cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, molecular structure, and magnetic properties of tetraphenylarsonium bis(itcis-1,2-dicarbomethoxyethylenedithiolato)nickelate(III)

Abstract The preparation and characterizaton by single crystal X-ray diffraction and electron paramagnetic resonance studies of (C6H5)4As[Ni(S2C2(COOCH3)2)2] is described. Crystals of the complex belong to the triclinic space group P 1 , with a = 10.968(3) A, b = 11.218(3) A, c = 15.561(5) A, α = 86.07(4)°, β = 82.71(4)°, γ = 82.07(3)°, and ϱcalcd = 1.509 g cc−1 for Z = 2. The asymmetric unit contains the entire tetraphenylarsonium cation and two half anions; the nickel atoms being located on the inversion centers at (0,0,0) and (1/2,1/2,1/2). The salient structural features include and average NiS distance of 2.129(6) A, an average intraligand SNiS angle of 92.3(2)°, and intra- and interligand S⋯S separations of 3.060(9) A and 2.965(8) A, respectively. The two unique anions in the unit cell are nearly orthogonal and are separated by 12.14 A. Although the two independent anions are only crystallographically required to be centrosymmetric, the immediate coordination geometry for both closely approximates D2h symmetry, and the point symmetry for one complete anion is close to C2h. The principal molecular g values determined from the single crystal EPR measurements are gx = 2.063, gy = 2.151, gz = 1.986, where x and y bisect the intraligand and interligand SNiS angles respectively. These values are in accord with the electronic structural features previously described for such square planar species.
Correlation function decay in linear continuum systems

Abstract In this paper, written for the volume commemorating the sixtieth birthday of Michael Fisher, I reexamine the long-range decay of the pair correlation function in one-dimensional continuum models where attractive and repulsive potentials are present together. I argue that the correlation function decay goes effectively from monotonic to oscillatory at a pseudo-phase-transition from a gas-like phase of clusters to a liquid-like phase. Though there is no actual discontinuity, this pseudo-phase-transition resembles an “anomalous first order phase transition”.
An analytical technique for bulk power system reliability evaluation

Abstract The increasing size and complexity of power systems, coupled with present day financial constraints, have made the use of probabilistic methods and reliability indices a necessity in order to maintain the continuity and quality of service to customers. For the combined generation and transmission system, that is, the bulk power system, concepts and models for reliability analysis are not as well established as they are for the generation or distribution systems. This paper presents a technique based on tie sets for computing the reliability indices such as probability of system failure for bulk power systems. The power system network is modelled as a transportation network so that the constraints on the real power flow in each line of the network are observed. The problem of bulk power system transmission reliability is then viewed as a reliability evaluation of a multinode capacitative network. A path set is defined to be the paths or combination of paths from the input node to the output node of a power system network such that the total system load is satisfied. In this method an upper bound to the probability of system failure is computed. A computer program has been developed to implement this method on a (DEC) VAX 11/785 computer. The performance of the method is analyzed with respect to the reliability of transmission lines as well as the magnitude of the system load.
Mechanisms of hypercalcemia in malignancy

Various hormones have been implicated in the genesis of hypercalcemia in patients with malignancy. Ectopic secretion of PTH by tumor has been documented in only a few patients; rather, elevated levels of circulating iPTH have been presumed to reflect tumor production of hormone in most patients. Small fragments of PTH, as well as polypeptides larger than native PTH, have been described; their biological roles are unclear. The pattern of immunoreactivity, however, has been used to differentiate patients with ectopic hyperparathyroidism from patients with concomitant primary hyperparathyroidism. Vitamin D-like sterols produced by breast cancer seldom reach plasma levels necessary for physiological effects. Members of the prostaglandin family have been proposed to induce hypercalcemia through osteoclast activation or alteration of the immune system and also to affect the frequency of bone metastases. At present, no direct evidence is available to prove a direct role for these effects and prostaglandins are most useful as possible indicators of disease activity.
Post-translational Processing in the Golgi Plays a Critical Role in the Trafficking of the Luteinizing Hormone/Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor to the Cell Surface

Abstract Point mutations in the luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin (LH/hCG) receptor have been shown to cause constitutive activation which results in precocious puberty in affected males. We introduced one of these mutations, Asp-556 → Gly, into the rat LH/hCG receptor and demonstrated that the mutant receptor constitutively activated adenylate cyclase in transfected 293 T cells. The cell surface expression of the mutant receptor was lower than that of the wild type receptor. Pulse-chase studies showed that the 73-kDa precursor of both the mutant and wild type receptors was synthesized at comparable efficiencies. However, post-translational processing of the mutant receptor to the mature 92-kDa form, which has N-linked complex type oligosaccharide chains, was impaired. Sensitivity of the mutant receptor to peptide-N-glycanase F and endoglycosidase H, and insensitivity to sialidase indicated that the 73-kDa species represents the high mannose form that has not yet been trafficked through the medial and trans Golgi. Additionally, although the wild type receptor was palmitoylated, the mutant receptor was not. Although the high mannose 73-kDa species is capable of binding LH/hCG, our results show that post-translational processing in the Golgi is required for the mature 92-kDa receptor to reach the cell surface.
Electron-beam fluorescence from the A2Πu → X2Πg and B2∑u+ → X2Πg transitions of CO2+

