cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Getting a handle on library publications: Balancing creativity and consistency - the University of Iowa Libraries' publication guidelines

L'Universite de l'Iowa a mis au point un guide des publications destine a assurer la coherence des documents publies par les bibliotheques tout en respectant la creativite et la flexibilite de l'auteur. Le PRAC (Publications Review Advisory Committee) a etabli une liste d'elements (tels que le nom et le logo des bibliotheques) devant figurer dans le document de facon imperative ou optionnelle, selon le niveau de publications dont il releve. Le guide s'organise en six sections : introduction, guide rapide, glossaire, feuille de style, tableau d'aide detaille, exemples detailles.
Book & Resource Reviews

Reviews the book “Educating Citizens: Preparing America's Undergraduates for Lives of Civic and Moral Responsibility,”; by Anne Colby, Thomas Ehrlich, Elizabeth Beaumont, and Jason Stephens.
Direct-Bandgap Epitaxial Core–Multishell Nanopillar Photovoltaics Featuring Subwavelength Optical Concentrators

Semiconductor nanomaterials have recently fueled numerous photonic scientific fields. Arrays of nanopillars (NPs) have been examined by the photovoltaic (PV) community as highly efficient solar absorbers, with potential material/cost reductions compared to planar architectures. Despite modeled predictions, experimental efficiencies are limited by surface recombination and poor light management, once integrated in a practical PV device. In this Letter, we correlate optoelectronic modeling with experimental results for direct-bandgap arrays of core-multishell GaAs NPs grown by selective area, catalyst-free epitaxy and capped by epitaxial window layers, with efficiencies of 7.43%. Electrically, improved open-circuit voltages are yet partly affected by residual surface state density after epitaxial passivation. Optically, dome-shaped indium–tin–oxide (ITO) top electrode functions as a two-dimensional (2-D) periodic array of subwavelength lenses that focus the local density of optical states within the NP acti...
Fine structure of Rydberg states: n = 6 and 7 D and F states of He 4

We have measured all the fine-structure intervals in the configurations $1s7d$ and $1s7f$ of $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ as well as the intervals $6^{1}D_{2}\ensuremath{-}6^{1}F_{3}$ and $6^{1}D_{2}\ensuremath{-}6^{3}F_{3}$ by a microwave-optical-resonance method. The level of accuracy considerably exceeds that of available calculations. We discuss the results in relation to the breakdown of $\mathrm{LS}$ coupling, and we estimate the singlettriplet mixing coefficients and the corresponding level perturbations. We obtain an improved fitting formula useful for predicting the frequencies of $n^{1}D_{2}\ensuremath{-}n^{1,3}F_{3}$ transitions.
Second Thoughts and Conclusions

The 12 preceding narratives show stabilization and recovery, which about half of my patients were able to achieve during the 2 to 6 years I worked with them. The other half seemed less successful in achieving those outcomes, for at least four different reasons. Furthermore, outreach psychiatry presents some real risks to outreach clinicians and to makers of public policy, as well. Patients’ families, friends, and potential neighbors have their own concerns. Experienced public psychiatrists express skepticism about prospects for favorable outcomes. On the other hand there are some guidelines that prospective outreach clinicians may find useful to their efforts, beginning with identifying their own, individual motives for engaging in this strenuous work. Those who choose to pursue it will find many opportunities to do so and can reap deep gratifications.
An Implicit Numerical Solution of the Two-Dimensional Diffusion Equation and Vectorization Experiments

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the numerical solution of the diffusion equation within the context of the flow of a compressible fluid. Temperature differences can be considerable from one point to another, and the transfer of energy by thermal conduction may have a significant effect on the motion. This is accounted for by coupling the heat diffusion equation to the hyperbolic equations of fluid dynamics and the two phenomena are calculated concurrently. For the nonviscous fluid flows, in which the effects of temperature are minimal, explicit time differencing schemes can be used effectively with the time step controlled by the Courant–Friedricks–Levy condition. For small time steps, no problem is posed because there are a variety of implicit–explicit time-differencing schemes to choose from. For large time steps, the dissipation of the solution of the diffusion equation forces the solution of the finite difference equations to behave the same way.
The Multisystemic Therapy® Quality Assurance/Quality Improvement System

This chapter describes the quality assurance/quality improvement system used to support the implementation worldwide of Multisystemic Therapy®. Following a brief overview of treatment model and evidence supporting its effectiveness, the historical context giving rise to the MST QA/QI system is provided. The components and processes of the MST QA/QI system are described, as is research that has provided empirical support for linkages among these components and child outcomes. Examples are provided of emerging developments in quality assurance and improvement systems to support the larger scale dissemination and implementation of evidence-based psychosocial interventions, including MST.
The Regulation Game: How British and West German Companies Bargain with Government

(1986). The Regulation Game: How British and West German Companies Bargain with Government. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 252-254.
Characterization of IMiDs (Immunomodulating Agents) Induced “Flare Reaction” in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) and Correlation with Changes in Serum Cytokine Levels.

