cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computation of one and two electron spin-orbit integrals

Methods for the computation of one- and two-electron spin-orbit integrals over Gaussian-type basis functions are presented. We show that existing nuclear-attraction and electron-repulsion integral codes can be readily adapted for the efficient evaluation of spin-orbit integrals; in particular, one can take advantage of recent advances in the computation of derivative integrals. Recurrence relations for the nuclear attraction integrals are also developed.
A reappraisal of democracy in civil society: evidence from rural Senegal

Civil society is the space of uncoerced human association and relational networks formed for the sake of family, faith, interests and ideology. Supporters of civil society have argued that this conglomeration of networks and organisations has helped to fuel democratic aspirations and channel democratic demands in Africa. Proponents maintain that civil society serves as a counter to the actions of the predatory African state, which seeks to limit individual freedoms and to encroach on societal resources. By questioning the actions of state officials and by challenging state policies, civil society organisations can cause the state to be more accountable and transparent, and can facilitate a positive deconcentration of political power. A plural, vibrant civil society encourages political liberalisation and the development of a democratic and legitimate state. It is because the organisations of civil society promote democratic values among their members that they are able to challenge repressive state actions and facilitate democratic development. Since their members trust each other and feel that they have a say in group activities, democratic organisations are more unified and effective at achieving their political objectives.This article challenges these assumptions about civil society through an examination of rural Senegalese organisations. I argue that groups in civil society rarely teach their members democratic values because most associations do not practice legitimate, inclusive and accountable decision making. More often than not, social hierarchies and power relations that define how individuals of different genders and classes are to interact in the public realm limit democracy. As a result, civil society groups often become ineffective and disorganised, and cannot achieve their political, economic or social goals. The inefficiency and undemocratic nature of civil society have larger implications for democratic transitions in Africa.
Doomed from the start: what is the value of selecting a future dominant design?

This study investigates how important it is for a firm to select what turns out to be a dominant design in a technology-driven industry. Using the personal computer industry as a case study, this research shows that firms are not doomed when their entry design choices turn out to be ‘wrong.’ For early entrants, we found that switching to the dominant design is associated with increased chances of survival and market share. Contrary to our expectations, we found that even later entrants that switched to the dominant design also enjoyed higher survival rates and greater market position. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Age Bias in Laboratory and Field Settings: A Meta‐Analytic Investigation

A meta-analytic review of age-discrimination research from laboratory and field settings spanning the years 1963 to 1998 revealed a significant, yet modest overall effect size with younger applicants and workers evaluated more positively than older applicants and workers. The present predictions and findings were compared and contrasted with those from previous meta-analytic investigations by Kite and Johnson (1988) and by Finkelstein, Burke, and Raju (1995). A number of significant moderational relationships were revealed, including negative linear relationships between the relative generalizability of the research (in terms of participants, setting, and stimulus materials) and effect size. A significant negative relationship was also found between the publication year of a study and effect size. In addition, the type of design used (between-subjects vs. within-subject) and the specific type of dependent measures used to evaluate applicants and workers (e.g., potential for development, interpersonal skills, worker reliability and stability) were found to significantly moderate effect size. These results, along with suggestions for future investigations, are discussed.A
A tutorial approach to individualized instruction for an electronic computer aided design laboratory

This electronic computer-aided design (CAD) course (EET 320) moves the student from theoretical digital and analog circuits to the actual printed circuit board (PCB) design and layout as quickly as possible. Since the design of PCBs requires increasingly smaller board sizes and higher component densities, the utilization of extensive electronic CAD software packages is required to achieve circuit performance. These packages are windows- and menu-driven with many and varied options. Since each student works at his own computer and at his own pace with his own individual computer skills, a system of individualized instruction is required far a rapid introduction and fast-track development of these computer skills. Tutorials on (i) schematic capture, (ii) circuit simulation, (iii) PLD (programmable logic design) implementation, and (iv) PCB placement and routing on actual circuits advance skill levels rapidly. After going through these tutorials and circuit examples with step-by-step instructions, the student is ready to tackle more complicated circuits on an individual basis. Orcad CAD packages are used to implement all four main areas of this course. Using the PCB and integrated circuits, the actual circuit can then be constructed and tested. How well the actual circuit performs is the ultimate evaluation.
Africa's Unresponsive Democratization: the Relationship between Regime Type and the Quality of Life in Africa

