cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Grass Juice Factor in Turkey Nutrition

Abstract IN AN earlier report, Scott, Heuser and Norris (1948) presented results showing that turkey poults receiving a complex, practical-type, high energy ration well fortified with known vitamins and animal protein supplements required, in addition, an unidentified vitamin found to be present in crude casein. Because the unknown factor required by the turkey appears to have properties similar to those of factor S, an unidentified factor required by chicks, it was assumed that these factors are identical. In the present report, further studies are presented on the distribution and properties of this factor for turkeys. Evidence is also presented showing that this vitamin may be the same as the “grass juice factor” of Kohler et al. (1936). EXPERIMENTAL The basal ration used in all of the experiments described in this report is presented in Table 1. In order to ensure that this ration contained all of the known vitamins in adequate . . .
Testing a Mathematical Model of the Yeast Cell Cycle

We derived novel, testable predictions from a mathematical model of the budding yeast cell cycle. A key qualitative prediction of bistability was confirmed in a strain simultaneously lacking cdc14 and G1 cyclins. The model correctly predicted quantitative dependence of cell size on gene dosage of the G1 cyclin CLN3, but it incorrectly predicted strong genetic interactions between G1 cyclins and the anaphase-promoting complex specificity factor Cdh1. To provide constraints on model generation, we determined accurate concentrations for the abundance of all nine cyclins as well as the inhibitor Sic1 and the catalytic subunit Cdc28. For many of these we determined abundance throughout the cell cycle by centrifugal elutriation, in the presence or absence of Cdh1. In addition, perturbations to the Clb-kinase oscillator were introduced, and the effects on cyclin and Sic1 levels were compared between model and experiment. Reasonable agreement was obtained in many of these experiments, but significant experimental discrepancies from the model predictions were also observed. Thus, the model is a strong but incomplete attempt at a realistic representation of cell cycle control. Constraints of the sort developed here will be important in development of a truly predictive model.
Semantic memory: a bibliography, 1968-1975.

Semantic memory research is briefly described. Then a bibliography of 105 published references in semantic memory, calendar years, 1968–1975, is presented.
Feedback Analysis and Design of RF Power Links for Low-Power Bionic Systems

This paper presents a feedback-loop technique for analyzing and designing RF power links for transcutaneous bionic systems, i.e., between an external RF coil and an internal RF coil implanted inside the body. The feedback techniques shed geometric insight into link design and minimize algebraic manipulations. We demonstrate that when the loop transmission of the link's feedback loop is -1, the link is critically coupled, i.e., the magnitude of the voltage transfer function across the link is maximal. We also derive an optimal loading condition that maximizes the energy efficiency of the link and use it as a basis for our link design. We present an example of a bionic implant system designed for load power consumptions in the 1-10-mW range, a low-power regime not significantly explored in prior designs. Such low power levels add to the challenge of link efficiency, because the overhead associated with switching losses in power amplifiers at the link input and with rectifiers at the link output significantly degrade link efficiency. We describe a novel integrated Class-E power amplifier design that uses a simple control strategy to minimize such losses. At 10-mW load power consumption, we measure overall link efficiencies of 74% and 54% at 1- and 10-mm coil separations, respectively, in good agreement with our theoretical predictions of the link's efficiency. At 1-mW load power consumption, we measure link efficiencies of 67% and 51% at 1- and 10-mm coil separations, respectively, also in good accord with our theoretical predictions. In both cases, the link's rectified output dc voltage varied by less than 16% over link distances that ranged from 2 to 10 mm
Inhibitors of TonB Function Identified by a High-Throughput Screen for Inhibitors of Iron Acquisition in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073

