cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OF SLEEP APNEA RAPIDLY REDUCES ARTERIAL TONE, IMPROVES ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION AND LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC FUNCTION IN NORMOTENSIVE ADULTS

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with the development of hypertension and increased cardiovascular disease risk. We prospectively examined the cardiovascular effects of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy in normotensive adults with OSA. This was a prospective, interventional study of
Halogen oxidation and halogen photoelimination chemistry of a platinum-rhodium heterobimetallic core.

The heterobimetallic complexes, PtRh(tfepma)(2)(CN(t)Bu)X(3) (X = Cl, Br), are assembled by the treatment of Pt(cod)X(2) (cod =1,5-cyclooctadiene) with {Rh(cod)X}(2), in the presence of tert-butylisonitrile (CN(t)Bu) and tfepma (tfepma = bis(trifluoroethoxyl)phosphinomethylamine). The neutral complexes contain Pt-Rh single bonds with metal-metal separations of 2.6360(3) and 2.6503(7) A between the square planar Pt and octahedral Rh centers for the Cl and Br complexes, respectively. Oxidation of the XPt(I)Rh(II)X(2) cores with suitable halide sources (PhICl(2) or Br(2)) furnishes PtRh(tfepma)(2)(CN(t)Bu)X(5), which preserves a Pt-Rh bond. For the chloride system, the initial oxidation product orients the platinum-bound chlorides in a meridional geometry, which slowly transforms to a facial arrangement in pentane solution as verified by X-ray crystal analysis. Irradiation of the mer- or fac-Cl(3)Pt(III)Rh(II)Cl(2) isomers with visible light in the presence of olefin promotes the photoelimination of halogen and regeneration of the reduced ClPt(I)Rh(II)Cl(2) core. In addition to exhibiting photochemistry similar to that of the chloride system, the oxidized bromide cores undergo thermal reduction chemistry in the presence of olefin with zeroth-order olefin dependence. Owing to an extremely high photoreaction quantum yield for the fac-ClPt(I)Rh(II)Cl(2) isomer, details of the X(2) photoelimination have been captured by transient absorption spectroscopy. We now report the first direct observation of the photointermediate that precedes halogen reductive elimination. The intermediate is generated promptly upon excitation (<8 ns), and halogen is eliminated from it with a rate constant of 3.6 × 10(4) s(-1). As M-X photoactivation and elimination is the critical step in HX splitting, these results establish a new guidepost for the design of HX splitting cycles for solar energy storage.
Synthesis of polyquinolines via an AA/BB-type aza-Diels–Alder polymerization reaction

Polyquinolines have attracted attention as functional materials due to their excellent combination of optical, electrical, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties. However, only a handful of synthetic routes for the preparation of these polymers have been established to date. Here, we demonstrate the preparation of polyquinolines via an AA/BB-type aza-Diels–Alder polymerization reaction. This approach requires only commercial starting materials and two straightforward synthetic steps to furnish the desired products in high yield. Overall, our modular and general route may afford new opportunities for the rational design and preparation of quinoline-based materials.
Anonymous Sources Harm Credibility of All Stories

Findings confirm the use of anonymous sources has a negative effect on readers' perceptions of story credibility. Stories of presumably higher quality elicited more believability toward sources who...
Productivity Growth and Income Inequality

This paper employs cross country regression analysis to consider the relationship between real labor productivity growth over the first decade of the twenty-first century and income inequality. It postulates that, under the assumption that most countries in the world exceed the optimal level of income inequality, greater income inequality leads to reduced productivity growth. The empirical results of the paper are consistent with the notion that real labor productivity growth is negatively related to income inequality. The investigation of the sources of productivity growth is an important task. Productivity growth is the foundation for economic growth and provides the basic undergirding for the improvement of the standard of living. If human beings can correctly identify the factors behind productivity growth and the way in which they operate, then it places them in a position to be able to consciously conduct policy to increase productivity growth. One key potential determinant of productivity growth is the degree of income inequality in society. This paper looks empirically at a possible relationship between productivity growth and income inequality and tests the hypothesis, under the assumption that countries in the world have surpassed the optimal level of inequality, that there is a negative relationship between productivity growth and income inequality.
On the Role of 21CN Sports Coaching and Training in China

The coaches play a leading role in the process of sports training,training and education is the responsibility of the coaches,and in educating people,both in the education of athletes,including counseling and professional guidance on the reserve coaches.Coaches act multiple roles,including buyers,designers,instructors,teachers,tutors,trainers,administrators,diplomats,friends,students,researchers and salesmen.Face-to-face leadership,concern is the coaches and management coaching features.Career coaches with high-risk and high challenge coexist,the coexistence of high authority and low authority,high investment and low returns coexist,and high sense of accomplishment along with a life-long occupational characteristics of the output of gold.The development of Chinese sports coaches training has gone through five stages.Co-ordinated management of the State Sports General Administration,the China Sports Coaches Training Management System,formed as a leader of the sports management center to the provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Sports Bureau,sports institutions rely on.
Death eaters respond to the dark mark of decomposition day and night: observations of initial insect activity on piglet carcasses

