cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Postpartum Septic Pelvic Thrombophlebitis: A Multicenter Cohort.

Objective The objective of this study was to identify risk factors associated with the development of septic pelvic thrombophlebitis (SPT). Study Design This is a secondary case–control study of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit Network Cesarean Registry. SPT was defined as suspected infectious thrombosis of the pelvic veins, often persistent febrile illness in the setting of antibiotic therapy for endometritis. Women with SPT were compared with those without SPT using descriptive statistics. Logistic regression models estimated the association between selected risk factors and SPT. Results Of 73,087 women in the cohort, 89 (0.1%) developed SPT. Women with SPT were more likely to be Conclusion SPT is a rare pregnancy complication. Our analysis confirmed known risk factors (e.g., infections, cesarean delivery), and identified novel ones, including black race, young age, preeclampsia, and multiple gestation.
Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors Among Lesbian, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Women: Findings from the Nurses' Health Study II.

Abstract Introduction: Lesbian and bisexual (LB) women are at greater risk of obesity than heterosexuals. However, few studies have examined sexual orientation differences in physical activity (PA) and even fewer have examined differences in sedentary behaviors. This study assessed PA more comprehensively than previous research by including aerobic PA, strengthening PA, and sitting time, to explore sexual orientation differences among adult women. Methods: Nearly 100,000 women from Nurses' Health Study II were included in multivariable-adjusted repeated measures analyses. PA and sedentary behaviors were assessed in 1989, 1991, 1997, 2001, 2005, and 2009 (age range: 24–64 years). Aerobic PA was converted to metabolic equivalent task (MET)-hours/week, whereas strengthening PA and sedentary behaviors were measured in hours/week. About 1.3% of the sample identified as lesbian (n = 926) or bisexual (n = 415). Results: On average over repeated measures, LB women reported engaging in 2–3 MET-hours/week more of t...
Abstract 253: Complete Reversal of Xylazine-induced Bradycardia With Intralipid in Female Mice

Sudden cardiac arrest accounts for 300 000 to 400 000 deaths annually in united states both in men and women. Cardiac arrest could be due to abnormally slow heart rate known as bradycardia. Bradyca...
Docutek's ERes Electronic reserve software: An evaluation

Abstract This paper covers selected shortcomings in Docutek's ERes system for electronic reserves. Some of the topics include an inability to customize some pages or find certain usage statistics, a high number of steps to add a document to a page, some difficulties in cross listing courses and deleting faculty accounts and a lack of options for creating non-course pages. While there are a number of items mentioned as problems within ERes, the system remains a terrific choice for institutions looking for an efficient and effective way to make faculty course materials available on the Web. Docutek is planning a major upgrade with v5 that may answer some of the questions raised in this article.
Fractures of the Distal Femur

Fragility fractures of the distal femur pose a challenge for stable internal fixation and good functional outcomes. Among those challenges are frailty of the elderly patient, high degree of osteoporosis, instability of the fracture patterns, short distal femur segment, and amount of comminution. Mortality at 1 year has been reported as high as 30%. Morbidity includes significant decreases in function, quality of life as well as medical and surgical complications. Medical stabilization and optimization are extremely important in this frail population. Non-surgical management is reserved for minimally displaced fractures in the patient who will likely not tolerate the risks of anesthesia or surgical intervention. Surgical treatment, which is the favored treatment, is necessary to prevent prolonged immobilization and its sequelae. Surgical treatment options include antegrade or retrograde intramedullary nailing, standard lateral plating, the use of fixed angle devices, and total knee arthroplasty. Rehabilitation is necessary and includes early range of motion, strengthening, mobilization, gait training if possible, and prevention of common medical complications.
Automated detection of mesial temporal and temporoperisylvian seizures in the anterior thalamic nucleus.

Abstract Background and purpose Focal seizures can arise from coordinated activity across large-scale epileptic networks and propagate to regions that are not functionally altered but are recruited by epileptiform discharges. In preclinical models of focal epilepsy, the thalamus is recruited by cortical onset seizures, but it remains to be demonstrated in clinical studies. In this pilot study, the authors investigate whether seizures with onset within and outside the mesial temporal structures are detected in the anterior thalamus (ATN). Methods After written consent, three subjects with suspected temporal lobe epilepsy undergoing stereotactic electrode implantation were recruited prospectively for thalamocortical depth EEG recordings. Three seizure detection metrics (line length-LL, Laplace operator-Lap; Teager energy-TE) were studied within the seizure onset zone and ATN. Results The LL, Lap, and TE metrics detected 40 (95%) seizures each in the ATN before the behavioral manifestation. Rates of detection in the seizure onset zone were 40 (95%), 42 (100%), and 41 (98%), respectively. The mean detection latency in ATN from SOZ ranged from 0.25 to 5.17 s. Seizures were localized to amygdala-hippocampus, temporal pole, anterior insula and superior temporal gyrus. Conclusions The pilot study demonstrates that seizures in mesial temporal and temporal-plus epilepsies (i.e., temporoperisylvian) can be detected reliably in the ATN. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.
Literary Justice: Representing the London Treason Trials of 1794