Abstract The electron beam fluorescence from the A 2 Π u → X 2 Π g and B 2 ∑ u + → X 2 Π g transitions of CO 2 + was analyzed spectroscopically to develop diagnostic tools for rotational temperature and density measurements of CO 2 in a simulated Martian atmosphere. The (100-100), (200-100/020), and (300-200) vibrational bands were included in a theoretical model of the CO 2 + A 2 Π u → X 2 Π g electron-impact fluorescence between 337 and 341 nm for temperature measurements. Franck-Condon factors for these vibrational bands were determined by a fit to the experimental spectrum. Comparison of the spectroscopic model with experimental spectra indicates that it is necessary to include Renner-Teller and Fermi resonance perturbations. The B 2 ∑ u + → X 2 Π g (000-000) band was spectroscopically modeled and was found to be unsuitable for use in temperature measurements due to low temperature resolution of this transition. Density measurements were made using both systems with corresponding quenching cross-sections, σ q , of 180 A 2 for the A 2 Π u state ( υ 1 = 1, 2, and 3) and 280 A 2 for the B 2 ∑ u + state ( υ ′ 1 = 0).
Comparison of low-cost and engineered materials for phosphorus removal from organic-rich surface water

Abstract Excess phosphorus (P) in lakes and rivers remains a major water quality problem on a global scale. As a result, new materials and innovative approaches to P remediation are required. Natural materials and waste byproduct materials from industrial processes have the potential to be effective materials for P removal from surface water. Advantages of natural and waste byproduct materials include their low-cost, abundant supply, and minimal preparation, especially compared with engineered materials, such as ion exchange resins and polymeric adsorbents. As a result, natural and waste byproduct materials are commonly referred to as low-cost materials. Despite the potential advantages of low-cost materials, there are critical gaps in knowledge that are preventing their effective use. In particular, there are limited data on the performance of low-cost materials in surface waters that have high concentrations of natural organic matter (NOM), and there are no systematic studies that track the changes in water chemistry following treatment with low-cost materials or compare their performance with engineered materials. Accordingly, the goal of this work was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of low-cost and engineered materials for P removal from NOM-rich surface water. Seven low-cost materials and three engineered materials were evaluated using jar tests and mini-column experiments. The test water was a surface water that had a total P concentration of 132–250 μg P/L and a total organic carbon concentration of 15–32 mg C/L. Alum sludge, a byproduct of drinking water treatment, and a hybrid anion exchange resin loaded with nanosize iron oxide were the best performing materials in terms of selective P removal in the presence of NOM and minimum undesirable secondary changes to the water chemistry.
Native Aortic Valve Infective Endocarditis Caused by Streptococcus agalactiae in a Renal Transplant Recipient

Infections with Streptococcus agalactiae or group B Streptococcus (GBS) are usually seen during pregnancy or in the neonatal period. The authors report a case of GBS aortic valve endocarditis in a renal transplant patient. GBS endocarditis is often aggressive despite appropriate therapy. The reported patient required prolonged antibiotics and valve replacement. To the authors' knowledge, this is the only reported case of GBS endocarditis in a renal transplant patient.
The new Aladdin control system

Abstract The preliminary design of the new control system for the Aladdin electron-storage-ring light source was described at the Los Alamos workshop [Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A247 (1986) 100] and an updated report was given at the Villars conference [J.P. Stott and D.E. Eisert, CERN Yellow Report, to be published]. The new system is now almost completely installed and this paper is a final report on the project. The major features of the system are the following: • - commercial hardware is used throughout the computer, network and microcomputer systems; • - the operator consoles and the device-control microcomputers are linked by Ethernet; • - VAXstations with keyboard and track-ball input devices are used in the operator consoles; • - the microcomputers use 68000-based single-board computers and VMEbus backplanes; • - the main magnet power supplies contain intelligent controllers which are linked to a microcomputer by a multidrop serial link; • - the microcomputer software is developed on the VAXstations; it is downloaded into RAM and debugged over the Ethernet before being burned into EPROMs for operational use. This paper describes the design of the system, highlighting changes from the previous proposals, and discusses the aspects which allowed the control system of an operating facility to be rebuilt without requiring or causing any significant downtime. The performance of the new system and possible future improvements are also discussed.
Electrodiffusion Model Simulation of Rectangular Current Pulses in a Voltage-Biased Biological Channel

Numerical methods are presented for simulating stochastic-in-time current pulses for an electrodiffusion model of the biological channel, with a fixed applied voltage across the channel. The electrodiffusion model consists of the parabolic advection–diffusion equation coupled either to Gauss’ law or Poisson’s equation, depending on the choice of boundary conditions. The TRBDF2 method is employed for the advection–diffusion equation. The rectangular wave shape of previously simulated traveling wave current pulses is preserved by the full set of partial differential equations for electrodiffusion. r 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Obstruction in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: How Often Does It Occur? Should It Be Treated? If So, How?

