cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microradiographic strain measurement using markers

A method for measuring strain on interior planes of some real structural materials is presented. X-ray images are formed of small (10–40 micron) gold markers placed on selected interior planes of optically opaque X-ray transparent materials. The use of well collimated monochromatic synchrotron radiation makes possible high contrast images of the small markers. Images of the particles before and after straining are recorded photographically. Photographs are enlarged 33X and measured using a simple electro-optical setup. In calibration experiments using approximately a 300-micron gage length, the strain measured by this method agreed with extensometer measured strains to within 100 microstrain. Example applications in a graphite-epoxy composite are presented, including measurement of the strain drop off near the free edge, strain concentration around a hole, and the strain field on a particular plane near a hole after local delamination. The technique is currently limited to materials no less X-ray transparent than titanium.
Improved Element-Based Lattice Reduction Algorithms for Wireless Communications

Lattice-reduction (LR)-aided linear detectors (LDs) have shown great potentials for wireless communications due to their low complexity and high performance. However, most of the existing LR algorithms do not directly aim at minimizing the asymptotic error performance of LDs, which is dominated by the shortest longest vector (SLV) in the dual space. To find sub-optimal solutions to the SLV reduction, element-based lattice reduction (ELR) algorithms were recently proposed by performing column-addition operations. In this paper, we propose improved ELR algorithms (called ELR+) by performing generalized column-addition operations. We find that the problem that minimizes a basis vector by a generalized column-addition operation can be formulated as a closest vector problem (CVP). By solving the CVP that minimizes the longest basis vector for each basis update, the proposed ELR+ algorithms find sub-optimal solutions to the SLV reduction problem with high performance. Simulations illustrate that the proposed ELR+ algorithms show superior performance relative to the state-of-the-art LRs for linear detection, including Korkin-Zolotarev reductions.
Behavioral Sensitization to Cocaine in the Absence of Altered Brain Cocaine Levels

We conducted experiments investigating the role of altered cocaine distribution in behavioral sensitization. The first was designed to determine whether carry-over from one injection to the next occurs after acute cocaine administration. Female, Sprague–Dawley rats were administered 5 mg/kg 3H-cocaine and 24 h later were challenged with either 5 mg/kg unlabeled cocaine or saline. Animals were sacrificed 15 min after drug administration. There was no difference between groups in cocaine levels in brain, liver, or plasma, thus indicating that carry-over did not occur following acute cocaine administration. The second experiment was designed to determine whether bound cocaine could be released following acute or multiple dose cocaine administration. In the acute dose study, animals were administered either 20 mg/kg cocaine or saline, challenged 24 h later with 5 mg/kg 3H-cocaine, and sacrificed 5 min after drug administration. Animals with previous cocaine experience exhibited a significant increase in the number of rearings. The groups did not differ in brain or plasma cocaine levels. In the multiple dose study, animals were injected daily for 4 days with 20 mg/kg cocaine or saline, challenged with 5 mg/kg 3H-cocaine on day 5, and sacrificed 10 min after drug administration. Animals with previous cocaine experience exhibited significantly greater locomotor activity and number of rearings. There was no difference between groups in cocaine levels in various brain regions, plasma, or liver. Brain cocaine content in various regions was significantly correlated, though heterogeneously distributed within the various regions. The highest cocaine levels were found in hippocampus, striatum, thalamus/hypothalamus, and cortex. These results provide further evidence that behavioral sensitization is not the result of cocaine redistribution following repeated administration.
Determination of the dorsal mesothoracic disc inDrosophila

Extirpations of the dorsal mesothoracic disc carried out by Pantelouris and Waddington in mature larvae ofDrosophila melanogaster resulted in the formation of mesonotal chaetae on the operated side in 4 out of 20 cases. This experiment was repeated on a large scale in both mature and 72-hour third instar larvae. Special attention was paid to recording the degree of disc removal in these operations. Among the 137 survivors of the extirpations, 126 (92%) developed no more than one wing and one-half of the mesonotum. The 11 cases in which mesonotal chaetae or wing structures developed on the operated side all (except an unclassified specimen) belonged to classes in which partial extirpation of the disc had been scored. The structures which differentiated on the extirpated side generally conformed to the specific presumptive parts within the disc anlage which remained inside the larval body in the various extirpation classes. Both observations indicate that the structures which developed on the operated side arose from remnants of the partially extirpated disc. In contrast to the suggestion of Pantelouris and Waddington, evidence has been presented which indicates that the dorsal mesothoracic discs do not exist as members of a bicentric regulative field. Instead, it is concluded that determination of the pair of wing discs as right and left entities is complete, not only in mature larvae, but also in larvae in the middle of the third instar. Similar conclusions are drawn with respect to the paired eye discs. Among specimens in which chaetae did not develop on the operated side, regulation limited to cell proliferation and epidermal spreading may have occurred in 2 individuals in the Pantelouris and Waddington experiment and in 9 cases in the present study. This growth might be interpreted as a homeostatic response of trichome anlagen to absence of cellular material from the operated disc at the time of normal fusion of mesothoracic disc products.
Alk-1-enylacyl, alkylacyl, and diacyl subclasses of native ethanolamine and choline glycerophospholipids can be quantified directly by phosphorus-31 NMR in solution