In the wake of the French Revolution, political rhetoric and action in Britain reached a heightened state. Consequently, government surveillance of British reformers increased dramatically and resulted in political trials for sedition and treason. The most prominent of these trials were the London Treason Trials of 1794. Among the multiple narratives that engaged with the dialogue of the trials were novels that represented the injustices of surveillance, arrests, imprisonments, and prosecutions. In this essay, I examine four representative novels that grapple with the persecution of reformers and clarify some of the most important obstacles to, and limitations of, an expansion of the franchise. The novels supply a crucial part of the story of radical efforts in the 1790s and the trials that attempted to suppress and silence reformers.
Regulation of phosphorylase B to A conversion in muscle.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the regulation of phosphorylase b to a conversion in muscle. Epinephrine stimulates phosphorylase b to a conversion in skeletal muscle which has been explained by a sequence of reactions starting with augmentation of the activity of adenylate cyclase. Increased intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations stimulate cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase activity to catalyze the conversion of phosphorylase b kinase to the activated form. The activated phosphorylase b kinase then catalyzes phosphorylase a formation, which in turn catalyzes glycogenesis. Support for this hypothesis has been obtained from the experiments in which relatively large doses of catecholamines were used in vivo . However, results at variance with this scheme were obtained when low concentrations of isoproterenol were used to stimulate phosphorylase b to a conversion in the autoperfused rabbit gracilis muscle. Three phases of phosphorylase b to a conversion were observed as functions of time and dose of isoproterenol.
Children's Inferences About Friendship and Shared Preferences Based on Reported Information.

Two experiments (total N = 195) examined third-party inferences about friendship and shared preferences from reported dyadic information. Four-year-olds (N = 48) inferred friendship between individuals based on reports of prosocial behavior, and similarity, but not based on arbitrary links. Children privileged prosocial behavior over similarity when asked to adjudicate between the two. Adults (N = 120) were tested online and showed the same overall pattern of inferences. Furthermore, 4-year-olds (N = 27) expected individuals who had engaged in prosocial behavior to be playmates as well as friends, and to share preferences for novel games, but not novel foods. These findings shed crucial light on preschoolers' third-party friendship inferences, and add to our knowledge of their concept of friendship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Self-tolerance curtails the B cell repertoire to microbial epitopes

Immunological tolerance removes or inactivates self-reactive B cells, including those that also recognize cross-reactive foreign antigens. Whereas a few microbial pathogens exploit these "holes" in the B cell repertoire by mimicking host antigens to evade immune surveillance, the extent to which tolerance reduces the B cell repertoire to foreign antigens is unknown. Here, we use single-cell cultures to determine the repertoires of human B cell antigen receptors (BCRs) before (transitional B cells) and after (mature B cells) the second B cell tolerance checkpoint in both healthy donors and in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) . In healthy donors, the majority (~70%) of transitional B cells that recognize foreign antigens also bind human self-antigens (foreign+self), and peripheral tolerance halves the frequency of foreign+self-reactive mature B cells. In contrast, in SLE patients who are defective in the second tolerance checkpoint, frequencies of foreign+self-reactive B cells remain unchanged during maturation of transitional to mature B cells. Patterns of foreign+self-reactivity among mature B cells from healthy donors differ from those of SLE patients. We propose that immune tolerance significantly reduces the scope of the BCR repertoire to microbial pathogens and that cross-reactivity between foreign and self epitopes may be more common than previously appreciated.
The Computational Design of Two-Dimensional Materials

A computational laboratory experiment investigating molecular models for hexagonal boron–carbon–nitrogen sheets (h-BCN) was developed and employed in an upper-level undergraduate chemistry course. Students used the Avogadro user interface for molecular editing and the WebMO interface for the quantum computational workflow. Density functional theory calculations were carried out to compare the electronic structures, relative energies, and other properties of mono-, di-, and tetrameric h-BCN molecular models. Experimental precursor molecules and other analogous single-layer two-dimensional (2D) materials were studied as well. These computations exemplified how electronic properties such as the band gaps of potentially useful 2D materials can be finely tuned by varying chemical structure.
New and evolving concepts of melanocytic nevi and melanocytomas

In daily clinical practice melanocytic nevi are commonly encountered. Traditionally, both benign and malignant melanocytic tumors have been sub-classified by their histopathologic characteristics with differing criteria for malignancy applied to each group. Recently, many of the mutations that initiate nevus formation have been identified and specific sets of mutations are found in different subtypes of nevi. Whereas a single mutation appears sufficient to initiate a nevus, but is not enough to result in melanoma, specific combinations of mutations have been identified in some melanocytic tumors that are regarded to be of low biologic potential. The term “melanocytoma” has recently been proposed by the World Health Organization to describe those tumors that demonstrate genetic progression beyond the single mutations that are found in nevi but are not frankly malignant. Melanocytomas occupy intermediate genetic stages between nevus and melanoma and likely have an increased risk of malignant transformation as compared to nevi. This review provides an update on the broad spectrum of melanocytic nevi and melanocytomas and outlines their key histopathologic and genetic features.
Process-voltage-temperature aware nanoscale circuit optimization