Africa’s Unresponsive Democratization: the Relationship between Regime Type and the Quality of Life in Africa by Caryn Peiffer Claremont Graduate University: 2012 Scholars and policy makers alike argue that leaders of democracies should find it in their interest to provide high levels of social services due to a fear of being voted out of office. Yet, I find that Africa’s newer democracies provide levels of social services strikingly similar to what the continent’s existing non-democracies supply. This dissertation seeks to explain why this is the case. I start by exploring the determinants of Africa’s most recent wave of democratization, and find that much of Africa’s 1990s democratic wave can be attributed to changes in foreign circumstances rather than from pressures from domestic democratic movements. I argue democratization has become disassociated with social services on the continent because of this exogenous nature of political liberalization. Rather than institutionalizing electoral incentives to provide social services, leadership of exogenously derived democracies become principally accountable to the foreign actors for whom political change was meant to appease. However, foreign actors are effectively unable and unwilling to demand political reforms that will institutionalize a more responsive democracy. This dynamic threatens any electoral incentive a ruling party might have to produce higher levels of social services. I test this argument quantitatively and find support for the notion that exogeneity of political change has dampened the impact that democratization has had on social service delivery in Africa. Additionally, through in-country, qualitative fieldwork I examine how citizens demand social services and how the government responds to such demands in Zambia, a country whose democratization was heavily influenced by foreign pressure. There, I found that while there were important initial strides made by Zambia’s post-transition government to institutionalize a higher level of responsiveness in social services, later erosions in Zambia’s checks and balances undermined these gains. Finally, using Afrobarometer’s cross-national survey data, I explore what impact foreign influenced democratization has on citizens’ attachment to and satisfaction with democracy. I find that exogenously derived democratization has a small negative impact on people’s attachment to democracy and satisfaction with the way democracy works in their country. I conclude by discussing some of the policy implications of these findings.
Evaluation of water washes for the removal of organophosphorus pesticides from Maine wild blueberries.

Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are derivatives of phosphoric acid with a basic structure shown in Figure 1. The majority of OPs are insecticides and have been used extensively in agriculture, commercial and residential applications since the late 1970’s, when organochlorine pesticides began to fall out of favor (Organophosphate Fact Sheet, 1996). Although the use of carbamate insecticides has grown dramatically throughout the past decade, the OPs continue to be insect control staples, with worldwide sales topping $2.9 billion in 1992 (Agrow, 1994). The organophosphates tend to be much more toxic to vertebrate populations, but are also as effective and much less expensive than the carbamate class of insecticides.
Columns Braced in Nonprincipal Directions

This note is concerned with the flexural buckling of a prismatic column having a single brace not parallel to either of the principal axes of the column cross section. One way is which the condition could arise would be if a single angle compression member were braced in the direction of one of its legs. The principles governing variations of this problem are developed by considering the case represented by Fig. 1. The length of the column is l , the principle axes are x-x and y-y . The column is fixed at A and Free at B except for the brace BC which is in the x-y plane. It will be assumed that I x , the moment of inertia about the x-x axis, is smaller then I y , the moment of inertia about the y-y axis. The smallest value of the buckling load, P, is desired.
O(1)-Approximations for maximum movement problems

We develop constant-factor approximation algorithms for minimizing the maximum movement made by pebbles on a graph to reach a configuration in which the pebbles form a connected subgraph (connectivity), or interconnect a constant number of stationary nodes (Steiner tree). These problems model the minimization of the total time required to reconfigure a robot swarm to achieve a proximity (e.g., radio) network with these connectivity properties. Our approximation factors are tight up to constant factors, as none of these problems admit a (2 - e)-approximation assuming P ≠ NP.
Improved Visualization of Fat Body Cell Conditions and Abundance in the Southern Green Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Fat bodies are a crucial source of energy for insect survival and reproduction. Differing states, or conditions, of fat body cells and amounts have been previously reported for southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula L., but clear supporting images are lacking. Further, in ongoing studies elucidating the ecology of southern green stink bug in the southern United States, additional fat body cell conditions in the abdomen were observed that had not been previously reported, and findings are presented here. Four fat body cell conditions were characterized based on appearance as: (1) cloudy, white, and oily, (2) spongy, white; (3) spongy, yellow, and, (4) honeycomb. Amounts of fat body cells in abdomens were categorized as: abundant, intermediate, and lean. This report improves the sole extant schematic of fat body cell conditions by presenting images relating to newly identified fat body cells conditions, and provides the first visuals depicting the amounts of fat body cells that can be encountered in adul...
The multivariate polity or democratic fragmentation On Alessandro Ferrara’s The Democratic Horizon: Hyperpluralism and the Renewal of Political Liberalism

