large number of self-reports of accomplishments and competencies. Analysis of variance revealed that, although social orientation predicted levels of self-reported leadership behavior, instrumentality predicted not only leadership behaviors but also self-reported scientific and artistic behaviors. A content analysis of a subsample of 200 essays, in which applicants described their most significant accomplishments, reveal...
EPIC: Efficient prediction of IC manufacturing hotspots with a unified meta-classification formulation

In this paper we present EPIC, an efficient and effective predictor for IC manufacturing hotspots in deep sub-wavelength lithography. EPIC proposes a unified framework to combine different hotspot detection methods together, such as machine learning and pattern matching, using mathematical programming/optimization. EPIC algorithm has been tested on a number of industry benchmarks under advanced manufacturing conditions. It demonstrates so far the best capability in selectively combining the desirable features of various hotspot detection methods (3.5–8.2% accuracy improvement) as well as significant suppression of the detection noise (e.g., 80% false-alarm reduction). These characteristics make EPIC very suitable for conducting high performance physical verification and guiding efficient manufacturability friendly physical design.
Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase-Mediated Resistance to Insecticides

Understanding of monoxygenase-mediated resistance has progressed considerably in the past several years. Increased expression of CYP6D1 is clearly mechanism of resistance to pyrethroids in house flies, although the role (if any) of different alleles between resistant and susceptible strains remains uncertain. Current efforts to undestand the gene regulation of P450s involved in insecticide resistance will enhance our understanding of he biochemistry and genetics of insects and will provide unique opportunities for delaying the evolution of insecticide resistance
Pine straw raking and fertilizer source impacts on nitrogen mineralization in a loblolly pine plantation

Abstract Pine straw production can supplement traditional revenues generated by loblolly pine plantation management. However, there is concern that excessive straw removal may adversely affect nitrogen availability and thus straw and fiber productivity in these stands. This study evaluated the long-term effects of straw raking combined with or without supplemental applications of either commercial inorganic fertilizer or poultry litter on soil N and C dynamics in a loblolly pine plantation in north central Louisiana. In situ mineralization and nitrification were measured monthly in response to: (1) no raking or fertilizer, (2) annual straw raking for seven years, (3) annual straw raking for seven years with inorganic fertilizer application for five years, and (4) annual straw raking for seven years with annual poultry litter application for five years. Annual straw raking did not substantially alter the N and C pools observed in this study. Annual applications of inorganic fertilizer did not lead to an accumulation of N in the uppermost 15 cm of mineral soil. Annual applications of poultry litter in conjunction with straw raking increased total C, total N, and exchangeable N (particularly as NO3–N), N mineralization, and nitrification in soil. Due to the greater propensity of poultry litter to increase NO3–N in soil relative to inorganic fertilizer, applying poultry litter at the frequency, rate, and/or target N rate used for inorganic fertilizer may have led to application of N in excess of plantation N demand at this site.
Luminescence of paracyclophanes I. syn- and anti-[2.2] paracyclonaphthane

Abstract The absorption and luminescence of syn - and anti -paracyclonaphthane are reported and compared to the excimer emission from 1,4-dimethyl-naphthalene. The spectra provide evidence for excimer interactions in the fluorescent state but not in the triplet state.
George Montague Wheeler: The Man And The Myth