Embedded systems which are targeted towards portable applications are required to have low power consumption because such portable devices are typically powered by batteries. During the memory accesses of such battery operated portable systems, including laptops, cell phones and other devices, a significant amount of power or energy is consumed which significantly affects the battery life. Therefore, efficient and leakage power saving cache designs are needed for longer operation of battery powered applications. Design engineers have limited control over many design parameters of the circuit and hence face many challenges due to inherent process technology variations, particularly on static random access memory (SRAM) circuit design. As CMOS process technologies scale down deeper into the nanometer regime, the push for high performance and reliable systems becomes even more challenging. As a result, developing low-power designs while maintaining better performance of the circuit becomes a very difficult task. Furthermore, a major need for accurate analysis and optimization of various forms of total power dissipation and performance in nanoscale CMOS technologies, particularly in SRAMs, is another critical issue to be considered. This dissertation proposes power-leakage and static noise margin (SNM) analysis and methodologies to achieve optimized static random access memories (SRAMs). Alternate topologies of SRAMs, mainly a 7-transistor SRAM, are taken as a case study throughout this dissertation. The optimized cache designs are process-voltage-temperature (PVT) tolerant and consider individual cells as well as memory arrays.
Complete Genome Sequences of Pseudomonas alkylphenolica Neo and Variovorax sp. Strain CSUSB, Obtained in Undergraduate Microbiology Courses Using a Hybrid Assembly Approach.

ABSTRACT Two Gram-negative bacteria with a high G+C content were isolated from soil in undergraduate microbiology classes by enriching for low nutrient growth and neonicotinoid pesticide tolerance. DNA from these isolates was purified and sequenced using a hybrid approach. Here we report the genome sequences of Pseudomonas alkylphenolica strain Neo and Variovorax sp. strain CSUSB.
Bioluminescence for in vivo detection of cell-type-specific inflammation in a mouse model of uveitis.

This study reports the use of cell-type-specific in vivo bioluminescence to measure intraocular immune cell population dynamics during the course of inflammation in a mouse model of uveitis. Transgenic lines expressing luciferase in inflammatory cell subsets (myeloid cells, T cells, and B cells) were generated and ocular bioluminescence was measured serially for 35 days following uveitis induction. Ocular leukocyte populations were identified using flow cytometry and compared to the ocular bioluminescence profile. Acute inflammation is neutrophilic (75% of ocular CD45 + cells) which is reflected by a significant increase in ocular bioluminescence in one myeloid reporter line on day 2. By day 7, the ocular T cell population increases to 50% of CD45 + cells, leading to a significant increase in ocular bioluminescence in the T cell reporter line. While initially negligible ( 4% by day 35. This change is reflected by a significant increase in the ocular bioluminescence of the B cell reporter line starting on day 28. Our data demonstrates that cell-type-specific in vivo bioluminescence accurately detects changes in multiple intraocular immune cell populations over time in experimental uveitis. This assay could also be useful in other inflammatory disease models.
Guidance materials from 2014 to 2019 on nutritional care for Ebola patients in Ebola Treatment Units: an analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the inclusion and exclusion of nutritional content in guidance materials related to nutritional care for hospitalised Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) patients of any age with the aim to provide recommendations for future revised nutritional care guidelines in Ebola Treatment Units (ETU). Design: Qualitative and quantitative analyses of ETU protocols and other guidance materials were conducted. Materials were obtained from practitioners, their organisations and governments active in EVD outbreaks since 2014. Setting: Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Democratic Republic of Congo. Results: Guidance materials showed a wide variety of topics. Most contained information on different feeding phases during illness, the use of specialised products, what and how to feed children aged 0–23 months, and meal and snack frequency for different age groups. Most materials lacked guidance on how to assess or accommodate patients’ dietary preferences, how to obtain feedback on nutritional care from patients or how to assess whether patients need feeding support. These aspects are particularly relevant to prevent deterioration of the patients’ nutritional status. There was limited guidance on operational aspects of food preparation and provision. Conclusions: Since 2014, numerous materials have been developed by organisations and governments on nutritional support in ETU. Although every EVD outbreak response must be contextualised because of the complexity of EVD and its case management, it is important to resolve technical differences and to provide comprehensive and more practical guidance. The findings of this study may inform future revised guidelines from normative UN organisations and governments of countries affected by EVD.
Special Issue: Photoactive Materials: Synthesis, Applications and Technology.