Abstract Introduction: Several cytokines (including TNF-alpha, IL-6 and VEGF) are reported to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of CLL cells. Targeting the tumor microenvironment through modulation of the cytokine milieu thus is a potential way to treat CLL. In 2 separate clinical studies we investigated the role of IMiDs (thalidomide and lenalidomide) either in combination with standard chemotherapy (thalidomide + fludarabine, FT) or single agent (lenalidomide, L) in pts with previously untreated or relapsed/refractory CLL, respectively. In these studies we observed tumor flare reaction not previously reported. In this report we describe the clinical characteristics of this side effect, its management and correlation with changes in serum cytokine levels. Flare Reaction (FR): CLL pts treated with IMiDs were noted to have tender increase in lymph nodes size starting within 24–48 hours of initiating therapy with or without erythema and rash. Some patients also increased their total white cell as well as absolute lymphocyte count (ALC). Results: A total of 48 pts (20 on FT and 28 on lenalidomide) are collectively treated on 2 clinical trials. Median age was------, -----had limited stage (0-II) and ----- has advance Rai stage (III, IV). ------(%) on the FT and 22 (78.5%) on the L developed a FR, which was noted as early as 24 hours after initiation of therapy (median 48 hours). Most pts resolved FR by day 14. A comparison of serum cytokine level at day 0 and 7 was done in 10 pts (9 with FR) treated with L. An increase in TNF-a (n=4), MIG (n=6), IP-10 (n=8), IL-8 (n=7) and IL-10 (n=6) was noted at day 7. Management: FR was treated with ibuprofen 400 mg q 6 hr with addition of oral morphine (or agents of equivalent potency) for improved pain control. Conclusion: FR is a new side effect noted in CLL pts treated with IMiDs that is fairly well managed by anti-inflammatory agent along with aggressive pain control. Higher incidence is noted with L. There seems to be no correlation of FR with clinical response to therapy. Identification of the FR is important to avoid confusion with disease progression. An increase in levels of inflammatory cytokine was noted in all pts treated with L which may explain the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon.
Destigmatization by Association: Improving Children's Reactions to an Obese Storybook Character.

ABSTRACTSecond- through fourth-grade students were read a storybook that described a typical boy who interacted with an obese boy for one of four reasons (sympathy, curiosity, teacher instructed, or no reason) to explore the manner in which a typical storybook character's reason for associating with an obese storybook character influences children's responses to both characters. Results revealed that the children responded more favorably to the obese storybook character after than before learning about the typical storybook character's association with him, especially when the typical storybook character's reason for association was presented as internally motivated (sympathy or curiosity). In contrast to “stigma by association” findings reported in prior research, the children also responded more favorably to the typical storybook character after than before his association with the obese storybook character.
“This painting is nice, but I wish it were more political.” Exploring the challenges and dilemmas of community art with LGBT refugees

Abstract Recent works on social justice and human rights show that arts-based methodologies help to create greater opportunities for understanding and empathy for marginalized communities. Despite claims that arts provide a beneficial platform for community development and social justice, very little work has been done to reflect critically on what implementing a community art project looks like on the ground. This paper is a critical reflection of organizing and implementing a community mural project with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans (LGBT) refugees in Vancouver, British Columbia. Called Painted Stories, the project involved 15 LGBT refugees working together to create a large public mural and short documentary about their experiences. Painted Stories bring up critical questions regarding community representation and social justice, especially in regard to representing violence and trauma in public art.
Optimal experimental designs for fMRI when the model matrix is uncertain

This study concerns optimal designs for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments when the model matrix of the statistical model depends on both the selected stimulus sequence (fMRI design), and the subject's uncertain feedback (e.g. answer) to each mental stimulus (e.g. question) presented to her/him. While practically important, this design issue is challenging. This mainly is because that the information matrix cannot be fully determined at the design stage, making it difficult to evaluate the quality of the selected designs. To tackle this challenging issue, we propose an easy-to-use optimality criterion for evaluating the quality of designs, and an efficient approach for obtaining designs optimizing this criterion. Compared with a previously proposed method, our approach requires a much less computing time to achieve designs with high statistical efficiencies.
Exploiting Thread and Data Level Parallelism for Ultimate Parallel SystemC Simulation

Most parallel SystemC approaches have two limitations: (a) the user must manually separate all parallel threads to avoid data corruption due to race conditions, and (b) available hardware vector units are not utilized. In this paper, we present an advanced compiler infrastructure for automatic parallelization of SystemC models at the thread-level. In addition, our infrastructure exploits opportunities for data-level parallelization. Our experimental results show a nearly linear speedup of N×M, where N and M denote the thread and data-level factors, respectively. In turn, a 4-core multi-processor achieves a speedup of up to 8.8×, and a 60-core Xeon Phi processor reaches up to 212×.
Effect of Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage on Brain Tissue Oxygenation in Traumatic Brain Injury.

