cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Planning motions of a dual-arm free-floating manipulator keeping the base inertially fixed

Abstract Dual-arm free-floating manipulators will play an important role in space automated handling, and assembly. The motion planning of these manipulators is challenging due to nonholonomic nature and free-floating base. This paper deals with a novel scheme for motion planning of a dual-arm free-floating planar manipulator where one arm is commanded to perform desired tasks while the other provides compensating motions to keep the base inertially fixed. This scheme is based on the following analogy of two men of equal masses in a boat. If one man walks on the boat, instantaneously, the boat acquires a velocity in a direction opposite to that of the velocity of the man. If the two men walk with velocities equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, the boat remains stationary relative to the shore. In this paper, we present the necessary mathematical conditions for successful planning with this scheme. Algorithms for motion planning in joint coordinates and Cartesian coordinates are implemented in computer simulation. The algorithms are based on position kinematics of the system coupled with iterative procedure to satisfy the nonholonomic constraints and avoid singularities during motion. The use of rate kinematic equations in motion planning of nonholonomic systems is not new but the use of position kinematics coupled with iterative search is novel.
Thin liquid film morphology driven by electro-static field

The development of stationary patterns on a thin polymer surface subject to an electric field is studied by means of the hexagonal-planform weakly nonlinear stability analysis and numerical simulations. The time evolution of the interface between the air and the polymer film on the unbounded spatial domain is described by a thin film equation, incorporating the electric driving force and the surface diffusion. The nonlinear interfacial growth includes the amplitude equations and superposition of one-dimensional structures at regular orientations. The pattern selection is driven by the subcritical instability mechanism in which the relative thickness of the polymer film plays a critical role.
LETOR: A benchmark collection for research on learning to rank for information retrieval

LETOR is a benchmark collection for the research on learning to rank for information retrieval, released by Microsoft Research Asia. In this paper, we describe the details of the LETOR collection and show how it can be used in different kinds of researches. Specifically, we describe how the document corpora and query sets in LETOR are selected, how the documents are sampled, how the learning features and meta information are extracted, and how the datasets are partitioned for comprehensive evaluation. We then compare several state-of-the-art learning to rank algorithms on LETOR, report their ranking performances, and make discussions on the results. After that, we discuss possible new research topics that can be supported by LETOR, in addition to algorithm comparison. We hope that this paper can help people to gain deeper understanding of LETOR, and enable more interesting research projects on learning to rank and related topics.
Integrating liberal arts into the finance curriculum: a suggested approach

Recent studies find that business school students would benefit from a further integration of traditional disciplines with the liberal arts. This paper outlines a suggested approach for accomplishing this in a finance capstone course, and reports the results from student assessments. The findings suggest that coursework aimed at developing critical thinking and communications ability can be designed in ways that complement standard business programmes.
Martensitic transformations in zirconia—particle size effects and toughening

Abstract The incidence of martensic transformations in systems containing ZrO 2 particles (or precipitates) depends upon the size of the particles. The origin of this size effect is demonstrated to reside in the twinned or variant structure of the transformed phase, by virtue of a surface area related strain energy term. Predicted critical particle sizes correlate quite well with observations on two ZrO 2 systems. The particle size effect can also be incorporated into toughening analyses, in order to predict both optimum toughening conditions and toughening trends. The predictions again correlate favorably with toughness data for ZrO 2 containing materials.
Vegetative phase change among sweet corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids varying for reaction to common rust (Puccinia sorghi Schw.)

In maize, timing of vegetative phase change has been implicated in the response to certain pests and environmental stresses. Common rust is the most serious disease of sweet corn in the north central United States. Sweet corn hybrids differing for resistance to common rust were evaluated for vegetative phase change traits. There were significant differences among hybrids for all vegetative phase change traits measured, as well as resistance to common rust. Certain hybrids displayed rapid transition (within two leaves) from juvenile to adult vegetation, while others displayed prolonged transition (within four leaves). There were no significant correlations between vegetative phase change traits and common rust severity among the commercial sweet corn hybrids evaluated in this experiment.
Generalized osteoporosis in non-steroid treated rheumatoid arthritis.

To investigate the presence of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and to assess determinants of bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis, 45 female patients suffering from non-steroid treated rheumatoid arthritis were submitted to dual photon absorptiometry of the lumbar spine and to laboratory tests for calcium metabolism. The rheumatoid arthritis patients were divided into two groups according to anatomic grade and functional class; no abnormalities in calcium metabolism were defected whereas BMD was significantly lower in the third and fourth grade and in the third and fourth class patients (P<0.005 versus controls, versus grades I and II and versus classes 1 and 2). BMD was significantly correlated with age (P<0.001) and years postmenopausal (P<0.01), but not with duration of disease. By multiple inear regression we derived an equation predictive of BMD. Osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis is observed even in non-corticosteroid treated patients; articular lesions with subsequent reduction in physical activity appear to play an important role in axial bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis.
Simplification of Node Position Data ;for Interactive Visualization of Dynamic Data Sets