We show that phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used to distinguish and to quantify the alk-1-enylacyl, alkylacyl, and diacyl glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE) subclasses, and the respective glycerophosphocholine (GPC) subclasses, in their native form without prior degradation or derivatization, provided the phospholipids are observed in the nonaggregated state. Monomeric phospholipid distribution is ascertained by recording the spectra, after removal of metal ions, on CDCI3/CD3OD/D2O (50∶50∶15, by vol) solutions. The utility of this approach is exemplified for the ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (EPL) from bovine brain and the choline glycerophospholipids (CPL) from bovine heart. Sharp and well-resolved resonances are obtained for alkylacylGPE (+0.395 ppm; re 1% H3PO4), alkenylacylGPE (+0.353 ppm), and diacylGPE (+0.315 ppm), and for alkylacylGPC (−0.383 ppm), alkenylacylGPC (−0.436 ppm) and diacylGPC (−0.451 ppm). Integrated peak reas are shown to closely correlate with dose. Accurate quantitation of EPL and CPL subclasses at submicromolar levels can further be facilitated by use of synthetic dialkylGPE (+0.602 ppm) and dialkylGPC (−0.196 ppm) as internal standards. The method is simple, rapid, sensitive and reproducible, and permits the complete resolution and direct quantitation of all ethanolamine and choline glycerophospholipid subclasses quite independent of fatty chain length and degree of unsaturation.
Spontaneous alternation and inhibitory avoidance impairments with morphine injections into the medial septum. Attenuation by glucose administration.

Peripheral glucose administration attenuates impairments produced by peripheral injections of the opioid agonist, morphine, on spontaneous alternation. Injections of opioid agonists directly into the medial septum also impair memory. The present experiments examined whether systemic and intraseptal glucose injections could attenuate deficits on spontaneous alternation and inhibitory avoidance in rats treated with intraseptal morphine. Morphine (3.95 nmol) injected into the medial septum significantly impaired performance on spontaneous alternation and inhibitory avoidance tasks. Both systemic (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and intraseptal (18.33 nmol) injections of glucose, administered concomitantly with intraseptal morphine, attenuated the morphine-induced impairments on these tasks in rats. These findings suggest that one brain region where glucose may act is the medial septum, possibly by releasing opioid inhibition of cholinergic activity.
Extensive genetic diversity and low linkage disequilibrium within the COMT locus in maize exotic populations

Abstract The caffeic acid 3-O-methytransferase (COMT) gene is a prime candidate for cell wall digestibility improvement based on the characterization of brown midrib-3 mutants. We compared the genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium at this locus between exotic populations sampled within the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project and 70 inbred lines. In total, we investigated 55 exotic COMT alleles and discovered more than 400 polymorphisms in a 2.2 kb region with pairwise nucleotide diversity (π) up to 0.017, much higher than reported π values of various genes in inbred lines. The ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous SNPs was 3:1 in exotic populations, and significantly higher than the 1:1 ratio for inbred lines. Selection tests detected selection signature in this gene in both pools, but with different evolution patterns. The linkage disequilibrium decay in exotic populations was at least four times more rapid than for inbred lines with r2 > 0.1 persisting only up to 100 bp. In conclusion, the alleles sampled in the GEM Project offer a valuable genetic resource to broaden genetic variation for the COMT gene, and likely other genes, in inbred background. Moreover, the low linkage disequilibrium makes this material suitable for high resolution association analyses.
Inactivation of short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase from pig liver by 2-pentynoyl-coenzyme A.

Abstract 2-Pentynoyl-CoA is a mechanism-based inactivator of the flavoprotein short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase from pig liver. Inactivation is associated with the formation of an intermediate absorbing at 800 nm and results in the incorporation of 0.86 ± 0.13 molecules of radiolabeled inhibitor per subunit. A rapid procedure was devised to isolate the labeled peptide. A glutamate residue was identified as the target of 2-pentynoyl-CoA treatment and proved homologous to the proposed catalytic base, GLU376, in the corresponding medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase sequence. These results are discussed in terms of the lack of conservation of this glutamate residue in the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase enzyme family.
Structural Response to Local Charge Order in Underdoped but Superconducting La2-x(Sr,Ba)xCuO4

Results are presented of a local structural study of the nearest neighbor Cu–O distance distribution in underdoped but superconducting La1.875Sr0.125CuO4, La1.85Ba0.15CuO4 and La1.85Sr0.15CuO4. Atomic pair distribution function analysis of neutron powder diffraction data has been carried out to obtain local structural information over a wide temperature range. We observe an anomalous increase in the Cu–O bond length distribution at low temperature that may be associated with the presence of an inhomogeneous charge distribution. The increase at low temperature has an onset temperature which correlates with observations of charge and spin freezing seen by other probes.
StRAP: An Integrated Resource for Profiling High-Throughput Cancer Genomic Data from Stress Response Studies

