cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lyman‐α fluorescence from hydrogen photofragments of CH4 and H2O

Lyman‐α fluorescence has been observed from the atomic hydrogen photodissociation fragments of CH4 and H2O, and the fluorescence cross sections have been measured throughout the synchrotron radiation continuum from 175 to 780 A. The maximum fluorescence cross sections are 4.6×10−20 cm2 at 568 A and 1.72×10−18 cm2 at 703 A for CH4 and H2O, respectively. The photodissociation is mainly a direct process following absorption of a photon into the continuum state(s). Structure in the excitation functions is attributed to predissociation of Rydberg series. It is noted that in H2O, but not in CH4, there is a strong competition between the predissociation and photoionization channels. It is shown in CH4, in particular, that the use of fluorescence detection of the dissociation fragments provides very useful information for interpreting photoabsorption processes in the high energy region. The Lyman‐α emission resulting from the dissociation process CH4+hν→CH3+H(n = 2) has been observed in the present work although the threshold for this process has not been determined. However, the threshold corresponding to the process CH4+hν→CH2+H+H(n = 2) and/or CH+H2+H(n = 2) has been measured and found to agree with that determined from electron impact studies.
Redundancy among three herbivorous insects across an experimental current velocity gradient.

We conducted streamside experiments to de- termine if the ability of herbivorous insects to remove algal periphyton varies with local current velocity. We used two mayfly species (Baetis bicaudatus and Drunella grandis) and one caddisfly species (Glossosoma verdona), which differ from one another in body morphology and mobility. Periphyton was grown for 30 days on ceramic tiles in constant velocity to create similar initial forage conditions for grazers. Tiles were transferred to three velocity regimes characteristic of the natural streambed: slow (3-5 cm s -1 ), medium (15-20 cm s -1 ) and fast (32- 41 cm s -1 ). Four grazer treatments (Baetis, Drunella, and Glossosoma alone, and all species combined) were repeated for each velocity treatment to isolate the effect of local current on grazer ability to crop periphyton. Grazers differed in their abilities to remove periphyton across current treatments. Glossosoma removed signifi- cantly (P<0.05) more periphyton at fast versus either slow or medium velocities; Baetis showed a similar (but non- significant) trend; and, Drunella always removed about 75% of periphyton, irrespective of current. At fast current, periphyton removal was equivalent among the species. At medium current, Drunella removed significantly more than both Baetis and Glossosoma, whereas at slow current, Drunella removed more than Baetis, which removed more than Glossosoma. Periphyton removal under the combined three-grazer treatment was similar qualitatively to the combined effects of individual graz- ers. More periphyton tended to be removed as current increased, with the fast versus slow contrast showing marginal significance (P=0.10). Under all current re- gimes, the quantity of periphyton removed did not differ from the null model expectation of simple additive effects among individual grazers (i.e., no facilitation or inhibi- tion). These experiments show that for some species, herbivory varies with current, which suggests that the herbivore "function" of cropping periphyton may vary with the environmental context of local current. Under some local velocities, however, different herbivore spe- cies "function" similarly and are potentially redundant with respect to periphytic removal. In naturally hetero- geneous streams characterized by sharp gradients in local current velocity, we expect current-dependent species interactions to be common and at least partially contribute to intra-guild co-existence of species.
Functional Morphology and Physiology: Comparative Methods

A central goal of biology is to compare organismal structure, function and physiology among a diversity of life forms spanning major evolutionary changes. Special methods now allow the integration of physiology, functional morphology and other traits with evolutionary information to reveal physiological evolution. Keywords: phylogeny; evolution; character change; adaptation; convergence; homoplasy
Microtubule Motor Protein Kar3 Is Required for Normal Mitotic Division and Morphogenesis in Candida albicans

The kinesin-related protein Kar3 is a minus end-directed molecular motor that plays a multifunctional role in microtubule-directed nuclear movement. Previously, it was shown that Candida albicans Kar3p is critical for nuclear fusion during mating as kar3 mutants were defective in karyogamy. In this study, we confirm that Kar3p is required for nuclear congression in mating but that neither Kar3p nor the dynein motor protein Dyn1p is required for nuclear migration in the mating projection prior to cell fusion. In addition, we show that C. albicans Kar3p plays an important role in the cell and colony morphology of mitotically dividing cells, as evidenced by diminished filamentation of kar3 cells on Spider medium and an increased tendency of mutant cells to form pseudohyphal cells in liquid culture. Loss of Kar3p also led to defects in nuclear division, causing cells to grow slowly and exhibit reduced viability compared to wild-type cells. Slow growth was due, at least in part, to delayed cell cycle progression, as cells lacking Kar3p accumulated in anaphase of the cell cycle. Consistent with a role in mitotic division, Kar3 protein was shown to localize to the spindle pole bodies. Finally, kar3 cells exhibited unstable or aberrant mitotic spindles, a finding that accounts for the delay in cell cycle progression and decreased viability of these cells. We suggest that the altered morphology of kar3 cells is a direct consequence of the delay in anaphase, and this leads to increased polarized growth and pseudohypha formation.
Inositol Deficiency: an Intestinal Lipodystrophy in the Gerbil

