cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A digital discrete-time non-Foster approach to broadband fast-wave microstrip lines

The design of a fast-wave microstrip line is presented, where analog negative capacitance circuits are replaced by digital discrete-time non-Foster circuits. Building upon recent results for a wideband three-section fast-wave microstrip line using three negative capacitors, the proposed digital approach is shown to exhibit fast-wave characteristics over wide bandwidth with phase velocity greater than the speed of light in vacuum. Quality factor of negative capacitors is known to limit bandwidth of analog non-Foster fast-wave lines, and similar behavior is observed in the digital non-Foster simulations. Nevertheless, the proposed digital non-Foster approach is shown to offer broadband fast-wave performance, even with limited quality factor.
Performance of Patch and Full-Encirclement Bonded Composite Repairs

Composite repair systems offer the potential of changing the way engineers approach onsite pipeline repairs. Composite repair in pipeline and pressure equipment are a growing segment of the corrosion mitigation industry and have seen large expansions since the introduction of the technique in the early 1990s. Industry acceptance has widened since the initial products came on to the market and the capabilities of the repair have steadily increased. This chapter presents results comparing the performance of full encirclement repairs with patch-type repairs on 6-in. nominal diameter pipe specimens. Each pipe specimen has a 75 % wall loss defect simulating corrosion damage on a pipeline. Specimens were cycled from 0 to 75 % of maximum operating pressure until failure. Fatigue lives and substrate strain levels are compared for the patch and full-encirclement repairs. Design suggestions for patch repairs are also presented.
Unsteady Flow Computation for Full Storm Sewer

The purpose of this report is to describe the model formulated to simulate flow in the storm sewer and to compare the computed discharges with discharges measured using the velocity meter.
Regulation and the Deployment of Broadband

This study examines the impact of telecommunications regulatory policy on broadband service deployment. Using U.S. data covering all forms of access technology (chiefly DSL and cable modem) and all areas served by major carriers, we investigate the impact of state and federal regulation on broadband availability. Alternative regulation increases the probability of broadband availability, particularly for price caps. Unbundled network element (UNE) rates, the prices incumbent carriers charge to competitors for access to the local exchange network, also matter. Areas with lower UNE rates have a slightly higher probability of broadband availability. The effects of UNE rates on broadband deployment are largest where incentive regulation is in place. Our objective in examining regulatory factors is to highlight the role of incentive regulation and local telecommunications competition policy - policies used or available around the world - in stimulating broad-band service deployment.
Random Fractals and Turbulence in U.S. Bond Fund Flows

Evidence is found of fully developed turbulence in the increments of U.S. bond fund flows. These flow increments are found to be both anisotropic and locally isotropic. The response function of the market participants generating the flow turbulence is linked to both renormalization and scale invariance in physics and aggregation and representative agent theory in economics. In this paper we show that these two topics are closely related to each other and that the cluster of opinions represented by representative agents' renormalization is fractal. The fractals from the renormalization are shown to be random.
A new species of Nivenia (Iridaceae)

Plantae 0.3-0.5(-0.8) m altae, sempervirentes, caulibus pluribus e caudice lignoso compresso elliptico, foliis distichis ensiformibus ad linearibus usitate 50-70 x 3-4 mm, inflorescentiis ex rhipidiis binatis bifloris 20-60 compositis paniculam corymbosam formantibus, spathis 3^4 mm longis, bracteis siccis papyraceis corrugatis brunneis, floribus pallide caeruleis heterostylis, tubo perianthii ± 5.5 mm longo, tepalis subpatentibus lanceolato-ellipticis 6.3-7 x 2.4-3.0 mm, filamentis ± 6 mm longis (plantis brevistylis) vel ± 2 mm longis (plantis longistylis), antheris ± 1.3 mm longis pallide caeruleis, ovario ± 1.2 mm longo, stylo ± 2 mm (plantis brevistylis) vel 6-8 mm (plantis longistylis) ex tubo exserto, lobis stigmatis ± 0.4 mm longis.
An Exploration of Perceived Risk and Willingness to Try New Products

Consumer decisions about new products are generally recognized as potentially high risk situations. This article explores as a dimension of cognitive style the relationship between willingness to t...
Series elasticity in cat papillary muscle: increased stiffness after segmental damage.

SummaryAfter segmental compression damage of 5 cat papillary muscles in vitro, resting length shortened, contractility diminished, and the series elasticity (SE) became slightly stiffer as determined by isotonic quick release methods. The marked reduction in rate of force development was not due to an overly compliant SE, therefore, but rather to a decrease in contractile element (CE) velocity. A combination of direct damage to the CE; and the fact that the muscle contracted from a shorter initial length contributed to the reduction in both the contractile element velocity and the rate of tension development.
1,2-Oxazines and their Benzo Derivatives