Alessandro Ferrara’s The Democratic Horizon: Hyperpluralism and the Renewal of Political Liberalism poses an important challenge to recent defenders of ‘realism’ in political theory and shows that a renewal of Rawlsian ideal theory is possible. Ferrara focuses on the contemporary condition of ‘hyperpluralism’, in which every comprehensive worldview and religion has to admit the equal validity of at least one other conception, and claims that only a ‘pluralist justification of pluralism’ can lead to a genuine revival of the democratic horizon. Naming such a project of democracy the ‘multivariate’ polity, he uses Rawls’ method of conjecture to show how such a justification strategy is possible. I argue that the multivariate polity may attain pluralism but not stability and may fail in securing democratic respect among equal citizens for each other’s point of view.
How critical are the van der Waals interactions in polymer crystals

van der Waals (vdW) interactions play a prominent role in polymer crystallization. However, density functional theory (DFT) computations that utilize conventional (semi)local exchange-correlation functionals are unable to account for vdW interactions adequately and hence lead to poor predictions of equilibrium structures, densities, cohesive energies, and bulk moduli of polymeric crystals. This study therefore applies two forms of dispersion corrections to DFT, using either the Grimme (DFT-D3/D2) or the Tkatchenko and Scheffler (DFT-TS) approaches. We critically evaluate the relative performance of these two approaches in predicting structural, energetic, and elastic properties for a wide range of polymer crystals and also compare it with conventional electron exchange-correlation functionals (LDA, PBE, and PW91). Our results show that although the conventional functionals either systematically underestimate (e.g., LDA) or overestimate (e.g., PBE and PW91) the lattice parameters that control the polymer interchain interactions in a crystal, the dispersion-corrected functionals consistently provide a better prediction of the structural parameters. In a relative sense, however, the D3 and TS schemes are superior to the D2 approach owing to the environment-dependent atomic dispersion coefficients implicit in the D3 and TS treatments (we do note though that the D2 scheme already constitutes a significant improvement over the (semi)local functionals). Our results not only elucidate the importance of dispersion corrections in the accurate determination of the structural properties of the prototypical polymers considered but also provide a benchmark for comparing other procedures that might be used for including vdW interactions in such systems.
Thermodynamics of Hole and Hillock Growth in Thin Films

This paper provides a thermodynamic analysis of hole and hillock growth in stressed thin films in simplified geometries. Two limiting cases were considered. In the first, matter is transported to (from) the growing hillock (hole) from (to) the surface of the film. In the second case, the material transported to (from) the growing hillock (hole) comes from (goes to) the interior of the film in the vicinity of the hillock (hole). When bulk relaxation is dominant, hillock growth is favored by a compressive stress in the film and hole growth is enhanced when the film is in tension. This is the commonly observed situation. On the other hand, when surface relaxation effects dominate, hillocks and holes can grow in either tension or compression.
Self-lipid specific T cells, restricted by CD1b, contribute to the development of hyperlipidemia-associated skin inflammation (BA11P.133)

Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, is associated with hyperlipidemia. While conventional T cells usually exacerbate psoriasis, the role of self-lipid reactive CD1-restricted T cells requires further study. CD1 molecules present lipid antigens to T cells and are divided in to two groups. Group 1 includes CD1a, CD1b, CD1c while CD1d belongs to group 2. Humans express both group 1 and group 2 CD1 molecules whereas mice only have CD1d. Thus, due to the lack of a suitable animal model, the role of autoreactive group 1 CD1-restricted T cells in hyperlipidemia-associated inflammatory diseases is unknown. To overcome this challenge, our lab generated mice that expressed human CD1b and a CD1b-autoreactive T cell receptor (hCD1Tg/HJ1Tg). hCD1Tg/HJ1Tg mice were crossed to the ApoE-/- background to examine the role of CD1b-restricted T cells in hyperlipidemia (hCD1Tg/HJ1Tg/ApoE-/-). Interestingly, hCD1Tg/HJ1Tg/ApoE-/- mice developed severe psoriasis-like skin inflammation characterized by T cell and neutrophil infiltration along with a Th17-biased cytokine milieu. They also showed significantly increased polar lipid accumulation in the skin as compared to hCD1Tg/HJ1Tg/ApoE+ mice. This suggested that the presence of excessive lipids in the skin resulted in activation of CD1b-autoreacitve T cells, leading to the onset of skin pathology. This work demonstrates that autoreactive group 1 CD1-reactive T cells might serve as a link between inflammatory processes and hyperlipidemia.
Unbundling and Law School Clinics: Where's the Pedagogy?