An intestinal lipodystrophy characterized by accumulation of fat in the intestinal mucosal cells was produced in female gerbils fed purified diets containing certain fats. The syndrome resulted in a relative hypocholesterolemia, debilitation and death. It was most severe when the dietary fat was highly saturated and developed minimally or not at all when the diet contained highly unsaturated oils such as safflower oil. Males were minimally affected with either diet. The syndrome was prevented by the inclusion of liver extract or yeast in the diet. The factor in liver or yeast is presumably inositol since this is also effective. J. Nutr. 103: 302â€"307,1973.
ADF/cofilin-mediated actin dynamics regulate AMPA receptor trafficking during synaptic plasticity

Synapses of the vertebrate nervous system are highly plastic and undergo short- and long-term modifications during developmental refinement of the neural circuitry, as well as during learning and memory. Synaptic modulation can occur at the pre- and postsynaptic sides of the synapse. Presynaptically, synaptic strength can be modified by the altered probability of neurotransmitter release in response to each action potential. At the postsynaptic site, modification of the number, types and properties of surface neurotransmitter receptors is believed to give rise to bidirectional plasticity of the synapse 1–4 . Several ionotropic glutamate receptors are involved in excitatory synaptic transmission, of which AMPARs are best known for their rapid trafficking into and out of the synapse by cycling between intracellular stores and the cell surface during synaptic potentiation and depression, respectively 1–4 . Most of the excitatory synapses in the vertebrate brain reside on dendritic spines, tiny actin-based membrane protrusions that serve as the platform for postsynaptic specializations. Growth and shrinkage of dendritic spines have also been associated with long-term potentiation and depression (LTP and LTD), respectively 5–7 . It is generally thought that the morphological changes of postsynaptic spines are coupled to receptor trafficking during plasticity, which may function to dynamically adjust the membrane area for accommodating the changing number of synaptic receptors 8–10 . The actin cytoskeleton is important for postsynaptic structure, function and plasticity 10–12 . Actin is highly enriched in spines and
Reconceptualizing Personality Disorder Diagnosis in the DSM‐V: The Discriminant Validity Challenge

Research on personality disorder (PD) diagnostic reliability, comorbidity, and treatment confirms that PD diagnoses lack discriminant validity: Our ability to describe different PDs in an abstract sense has outstripped our ability to diagnose them accurately in real-world clinical settings. Here an alternative model of PD diagnosis is presented wherein three types of information are coded on Axis II: (a) an overall rating of level of personality pathology, (b) separate intensity and impairment ratings for each relevant PD dimension, and (c) a listing of personality traits (including PD-related traits) that enhance adaptation and functioning. Possible objections to the alternative model are considered (e.g., problems of diagnostician compliance, disci-plinewide resistance to a new diagnostic framework), and advantages of the model over the current diagnostic system are discussed (e.g., greater heuristic value, increased predictive validity).
Operation of the Brookhaven AGS with the Booster

The Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) received protons directly from a linac and heavy ions directly from a tandem van de Graaff before 1992. The newly constructed Booster has been brought on line to serve as an injector for the AGS. The operational status of the acceleration of proton and heavy ions through the Booster and the AGS is reviewed. Accelerator improvement programs to increase proton intensity for physics research and to prepare heavy ion beams for RHIC injection are discussed. >
ISO 14000 AND ACTIVITY-BASED LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT IN ENVIRONMENTALLY CONSCIOUS DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING: A COMPARISON

As a part of the new ISO 14000 environmental management standard, standards for conducting Life-Cycle Assessments (LCAs) are proposed. In this paper we compare these standards to Activity-Based LCA by using a toy manufacturer called WagonHo!, Inc. as an implementation test case. In this case study, both economical and environmental assessments are made of the product- and process designs. Because the ISO 14000 LCA does not incorporate costing methods, we have used Variable Costing combined with standard times. ActivityBased LCA, on the other hand, combines an Activity-Based Costing (ABC) like method and activity-based environmental impact assessment methods into a single method. The ISO 14000 and Activity-Based LCA are compared with respect to assessment accuracy and how well they indicate areas in need of redesign. Due to the need of short-term survival caused by a severe negative economic result, we will mainly look at process design and market strategies, because product design is a more long-term effort. It is shown that in this case, Activity-Based LCA is superior to ISO 14000 based LCA - possibly in most situations.
Order preserving embeddings of aographs

We call an oriented graph which does not have any directed cycles an aograph. In this paper we discuss the problem of embedding an aograph on a surface in an order preserving fashion. The general problem is motivated by recent research involving partially ordered sets with planar Hasse diagrams.
Parallel Mapping of Antibiotic Resistance Alleles in Escherichia coli