This chapter covers all significant developments concerning 1, 2-oxazines and their benzo derivatives which appeared in the literature during the period 1996–2005. In this chapter, most of the information refers to the mono- and bicyclic oxazines and benzo-fused bi- and tricyclic ring systems. The 1,2-oxazines containing fused heterocyclic and bi- or tricyclic bridgehead ring systems with nitrogen at the bridgehead are not covered. Several research groups have investigated the ring synthesis of dihydro- and tetrahydro- 1,2-oxazines via intra- and intermolecular cycloaddition of nitroalkanes, nitroalkenes, nitrones, cyclization of oximes, hydroxamates, and appropriately substituted O-, N-alkylhydroxylamines. In addition, several 1,2-oxazine containing compounds have been prepared via the following cycloaddition reactions: [4+2] hetero-Diels–Alder, tandem [4+2][3+2], domino [4+2][4+2][3+2], homo [3+2], and [3+3]. Very useful synthetic methods have been developed for the preparation of highly substituted nitrogen-containing compounds (amino acid esters, pyrrolidines, piperidine, and indolizidines) via reductive cleavage of N–O bonds. The most common reagents employed for such reductive N–O bond cleavage reactions are H2/Pd/C, Mg(Hg)/TiCl4, Al/Hg, Li/Hg, Na/Hg, and SmI2. The cis- or trans-4,5-dihydroxy-6H-1,2-oxazines are derived from 3,4-dihydro-6H-1,2-oxazines via OsO4 and epoxidation followed by ring opening by acid, respectively. The following reactions at the ring nitrogen of the 1,2-oxazine have been reported: N-alkylation, N-acylation, N-oxidation, etc. 1,4-Addition of alkyl- and aryllithium compounds to 1,2-oxazines proceeded without detectable interference of competing 1,2-addition to the CN bond. Several core ring transformations involving oxazines have been encountered in natural products and pharmaceuticals via ring expansion and ring contraction reactions.
US Immigration, Demography, and Citizenship in a Digital Age

What role has immigration played in crafting the current demographic fabric of the United States? What will future flows of the foreign-born mean for the future makeup of the country? To what degree are new foreignborn arrivals to the United States becoming citizens, a key indicator of integration? What does citizenship mean for immigrants and the country in the digital age? Answers to these and other related questions are central to understand immigration policy reform in the United States. Blending public-use data from the US Census Bureau and the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS), this paper presents a snapshot of demographic profiles and trends among the foreign-born (immigrant) population in the United Sates. The paper also examines US naturalization patterns as an indicator of civic integration of the foreign-born and discusses a set of barriers to naturalization within the framework of new scholarship on “digital citizenship.” The paper concludes by exploring several of the key implications of these findings by sketching two divergent potential immigration and citizenship policy pathways.
The role of the proteasome in AML

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is deadly hematologic malignancy. Despite a well-characterized genetic and molecular landscape, targeted therapies for AML have failed to significantly improve clinical outcomes. Over the past decade, proteasome inhibition has been demonstrated to be an effective therapeutic strategy in several hematologic malignancies. Proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib and carfilzomib, have become mainstays of treatment for multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. In light of this success, there has been a surge of literature exploring both the role of the proteasome and the effects of proteasome inhibition in AML. Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that proteasome inhibition disrupts proliferative cell signaling pathways, exhibits cytotoxic synergism with other chemotherapeutics and induces autophagy of cancer-related proteins. Meanwhile, clinical trials incorporating bortezomib into combination chemotherapy regimens have reported a range of responses in AML patients, with complete remission rates >80% in some cases. Taken together, this preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that inhibition of the proteasome may be efficacious in this disease. In an effort to focus further investigation into this area, these recent studies and their findings are reviewed here.
“Alcoholic” or “Person with alcohol use disorder”? Applying person-first diagnostic terminology in the clinical domain

ABSTRACTA recent publication by Broyles et al. has recommended extending the use of diagnostically accurate, person-first language (e.g., “person with alcohol use disorder”) as an alternative to non-diagnostic, idiosyncratic terms (e.g., “addict”, “alcoholic”) when describing individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) in academic publications. Given the high levels of stigma towards individuals with SUDs in both the public and professional community alike, however, the present commentary advocates for extending the use of appropriate terminology in the description of individuals with SUDs beyond the academic arena- i.e., clinical charting. The use of potentially stigmatizing idiomatic terms and descriptions (e.g., “clean”, “dirty”) in clinical charting is discussed with respect to: a) the lingering problem of the treatment utilization gap, b) modern conceptualizations of stigma and labelling among individuals with SUDs, as well as c) the emerging concept of structural stigma and how institutional sta...
Cardiac Dose and Survival After Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Early-stage Non–Small-cell Lung Cancer