The increasing availability and maturity of DNA microarray technology has led to an explosion of cancer profiling studies for identifying cancer biomarkers, and predicting treatment response. Uncovering complex relationships, however, remains the most challenging task as it requires compiling and efficiently querying data from various sources. Here, we describe the Stress Response Array Profiler (StRAP), an open-source, web-based resource for storage, profiling, visualization, and sharing of cancer genomic data. StRAP houses multi-cancer microarray data with major emphasis on radiotherapy studies, and takes a systems biology approach towards the integration, comparison, and cross-validation of multiple cancer profiling studies. The database is a comprehensive platform for comparative analysis of gene expression data. For effective use of arrays, we provide user-friendly and interactive visualization tools that can display the data and query results. StRAP is web-based, platform-independent, and freely accessible at http://strap.nci.nih.gov/.
Selective Blockade of the mGluR1 Receptor Reduces Traumatic Neuronal Injury in Vitro and Improves Outcome after Brain Trauma

The effects of selective blockade of group I metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1 (mGluR1) on neuronal cell survival and post-traumatic recovery was examined using rat in vitro and in vivo trauma models. The selective mGluR1 antagonists (RS)-1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid (AIDA), 7-(hydroxyimino)cyclopropa[b]chromen-1a-carboxylate ethyl ester (CPCCOEt), and (S)-(+)-alpha-amino-4-carboxy-2-methylbezeneacetic acid (LY367385) provided significant neuroprotection in rat cortical neuronal cultures subjected to mechanical injury, in both pretreatment or posttreatment paradigms. Administration of the antagonists also attenuated glutamate-induced neuronal cell death in the cultures. Coapplication of these antagonists with the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (5R,10S)-(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine (MK-801) had additive neuroprotective effects in glutamate injured cultures. Intracerebroventricular administration of AIDA to rats markedly improved recovery from motor dysfunction after lateral fluid percussion induced traumatic brain injury (TBI). Treatment with mGluR1 antagonists also significantly reduced lesion volumes in rats after TBI, as evaluated by MRI. It appears that these compounds mediate their neuroprotective effect through an mGluR1 antagonist action, as demonstrated by inhibition of agonist induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis in our in vitro system. Moreover, AIDA, CPCCOEt, and LY367385, at concentrations shown to be neuroprotective, had no significant effects on the steady state NMDA evoked whole cell current. Taken together, these data suggest that modulation of mGluR1 activity may have substantial therapeutic potential in brain injury.
Automation for clinicians in the field: the validity of a performance support system

The Mental Retardation-Expert (MR-E) is an electronic performance support system for clinicians who work with mentally retarded persons who have behavioral disorders. It provides treatment planning assistance when needed. This study compares MR-E’s advice with that offered by human experts. It assesses the impact of the system on clinicians from various areas. The results support MR-E’s validity and its ability to help clinicians function as experts. They high-light potential benefits for psychologists in using performance support systems.
Adapting Generally Filled Cylindrical Sheet Impedances for Electromagnetic Compatibility [Measurements Corner]

The ability to control the bistatic scattering characteristics from cylindrical objects using a tapered cylindrical impedance sheet is presented. It is shown that with the capability to readily control both the real and imaginary components of a percolated lossy film's effective impedance, specific impedance distributions can be obtained to effectively introduce and direct the overall nulls in the bistatic scattering pattern. The bistatic scattering width calculations are based on a modal analysis and an impedance-sheet boundary condition formulation. Potential uses of tapered cylindrical impedance sheets in bistatic EMC/EMI applications are discussed.
The β-glucoside system of Escherichia coli II. Kinetic evidence for a phosphoryl-enzyme II intermediate

Abstract The β-glucoside specific enzyme II (enzyme II bgl ) of the phosphoenolpyruvate dependent phosphotransferase system of Escherichia coli exhibits properties indicative of a “Ping-Pong” kinetic mechanism.
Esterification Of [4-14c]Cholesterol by Cutaneous Bacteria (Staphylococcus Epidermidis, Propionibacterium Acnes, and Propionibacterium Granulosum)

Cholesterol and cholesteryl esters constitute 3 to 5% of the lipids derived from human sebaceous glands. The present study demonstrates that cutaneous bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidi, and to a lesser extent Propionibacterium acnes, and Propinibacterium granulosum, esterify [4-14C]choleesterol to steryl esters in vitro. The degree of esterification is a characteristic of the strain of organism, ranging from 0 to 32.7% in the organisms tested. Cholesterol esterification in these experiments was dependent on the addition of homogenates of isolated, pooled sebaceous glands to the incubation medium. Indirect evidence suggests that the fatty acids from sebaceous triglycerides are utilized for cholesterol esterification by the bacteria. These results indicate that the proportion of steryl esters in skin surface lipids may be influenced by the density of the microbial population in the skin.
Total synthesis of 27-hydroxy-bullatacin and its C-15 epimer, and studies on their inhibitory effect on bovine heart mitochondrial complex I functions