The science of light–matter interaction is one of the greatest accomplishment of the past 100 years [...]
The Atavistic Vision of Andalusia in Lorca’s Romancero gitano: History and Context

The vision of Andalusia found in Lorca’s Romancero gitano and the related ‘Conferencia-recital’ is best understood in the context of a long history of writings that present a variety of different perspectives: from the Romantic envisioning of Andalusia, the Generation of 1898’s exaltation of Castile, pre-modernista colorismo, the modernismo of Sanchez Rodriguez and Juan Ramon Jimenez, and andalucismo, through to several ‘theories of Andalusia’. Parallel to this run the main stages of research into cante jondo, a genre often held to express ‘alma andaluza’. Both traditions stress the many historical ‘layers’ of Andalusian civilization, leading to the notion of atavism.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE GDP OF THE KUWAIT ECONOMY

The structure of the gross domestic product of the Kuwaiti economy consists of about 59% of the oil sector during the study period 2006-2019, as the added value of the GDP increased from about 29.6 million Kuwaiti dinars in 1995 to about 39.4 million dinars, with an increase of about 7.8 million dinars. K, with an increase of 26.4% and an annual growth rate of 20%, and the rest of the non-oil sectors of the national economy contribute about 40% of the GDP, which makes the Kuwaiti economy vulnerable to instability and fluctuations. Therefore, planning focuses on sectors that no longer have an activity by returning to take their role in the wheel of development and increasing the contribution of non-oil sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing industries, the financial sector, trade, banking and health by a greater percentage than the current contribution and by overcoming the problems and challenges facing the project as well as directing investments and implementing projects Conclusively, in the non-oil sectors to increase its contribution to production and added value, accelerate performance, improve productivity and employment.
Cardiovascular Informatics: A Perspective on Promises and Challenges of IVUS Data Analysis

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a catheter-based medical imaging modality that is capable of providing cross-sectional images of the interior of blood vessels. A comprehensive analysis of the IVUS data allows collecting information about the morphology and structure of the vessel and the atherosclerotic plaque, if present. Atherosclerotic plaque formation is considered to be a part of an inflammatory process. Recent evidence has suggested that the presence and proliferation of vasa vasorum (VV) in the plaque is correlated with the increase of plaque inflammation and the processes which lead to its destabilization. Hence, the detection and measurement of VV in plaque has the potential to enable the development of an index of plaque vulnerability. In this paper, we review the research at the Computational Biomedicine Lab towards the development of a complete pipeline for the detection and quantification of extra-luminal blood detection from IVUS data which may be an indication of the existence of VV.
Iodine-125 irradiation of choroidal melanoma. Clinical experience.

Abstract Twenty-nine patients with choroidal melanomas were treated with iodine-125 seeds in gold scleral plaques. Iodine-125 emits low energy 25 KeV photons which are attenuated by the side and back of the plaques so that the radiation is "directed" towards the choroidal tumor. The anticipated therapeutic benefits of using a low energy isotope and directional applicators have been realized. There has been a marked reduction in ocular complications in the nine medium and 20 large melanomas so treated. Our complication rate was 34% with a mean follow-up of 38 months. This is a lower complication rate, with longer follow-up, and in larger tumors than that reported with the use of cobalt-60, ruthenium-106 or ion beam. Three patients with large tumors and two patients with medium tumors died of metastasis. This compares favorably to results of similarly sized melanomas treated by enucleation.
Multiorgan engraftment of human somatic cells in swine foetuses after intra-blastocyst transplantation.

Contents Adult human stem cells, mainly from hematopoietic lineage, have been injected into developing pre-immune animal foetuses, and xenogenic engraftment of liver and other organs has been reported. We isolated a rare cell population from adult human liver, fat and skin. Colonies with few cells became visible as early as 2–3 days, and a fully formed colony took 10–14 days to form. These colonies were named as liver-derived cell lines (LDCs), fat-derived cell lines (FDCs) and skin-derived cell lines (SDCs). All these cells express few pluripotency markers like Klf4, c-myc and Sox2. Pig blastocysts were injected with LDCs, FDCs and SDCs and transferred to recipient pigs. We achieved an overall pregnancy rate of 71.4% at day 35. The foetuses were analysed for human cell chimerism in liver, kidney and heart both by RT-PCR and real-time PCR using primers specific to human and pig mitochondrial DNA. The percentage of foetuses showing chimerism was 17.4% (4/23), 12.5% (2/16) and 11.1% (1/9) for LDCs, FDCs and SDCs, respectively. Of these, 42.9% (three out of seven) showed chimerism in liver and 71.4% (five out of seven) showed kidney chimerism. However, we did not detect any chimerism in the heart. The level of chimerism varied and was in the range of one human cell per one hundred thousand to one million pig cells.
Feature extraction for DNA base-calling using NNLS