This article explores unbundling, also known as discrete task assistance and limited legal assistance, and the role it might play in a law school clinical program. After defining unbundled legal services, examples of which include pro se clinics, hotlines, and community education programs, the article outlines the advantages and disadvantages of such services offered on behalf of low- and moderate-income clients. The article then outlines the pedagogical disadvantages of providing unbundled legal services in law school clinics, which include limited skill development and the risk that law students will accept dual standards of representation for rich and poor clients. The article also outlines the pedagogical advantages of unbundled clinics, which include addressing the profession's resource allocation problem, experiencing ethical challenges, evaluating client results, exposure to alternative lawyer-client relationships, and the development of some lawyering skills. The article then utilizes a clinical and law student narrative to evaluate the merits of such clinics and their appropriateness for three hypothetical law students. Recognizing that some schools will incorporate unbundled clinics into their curriculum, the article concludes by describing a pedagogically sound unbundled clinic, with course components designed to overcome an unbundled clinic's limitations.
A new species of the stilt bug genus Gampsocoris from Senegal and new generic combination for Gampsocoris gomeranus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Berytidae)

Abstract The relationships the African genera Gampsoacantha Josifov and Stusak, 1987, Gampsocoris Fuss, 1852, and Micrometacanthus Lindberg, 1985 (Berytidae: Gampsocorinae) are discussed. Gampsocoris gomeranus Wagner, 1965, having a median anterior spine and three basal processes on the pronotum and a short, round antennal segment IV, is transferred to the genus Micrometacanthus (M. gomeranus, new combination). Gampsocoris linnavuorii, new species, from Senegal is diagnosed, described, and illustrated to help distinguish it from all other species of Gampsocoris. A checklist of African Gampsocorinae is given.
Food safety-related refrigeration and freezer practices and attitudes of consumers in Peoria and surrounding counties.

Government agencies have recently emphasized the importance of food safety. Reducing the risk of foodborne illnesses within the home requires American consumers to put government refrigeration and freezer recommendations into practice; however, little research has been conducted regarding the use of proper refrigeration and freezer storage practices by consumers. A random sample survey was conducted to examine attitudes and practices of proper refrigeration and storage techniques of consumers in Peoria County, Illinois, and to determine whether gender, age, education, and income level have an effect on these variables. Eighty-one of 500 random sample surveys mailed were returned between 10 January and 15 February 2005. The majority of the participants were female (56, 69.1%), were 50 to 59 years old (18, 22.2%), had a bachelor's degree (33, 40.7%), and had a reported total household income of $60,000 or greater (39, 91.4%). Average attitudinal scores indicated that participants thought it was important to...
Effect of coronary occlusion and reperfusion on myocardial blood flow during infarct healing.

Coronary occlusion (CO) of 1 h or longer causes transmural myocardial infarction (MI) in the rabbit. We studied how reperfusion of an infarct affected myocardial blood flow (MBF) acutely and after 3 wk of healing. CO was performed in rabbits for 60 or 180 min (n = 22) followed by reperfusion, and MBF to normal and infarcted zones was determined by radioactive microspheres. In a separate series (n = 23), MBF was measured at 21-25 days post-CO in three groups that had either permanent CO or reperfusion after 60 or 180 min of CO. MBF to the infarct was approximately 8 +/- 3% (+/-SE) of normal MBF (3.8 +/- 0.5 ml.min-1.g-1) during 60-180 min of CO but 3 wk later had increased to 33 +/- 6% of normal MBF (P less than 0.005). Reperfusion after 60 or 180 min of CO resulted in 74 +/- 6% and 41 +/- 5% return of normal MBF, respectively, but 3 wk later, MBF had decreased to 25 +/- 5% (P less than 0.001) and 24 +/- 4% (P less than 0.025) of normal MBF, respectively. Thus after 3 wk of postinfarction healing, MBF to the permanently occluded infarcts increased fourfold, whereas MBF decreased by 50% in the reperfused infarcts so that MBF to the scar tissue was comparable among the three groups and was not influenced by acute post-MI reperfusion.
Axiomatic Geometry and Applications

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses axiomatic geometry and its applications. The standard problem of a representation theorem for a given classical, synthetic axiomatic geometry corresponds to a representation theorem in the theory of measurement. A basic test of the adequacy of an axiom system for a particular branch of geometry is that it should lead to the desired numerical representation and the desired uniqueness theorem or automorphism group of representation. The problem of proving such a representation theorem is the same for a system of geometry as for a system of measurement. The only real difference is that in geometry, in contrast to the one-dimensional representation that is characteristic of measurement, one ordinarily expects a point to be represented by an n-tuple of real numbers where n is the dimension of the space. The intuitive basis for this within classical Euclidean geometry is apparent. There is no preferred direction, and consequently, there is no meaningful way of fixing a direction. However, there is a natural intuitive order to points on the line as represented by betweenness. A variety of axioms that are necessary and sufficient for characterizing order on the line in terms of betweenness can be found in the literature.
On the Capabilities and Limitations of OWL Regarding Typecasting and Ontology Design Pattern Views