We propose to aid the interactive visualization of time-varying spatial data sets by simplifying node position data over the entire simulation as opposed to over individual states. Our approach is based on two observations. The first observation is that the trajectory of some nodes can be approximated well without recording the position of the node for every state. The second observation is that there are groups of nodes whose motion from one state to the next can be approximated well with a single transformation. We present data set simplification techniques that take advantage of this node data redundancy. Our techniques are general, supporting many types of simulations, they achieve good compression factors, and they allow rigorous control of the maximum node position approximation error. We demonstrate our approach in the context of finite element analysis data, of liquid flow simulation data, and of fusion simulation data.
Free-Form Nonrigid Image Registration Using Generalized Elastic Nets

We introduce a novel probabilistic approach for non-parametric nonrigid image registration using generalized elastic nets, a model previously used for topographic maps. The idea of the algorithm is to adapt an elastic net (a constrained Gaussian mixture) in the spatial-intensity space of one image to fit the second image. The resulting net directly represents the correspondence between image pixels in a probabilistic way and recovers the underlying image deformation. We regularize the net with a differential prior and develop an efficient optimization algorithm using linear conjugate gradients. The nonparametric formulation allows for complex transformations having local deformation. The method is generally applicable to registering point sets of arbitrary features. The accuracy and effectiveness of the method are demonstrated on different medical image and point set registration examples with locally nonlinear underlying deformations.
Nuclear Sizes and the Weiszäcker Mass Formula

A Bethe-Weiszacker type mass surface provides the best account of nuclear masses at a Coulomb radius parameter in agreement with the equivalent parameter inferred from Stanford electron scattering. An effont is made to relate the Weiszacker equation directly to potentials obtained from scattering and shell models. (W.D.M.)
Pilot study evaluating the interaction between paclitaxel and protease inhibitors in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) and AIDS Malignancy Consortium (AMC) trial

Purpose Paclitaxel, a cytotoxic agent metabolized by cytochrome P450 hepatic enzymes, is active for the treatment of human immunodeficiency (HIV) associated Kaposi’s sarcoma. Protease inhibitors are commonly used to treat HIV infection and are known to inhibit cytochrome P450. We sought to determine whether protease inhibitors alter the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel.
Testosterone regulates substance P within neurons of the medial nucleus of the amygdala, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the medial preoptic area of the male golden hamster

The medial nucleus of the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and medial preoptic area appear to mediate steroidal regulation of mating behavior in male rodents. The mechanism of action has not been determined. One way testosterone could enhance neuronal function is by increasing neurotransmitter levels, thus altering neuronal transmission. To assess this hypothesis, we examined the effect of castration and testosterone treatment on substance P levels in the neurons of these three brain regions. Brains from male Syrian hamsters that were (1) gonadally intact, (2) castrated for 13 weeks, or (3) castrated for 9 weeks and treated with testosterone for 4 weeks, were processed for substance P, and the numbers of substance P immunoreactive neurons in the medial nucleus of the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and medial preoptic area were determined. Castration reduced the number of substance P neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial preoptic area relative to those in intact hamsters; the number of substance P neurons in these regions was restored by testosterone treatment. Castration did not reduce the number of substance P neurons in the medial nucleus of the amygdala; however, testosterone treatment increased the numbers of these neurons when compared to intacts. Thus, testosterone regulates substance P levels in areas that regulate mating behavior. As substance P enhances male copulatory behavior our results suggest that testosterone may regulate copulatory behavior by enhancing substance P levels in medial nucleus of the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial preoptic area.
Combining evolution with credit apportionment: a new learning algorithm for neural nets

Abstract A new approach is presented to Darwinian learning over a repertoire of competing neural nets that includes a credit apportionment algorithm for individual neurons within the networks. The architecture of the system is organized to allow the output of any given layer of a selected network to be available both to the next layer of this same network and also to the next layer of all of the other networks in the repertoire. The pathway through the selected network is considered the (temporarily) dominant pathway through the system architecture. This provides the basis for implementing a competition among single neurons across all of the networks. The firing behavior of the neurons in many networks is directly compared with the corresponding neurons in the dominant network. Payoffs accorded to neurons in one network can thus be shared with neurons in other networks. Neurons with the highest total payoffs will tend to be those that are most compatible with all of the network contexts associated with the best performance on any of the inputs. The algorithm is tested with connectionist-type units. Results include: successful learning experiments with temporal processing tasks using recurrent networks and several types of static learning tasks using analog input vectors. Performance comparisons are given with a standard genetic algorithm learning approach and, for the static learning problems, with standard back propagation as well.
Dermatoglyphics and anthropometric relationships within the Iñupiat (Eskimo) hand