We present new algorithms that can be used to extract features from a DNA chromatogram prior to base-calling. The algorithms assume that the inter-base distance has already been equalized using methods such as those presented in L. Andrade-Cetto and E. Manolakos (2005). We show first how a good estimate of the peak diffusion (spread) can be calculated from the raw trace and without having to known the underlying base sequence. Using the estimated inter-peak distance and peak spread parameters a non-negative least squares problem can be formulated in order to find the weight factors of the multiple shapes immersed in broad peaks, typically found towards the end of the chromatogram. The two algorithms combined provide peak hypotheses that are tested by the subsequent base decisions and scoring stage of the base-caller using probabilistic methods
Reading Between the Spikes in the Cereal Filiform Hair Receptors of the Cricket

Crickets devote a significant percentage of their body to the creation, maintenance, and use of a low frequency sound/air-current detection system known as the cereal sensory system. Although many functions of this system remain elusive, the cereal system can distinguish different air-current stimuli based on the deflection of its filiform hairs. In response to a particularly interesting stimulus (from the cricket’s point of view) such as the wing beat of a wasp [1], or the wind from a striking frog’s tongue [2], the hundreds of filiform afferents send a barrage of spikes representing wind direction and velocity to the next stage of processing in the terminal abdominal ganglion. The goal of this paper is to characterize the information which is carried by just one primaxy sensory afferent.
Partially Defined Predicates and Semantic Pathology

Scott Soames's book Understanding Truth illuminates many logical and philosophical issues surrounding the concept of truth. I will focus in this note on Soames's illumination of semantic pathologies and, more particularly, of Saul Kripke's theory of truth. Soames develops a new philosophical interpretation of Kripke's theory-an interpretation that is superior to the one provided by Kripke himself. I will explain Soames's interpretation in section 1. I will argue in section 2 that Soames's account of truth and paradox is not completely satisfactory-that it needs revision.
The HSP70 Interaction with Phosphatidyl Serine on Membranes is the Initial Step its Release Into the Extracellular Medium

Expression of heat shock proteins (hsp) is part of the universal cellular response to stress. The cytoprotective role of these proteins has been correlated with their chaperone function within the cytosol. In addition, hsp have been detected on the surface of stressed cells as well as in the extracellular medium. These extracellular hsp appear to play signaling role in the activation of the systemic response to stress. The question that arises is how hsp that do not display any consensus secretory signal or hydrophobic domains are inserted into membranes and secreted into the extracellular medium. We have previously shown that Hsp70, the major inducible hsp, was released embedded into the membrane of export or extracellular vesicles (ECV). The possible mechanism for Hsp70 insertion into membranes was investigated. We found that Hsp70 displayed a high specificity for phosphatidyl serine (PS) on the membrane, even if this lipid is combined with larger amounts of other phospholipids. The interaction of Hsp70 with PS was demonstrated by insertion into liposomes, changes in tryptophan fluorescence after exposure to artificial lipid membranes, and fluorophore leakage from liposomes. In addition, we showed extracellular Hsp70 bound to cells displaying PS on the surface, but not to surface PS negative cells. We propose that insertion of Hsp70 into membranes is a spontaneous process requiring the presence of PS. Therefore, we suggest that the insertion of Hsp70 within cellular membranes is the initial step in the export of this signaling molecule into the extracellular environment.
Surgical complications from hemostatic puncture closure devices.

Abstract Background: For securing immediate hemostasis following percutaneous arterial catheterization, the Food and Drug Administration has approved three hemostatic puncture closure devices. We reviewed our institutional experience with one device (Angio-Seal). Methods: A retrospective, single-center, nonrandomized observational study was made of all vascular complications following femoral cardiac catheterization. Results: An immediate mechanical failure of the device was experienced in 34 (8%) patients. Surgical repair was required in 1.6% (7 of 425) of patients following Angio-Seal versus 0.3% (5 of 1662) following routine manual compression ( P = 0.004). In 5 patients, the device caused either complete occlusion or stenosis of the femoral artery. The polymer anchor embolized in 1 patient and was retrieved with a balloon catheter at surgery. Conclusion: During the first year of utilization of a percutaneous hemostatic closure device following cardiac catheterization, we observed a marked increase in arterial occlusive complications requiring surgical repair. Surgeons must be familiar with the design of these devices to achieve precise repair of surgical complications.
Effects of oxidative stress on intestinal type I insulin-like growth factor receptor expression.