ABSTRACT The urinary tract is one of the most common sites of infection in humans, and uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the main causative agent of urinary tract infections. Bacteria colonizing the urinary tract face extremely low iron availability. To counteract this, UPEC expresses a wide variety of iron acquisition systems. To exploit iron acquisition in UPEC as a global target for small-molecule inhibition, we developed and carried out a whole-cell growth-based high throughput screen of 149,243 compounds. Our primary assay was carried out under iron-limiting conditions. Hits in the primary screen were assayed using two counterscreens that ruled out iron chelators and compounds that inhibit growth by means other than inhibition of iron acquisition. We determined dose-response curves under two different iron conditions and purchased fresh compounds for selected hits. After retesting dose-response relationships, we identified 16 compounds that arrest growth of UPEC only under iron-limiting conditions. All compounds are bacteriostatic and do not inhibit proton motive force. A loss-of-target strategy was employed to identify the cellular target of these inhibitors. Two compounds lost inhibitory activity against a strain lacking TonB and were shown to inhibit irreversible adsorption of a TonB-dependent bacteriophage. Our results validate iron acquisition as a target for antibacterial strategies against UPEC and identify TonB as one of the cellular targets. IMPORTANCE Half of women will suffer at least one episode of urinary tract infection (UTI) during their lifetime. The current treatment for UTI involves antibiotic therapy. Resistance to currently used antibiotics has steadily increased over the last decade, generating a pressing need for the development of new therapeutic agents. Since iron is essential for colonization and scarce in the urinary tract, targeting iron acquisition would seem to be an attractive strategy. However, the multiplicity and redundancy of iron acquisition systems in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) make it difficult to pinpoint a specific cellular target. Here, we identified 16 iron acquisition inhibitors through a whole-cell high-throughput screen, validating iron acquisition as a target for antibacterial strategies against UPEC. We also identified the cellular target of two of the inhibitors as the TonB system.
Interaction in Social Networks

Social network research constitutes one of the most rapidly expanding academic areas and is emerging as an increasingly popular paradigm for social psychological inquiry. A social network perspective emphasizes the importance of social ties among actors in shaping individual behavior, and at the same time, focuses on the processes by which networks emerge out of, and mold, social interaction. Here we discuss basic principles and key theories associated with a network framework, and describe and illustrate elementary concepts, such as “weak ties” and centrality. We review applications in such areas as friendship, aggression, health, social support, social influence, small groups, close relationships, and the growing field of Internet network ties. We end with a call for greater attention to the “dark side” of network connections, a focus on the dynamic mechanisms by which networks influence microlevel behavior, and increased integration of network scholarship with core social psychology theories and constructs.
Comparison of Fluorescence Retrieval Algorithms using Radiative Transfer Simulations and Field Measurements

Performance of fluorescence height algorithms is analyzed based on synthesized and field data. In this paper we analyze performance of these algorithms for coastal waters conditions, using results of comprehensive measurements of the water parameters in the Chesapeake Bay in July 2005. Underwater upwelling radiances near water surface were measured by a GER spectroradiometer in the fiber optic mode which has 512 channels in the wavelength range from 300 to 1100 nm, normalized by the reflection from a Spectralon plate. Optical water characteristics were measured by a WET Labs package, which included an acs instrument (absorption and attenuation at 82 wavelengths) and a bb9 instrument (7 channels for backscattering in wavelength range from 400 to 715 nm, chlorophyll fluorescence and CDOM fluorescence).
Robust Stability Analysis for Interval Cohen–Grossberg Neural Networks With Unknown Time-Varying Delays

In this paper, robust stability problems for interval Cohen-Grossberg neural networks with unknown time-varying delays are investigated. Using linear matrix inequality, M -matrix theory, and Halanay inequality techniques, new sufficient conditions independent of time-varying delays are derived to guarantee the uniqueness and the global robust stability of the equilibrium point of interval Cohen-Grossberg neural networks with time-varying delays. All these results have no restriction on the rate of change of the time-varying delays. Compared to some existing results, these new criteria are less conservative and are more convenient to check. Two numerical examples are used to show the effectiveness of the present results.
Computational considerations for the study of defects in solids

A general method for the study of point and extended defects in non-metals has been formulated and a substantial computer program generated to allow the study of such systems in a routine manner. This method requires only a single ansatz; this is the effect of the defect in question is appreciable only in the immediate proximity of the defect. Beyond this region, the influence of the defect may be obtained from a simple response theory, which may be linear but is not required to be so. This response is manifested as a displacement of the ion cores and by the polarization of these atoms. This situation is considered in a mathematically rigorous extension of the local orbitals method of Adams-Gilbert-Kunz, using the approach defined by Kunz-Klein. This approach ultimately defines the system in terms of building blocks for the system, which may be defined in some arbitrary way. These building blocks form a natural point for parallelization of a computer code, and such has been simply accomplished. Each building block in turn is studied using slightly modified quantum chemical techniques at the Hartree-Fock and Moller-Plesset levels. These techniques are also parallelizable and such has been done. Thus a potential two levels of parallelization may be used here, and this makes possible an ultimate use of large-scale MIMD parallelism.
Regenerative medicine in 2015: Generating and regenerating the digestive system

Advances into understanding stem and progenitor cells and organoids of the gastrointestinal tract have continued apace. New research published in 2015 identified new cell populations involved in liver regeneration and highlighted the development of pancreatic and gastric organoids.
Directionality in ASL-English interpreting: Accuracy and articulation quality in L1 and L2.