Abstract The effectiveness of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage in lowering high intracranial pressure (ICP) is well established in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recently, however, the use of external ventricular drains (EVDs) and ICP monitors in TBI has come under question. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the effect of CSF drainage on brain tissue oxygenation (PbtO2). Using a multi-modality monitoring system, we continuously monitored PbtO2 and parenchymal ICP during CSF drainage events via a ventriculostomy in 40 patients with severe TBI. Measurements were time-locked continuous recordings on a Component Neuromonitoring System in a neuroscience intensive care unit. We further selected for therapeutic CSF drainage events initiated at ICP values above 25 mm Hg and analyzed the 4-min periods before and after drainage for the physiologic variables ICP, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and PbtO2. We retrospectively identified 204 CSF drainage events for ICP EVD-opening values...
Structural and electrical analysis of epitaxial 2D/3D vertical heterojunctions of monolayer MoS2 on GaN

Integration of two-dimensional (2D) and conventional (3D) semiconductors can lead to the formation of vertical heterojunctions with valuable electronic and optoelectronic properties. Regardless of the growth stacking mechanism implemented so far, the quality of the formed heterojunctions is susceptible to defects and contaminations mainly due to the complication involved in the transfer process. We utilize an approach that aims to eliminate the transfer process and achieve epitaxial vertical heterojunctions with low defect interfaces necessary for efficient vertical transport. Monolayers of MoS2 of approximately 2 μm domains are grown epitaxially by powder vaporization on GaN substrates forming a vertical 2D/3D heterojunction. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) is employed to analyze the in-plane lattice constants and van der Waals (vdW) gap between the 2D and 3D semiconductor crystals. The extracted in-plane lattice mismatch between monolayer MoS2 and GaN is only 1.2% which correspon...
Understanding Teacher Understanding: An Ethical Challenge

As I entered the classroom for the first day of my research, I was eager for the opportunity to observe and dialogue with science teachers about the many issues surrounding student assessment. I looked forward to rich discussions and an increase in understanding, on my part, of what teachers were thinking about the assessment of student achievement. My research was to be descriptive and exploratory. In the beginning I did not have a clear idea of where my exploration into teachers’ thoughts would lead. I knew, however, I was entering a situation replete with ethical challenges. I did not realise that ten minutes into the observation, I would be uncomfortable with what I saw and so encounter my first ethical decision.
The Global Importance of Government Guarantees in Mortgage Finance

Critics of the federal government’s role in the mortgage markets often claim the United States is unique among developed countries in providing significant guarantees for home mortgage financing. A corollary to this critique is that European countries do not provide government guarantees for mortgage finance. Both of these statements are wrong, because they fail to understand the ways in which other countries, particularly European ones, support their residential mortgage markets. Those who believe the United States is unique in supporting its mortgage finance system focus on the government backing of the mortgage securitization entities Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Ginnie Mae, which together account for about half of all outstanding U.S. home loans (about 90 percent since the 2008 financial crisis). These three institutions purchase and pool mortgages meeting certain standards and sell the cash flows from these mortgage pools to investors in the form of mortgage-backed securities, backed by a government guarantee. Critics of the government’s role in the U.S. housing finance market note that the United States is one of only a handful of countries that offer such guarantees for securitization — the others being Canada, Japan, and South Korea. What this argument ignores is that securitization is not an important source of mortgage finance for most of the world’s developed countries. In Western Europe, for example, traditional bank lenders — funded by deposits and, to a lesser extent, covered bonds (a type of bond that is collateralized by mortgages held by the issuing bank) — are the primary source of residential mortgage finance. Conversely, securitization is not a major source of mortgage funding for any of these countries. Thus, it makes no sense to focus on guarantees for securitization, while ignoring guarantees for these bank obligations, when considering whether European governments provide support to their residential mortgage markets. What does make sense is to examine the ways in which European governments do guarantee residential mortgage funding, both explicitly and implicitly. This issue brief will do just that — detailing the several ways the U.S. government guarantee on residential mortgages works and then comparing those processes with the very different but equally important government role in guaranteeing home mortgages across Europe.
Incomplete revascularization in the era of drug-eluting stents: impact on adverse outcomes.