In ontology engineering, particularly when dealing with heterogeneous domains and their subfields, legacy data, various data models, existing standards, code lists, and so forth, there is a frequently recurring need to express certain types of axioms that allow diverse representational choices interoperate. Some of these axioms, which we call typecasting axioms, point to limitations of the Web Ontology Language OWL, while others require best practice guides for the community. Here, we introduce these typecasting axioms and elaborate how such axioms can help the development of data integration using ontology and ontology patterns. We then conclude with a brief catalog of open research problems motivated by typecasting axioms, which may be of potential interest to both application developers and researchers working on logical foundations of OWL.
Pharmacogenetics in IBD

Maximizing the efficacy of IBD-directed therapies while minimizing their toxicity remains the principal objective in developing management strategies for IBD patients. Pharmacogenetics of Thiopurine S-methyltransferase has helped clinicians achieve these objectives targeted at patients receiving either 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) or azathioprine, both members of the thiopurine family. This drug-metabolizing enzyme influences the concentration of thiopurine reaching its target (pharmacokinetics). Currently, most IBD patients are treated as if they are homogenous. However patients would certainly benefit from being stratified into those that will or will not have a benefit from a therapy and further divided into those that will or will not have a toxic response to a therapy. The recognition and understanding of the factors influencing therapeutic response have the potential to allow clinicians and the pharmaceutical industry the ability to individualize dosing and administration regimens to maximize benefit and avoid toxicity.
THE SYSTEMS CONCEPT IN PLANNING FLIGHT TEST INSTRUMENTATION

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the systems concept in planning flight-test instrumentation. The basic functions of any particular flight test data acquisition program can often be satisfied by any one of several schemes. Instrumentation design under a systems concept requires extensive consideration of overall system and component performance, and must be based on a compromise of the best features of each subsystem. This chapter focuses on the need for this systems viewpoint in the planning of flight test data acquisition systems and to indicate the desirability of considering the data reduction and computation process as a part of the data acquisition system to take maximum advantage of the automatic data reduction aids that have been developed. There are eight significant factors that must be weighed at the beginning of any flight test program before beginning a detailed plan of the instrumentation system. These factors concern both aerodynamic and instrumentation facets of the problem. These factors can be summarized as follows: (1) number of items to be measured, (2) the dynamic response required of the measuring system, (3) the form of the final record that is desirable, (4) a system complexity that is tolerable, (5) the degree to which automatic data reduction and computation is both feasible and desirable, (6) the desirability of prerecording computation, (7) required accuracy for the aerodynamic data, and (8) the availability of equipment, facilities, and experience.
The Role of Cognitive Bias in Suboptimal HPV Vaccine Uptake.

* Abbreviations: HPV — : human papillomavirus MCV4 — : meningococcal conjugate Tdap — : tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis, adsorbed Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage in the United States is suboptimal, leaving many adolescents and young adults vulnerable to infection. In 2014, only 40% of girls and 22% of boys aged 13 to 17 years received all 3 recommended doses.1 This level of coverage results in 14 million US adolescents inadequately immunized against HPV. In sharp contrast, coverage for other vaccines that are also recommended for routine use in adolescents is substantially higher, including 88% for tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis, adsorbed (Tdap) and 79% for meningococcal conjugate (MCV4) vaccines. Many studies have demonstrated that a key factor hindering better coverage for HPV vaccine is lack of strong recommendations from clinicians.2 Clinicians have reported several reasons for this, including anticipated parental hesitancy, lack of perceived risk among their patients, and concern about the need for time-consuming conversations or discussions about sexual activity.3 Another factor that potentially limits higher coverage is clinicians’ cognitive biases against HPV-associated diseases. This topic is receiving substantially less (if any) attention in the scientific literature because it is not likely to be reported by clinicians themselves who may be unaware of the impact of these preconceived notions. HPV-associated diseases include 6 types of cancer and genital warts that cause a substantial amount of morbidity and mortality. The current burden of diseases … Address correspondence to Linda M. Niccolai, PhD, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT 06520. E-mail: linda.niccolai{at}yale.edu
Effect of Antifungal Treatment in a Diet-Based Murine Model of Disseminated Candidiasis Acquired via the Gastrointestinal Tract

Candida albicans, normally found as a commensal in the gut, is a major human fungal pathogen responsible for both mucosal and systemic infections in a wide variety of immunocompromised individuals, including cancer patients and organ transplant recipients. The gastrointestinal tract represents a major portal of entry for the establishment of disseminated candidiasis in many of these individuals. Here we report the development of a diet-based mouse model for disseminated candidiasis acquired via the gastrointestinal tract. Using this model, as well as an appropriate immunosuppression regimen, we demonstrate that dissemination of C. albicans from the gastrointestinal tract can result in mortality within 30 days postinfection. We also show a significant increase in fungal burden in systemic organs, but not gastrointestinal tract organs, upon immunosuppression. Importantly, we demonstrate that the administration of two widely used antifungals, fluconazole and caspofungin, either pre- or postimmunosuppression, significantly reduces fungal burdens. This model should prove to be of significant value for testing the ability of both established and experimental therapeutics to inhibit C. albicans dissemination from the gastrointestinal tract in an immunocompromised host as well as the subsequent mortality that can result from disseminated candidiasis.
Prognosis of Brain Tumours with Epilepsy