Abstract Introduction Recent analyses have identified cardiac dose as an important predictor of overall survival (OS) after chemoradiation for locally advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the survival influence of the cardiac dose after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is unknown. We performed a dose–volume histogram (DVH) analysis of patients treated with SBRT for early stage NSCLC to examine survival and cardiac toxicity. Materials and Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients who had undergone SBRT for early-stage NSCLC from June 2007 to June 2015 and documented the cardiac DVH parameters, including the maximum and mean dose and percentage of volume receiving >5, >10, >20, and >30 Gy (V5, V10, V20, and V30, respectively). The biologically effective doses and 2-Gy equivalent doses were also calculated. The DVH parameters were assessed as predictors of OS using Cox regression analysis. Results We identified 102 patients with 118 treated tumors. At a median follow-up period of 27.2 months (range, 9.8-72.5 months), the 2-year OS estimate was 70.4%. The cardiac DVH parameters were as follows: maximum dose, median, 14.2 Gy (range, 0.3-77.8 Gy); mean dose, median, 1.6 Gy (range, 0-12.6 Gy); and V5, median, 8.7% (range, 0%-96.4%). We identified no correlation between OS and any cardiac dose parameter. No patient developed acute (within 3 months) cardiac toxicity. Four patients died of cardiac causes; all had had preexisting heart disease. Conclusion In our cohort, cardiac dose was not a predictor of OS after lung SBRT, despite a subset of patients receiving high maximum cardiac doses. The findings from our limited cohort showed that high doses to small volumes of the heart appear safe. Analyses of larger patient cohorts with longer follow-up durations are needed to better delineate the safe cardiac DVH constraints for SBRT.
A method for siding and sequencing human ribs

Siding and sequencing (that is, putting in anatomical order) human ribs are essential to the proper examination and documentation of injuries to the chest. The paucity of information regarding sequencing nonfleshed human ribs makes it particularly difficult for physical anthropologists and medicolegal authorities to differentiate the midthoracic ribs. It was found that ribs could be accurately sequenced without the aid of a comparative skeleton using such features as maximum (relative) rib length, the size and shape of the articular facets, the distance between the articular facets and rib angle, and the height of the rib heads relative to one another.
Use of Videoconferencing for Lactation Consultation: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey of Mothers' Acceptance in the United States.

Background:Suboptimal breastfeeding duration and exclusivity rates are a public health concern. Therefore, there is a need for identifying effective tools for use in interventions targeting specific barriers to optimal breastfeeding outcomes.Research aim:This study aimed to assess the relationship between acceptance of remote lactation consultation using videoconferencing and (a) maternal demographic factors, (b) technology acceptance subscales, (c) maternal learning style preferences, and (d) other potentially explanatory maternal factors.Methods:This was a cross-sectional, online study. English-speaking mothers of at least 18 years of age, with an infant age 4 months or younger, and who reported initiating breastfeeding were eligible to participate. Mothers were recruited from 27 randomly selected states. One hundred one mothers completed the survey, resulting in a response rate of 71%. The main outcome was acceptance of videoconferencing use for lactation consultation.Results:No significant differences...
Teaching Power an Aim in Professional Training

(1923). Teaching Power an Aim in Professional Training. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 63-66.
THE IMPACT OF CATARACT SURGERY ON DEPRESSION AMONG OLDER ADULTS: A PROPENSITY SCORE ANALYSIS

Cataracts is an eye disorder that is the leading cause of vision loss in the United States. Although individuals with cataracts typically undergo cataract surgery, the impact of this treatment on depression remains inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of cataract surgery on depression among older adults through a propensity score analysis. Data was retrieved from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), which surveys a nationally representative sample of older adults over age 50. The sample was restricted to individuals with cataracts, but have not previously undergone cataract surgery (n=182) in 2010. Depression was measured by the seven-item Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form (CIDI-SF) scale in 2012. Greedy matching and propensity score weighting were both conducted as a sensitivity analysis to estimate the effect of cataract surgery on depression. Through Poisson regression, both approaches were consistent in suggesting a statistically significant increase in depression scores following cataract surgery. Greedy matching indicated individuals who received cataract surgery were expected to have an incidence rate for depression scores 4.81 times that of individuals without surgery (p<.05). Propensity score weighting indicated an average treatment effect (ATE) incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 2.65 (p<.05) and an average treatment effect for the treated (ATT) IRR of 3.00 (p<.05) for individuals with cataract surgery. Our findings support previous studies in suggesting cataract surgery may exacerbate depressive symptoms in older adults. Therefore, further research is needed to understand factors contributing to increased depression following cataract surgery and how this can be prevented.
Practicing What We Preach in Teacher Education: A Critical Whiteness Studies Analysis of Experiential Education

AbstractIn this article I problematize the reasons for and methods through which I incorporated an opportunity for experiential learning, via a Community Inquiry Project, into my own teaching. I take the stance of a teacher-researcher to closely analyze the specific documents and tasks used to introduce pre-service teachers to the project. I draw on sociocultural approaches to teacher development and literature on experiential education in teacher education to provide a background for the project and the self-study and offer critical whiteness studies as an appropriate lens through which to analyze the various elements of the project. Findings from this study suggest that the project limited the pre-service teachers’ characterizations of community, understandings of sociocultural approaches to learning, relationships to the community, and perceptions of the role of community in teaching. I draw on these findings to suggest that teacher educators share their reflective practices with their students and lea...
Mechanical Circulatory Support Following Norwood Palliation