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common monogenic cardiac disorder and has been estimated to occur in 1 of every 500 people in the general population, amounting to a total of ≈600 000 persons in the United States.1 Its pathophysiology and optimal management have been the subject of conjecture and debate for more than a century. The issues surrounding left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction in HCM have evoked the most discussion. Article see p 2374 In 1907, a German pathologist, A. Schminke, described 2 hearts from women in their mid-50s. Decades before the development of left heart catheterization, and before any pressure gradients had ever been measured in humans, he wrote the following: “Diffuse muscular hypertrophy of the left ventricular outflow tract causes an obstruction. The left ventricle has to work harder to overcome the obstruction. So, the primary hypertrophy will be accompanied by a secondary hypertrophy, causing an incremental (further) narrowing of the outflow tract.”2 Thus, Schminke presciently understood the vicious circle of left hypertrophy → obstruction → more hypertrophy, etc. A half century later, Morrow and I, despite having access to left heart catheterization (but not being aware of Schmincke's insight), struggled to explain our findings in 2 patients who had subaortic pressure gradients but no evidence of obstruction in the potassium citrate–arrested heart, a condition which we initially (and awkwardly) termed functional aortic stenosis.3 However, we did conclude “that the obstruction can only be explained by muscular hypertrophy of the left ventricular outflow tract.”3 As open-heart surgery exploded in …
Tryptophan-heme π-electrostatic interactions in cytochrome f of oxygenic photosynthesis

Cytochrome f of oxygenic photosynthesis has an unprecedented structure, including the N-terminus being a heme ligand. The adjacent N-terminal heme-shielding domain is enriched in aromatic amino acids. The atomic structures of the chloroplast and cyanobacterial cytochromes f were compared to explain spectral and redox differences between them. The conserved aromatic side chain in the N-terminal heme-shielding peptide at position 4, Phe and Tyr in plants and algae, respectively, and Trp in cyanobacteria, is in contact with the heme. Mutagenesis of cytochrome f from the eukaryotic green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii showed that a Phe4 → Trp substitution in the N-terminal domain was unique in causing a red shift of 1 and 2 nm in the cytochrome Soret (γ) and Q (α) visible absorption bands, respectively. The resulting α band peak at 556 nm is characteristic of the cyanobacterial cytochrome. Conversely, a Trp4 → Phe mutation in the expressed cytochrome from the cyanobacterium Phormidium laminosum caused a blue ...
F + and F ′ Centers in Magnesium Oxide

Single crystals of MgO have been additively colored by heating them in Mg vapor at temperatures from 1600 to 1800\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and pressures up to 4000 Torr. The ${F}^{+}$ and ${F}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ optical absorption bands (due to anion vacancies containing one and two electrons, respectively) were observed to be extremely similar but distinguishable, and were observed at liquid-nitrogen temperature to peak at 4.96 and 5.03 eV, respectively. The oscillator strength for the ${F}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ center is estimated to be 0.70\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05. A photoconversion process ${F}^{+}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ was studied. The luminescence bands for these centers were observed at 3.1 and 2.4 eV, respectively. The density of ${F}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ centers ${N}_{{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}}$ produced by the additive coloring process was observed to be related to the density of atoms in the vapor ${N}_{\mathrm{Mg}}$ by the equation ${N}_{{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}}=1270{N}_{\mathrm{Mg}}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{Q}{\mathrm{kT}}}$, where $Q=1.53$ eV. The temperature dependence of these two bands was measured and is discussed.
Do Sex, Sex-Role Orientation, and Exposure to Gender-Congruent Therapy Models Influence Receptivity to Psychotherapy?.

Abstract This study had two objectives. The first objective was to evaluate how well sex and sex-role orientation predicted receptivity to psychotherapy. The second objective was to evaluate whether exposure to gender-congruent therapy videos influenced participants' receptivity to psychotherapy. Participants were randomly assigned to three conditions: (1) exposure to a more masculine form of therapy, (2) exposure to a more feminine form of therapy, or (3) a control condition. Although both sex and sex-role orientation were significant predictors, sex-role orientation (femininity) emerged as the best predictor of attitudes toward psychotherapy. However, only participant sex (female) predicted willingness to refer oneself to therapy. Contrary to our expectations, neither sex nor femininity interacted with the experimental manipulations in influencing receptivity to psychotherapy. Implications of these findings for clinicians employed in university counseling centers are presented.
A closer look at the value proposition for endobronchial ultrasound.