Chemical genomics expands our understanding of microbial tolerance to inhibitory chemicals, but its scope is often limited by the throughput of genome-scale library construction and genotype-phenotype mapping. Here we report a method for rapid, parallel, and deep characterization of the response to antibiotics in Escherichia coli using a barcoded genome-scale library, next-generation sequencing, and streamlined bioinformatics software. The method provides quantitative growth data (over 200,000 measurements) and identifies contributing antimicrobial resistance and susceptibility alleles. Using multivariate analysis, we also find that subtle differences in the population responses resonate across multiple levels of functional hierarchy. Finally, we use machine learning to identify a unique allelic and proteomic fingerprint for each antibiotic. The method can be broadly applied to tolerance for any chemical from toxic metabolites to next-generation biofuels and antibiotics.
What Direction Should Legal Advertising Take

This article stems from a panel discussion of what lawyers need to do to comply with legal advertising regulation. The topic highlights a "disconnect" between regulation - what we say lawyers may do - and what we, in fact, allow lawyers to do. It also highlights the degree to which current regulation of advertising is a product of history - in part, a product of blindly following old methods of conceptualizing the issues. The article suggests that, for modern advertising regulation to make sense, we need to reevaluate our whole way of looking at the subject. Two sets of developments have occurred since the early days of legal advertising regulation. The first is that image concerns, as a justification for regulation, are no longer valid. This proposition stems not only from constitutional decisions, but also from the practical reality that regulating legal advertising no longer can have the effect of shoring up the profession's image. The second development has to do with the specific dangers that modern advertising creates. What society deems inappropriately misleading, and the way consumers view legal advertising, has changed. As a consequence, even the valid traditional justification for advertising regulation - preventing misleading advertisement - is likely to be mis- or over-used. It continues to serve as a guise for implementing invalid "image" concerns. And it sometimes focuses on advertising that encourages litigation (e.g., "we've won many personal injury cases") for the wrong reasons - that the claims encourage clients to think their cases have merit or value, rather than for the reason that the advertising lawyer is less qualified than his communications suggest. The goal of regulating unfair competition, too, can be misused. These developments suggest that current regulation of legal advertising continues to rely on old tools to regulate phenomena that do not necessarily correspond to the valid reasons why legal advertising might be regulated. The article therefore encourages the rule makers to identify the targets of advertising regulation more precisely and to determine precisely what they are trying to regulate and why. Greater honesty in regulation would help rule makers avoid disconnects the article identifies - between rules and their justifications and between rules and their enforcement. By way of example, the article considers regulation of advertising on the internet. The internet presents specific issues or potential dangers that differ from the traditional concerns of advertising regulation. The article suggests that these merit direct consideration - both as to whether they should be regulated and whether restriction would be constitutional.
Quality control and quality assurance for geotextiles

Abstract Quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) for geotextiles are necessary to ensure that the material used in a project meets the requirements for that which was specified. Thought must be given to the types of tests required, the frequency at which they should be performed, and the values which should be achieved by the material. These variables depend widely on the type of product being specified and the application for which the material will be used. Overspecifying the product performance and/or testing regimen will add to the overall cost of the project with little benefit to the owner. The specifying engineer can minimize cost and maximize performance by properly specifying not only the type of textile but also the QA/QC test protocol.
Variable region-identical monoclonal antibodies of different IgG subclass directed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide O-specific side chain function differently

Antibodies directed to polysaccharide (PS) antigens of bacteria are crucial to host immunity to infection. The isotypes of antibodies made to PS, however, are restricted primarily to IgM and IgG1 and IgG2 in man and to IgM and IgG3 in mice. Using sequential sublining and sib selection, an IgG1 murine monoclonal antibody that has variable regions identical to those of a parent IgG3 monoclonal antibody directed to the high-molecular-weight component of the O-specific side chain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunotype 1 lipopolysaccharide was derived. These antibodies differed markedly in their antigen binding and effector functions. IgG3 was superior in binding to multivalent PS both in purified and whole bacterial form, fixation of the third component of complement to the bacterial surface, and opsonization of P. aeruginosa for uptake by both murine and human phagocytes. These data suggest that the IgG subclass of these murine anti-LPS antibodies is an important determinant of both avidity for multivalent antigen and biologic function.
Methods of detection and evaluation of nonlinear vibrations

In this paper, methods for identifying and analyzing amplitude and frequency modulated modal responses are presented. These methods utilize waterfall plots and digital filtering to provide a clear representation of time-varying nonlinear phenomenon, even in complex response situations. In addition, both methods have potential for real-time application. To illustrate these methods, data taken from laboratory structures is analyzed, revealing evidence of amplitude and frequency modulated modal responses.
PL5MECHANISMS AND TREATMENT OF BEHAVIORAL ADDICTIONS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON INTERNET AND FOOD ADDICTIONS