Abstract The total synthesis of 27-hydroxybullatacin and its C-15 epimer has been achieved using rhenium(VII) oxides-mediated and Co(modp) 2 -catalyzed oxidative cyclization (OC), diastereoselective alkynylation, Brown's enantioselective allylboration, and Grubbs' cross metathesis as the key reactions. The inhibitory effect of these compounds on the complex I function, as determined by using bovine submitochondrial particles, was in low nanomolar range.
Large dams and alluvial rivers in the Anthropocene: The impacts of the Garrison and Oahe Dams on the Upper Missouri River

A B S T R A C T The Missouri River has had a long history of anthropogenic modification with considerable impacts on river and riparian ecology, form, and function. During the 20th century, several large dam-building efforts in the basin served the needs for irrigation, flood control, navigation, and the generation of hydroelectric power. The managed flow provided a range of uses, including recreation, fisheries, and habitat. Fifteen dams impound the main stem of the river, with hundreds more on tributaries. Though the effects of dams and reservoirs are well-documented, their impacts have been studied individually, with relatively little attention paid to their interaction along a river corridor. We examine the morphological and sedimentological changes in the Upper Missouri River between the Garrison Dam in ND (operational in 1953) and Oahe Dam in SD (operational in 1959). Through historical aerial photography, stream gage data, and cross sectional surveys, we demonstrate that the influence of the upstream dam is still a major control of river dynamics when the backwater effects of the downstream reservoir begin. In the ‘‘Anthropocene’’, dams are ubiquitous on large rivers and often occur in series, similar to the Garrison Dam Segment. We propose a conceptual model of how interacting dams might affect river geomorphology, resulting in distinct and recognizable morphologic sequences that we term ‘‘Inter-Dam sequence’’ characteristic of major rivers in the US.
FAIRY TALES, TRAGEDIES AND WORLD HISTORIES

This paper starts from the premise that the phenomena we behavioral scientists wish to understand, to explain and to evaluate are historical. It responds to Immanuel Wallerstein’s challenge that “using the heavily narrative accounts of most historical research seems not to lend itself... to quantification… It is a major tragedy of twentieth century social science that so large a proportion of social scientists, facing this dilemma, have thrown in the sponge.” It accepts the thesis of Gallie, Ricoeur and others that “history is a species of the genus story.” Real, deep understanding of such stories and of their component narrative structures requires knowledge of their possible trajectories and outcomes, i.e., the grammar of their plot possibilities. Hence all genuine, realistic explanations of politically interesting historical episodes must be based on prior, quasi-causal understandings of them and their possible alternatives (Wittgenstein: “Essence is expressed by grammar.”)
Impression test of 63Sn37Pb eutectic alloy

Abstract Impression creep and stress relaxation experiments on the SnPb eutectic alloy were carried out in the RSA II instrument modified to use a 0.5 mm diameter cylindrical punch under 1.5–47 MPa punching stress and within a temperature range of 25 °C to 110 °C. Based on a power law between the impression velocity and stress or between the stress rate and stress, the exponent increased with stress from 1 to 3.5 within the temperature range 80–110 °C and 2.5 to 6 within the range 25–65 °C. These exponents were generally comparable to those reported in the literature. Because of the change of stress exponent, several mechanisms have been proposed. However, the stress dependence was found to obey a hyperbolic sine function of stress for all the stresses and temperatures studied. Similarly before using the hyperbolic sine function, the activation energy was found to increase with stress, an abnormal behaviour. Fortunately, after using the hyperbolic sine function, a single activation energy, 55 kJ mol−1 was obtained. Based on the present data, a single mechanism of interfacial viscous shearing between the two eutectic phases is proposed for both creep and stress relaxation. In addition to the effect of stress and temperature, the impression velocity based on this model should be directly proportional to the punch radius and inversely proportional to the nth (n = 1–3) power of the size of phase particles. These predictions are consistent with available information in the literature.
First Report of Sudden Death Syndrome of Soybean Caused by Fusarium virguliforme in South Dakota.

During the 2012 soybean growing season, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) plants submitted to South Dakota State University Plant Diagnostic Clinic exhibited symptoms typical of sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium virguliforme (Aoki, O'Donnell, Homma, & Lattanzi). In the 2013 soybean growing season, a soybean survey targeting SDS-symptomatic plants was carried out in 20 eastern South Dakota counties between July and August when plants were at the beginning seed and beginning seed maturity growth stages. Soybean plants with SDS-like symptoms were found in eight counties at very low incidence (<3%). Approximately 15 plants per field that had symptoms resembling those of SDS were collected and fungal isolations were made. Leaf symptoms included some necrosis and slight interveinal chlorosis. The tap roots also had areas of necrosis and the vascular system was brown. Isolations were made from the symptomatic tap root sections. The tap root sections were surface sterilized using a 10% NaOCl for 1 min...
A new, storage-efficient algorithm for maximum-entropy spectrum reconstruction