Among spoken language interpreters, a long-standing question regarding directionality is whether interpretations are better when working into one’s native language (L1) or into one’s ‘active’ non-native language (L2). In contrast to studies that support working into L1, signed language interpreters report a preference for working into L2. Accordingly, we investigated whether signed language interpreters actually perform better when interpreting into their L2 (American Sign Language, ASL) or into their L1 (English). Interpretations by 30 interpreters (15 novice, 15 expert), delivered under experimental conditions, were assessed on accuracy (semantic content) and articulation quality (flow, speed, and prosody). For both measures, novices scored significantly better when interpreting into English (L1); experts were equally accurate, and showed similar articulation quality, in both directions. The results for the novice interpreters support the hypothesis that the difficulty of L2 production drives interpreting performance in relation to directionality. Findings also indicate a disconnect between direction preference and interpreting performance. Novices’ perception of their ASL production ability may be distorted because they can default to fingerspelling and transcoding. Weakness in self-monitoring of signing may also lead novices to overrate their ASL skills. Interpreter educators should stress misperceptions of signing proficiency that arise from available, but inappropriate, strategies.
Supplemental Screening for Breast Cancer in Women With Dense Breasts: A Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.

This systematic review, conducted to inform the new recommendation on breast cancer screening from the USPSTF, addresses supplemental breast cancer screening in women with dense breasts.
Aflibercept for the treatment of diabetic macular edema

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is an accumulation of fluid in the central retina, secondary to vascular-leakage from diabetic vascular damage. DME and other ophthalmic sequela of diabetes are the leading cause of blindness in 20 to 74-year-olds. The development of VEGF-inhibitors (anti-VEGF) has revolutionized DME treatment improving the clinician's ability to remove excess fluid from the macula, improving visual-acuity. Aflibercept is an anti-VEGF agent made of a recombinant fusion protein (consisting of VEGF receptors 1 and 2 extracellular domains) fused with the Fc-portion of human-IgG1, which binds both VEGF isoforms A and B, and placental growth factor. Phase III clinical trials and published scientific studies have demonstrated the efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept injection in the treatment of DME.
Electrostatic Effects and Counterion Condensation in Gels

A universal property of gels is that they undergo a volume phase transition when external conditions are varied. The equilibrium phase properties of these gels are well characterized by the classical Flory-Huggins theory [1]. However, the theory is not yet quantitative in the case of ionic gels [2]. Hence, we now consider the electrostatic effects on the equilibrium phase properties of ionic gels in an attempt to clarify the current discrepancies.
ROSET Model of TonB Action in Gram-negative Bacterial Iron Acquisition

The rotational surveillance and energy transfer (ROSET) model of TonB action suggests a mechanism by which the electrochemical proton gradient across the Gram-negative bacterial inner membrane (IM) promotes the transport of iron through ligand-gated porins (LGP) in the outer membrane (OM). TonB associates with the IM by an N-terminal hydrophobic helix that forms a complex with ExbBD. It also contains a central extended length of rigid polypeptide that spans the periplasm and a dimeric C-terminal-ββαβ-domain (CTD) with LysM motifs that binds the peptidoglycan (PG) layer beneath the OM bilayer. The TonB CTD forms a dimer with affinity for both PG- and TonB-independent OM proteins (e.g., OmpA), localizing it near the periplasmic interface of the OM bilayer. Porins and other OM proteins associate with PG, and this general affinity allows the TonB CTD dimer to survey the periplasmic surface of the OM bilayer. Energized rotational motion of the TonB N terminus in the fluid IM bilayer promotes the lateral movement of the TonB-ExbBD complex in the IM and of the TonB CTD dimer across the inner surface of the OM. When it encounters an accessible TonB box of a (ligand-bound) LGP, the monomeric form of the CTD binds and recruits it into a 4-stranded β-sheet. Because the CTD is rotating, this binding reaction transfers kinetic energy, created by the electrochemical proton gradient across the IM, through the periplasm to the OM protein. The equilibration of the TonB C terminus between the dimeric and monomeric forms that engage in different binding reactions allows the identification of iron-loaded LGP and then the internalization of iron through their trans-outer membrane β-barrels. Hence, the ROSET model postulates a mechanism for the transfer of energy from the IM to the OM, triggering iron uptake.
Handover Count Based UE Velocity Estimation in Hyper-Dense Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