Introduction Oxidative stress activates multiple signaling transduction pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), in an injured intestine as occurs in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We have previously shown that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced PI3-K activation is significantly enhanced with exogenous insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 in intestinal epithelial cells. However, the effects of oxidative stress on IGF receptor type I (IGF-IR) activation and expression in the neonatal intestine during NEC are unknown. Material and Methods Intestinal sections from neonates undergoing bowel resections (control = 3, NEC = 20) were analyzed for IGF-IR expression. NEC was induced in newborn mouse pups using hypoxia and hyperosmolar feeds, and distal small bowel segments were analyzed for IGF-IR expression (control = 3, NEC = 7). H2O2 was used to induce oxidative stress in rat (RIE-1) and fetal human (FHs74 Int) intestinal epithelial cells. Phosphorylation of IGF-IR, Akt, a downstream effector of PI3-K, and IGF-IR levels were determined by Western blotting. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, IGF-IR tyrosine phosphorylation array, cell death enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting were used to determine the IGF-IR expression. Results An increased IGF-IR expression was noted in intestinal sections from NEC as well as murine model of NEC. H2O2 treatment rapidly activated IGF-IR and increased the expression in RIE-1 and FHs74 Int cells. Inhibition of IGF-IR resulted in significant RIE-1 cell apoptosis during oxidative stress. IGF-IR tyrosine phosphorylation array showed the recruitment of several key SH2 domain-containing proteins and oncogenes to the IGF-IR tyrosine kinase domain in H2O2-treated RIE-1 cells. Conclusion IGF-IR-mediated activation of intracellular signaling may play a critical role during oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in NEC.
INFANT MORTALITY DECLINE IN MALAYSIA, 1946-1975: THE ROLES OF CHANGES IN VARIABLES AND CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF RELATIONSHIPS

Individual-level retrospective data from the Malaysian Family Life Survey are used to examine why the infant mortality rate (IMR) has declined rapidly in Malaysia since World War II. Substantial increases in mothers’ education and improvements in water and sanitation have contributed. However, breastfeeding reductions have kept the IMR from declining as rapidly as it would have otherwise. The detrimental effects of reduced breastfeeding more than offset the beneficial effects of water and sanitation improvements. The majority of the IMR decline, however, is not explained by changes in the variables considered here, or in their relationships with infant mortality.
Parametric Testing and Heat Generation Modeling of 133-mm Bore Ball Bearings: Part II—Results with Silicon Nitride Rolling Elements

133 mm bore ball bearings with silicon nitride rolling elements were tested at the following conditions: speeds from 1.5 to 2.6 × 106 DN; thrust loads from 13,350 to 53,400 N; oil delivery temperatures from 66 to 121°C; and oil flow rates from 7.3 to 11.4 L/min. The resulting bearing outer race temperature, oil exit temperature, power loss determined from shaft torque, and power loss determined from oil temperature rise are reported. The experimental data are fitted to an empirical equation to predict power loss. The results are compared to the same bearings fitted with metal rolling elements discussed in Part I.
Recent SEC enforcement actions put spotlight on prohibited short selling

Purpose – To highlight recent enforcement actions by the SEC demonstrating the agency's increased focus on violations of Rule 105 of Regulation M and to provide guidance on how to avoid becoming the target of such an SEC action. Design/methodology/approach – Describes the SEC's 23 recent enforcement actions against firms for violations of Rule 105, explains the conduct prohibited by Rule 105 as well as the exceptions to the Rule, and provides advice on how firms can avoid a Rule 105 related SEC enforcement action. Findings – In light of the SEC's recently announced zero-tolerance policy and the fact that Rule 105 does not require intent on the part of the short seller to engage in a prohibited transaction, firms should provide training to their employees regarding Rule 105, develop and implement policies and procedures to ensure compliance with Rule 105, and enforce those policies and procedures. Originality/value – Practical explanation and guidance by experienced financial services lawyers.
Flexible virtual tools for programming robotic finishing operations

In this paper a Virtual Reality (VR) based interactive system for specifying robotic tasks using virtual tools is described. This environment allows an operator to reach into a live video scene and direct robots to use corresponding real tools in complex scenarios that involve integrating a variety of otherwise autonomous technologies. The attribute‐rich virtual tool concept provides a human‐machine interface that is robust to unanticipated developments and tunable to the specific requirements of a particular task. This interactive specification concept is applied to intermediate manufacturing processes such as robotic based grinding and polishing. Further, in this research, when the operator selects a virtual tool by “clicking” on an icon of the desired tool in a virtual toolbox, a representation of the real‐world tool, laden with associated attributes is displayed. A new flavor of tool is created from the parent class when desired. According to operating constraints, new subclasses, which are offspring of the parent tool class, are derived. A specific instance of a tool can be evoked from any of the derived subclasses. Such attribute laden virtual tools enable easy control of otherwise complicated manufacturing task planning. This paper also explores the use of JAVA applet based interface for using these tools over the Internet. Successful implementation of such a Web‐based system will open the door to the use of robots in many other human intensive manufacturing processes.
On recent claims concerning the Rh = ct Universe