It is diffi cult to argue against the clinical usefulness of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS). Moreover, the benefi ts of EBUS extend beyond the clinical scope of the patient, lowering the cost burden on the health-care system. 1 However, the analysis by Pastis et al 2 in an issue of CHEST (February 2012) of its financial impact leaves much to be desired in offering a realistic assessment. Market conditions must be uniquely assessed when determining whether to invest in new technology or services. In this case, the strong reputation of the investigating institution likely created favorable conditions for an investment in EBUS to be successful. The primary fl awed assumption in this model was that patients were referred strictly based on the presence of EBUS. No verifi cation for this premise is offered (eg, questionnaire of patient or referring physician), and for this particular institution and catchment area there was no comparable alternative, suggesting perhaps these patients would have come to this institution based on a strong reputation independent of technology available. When deciding if any fi gure, in this case $ 2.4 million, is truly meaningful and applicable to other settings, other considerations must be addressed. Opportunity cost 3 —in time and lost revenues from other services (eg, mediastinoscopy)—must be accounted for. Using EBUS is a highly refined skill, and the time a practitioner devotes to proper training is not free. As pointed out in the editorial by Kovitch 4 in the same issue of CHEST (February 2012), time spent on EBUS procedures could otherwise be spent on other billable activities. Discount rate must be used to account for net present value of future revenues. This issue is of signifi cance because revenues are when compared with radiographs for the detection of pneumothorax. We agree that further research in this area may clarify the issue.
Using the Taguchi paradigm for manufacturing design using simulation experiments

Abstract In this research, the use of a methodology for the design of robust manufacturing systems using computer simulation experiments was demonstrated. An overview of relevant research in related areas was given. A brief description of the Taguchi approach as applied to simulation based design studies was presented. In view of some of the limitations of the Taguchi method, a few modifications were suggested to improve this method. The concepts and methods described were illustrated through an example from the Discrete Part Manufacturing Domain. A few avenues for potential future research were outlined. It is our belief that the concepts presented here can have a significant impact on large scale design and problem solving involving design modifications .
Biological pacemaker created by percutaneous gene delivery via venous catheters in a porcine model of complete heart block.

Background Pacemaker-dependent patients with device infection require temporary pacing while the infection is treated. External transthoracic pacing is painful and variably effective, while temporary pacing leads are susceptible to superinfection. Objective To create a biological pacemaker delivered via venous catheters in a porcine model of complete heart block, providing a temporary alternative/adjunct to external pacing devices without additional indwelling hardware. Methods Complete atrioventricular (AV) nodal block was induced in pigs by radiofrequency ablation after the implantation of a single-chamber electronic pacemaker to maintain a ventricular backup rate of 50 beats/min. An adenoviral vector cocktail (K AAA + H2), expressing dominant-negative inward rectifier potassium channel (Kir2.1AAA) and hyperpolarization-activated cation channel (HCN2) genes, was injected into the AV junctional region via a NOGA Myostar catheter advanced through the femoral vein. Results Animals injected with K AAA + H2 maintained a physiologically relevant ventricular rate of 93.5 ± 7 beats/min (n = 4) compared with control animals (average rate, 59.4 ± 4 beats/min; n=6 at day 7 postinjection; P AAA + H2 group compared with the control ( P AAA + H2 (or its individual vectors) into the ventricular myocardium failed to elicit significant pacemaker activity. Conclusions The right-sided delivery of K AAA + H2 to the AV junctional region provided physiologically relevant biological pacing over a 14-day period. Our approach may provide temporary, bridge-to-device pacing for the effective clearance of infection prior to the reimplantation of a definitive electronic pacemaker.
On the relationship between low cloud variability and lower tropospheric stability in the Southeast Pacific

Abstract. In this study, we examine marine low cloud cover variability in the Southeast Pacific and its association with lower-tropospheric stability (LTS) across a spectrum of timescales. On both daily and interannual timescales, LTS and low cloud amount are very well correlated in austral summer (DJF). Meanwhile in winter (JJA), when ambient LTS increases, the LTS–low cloud relationship substantially weakens. The DJF LTS–low cloud relationship also weakens in years with unusually large ambient LTS values. These are generally strong El Nino years, in which DJF LTS values are comparable to those typically found in JJA. Thus the LTS–low cloud relationship is strongly modulated by the seasonal cycle and the ENSO phenomenon. We also investigate the origin of LTS anomalies closely associated with low cloud variability during austral summer. We find that the ocean and atmosphere are independently involved in generating anomalies in LTS and hence variability in the Southeast Pacific low cloud deck. This highlights the importance of the physical (as opposed to chemical) component of the climate system in generating internal variability in low cloud cover. It also illustrates the coupled nature of the climate system in this region, and raises the possibility of cloud feedbacks related to LTS. We conclude by addressing the implications of the LTS–low cloud relationship in the Southeast Pacific for low cloud feedbacks in anthropogenic climate change.
Social predictors of depression symptom severity in a sample of African American mothers