Until Dawdy's \u201cThe Wyant Diary\u201d appeared in Arizona and the West in 1980, it was virtually unknown that Lt. Wheeler was the leader of the government exploring party from which artist A. H. Wyant returned with a paralyzed arm. So little used were government reports prior to the mid-twentieth century that not one of the writers and compilers of information about this prominent artist, known to have been with a military expedition, had looked at the most likely report, that of Lt. Wheeler. Government reports can be extremely misleading. Fault can be found with Wheeler's in particular. Not only was the Wyant incident disguised in the 1873 report, but earlier reports concealed a hidden agenda that was not exposed until the 1960s when Wheeler's mining operations were disclosed. Dawdy's research was done mainly at the National Archives during the years she lived in the Washington area. All War Department papers relating to Wheeler's explorations from 1869 to 1879 were examined and many of them copied. They tell a far different story from that told by Wheeler in his early reports and his final report which appeared in 1889. Likewise so do the field notes of G. K. Gilbert, Wheeler's chief geologist, and a recent Indian rights case filed by the Hualapai Tribe of Arizona claiming compensation for minerals extracted by mining entrepreneurs, including some in Wheeler's Maynard District that were located by Wheeler and various members of his expedition in 1871. At last there is an explanation of the powers of attorney Wheeler extracted from members of his expedition in 1871 when the government was accused by a California newspaper of sending out a party of prospectors. Mineral locations found by those prospectors became the property of Lyons and Wheeler Mining Company, a California corporation, in 1872.
Effect of Vitamin B12 Status on Selenium Methylation and Toxicity in Rats: In Vivo and in Vitro Studies

Abstract Animals are known to convert inorganic selenium to less toxic methylated compounds such as dimethylselenide (DMSe) and trimethylselenonium (TMSe). This study investigated the role of vitamin B12, a cofactor of methionine synthetase, in selenium methylation in the rat. Vitamin B12-depleted rats expired 16% of dosed 75Se-selenite as DMSe compared to 45% for control rats and excreted less TMSe in the urine (6.1% of dose) than control (9% of dose) rats. At the same time, higher (p
The use of thin-layer chromatography to separate thiamine and related compounds as well as N-methylnicotinamide and related compounds.

Abstract A thin-layer chromatographic procedure is presented which can separate thiamine, α-hydroxyethylthiamine, thiochrome, pyrimidinesulfonic acid, pyrimidinecarboxylic acid, the pyrimidine and thiazole moieties of thiamine, N′-methylnicotinamide, and the fluorescing and absorbing product derived from the oxidation of N′-methylnicotinamide by alkaline ferricyanide. The ability to separate these substances should provide a useful tool for studying the methabolism of thiamine.
Depolymerization of Polyethylene Using Induction-Coupled Plasma Technology

A significant, valuable percentage of today's municipal solid wastestream consists of polymeric materials, for which almost no economicrecycling technology currently exists. This polymeric waste is incinerated,landfilled, or recycled via downgraded usage. Thermal plasma treatment is apotentially viable means of recycling these materials by converting themback into monomers or into other useful compounds. The technical, laboratoryscale, feasibility of using an induction-coupled RF plasma (ICP) heatedreactor for this purpose has been demonstrated in the presentstudy. Polyethylene powder was injected axially through the center of anICP torch. Results from the initial set of experiments, analyzed using astatistical design of experiment technique, showed that plasma plate power,central gas flow rate, probe gas flow rate, powder feed rate, and theinteraction between the quench gas flow rate and power input were the keyprocess parameters affecting the yield of ethylene in the product gasstream. The gaseous products obtained were mainly mixtures of ethylene andpropylene. The amount of propylene obtained was significantly higher thananticipated and was believed to be due to β-scission reactionsoccurring at the higher plasma temperatures.
Effects of edge pinning on the melting transition of a two-dimensional solid.

A molecular-dynamics simulation was used to examine how the pinning of edge particles affects the nature and the dynamics of the melting transition for a two-dimensional solid. The system con­ sisted of 256 particles interacting through an inverse-power of r repulsive potential. These particles were confined by periodic boundary conditions in one direction and by two pinned walls (lines of par­ ticles) in the other. The results are compared' to a system of 256 particles with the usual periodic boundary conditions. The pinned walls shifted the transition temperature and substantially increased the temperature range over which melting takes place. The fluctuations found in the periodic system are significantly reduced by the presence of the walls. Furthermore, these walls tend to stabilize the interface between the solidlike and liquidlike domains, and produce a spatially separated two-phase system. The structural effects of the walls were found to propagate relatively far into the system. The existence of pinned walls has important effects on both the thermodynamic functions and the structural properties of the system.
A Microwave Spectroscopic Investigation of the Networked Structure of 3-Hydroxytetrahydrofuran-H2O