The prognosis of 560 patients with a clinical and CT diagnosis of intrinsic supratentorial brain tumour was examined retrospectively at the Department of Neurosciences, Walton Hospital, Liverpool, England.
Activation of necroptosis to overcome drug resistance in leukemia

The understanding of cell death mechanisms is crucial for the development and application of novel anti-cancer therapies to avoid or circumvent drug-resistance in refractory malignancies. Impairment of apoptotic cell death plays a major role in therapy resistance and relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. Therefore, efforts are being directed at new agents reactivating apoptosis or inducing alternative cell death pathways such as necroptosis, a regulated form of necrosis. In a recent study published in Science Translational Medicine we show that the IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis proteins) inhibitor birinapant potently induces cell death in patient-derived ALL cells in vitro and in vivo through a receptor-interacting protein kinase 1- (RIP1) dependent mechanism. To define the cell death modality induced downstream of RIP1, we used a multicolor lentiCRISPR approach that allows simultaneous knockout of multiple genes. We observed that apoptosis and necroptosis are induced simultaneously as the inhibition of both pathways is required to restore cell viability upon birinapant treatment. This induction of dual cell death makes birinapant and other IAP inhibitors interesting agents for the treatment of refractory or drug resistant malignancies.
Systems Mechanobiology of Cardiac Myocytes

Cardiac myocytes are sensitive to specific and distinct mechanical stimuli. We examined the effect of the major axis of biaxial mechanical stretch on cardiac myocyte gene expression and reconstructed a stretch signaling model to identify pathways and transcription factors regulating these responses. Neonatal cardiac myocytes were cultured on a micropatterned substrate, and the primary stretch axis was applied either parallel or transverse to the myofibril direction. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) after acute myocyte stretch showed a more robust response to longitudinal than to transverse stretch. After 30 minutes of stretch, 53 and 168 genes were significantly up- or down-regulated by transverse or longitudinal stretch, respectively. After 4 hours, the number of differentially expressed genes increased to 795 with longitudinal stretch but only 35 with transverse stretch. Genes regulated by both stretches showed significant enrichment of transcription factor activity and protein kinase activity, whereas longitudinal but not transverse stretch specifically activated genes involved in sarcomere organization and cytoskeletal protein binding. Network analysis using logic-based signaling model constructed from published data identified serum response factor (SRF) and myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) as critical regulators of longitudinal stretch-induced changes mediated by protein kinase C (PKC). cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) was found to be activated by both longitudinal and transverse stretch. Inhibitor experiments were used to validate these model predictions. Cardiac myocytes activate different pathways in response to transverse and longitudinal mechanical strain; these responses may underlie differential whole organ responses to pressure versus volume overload.
Quality of Well-Being Scale and Chronic Low Back Pain

Outcome measures that assess quality of life for use in health policy decisions need to be investigated in chronic pain patients. In the present study, the validity of the Quality of Well-Being Scale (QWB) was evaluated on 67 adult chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients who were enrolled in a 12-week multidisciplinary pain treatment program. Participants completed the QWB, a battery of pain measures, a behavioral observation task, and a medical exam. The findings indicated that CLBP patients have a low level of functioning or quality of life (M = .567, SD = .08) compared with persons with life-threatening diseases. The QWB score was significantly correlated with observational measures of pain behavior and pain-related coping strategies. Multivariate analysis indicated that interference in daily activities, distorted ambulation, affective distress, pain duration, and guarding were the most significant predictors of quality of well-being (multiple R = .84, p < .0001). Patients with medically incongruent physical signs had significantly lower QWB scores than patients with congruent signs. Overall, the data supported the validity of the QWB in a sample of CLBP patients.
Statistical Relational Learning: Unifying AI & DB Perspectives on Structured Probabilistic Models

Machine learning and database approaches to structured probabilistic models share many commonalities, yet exhibit certain important differences. Machine learning methods focus on learning probabilistic models from (certain) data and efficient learning and inference, whereas probabilistic database approaches focus on storing and efficiently querying uncertain data. Nonetheless, the structured probabilistic models that both use are often (almost) identical. In this tutorial, I will overview the field of statistical relational learning (SRL) [1] and survey common approaches. I'll make connections to work in probabilistic databases [2], and highlight commonalities and differences among them. I'll close by describing some of our recent work on probabilistic soft logic [3].
Orientation Control of Solution-Processed Organic Semiconductor Crystals To Improve Out-of-Plane Charge Mobility