Objectives We sought to compare outcomes for percutaneous coronary intervention patients undergoing complete revascularization (CR) and incomplete revascularization (IR) in the drug-eluting stent era. Background There have been relatively few studies that have examined the impact of IR in patients undergoing coronary stenting, particularly in the era of drug-eluting stents. Methods New York State9s Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Reporting System was used to identify 11,294 stent patients with multivessel disease undergoing either IR or CR in 39 hospitals between October 1, 2003, and December 31, 2004. These patients were followed through December 31, 2005, and IR patients were subdivided based on the number of IR vessels and presence of a chronic total occlusion. Risk-adjusted mortality and mortality/myocardial infarction (MI) for CR and IR patients were compared at 18 months. Results Incomplete revascularization was performed in a total of 7,795 patients (69.0%). Incomplete revascularization was associated with higher 18-month mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04 to 1.45) and higher 18-month MI/mortality (adjusted HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.47). The risk-adjusted survival rates for CR and IR were 94.9% and 93.8% (p = 0.01). The risk-adjusted survival/freedom from MI rates were 93.3% and 91.7% (p = 0.002). Patients with 2 diseased vessels unattempted with a total occlusion were at highest risk (adjusted survival HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.82, risk-adjusted survival 94.9% vs. 92.9%, p = 0.002; and adjusted survival/freedom from MI: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.21 to 1.86, rates 93.3% vs. 90.3%, p Conclusions Patients undergoing coronary stenting who receive IR experience more adverse outcomes even in the era of drug-eluting stents. This has implications for choice of procedure and post-procedural monitoring.
Alteplase for stroke : Uncertainty remains about efficacy

Editor—The article by Lenzer and the associated commentary by Saver et al raise many serious issues, among which is the residual state of uncertainty concerning the efficacy of alteplase (tPA) in acute ischaemic stroke.1 Confronted by opposing interpretations of the aggregate data published to date and the now known baseline imbalance in the severity of stroke in the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS) trial, doctors are presented with a conundrum: what action do the data support? The reported unwillingness of the investigators and sponsor of the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke trial to provide data for additional analysis is disturbing. Emanuel et al have described seven requirements for the ethical conduct of clinical research, among which is social and scientific value.2 Social value presupposes the public dissemination of research results. I have formulated a standard for the scientific and ethical review of trials that elaborates on this requirement.3 Implicit in this requirement is the necessity for the public dissemination of the complete dataset acquired during a clinical trial. This allows interested investigators to apply recognised analytic techniques in an attempt to resolve (or diminish) residual uncertainty concerning the clinical implications of the trial's results. This ethical requirement has not yet been met for the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke trial.
An Overview of the Immune Response or an Immunologist’S View of the Nervous System Control of the Immune System

The purpose of this chapter was to provide some of the basic concepts of the science and art of immunology. This, however, would have taken many words to accomplish adequately and is provided elsewhere, such as in the second edition of The Cellular Basis of the Immune Response [Golub, 1981]. Rather, in the space alotted to me, I would like to provide some thoughts pertinent to the important questions at hand which cannot be found elsewhere.
The Plasmodesmal Localization Signal of TMV MP Is Recognized by Plant Synaptotagmin SYTA

Plant viruses cross the barrier of the plant cell wall by moving through intercellular channels, termed plasmodesmata, to invade their hosts. They accomplish this by encoding movement proteins (MPs), which act to alter plasmodesmal gating. How MPs target to plasmodesmata is not well understood. Our recent characterization of the first plasmodesmal localization signal (PLS) identified in a viral MP, namely, the MP encoded by the Tobamovirus Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), now provides the opportunity to identify host proteins that recognize this PLS and may be important for its plasmodesmal targeting. One such candidate protein is Arabidopsis synaptotagmin A (SYTA), which is required to form endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-plasma membrane contact sites and regulates the MP-mediated trafficking of begomoviruses, tobamoviruses, and potyviruses. In particular, SYTA interacts with, and regulates the cell-to-cell transport of, both TMV MP and the MP encoded by the Tobamovirus Turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV). Using in planta bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and yeast two-hybrid assays, we show here that the TMV PLS interacted with SYTA. This PLS sequence was both necessary and sufficient for interaction with SYTA, and the plasmodesmal targeting activity of the TMV PLS was substantially reduced in an Arabidopsis syta knockdown line. Our findings show that SYTA is one host factor that can recognize the TMV PLS and suggest that this interaction may stabilize the association of TMV MP with plasmodesmata.IMPORTANCE Plant viruses use their movement proteins (MPs) to move through host intercellular connections, plasmodesmata. Perhaps one of the most intriguing, yet least studied, aspects of this transport is the MP signal sequences and their host recognition factors. Recently, we have described the plasmodesmal localization signal (PLS) of the Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) MP. Here, we identified the Arabidopsis synaptotagmin A (SYTA) as a host factor that recognizes TMV MP PLS and promotes its association with the plasmodesmal membrane. The significance of these findings is two-fold: (i) we identified the TMV MP association with the cell membrane at plasmodesmata as an important PLS-dependent step in plasmodesmal targeting, and (ii) we identified the plant SYTA protein that specifically recognizes PLS as a host factor involved in this step.
Exploring Spatial Patterns of Crime Using Non-hierarchical Cluster Analysis

Exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) is a useful approach for ­detecting patterns of criminal activity. ESDA includes a number of quantitative techniques and statistical methods that are helpful for identifying significant ­clusters of crime, commonly referred to as hot spots. Perhaps the most popular hot spot detection methods, both in research and practice, are based on tests of spatial autocorrelation and kernel density. Non-hierarchical clustering methods, such as k-means, are less used in many contexts. There is a perception that these approaches are less definitive. This chapter reviews non-hierarchical cluster analysis for crime hot spot detection. We detail alternative non-hierarchical approaches for spatial clustering that can incorporate both event attributes and neighborhood characteristics (i.e., spatial lag) as a modeling parameter. Analysis of violent crime in the city of Lima, Ohio is presented to illustrate this for hot spot detection. We conclude with a discussion of practical considerations in identifying hot spots.
Human Immunodeficiency Viruses: Antiretroviral Agents

With 39.5 million people worldwide living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, acquired immune deficiency syndrome is one of the most destructive pandemics in recorded history. No vaccine or cure has been developed, so treatment of this disease relies on antiretroviral therapy. Currently, 22 antiretroviral drugs are available in four classes: a fusion inhibitor, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and protease inhibitors (PIs). Many more potential antiretroviral drugs in these classes are in preclinical and clinical development. Furthermore, new classes of antiretroviral drugs are being developed, including attachment and co-receptor inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, and maturation inhibitors. Patients are normally treated with a combination of three antiretroviral agents: two NRTIs along with one NNRTI or PI. This treatment paradigm, known as highly active antiretroviral therapy, can often reduce a patient's viral load to below detectable levels for prolonged periods. However, due to the rapid mutation of the virus, drug-resistant HIV strains are constantly evolving. The need for effective antiretroviral agents is now as strong as ever.
Ten Strategies to Intentionally Use Group Work to Transform Hate, Facilitate Courageous Conversations, and Enhance Community Building

The Association for Specialists in Group Work’s (ASGW) Special Initiatives Committee created a document offering 10 strategies for intentionally using group work to transform hate, facilitate coura...
Effectively Transforming Students through First Year Engineering Student Experiences

The premise of this Research to Practice Work in Progress Paper is that promoting STEM student attraction, transfer, retention, and academic success is critical for the future workforce and the economy of our Nation especially for the underrepresented populations in the STEM workforce. At many higher education institutions, including minority serving institutions, there is a need to address primary skill deficiencies in engineering students. These deficiencies in skills can be technical and non-technical (i.e., personal, soft). Most of the current efforts from faculty and existing educational programs, focus on developing technical skills, where the faculty makes an extraordinary effort to help students learn and understand the courses’ contents. For this reason, the focus of this paper is on non-technical skills for student academic success. The objectives of this paper are (1) identify the potential skills necessary to thrive in an engineering program; this includes a literature review on skills, (2) define educational experiences as interventions to develop these skills in the students, and (3); explore the metrics associated with the selected skills; this is necessary to measure improvements. These skills will enable the self-transformation of students to be more effective and successful. It is expected that a critical mass of these students will promote and nourish communities of learners. These successful students will continue their transformation into professional innovators to tackle critical needs in their respective regions. Educational experiences on innovation will help in the development of specific skills to initiate a transformation in the student that can allow them to thrive in an engineering program. This transformation of self, community (as a student), and region (as a professional) can become a model that can be transferred to other institutions interested in preparing resilient learners.
Impact of cytochrome P450 variation on meperidine N-demethylation to the neurotoxic metabolite normeperidine.