The rotational spectra of nine isotopomers of the 3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran−water complex were recorded using a Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. The spectra are assigned to the networked st...
Nanoimprint technology and its applications

Summary form only given. Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is an emerging technology for high-throughput nanoscale patterning. Nanoimprinting uses a hard mold to mechanically deform a polymer material to create nanoscale structures, which provides unprecedented resolution and speed in nanopatterning. This talk will give an overview of the material requirement for the successful pattern replication in NIL. Due to its compatibility with polymer materials, Nanoimprint and its variants naturally find unique applications in polymer-based devices, including organic electronics and photonics. To gain even higher speed patterning over large areas, a recently developed Roll-to-Roll Nanoimprint Lithography on flexible web will also be discussed.
Thermal conductance of two-dimensional constrictions.

Thermal conductance of two dimensional constrictions using symmetrical and eccentric configurations
Mechanics of bellows: A critical survey

Abstract Bellows are thin-walled corrugated tubes designed for high flexibility when subjected to longitudinal loads, internal pressure or bending moments. Theoretical and experimental studies on bellows published since the first analysis in 1932 are reviewed herein. The key results dealing primarily with load-deflection behavior are summarized. Results for a variety of corrugation geometries are cast in common sets of nondimensional geometric and material parameters for comparison and evaluation. New experimental results for the mechanical behavior of polyethylene bellows are compared to those predicted by classical beam, plate, and shell theories. Future use of bellows as robotic manipulators is envisioned. That is, bellows will be designed to execute a desired motion in response to internal pressure, controlled through a computer coupled to touch and vision sensors.
The Perceived Long-Term Impact of a Psychiatry Clerkship on Personal Growth and Clinical Skills

The authors investigated the effects of a psychiatry clerkship that over 14 years has had a constant training philosophy and faculty and has been located in the same acute general hospital setting. In the study, 169 graduates completed a questionnaire on the effects of the clerkship on their knowledge of psychiatry, management of emotional problems in their patients, and personal development. Based on the graduates’ responses, the results reveal that the clerkship indeed has had a lasting impact on its former students. Possible implications for recruitment of students into psychiatry are discussed.
Use of computer-aided surgery for frontal sinus ventilation.

Objectives To review our experience and evaluate the utility of computer-aided surgery for frontal sinus and frontal recess disease. Study Design A retrospective review of 31 consecutive patients undergoing computer-aided surgery for frontal sinus ventilation. Methods The hospital charts of 31 patients were reviewed. Previous sinonasal procedures, etiology of sinonasal disease, preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan findings, preoperative symptoms, endoscopic and intraoperative findings, type of frontal sinus ventilation procedure, complications, imaging system registration method or accuracy, and postoperative course were noted. Results In all 31 patients the surgery was successfully completed, and no intracranial or orbital complications were encountered during or after surgery. Six patients required additional surgery including revision transnasal endoscopic frontal sinus ventilation or osteoplastic flaps with fat obliteration. In the six cases requiring additional surgery, disease severity, most commonly, aspirin triad disease, predisposed to failure of frontal sinus ventilation. Conclusions Computer-aided surgery is a useful adjunctive device for safe, efficient identification and surgery of the frontal sinus. However, it is not a replacement for sound surgical technique, anatomical knowledge, and experience. In particular, patients with aspirin triad disease with frontal recess and frontal sinus involvement are highly suited for computer-aided surgery and thorough removal of disease, although failures occur despite this technique. The long-term benefit of computer-aided surgery of the frontal sinus has not yet been demonstrated by this or other studies.
Purification and Properties of Amine Oxidase from Epicotyls of Pisum sativum.