Abstract A new algorithm for computing maximum-entropy spectrum reconstructions is described. The algorithm has convergence properties comparable to those of the “Cambridge” algorithm of J. Skilling and R. K. Bryan (Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 211, 111 (1984)), but requires less memory. However, it is not as general, since it cannot be used to perform deconvolutions.
Hamiltonian bifurcation theory of closed orbits in the diamagnetic Kepler problem

Classically chaotic systems possess a proliferation of periodic orbits. This phenomenon was observed in a quantum system through measurements of the absorption spectrum of a hydrogen atom in a magnetic field. This paper gives a theoretical interpretation of the bifurcations of periodic or closed orbits of electrons in atoms in magnetic fields. We ask how new periodic orbits can be created out of existing ones or ``out of nowhere'' as the energy changes. Hamiltonian bifurcation theory provides the answer: it asserts the existence of just five typical types of bifurcation in conservative systems with two degrees of freedom. We show an example of each type. Every case we have examined falls into one of the patterns described by the theory.
P-17: A Variable Addressability Binocular System

A variable addressability binocular system has been developed and subjected to rigorous optical testing. This novel system enables a large filed of view using a limited number of pixels. The tests show a proof of concept and demonstrate the applicability of the technology.
The oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexene catalyzed by ZrCu(PO4)2

Abstract A kinetic study of the oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexene with ZrCu(PO4)2 as catalyst was carried out. The reaction was found to be first order with respect to both oxygen and hydrocarbon. Activation energies were 11.7 ± 0.4 kcal/mole for the formation of benzene and 6.5 ± 0.3 kcal/mole for the complete oxidation to CO2 and water. In the absence of oxygen, dehydrogenation takes place with reduction of Cu(II) to copper metal. If the reaction is carried out in a two-step sequence in which the hydrocarbon is first sorbed on the catalyst and then contacted with oxygen, complete burn up of the hydrocarbon is observed. In the reverse sequence in which oxygen is sorbed first high yields of benzene were obtained. A qualitative explanation of possible mechanisms for these reactions is presented.
Dermatologic manifestations of HPV in HIV-infected individuals.

Dermatologic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in HIV patients manifests as both anogenital and nongenital skin disease. Anogenital HPV-related disease includes benign condyloma acuminata, the most common cutaneous manifestation of genital HPV infection; intermediate malignancy or premalignant conditions including giant condyloma acuminata (also called Buschke-Loewenstein tumor), anal intraepithelial neoplasia, penile intraepithelial neoplasia, and vaginal or vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia; and frankly malignant disease including Bowen’s disease and invasive anal, penile, or vulvar carcinoma. Cutaneous HPV-related disease in nongenital skin is also increased in HIV-positive patients, in the form of benign common warts, epidermodysplasia verruciformis-like skin lesions, and nonmelanoma skin cancers. This review and update addresses the above listed dermatologic manifestations of HPV disease in HIV-infected individuals, with an emphasis on new findings and published data from 2006 to 2008.
Parent-offspring conflict relative to phase of lactation

Abstract Weaning conflict in captive collared peccaries, Tayassu tajacu , was examined to test whether the highest proximate conflict occurs near the termination of lactation or near the mid-lactational decline in milk production. Since the frequency of conflict behaviour might be related to the condition of the nursing female, the subjects were placed on two dietary treatments corresponding to protein availability typical of conditions of drought (7·5%) and high rainfall (16·5%). Data were analysed within three developmental phases: milk dependency (1–7 weeks), transition (7–15 weeks) and terminal (15–36 weeks). Nursing females did not take an active role in interrupting nursing bouts; in all but one phase (transition phase on low protein diet), nursing females interrupted less than half the suckling bouts. Three of four measures of conflict did not differ relative to phase of lactation analysed within diets. On the low protein diet, juveniles persisted at initiating unsuccessful attempts more frequently in the third phase. Within each phase, measures of conflict were more frequent on the low protein diet than on the high protein diet. Juvenile persistence was a more sensitive indicator of conflict than nurser interruptions. Nutritional condition appears to be an important factor modifying the expression of parent-offspring conflict.
The chaplain as therapist.

In this presentation I have explored the dynamics that go on in therapy, showing how similar dynamics occur in pastoral relationships primarily in terms of the transference and countertransference phenomena. I have also called attention to issues or areas of concern that arise in therapy, equating them with issues with which theology has historically dealt, i.e., the relation of the natural to the supernatural, the problem of authority, the place of values in life, and the importance of individual responsibility. Finally, I have noted the importance of the chaplain's utilizing of psychodynamics in his ministry and specifically those areas where he should become informed and skilled, i.e., in the area of personality development as a way of understanding himself and in the factors that promote change and growth in another person. I have briefly noted the value of psychodynamics at the time of grief or loss.
The Brain, Neurons, and Behavior