Some insect taxa can be of critical importance for criminal investigations because they can be used to assist with a time since death determination. Blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) often are the initial colonizers of a carcass, usually arriving within minutes to hours after carcass exposure during the day. Other insects, such as coleopterans and hymenopterans, can arrive to a carcass during early colonization and affect blow fly development. However, the extent of these interactions remains unclear. This study analyzed the initial 6 h after a piglet carcass was placed out in two locations (rural and urban) in diurnal and nocturnal conditions with continuous video recording and hourly observations. Four piglets were placed out every 2 weeks over the summer of 2014. Initial blow fly arrivals to the carcasses were only recorded during diurnal conditions, and a checklist of orders associated with each environment (time and location) was created. During diurnal conditions, initial blow fly arrival times in rural environments were significantly faster than those in urban, arriving as quickly as 23 s after exposure. These observations also included a novel interaction with Vespidae, which to the best of our knowledge has not been seen in the literature before. This experiment provides baseline data on early insect colonization in two environments in New Jersey, and lends insight into insect interactions that could affect initial colonization.
Type I diabetes: clinical implications of autoimmunity.

Solid evidence shows that insulin-dependent diabetes is an autoimmune, genetically restricted disease; current trials of immunotherapy flow logically from that. Perhaps even more intriguing is the implication that one can identify individuals at risk of developing the disease. Such persons would be the most likely beneficiaries of immunoprophylactic approaches that are under investigation.
These Bars Can't Hold Us Back: Plowing Incarcerated Geographies with Restorative Food Justice

Mass incarceration entrenches racial and class inequality and segregation. Before, during, and after low-income people of color enter prison, they experience a range of barriers and biases that make it difficult to break out of the prison pipeline. This article investigates food justice and restorative justice activists in Oakland, California who are intervening at the point of reentry. I argue for the significance of teasing out the connections between food and carceral politics as a way to expand the practice and understanding of food justice. Specifically, I show how the incarcerated geographies of former prisoners, that is, perspectives and experiences that result due to the prison pipeline, motivate the formation of a restorative food justice. The associated healing and mutual aid practices increase social equity by creating spaces to overcome the historical trauma of mass incarceration, produce living wage jobs, rearticulate relationships to food and land, and achieve policy reforms.
Bifunctional Ni-ZSM-5 Catalysts for the Pyrolysis and Hydropyrolysis of Biomass

In this work, we explore pyrolysis options, namely, high pressure, H2, and metal-loaded ZSM-5 catalysts, to improve the limited deoxygenation capacity and reduce the excessive production of solids in biomass catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP). Specifically, we explore the product selectivity of Miscanthus x giganteus CFP in inert or H2-rich environments, pressures up to 450 psig, and over ZSM-5 and Ni-ZSM-5. We show that higher pressures promote decarboxylation reactions, reduce the yields to liquids, and enhance the formation of solid products. Ni-ZSM-5 promotes decarboxylation, dehydration, and methanation reactions. The cofeeding of H2 at high pressures increases the selectivity to monoaromatic hydrocarbons with a parallel enhancement of the yield to saturated products. Solid products are reduced drastically in H2-rich, high-pressure experiments, and the CH4 selectivity increases. Based on these experimental findings, we present a reaction scheme that describes the impact of pressure, H2, and Ni on the product selectivity of biomass CFP.
Chapter 3 – Oligodendrocyte differentiation

In the nervous system, axons transmit information in the form of electrical impulses over long distances. The speed of impulse conduction is enhanced by myelin, a lipid-rich membrane that wraps around axons. Myelin also is required for the long-term health of axons by providing metabolic support. Accordingly, myelin deficiencies are implicated in a wide range of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, intellectual disabilities, and neurodegenerative conditions. Central nervous system myelin is formed by glial cells called oligodendrocytes. During development, oligodendrocyte precursor cells migrate from their origins to their target axons, extend long membrane processes that wrap axons, and produce the proteins and lipids that provide myelin membrane with its unique characteristics. Myelination is a dynamic process that involves intricate interactions between multiple cell types. Therefore, an in vivo myelination model, such as the zebrafish, which allows for live observation of cell dynamics and cell-to-cell interactions, is well suited for investigating oligodendrocyte development. Zebrafish offer several advantages to investigating myelination, including the use of transgenic reporter lines, live imaging, forward genetic screens, chemical screens, and reverse genetic approaches. This chapter will describe how these tools and approaches have provided new insights into the regulatory mechanisms that guide myelination.
Identification of extremely premature infants at low risk for early-onset sepsis