Abstract1. Meperidine is an opioid analgesic that undergoes N-demethylation to form the neurotoxic metabolite normeperidine. Previous studies indicate that meperidine N-demethylation is catalyzed b...
Predicting Response in Lung Cancer from FDG-PET Uptake Characteristics

It was recognized recently that uptake characteristics of PET images could be used for planning and adapting radiotherapy treatment based on predicted outcome risks of individual patients. In this work, we are investigating PET uptake features as prognostic factors for patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods based on intensity-volume histogram (IVH) and extracted morphological features from regions of interest (ROI) such as shape deformations and texture heterogeneity are evaluated. Seventeen NSCLC patients who received 3D-CRT are analyzed. Sixteen patients with pre-radiotherapy FDG-PET were analyzed for local failure using the gross tumor volume (GTV) as ROI. Nine patients with post-radiotherapy FDG-PET were analyzed for pneumonitis. The lung minus GTV was selected as the ROI in this case. About thirty candidate variables were extracted from each case, which included: ROI volume, SUV descriptors, total lesion glycolosis (TLG), IVH variables, and local texture variability metrics. Model building approaches based on logistic regression and machine learning were evaluated and corresponding Spearman’s rank correlation (rs) was reported. Our preliminary results for local failure indicate that GTV and TLG had the highest correlation (rs= 0.476, p=0.031) while meanSUV, maxSUV, and local texture homogeneity showed modest association. A combined logistic model of TLG and V90 yielded rs=0.616 (p=0.009). This is slightly improved using a quadratic kernel (rs=0.644, p=0.006). In pneumonitis analysis, local contrast and homogeneity had the highest correlation with rs=0.725 and rs=-0.725 (p=0.014). These results imply intensity-volume effect in predicting local failure and significant local heterogeneity association in predicting onset of pneumonitis.
Fine Particulate Air Pollution from Electricity Generation in the US: Health Impacts by Race, Income, and Geography

Electricity generation is a large contributor to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution. However, the demographic distribution of the resulting exposure is largely unknown. We estimate exposures to and health impacts of PM2.5 from electricity generation in the US, for each of the seven Regional Transmission Organizations (RTOs), for each US state, by income and by race. We find that average exposures are the highest for blacks, followed by non-Latino whites. Exposures for remaining groups (e.g., Asians, Native Americans, Latinos) are somewhat lower. Disparities by race/ethnicity are observed for each income category, indicating that the racial/ethnic differences hold even after accounting for differences in income. Levels of disparity differ by state and RTO. Exposures are higher for lower-income than for higher-income, but disparities are larger by race than by income. Geographically, we observe large differences between where electricity is generated and where people experience the resulting PM2....
When Traumatic Memories Affect Your Health: A Clinical Case Study:

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea (OSA) is the most common breathing-related sleep disorder and affects more than 20% of older individuals. Furthermore, risk of OSA increases in postmenopausal women...
High Risk Coronary Atherectomy, Perforation, and Successful Percutaneous Treatment: When Impella Support Prevents Catastrophe.

Abstract We report a case of coronary perforation during high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention with Impella (Abiomed, Danvers, Massachusetts) support that resulted in cessation of pulsatile arterial flow. Maintenance of systemic perfusion due to antecedent placement of Impella 2.5 allowed for successful treatment with pericardiocentesis and covered stent placement, early discharge, and complication-free follow-up. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.)
Derivation of sea ice concentration, age and surface temperature from multispectral microwave radiances obtained with the Nimbus-7 scanning multichannel microwave radiometer

An algorithm has been developed which utilizes the multi- spectral data available from the Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (Nimbus-7 SMMR) to infer sea ice concentration (C), multiyear ice fraction (F), and ice surface temperature. The method is expected to provide an improved capability for inferring C as contrasted with the Nimbus-5 ESMR algorithm which utilized only one channel of radiometric data to predict C to about 10–15%. With Nimbus-7 SMMR, the predicted capability is 3–5% for C. A sensitivity analysis has been completed for all of the derived sea ice parameters using computed noise amplification factors and the measured noise figures from the Nimbus-7 SMMR channels.
Multimodality Imaging of Aortic Disease

Patients with aortic disease should have regular imaging surveillance. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the etiologies of aortic disease as well as provide information on available imaging modalities including ones that are under investigation. As routine imaging is required for surveillance of aortic disease, many concerns come up including cumulative radiation and contrast exposure, as well as limitations, availability, and cost of imaging modalities. Novel hybrid imaging modalities hold promise for the prediction of complications related to aortic disease. A variety of etiologies can lead to aortic disease which can cause fatal complications if not monitored regularly and intervened when appropriate. Therefore, routine imaging surveillance is critical in patients with aortic disease, especially in high-risk groups. Understanding of advantages and limitations of each imaging technique is important in choosing the right modality.
The Power of the Particular

This chapter excerpt offers a way to combat one of the major causes of bad legal writing: unhelpfully abstract language.
Defining the ultrastructure of the hematopoietic stem cell niche by correlative light and electron microscopy