Historically, mechanical circulatory support for the newborn, particularly those with a single-ventricle physiology, such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome, has been limited to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The results using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation have been less than optimal, and the application of the Berlin Heart, the only pediatric ventricular assist device the Food and Drug Administration has approved to date, has also been unsuccessful. We present a compilation of techniques that can be applied to these infants. The key principle revolves around the cannulation technique (and cannula used), which involves the placement of an "aortic" cannula flush with the surface of the common atrium (avoiding any extracorporeal surface exposure within the heart chambers). Further, the application of a centrifugal pump allows for a quite effective decompression of the heart in this setting. Lastly, the described approach allows the provision of support in a rather simple fashion without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass support and without the need for a ventriculotomy.
Avoiding the pocket: A case report of coiling of distal shunt catheter into subcutaneous pocket

Abstract Introduction Hydrocephalus is one of the most common disorders of neurosurgery and ventricular shunting, the primary surgical intervention, malfunctions in 85% of patients by 10 years. Presentation of case Here we present a case of a 12-year-old girl with history of a vagal nerve stimulator (VNS) and ventricular shunt, most recently revised from ventriculoatrial (VA) to ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt at an outside hospital. The patient presented with a new left chest bulge, nausea, emesis, and seizures. Imaging revealed the patient’s distal shunt catheter to have completely migrated and coiled into the VNS subcutaneous pocket. Subsequently, the patient’s distal shunt catheter was externalized, and later internalized back to a VA shunt. Discussion Potential spaces from previous surgeries such as VNS can lead to coiling of distal shunt catheters. In this case, the coiled distal shunt catheter led to hydrocephalus and the patient’s presenting symptoms. Conclusion It is imperative to recognize patients with previous surgeries, especially those involving subcutaneous implants and to avoid passing of distal shunt catheters through these potential spaces.
Associations between maternal physical activity and fitness during pregnancy and infant birthweight

Abstract Prenatal physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of delivering infants with a birthweight ≥4000 g among normal-weight pregnant women, but evidence on the impact of maternal cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on birthweight remains equivocal among overweight or obese (OW/OB) pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between maternal prenatal PA and CRF and birthweight in OW/OB pregnant women. Data from a randomized controlled exercise intervention trial in sedentary, OW/OB pregnant women were used. Women with complete data (n = 89) on birthweight, peak oxygen consumption (at 17 weeks), and daily PA were selected for analyses. Multiple linear regression models were performed to determine the independent and joint associations of maternal PA and CRF with birthweight while adjusting for gestational age, weight gain, and group allocation. On average, participants were 32 years old, OW/OB (BMI 29.97 ± 7.14 kg/m2), unfit (VO2peak: 19.85 ± 3.35 ml O2 kg−1 min−1), and led low active lifestyles (6579.91 ± 2379.17 steps/day). Analyses showed that maternal PA (steps·day−1·month−1) (β = 0.03 g, 95% CI: -0.03, 0.08 g) and CRF (ml O2·kg−1·min−1) (β = −8.8 g, 95%CI: −42.2, 24.5 g) were neither independently nor jointly (β = 0.006 g, 95%CI: −0.005, 0.02 g) associated with birthweight. Maternal PA and CRF during pregnancy were not related to birthweight in OW/OB pregnant women. The limited variability in maternal PA and CRF and low dose of PA may explain the null findings of this study. Given the paucity of studies examining these relationships in OW/OB pregnant women, more research is warranted.
Hearing, Tasting and Smelling, and Feeling

This chapter presents an overview of the senses of hearing, tasting, smelling, and feeling. Human ears capture microvibrations of the air and analyze them for their frequency and intensity. From this, humans can perceive a rich spectrum of sounds that are interpreted in terms of pitch and loudness. The outer ear, eardrum and ossicles capture nearly all the mechanical energy of sounds and pass it to the cochlea where it is analyzed. Each frequency affects only particular parts of the basilar membrane. Sound localization requires both ears. At low frequencies the auditory system uses time differences to localize the sound source, whereas at high frequencies time differences and intensity differences are important. The gustatory system in the body processes oral stimuli that give the sensation of taste. Taste buds located in papillae of the tongue respond to salty, sour, bitter or sweet stimuli. The chemical characteristics of these stimuli are distinguishable by taste bud receptor cells. The somesthetic system is responsible for processing information on body state.
Advances in Cytogerontology

The field of research in aging has only recently emerged as a legitimate area for scientific inquiry. Twenty-five years ago only a few dozen people in the United States conducted research in gerontology. At that time the stigma of working in a field recognized for centuries as a black art commanded little scientific respect. Those using cell cultures in gerontological research 25 years ago were doubly damned because cell culture itself was then just emerging from condemnation as a black art.
Pilus-Mediated Clearance of Salmonella Typhimurium by the Perfused Mouse Liver