BACKGROUND: Premature infants are at high risk of early-onset sepsis (EOS) relative to term infants, and most are administered empirical antibiotics after birth. We aimed to determine if factors evident at birth could be used to identify premature infants at lower risk of EOS. METHODS: Study infants were born at 22 to 28 weeks’ gestation in Neonatal Research Network centers from 2006 to 2014. EOS was defined by isolation of pathogenic species from blood or cerebrospinal fluid culture at ≤72 hours age. Infants were hypothesized as “low risk” for EOS when delivered via cesarean delivery, with membrane rupture at delivery, and absence of clinical chorioamnionitis. Frequency of prolonged antibiotics (≥5 days) was compared between low-risk infants and all others. Risks of mortality, EOS, and other morbidities were assessed by using regression models adjusted for center, race, antenatal steroid use, multiple birth, sex, gestation, and birth weight. RESULTS: Of 15 433 infants, 5759 (37%) met low-risk criteria. EOS incidence among infants surviving >12 hours was 29 out of 5640 (0.5%) in the low-risk group versus 209 out of 8422 (2.5%) in the comparison group (adjusted relative risk = 0.24 [95% confidence interval, 0.16–0.36]). Low-risk infants also had significantly lower combined risk of EOS or death ≤12 hours. Prolonged antibiotics were administered to 34% of low-risk infants versus 47% of comparison infants without EOS. CONCLUSIONS: Delivery characteristics of extremely preterm infants can be used to identify those with significantly lower incidence of EOS. Recognition of differential risk may help guide decisions to limit early antibiotic use among approximately one-third of these infants.
Fantastic Learning Moments and Where to Find Them.

Author(s): Sheng, Alexander Y.; Sullivan, Ryan; Kleber, Kara; Mitchell, Patricia M.; Liu, James H.; McGreevy, Jolion; McCabe, Kerry; Atema, Annemieke; Schneider, Jeffrey I. | Abstract: Introduction: Experiential learning is crucial for the development of all learners. Literature exploring how and where experiential learning happens in the modern clinical learning environment is sparse. We created a novel, web-based educational tool called “Learning Moment” (LM) to foster experiential learning among our learners. We used data captured by LM as a research database to determine where learning experiences were occuring within our emergency department (ED). We hypothesized that these moments would occur more frequently at the physician workstations as opposed to the bedside.Methods: We implemented LM at a single ED’s medical student clerkship. The platform captured demographic data including the student’s intended specialty and year of training as well as “learning moments,” defined as logs of learner self-selected learning experiences that included the clinical “pearl,” clinical scenario, and location where the “learning moment” occurred. We presented data using descriptive statistics with frequencies and percentages. Locations of learning experiences were stratified by specialty and training level.Results: A total of 323 “learning moments” were logged by 42 registered medical students (29 fourth-year medical students (MS 4) and 13 MS 3 over a six-month period. Over half (52.4%) intended to enter the field of emergency medicine (EM). Of these “learning moments,” 266 included optional location data. The most frequently reported location was patient rooms (135 “learning moments”, 50.8%). Physician workstations hosted the second most frequent “learning moments” (67, 25.2%). EM-bound students reported 43.7% of “learning moments” happening in patient rooms, followed by workstations (32.8%). On the other hand, non EM-bound students reported that 66.3% of “learning moments” occurred in patient rooms and only 8.4% at workstations (pl0.001).Conclusion: LM was implemented within our ED as an innovative, web-based tool to fulfill and optimize the experiential learning cycle for our learners. In our environment, patient rooms represented the most frequent location of “learning moments,” followed by physician workstations. EM-bound students were considerably more likely to document “learning moments” occurring at the workstation and less likely in patient rooms than their non EM-bound colleagues.
STING Signaling Promotes Inflammation in Experimental Acute Pancreatitis

Background & Aims Acute pancreatitis (AP) is characterized by severe inflammation and acinar cell death. Transmembrane protein 173 (TMEM173 or STING) is a DNA sensor adaptor protein on immune cells that recognizes cytosolic nucleic acids and transmits signals that activate production of interferons and the innate immune response. We investigated whether leukocyte STING signaling mediates inflammation in mice with AP. Methods We induced AP in C57BL/6J mice (control) and C57BL/6J-Tmem173gt/J mice (STING-knockout mice) by injection of cerulein or placement on choline-deficient DL-ethionine supplemented diet. In some mice, STING signaling was induced by administration of a pharmacologic agonist. AP was also induced in C57BL/6J mice with bone marrow transplants from control or STING-knockout mice and in mice with disruption of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (Cgas) gene. Pancreata were collected, analyzed by histology, and acini were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblots, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bone-marrow–derived macrophages were collected from mice and tested for their ability to detect DNA from dying acinar cells in the presence and absence of deoxyribonuclease (DNaseI). Results STING signaling was activated in pancreata from mice with AP but not mice without AP. STING-knockout mice developed less severe AP (less edema, inflammation, and markers of pancreatic injury) than control mice, whereas mice given a STING agonist developed more severe AP than controls. In immune cells collected from pancreata, STING was expressed predominantly in macrophages. Levels of cGAS were increased in mice with vs without AP, and cGAS-knockout mice had decreased edema, inflammation, and other markers of pancreatic injury upon induction of AP than control mice. Wild-type mice given bone marrow transplants from STING-knockout mice had less pancreatic injury and lower serum levels of lipase and pancreatic trypsin activity following induction of AP than mice given wild-type bone marrow. DNA from dying acinar cells activated STING signaling in macrophages, which was inhibited by addition of DNaseI. Conclusions In mice with AP, STING senses acinar cell death (by detecting DNA from dying acinar cells) and activates a signaling pathway that promotes inflammation. Macrophages express STING and activate pancreatic inflammation in AP.
Shifting the center: the impact of the Pay-TV Law on the Brazilian audiovisual field:

Although the Brazilian mediascape has been in transition since the early 1990s, the passage of the Pay-TV Law (Law 12.485) in 2011 established a new era. The Pay-TV Law has led to the rise of new distributors and production companies, a proliferation of viewing options, and a diversification of narrative formats. This increasingly competitive era has accelerated the fragmentation of TV Globo’s hegemony over the symbolic constructions of Brazil as an imagined community. In addition, this fragmentation has led to more diverse depictions of the country and its people, moving beyond the racially and geographically limited representations of TV Globo’s telenovelas, and thereby expanding the broader social imaginary. The series 3%, from a 2011 YouTube web pilot to its 2016 release as Netflix’s first original Brazilian series, is one prime example of production occurring beyond TV Globo’s reach, the ongoing transformation to the field, and the broadening depiction of how Brazil is imagined that began with the pa...
The Martian Magnetosphere: Areas of Unsettled Terminology

The near-Mars space environment has a number of regions and boundaries that have numerous and confusing labels. The whole region is sometimes referred to as the induced Martian magnetosphere and sometimes as the solar wind interaction with Mars. The middle boundary where the shocked solar wind plasma gives way to predominately planetary-derived plasma has a variety of names. The region below that middle boundary and the top of the ionosphere also does not have a uniformly used name. There are several other regions and boundaries that also have naming confusion. The various terms that are currently used in the literature for these subjects are identified and discussed; regions and boundaries that have well-settled names are not discussed nor are the details of the physics involved.
Essentiality of the ketone function for toxicity of the host-selective toxin produced by Helminthosporium carbonum

Abstract The cyclic tetrapeptide, cyclo-(-Pro-Ala-Ala-Aoe), which is a host-selective toxin (HC-toxin) produced by the maize pathogen, Helminthosporium carbonum race 1, was reduced with sodium borohydride. Reduction converted the 2-amino-8-oxo-9,10-epoxydecanoic acid (Aoe) residue to a 2-amino-8-hydroxy-9,10-epoxydecanoic acid (Ahe) residue. Two isomers were isolated and shown by NMR to be diastereomers of cyclo-(-Pro-Ala-Ala-Ahe) that differed by their configurations of carbon atom number eight of the Ahe residues. Neither isomer, alone nor as a 1:1 mixture, was toxic to lines of maize sensitive to HC-toxin. Consequently the ketone group of the Aoe residue in HC-toxin appears to be necessary for the toxicity of this host-selective toxin.
Viral and Cellular Factors Influencing HIV Tropism

Studies of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have indicated that virus-infected cells are most likely the major source of infection, and any approach that kills only the virus would not control HIV infection (1). Early observations suggested that the CD4+ T helper lymphocyte was the major cell type infected by HIV (2). Subsequent studies have demonstrated that a wide variety of cells coming from the hematopoietic and central nervous systems, the skin and the bowel are susceptible to HIV (3). Based on observations on a variety of HIV isolates it appears likely that, depending on the particular virus strain infecting the host, any human cell could be infected by HIV (4) (Table1). Its detection might be difficult in some cells in which viral replication takes place at a low level. Nevertheless, the presence of HIV could be revealed by Southern blot or polymerase chain reaction(PCR) techniques. Most importantly, if tissues in the body are infected by HIV, even if producing low levels of the virus, their function may be compromised.
Complementary and Alternative Treatments for the Management of Cancer-Related Fatigue

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network defines cancer-related fatigue (CRF) as “a persistent, subjective sense of tiredness related to cancer or cancer treatment that interferes with usual functioning.” [1] Based on this definition, there are two important components included in the measurement of CRF. The first is the subjective sense of tiredness or the descriptive expression of the symptom. The second is the impact of fatigue on various areas of functioning [2]. One of the distinguishing characteristics of CRF is that it is not relieved by sleep or rest [1], and patients report being “unusually” or overwhelmingly tired [3]. CRF affects multiple domains of an individual. In addition to the physical symptoms, CRF is also accompanied by negative affect or distress [1, 3].
Enhanced Processing of Interaural Temporal Disparities at High-Frequencies: Beyond Transposed Stimuli