Background. The extent to which excessive engagement in non-substance-related behaviors may constitute addictions has been debated. The recent classification of gambling disorder together with substance-use disorders in DSM-5 was based on similarities between the disorders and lends additional credence to the concept of non-substance or behavioral addictions. Methods. Data will be presented from studies into the biological underpinnings of substance-use and non-substance-use disorders involving excessive patterns of gambling, eating, Internet use, sex and other behaviors. Data from randomized clinical trials will be presented. Results. Gambling disorder is arguably the best studied of the behavioral addictions to date. Data indicate multiple similarities, as well as differences, between gambling disorder and substance-use disorders. Considerable debate exists as to whether obesity of other eating-related disorders might be best considered within an addiction framework, with data suggesting particular similarities between gambling, substance-use and binge-eating disorders. Although less data exist for excessive engagement in other behaviors (Internet use, sex), emerging data suggest similarities with substance-use disorders. Given biological similarities, a question arises as to whether behavioral and pharmacological treatments efficacious in the treatment of substance addictions might prove helpful in the treatment of behavioral addictions, with data providing support for cognitive-behavioral therapies and opioidergic and glutamatergic agents. Conclusions. An improved understanding of the biological factors underlying behavioral addictions is developing, and this understanding should lead to the greater availability of validated therapies.
Phenoloxidase activity independent of calmodulin and calcium in hemolymph of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) larvae

Using a calmodulin-affinity column, it was determined that phenoloxidase activity in hemolymph of Heliothis virescens (F.) larvae is not regulated by the calciumbinding protein calmodulin. Because the enzymatic activity of phenoloxidase was not affected by calcium or ethylene glycol-bis (β-aminoethylether) N, N, N’, N’ -tetraacetic acid, it was concluded that phenoloxidase activity is not regulated by calmodulin nor is calcium required for its activity.
'Toto, I've a Feeling We're Not in [a Democratic] Kansas Anymore': A Legislative Twister Is Consuming Judicial Autonomy

This Paper will discuss the pending constitutional crisis in Kansas, which matches the courts against the legislature in a struggle for power over the State's budget. This paper explores the possible outcomes of the pending litigation seeking to invalidate recent legislative action that defunds the courts. First, this Paper argues that it is proper for the Kansas courts to resist, via litigation, the invasion upon their autonomy by the legislature. Then, this Paper provides possible remedies to this crisis and proffers the most workable solution. The Paper concludes by expounding on the structural assumptions that underlay the rule of law in the United States. Finally, this Paper argues that the existence and autonomy of courts is an essential function to a proper democracy and that the legislature’s actions in Kansas are a threat to our very democratic system.
Effective Analysis of Health Education About Endemic Fluorosis

Objective To investigate the awareness of endemic fluorosis and the effectiveness of health education in Jiahe County,and to provide a theoretical basis for preventing the endemic fluorosis. Methods We investigated Grade 5 pupils of 5 schools and the women of child-bearing age around the schools with the questionnaires about the knowledge of endemic fluorosis before and after the education.And the results were compared. Results Before the health education,the pupils in Grade 5 acquired the relevant knowledge of endemic fluorosis mainly from leaflets,wall newspapers and slogans,and accounted for 52.00%.The awareness rate of endemic fluorosis was 54.8%.Before the health education,the women of child-bearing age obtained relevant knowledge mainly from the doctors and medical professionals,accounted for 46.67%.The awareness rate of endemic fluorosis was relatively low,only 46.2%.There were statistically significant differences in the awareness rate of endemic fluorosis among the child-bearing age women with different educational background.After the health education,the awareness rates of endemic fluorosis of the students and women were both significantly improved. Conclusions The awareness rate of knowledge about preventing endemic fluorosis is significantly increased after the health education.In order to prevent endemic fluorosis,we should strengthen the publicity and develop health education.
Partial Tears of the Distal Biceps Brachii Tendon: A Systematic Review of Surgical Outcomes

Purpose To systematically review the literature regarding surgical outcomes for treatment of partial tears of the distal biceps brachii tendon. Methods This study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. A systematic review of the literature regarding treatment of partial tears of the distal biceps tendon was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. Inclusion criteria consisted of studies in the English language on the treatment of partial distal biceps tendon tears. Exclusion criteria consisted of (1) studies without outcome data, (2) studies that did not specify the degree of distal biceps tendon tear (ie, complete rupture vs partial tear), and (3) studies without partial tear subgroup data. Two investigators independently reviewed the abstracts from all identified articles. Results Only 5 patients who underwent successful nonsurgical treatment were identified; all were treated with different algorithms, and because of the small number, outcomes for nonsurgical treatment are not included in this review. Therefore, 19 studies involving 86 partial tears that underwent surgical treatment are reported; at least 65 of these received a trial of nonsurgical treatment before surgery. Surgery resulted in 94% satisfactory clinical outcomes. Of the 16 studies (n = 83) that specified the presence or absence of surgical complications, lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve paresthesia (17%), posterior interosseous nerve palsy (6%), elbow discomfort (2%), surgical revision (2%), and asymptomatic heterotopic ossification (1%) were reported. Conclusions Surgical treatment including tendon tear completion and anatomic repair to the radial tuberosity can yield satisfactory results and appears to provide predictable outcomes. Further research is necessary to better define the optimal regimen and duration of nonsurgical treatment, as well as the indications for surgery. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Genetic dissection in a mouse model reveals interactions between carotenoids and lipid metabolism