Introduction: Postpartum depression is a highly prevalent and disabling condition with significant public health implications; it is known to have an intergenerational component and it affects women of color and of low socioeconomic status disproportionately. As research has suggested that depression symptom severity and duration may impact intergenerational transmission, we sought to determine factors associated with high symptom severity (HSS) in a sample of African American mothers. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, participants (N=208) were interviewed about sources of support, resilience, stressful life events, and socio-demographics. All women were screened for depression using the CESD. The associations of sociodemographic and support variables with symptom severity were analyzed. Results: 27% of all respondents screened positive for depression symptomatology (CESD≥16). K-means cluster analysis revealed two classes of women with depressive symptomatology. Results of logistic regression showed that women who were employed had an increased risk (OR=6.32) of experiencing HSS. Education and incomewere not significant risk factors. Support protected against HSS (OR=.93), but the presence of a partner in the home had no effect. Discussion: Variability in postpartum symptom severity is consistent with previous research although this research is novel in that it distinguishes between two groups of African American mothers who are above clinical cut-off for depression. This finding is important because different manifestations of maternal depression may have differential impacts on infant development and on marriage or family functioning. The role of employment on symptom severity has several possible explanations. One theory is that paid employment for the mother during her infant's first year can be egodystonic. The psychological distress evidenced in elevated CESD scores also could point towards adjustment disorderswith depressed affect. Employedmothers may have more invested in their work identity than non-employed mothers, which may create a need for greater adjustment postpartum.
Situating Disability within Comparative Education: A Review of the Literature.

This paper is an inquiry into wherethe topic of disability falls within the vast field of comparative education research. It explores the extent to which disability is present in comparative education literature, and in what ways it is represented. A review of literature across the core comparative education peer-reviewed journals was conducted. Findings show that a limited number of studies in comparative education have examined students with disabilities, but numbers have increased in recent years. Additionally, two major themes emerged fromthe literature: (1) social interpretations of disability, and (2) global versus local. The findings are discussed in terms of implications for inclusive education and future research.
Skin discoloration with blue food coloring.

OBJECTIVE:To describe a pediatric patient who developed a clinical cyanotic appearance after receiving an excessive amount of blue food coloring.CASE SUMMARY:An 11-year-old white girl with cerebral palsy was admitted for unresolving aspiration pneumonia and dehydration. Antibiotics and intravenous fluids were administered. During the hospital course, enteral nutrition containing blue food coloring was also administered. Twelve hours after the start of enteral nutrition, the patient appeared cyanotic despite a regular respiratory rate and normal oxygen saturation. The pediatric code response team was called. Enteral nutrition was stopped and then restarted without blue food coloring. Over the next 24 hours, the cyanotic appearance resolved and no further complications developed.DISCUSSION:At our institution, blue food coloring is used with enteral nutrition for detecting aspiration of stomach contents. The dietary department supplies food coloring to each nursing unit in pint-sized medicine bottles. Nurses...
Online amnesic approximation of streaming time series

The past decade has seen a wealth of research on time series representations, because the manipulation, storage, and indexing of large volumes of raw time series data is impractical. The vast majority of research has concentrated on representations that are calculated in batch mode and represent each value with approximately equal fidelity. However, the increasing deployment of mobile devices and real time sensors has brought home the need for representations that can be incrementally updated, and can approximate the data with fidelity proportional to its age. The latter property allows us to answer queries about the recent past with greater precision, since in many domains recent information is more useful than older information. We call such representations amnesic. While there has been previous work on amnesic representations, the class of amnesic functions possible was dictated by the representation itself. We introduce a novel representation of time series that can represent arbitrary, user-specified amnesic functions. For example, a meteorologist may decide that data that is twice as old can tolerate twice as much error, and thus, specify a linear amnesic function. In contrast, an econometrist might opt for an exponential amnesic function. We propose online algorithms for our representation, and discuss their properties. Finally, we perform an extensive empirical evaluation on 40 datasets, and show that our approach can efficiently maintain a high quality amnesic approximation.
Inevitable Failure: The Flawed Trust Assumption in the Cloud

IaaS clouds offer customers on-demand computing resources such as virtual machine, network and storage. To provision and manage these resources, cloud users must rely on a variety of cloud services. However, a wide range of vulnerabilities have been identified in these cloud services that may enable an adversary to compromise customers' computations or even the cloud platform itself. Using the motivation for adding mandatory access to commercial operating systems, we argue for the development of a secure cloud operating system (SCOS) to enforce mandatory access control (MAC) over cloud services and customer instances. To better understand the concrete challenges of building a SCOS, we examine the OpenStack cloud platform from two perspectives: (1) how attacks propagate across cloud services and (2) how adversaries leverage vulnerabilities in cloud services to attack hosts. Using this information, we review the application of three MAC approaches employed by "secure" commercial systems to evaluate their practical effectiveness for controlling cloud services. While MAC enforcement can improve security for cloud services, several threats remain unchecked. We outline a set of additional security policy goals that a SCOS must enforce to control threats from potentially compromised cloud services comprehensively. While we do not actually construct a SCOS in this paper, we hope that this study will initiate discussions that may lead to practical designs.
Recent Progress Addressing Compatibility Issues Relevant to Fusion Environments