At the previous two ISH meetings and in subsequent publications we reported that the processing of interaural temporal disparities (ITDs) within high-frequency auditory channels is enhanced by the use of “transposed” stimuli (Bernstein and Trahiotis 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005). Transposed stimuli are designed to provide envelope-based ITD-information within highfrequency channels similar to the ITD-information provided by the waveform itself within low-frequency channels. The enhancement occurred both in terms of better resolution of ITDs and larger extents of ITD-based laterality, as compared to those measured with conventional high-frequency stimuli. Transposed stimuli also exhibited resistance to the types of binaural interference found with conventional stimuli when remote, low-frequency stimulation occurred simultaneously with the high-frequency stimulation conveying the ITD. This presentation reports initial attempts to discern which particular aspects of the envelopes of high-frequency waveforms are sufficient to yield enhanced ITD-processing. We report data collected using what we refer to as “raised-sine” stimuli, which were recently described and employed by John et al. (2002) in research concerning auditory evoked potentials. Their method permits one to control the temporal characteristics of the envelopes of high-frequency waveforms by independently varying modulation frequency, modulation depth, and “dead-time/relative peakedness,” while also suitably restricting the spectral content of the stimulus. The patterning of the behavioral data collected with such stimuli reveals graded amounts of enhancement of ITD-processing as the characteristics of the envelope are changed, in a graded manner, from those characteristic of conventional stimuli toward those characteristic of transposed stimuli. This general outcome was observed in ITD-discrimination and ITD-based lateralization experiments.
Identification of reversible causes of minority inequity in stroke: severity related to race and socio-economic status

Objectives: Previous reports of a higher incidence and risk of stroke in minorities were associated primarily with race and ethnicity, yet the relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and r...
Deep Neural Networks for Natural Language Processing

Abstract This chapter discusses the application of deep neural networks for natural language processing. First, we discuss word vector representation followed by feedforward neural networks. Next, training of deep neural network models and their optimization are discussed. Regularization for deep learning is discussed in detail. Application of deep neural approaches to language modeling is described. Lastly, convolutional neural networks and memory are described.
Blacktail Prairie Dog Emmigration Study, Badlands National Park, South Dakota

The blacktail prarie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) has evolved as a highly successful colonial herbivore with a definite role among natural prairie ecosystems (Coppock et al., 1980; McHugh, 1958). Their coloniality often creates high population densities and heavy use of vegetation (Klatt, 1971; Koford, 1958), inviting conflict with human land use. Exercising management extremes (i.e., completely exterminating prairie dog colonies or allowing the propagation of hugh populations) appears to present little difficulty. The necessary alternative of containing colonial areas and controlling population densities, however, will require nothing short of a complete understanding of prairie dog emigration ecology. Three basic types of prairie dog movement are possible: movements within towns, peripheral expansion of established towns, and long distance dispersals. The latter two categories are of most practical interest, though the amount of within group recruitment must surely exert some influence upon town expansion and dispersal. The subject has received little or no attention in the literature. Expansion of town perimeters and long distance dispersals appear as quite different phenomena. Observations on Badlands N.P. dog towns suggest that estabishment of peripheral burrows rarely occurs over 50 meters from an existing burrow system. Long distance dispersals appear, however, as less common, less successful events which bring individuals into other populations or initiate new colonies. Blacktail prairie dogs have been located over four miles from existing towns (Smith, 1958). Expansion along town peripheries has been described as both an early springtime activity (King, 1955; Koford, 1958; Smith, 1958) and an autumnal activity (Costello, 1970). Little agreement, and less data, exists upon the structure of these emigrating individuals; and only speculation is responsible for our present notions about the variables which control this movement.
Human Leukocyte Metabolism in Vitro II. The Effect of 6-Mercaptopurine on Formate-C14 Incorporation into the Nucleic Acids of Acute Leukemic Leukocytes

1. The effects of added 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) on the in vitro incorporation of radioformate (C 14 ) into the leukocyte nucleic acid purines and thymine of six cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and four cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have been compared with the patients’ clinical response to 6-MP. 2. In seven cases subsequent therapy with 6-MP produced leukopenia. Of these, in vitro 6-MP diminished leukocyte C 14 incorporation into the nucleic acid purines in three cases of AML, had no effect in two cases of AML and one case of ALL, and enhanced C 14 incorporation into the leukocyte purines of a second case of ALL. Thymine synthesis was slightly diminished by 6-MP in the AML leukocytes in which purine synthesis was inhibited, and in one drugsensitive ALL leukocyte population in which purine synthesis was slightly increased by the analog. Thus, no regular and consistent relationship between the antileukemic effect of the drug and suppression of purine or thymine synthesis by 6-MP in vitro could be demonstrated. 3. Studies of the leukocytes of two cases of drug-resistant ALL yielded results similar to those observed in presumably drug-sensitive ALL cells. 4. The leukocytes of two cases of AML with acquired drug-resistance showed an increased capacity for in vitro RNA purine synthesis; in the one case in which studies before and after the development of resistance were possible, this property was apparently acquired during therapy. This suggests that an increase in purine biosynthetic enzyme reserves may be a mechanism of 6-MP-resistance in some human leukemias.
Composition, Seasonality, and Life History of Decapod Shrimps in Great Bay, New Jersey

Shrimp are critical to estuarine food webs because they are a resource to economically and ecologically important fish and crabs, but also consume primary production and prey on larval fish and small invertebrates. Yet, we know little of their natural history. This study determined shrimp community composition, seasonality, and life histories by sampling the water column and benthos with plankton nets and benthic traps, respectively, in Great Bay, a relatively unaltered estuary in southern New Jersey. We identified 6 native (Crangon septemspinosa, Palaemon vulgaris, P. pugio, P. intermedius, Hippolyte pleuracanthus, and Gilvossius setimanus) and 1 non-native (P. macrodactylus) shrimp species. These results suggest that the estuary is home to a relatively diverse group of shrimp species that differ in the spatial and temporal use of the estuary and the adjacent inner shelf.
Mindful Hypnotherapy to Reduce Stress and Increase Mindfulness: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.