Carotenoids affect a rich variety of physiological functions in nature and are beneficial for human health. However, knowledge about their biological action and the consequences of their dietary accumulation in mammals is limited. Progress in this research field is limited by the expeditious metabolism of carotenoids in rodents and the confounding production of apocarotenoid signaling molecules. Herein, we established a mouse model lacking the enzymes responsible for carotenoid catabolism and apocarotenoid production, fed on either a β-carotene- or a zeaxanthin-enriched diet. Applying a genome wide microarray analysis, we assessed the effects of the parent carotenoids on the liver transcriptome. Our analysis documented changes in pathways for liver lipid metabolism and mitochondrial respiration. We biochemically defined these effects, and observed that β-carotene accumulation resulted in an elevation of liver triglycerides and liver cholesterol, while zeaxanthin accumulation increased serum cholesterol levels. We further show that carotenoids were predominantly transported within HDL particles in the serum of mice. Finally, we provide evidence that carotenoid accumulation influenced whole-body respiration and energy expenditure. Thus, we observed that accumulation of parent carotenoids interacts with lipid metabolism and that structurally related carotenoids display distinct biological functions in mammals.
Structure, electrical characteristics, and high-temperature stability of aerosol jet printed silver nanoparticle films

Printed electronics has emerged as a versatile eco-friendly fabrication technique to create sintered nanoparticle (NP) films on arbitrary surfaces with an excellent control over the film microstructure. While applicability of such films for high-temperature applications is not explored previously, herein we report the high-temperature electrical stability of silver (Ag) metal NP films fabricated using an Aerosol Jet based printing technique and demonstrate that this behavior is dictated by changes in the film microstructure. In-situ high temperature (24–500 °C) impedance spectroscopy measurements show that the real part of the impedance increases with increasing temperature up to 150 °C, at which point a decreasing trend prevails until 300 °C, followed again by an increase in impedance. The electrical behavior is correlated with the in-situ grain growth of the Ag NP films, as observed afterwards by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and could be tailored by controlling the initial m...
Receptor-Based Design of Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors

The enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) has become a well-established target for drug action since it was identified about 30 years ago. Clinically useful drugs whose activity stems from DHFR inhibition include the antibacterial agent trimethoprim (TMP, 1) (see Finland et al., 1982), and methotrexate (MTX, 2) (see Roth and Cheng, 1982), a compound used in the treatment of certain forms of cancer.
Getting nervous about regeneration.

Tissue regeneration is fundamental to sustaining life, but the multi-tissue regeneration capacity of adult mammals is extremely limited. In a classic model of multi-tissue regeneration, rodents display the capacity to replace amputated distal digit tips that are comprised of many various tissues including bone, muscle, nerve, nail, and skin. The mechanisms by which these various tissues collectively generate a properly patterned replacement digit tip, however, have not been fully elucidated.
Melphalan (M), Prednisone (P) and Lenalidomide (R) Combination (MPR) for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients Who Are Not Candidates for Stem Cell Transplantation.

Abstract Lenalidomide is an orally active immunomodulatory drug effective in the treatment of multiple myeloma. We evaluated the toxicity and efficacy of MPR combination in a phase I/II study. Patients with newly diagnosed symptomatic multiple myeloma who were not candidates or refused stem cell transplantation were eligible. Treatment consisted of M and P on days 1 – 4 and R on days 1 – 21 in a 28 day cycle. All patients received aspirin 325 mg a day. Routine antibacterial prophylaxis was not used. Patients were accrued in cohorts of 3 at dose level 0 (M 5mg/m 2/d P 60 mg/m2/d R 10 mg/d) and level 1 (M 8mg/m2/d P 60 mg/m2/d R 10 mg/d). Patients were followed for at least 2 cycles to assess Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT). G/GM-CSF use was not allowed in the first 2 cycles unless DLT had occurred. DLT was defined as occurrence of at least grade (G) 4 hematologic toxicity, G3 febrile neutropenia, or G 3 non-hematologic toxicity in the first two cycles. Failure to start the next cycle within 7 days of day 1 due to toxicity also constituted DLT. Results: 7 patients have been accrued (4 at dose level 0 {one patient had to be replaced} and 3 at dose level 1). 4 were males. ECOG performance status was 0 or1 (2 and 4 patients). Median age was 74 yrs, range 72 – 85. Between 3 and 10 cycles (median 4) have been administered at the time of this reporting. The following G3 or higher toxicities were encountered and considered at least possibly related to treatment: 2 patients at level 0 had G3 neutropenia. Of the three patients at dose level 1, there was 1 G4 neutropenia, 1 G4 thrombocytopenia, 1 G3 hyperglycemia and 1 G4 vascular access device related thrombosis. Responses were defined by EBMT/IBMTR criteria. 1 had a complete remission (after 3 cycles), 4 had partial remission (at least 50% reduction in monoclonal protein) and 1 had minimal response (after 3 cycles). Due to 3 DLT's in dose level 1, dose level 0 was chosen for phase II of the study. Conclusion: M 5 mg/m2, P 60 mg/m2 and R 10 mg combination is well tolerated and appears effective in patients with multiple myeloma. These results are similar to the experience reported by Palumbo et al ( Blood 2005, 106(11):abst 785) although a stricter definition of DLT was used in our study. Escalation of R dose in combination with M 5 mg/m2, P 60 mg/m2 may be possible and improve responses. Updated data will be presented.
Psychoanalytic training experience and postgraduate professional development – Part ii