Current compatibility research in the U.S. focuses on two topics: dual- or multi-layer electrically-resistant Y 2 O 3 /vanadium coatings in a V-Li blanket concept and SiC composites with a Pb-Li coolant. The compatibility issue for multi-layer coatings includes the ceramic insulating layer and the metallic vanadium alloy layer. Characterization of Y 2 O 3 coatings after exposure to Li shows significant changes in the microstructure. Initial static capsule results for V-4Cr-4Ti alloys in Li at 800°C showed unexpected small mass gains. Capsule tests of monolithic SiC in Pb-17Li showed no mass change and no wetting after 1000h at 800°C and only limited wetting after 1000h at 1100°C. Chemical analysis of the Pb-Li after the tests did not detect Si to the detectability limit of 30ppma (5wppm). In both liquid metal systems, loop tests with a representative temperature gradient are needed to truly determine compatibility limits.
Marine accessibility along Russia's Northern Sea Route

Recent Arctic sea ice retreat indicates that the Russian coastal seas encompassing the Northern Sea Route (NSR) will be among the first marine environments to transition to a summer ice-free state. Forty-six voyages carrying 1.26 million tons of cargo in 2012 suggest increasing economic viability of the NSR for eastward transport of natural resources from northern Norway and Russia. However, considerable uncertainty remains about the near-term length and variability of the navigation season, and shelf bathymetry presents a critical constraint limiting vessel draft and cargo capacity. This paper aims to quantify the length and variability of the NSR navigation season as constrained by both sea ice and bathymetry over the next 15 years. We present simulations of accessibility to the Russian maritime Arctic by Polar Class and nonice-strengthened vessels, as based on CCSM4 daily projections of sea ice concentration and thickness averaged for 2013–2027. Results indicate strong navigation uncertainties in the K...
Effects of phosphorus starvation versus limitation on the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus MED4 I: uptake physiology

Summary Recent measurements of natural populations of the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus indicate this numerically dominant phototroph assimilates phosphorus (P) at significant rates in P-limited oceanic regions. To better understand uptake capa- bilities of Prochlorococcus under different P stress conditions, uptake kinetic experiments were per- formed on Prochlorococcus MED4 grown in P-limited chemostats and batch cultures. Our results indicate that MED4 has a small cell-specific Vmax but a high specific affinity (aP) for P, making it competitive with other marine cyanobacteria at low P concentrations. Additionally, MED4 regulates its uptake kinetics in response to P stress by significantly increasing Vmax and aP for both inorganic and organic P (PO4 and ATP). The Michaelis-Menten constant, KM, for PO4 remained constant under different P stress condi- tions, whereas the KM for ATP was higher when cells were stressed for PO4, pointing to additional proc- esses involved in uptake of ATP. MED4 cleaves the PO4 moieties from ATP, likely with a 5-nucleotidase- like enzyme rather than alkaline phosphatase. MED4 exhibited distinct physiological differences between cells under steady-state P limitation versus those transitioning from P-replete to P-starved conditions. Thus, MED4 employs a variety of strategies to deal with changing P sources in the oceans and displays complexity in P stress acclimation and regulatory mechanisms.
Like Parent, Like Child: Parent and Child Emotion Dysregulation

Purpose This study examined the association between children's emotion regulatory processes and parents' emotional problems. Design A 5-year longitudinal study of families from Northwestern United States with data collected over 3 time points. Families were recruited in an effort to oversample for multiracial and African American families because these families have historically not been well represented in research studies. Method Parental hostility characteristics and subclinical levels of depression were assessed in combination with teachers' reports of children's externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Ninety-one families with married parents and an elementary school-aged child participated in the study. Findings There was a significant main effect for the association between fathers' self-reports of hostility and teacher reports of children's externalizing behaviors. Neither parental hostility nor depressive symptoms were significantly associated with the children's internalizing behaviors. Conclusion The results suggest that children's externalizing behaviors are associated with their fathers' dysregulated expression of hostility. Clinical Relevance Parent-child interactions are a key component of children's emotion regulation development. Our findings may guide health care professionals in identifying and intervening in parental behaviors, particularly fathers' behaviors, that may adversely affect the healthy emotional development of their children.
Biosynthesis of ecdysone and ecdysone phosphates in spinach