A procedure has been developed for the purification of amine oxidase (E.C. 1.4.3.4) from etiolated pea epicotyls (Pisum sativum cv. Little Marvel). The enzyme is sensitive to copper chelating reagents and carbonyl reagents, but is not inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents. The purified enzyme has a molecular weight of 1.85 x 10(5), as determined by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation, and has been shown to be specifically stimulated by phosphate.
Development of a Pavement Rutting Model from Experimental Data

Properly specified pavement deterioration models are an important input for the efficient management of pavements, the allocation of cost responsibilities to various vehicle classes for their use of the highway system, and the design of pavement structures. However, most empirical deterioration progression models developed to date have had limited success. This paper is concerned with the development of an empirical rutting progression model using experimental data. The data used in this paper comprise an unbalanced panel data set with more than 14,000 observations taken from the AASHO Road Test. The salient features of the model specification are (1) the model eschews conventional (predefined) axle load equivalencies and structural numbers in favor of relationships determined entirely by the data itself; (2) a thawing index variable has been incorporated to capture the effects of the environmental factors in the AASHO Road Test; and (3) the model predicts incremental changes in rut depth, which is particularly advantageous in a pavement management context. The specified model is nonlinear in the variables and the parameters and is estimated using both fixed-effects and random-effects specifications to account for unobserved heterogeneity. The estimation results show that the model replicates the pavement behavior well, that the inclusion of an environmental variable is important to avoid biases in other parameters, and that the size of the unobserved heterogeneity nonlinear specification leads to significant differences between parameter estimates among the two wheel paths rutting models.
Stereotaxic mapping of brainstem areas critical for memory of visual discrimination habits in the rat

An attempt was made to map those pathways of the brain that are necessary for the performance of visual discrimination habits. This was accomplished by damaging different parts of the brain in previously trained rats and subsequently testing for retention. The map was constructed by plotting those areas of the brain damaged in rats showing a serious loss in retention. The resulting map could be separated into a specific (visual) division consisting of the lateral geniculate nuclei, occipital cortex, and lateral half of the cerebral peduncle at nigral levels, and a nonspecific division. Clearly represented within the latter were the ascending fiber systems associated with both the brainstem reticular formation and the substantia nigra.
Chiropractic management of postoperative spine pain: a report of 3 cases.

Objective The purpose of this case series is to describe chiropractic care including spinal manipulation for 3 patients with postsurgical spine pain.
An alternative biofeedback-based behavior modification treatment for a case of chronic constipation

Abstract A 31-year old female with chronic constipation was referred for treatment of a paradoxical contraction of the external anal sphincter (EAS) muscle during straining to defecate. The patient was dependent on laxative use and the digital removal of feces. The present program emphasized biofeedback training of the EAS utilizing the inexpensive, non-invasive procedure of disposable surface electrodes placed on the anal verge. Outcome of treatment resulted in an 89% decrease in laxatives used, complete termination of the digital removal of feces, and a notable decrease in EAS tension. The patient was able to maintain these gains at an 8 month follow-up.
Tracking Trafficked Antiquities

The primary aim of this paper is to relate the results of a test conducted by the authors designed to evaluate an idea proposed by Alexander (2008). He suggested creating facsimiles of archaeological artifacts and embedding them with tracking devices such as Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFID). The duplicates would then be stolen or otherwise given to looters thinking them the genuine articles. By moving the tracked artifacts with genuine goods, the culprits would then unwittingly betray the location of their warehouses and trade routes.
Three-dimensional magnetic field produced by an axisymmetric iron yoke (SSC quadrupole)

A computational procedure in which separate analyses are performed for conductor and high-permeability iron yoke has been developed for calculating the 3-D magnetic field components. Whereas the field components of the isolated 3-D current array can be evaluated at all desired points through the use of a 3-D Biot-Savart law program, the authors have developed a method for calculating the supplemental field (the image field) that will arise as a result of the presence (coaxially) of a surrounding high-permeability magnetic yoke with an axially symmetric bore. The proposed technique is illustrated by its application to the SSC (Superconducting Super Collider) main quadrupole. >
Prediction of the strength of the elderly proximal femur by bone mineral density and quantitative ultrasound measurements of the heel and tibia

Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the heel and tibia have recently been approved in the United States for diagnostic evaluation of low bone mass. The goal of this study was to use human cadaveric specimens to compare correlations among: a) strength of the proximal femur; b) bone mineral density of the femur, tibia, and heel; and c) QUS of the tibia and heel. We obtained 26 proximal femurs and intact lower limbs from 16 female and 10 male cadavers, with a mean age of 81+/-12 years. Bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) of the proximal femur and tibia were assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and BMD (g/cm) of the heel was measured using single-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Ultrasound velocity at the mid-tibia was determined using a contact, gel-coupled ultrasound device. Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound (SOS) of the heel were determined using a transmission ultrasound device with water-based coupling. The femurs were tested to failure in a configuration designed to simulate a fall to the side with impact to the greater trochanter. As in previous studies, the strength of the proximal femur was very strongly correlated with femoral BMD and heel BMD (r2 = 0.78-0.92, p < .0001 for all). BUA and SOS of the heel were also strongly correlated to femoral strength (r2 = 0.70 and 0.67, respectively, p < 0.0001 for both), whereas tibia SOS was only weakly correlated (r2 = 0.19, p = 0.03). The average coefficient of variation for triplicate tibial SOS measurements was 0.50%. This study indicates that, although tibial SOS measurements are precise, they are not strongly correlated with femoral BMD or strength. In contrast, heel QUS measurements are strongly correlated with the strength of the proximal femur. These findings imply that tibial SOS may be of limited use for assessing hip fracture risk. Prospective fracture risk data are needed to define further the clinical utility of tibia ultrasound measurements.
Integrating Header Compression with IPsec

The global information grid (GIG) will leverage Internet protocol security (IPsec) tunnel mode security associations (SAs) to secure IP traffic. Tunnel mode SAs require the use of an additional IP header per packet, which significantly increases the amount of overhead added to traffic profiles characterized by small packet payloads. This effect is further magnified with the United States department of defense (DoD) transition to Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6), as IPv6 requires twice the packet overhead of Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4). Traditional Internet engineering task force (IETF) header compression (HC) algorithms, such as IP header compression (IPHC), compressed real time transport protocol (CRTP), enhanced compressed real time transport protocol (ECRTP), and robust header compression (ROHC), have been developed to help minimize packet overhead on a hop-by-hop basis. If these HC algorithms are extended to operate over IPsec, improvements in network performance and efficiency of IP sec-protected traffic can be attained. This paper provides an overview of the extensions required to achieve HC over IPsec (HCoIPsec), an emerging protocol currently being defined in the IETF. By integrating the IPsec architecture with HC algorithms, the size of packet headers flowing over IPsec tunnel mode SAs can be reduced, providing efficiency gains in bandwidth-constrained networks
The Legal Framework of Human Resources Development, Part II: Fair Employment, Negligence, and Implications for Scholars and Practitioners:

Human resources development (HRD) programs may be covered by antidiscrimination, fair employment practices, particularly when HRD programs affect employment decisions. As such, applicant flow, adve...
Internal glow discharge-fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

A glow discharge (GD) ion source has been developed to work within the high magnetic field of a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer. Characterization of this source revealed that the optimum operating voltage, pressure, and current are significantly lower than those for normal glow discharges. The sputter rate was lowered to 1/30th of that found with a normal glow discharge source operated external to the high magnetic field region. Operation of the GD source closer to the FTICR analyzer cell than with previous experimental designs resulted in improved ion transport efficiency. Preliminary results from this internal GD source have established detection limits in the low parts per million range for selected elemental species.
Quantitative research for nonprofit management

Although the literature on organizational management has burgeoned recently, it has focused primarily on for-profit organizations. Moreover, widely published management prescriptions are often faddish in nature. It is risky for nonprofit managers to uncritically adopt these prescriptions. Not only may they be inappropriate for the Nonprofit setting, they may also be based on inadequate research. The nonprofit sector needs to develop its own research agenda and distribute usable findings to nonprofit managers. This process is in its infancy. While research on the nonprofit sector has been vigorous over the last few decades, most of it has focused on philanthropy or the delineation of the sector's dimensions. It is vitally important that management practices in the Nonprofit sector be based on sound, useful research. Given the nature of social science research, much of this will be quantitative research. In this article, I lay out some basic parameters of quantitative research and discuss its relevance to and utility for nonprofit management.