Most Salmonella isolated from animal hosts are piliated. While data are available to suggest that pili do not play a major role in the disease process per se (1), the role of these organelles in adherence of organisms to intestinal mucosa or deep tissue endothelium has not been systematically explored. For several years our laboratory has utilized a perfused liver model to explore the basic mechanisms involved in the early trapping and killing of selected microorganisms. We have established that the liver can trap Salmonella typhimurium and Candida albicans equally well in the presence and absence of plasma (2,3). Plasma is a requirement for the bactericidal activity of this organ and, at least for S. typhimurium, killing is dependent on a functional alternate pathway of complement (4). The results presented here describe the importance of type 1 pili in the trapping of S. typhimurium by liver. Type 1 pili are characterized as those which can agglutinate guinea pig red blood cells in a reaction which is sensitive to mannose. Both in vitro and in vivo data suggest that, while probably not the only surface antigen involved in trapping, pili are certainly one of the main adherence factors on the bacterial surface.
Obstetric and gynecologic causes of pleural effusions

Abstract Obstetric and gynecologic pleural effusions may occur in the setting of different diseases and conditions, early and appropriate recognition of the different etiologies of these effusions will aid in appropriate treatment management. In this paper we will give an overview of the different pleural effusion etiologies that may be encountered including catamenial hemothorax, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, the different Meigs' syndromes and benign peripartum pleural effusion.
Cost analysis of a store-and-forward teledermatology consult system in Philadelphia.

Background Store-and-forward (SAF) teledermatology (TD) has the potential to increase access to timely, high-quality care for underserved populations. However, the cost-effectiveness of TD for underserved populations is uncertain. Objective This study evaluates the potential cost savings associated with an SAF TD program implemented for an underserved population in the city health clinics of urban Philadelphia. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of SAF TD consultations for 700 outpatients managed in 12 Philadelphia primary care clinics. Primary care providers were asked to specify a treatment plan, as well as the type of care for the patient, in the absence of the TD service. Analysis compared the cost of each patient case with use of the TD consult model versus with conventional care. Results In all, 27% of in-person dermatology clinic visits (189 of 700) and 3.29% of emergency room visits (23 of 700) were avoided by using TD. Compared with conventional care, TD had a mean expected cost savings of $10.00 to $52.65 per TD consult. In sensitivity analyses, these estimated savings remained positive across a range of parameters. Limitations The cost analysis relies on several assumptions regarding the cost of care, and indirect costs were not included. Conclusion TD can be a cost-saving model while increasing access to dermatologic care.
Aptitude-by-Treatment Interactions in Research on Educational Interventions:

A common theme uniting articles in this special issue is a focus on aptitude-by-treatment interactions (ATIs). This timely and welcome focus allows the field to synthesize current substantive findings on ATIs in educational intervention research in both reading and math domains. In this methodological commentary, we begin by reviewing traditional approaches for detecting and reporting interactions in single-level and multilevel models. Next, we discuss some limitations of traditional approaches for theorizing about and modeling ATIs, and we suggest some solutions. These solutions include interpreting level-specific (unconflated) ATIs, understanding and ameliorating threats to adequate power for detecting ATIs, expanding focus beyond linear ATIs, and increasing the number of measurement occasions beyond two to allow use of a growth modeling framework for investigating ATIs. Incorporating some of these advances into future research can motivate new research questions about educational interventions and lead to new discoveries in the search for ATIs.
Rivals or Allies? A Multilevel Analysis of Cosponsorship within State Delegations in the U.S. Senate

The coordinated behavior of members of a state delegation to the U.S. Senate can provide constituents in a state greater representation in Congress. Despite this potentially improved level of repre...
Privacy and Security A Pedagogic Cybersecurity Framework

“Real” cybersecurity today devotes enormous effort to non-code vulnerabilities and responses. This essay proposes a Pedagogic Cybersecurity Framework (PCF) for categorizing and teaching the jumble of non-code yet vital cybersecurity topics. The PCF adds three layers beyond the traditional seven layers in the Open Systems Interconnection model. In the framework, Layer 8 is organizations, often studied in business schools. Layer 9 is government, often studied in law and public policy schools. Layer 10 is international, often studied in international relations programs. The PCF creates a 3x3 matrix that refines which institutions are involved in each area of cyber-vulnerability or response. Each of the three columns refines the sorts of institutions making the decisions. For each layer, Column A contains issues arising within the institution - the organization or nation. Column B contains issues defined by relations with other actors at that level. Column C contains issues where other limits arise from actors at the same layer of the stack. For students, the PCF provides context for how all the issues fit together, to ensure they understand the “big picture”. The framework also clarifies the scope of a cyber-curriculum. Some classes, for instance, focus primarily on how a CISO or company should manage a company’s risks (layer 8). Others are mostly about international affairs (layer 10), perhaps with discussion of national cybersecurity laws (Cell 9A). The PCF enables program directors and students to concisely describe the coverage of a cybersecurity class or curriculum. The 3x3 matrix clarifies a research agenda for those seeking to identify and mitigate non-code cyber problems. Researchers can develop an issue list for each cell, along with canonical readings to assign in general examinations. For cybersecurity practitioners, the sheer volume of issues identified in the 3x3 matrix drives home the growing significance of non-code issues – bad decisions in any part of the matrix can negatively affect cybersecurity. In sum, the PCF provides a parsimonious way to identify and develop a response to the growing number of non-code cyber risks. The 3x3 matrix visually categorizes and communicates the range of non-code cybersecurity issues. No longer can “real” cybersecurity refer only to technical measures. Instead, a large and growing amount of cyber-risk arises from problems at layers 8, 9, and 10. By extending the stack to these ten layers, we gain an effective mental model for identifying and mitigating the full range of these risks.
Beyond Standing: How National Security Surveillance Undermines the Reporter's Privilege and the Free Press