On the basis of earlier findings with Easter Islanders suggesting a positive correlation between dermatoglyphic variables and hand anthropometric measurements, the present study was designed to determine if such a relationship could be generalized to another population, namely, Inupiat (Eskimo). Since some dermatoglyphic and anthropometric variables were available for both sides of the body, the extension of this study to explore the question of asymmetry was also possible. The Inupiat sample numbered 142 male and 176 female adult inhabitants of five Alaskan North Slope communities. The major findings of this study included, for males, significant negative correlations between left arm length and digital ridge counts and positive relationships between the palmar variable of axial index and hand length on both hands. For females, the hand breadth/length index was negatively related to most of the digital variables. Very little definitive information regarding the relationship of the asymmetry variables between the two types of measures was ascertained.
Measurement of Daily Heat Production of Albino Rat from the Insensible Water Loss

SummaryI. A method for measurement of the 24 hourly insensible loss of weight of the albino rat has been described. II. The results have shown that the daily heat production of the albino rat can be accurately determined from the weight of the insensible water loss. III. The heat lost by vaporization of water averaged 21.3% of the total calculated heat production in an environmental temperature of 23 to 27°C.A method is needed for measuring the daily energy requirements of the albino rat. The 24-hour insensible loss of weight and the percentage of the total heat loss that was due to vaporization of water have been measured to ascertain whether or not the measurement of the imperceptible water loss would fulfill this need.Johnston and Newburgh1 have applied the method in man. Each rat was placed in a wire cage suspended above a porcelain pan in which the excreta was collected under mineral oil. The weighings were made every 24 to 48 hours on a balance accurate to 200 mg. The weights of the food, water and ...
Integration of Physical Assessment Within a Pathophysiology Course for Pharmacy

Objective. To determine first-year pharmacy students’ analysis, confidence, and knowledge of patient physical assessment integrated within a pathophysiology curriculum.Design. A prospective quasi-e...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in disease.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous organism that is the focus of intense research because of its prominent role in disease. Due to its relatively large genome and flexible metabolic capabilities, this organism exploits numerous environmental niches. It is an opportunistic pathogen that sets upon the human host when the normal immune defenses are disabled. Its deadliness is most apparent in cystic fibrosis patients, but it also is a major problem in burn wounds, chronic wounds, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, surface growth on implanted biomaterials, and within hospital surface and water supplies, where it poses a host of threats to vulnerable patients (Peleg and Hooper, N Engl J Med 362:1804–1813, 2010; Breathnach et al., J Hosp Infect 82:19–24, 2012). Once established in the patient, P. aeruginosa can be especially difficult to treat. The genome encodes a host of resistance genes, including multidrug efflux pumps (Poole, J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 3:255–264, 2001) and enzymes conferring resistance to beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibotics (Vahdani et al., Annal Burns Fire Disast 25:78–81, 2012), making therapy against this gram-negative pathogen particularly challenging due to the lack of novel antimicrobial therapeutics (Lewis, Nature 485: 439–440, 2012). This challenge is compounded by the ability of P. aeruginosa to grow in a biofilm, which may enhance its ability to cause infections by protecting bacteria from host defenses and chemotherapy. Here, we review recent studies of P. aeruginosa biofilms with a focus on how this unique mode of growth contributes to its ability to cause recalcitrant infections.
Ventilation to Eliminate Oxygen Deficiency in a Confined Space—Part II: Noncubical Models

Abstract This study investigated characteristics of ventilation to eliminate oxygen deficiency for confined space (CS) models having several noncubical shapes. Variations from a basic cubical shape (studied previously) included sideways expansion (normal to the vertical ventilation axis), depthwise expansion (parallel to the ventilation axis), and expansions in more than one direction. Variable design parameters, in addition to shape, included ventilation mode (exhaust and supply), volume flow rate, inlet/outlet elevation, and location inside the CS model. Regressions of the experimental data supplement a database from previous studies of a cubical model. The oxygen recovery data can be used to calculate ventilation times, subject to consideration of limitations which apply to the results. The findings also suggest general guidelines for CS ventilation design. Progressive sideways and depthwise expansions produced progressive increases in ventilation time for oxygen recovery. This variation was consistent...
Cognitive Motion-Dynamic Tethering of a Phased Array to an Android Smartphone

An interactive framework for cognitive radio applications is proposed in which a user-equipped Android smartphone and a phased array controller are wirelessly tethered. Algorithms on the smartphone pull inertial, geolocation, and networking data to coordinate tracking and beamsteering, and the smartphone itself serves as a wireless communications bridge between the phased array's control module and a remote network server which facilitates bi-directional communication of health monitoring data, state information, and control signals. The system architecture, algorithms, and measured results from beam-steering of a 4 × 4 micro strip patch array via the Android smartphone are discussed.
Growth of Hg1−xCdxTe epitaxial layers on (100) CdTe by chemical vapor transport under normal and reduced gravity conditions