In wireless cellular networks with densely deployed base stations, knowing the velocities of the user equipments (UEs) is a key for efficient mobility management. A simple and efficient way to estimate a UE's velocity is by counting the number of handovers made by the UE during a predefined time window. Indeed, handover-count based mobility state detection has been standardized since Long Term Evolution (LTE) Release-8 specifications. The increasing density of small cells in wireless networks is advantageous, as it can help in accurate estimation of velocity and mobility state of a UE. In this paper, we model densely deployed small cells using stochastic geometry, and derive an approximation to the probability mass function of handover count as a function of UE velocity, small cell density, and time interval of handover count measurement. Then we derive Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for the velocity estimate of a UE, and also provide an unbiased estimator for the UE's velocity. Our analysis shows that the accuracy of velocity estimation increases with increasing small cell density and with increasing time interval of handover count measurement.
Gene Therapy for the Treatment of Primary Immune Deficiencies

The use of gene therapy in the treatment of primary immune deficiencies (PID) has advanced significantly in the last decade. Clinical trials for X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency, adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA), chronic granulomatous disease, and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome have demonstrated that gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells and autologous transplant can result in clinical improvement and is curative for many patients. Unfortunately, early clinical trials were complicated by vector-related insertional mutagenic events for several diseases with the exception of ADA-deficiency SCID. These results prompted the current wave of clinical trials for primary immunodeficiency using alternative retro- or lenti-viral vector constructs that are self-inactivating, and they have shown clinical efficacy without leukemic events thus far. The field of gene therapy continues to progress, with improvements in viral vector profiles, stem cell culturing techniques, and site-specific genome editing platforms. The future of gene therapy is promising, and we are quickly moving towards a time when it will be a standard cellular therapy for many forms of PID.
Treatment of Facial Paralysis

A systematic approach based on knowledge of etiology and analysis of the deformity. Nerve repair, autogenous nerve anastomosis, and nerve cross-over techniques are emphasized.
Correlation Between Histological Diagnosis and Mutational Panel Testing of Thyroid Nodules: A Two-Year Institutional Experience.

Background: Indeterminate thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, including atypia of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) and suspicious for follicular neoplasm (SFN), continues to generate uncertainty about the presence of malignancy, resulting in repeated follow-up, repeat FNA, or diagnostic surgery. Mutational panel testing may improve the malignancy risk prediction in indeterminate nodules, but the general application of such testing has not been investigated extensively. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all patients undergoing thyroidectomy at a tertiary care facility over a two-year period. Mutational panel test results, when present, were analyzed relative to FNA cytologic result and surgical histopathologic diagnosis. Malignancy rates, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV) and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR) were calculated. Results: A total of 261 operated thyroid nodules had the following initial FNA cyto...
Utility of the of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Assessment Inventory (MDASI) for symptom evaluation during chemoradiation (CRT) in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies

6613 Background: Symptom assessment has become an important therapeutic endpoint in clinical trials. Measures that evaluate symptoms during CRT are needed for evaluation of clinical benefit in developing therapeutics and in monitoring quality improvement in clinical practice. Methods: 330 patients with gastrointestinal malignancies (Liver/Biliary:44; Colon:45; Rectal:197; Gastric:44) were evaluated during CRT with the self-reported MDASI-GI. All patients received 45–56Gy of radiation (1.8Gy/fraction); 78% received between 45–50.4Gy. In all cases fluoropyrimidine (oral or intravenous) was given concurrently during radiation. Lowess curves were used to describe the severity and pattern of each symptom evaluated. ANOVA was used to compare the mean severity of symptoms by tumor type. Follow-up evaluations were performed with a t-test using a Bonferroni corrected level of significance [p< 0.002]. Results: Relationships among symptoms were examined using 1,020 symptom measurements (Liver/Biliary:141; Colon:132;...
Arabic Windows: Arabicizing Windows Applications to Read and Write Arabic