The crystallization of a series of triisopropylsilylethynyl (TIPS)-derivatized acene-based organic semiconductors drop cast from solution onto substrates was investigated as a function of the size of their conjugated cores. When drop cast onto a substrate, the molecules in TIPS-pentacene crystals adopt a “horizontal” orientation, with the long axis of the pentacene core parallel to the substrate surface. For crystals comprising molecules with dibenzopyrene, anthanthrene, and pyranthrene cores, two-dimensional X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the existence of a second population of crystals adopting a “vertical” molecular orientation with the long axis of the acene core perpendicular to the substrate surface. The ratio of the population of TIPS-pyranthrene crystals with molecules adopting horizontal versus vertical orientations was controlled by varying the surface energy of the underlying substrate. These crystals displayed orientation-dependent linear birefringence and linear dichroism, as observed by...
Citation Worthiness of Sentences in Scientific Reports

Does this sentence need citation? In this paper, we introduce the task of citation worthiness for scientific texts at a sentence-level granularity. The task is to detect whether a sentence in a scientific article needs to be cited or not. It can be incorporated into citation recommendation systems to help automate the citation process by marking sentences where needed. It may also be useful for publishers to regularize the citation process. We construct a dataset using the ACL Anthology Reference Corpus; consisting of over 1.1M "not_cite" and 85K "cite" sentences. We study the performance of a set of state-of-the-art sentence classifiers for the citation worthiness task and show the practical challenges. We also explore section-wise difficulty of the task and analyze the performance of our best model on a published article.
Distribution and quantification of beta1-, beta2-, and beta3-adrenergic receptor subtype transcripts in porcine tissues.

Distribution and concentration of beta-adrenergic receptor (betaAR) subtype transcripts (beta1AR, beta2AR, and beta3AR) were investigated in porcine and rat tissues. Reverse transcription (RT) coupled with PCR indicated the presence of beta1AR and beta2AR transcripts in porcine left ventricle, lung, longissimus muscle, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The RT-PCR indicated that beta3AR transcripts were present in porcine subcutaneous adipose tissue, and transcripts were suggested in left ventricle and lung, but they were not detected in longissimus muscle. Quantitative ribonuclease protection assays indicated that the porcine beta1AR, beta2AR, and beta3AR transcript concentrations (amol/microg of total RNA) were, respectively as follows: heart left ventricle = 6.1, 2.4, and .02; lung = 3.8, 1.9, and .01; liver = 1.7, 2.1, and undetectable; skeletal muscle = 1.7, 1.1, .02; subcutaneous adipose tissue = 1.3, .4, .14. The proportions of porcine betaAR subtypes (beta1AR:beta2AR:beta3AR) were as follows: heart left ventricle = 72:28:.25; lung = 67:33:.2; liver = 45:55:0; skeletal muscle = 60:39:.7; and subcutaneous adipose = 73:20:7. Normalization of data to beta-actin transcript concentration did not change these relationships. Rat perigonadal adipose tissue beta1AR and beta3AR transcript concentrations were, respectively, .59 and 1.84 amol/microg of total RNA. The rat perigonadal adipose tissue concentration of beta3AR transcript was tenfold that of porcine subcutaneous adipose tissue. The predominant betaAR transcript in rat adipose tissue was beta3AR, and the predominant betaAR transcript in pig adipose tissue was beta1AR.
Capturing approximate relationships using fuzzy set dominance relations

Land use planning, particularly in suburban areas, is a specialized spatial resource allocation problem. Spatial relationships between regions in an image play an important role in scene understanding. When the objects in a scene are represented by crisp sets, the all-or-nothing definitions of the subsets actually add to the problem of generating relational descriptions. We believe that definitions of spatial relationships based on fuzzy set theory, coupled with a fuzzy segmentation could produce realistic results. This paper introduces spatial relationships among fuzzy subsets of an image plane. The idea is to project the fuzzy subsets onto two orthogonal coordinate axes and, subsequently, utilize fuzzy set dominance relations to capture the approximate relationships. Simulation results are provided to corroborate the theory.
Implementation of the HEART Pathway: Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research