Abstract Chemical vapor transport (CVT) growth of Hg 1− x Cd x Te epitaxial layers on (100) CdTe substrates, using HgI 2 as a transport agent, was performed in closed ampoules under normal and microgravity conditions during the USML-1 flight. The surface morphology, compositional homogeneity, single crystallinity, and carrier mobility of the epitaxial layers grown in microgravity are considerably improved relative to layers grown on ground. These differences demonstrate the effects of convective flow on the transport and deposition processes of this solid-vapor transport system. The properties of the Hg 1− x Cd x Te layers grown in microgravity environment compare quite favorably to those of layers obtained by other techniques.
Spontaneous emission rate enhancement using gold nanorods

We present a 7nm bare InGaAsP quantum well coupled to a gold nanorod. Photoluminescence measurements show an increased spontaneous emission rate of at least 4.5× without sacrificing efficiency.
Instabilities in hurricane-like boundary layers

Abstract Recent advances in observational technology have led to a more detailed knowledge of the low-level flow in hurricanes. In particular, quasi-streamwise rolls on a variety of scales have been observed. Some of these rolls have radial wavelengths of 4–10 km, which is comparable to rolls associated with instabilities inherent to Ekman-type boundary layers. The evolution and stability of the swirling boundary layer underneath a hurricane-like vortex is studied using both a nonlinear model and linearized stability analysis. The nonlinear model is an axisymmetric model of incompressible fluid flow, which is used to simulate the development of boundary layers underneath vortices with hurricane-like wind profiles. Axisymmetric rolls appear in these boundary layers, which have some similarities to the observed rolls in hurricanes. The axisymmetric flow is also used as the basic-state for a linearized stability analysis. The analysis technique allows for arbitrary variation in the radial and vertical directions for both the basic-state flow and the perturbations. Thus, the strong radial variations and curvature effects common to strong vortices are part of the analysis. The analysis finds both symmetric and asymmetric instabilities that are similar to those in the nonlinear simulations and in observations. The instabilities acquire some of their energy from the vertical shear associated with a reversal of the radial inflow at the top of the boundary layer, and some of their energy from vertical shear of the azimuthal flow. The radial flow energy conversion tends to increase for flows with less inertial stability and for modes oriented across the low-level shear; the azimuthal flow conversion increases for larger inertial stability and for modes aligned with the low-level shear.
916-89 Isoproterenol-induced Vasovagal Syncope: A Detailed Hemodynamic Analysis

Usefulness of head-up tilt (HUTI ± Isoproterenol (Iso) testing in the provocation of a vasovagal response has been well recognized. Due to the invasive and intermittent nature of cardiovascular monitoring, understanding of the mechanisms underlying the HUT ± Iso-mediated reactions has been limited. By using impedance cardiography, volume clamp photoplethysmography, and internally developed computer technology, we have been able to examine noninvasively, on-line, beat-to-beat, hemodynamic parameters including: heart rate (HR). blood pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, end diastolic volume (EDV), peak flow (PF), and peripheral resistance (PR) during HUT ± Iso testing. In this study, hemodynamic changes were examined in 10 consecutive patients (mean age 53 ± 21, range 22–84 yrs; male/female = 6/41 during an induction of a vasovagal response by HUT ± Iso testing. These changes are shown below. Intervention HR EDV PF PR Tilt (10 min) 8.9 ± 10.3 -14.7 ± 4.3 * -9.3 ± 79 53.8 ± 12.1 * Iso/Supine ** 407 ± 15.3 * 7.9 ± 6.2 * 23.8 ± 8.6 * -272 ± 8.5 * Iso/Tilt ** 67.8 ± 10.9 * -4.8 ± 5.2 23.3 ± 142 * -22.6 ± 8.2 * Syncope 4.6 ± 22.8 71.6 ± 20.4 * 63.3 ± 22.4 * -54.7 ± 11.5 * * p l 0.05 ** Iso = 3 mcg/min We interpret these findings as HUT induces a decrease in preload (EDV), an increase in sympathetic-mediated vascular tone (PR), and an insignificant change in cardiomotor tone as indirectly reflected by HR and PF. Iso blunts HUT-induced changes in EDV & PR but significantly increases PF. During HUT + Iso-provoked vasovagal response, there is a further decrease in PR but a significant increase in EDV & PF. These observations suggest: (1) Iso-mediated increase in cardiomotor tone and decrease in vasomotor tone contribute to the induction of vasovagal syncope; (2) Contrary to the conventional belief, a significant decrease in preload may not occur during HUT + Iso-induced vasovagal response.
Baicalein is a potent in vitro inhibitor against both reticulocyte 15-human and platelet 12-human lipoxygenases.