Challenges to national security surveillance pursuant to Section 215 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) are percolating throughout the federal courts. Section 215 authorizes the collection of “business records,” including telephony metadata, for an authorized investigation to obtain foreign intelligence information. Some of the challenges to the constitutionality of this statute raise interrelated First and Fourth Amendment claims, generally focusing on the chilling effect caused by surveillance and arguing that strict scrutiny ought to apply where First Amendment rights are at stake. Historically, the courts have held that Fourth Amendment requirements, when applied with “scrupulous exactitude,” are adequate to protect First Amendment interests. But what protections are in place when the Fourth Amendment’s warrant and reasonableness requirements do not apply? Although metadata surveillance does not trigger Fourth Amendment protections, it nonetheless has First Amendment implications. This Article addresses a discrete subset of First Amendment interests affected by surveillance: those of the press. In Part I of this Article, I describe and summarize the full panoply of ways in which national security surveillance harms the free press. Even the collection of non-content information, or metadata, can reveal a journalist’s sources and expose confidential relationships and communications. These harms, I argue, are not speculative and remote, but concrete and specific and therefore cognizable by the courts. In Part II, I argue that the Government’s position, frequently expressed in merits-stage briefing, that surveillance that is consistent with the Fourth Amendment per se does not violate the First Amendment is constitutionally and factually inadequate in cases brought by the press. In challenges that implicate both the First and Fourth Amendments, the law requires a “particularized analysis” of both claims. Challenges arising out of the independent press rights afforded by the First Amendment are distinct from more general challenges to surveillance based on chilling effects. The case for independent treatment of First Amendment rights is also supported by the text and history of the Privacy Protection Act of 1980 and the reliance of the “scrupulous exactitude” cases upon the adequacy of the warrant requirement to protect those rights. Finally, in Part III, I contend that when the Fourth Amendment’s warrant and reasonableness requirements do not apply, the First Amendment requires independent safeguards to fill the gap. I outline a few potential architectures for those safeguards and suggest that, while each of these structures have distinct normative appeal, the First Amendment requires, at a minimum, the opportunity for the press’s interests to be raised and litigated at a hearing before any court authorizing surveillance.
Formation of six carbon-carbon bonds in a one pot process. Generation of the dicyclopenta[a,e]pentalene ring system via the tandem Pauson-Khand reaction

Abstract The regiospecific synthesis of the four five-membered rings of a suitably functionalized parent system 11 of dicyclopenta[a,e]pentalene 2 has been accomplished via a tandem Pauson-Khand reaction in a one pot process.
Abstract 201: Results of the ANSWER Trial Using the PulseRider for the Treatment of Broad-necked, Bifurcation Aneurysms

Background: The safety and probable benefit of the PulseRider® (Pulsar Vascular, San Jose, CA) for the treatment of broad-necked, bifurcation aneurysms was studied in the context of the prospective...
Abstract 102: Molecular, Cellular and Systemic Mechanism of Nonlinear Dynamic Patterns of Ventricular Repolarization and Spontaneous Arrhythmic Sudden Death in Non-ischemic Heart Failure

Introduction: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the leading cause of death in USA. Heart failure (HF) confers high SCD risk, but most SCD victims do not have HF or well-defined genetic abnormalities. T...
Role of Hybrid SPECT/CT in combination with 99mTc-labeled RBC dynamic planar scintigraphy for acute non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding: Our experience

54 Objectives To present our experience with Hybrid SPECT/CT role in combination with 99mTc-labeled RBC planar scintigraphy in the outcomes of acute non-variceal gastrointestinal (GIB) bleeding. Methods Between July 2011 and October 2014, 48 TC-99m labeled RBC scintigraphy, along with Hybrid SPECT/CT performed on 47 patients suspected of acute non-variceal GI bleed were retrospectively analyzed. Scintigraphy was considered positive if there was a focus of increased activity that changes in location, increased in intensity over time. If the scintigraphy finding was equivocal/probable, then SPECT/CT was performed, at the discretion of the interpreting physician. Based on the results,care pathway could be mesenteric angiography, endoscopy/colonoscopy, surgery or conservative management. Results Total of 28 studies were positive for acute bleeding with accurate localization, by using a combination of planar and Spect/CT. 22 patients had mesenteric angiography, with only 3 positive cases and 1 was followed by surgery. 6 patients had endoscopy/colonoscopy, with only 3 positive cases. 20 studies which were read as probable/ equivocal for an acute bleed were confidently interpreted as definitely present or absent on the SPECT/CT. All the negative cases were conservatively managed. Aside from increased accuracy in localization, the other advantages include ruling out equivocal cases so as to aid in management. However, the potential disadvantages include misregistration, false localization due to strong peristaltic and antiperistaltic movements within the lumen pushing the Red blood cells from the bleeding site to another location , the additional time to acquire images, and slow rate of bleed in some cases that is not sensitive to catheter angiogram. Conclusions SPECT/CT has the ability to improve the identification and localization of GI bleeding, However this modality has potential disadvantages that may affect the outcome in certain cases
Hot Spots and Hot Moments for On-Plant Foraging by Ants Within the Flora of Warm North American Deserts