I opened the Special Issue on Cognition and Behavior (15 Oct., pp. [431][1]-452) with a “there we go again” feeling. So it was a relief to read Donald Kennedy's Editorial “Neuroscience and neuroethics” (p. [373][2]). It has become fashionable to equate the brain with the mind, which in turn controls behavior. Presumably it's hard science, because neurons are involved. But it isn't. It's just a confusion of the necessary with the sufficient, a point made in the Editorial. Altogether too often, sight is lost of the fact that any particular brain can evolve into any particular mind, depending on the experiences encountered. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.306.5695.431 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.306.5695.373
Nitric Oxide Mediates LDL Uptake in the Artery Wall in Response to High Concentrations of 17β-Estradiol

Abstract Female sex hormones are known to affect lipoprotein flux in the artery wall and atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms of these artery wall effects are unclear. To examine the effect of 17β-estradiol (estradiol) on LDL uptake in the artery wall, we developed an isolated perfused rat carotid artery model from ovariectomized rats. LDL flux in the artery wall was measured by quantitative fluorescence microscopy before and after treatment with estradiol (0.001 to 10 000 nmol/L). Dose-response experiments showed no significant difference in the rate of LDL uptake when arteries were perfused with estradiol at physiological concentrations (0.001 to 1 nmol/L) compared with control perfusions. However, higher concentrations of estradiol (10 to 10 000 nmol/L) significantly increased the rate of LDL uptake in isolated arteries. Artery lumen volume significantly increased with perfusion of estradiol (1 to 100 nmol/L) but decreased after perfusions of higher concentrations of estradiol (1000 to 10 000 nmol/...
Kinetic-theoretical approach to the fluctuations in weakly turbulent plasmas

Abstract A self-consistent integral equation for the energy spectrum of fluctuations in a weakly turbulent plasma resulting from the onset of a plasma wave instability is derived from a solution of the BBGKY hierarchy in the fluid limit.
Iris fluorescein angiography in diabetic vitrectomy patients.

Preoperative iris fluorescein angiograms (IFA) and ophthalmic records of 34 diabetic patients who underwent vitrectomy were reviewed. Of 24 patients without clinically apparent rubeosis, 23 showed evidence of iris microvascular abnormalities or rubeosis on IFA. Patients with rubeosis (Grades III and IV) on IFA had a 63% incidence of postoperative neovascular glaucoma, thus isolating them as a high risk group. The visual outcome of patients developing neovascular glaucoma was poor.
The presence and number of male competitor's scent marks and female reproductive state affect the response of male meadow voles to female conspecifics' odours

Male mammals are attracted to the scent marks of sexually receptive female conspecifics. Male voles spend more time investigating the scent marks of female voles in postpartum oestrus (PPE), a heightened state of sexual receptivity that occurs following the delivery of a litter, compared to those of female voles that are not in PPE, but in a moderate state of sexual receptivity. However, both types of females will attract male conspecifics to deposit their scent marks near those deposited by these females. The scent marks deposited by these males may indicate how many males have visited this female, which may affect how attractive she is to other males. In the present study, we exposed male meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, to the scent mark of a PPE female and a female that was not in PPE, a reference female (REF female); the scent marks of 0, 1 or 5 males were placed adjacent to the scent marks of these two female scent donors. In doing so, we tested three hypotheses. The first hypothesis is males will spend less time investigating the scent mark of a female that has more scent marks of male conspecifics adjacent to it compared to that of a female that has fewer scent marks of male conspecifics adjacent to it. The second hypothesis is the converse of the first hypothesis. The third hypothesis is males will spend more time investigating the scent mark of a PPE female than that of a REF female, independent of the number of scent marks of other males adjacent to them. Overall, our data suggests that a combination of factors may influence a male's preference for the scent marks of potential mates. Most tests suggest that males will respond preferentially to a female if she has more male suitors than another female, independent of the reproductive state of either female. If however, the number of male suitors is the same for each female, males tend to prefer the scent mark of the female that is in a more heightened state of sexual receptivity.
A Prognostic Score for Patients with Acute Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndromes Undergoing Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Abstract Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) has the potential to cure patients with acute leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), but a number of prognostic factors can influence the outcome of transplantation. At present, no transplantation-specific risk score exists for this patient population. We propose a simple scoring system for patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), or MDS, based on a retrospective analysis of 445 patients undergoing SCT at our institution (divided into training and validation subsets). The score depends on 5 variables: age, disease, stage at transplantation, cytogenetics, and pretransplantation ferritin. It divides patients into 3 groups of comparable size, with 5-year overall survival (OS) of 56% (low risk), 22% (intermediate risk), and 5% (high risk). This prognostic score could be useful in making treatment decisions for individual patients, in stratifying patients entering clinical trials, and in adjusting transplantation outcomes across centers under the new federal reporting rules.
Chlorpromazine methiodide-induced barrel rotation: an antimuscarinic effect