This exploratory study looks at the training and postgraduate experience of the 2008–2014 graduates of the Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis. It follows our former study of all living graduates through the year 2007 (Schneider et al., 2014). The survey developed and used in the first study, with a few additional questions added to increase our understanding of the training experience, was sent to 38 graduates with a return rate of 58%. As with the first survey, graduates were invited to assess, among other training experiences, their training analysis, classroom work, and supervision, and to tell of their post‐graduation involvement in teaching, supervising, study groups and other professional endeavors. They were also asked to rate their satisfaction with themselves as psychoanalysts and with their analytic career. The questions added to the previous survey related to the graduates’ theoretical orientation, the influence on their training experiences of the change in gender distribution, and of the di...
Multiple Aggregation Pathways in Human γS-Crystallin and Its Aggregation-Prone G18V Variant

Purpose Cataract results from the formation of light-scattering precipitates due to point mutations or accumulated damage in the structural crystallins of the eye lens. Although excised cataracts are predominantly amorphous, in vitro studies show that crystallins are capable of adopting a variety of morphologies depending on the preparation method. Here we characterize thermal, pH-dependent, and UV-irradiated aggregates from wild-type human γS-crystallin (γS-WT) and its aggregation-prone variant, γS-G18V. Methods Aggregates of γS-WT and γS-G18V were prepared under acidic, neutral, and basic pH conditions and held at 25°C or 37°C for 48 hours. UV-induced aggregates were produced by irradiation with a 355-nm laser. Aggregation and fibril formation were monitored via turbidity and thioflavin T (ThT) assays. Aggregates were characterized using intrinsic aromatic fluorescence, powder x-ray diffraction, and mass spectrometry. Results γS-crystallin aggregates displayed different characteristics depending on the preparation method. γS-G18V produced a larger amount of detectable aggregates than did γS-WT and at less-extreme conditions. Aggregates formed under basic and acidic conditions yielded elevated ThT fluorescence; however, aggregates formed at low pH did not produce strongly turbid solutions. UV-induced aggregates produced highly turbid solutions but displayed only moderate ThT fluorescence. X-ray diffraction confirms amyloid character in low-pH samples and UV-irradiated samples, although the relative amounts vary. Conclusions γS-G18V demonstrates increased aggregation propensity compared to γS-WT when treated with heat, acid, or UV light. The resulting aggregates differ in their ThT fluorescence and turbidity, suggesting that at least two different aggregation pathways are accessible to both proteins under the conditions tested.
Surviving death: how to refute termination theses

AbstractWhen deciding how ‘death’ should be defined, it is helpful to consider cases in which vital functions are restored to an organism long after those vital functions have ceased. Here I consider whether such restoration cases can be used to refute termination theses. Focusing largely on the termination thesis applied to human animals (the view that when human animals die they cease to exist), I develop a line of argument from the possibility of human restoration to the conclusion that in many actual cases, human animals continue to exist after they die. The line of reasoning developed here can be extended to show that other organisms survive death in many actual cases. This line of reasoning improves on other arguments that have been offered against termination theses. And if my argument regarding human animals surviving death is successful, then assuming that human persons are animals, we can also conclude that human persons in many actual cases continue to exist after death.
Genetic dissection of the olfactory bulbs of mice: QTLs on four chromosomes modulate bulb size.

Olfaction is influenced by a complex mix of environmental and genetic factors that modulate the production, migration, and maturation of cells in the olfactory bulbs. In this study we analyzed effects of sex, age, body weight, and brain weight on olfactory bulb size in sexually mature mice. We then used regression corrected values (residuals) to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that selectively modulate bulb weight. This biometric analysis has relied on an F2 intercross between C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) inbred strains and a large sample of 35 BXD recombinant inbred (RI) strains. Bilateral bulb weight in adult mice ranges from 10 to 30 mg. Half of this remarkable variation can be predicted from differences in brain weight, sex, body weight, and age. A 100-mg difference in brain weight is associated with a 4.4-mg difference in bulb weight. Bulbs gain in weight by 0.2 mg/week—a 1% increase that continues until at least 300 days of age. Males tend to have slightly larger bulbs than females. By combining data from both related crosses (F2 and RI) we identified four QTLs with selective effects on bulb size (genomewide p < .05). Bulb4a is located on chromosome 4 (Chr 4) and Bulb6a is located on Chr 6. Alleles inherited from B6 at both of these loci increase bulb weight by 0.5-1.0 mg. Bulb11a is located on proximal Chr 11 and Bulb17a is located on the proximal part of Chr 17. In contrast to the first two QTLs, B6 alleles at these two loci decrease bulb weight by 0.5-1.0 mg. Collectively, the four loci account for 20% of the phenotypic variance in bulb weight.
A quasi-experimental study of the impact of school start time changes on adolescent sleep.