Objective The HEART Pathway is an evidence-based decision tool for identifying emergency department (ED) patients with acute chest pain who are candidates for early discharge, to reduce unhelpful and potentially harmful hospitalizations. Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, we sought to identify important barriers and facilitators to implementation of the HEART Pathway. Study setting Data were collected at 4 academic medical centers. Study design We conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 key stakeholders (e.g., health system leaders, ED physicians). We conducted interviews before implementation of the HEART Pathway tool to identify potential barriers and facilitators to successful adoption at other regional academic medical centers. We also conducted postimplementation interviews at 1 medical center, to understand factors that contributed to successful adoption. Data collection Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. We used a Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research framework-driven deductive approach for coding and analysis. Principal findings Potential barriers to implementation include time and resource burden, challenges specific to the electronic health record, sustained communication with and engagement of stakeholders, and patient concerns. Facilitators to implementation include strength of evidence for reduced length of stay and unnecessary testing and iatrogenic complications, ease of use, and supportive provider climate for evidence-based decision tools. Conclusions Successful dissemination of the HEART Pathway will require addressing institution-specific barriers, which includes engaging clinical and financial stakeholders. New SMART-FHIR technologies, compatible with many electronic health record systems, can overcome barriers to health systems with limited information technology resources.
Goldsworthy on Interpretation of Statutes and Constitutions: Public Meaning, Intended Meaning and the Bogey of Aggregation

This chapter is for a festschrift in honor of Jeffrey Goldsworthy. Much of Goldworthy’s scholarship has been devoted to legal interpretation. I show the similarity and the difference between our views of legal interpretation.
Predictive Adaptive Streaming to Enable Mobile 360-Degree and VR Experiences

As 360-degree videos and virtual reality (VR) applications become popular for consumer and enterprise use cases, the desire to enable truly mobile experiences also increases. Delivering 360-degree videos and cloud/edge-based VR applications require ultra-high bandwidth and ultra-low latency [1] , challenging to achieve with mobile networks. A common approach to reduce bandwidth is streaming only the field of view (FOV). However, extracting and transmitting the FOV in response to user head motion can add high latency, adversely affecting user experience. In this paper, we propose a predictive adaptive streaming approach, where the predicted view with high predictive probability is adaptively encoded in relatively high quality according to bandwidth conditions and transmitted in advance, leading to a simultaneous reduction in bandwidth and latency. The predictive adaptive streaming method is based on a deep-learning-based viewpoint prediction model we develop, which uses past head motions to predict where a user will be looking in the 360-degree view. Using a very large dataset consisting of head motion traces from over 36,000 viewers for nineteen 360-degree/VR videos, we validate the ability of our predictive adaptive streaming method to offer high-quality view while simultaneously significantly reducing bandwidth.
There’s No Place Like Home: Finding Teachers in Your Backyard:

The current investigation surveyed 83 preservice teacher education candidates enrolled in institutions of higher education (IHEs) to pursue licensure in special education. The purpose of the invest...
Equation of state and thermodynamic properties of pure D2O and D2O+H2O mixtures in and beyond the critical region

A parametric crossover model is adapted to represent the thermodynamic properties of pure D2O in the extended critical region. The crossover equation of state for D2O incorporates scaling laws asymptotically close to the critical point and is transformed into a regular classical expansion far from the critical point. An isomorphic generalization of the law of corresponding states is applied to the prediction of thermodynamic properties and the phase behavior of D2O + H2O mixtures over a wide region around the locus of vapor-liquid critical points. A comparison is made with experimental data for pure D2O and for the D2O + H2O mixture. The equation of state yields a good representation of thermodynamic property data in the range of temperatures 0.8T c(x)≤T≤1.5T c(x) and densities 0.35ρc(x)≤ρ≤1.65ρc(x).
Retinal Oxygen Delivery, Metabolism, and Extraction Fraction during Long-Term Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Rats.

Retinal functional, biochemical, and anatomical changes have been previously reported in long-term experimental permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). The purpose of the current study was to investigate progressive reductions in retinal oxygen metabolism (MO2) due to inadequate compensation by oxygen delivery (DO2) and extraction fraction (OEF) after BCCAO. Twenty-nine rats were subjected to BCCAO and were imaged after 3 hours, 3 days, 7 days, or 14 days. Six rats underwent a sham procedure. Phosphorescence lifetime and blood flow imaging were performed in both eyes to measure retinal oxygen contents and total retinal blood flow, respectively. DO2, MO2, and OEF were calculated from these measurements. Compared to the sham group, DO2 and MO2 were reduced after all BCCAO durations. OEF was increased after 3 hours and 3 days of BCCAO, but was not different from the sham group after 7 and 14 days. Between 3 and 7 days of BCCAO, DO2 increased, OEF decreased, and there was no significant difference in MO2. These findings may be useful to understand the pathophysiology of retinal ischemia.
A Review of Point Set Topology

This chapter contains a review of the topological concepts necessary for studying differential geometry and includes the following material: 1. The definition of a topological space in terms of open sets; 2. The definition of a basis for a topology; 3. The definition of the subspace topology; 4. The definition of the product topology; 5. The definition of continuity and notion of a homeomorphism; 6. The definition of a limit of a sequence; 7. The definition of connectivity and path-wise connectivity; 8. The definition of compactness; 9. The definition of the quotient topology.