The feasibility of mindful hypnotherapy (MH) intervention for stress reduction was investigated in a randomized trial. Forty-two college-age participants with elevated stress were randomized into M...
The Birth of Loud: Leo Fender, Les Paul, and the Guitar-Pioneering Rivalry That Shaped Rock ’n’ Roll: by Ian S. Port, New York: Scribner/Simon and Schuster, 2019, 340 pp., $28.00 (hardcover), ISBN 978-1-5011-4165-2

The Birth of Loud honors Gibson’s Les Paul Model guitar and the Fender Stratocaster. These two gems of audio technology, along with the Fender Telecaster, Fender Precision Bass and Fender Showman a...
Contemporary Endovascular 30-Day Outcomes for Critical Limb Threatening Ischemia Relative to Surgical Bypass Grafting.

OBJECTIVES Data from 2011-2014 showed lower extremity bypass(LEB) outperforming infrainguinal endovascular intervention(IEI) regarding major adverse limb events(MALE) but noted no significant difference in major adverse cardiac events(MACE) in propensity matched cohorts. This study aimed to determine if more recent(2015-2018) endovascular outcomes data have improved relative to surgical bypass. METHODS Patients who underwent intervention for chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) from 2015-2018 were identified using the American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program(NSQIP) Vascular Surgery module. The cohort was categorized as undergoing lower extremity bypass(LEB) or infrainguinal endovascular intervention(IEI). Primary 30-day outcomes included major adverse cardiac events(MACE), major adverse limb events(MALE), and major amputation. Inverse probability weighting was used for multivariable analysis. RESULTS A total of 10,783 patients underwent an infrainguinal intervention for CLTI from 2015-2018. Of these, 6,003(55.7%) underwent LEB and 4,780(44.3%) underwent IEI. Forty percent of the cohort was considered "high anatomic risk" by Objective Performance Goals(OPG) standards, and 13.6% were considered "high clinical risk." The IEI cohort vs. the LEB cohort experienced a Myocardial infarction(MI)/Stroke rate of 1.8% vs. 3.6%(p < .001), and had a mortality rate of 2.0% vs. 1.7%(p = .22), which yielded a composite MACE of 3.4% vs. 4.8%(p = .001). The rate of reintervention for IEI vs LEB was 4.4% vs. 5.3%(p = .04), the loss of patency (without re-intervention) rate was 1.8% vs. 1.8%(p = 1.0), and the major amputation rate was 4.1% vs. 3.5%(p = .15), which resulted in a MALE rate of 9.1% vs. 8.8%(p = .50). Following inverse probability weighting, comparing the IEI to the referent LEB, MALE AOR = 1.17, 95% CI[1.01 -1.36], p = .036, MACE AOR = 0.61, 95% CI[0.49-0.74], p < .001, and major amputation AOR = 1.31, 95% CI[1.05 -1.62], p = .016. CONCLUSION Endovascular outcomes continue to demonstrate inferiority in major amputation and overall MALE. However, endovascular intervention has a significantly reduced incidence of MACE. Overall, these results demonstrate an improvement in endovascular MACE rates in recent years relative to surgical bypass.
Vertical NV-NEM Switches in CMOS Back-End-of-Line: First Experimental Demonstration and Array Programming Scheme

Metallic interconnect layers in a standard 65 nm CMOS back-end-of-line (BEOL) process are leveraged to form vertically oriented non-volatile (NV) nano-electromechanical (NEM) switches for compact implementation of hybrid CMOS-NEM integrated circuits. A reconfigurable look-up table (LUT) implemented with an array of vertical NV-NEM switches is experimentally demonstrated. A row/column addressing scheme is proposed and demonstrated via simulation for programming an array of NV-NEM switches. Scaled NV-NEM technology is projected to be advantageous for high-speed (sub-10ns), low-power reconfigurable computing applications.
Leptoquarks and matter unification: Flavor anomalies and the muon g−2

We discuss the minimal theory for quark-lepton unification at the low scale. In this context, the quarks and leptons are unified in the same representations and neutrino masses are generated through the inverse seesaw mechanism. The properties of the leptoquarks predicted in this theory are discussed in detail, and we investigate the predictions for the leptonic and semileptonic decays of mesons. We study the possibility to explain the current value of ${\mathcal{R}}_{K}$ reported by the LHCb Collaboration and the value of the muon anomalous magnetic moment reported by the Muon $g\ensuremath{-}2$ experiment at Fermilab.
High-light yield bismuth-loaded plastic scintillators