Barrel rotation is a motor response observed in rats in which the animal twists about its long axis and rolls laterally. This response was first described following intracerebroventricular injection of somatostatin. The pharmacologic specificity of the response has been questioned, and its physiologic basis is unknown. Recently, barrel rotation following intraventricular injection of quaternary chlorpromazine, chlorpromazine methiodide (CPZMI), has been reported. We have studied the specificity and pharmacologic basis of CPZMI-induced barrel rotation. The response was not induced by 26 compounds injected as controls, and was induced by 6 anti-muscarinic compounds. Dose-response relationships for onset, duration and magnitude of CPZMI-induced barrel rotation response were studied; number of rotations increased linearly with CPZMI dose up to 20 micrograms, after which number of rotations decreased and toxic effects (sedation, seizures) occurred. CPZMI barrel rotation was inhibited by intraventricular injection of the muscarinic agonist carbachol and enhanced by intraventricular or systemic atropine. Muscarinic and dopamine receptor studies indicated that CPZMI has high affinity for the muscarinic cholinergic receptor and low affinity for the spiperone binding site. Modified Scatchard analysis of CPZMI displacement of [3H]QNB at the muscarinic receptor is consistent with muscarinic antagonist properties. We conclude that CPZMI-induced barrel rotation has a specific pharmacologic basis, that of muscarinic cholinergic antagonism.
Drosophila melanogaster eggshell development: Localization of the s19 chorion gene

Further IF screening ofDrosophila melanogaster geographic strains has revealed a variant of the s19 major chorion protein. Developmental analysis of F1 hybrids indicates that the source of the variation is found in the structural gene for this protein. The linkage group of the variant gene was determined to be the third, and the gene was localized by several methods of recombination analysis. The s19 gene was found to be tightly linked to thesepia locus, as had been previously found for the s18 gene (Yannoni and Petri 1980). Lack of recombination between the s19 and s18 genes in double heterozygotes suggested that these two genes are within 0.3 map units of each other. Although more precise localization of the s19 gene failed, the s18 gene could be more specifically located to the right ofsepia, betweensepia andhairy. Contrary to our prediction (ibid.), the s19 and s18 genes have been found to be tightly linked in spite of the fact that they display somewhat different developmental stage specificity.
Mining user interest from search tasks and annotations

Interactive web search involves selecting which documents to read further and locating the parts of the documents that are relevant to the user's current activity. In this paper, we introduce UIMaP: User Interest Modeling and Personalization, a search task based personal user interest model to support users' information gathering tasks. The novelty of our approach lies in the use of topic modeling to generate fine-grained models of user interest and visualizations that direct user's attention to documents or parts of documents that match user's inferred interests. User annotations are used to help generate personalized visualizations for user's search tasks. Based on 1267 user annotations from 17 users, we show the performance comparisons of four different topic models: LDA+H, LDA+KL, LDA+JSD, and LDA+TopN.
Immunocytochemical analysis of a novel carbohydrate differentiation antigen (CDA-3C2) associated with olfactory and otic systems during embryogenesis in the rat.

Carbohydrate differentiation antigens are known to display specific patterns of expression during mammalian development and are thought to participate in significant morphogenetic events. In the present study, two monoclonal antibodies that react with a novel carbohydrate differentiation antigen (CDA-3C2) were used to analyze, by light microscopy, the spatiotemporal distribution of this unique high molecular weight antigen during embryogenesis in the rat. Correlative analysis of the development of peripheral neural structures, in which CDA-3C2 was expressed, was carried out with an anti-neurofilament antibody. Enzymatic digestion, combined with Western blots, reveal that the CDA-3C2 epitope is a carbohydrate which is carried on a high molecular weight glycoprotein with a mass of greater than 1 million Daltons. Characteristic of carbohydrate antigens, immunoreactivity was found in several distinct cellular patterns: only along the apical border of cells, along lateral and basal membranes of cells, and extracellular-like staining in the mesenchyme. During neurulation, CDA-3C2 showed differential staining in the ectoderm, distinguishing lateral from neural regions. Following closure of the neural tube, there was a striking specificity of expression of CDA-3C2 in the periphery, found almost exclusively in olfactory and otic epithelial structures. While CDA-3C2 is found in placode-derived tissues that subserve sensory transduction, it appears to be primarily associated with the supportive cells (and their secretions) in both otic and olfactory regions and less so with the sensory cells. The data suggest that a unique carbohydrate antigen on a large macromolecule may play a role in neurulation and/or morphogenesis of the placode-derived otic and olfactory structures. © Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Columbia River Treaty: Environmental Impact

Several major environmental impacts results from implementation of the Columbia River Treaty. The first one stems from the conservation of hydroelectric resources through coordinated planning and operation between 16 Pacific Northwest utilities and the British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority. The regional power system meets the load with a minimum of resources and cost to the rate payer. This has been spin-off benefits in terms of minimizing fuel consumption and air pollution associated with thermal-electric plants. Additional socioeconomic benefit is derived from the ability of treaty projects to control major floods and increase human safety. Although the anadromous fishery of the Columbia River has sustained setbacks caused by numerous factors, such as ocean over-fishing, undesirable forest and agricultural practices, and elimination of headwater habitat dams on the Columbia River are perceived by many as the major contributor to the decline. Added mitigation measures are now focused on construction and operation of bypass facilities and increasing flows to shorten the out-migration times to the ocean. To assure such flows, a significant reregulation strategy will be required. The solution to this problem is still unresolved but may require replacement of hydropower resources by expensive fossil-fueled thermal plants.
Tumor suppressors on 3p: A neoclassic quartet