Lipoxygenases (LO) have been implicated in asthma, immune disorders, and various cancers and as a consequence, there is great interest in isolating selective LO isozyme inhibitors. Currently, there is much use of baicalein as a selective human platelet 12-LO (12-hLO) inhibitor, however, our current steady-state inhibition data indicate that baicalein is not selective against 12-hLO versus human reticulocyte 15-LO-1 (15-hLO-1) (15/12 = 1.3), in vitro. However, in the presence of detergents baicalein is slightly more selective (15/12 = 7) as seen by the steady-state inhibition kinetics, which may imply greater selectivity in a cell-based assay but has yet to be proven. The mechanism of baicalein inhibition of 15-hLO-1 is reductive, which molecular modeling suggests is through direct binding of the catecholic moiety of baicalein to the iron. A structurally related flavonoid, apigenin, is not reductive, however, molecular modeling suggests a hydrogen bond with Thr591 may account for its inhibitor potency.
Living in Death: The Evolution of Modern Vampirism

"Living in Death: the Evolution of Modern Vampirism" traces the evolution of folkloric and fictional vampirism in three parts: the history of the vampire; the concept of undead; and the transition of the modern vampire during the nineteenth century to present. The thesis provides an explanation of why a culture that views life and death as a binary opposition would create a being that exists between these two finite realms of consciousness ultimately on the assumption that the body continues to function after death. This "third" state of consciousness places the vampire in a liminal state of being; neither alive nor dead, but living in death.
Slip-Lined Culvert Inlet End Treatment Hydraulics

Relined culverts must be able to pass the design flood while meeting the necessary embankment freeboard condition. For inlet and outlet control culvert flow conditions, the discharge capacity of a ...
Assessment and management of chronic pain in the older adult

Abstract Objectives To review the assessment and recommended management of mild to moderate chronic pain in the older adult. Data sources Medline search using the terms pain , older adult , and analgesics , current national guidelines, and authors' case experiences. Data synthesis Assessing pain in cognitively intact and impaired older adults is essential to safe use of psychoactive medications. Following the guidelines of the American Geriatrics Society for persistent pain in the older adult provides guidance to the safe use of analgesics and other psychoactive drugs. Dosing of acetaminophen should be limited to avoid liver toxicity, and topical analgesics are preferred for focal pain. Full-dose nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should not be used for more than short periods, in order to avoid gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiovascular complications. Potentially inappropriate opioid analgesics and safer alternatives are encouraged. A description of other psychoactive medications for neuropathic pain and the role of vitamin D and depression in chronic pain is provided. Conclusion The assessment of pain and use of analgesics in the older adult should benefit and not increase drug-related morbidity and mortality.
Preparation of composite reverse osmosis membranes by plasma polymerization. II. Copolymerization of unusual comonomers

Preparation of composite reverse osmosis membranes by plasma polymerization of 4-picoline, 3,5-lutidine, benzene, and acetylene with unusual comonomers such as H2O and N2 is investigated using the flow system of the monomers and an electrodeless glow discharge with 13.5 MHz radio frequency. These comonomers are incorporated into the plasma polymers and change their properties. Consequently, relatively hydrophilic polymers are formed from rather hydrophobic monomers such as benzene and acetylene by the copolymerization. The addition of H2O and N2 also improves the reverse osmosis characteristics of plasma polymers from hydrophilic monomers such as 4-picoline and 3,5-lutidine. The reverse osmosis characteristics of plasma polymers are influenced by the ratio of H2O and N2 to the basic monomer as well as by the total pressure of the monomers.
An immunological and biochemical analysis of alkaline phosphatase in HeLa cells exposed to 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine.

Abstract As ascertained by antibody titration, 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUdR) appears not to increase alkaline phosphatase activity by increasing the concentration of the enzyme in HeLa cells but rather more probably by increasing the catalytic activity of the enzyme molecule. However, continued induction of activity ceases when protein synthesis is inhibited. The specific activity attained by the combined use of IUdR and hydrocortisone was equal to or less than the sum of specific activities obtained when either agent was used alone. The moles of phosphate bound per mole of alkaline phosphatase was similar for the enzyme from control cells or cells treated with IUdR or hydrocortisone. Even though each of several compounds tested inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity by 50 per cent at a different concentration, there was no difference between the concentrations needed for each compound to cause 50 per cent inhibition of the enzyme from control or IUdR-treated cells.
Attitudinal and contextual factors associated with discussion of sexual issues during adolescent health visits.

Abstract Purpose To examine attitudinal and contextual factors associated with the occurrence of sexual health assessments during adolescent primary care visits. Methods A total of 313 primarily African-American youth aged 11–21 years from 16 community-based organizations in suburban Maryland and in New York City completed questionnaires focusing on sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and health care. The analysis examined the relationship of sexual activity, attitudes, and presence of the parent at the health care visit with discussion of three sexual health topics and testing for STD at the most recent health care visit. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests and logistic regression. Results Overall, 74% of respondents reported that they had talked about at least one sexual health topic at their last health care visit but only 32% had discussed all three topics of sexual behavior, birth control, and STD. Females were more likely than males to discuss birth control although there were no gender differences in the overall likelihood of talking about a sexual health topic. Few adolescents initiated discussion of sexual issues. Positive attitudes toward discussing sexual issues with a provider and absence of a parent at the visit were independently associated with higher odds of discussing at least one sexuality topic and STD testing. Conclusions Although relatively large numbers of adolescents in the sample received sexual health assessments, the proportion was below recommended guidelines. The opportunity to speak privately with a clinician and having positive attitudes about discussing sex with a doctor appear to be important influences on the receipt of sexual health assessments. Improving the quality of adolescent preventive care will require creating a health care environment that facilitates discussion of sexual health issues.
Negative regulation of angiotensinogen gene expression by glucocorticoids in fetal sheep liver.