Diagnosing the variability in prospective inter-specific interactions informs both our understanding of particular species as well as how the ecological complex of which they can be a part are altered by their presence. This study uses empirical field descriptions, complemented by published floras and the resources at centers for species conservation, to explore macro-ecological patterns in interactions between plants and ants. I describe on-plant foraging by ants on 70 plant species (11 families, 29 genera) in the Sonoran Desert region, highlighting particular combinations of plant species, ontogenetic stages, and season where forager visitation is disproportionately high or low. Through my plant-ant association surveys, I find species-specific descriptions of on-plant foraging: (1) are qualitatively similar among sites (an arboretum and a wilder location), (2) can predict the activities of ground foraging ants at the patch scale (plant neighborhoods of 12 m2), (3) show plant community types within the warm North American deserts have diverging likelihoods of on-plant foraging, and (4) brief inspections can describe among-plant variation in likelihoods of visitation by ants as well as herbivores that can be deterred by ants.
The Role of the Solvent in the Condensed-Phase Dynamics and Identity of Chemical Bonds: The Case of the Sodium Dimer Cation in THF.

When a solute molecule is placed in solution, is it acceptable to presume that its electronic structure is essentially the same as in the gas phase? In this paper, we address this question from a s...
Booker T. Washington Delivers a Lesson from Socrates

This article examines a lecture that Booker T. Washington delivered to the Tuskegee literary society in order to argue for Washington’s place within a Black Socratic tradition. Readings of this obs...
The Positive Role of Shame for Post-exilic Returnees in Ezra/Nehemiah

While shame is often cast in a negative light as a response accompanied by destructive forces in modern culture, this article examines a different phenomenon and argues that shame plays an important positive role for post-exilic returnees in Ezra/Nehemiah. Shame can be progressive and edifying if it is oriented in the right direction. This article surveys key shame terms in Ezra/Nehemiah by examining בושׁ I in Ezra 8:22, בושׁ I and כלם in Ezra 9:6-7, חרפה in Neh 1:3; 2:17 and בוזה in Neh 3:36 (Eng. 4:4) for their semantics and concludes that shame plays a positive role in social control for the post-exilic returnees. Shame, in each of these cases, motivated the people of God not for bad but for good; it contributed to the rebuilding of the temple of the Lord, the rebuilding of the wall, and the restoration of a holy people to the Lord in the midst of fierce opposition.
Acoustic phonon spectrum engineering in bulk crystals via incorporation of dopant atoms

We report results of Brillouin—Mandelstam spectroscopy of transparent Al2O3 crystals with Nd dopants. The ionic radius and atomic mass of Nd atoms are distinctively different from those of the host Al atoms. Our results show that even a small concentration of Nd atoms incorporated into the Al2O3 samples produces a profound change in the acoustic phonon spectrum. The velocity of the transverse acoustic phonons decreases by ∼600 m/s at the Nd density of only ∼0.1%. Interestingly, the decrease in the phonon frequency and velocity with the doping concentration is non-monotonic. The obtained results, demonstrating that modification of the acoustic phonon spectrum can be achieved not only by traditional nanostructuring but also by low-concentration doping, have important implications for thermal management as well as thermoelectric and optoelectronic devices.
Core energy and regularization parameters of non-singular continuum theories of dislocations using atomistic simulations

The dislocation core is an important region as it controls many important properties of materials. Elasticity breaks down in the core and the stress, force, and energy diverge at the dislocation line. We consider three commonest methods employed in Discrete Dislocation Dynamics (DDD) simulations to eliminate these singularities: (1) considering a cutoff parameter, (2) spreading the Burgers vector (CAWB theory), and (3) using gradient elasticity. Each of these methods includes an extra length parameter to regularize the elastic fields. In this article, we show that these regularization parameters can significantly influence the results of the DDD simulations. We use atomistic simulations for mixed dislocations to find the radius and energy of the dislocation core and find the regularization parameter and its variations with the dislocation character angle in each of the three methods. We have also considered if an arbitrary constant is chosen for the regularization parameter how the core energy should be added to the simulation codes. We have concluded that while the core energy in classical elasticity with a cutoff parameter can be described by one parameter, the other two methods need two energy parameters (core energy of edge and core energy of screw) for describing the variation of the core energy with the character angle. We have shown that no regularization parameter can be selected for the CAWB theory or gradient elasticity if no core energy is included.
Surgical Treatment of Solitary Periarticular Osteochondromas About the Knee in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients: Complications and Functional Outcomes.