With the demonstration by Cavenee et al. (1) of loss of alleles in familial tumors, validating the Knudson et al. (2) two-hit tumor suppressor hypothesis, it became possible to look for loss of regions of chromosomes in sporadic cancers of all types. Among the earliest reports of such losses were these reporting loss of regions of the short arm of chromosome 3 in lung and kidney cancers (3, 4). Since 1987, the losses on this chromosome have been under refinement, so that by 1993 it was clear that there were likely to be multiple tumor-suppressor genes on 3p, most pinpointed by homozygous deletions observed in cancer cell lines (5–7) or by familial cancer loci (8, 9). The search has been on for 3p tumor-suppressor genes, genes whose loss contributes to cancer development, since the early 1990s when the availability of markers from human chromosomes began to increase. At the same time, alterations of chromosome region 3p in other common human cancers such as cervical, breast, and stomach were increasingly reported (see Fig. 1). The 10-year search for the lung cancer-suppressor gene at chromosome region 3p12 (Fig. 1) has now culminated in a report (10) that says recreation in a knockout mouse of a naturally occurring cancer-associated homozygous exon 2 deletion of a gene called DUTT1/ROBO1 causes lung-specific developmental defects, and in surviving mice causes bronchial hyperplasia and dysplasia. The 3p21.3 region, which is among the most frequently lost in many types of cancer, has been the most difficult region in which to find tumor-suppressor genes.
Persistence of DDT in Soils of Heavily Sprayed Forest Stands

Soils from DDT-sprayed forest stands in New Brunswick and Maine contained DDT residues. The residues increased in successive samplings between 1958 and 1961, although no new spray was applied. The increase suggests that DDT residues may persist for several years in tree canopies but are ultimately carried into the soil
Immigrant Environmental Behaviors in New York City

Objective. This article compares environmental behaviors of immigrants and the native-born to answer questions about potential impacts of immigration on the U.S. environment. Methods. We consider immigrant/native-born differences in the likelihood of engaging in environmentally friendly behavior. With data from a survey of New York City residents, we test two hypotheses regarding environmental behavior: (1) controlling for environmental orientation, environmental knowledge, acculturation, community attachment, and economic status will reduce immigrant/native-born differences, and (2) controlling for race will increase immigrant/native-born differences. Results. Our analysis provided no support for the second hypothesis, but there were varied results for the first hypothesis depending on the type of environmental behavior considered. Conclusions. Our findings for New York City show that fears of immigrants being less likely to engage in environmentally friendly behaviors are unfounded. Of greater significance to environmental organizations is the lower level of immigrant involvement in environmentally oriented political behaviors, suggesting that continued immigration will present challenges both in making the environmental movement more ethnically diverse and in maintaining its vitality.
Clinical Utility of Ultra-Widefield Imaging with the Optos Optomap Compared with Indirect Ophthalmoscopy in the Setting of Non-Traumatic Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment.

AbstractPurpose: To evaluate the clinical utility of ultra-widefield imaging as an adjunctive tool in the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of eyes with non-traumatic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients with a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who received ultra-widefield imaging with the Optos® Optomap® P200Tx. Comparisons were made between UWF imaging and indirect ophthalmoscopy for features of detachments, including extent of detachment, holes, retinopexy, and related pathology. Results: Thirty-six eyes of 34 patients were included. Preoperatively, ultra-widefield imaging more precisely documented the extent of retinal detachments in the superior, inferior, and nasal quadrants in 13.9% of cases. Ultra-widefield imaging failed to detect retinal holes in the superior and inferior quadrants in 11.1% and 19.4% of cases, respectively. In postoperative imaging, UWF photos did not detect retinopexy which was ophthalmoscopy-visible both superiorly and inferiorl...
Partial Demineralization of Cottage Cheese Whey Using a Heat Treatment Process

Heat treatment of concentrated cottage cheese whey ultrafiltrate resulted in loss of calcium and phosphorus. Heat treatment at 100°C for 120 min resulted in a decrease of 21% of the calcium, 14% of the phosphorus, and 7% of the magnesium. Minimal browning of the concentrate occurs after 120 min. At 120°C, minimal browning had occurred after 60 min. Levels of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium had dropped by 41%, 36%, and 20%, respectively. Forty-eight percent of the calcium, 40% of the phosphorus and 26% of the magnesium were removed by heat treatment at 140°C for 24 min. At that point, browning was minimal. Losses of sodium and potassium were negligible for all cases. A first order rate expression was found to represent the precipitation process.