The R_h=ct Universe is a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) cosmology which, like LCDM, assumes the presence of dark energy in addition to (baryonic and non-luminous) matter and radiation. Unlike LCDM, however, it is also constrained by the equation of state (EOS) p=-rho/3, in terms of the total pressure p and energy density rho. One-on-one comparative tests between R_h=ct and LCDM have been carried out using over 14 different cosmological measurements and observations. In every case, the data have favoured R_h=ct over the standard model, with model selection tools yielding a likelihood ~90-95% that the former is correct, versus only ~5-10% for the latter. In other words, the standard model without the EOS p=-rho/3 does not appear to be the optimal description of nature. Yet in spite of these successes---or perhaps because of them---several concerns have been published recently regarding the fundamental basis of the theory itself. The latest paper on this subject even claims---quite remarkably---that R_h=ct is a vacuum solution, though quite evidently rho is not 0. Here, we address these concerns and demonstrate that all criticisms leveled thus far against R_h=ct, including the supposed vacuum condition, are unwarranted. They all appear to be based on incorrect assumptions or basic theoretical errors. Nevertheless, continued scrutiny such as this will be critical to establishing R_h=ct as the correct description of nature.
The semiclassical treatment of some quantum problems

The semiclassical treatment of quantummechanical problems is discussed making use of a generalization of the Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equation to cases in which only some of the variables of the problem are treated classically. The quantum equations are put into a form in which the effects not covered by the semiclassical approximation are concentrated into one set of terms. This enables one to calculate corrections to the semiclassical theory and to demonstrate that compensations of the decrease of scattering in the coherent (“elastic”) channel by the increase caused by the presence of incoherent (“inelastic”) channels which is exact in the semiclassical approximation holds in a certain approximation quantum-mechanically. By means of these relationships it is shown that some and presumably the main contributions to the dynamical effects of molecular electrons interacting with protons in experiments on proton-proton and proton-neutron scattering are negligibly small.
Etiologic factors and pathologic alterations in selenium-vitamin E deficiency and excess in animals and humans

The etiology of selenium-vitamin E (Se-E) deficiency diseases may be complex. Many of the syndromes involve combined deficiency of selenium and vitamin E. Selenium moves into the animal and human food chain from soil and plants, which may contain inadequate amounts of the nutrient in many areas of the world. Vitamin E may be in low concentration in many animal feeds unless supplements are added. Some syndromes, such as steatitis in cats, result from an increased requirement of vitamin E in diets that contain large amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and these diseases will only respond to vitamin E administration. Deficiency syndromes in animals owing to pure Se deficiency are infrequent and have been produced mainly by laboratory studies utilizing extreme deficiency conditions. Other factors that may affect the occurrence of these deficiency diseases are concurrent dietary deficiency of S-containing amino acids, bioavailability of different forms of dietary Se, intake of compounds that antagonize Se (e.g., silver salts), and exposure to various prooxidant substances (e.g., iron compounds, oxygen, ozone, and various drugs).
Nutritional deficits and behavioural development

Despite a high incidence level the study of relations between nutritional deficits and children’s behavioural development is a topic that has been relatively neglected by developmental researchers. Such neglect has implications for the generalisability of developmental theories, especially to less developed countries where the majority of the world’s children live and where nutritional deficits are more likely to occur. This paper reviews evidence on the role played by nutritional deficits in children’s development and the mechanisms underlying nutrition → development links. Future directions for collaborative research between clinical, developmental, and nutritional scientists are proposed.
Superconductivity in thin films of the Bi−Ca−Sr−Cu−O system

Abstract Films of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O have been made by multi-target magnetron sputtering. They show a superconductivity of ≈90–110 K and a resistive T c 0 of 72 K. Preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis suggests the material to be predominantly tetragonal with a cell size of 5.41 A × 5.41 A × 30.8 A.
TI-205 nuclear magnetic resonance determination of the thermodynamic parameters for the binding of monovalent cations to gramicidins A and C

Thermodynamic parameters for the binding of the monovalent cations, Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, NH4+, TI+, and Ag+, to gramicidin A and for the binding of TI+ to gramicidin C, incorporated into lysophosphatidylcholine, have been determined using a combination of TI-205 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and competition binding. The thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy and entropy, are discussed in terms of a process involving the transfer of cations from an aqueous to amide environment.
Trends in seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 among non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites aged 14 to 49 years--United States, 1988 to 2010

ObjectivesGenital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections in the United States. We sought to assess differences in HSV-2 seroprevalence among non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites and describe trends over time from 1988 to 2010.MethodsDa
Photoexcitation of poly(p-phenylene sulfoxide): signatures of triplet excitons

Near steady-state photoinduced absorption spectroscopy has been used for the initial study of millisecond photoexcitations in poly(p-phenylene sulfoxide) (PPSx). A photoinduced absorption (PA) band at ∼2.3 eV is observed. We conclude, based on the transition energy, and frequency and intensity dependence studies of this band, that this PA feature is associated with the formation of triplet excitons in PPSx. The PA spectrum of PPSx is compared with PA spectra previously reported for the leucoemeraldine base (LEB) form of polyaniline and poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS). Ring-torsional polarons were identified as the dominant excitations in LEB and PPS. We suggest that the sulfoxide unit is one factor inhibiting the production of polarons in PPSx.
Is Bible Translation "Imperialist"? Challenging Another Anti-Christian Bias in the Academy.