Abstract Objective To determine whether simultaneous school start time changes (delay for some schools; advance for others) impact adolescents' sleep. Design Quasi-experimental study using cross-sectional surveys before and after changes to school start times in September 2015. Setting Eight middle (grades 7-8), 3 secondary (grades 7-12), and 8 high (grades 9-12) schools in Fairfax County (Virginia) public schools. Participants A total of 2017 (6% of ~34,900) students were surveyed before start time changes, and 1180 (3% of ~35,300) were surveyed after. Intervention A 50-minute delay (7:20 to 8:10 am ) in start time for high schools and secondary schools and a 30-minute advance (8:00 to 7:30 am ) for middle schools. Measurements Differences before and after start time changes in self-reported sleep duration and daytime sleepiness. Results Among respondents, 57.5% were non-Hispanic white, and 10.3% received free or reduced-priced school meals. Before start time changes, high/secondary and middle school students slept a mean (SD) of 7.4 (1.2) and 8.4 (1.0) hours on school nights, respectively, and had a prevalence of daytime sleepiness of 78.4% and 57.2%, respectively. Adjusted for potential confounders, students with a 50-minute delay slept 30.1 minutes longer (95% confidence interval [CI], 24.3-36.0) on school nights and had less daytime sleepiness (−4.8%; 95% CI, −8.5% to −1.1%), whereas students with a 30-minute advance slept 14.8 minutes less (95% CI, −21.6 to −8.0) and had more daytime sleepiness (8.0%; 95% CI, 2.5%-13.5%). Conclusions Both advances and delays in school start times are associated with changes in adolescents' school-night sleep duration and daytime sleepiness. Larger changes might occur with later start times.
The Design and Practice of Integrating Evidence: Connecting Performance Management with Program Evaluation

In recent decades, governments have invested in the creation of two forms of knowledge production about government performance: program evaluations and performance management. Prior research has noted tensions between these two approaches and the potential for complementarities when they are aligned. This article offers empirical evidence on how program evaluations connect with performance management in the U.S. federal government in 2000 and 2013. In the later time period, there is an interactive effect between the two approaches, which, the authors argue, reflects deliberate efforts by the George W. Bush and Barack Obama administrations to build closer connections between program evaluation and performance management. Drawing on the 2013 data, the authors offer evidence that how evaluations are implemented matters and that evaluations facilitate performance information use by reducing the causal uncertainty that managers face as they try to make sense of what performance data mean.
An Interview with APPLE Lecture Speaker Professor Roy Lyster

On February 16, 2018, Working Papers in Applied Linguistics and TESOL (represented by Kaylee Fernandez, Michelle Stabler-Havener, and Carol HoiYee Lo) had the great pleasure of interviewing Dr. Roy Lyster, the invited speaker for the 2018 Applied Linguistics & Language Education (APPLE) Lecture Series hosted annually by the Applied Linguistics and TESOL Program at Teachers College, Columbia University. Dr. Lyster shared his research and advice he has for current and future researchers and educators in Applied Linguistics and TESOL.
Constrained-Optimization Based Data Transfer

We formulate a new class of optimization-based methods for data transfer (remap) of a scalar conserved quantity between two close meshes with the same connectivity. We present the methods in the context of the remap of a mass density field, which preserves global mass (the integral of the density over the computational domain). The key idea is to formulate remap as a global inequality-constrained optimization problem for mass fluxes between neighboring cells. The objective is to minimize the discrepancy between these fluxes and the given high-order target mass fluxes, subject to constraints that enforce physically motivated bounds on the associated primitive variable. In so doing, we separate accuracy considerations, handled by the objective functional, from the enforcement of physical bounds, handled by the constraints. The resulting second-order, conservative, and bound-preserving optimization-based remap (OBR) formulation is applicable to general, unstructured, heterogeneous grids. Under some weak requirements on grid proximity we prove that the OBR algorithm preserves linear fields in one, two and three dimensions. The chapter also examines connections between the OBR and the flux-corrected remap (FCR), which can be interpreted as a modified version of OBR (M-OBR), with the same objective but a smaller feasible set. The feasible set for M-OBR (FCR) is given by simple box constraints derived by using a “worst-case” scenario approach, which may result in loss of linearity preservation and ultimately accuracy for some grid motions. The optimality of the OBR solution means that, given a set of target fluxes and a distance measure, OBR finds the best possible approximations of these fluxes with respect to this measure, which also satisfy the physically motivated bounds. In this sense, OBR can serve as a natural benchmark for evaluating the accuracy of existing and future numerical methods for data transfer with respect to a given class of flux reconstruction methods and flux distance measures. In this context, we perform numerical comparisons between OBR, FCR and iFCR (a version of FCR which utilizes an iterative procedure to enhance the accuracy of FCR numerical fluxes).
The Structures and Microtextures of the Palygorskite–Sepiolite Group Minerals