Abstract The blood system is supported by hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) found in a specialized microenvironment called the niche. Many different niche cell types support HSPCs, however how they interact and their ultrastructure has been difficult to define. Here we show that single endogenous HSPCs can be tracked by light microscopy, then identified by serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBEM) at multiscale levels. Using the zebrafish larval kidney marrow (KM) niche as a model, we followed single fluorescently-labeled HSPCs by light sheet microscopy, then confirmed their exact location in a 3D SBEM dataset. Our approach allowed us to identify dopamine beta-hydroxylase (dbh) positive ganglia cells as a previously uncharacterized functional cell type in the HSPC niche. By integrating multiple imaging modalities, we could resolve the ultrastructure of single rare cells deep in live tissue and define all contacts between an HSPC and its surrounding niche cell types.
The Automation of Affect: Robots and the Domestic Sphere in Sinophone Cinema

Isaacson examines transformations of labor and kinship ties in the context of two Chinese-language films featuring automata: Dislocation (Cuowei, Huang Jianxin 1986), and The Beautiful Washing Machine (Meili de xiyiji, James Lee 2004). The chapter analyzes the motif of emerging affect in machines (both intentional and unintentional) as a means of interrogating the social division of labor, and questioning the uniqueness of human consciousness. In these two films automata serve as allegories for alienated labor—in the post-socialist PRC and its attendant moment of reflection on Chinese tradition, and in contemporary Malaysia in the context of deteriorating Confucian kinship ties. The author asks, what does it mean when the uncanny [unheimlich] automaton becomes part of the family?
Assessment of Patient Attribution to Care From Medical Oncologists, Surgeons, or Radiation Oncologists After Newly Diagnosed Cancer.

This cohort study uses data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare Linked Database to assess the attribution of patients with newly diagnosed lung, breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer to care from multidisciplinary specialists—medical oncologists, surgeons, or radiation oncologists—within 6 months after diagnosis.
Machine Learning Techniques for Accountability

Artificial intelligence systems have provided us with many everyday conveniences. We can easily search for information across millions of webpages via text and voice. Paperwork processing is increasingly automated. Artificial intelligence systems flag potentially fraudulent credit-card transactions and filter our e-mail. Yet these artificial intelligence systems have also experienced significant failings. Across a range of applications, including loan approvals, disease severity scores, hiring algorithms, and face recognition, artificial-intelligence–based scoring systems have exhibited gender and racial bias. Self-driving cars have had serious accidents. As these systems become more prevalent, it is increasingly important that we identify the best ways to keep them accountable.
Acral lentiginous melanoma—Population, treatment, and survival using the NCDB from 2004 to 2015

Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a rare histological subtype of cutaneous malignant melanoma that typically presents on the palms and soles. To characterize the demographic and treatment characteristics of ALM, we used the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to describe a large multi-institutional cohort of ALM patients, consisting of 4,796 ALM patients from 2004 to 2015. ALM was more likely to be diagnosed at a later stage overall compared with non-ALM cutaneous melanomas, and more likely to be thicker, ulcerated, lymph node positive, and have lymphovascular invasion and positive margins. When stratified by stage, ALM had worse survival compared with non-ALM patients, most notably in stage III patients with 5-year survival of 47.5% versus 56.7%, respectively (p < .001). In ALM patients, older age, male sex, higher comorbidity burden, increased tumor thickness and ulceration, positive lymph nodes, and positive metastasis were independently associated with lower 5-year survival. Multimodality therapy, defined as surgery in addition to systemic therapy and/or radiation therapy, was associated with higher survival in stage III patients but not in other stages. These results call for further investigation into possible treatment intensification in the ALM population in the future.
Establishing and validating secured keys for IoT devices: using P3 connection model on a cloud-based architecture

IoT devices are slowly turning out to be an essential part of our everyday lives. These devices perform one operation, and they specialize in doing so. When communicating with these devices, we need to set up a secured key preventing unauthorized communications. We have been using the plug-and-play model for electronic devices for decades. These IoT devices fall into the same realm. The plug–pair–play connection model follows the same principle so that the user does not feel the added pressure of remembering a complex password or rely on a default credential. It helps to generate a secret that is only known to the device and its user. We used elliptic curve cryptography to circumvent the resource limitations on the device. The model establishes a zero-trust pattern where all requests and responses are validated and verified before being processed. This paper provides a unique way to set up a secret key for each user and device pair without much user interaction. The model sets the path to end-to-end secured communication.
Media Coverage of Female Candidates’ Traits in the 2020 Democratic Presidential Primary

The 2020 Democratic presidential primary featured more female candidates than any prior race of its kind, presenting a unique opportunity to analyze media coverage of women running for this distinc...
Understanding the Microphysical Properties of Developing Cloud Clusters During TCS-08

Abstract : To improve understanding of tropical cyclone genesis is through a research program that focuses on identifying the environmental and microphysical differences between developing and non-developing cloud clusters in the western North Pacific.
Video sequence compression using three-dimensional /spl theta/-transformation

A new video transformation, three-dimensional /spl theta/-transformation, is proposed in this paper. The application of /spl theta/-transformation to video compression is discussed. The time complexity for a /spl theta/-transformation is very low. Therefore, /spl theta/-transformation is expected to be a very efficient algorithm for video compression. >
Developmental regulation of alpha beta T cell antigen receptor expression results from differential stability of nascent TCR alpha proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum of immature and mature T cells.