Plastic-based scintillator detectors have many advantages over inorganic scintillators, including mechanical ruggedness and cost. However, their range of application has generally been limited by their lack of gamma spectroscopic performance. We have been developing metal-organic doped plastic scintillators which allow for spectroscopy while maintaining the advantages of plastics. These scintillators allow for the use of plastics in many new application spaces. Using iridium based fluors, bismuth loaded plastics have demonstrated high light yields of >20,000 photons/MeV and good energy resolution (<12% FWHM at 662keV) in modest sizes. We are working on scaling up these scintillators to larger sizes for use in radio-isotope identification (RIID) type application. This work was supported by the US DOE Office of NNSA NA-22 DNN Program and was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
Pain in Chronic Pancreatitis: Pathomechanism and Clinical Presentation

The causes of abdominal pain in chronic pancreatitis remain elusive. Possible causes include acute inflammation of the pancreas, increased intrapancreatic pressure within ducts and/or parenchyma, and neural inflammation. Possible extrapancreatic causes include common bile duct stenosis and duodenal stenosis.
Et tu Homo sapiens

The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition. Michael Tomasello. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1999. 254 pp. $29.95. ISBN 0-674-00070-6. Tomasello examines how, and why, humans differ from other species, particularly other primates. He argues that the we are distinguished by our unique capacity to put ourselves into the minds of others, which has allowed us to learn by imitation and inform by teaching.
Employment in agribusiness and purchases of agricultural products: the effects of monetization in Yugoslavia

Efforts to stabilize employment and output in the agricultural sector of Yugoslavia through monetization contributed to inflationary pressures. Granger causality tests suggest that increases in the rate of growth in the supply of money to subsidize state-owned agribusinesses were insufficient to maintain purchases of wheat and corn, but did cause purchases of cattle and swine. This result may be explained by producers having more flexibility in grain marketing (i.e., storage options and private buyers) and the perishability issues related to livestock marketing. The policy to maintain employment through monetization is shown to have been ineffective.
Women's Labor Force Participation and Status Exchange in Intermarriage: A Model and Evidence for Hawaii1

Women's labor force participation, ethnic status and interracial marriage are examined in this paper to test Grossbard-Shechtman's marriage market theory. Perceived racial and ethnic group status is found to be an important attribute in marriage market exchange that combines marriage and working outside the home. Caucasian women, who have a higher perceived ethnic status, tend not to work when they marry men of a lower perceived ethnic status, while the opposite is found of women who have a lower perceived group status and who marry into a higher-status group. This is especially of women with low education, while highly educated women are less affected by compensating differentials at marriage as related to ethnic status of the couple. Ethnic groups that have a recent immigration history also have a different pattern of intermarriage and women's labor force participation.
Composition of service specifications

The service specification ss(P) of a protocol P defines the services provided by the protocol and its protocol specification ps(P) specifies the rules of message exchange to ensure the service. Protocol composition has been advocated as an attractive way to design complex protocols. Several techniques have been studied for composition of protocol specifications. In these techniques, to combine component protocols P and and to design R, ps(P) and ps(and) are first combined to obtain ps(R) and then inference rules are used to derive ss(R). In this paper, we explore an alternative strategy in which we allow composition to be specified at the service specification level (that is, ss(P) and ss(Q) are first combined to obtain ss(R)). Given ss(R), we provide an algorithm to mechanically combine ps(P) and ps(Q) to generate ps(R) such that ps(R) satisfies ss(R). We show that analysis of ss(R) is sufficient to ensure that ps(R) satisfies certain safety and liveness properties. This results in efficient validation as state space of ss(R) is typically significantly smaller than that of ps(R).
Institutional ownership, information and liquidity

We examine relations between institutional ownership and quoted bid-ask spreads in general, and the adverse-selection component of the spread in particular. For our sample of Nasdaq stocks, we find that high institutional ownership leads to narrower spreads and spreads with a smaller proportion attributable to asymmetric information. Our results are not attributable to institutions' preferences for liquid securities. The relation between spreads and institutional ownership varies significantly across institutional type and is related to the largest block size held by an institution. Our evidence suggests that increases in institutional ownership reduce the costs of liquidity services by ameliorating informational asymmetries.
A comparative study of choline acetyltransferase from normal and Alzheimer brain

Abstract A comparitive study was made of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) from normal and Alzheimer (senile dementia of the Alzheimer type) brain. The number of molecular weight and charge forms of the enzyme were determined in the caudate region of both brains. Efficient purification of active ChAT was achieved using immuno-affinity purification. It was shown that the purified enzyme was identical in both cases, exhibiting a single charge (apparent pI∼8.2) and a single molecular weight (mol. wt. = 68,000). The idea of a selective loss of one particular isoform to explain the reduced levels of ChAT observed in Alzheimer's disease can be ruled out.
Modeling the Dynamics of MBS Spreads

This article investigates the dynamics of mean reversion and volatility in mortgage-backed security spreads, the yield spreads between conventional 30-year mortgages and Treasury securities. The findings indicate that changes in MBS spreads follow in all instances asymmetric mean-reverting processes. They exhibit non-stationary behavior following spread increases, but they are strongly mean-reverting following spread decreases. The mean-reverting component is statistically and economically stronger, thus offsetting non-stationarity. Volatility is time-varying, depending on past innovations, past volatility estimates, and the level of past spreads. Its behavior is asymmetric, rising more in response to positive innovations.
Hepatic Hydroxylation of 3β-Hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one in Orchiectomized or Adrenalectomized Rats Exposed to a Reversed Light Cycle, Constant Light, or Constant Darkness