Background Solitary osteochondromas, or osteocartilaginous exostoses (OCEs), represent the most common benign bone tumor. Despite frequently causing symptoms about the knee in younger populations, there is minimal previous literature investigating surgical treatment. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients Results Two hundred and sixty-four patients (58% male, 81% athletes) underwent excision of a solitary OCE about the knee at a mean age (and standard deviation) of 14.3 ± 2.24 years. Fifty-five percent of the procedures were performed by orthopaedic oncologists, 25% were performed by pediatric orthopaedic surgeons, and 20% were performed by pediatric orthopaedic sports medicine surgeons, with no difference in outcomes or complications based on training. Of the 264 lesions, 171 (65%) were pedunculated (versus sessile), 157 (59%) were in the distal part of the femur (versus the proximal part of the tibia or proximal part of the fibula), and 182 (69%) were medial (versus lateral). Postoperatively, 96% of the patients returned to sports at a median of 2.5 months (interquartile range, 1.9 to 4.0 months). Forty-two patients (16%) experienced minor complications not requiring operative intervention. Six patients (2%) experienced major complications (symptoms or disability at >6 months or requiring reoperation), which were more common in patients with sessile osteochondromas (p = 0.01), younger age (p = 0.01), and distal femoral lesions as compared with proximal tibial lesions (p = 0.003). Lesion recurrence was identified in 3 patients (1.1%). Overall, the median Pediatric International Knee Documentation Committee (Pedi-IKDC) and mean Hospital for Special Surgery Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale (HSS Pedi-FABS) scores were 97 (interquartile range, 93 to 99) and 16.7 ± 8.15, respectively, at a median duration of follow-up of 5.8 years. Conclusions In our large cohort of pediatric patients who underwent excision of solitary knee osteochondromas, most patients were male adolescent athletes. Most commonly, the lesions were pedunculated, were located in the distal part of the femur, and arose from the medial aspect of the knee. Regardless of surgeon training or lesion location, patients demonstrated excellent functional outcomes, with minimal clinically important postoperative complications and recurrences, although patients with sessile lesions and younger age may be at higher risk for complications. Level of evidence Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Robots and emotion: a survey of trends, classifications, and forms of interaction

The use of emotion to drive robotic interaction continues to grow across a range of use cases, from social robotics to increased survivability. Nevertheless, these efforts remain isolated from each...
Structural characterization of a polycrystalline epitaxially-fused colloidal quantum dot superlattice by electron tomography

We analyze the 3D structure of a 120×38 nm disc-shaped region of a PbSe QD epi-SL using full-tilt high-angle annular dark-field electron tomography. The high spatial resolution enables determination of the center-of-mass coordinates of all 1846 QDs in the sample as well as the size and shape of the thousands of epitaxial connections (necks) between the QDs. A map of the neck network is used to quantify relationships between neck number (the number of necks each QD possesses), average neck diameter, QD location in the film, and the nearest neighbor inter-QD distance and distance distribution. An electronic model demonstrates how neck distribution and SL defects reduce charge mobility.
Cancer in People with and without Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Comparison of Risk Before and After Introduction of Direct-Acting Antivirals.

Background Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of liver cancer. The association of HCV infection with extrahepatic cancers, and the impact of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment on these cancers, is less well known. Methods We conducted a cohort study in a healthcare delivery system. Using electronic health record data from 2007-2017, we determined cancer incidence, overall and by type, in people with HCV infection and by DAA treatment status. All analyses included comparisons with a reference population of people without HCV infection. Covariate-adjusted Poisson models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios. Results 2,451 people with HCV and 173,548 people without HCV were diagnosed with at least one type of cancer. Compared with people without HCV, those with HCV were at higher risk for liver cancer (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR]=31.4, 95% CI=28.9-34.0), hematologic cancer (aIRR=1.3, 95% CI=1.1-1.5), lung cancer (aIRR=1.3, 95% CI=1.2-1.5), pancreatic cancer (aIRR=2.0, 95% CI=1.6-2.5), oral/oropharynx cancer (aIRR=1.4, 95% CI=1.1-1.8), and anal cancer (aIRR=1.6, 95% CI=1.1-2.4). Compared with people without HCV, the aIRR for liver cancer was 31.9 (95% CI=27.9-36.4) among DAA-untreated and 21.2 (95% CI=16.8-26.6) among DAA-treated, and the aIRR for hematologic cancer was 1.5 (95% CI=1.1-2.0) among DAA-untreated and 0.6 (95% CI=0.3-1.2) among DAA-treated. Conclusions People with HCV infection were at increased risk of liver cancer, hematologic cancer, and some other extrahepatic cancers. DAA treatment was associated with reduced risk of liver cancers and hematologic cancers. Impact DAA treatment is important for reducing cancer incidence among people with HCV infection.