Negative Regulation of Angiotensinogen Gene Expression by Glucocorticoids in Fetal Sheep Liver
The ultimate design tool

The author design tools from a tool user's point of view. The author considers the creative process and where design tools fit into that process. He considers pencil and paper as a tool and argues that they are better than computers as an ideation tool. >
l-theanine attenuates abstinence signs in morphine-dependent rhesus monkeys and elicits anxiolytic-like activity in mice.

L-theanine, 2-Amino-4-(ethylcarbamoyl) butyric acid, an amino acid found in green tea (Camellia sinensis), is sold in the United States as a dietary supplement to reduce stress and improve cognition and mood. The observations that L-theanine has been shown to inhibit caffeine’s stimulatory effects and that caffeine produces precipitated withdrawal signs in opioid-addicted monkeys and some opioid withdrawal signs in some normal monkeys, suggest that L-theanine may suppress opioid withdrawal signs. Additionally, L-theanine produces anxiolytic effects in humans indicating that it has anti-anxiety properties. Thus, in these studies we determined whether L-theanine attenuates opioid-withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent rhesus monkeys, a model for spontaneous opioid withdrawal in human opioid addicts. We also evaluated whether L-theanine decreases anxiety-like behavior in mice, using the elevated plus maze and marble burying assays. L-theanine significantly attenuated designated opioid withdrawal signs, including fighting, rigid abdominal muscles, vocalizing on palpation of abdomen, pacing, retching, wet-dog shakes, and masturbation. It had a relatively quick onset of action that persisted for at least 2.5 h. L-theanine also produced anxiolytic-like effects in the elevated plus maze and the marble burying assay in naive mice at doses that did not significantly affect motor behavior. The results of these studies suggest that L-theanine may be useful in the pharmacotherapy of treating opioid withdrawal as well as anxiety-associated behaviors.
Discrepancies between medical record data and parent reported use of preventive asthma medications

AbstractObjective: To assess whether medical record documentation reflects actual home practices regarding the administration of preventive medications to urban children with persistent asthma. Methods: Baseline data from a prompting asthma intervention were used for this cross-sectional analysis. As part of the larger study, we enrolled children (2–12 years) with persistent asthma in the waiting room at 12 primary care offices (2009–2012). Prior to their visit with a healthcare provider, caregivers reported information regarding their child’s asthma symptom severity and current preventive medications (i.e. name and frequency of use). We compared caregiver-reported medication information with medical record data to determine the rate of complete concordance, defined as total consistency between the prescribed medication data documented in the medical record and parent report describing how the child is actually using the medication at home. Results: According to 310 completed medical record reviews, 194 (...
Recollections of activism: Hampton Institute and Vassar College, 1967–72

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, I taught American history at two quite different institutions of higher education: Hampton Institute (an African American college) and Vassar College (an overwhelmingly white, upper class women’s college). Despite their disparate social constituencies, however, both schools underwent a surge of social protest in which I was a central participant. This protest is described in my autobiography, Working for Peace and Justice: Memoirs of an Activist Intellectual (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 2012), which has just been published by the University of Tennessee Press. What follows is a revised version of the account appearing in that book.
Peroxisome-proliferator activator receptor-gamma activation decreases attachment of endometrial cells to peritoneal mesothelial cells in an in vitro model of the early endometriotic lesion

The aim of this study was to investigate whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma activation has an effect on the attachment of endometrial cells to peritoneal mesothelial cells in a well-established in vitro model of the early endometriotic lesion. The endometrial epithelial cell line EM42 and mesothelial cell line LP9 were used for this study. EM42 cells, LP9 cells or both were treated with the PPAR-gamma agonist ciglitazone (CTZ) at varying concentrations (10, 20 and 40 microM) x 48 h with subsequent co-culture of EM42 and LP9 cells. The rate of EM42 attachment and invasion through LP9 cells was then assessed and compared with control (EM42 and LP9 cells co-cultured without prior treatment with CTZ). Next, attachment of CTZ-treated and untreated EM42 cells to hyaluronic acid (HA), a cell adhesion molecule (CAM) on peritoneal mesothelial cells, were assessed. Although there was no difference in EM42 attachment when LP9 cells alone were treated with CTZ, treatment of EM42 cells with 40 microM CTZ decreased EM42 attachment to LP9 cells by 27% (P < 0.01). Treatment of both EM42 and LP9 cells with 40 microM CTZ decreased EM42 attachment to LP9 by 37% (P < 0.01). Treatment of EM42 cells with 40 microM CTZ decreased attachment to HA by 66% (P = 0.056). CTZ did not decrease invasion of EM42 cells through the LP9 monolayer. CTZ may inhibit EM42 cell proliferation. In conclusion, CTZ significantly decreased EM42 attachment to LP9 cells and HA in an in vitro model of the early endometriotic lesion.
Analytical Chemistry of Nitric Oxide