A strong anti-Christian bias exists in the modern American university. It has been documented by George Marsden in his 1994 book, The Soul of the American University, and by a growing number of other scholars. The modern university response to the history of Bible translation movements provides another example of the anti-Christian bias in the academy. There is a generally held assumption that Christian missions and Bible translation activity have served as destroyers of primitive and other cultures. Bible translators have been viewed as pawns if not active participants in U.S. colonialism and imperialism, and this is unforgivable in higher education circles. Recently, however, Lamin Sanneh, a scholar at Yale University, has disputed these assumptions. This paper supports Sanneh's viewpoint and suggests that Bible translation has served to preserve and support indigenous cultures. It includes a description of one of the earliest Bible translation efforts, that of the ninth century in what is now the count...
Private versus public enterprise

AN ADDRESS “The Era of Public Enterprise” was delivered by Walter Rautenstrauch, professor of industrial engineering, Columbia University, New York, N. Y., at a meeting of the Advertising Club of New York, held March 1, 1933, in that city. Following Professor Rautenstrauch's address, which extolled the benefits expected from increased public enterprise, an address was given by Dr. Virgil Jordan, president, National Industrial Conference Board, Inc., New York, N. Y., in which the case for private enterprise was argued. Excerpts from these 2 addresses follow. These conflicting views are published without editorial comment, in the hope that, between them, the readers of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING may find constructive suggestions and be stimulated to further ideas. Comments, criticisms, and suggestions are invited, as “letters to the editor” they will be considered for possible publication.
Thrombin is a novel regulator of hexokinase activity in mesangial cells

Thrombin is a novel regulator of hexokinase activity in mesangial cells. Background Hexokinase (HK) activity is fundamentally important to cellular glucose uptake and metabolism. Phorbol esters increase both HK activity and glucose utilization in cultured mesangial cells via a protein kinase C (PKC)- and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2)-dependent mechanism. In adult kidneys, increased HK activity has been reported in both glomerular injury and in diabetes, but the mechanisms responsible for these changes are unknown. Thrombin, a known activator of both PKC and ERK1/2, is increased in the settings of renal injury and diabetes. Thus, thrombin may contribute to the observed changes in HK activity in vivo. Methods Thrombin and thrombin receptor agonists were tested for the ability to increase HK activity and glucose metabolism in murine mesangial (SV40 MES 13) cells. ERK1/2 activation was also evaluated in parallel. Thrombin inhibition (hirudins), PKC depletion, Ser-Thr kinase inhibition (H-7), MEK1/2 inhibition (PD98059), pertussis toxin (PTX), and general inhibitors of transcription or translation were then tested for the ability to attenuate these effects. Results Thrombin (≥0.01 U/mL) mimicked the effect of phorbol esters, increasing HK activity 50% within 12 to 24 hours (P Conclusions Thrombin increases mesangial cell HK activity via a PTX-insensitive mechanism involving thrombin receptor activation, PKC-dependent activation of ERK1/2, and both ongoing gene transcription and de novo protein synthesis. As such, thrombin is a novel regulator of HK activity in mesangial cells and may play a role in coupling renal injury to metabolism.
Status of the PALM-3000 high-order adaptive optics system

The PALM-3000 upgrade to the Palomar Adaptive Optics system will deliver extreme adaptive optics correction to a suite of three infrared and visible instruments on the 5.1 meter Hale telescope. PALM-3000 uses a 3388-actuator tweeter and a 241-actuator woofer deformable mirror, a wavefront sensor with selectable pupil sampling, and an innovative wavefront control computer based on a cluster of 17 graphics processing units to correct wavefront aberrations at scales as fine as 8.1 cm at the telescope pupil using natural guide stars. Many components of the system, including the science instruments and a post-coronagraphic calibration wavefront sensor, have already been commissioned on the sky. Results from a laboratory testbed used to characterize the remaining new components and verify all interfaces are reported. Deployment to Palomar Observatory is planned August 2010, with first light expected in early 2011.
Assembly of transcriptionally active chromatin in Xenopus oocytes requires specific DNA binding factors

Active minichromosomes assembled on injected 5S RNA gene clones are stable in Xenopus oocytes; endogenous 5S DNA specific factor(s) are required for their assembly. When somatic-type and oocyte-type 5S RNA gene clones are coinjected, the somatic genes are assembled into active minichromosomes, while most of the oocyte genes are assembled into inactive ones. The differential 5S RNA gene expression, which mimics that in somatic cells, appears to result from titration of 5S DNA specific factor(s) by the competing somatic 5S DNA, followed by histone mediated assembly of inactive chromatin on the oocyte 5S DNA. Stable minichromosomes are also assembled on a cloned histone H4 gene; again, intragenic DNA rearrangements affect the efficiency of assembly of active chromatin and differential gene expression occurs after coinjection of two or more H4 DNA constructs. We suggest that the H4 DNA molecules also compete for limiting quantities of specific DNA binding factor(s) required for the assembly of active H4 gene chromatin.