The oxidative metabolism of 3β-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one (DHA)2 by liver microsomes in vitro was studied in sham-operated, castrated, or adrenalectomized rats maintained for 21 days in a normal light cycle, a reverse light cycle, constant light, or constant darkness and killed either at 0600 or 1800 h. Statistical analysis of the data (3-way analysis of variance) indicated the following significant effects: 1) exposure to a reverse light cycle resulted in lower body weights and increased rates of formation of 7α-0H-DHA and 7-oxo-DHA; 2) despite an increase in microsomal protein content, livers from rats in constant light had the lowest rates of formation of all DHA products; 3) rats kept in constant darkness exhibited the highest rates of DHA metabolism; 4) castration decreased the microsomal protein content and the rates of formation of 16α-0H-DHA, 7α-0H-DHA, and 7-oxo-DHA; 5) adrenalectomized rats exhibited high rates of 7α-0H-DHA formation although microsomal protein and liver and body weights decreas...
Molecular Dynamics Study of Lithium Diffusion in Lithium-Manganese Spinel Cathode Materials

A series of molecular dynamics computer simulations of the self-diffusion of lithium in pure and several doped lithium-manganese spinel materials has been completed. The theoretical approach is part of an effort to understand the mechanisms and rates of lithium diffusion, and to evaluate the structural control of the cathode materials upon lithium intercalation (charge-discharge) process. The molecular dynamics approach employs a fully ionic forcefield that accounts for electrostatic, repulsive, and dispersion interactions among all ions.
Autoantigen arrays for multiplex analysis of antibody isotypes

We describe here a microarray-based method for multiplexed, antigen-specific assessment of immunoglobulin (Ig) subclasses. We used 1152-feature arrays composed of 140 antigens or antigen fragments to detect isotype-specific mAb, to quantitatively monitor changes in isotype mAb concentration, and to profile antigen-specific antibody isotype production in a murine model of autoimmunity. This platform can be easily adapted to a variety of applications, and has the potential to elucidate mechanisms that govern development and evolution of antibody responses in in vivo and in vitro systems.
Evidence of gametic mutation for flower color in Tradescantia

Abstract Data are presented that show that genetic alterations of flower color occur in the gametes of Tradescantia following gamma radiation and these alterations are transmitted through the pollen to the F 1 generation. The data demonstrate that the pink somatic mutations in petal and stamen hair cells, used as indicators of the presence of environmental mutagens, are due to hereditary changes rather than to temporary physiological alterations. The results also indicate that there exists a linear increase in gametic mutation rate of flower color as well as linear decrease in survival to maturity as the dosage of gamma radiation increases.
Can ectomycorrhizal fungi circumvent the nitrogen mineralization for plant nutrition in temperate forest ecosystems

Nitrogen (N) limits plant growth in many forest ecosystems. The largest N pool in the plant–soil system is typically organic, contained primarily within the living plants and in the humus and litter layers of the soil. Understanding the pathways by which plants obtain N is a priority for clarifying N cycling processes in forest ecosystems. In this review, the interactions between saprotrophic microorganisms and ectomycorrhizal fungi in N nutrition with a focus on the ability of ectomycorrhizal fungi to circumvent N mineralization for the nutrition of plants in forest ecosystems will be discussed. Traditionally, it is believed that in order for plants to fulfill their N requirements, they primarily utilize ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−). In temperate forest ecosystems, many woody plants form ectomycorrhizas which significantly improves phosphorus (P) and N acquisition by plants. Under laboratory conditions, ectomycorrhizal fungi have also been proven to be able to obtain N from organic sources such as protein. It was thus proposed that ectomycorrhizal fungi potentially circumvent the standard N cycle involving N mineralization by saprotrophic microorganisms. However, in many forest ecosystems the majority of the proteins in the forest floor form complexes with polyphenols. Direct access of N by ectomycorrhizal fungi from a polyphenol–protein complex may be limited. Ectomycorrhizal fungi may depend on saprotrophic microorganisms to liberate organic N sources from polyphenol complexes. Thus, interactions between saprotrophic microorganisms and ectomycorrhizal fungi are likely to be essential in the cycling of N within temperate forest ecosystems.
Librarian Roles in Institutional Repository Data Set Collecting: Outcomes of a Research Library Task Force

The collection development role of the academic librarian in the research university library is increasingly subject to significant change as opportunities to build new types of library collections proliferate, particularly with respect to research data. A Purdue Libraries task force was charged with building faculty-produced collections for a data repository prototype. One purpose of the project was to inventory and characterize the resources and skills required of the libraries and its data-collecting librarians. This paper examines the librarian roles and activities that were identified during the project and suggests ways the experience of the task force can inform the roles and activities of librarians who are similarly charged.