Nitric oxide (NO) is the focus of intense research primarily because of its wide-ranging biological and physiological actions. To understand its origin, activity, and regulation, accurate and precise measurement techniques are needed. Unfortunately, analytical assays for monitoring NO are challenged by NO's unique chemical and physical properties, including its reactivity, rapid diffusion, and short half-life. Moreover, NO concentrations may span the picomolar-to-micromolar range in physiological milieus, requiring techniques with wide dynamic response ranges. Despite such challenges, many analytical techniques have emerged for the detection of NO. Herein, we review the most common spectroscopic and electrochemical methods, with a focus on the underlying mechanism of each technique and on approaches that have been coupled with modern analytical measurement tools to create novel NO sensors.
Diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin improves neurological outcome following reversible but not irreversible CNS ischemia in rabbits.

Hemodilution using modified hemoglobin solutions may reduce ischemic central nervous system injury. Purified diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb) is a cell-free hemoglobin that is intramolecularly cross-linked between the two alpha subunits, resulting in enhanced oxygen offloading to tissues and increased half-life. In the present experiments, we evaluated the ability of DCLHb to reduce neurological damage in two rabbit stroke models.In a reversible spinal cord ischemia model, ischemia of the caudal lumbar spinal cord was produced by temporary occlusion of the abdominal aorta. In an irreversible model of cerebral ischemia, plastic microspheres (50 microns) were injected into the internal carotid artery and lodged in the cerebral microvasculature. DCLHb was administered 5 minutes after initiation of ischemia as either a 10-mL/kg infusion, 10-mL/kg exchange transfusion, or a 20-mL/kg infusion. Control animals received human serum albumin that was oncotically matched to the DCLHb.In the spinal cord mode...
Priorities for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews in Cardiovascular Disease

Background—Comparative effectiveness reviews offer a systematic method to critically appraise existing research and to identify unaddressed clinical areas in cardiovascular disease where significant morbidity, mortality, and variation in the use of resources persist. To delineate and help select areas where comparative effectiveness reviews are needed, the Effective Health Care Program of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality involved stakeholders in prioritization of the research agenda. Methods and Results—We involved a diverse panel of stakeholders representing a broad range of clinical, policy, and patient perspectives. To assist in prioritization of topics for evidence synthesis, we created a framework evaluating 12 cardiovascular disease subcategories that reflect American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association disease-based guidelines. We performed an environmental scan for each disease subcategory to populate this framework with existing knowledge, levels of evidence, and degree...
The E3 ligase c‐Cbl regulates dendritic cell activation

The activation of innate and adaptive immunity is always balanced by inhibitory signalling mechanisms to maintain tissue integrity. We have identified the E3 ligase c-Cbl––known for its roles in regulating lymphocyte signalling––as a modulator of dendritic cell activation. In c-Cbl-deficient dendritic cells, Toll-like receptor-induced expression of proinflammatory factors, such as interleukin-12, is increased, correlating with a greater potency of dendritic-cell-based vaccines against established tumours. This proinflammatory phenotype is accompanied by an increase in nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity. In addition, c-Cbl deficiency reduces both p50 and p105 levels, which have been shown to modulate the stimulatory function of NF-κB. Our data indicate that c-Cbl has a crucial, RING-domain-dependent role in regulating dendritic cell maturation, probably by facilitating the regulatory function of p105 and/or p50.
Early Sibling Attachment

A sample of 30 predominantly three- and four-year-old siblings were videotaped during their first meeting with a new sibling at the time of the mother's discharge from the hospital. The first five minutes of interaction were divided into 20, 15-second intervals, and each interval was coded for the presence or absence of 28 behaviors believed to be related to the early attachment process. The exploration behaviors of siblings showed considerable uniformity. The sibling's age, sex, or participation in sibling preparation classes produced no marked differences in behavior. Recommendations are made for further research.
RF voltage breakdown and the Paschen curve

A representation based on the similarity relations for voltage breakdown is shown to be useful in combining RF and dc voltage breakdown data. The representation for the uniform field geometry is given.
Ultrasome: efficient aberration caller for copy number studies of ultra-high resolution.