Abstract The essential features of the palygorskite–sepiolite mineral group are (1) continuous tetrahedral basal oxygen planes, (2) an inverted tetrahedral arrangement that forms ribbons of joined pyroxene-like chains, and (3) a discontinuous octahedral sheet. These features are based on palygorskite and sepiolite models only and do not reflect other possible structural variations (e.g. chains that are not pyroxene-like). The palygorskite–sepiolite mineral group (stricto sensu) consists of palygorskite, sepiolite, falcondoite, loughlinite, raite, tuperssuatsiaite, and yofortierite, and probably kalifersite (additional structural data needed). Like most phyllosilicates, the apical oxygen atoms of the palygorskite–sepiolite mineral group complete octahedral coordination with OH (or OH2) around metal cations. The octahedra and attached tetrahedra form a strip or ribbon pattern, and these octahedra and adjacent tetrahedra form a “polysome”. Average octahedral (M) and tetrahedral (T) bond lengths of some micas (e.g., M O: 2.019 A, T O: 1.632 A) and palygorskite (M O: 2.016 A, T O: 1.623 A) suggest that misfit between the lateral dimensions of the tetrahedral sheet and the octahedral strip is not the cause of the polysome structure of palygorskite. To investigate the linkage of the tetrahedra and octahedra, various structure parameters are defined to compare palygorskite–sepiolite group minerals to phyllosilicates. Palygorskite–sepiolite group minerals form in high alkali environments ranging from low-temperature aqueous solutions (e.g. salt lakes) to high-temperature [e.g. agpaitic (Na + K)/Al > 1] environments. These environments indicate alkali-rich aqueous conditions at near-surface to hydrothermal ( Three general types of defects occur in palygorskite, sepiolite, and yofortierite. They are categorized as stacking errors, variation in the width of polysomes (and by extension transformation to montmorillonite), and omission of polysomes. Defect characterization is discussed.
Serotonin and basal sensory–motor control

Abstract This chapter provides a brief overview of the role of serotonergic neurons in sensory/motor behavior. Serotonin neurons have a particular prominence in sensory/motor function in that they densely project to primary sensory/motor cortices and to cranial and spinal motor neurons and are therefore uniquely situated to influence behavior across the full spectrum of sleep–wakefulness. Indeed, important information is presented in this chapter regarding serotonin and sensory/motor function that has been obtained by monitoring activity in serotonin neurons during sleep. This chapter also addresses the methodological complexities entailed in the seemingly straightforward measurement of motor behavior that pertain to linking manipulations of brain serotonin to spontaneous motor activity. Another important but less recognized role for serotonin is presented regarding the role of serotonin in the modulation of the salience and incentive value of stimuli along with new paradigms to examine serotonin contributions to behavior independent of performance variables.
Surgical Anatomy in Revision Sinus Surgery

• Revision sinus surgery depends on knowing constant bony anatomical landmarks that are unaltered by prior surgery or advanced pathology.
Madelung's deformity: Surgical correction through the anterior approach

A resurgence of interest in Madelung's deformity has developed recently because of improved operations for correction of the deformity, identification of the genetic loci for the condition in certain syndromal variants, identification of an anterior ligamentous structure tethering the carpus, and preventive treatments in growing children. The process is reviewed in this article and a new surgical technique is presented. The procedure is performed by way of an anterior incision that is more cosmetically appealing. The release of an anterior ligamentous structure described by Vickers is performed simultaneously with a dome shaped osteotomy of the radius. The fragments, once alignment is corrected, are stabilized with temporary pin fixation and a long arm cast until the bone has healed.
Highly accurate acoustic scattering: Isogeometric Analysis coupled with local high order Farfield Expansion ABC

Abstract This work is concerned with a unique combination of high order local absorbing boundary conditions (ABC) with a general curvilinear Finite Element Method (FEM) and its implementation in Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) for time-harmonic acoustic waves. The ABC employed were recently devised by Villamizar et al. (2017) . They are derived from exact Farfield Expansions representations of the outgoing waves in the exterior of the regions enclosed by the artificial boundary. As a consequence, the error due to the ABC on the artificial boundary can be reduced conveniently such that the dominant error comes from the volume discretization method used in the interior of the computational domain. Reciprocally, the error in the interior can be made as small as the error at the artificial boundary by appropriate implementation of p- and h-refinement. We apply this novel method to cylindrical, spherical and arbitrary shape scatterers including a prototype submarine. Our numerical results exhibit spectral-like approximation and high order convergence rate. Additionally, they show that the proposed method can reduce both the pollution and artificial boundary errors to negligible levels even in very low- and high-frequency regimes with rather coarse discretization densities in the IGA. As a result, we have developed a highly accurate computational platform to numerically solve time-harmonic acoustic wave scattering in two- and three-dimensions.