Abstract The polar ecdysteroid conjugate, ecdysone phosphate (2β,3β,14α,22R,25-pentahydroxy-7-en-6-one-3- phosphate) was identified in excised first leaves of spinach, where it is endogenously produced during 20- hydroxyecdysone biosynthesis. Radiolabelled [14C]ecdysone phosphate was isolated from several excised leaf assays and was hydrolysed with wheat germ acid phosphatase to yield [14C]ecdysone. Incorporation of ecdysone into excised first leaves followed by 32P exposure produced a compound with 32P activity, with chromatographic properties identical to those of the isolated [14C]ecdysone phosphate and upon hydrolysis released ecdysone. In spinach first leaves with active ecdysteroid biosynthesis, ecdysone is present at 0.004% of the total free ecdysteroid and contained 6% of the total radioactivity from [2-14C]mevalonic acid (MVA). These biosynthetically active tissues also produce radiolabelled lathosterol, ecdysone-3-phosphate and 20-hydroxyecdysone. In biosynthetically inactive tissue (immature apical organs) no radiolabelled lathosterol, ecdysone-3-phosphate, ecdysone or 20-hydroxyecdysone was produced from [2-14C]MVA despite an active biosynthesis of C29-sterols. Several intermediate and end product ecdysteroids, when incorporated into excised first leaves of spinach produced conjugates which were readily cleaved by wheat germ acid phosphatase. The ecdysteroid pathway appears to be regulated by the presence of ecdysteroid substrates.
Cancer Cell Metabolism: There Is No ROS for the Weary

Using a high-throughput short-hairpin RNA library screen targeting 222 metabolic nodes, Ros and colleagues identified 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 (PFKFB4), a glycolytic enzyme that shunts glucose into the pentose phosphate pathway for NADPH production, as a critical node for the survival of prostate cancer cells. Blocking PFKFB4 induces reactive oxygen species and cancer cell death, suggesting that PFKFB4 could be therapeutically targeted.
Sparse Features for PCA-Like Linear Regression

Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is often used as a feature extraction procedure. Given a matrix X ∈ ℝn×d, whose rows represent n data points with respect to d features, the top k right singular vectors of X (the so-called eigenfeatures), are arbitrary linear combinations of all available features. The eigenfeatures are very useful in data analysis, including the regularization of linear regression. Enforcing sparsity on the eigenfeatures, i.e., forcing them to be linear combinations of only a small number of actual features (as opposed to all available features), can promote better generalization error and improve the interpretability of the eigenfeatures. We present deterministic and randomized algorithms that construct such sparse eigenfeatures while provably achieving in-sample performance comparable to regularized linear regression. Our algorithms are relatively simple and practically efficient, and we demonstrate their performance on several data sets.
Coupled circuit-electromagnetic simulation with time domain integral equations

Time domain electromagnetic solvers are useful for simulating coupled circuit-electromagnetic (EM) problems involving integrated circuit packages and systems-on-chip, wherein effects of nonlinearities of circuit elements can be modeled accurately. The surface-based time domain integral equation (TDIE) approach has been gaining in popularity owing to its flexibility in modeling arbitrarily-shaped structures and its enhanced computational performance due to advances in fast solution methods. In this work, a generalized rigorous coupling scheme, to simultaneously simulate circuits with SPICE-like time-domain simulation, and EM interactions with a TDIE method, is presented. This approach enables direct solution of circuit-EM equations without the need for generating port models. The method permits both circuit and EM excitations and thereby has potential as a signal integrity and as an EMI/EMC modeling tool.
Administration of Live Varicella Vaccine to HIV-Infected Children with Current or Past Significant Depression of CD4+ T Cells

BACKGROUND Varicella can be a severe illness in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children. The licensed, live attenuated varicella vaccine is safe and immunogenic in HIV-infected children with minimal symptoms and good preservation of CD4(+) T cells (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention immunologic category 1). METHODS To study the safety and immunogenicity of this vaccine in varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-naive, HIV-infected children with moderate symptoms and/or more pronounced past or current decreases in CD4(+) T cell counts, such children (age, 1-8 years) received 2 doses of vaccine 3 months apart. The children were observed in a structured fashion for adverse events. Blood was tested for VZV antibody and VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) at baseline, 8 weeks after each dose, and annually for 3 years. Subjects who had no evidence of immunity 1 year after vaccination received a third dose and were retested. RESULTS The vaccine was well tolerated; there were no vaccine-related, serious adverse events. Regardless of immunologic category, at least 79% of HIV-infected vaccine recipients developed VZV-specific antibody and/or CMI 2 months after 2 doses of vaccine, and 83% were responders 1 year after vaccination. CONCLUSIONS HIV-infected children with a CD4(+) T cell percentage of > or =15% and a CD4(+) T cell count of > or =200 cells/ microL are likely to benefit from receiving varicella vaccine.
Parent-child interaction therapy and ethnic minority children.