Motivation: Multimillion-probe microarrays allow detection of gains and losses of chromosomal material at unprecedented resolution. However, the data generated by these arrays are several-fold larger than data from earlier platforms, creating a need for efficient analysis tools that scale robustly with data size. Results: We developed a new aberration caller, Ultrasome, that delineates genomic changes-of-interest with dramatically improved efficiency. Ultrasome shows near-linear computational complexity and processes latest generation copy number arrays about 10 000 times faster than standard methods with preserved analytic accuracy.
Design and analysis of studies to reduce the incidence of colon polyps

Decisions regarding the design and analysis of a phase III study to reduce the incidence of colorectal polyps must take into account two complicating factors: the possibility that polyps are missed during screening exams, and variable lengths of follow-up. In this paper we investigate the effects due to misclassification on the power of statistical tests to detect a change in polyp recurrence rates. We also use Monte Carlo studies to examine the relative efficiency of different methods of adjusting for variable times of follow-up.
Differential Inputs from Chemosensory Appendages Mediate Feeding Responses to Glucose in Wild-Type and Glucose-Averse German Cockroaches, Blattella germanica

Glucose is a universal phagostimulant in many animal species, including the cockroach Blattella germanica. However, some natural populations of B. germanica have been found that are behaviorally deterred from eating glucose. In dose–response studies, glucose was a powerful phagostimulant for wild-type cockroaches, but it strongly deterred feeding in a glucose-averse strain. Both strains, however, exhibited identical dose–response curves to other phagostimulants and deterrents. As a lead to electrophysiological and molecular genetics studies to investigate the mechanisms that underlie glucose-aversion, we used 2 assay paradigms to delineate which chemosensory appendages on the head contribute to the reception of various phagostimulatory and deterrent chemicals. Both simultaneous dual stimulation of the antenna and mouthparts of the insects and 2-choice preference tests in surgically manipulated insects showed that the glucose-averse behavior could be elicited through the gustatory systems of the antennae and mouthparts. The paraglossae alone were sufficient for maximum sensitivity to both phagostimulants and deterrents, including glucose as a deterrent in the glucose-averse strain. In addition to the paraglossae, the labial palps were more important than the maxillary palps in the reception of deterrents (caffeine in both strains and glucose in the glucose-averse strain). The maxillary palps, on the other hand, played a more important role in the reception of phagostimulants (fructose in both strains and glucose in the wild-type strain). Our results suggest that distinct inputs from the chemosensory system mediate opposite feeding responses to glucose in the wild-type and glucose-averse strains.
The Use of Electromyographic Biofeedback in the Control of Hyperactivity

A 6 1/2-year-old hyperactive boy was taught to reduce his muscular activity and tension through the use of electromyographic biofeedback for 11 sessions. The child was instructed to turn off a tone which signaled the presence of muscular tension. Muscular tension and activity decreased both within and across sessions. A follow-up session after a seven-month interval indicated that he continued to be able to control hyperactivity. Improvement was seen in the child's behavior in class and at home as long as he continued to practice and use, both at home and at school, the techniques he had learned in the laboratory. The child also improved a range of 25 to 56 months on four subtests of the ITPA. Improvement also occurred on a group-administered achievement test at school. These gains would indicate that pretest scores were depressed by hyperactivity and poor attention. There was also improvement in self-confidence and self-concept.
Quantitative Assessment of Trimethyltin Induced Pathology of the Hippocampus

The pathology induced by trimethyltin in the hippocampus was investigated using a detailed morphometric model. Male Long-Evans rats were dosed with 3 mg/kg trimethyltin chloride (TMT) for three consecutive days and sacrificed at subsequent interim period. Total brain volume was not significantly affected; hippocampus volume decreased within 4 days after completion of dose. Pyramidal cells were more sensitive to the toxic effects of TMT than granule cells, in addition, dorsal pyramidal cells appeared to be more sensitive than ventral pyramidal cells. The dorsal CA4 region appeared to be the most susceptible to cell loss, although the dorsal CA1 region also exhibited significant reductions. The most dramatic reduction in cell numbers occurred between 14 and 28 days post-dose. Cell loss within the CA3c and CA4 but not the CA1 region was preceded by decreased nuclear volume. In addition cellular loss within the dorsal CA1 region appeared to be most pronounced within a well defined rectangular patch of cells immediately adjacent to the CA3-CA1 junction. The data further suggest that TMT is a potent toxicant to the hippocampus. This toxicity is delayed, and selectively affects well defined groups of cells within the structure. Additionally, differences in nuclear pathology suggest that more than one mechanism may be involved in the destruction of these target cell populations.
Associations between Obesity and Stress and Shift Work among Nurses

Nurses' work is known to be stressful, and many nurses work shifts. Both stress and shift work are factors that can influence how and what nurses eat and may increase nurses' risk for weight gain and obesity. This literature review summarizes the evidence regarding the prevalence of obesity and overweight among nurses who work shifts and examine associations between stress and the eating behaviors of these nurses. The conclusion provides some implications for occupational health nurses who promote wellness for their employees.