Abstract The alpha beta T cell antigen receptor (TCR) that is expressed on most T lymphocytes is a multisubunit transmembrane complex composed of at least six different proteins (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta) that are assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then transported to the plasma membrane. Expression of the TCR complex is quantitatively regulated during T cell development, with immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes expressing only 10% of the number of surface alpha beta TCR complexes that are expressed on mature T cells. However, the molecular basis for low TCR expression in developing alpha beta T cells is unknown. In the present study we report the unexpected finding that assembly of nascent component chains into complete TCR alpha beta complexes is severely impaired in immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes relative to their mature T cell progeny. In particular, the initial association of TCR alpha with TCR beta proteins, which occurs relatively efficiently in mature T cells, is markedly inefficient in immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, even for a matched pair of transgenic TCR alpha and TCR beta proteins. Inefficient formation of TCR alpha beta heterodimers in immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes was found to result from the unique instability of nascent TCR alpha proteins within the ER of immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, with nascent TCR alpha proteins having a median survival time of only 15 min in CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, but > 75 min in mature T cells. Thus, these data demonstrate that stability of TCR alpha proteins within the ER is developmentally regulated and provide a molecular basis for quantitative differences in alpha beta TCR expression on immature and mature T cells. In addition, these results provide the first example of a receptor complex whose expression is quantitatively regulated during development by post-translational limitations on receptor assembly.
Attachment, Social Competency, and the Capacity to Use Social Support

Much of the pioneering research on the stress-buffering effects of social support tended to view support primarily in terms of its perceived availability in the environment. Individual differences were often included in these models, not as independent variables, but only as dependent variables representing psychological or physical health symptoms of distress. In many of these studies, the capacity to benefit from available social support was accepted as a given. After a decade of research in which this paradigm predominated, however, researchers in the mid-1980s increasingly began to view social support as an interaction between individual difference variables and the environment (e. g., B. R. Sarason, Pierce, & I. G. Sarason, 1990; I. G. Sarason, B. R. Sarason, & Shearin, 1986). On the basis of this growing body of research, it appears that at least three conditions are necessary for an individual to derive benefit from social support for coping with a given stressful life event: (1) the environment must offer support of the functional types and from relationship sources that match the coping requirements of the event; (2) the individual must possess social skills necessary to engage in supportive relationships, establish intimacy, and recruit the specific types of social support needed for coping with the Stressor; and (3) the individual must have the personality disposition and willingness to exercise these skills.
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac: Privatizing Profit and Subsidizing Loss

This book chapter describes the role of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in the ongoing financial crisis. The chapter first explains the hybrid public-private nature of Fannie and Freddie, which are what is known as Government Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs). Fannie and Freddie were originally chartered by the federal government to create a national mortgage market. The chapter then explains how the two GSEs morphed into extraordinarily large companies that profited enormously from their special relationship with the federal government, while providing only modest benefits to American homeowners. In what turned out to be a disastrous trade-off for American taxpayers, Fannie and Freddie ended up needing a bailout measured in the hundreds of billions of dollars. Ultimately, Fannie and Freddie exhibited the common failings of poor GSE design — after fulfilling their original purpose, they took on monstrously large lives of their own that defied political oversight. The chapter concludes that Fannie and Freddie should be privatized, with their remaining public functions assumed by pure government actors.
The Information Flow and its Impact Upon Channel Performance in the Food Industry

An analysis of advertising in the food industry and the interrelationship between the information flow and other marketing activities suggests some implications for channel performance.
Quantitative MRI of Articular Cartilage and Its Clinical Applications

Cartilage is one of the most essential tissues for healthy joint function and is compromised in degenerative and traumatic joint diseases. There have been tremendous advances during the past decade using quantitative MRI techniques as a noninvasive tool for evaluating cartilage, with a focus on assessing cartilage degeneration during osteoarthritis (OA). In this review, after a brief overview of cartilage composition and degeneration, we discuss techniques that grade and quantify morphologic changes as well as the techniques that quantify changes in the extracellular matrix. The basic principles, in vivo applications, advantages, and challenges for each technique are discussed. Recent studies using the OA Initiative (OAI) data are also summarized. Quantitative MRI provides noninvasive measures of cartilage degeneration at the earliest stages of joint degeneration, which is essential for efforts toward prevention and early intervention in OA. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:991–1008. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.