Abstract Disruptive behaviours constitute the most frequent reason for referral of young children to mental health services. Parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT) is a theoretically grounded, assessment-driven, empirically supported treatment for children with disruptive behaviour disorders. PCIT is based on Baumrind's research demonstrating positive outcomes for children of parents with an authoritative parenting style. The child-directed interaction phase of PCIT focuses on strengthening the parent–child bond and increasing positive parenting. The parent-directed interaction phase focuses on increasing parental consistency, predictability and fairness in discipline. This article presents an overview of PCIT and highlights PCIT research with ethnic minority children.
Further localization of a gene for paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis to a 5-cM region on chromosome 2q34

Paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis (PDC) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by episodes of involuntary movement, involving the extremities and face, which may occur spontaneously or be precipitated by caffeine, alcohol, anxiety, and fatigue. PDC is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance. A gene implicated in this paroxysmal disorder has been mapped to a 10-15 cM region on chromosome 2q31-36 in two families. We describe a third family with PDC. Two-point linkage analyses with markers linked to the candidate PDC locus were performed. A maximum two-point LOD score of 4.20 at a recombination fraction of zero was obtained for marker D2S120, confirming linkage to the distal portion of chromosome 2q. The anion exchanger gene, SLC2C, maps to this region, but the family was poorly informative for polymorphic markers within and flanking this candidate gene. Haplotype analysis revealed a critical recombination event that confines the PDC gene to a 5-cM region bounded by the markers D2S164 and D2S377. We compared the haplotype in our family with that in another chromosome 2-linked PDC family, but did not detect a region of shared genotypes. However, identifying a third family whose disease maps to the same region and narrowing the critical region will facilitate identification of the 2q-linked PDC gene.
From professor to colleague: Creating a professional identity as collaborator in elementary science

This self-study of collaboration examines the lived experiences of a university researcher and a classroom teacher who shared the work of teaching 6th grade science. Sharing teaching involved planning, enacting, assessing, and reflecting upon instruction, and became the context for telling stories of collaboration. I interpreted these stories using models of social identity that employ performance metaphors in the construction/deconstruction of multiple identities. The analysis uncovered several tensions in building a collaborative relationship: a) The tension created by my assumption of multiple roles including new teacher, researcher, and collaborator; b) the tension between my desired role of collaborator and the role of professor ascribed to me by the classroom teacher; and c) the tension of an outsider searching for a comfort zone in an established classroom community. The meanings of collaboration that emerged from this study have implications for others who embark upon university/school partnerships. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 37: 548–562, 2000
SEQCHIP: A Powerful Method to Integrate Sequence and Genotype Data for the Detection of Rare Variant Associations

Motivation: Next-generation sequencing greatly increases the capacity to detect rare-variant complex-trait associations. However, it is still expensive to sequence a large number of samples and therefore often small datasets are used. Given cost constraints, a potentially more powerful two-step strategy is to sequence a subset of the sample to discover variants, and genotype the identified variants in the remaining sample. If only cases are sequenced, directly combining sequence and genotype data will lead to inflated type-I errors in rare-variant association analysis. Although several methods have been developed to correct for the bias, they are either underpowered or theoretically invalid. We proposed a new method SEQCHIP to integrate genotype and sequence data, which can be used with most existing rare-variant tests. Results: It is demonstrated using both simulated and real datasets that the SEQCHIP method has controlled type-I errors, and is substant ially more powerful than all other currently available methods. Availability: SEQCHIP is implemented in an R-Package and is available at
A simple dynamic routing problem

As jobs arrive they have to be routed to one of two similar exponential servers. It is shown that if the queue lengths at both servers are observed then the Optimal decision is to route jobs to the shorter queue, whereas if the queue lenths are not observed then it is best to alternate between queues, provided the initial distribution of the two queue sizes is the same. The optimality of these routing strategies is independent of the statistics of the job arrivals.
Intake of Soy Protein and Soy Protein Extracts Influences Lipid Metabolism and Hepatic Gene Expression in Gerbils

The ability of alcohol extract of isolated soy protein to contribute to the hypochoesterolemic effect mediated by the intake of soy protein was tested in gerbils. Gerbils were assigned to five different groups (n = 8) and provided experimental diets for 28 d. Diets contained either casein or alcohol-washed isolated soy protein (ISP). The ISP diet was provided alone, or supplemented with one of three different levels of an alcohol extract of isolated soy protein contributing either 2.1, 3.6 or 6.2 mg isoflavones/g protein. Gerbils fed all of the soy-based diets had significantly lower (P < 0.05) total cholesterol, LDL + VLDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B concentrations than those fed casein. The addition of the alcohol extract to ISP did not reduce serum cholesterol concentrations any further, but reduced hepatic apolipoprotein A-I mRNA levels (P < 0. 05) compared with casein- and ISP-fed groups. Levels of apolipoprotein E mRNA were not affected by diet. These data suggest that in gerbils, consumption of an isoflavone-containing extract does not contribute to the hypocholesterolemic effect of alcohol-extracted soy, but may influence lipid metabolism by altering gene expression for lipid-related genes.