This paper is technical in nature. It provides detailed instructions for enabling Arabic reading and writing capabilities in most Microsoft Windows versions, the major word-processing applications, and the major Internet web browsers. This paper also discusses useful, time-tested hints and resources for using Arabic with Windows including enabling the Arabic Proofing Tools, enabling the On Screen Arabic Keyboard, typing right-to-left, typing Hindi numerals, defining Arabic romanization keyboards, and finding Arabic fonts, English/Arabic keyboards, Arabic QWERTY keyboards, and Arabic keytop labels. This paper has been adapted from a manuscript the author is currently writing on resources for Arabic language study in America and on the Internet.
Asymmetric Discrete Graph Hashing.

Recently, many graph based hashing methods have been emerged to tackle large-scale problems. However, there exists two major bottlenecks: (1) directly learning discrete hashing codes is an NP-hardoptimization problem; (2) the complexity of both storage and computational time to build a graph with n data points is O(n2). To address these two problems, in this paper, we propose a novel yetsimple supervised graph based hashing method, asymmetric discrete graph hashing, by preserving the asymmetric discrete constraint and building an asymmetric affinity matrix to learn compact binary codes.Specifically, we utilize two different instead of identical discrete matrices to better preserve the similarity of the graph with short binary codes. We generate the asymmetric affinity matrix using m (m << n) selected anchors to approximate the similarity among all training data so that computational time and storage requirement can be significantly improved. In addition, the proposed method jointly learns discrete binary codes and a low-dimensional projection matrix to further improve the retrieval accuracy. Extensive experiments on three benchmark large-scale databases demonstrate its superior performance over the recent state of the arts with lower training time costs.
Response to Comment on “Observation of the Wigner-Huntington transition to metallic hydrogen”

Goncharov and Struzhkin present comments on our observation of metallic hydrogen. We show that most of their comments are unfounded and that our observation of a transition to a shiny, high-reflectance phase remains as evidence that hydrogen has transformed to the metallic phase.
Regulation of the Human Alcohol Dehydrogenase Genes ADH1 , ADH2 and ADH3 : Differences in Cis -Acting Sequences At CTF/NF-I Sites

Humans have three closely-related class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes, ADH1, ADH2 and ADH3. Each of these encodes an ADH polypeptide of about 40 kDa; these polypeptides form homo- and heterodimeric ADH isozymes that catalyze the reversible oxidation of a wide range of alcohols to their aldehydes (reviewed in Ehrig et al, 1990; Smith, 1986). The individual isozymes differ in kinetic properties and substrate specificities (Ehrig et al., 1990). They catalyze the rate-limiting step in ethanol oxidation, and in so doing they produce acetaldehyde, a toxic metabolite. Thus they are important enzymes in influencing the rate of ethanol oxidation and acetaldehyde production, and through that the physiological and pathological effects of ethanol ingestion.
Temporal and spatial expression of neuropilin-1 in focal cerebral ischemic brain

6 Neuropilin-1 is a receptor for vascular endothelial grow factor 165 isoform (VEGF 165 ) and plays roles in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Neuropilin-1 also binds to semaphorin III which is an inhibitor to axon guidance signal. To seek evidence that neuropilin-1 may play roles in ischemic brain, we examined the temporal and spatial profiles of its expression after focal cerebral ischemia. Male Wistar Rats (n=42) were subjected to 1h to 28 days of embolic middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Expression of neuropilin-1 was measured by Northern blot, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Upregulation of neuropilin-1 mRNA was detected in the ischemic hemisphere on Northern blots at 2h and persisted at least 28 days after ischemia. In situ hybridization revealed increased mRNA in the ischemic injury neurons around the boundary of the ischemic lesion at 4h to 48h after ischemia. Seven to twenty-eight days after ischemia, neuropilin-1 mRNA was localized to vessels within the ischemic lesion. Immunostaining for neuropilin-1 showed that some of the ischemic neurons were neuropilin-1 immunoreactive at 2h to 4h after ischemia, and cerebral blood vessels within the ischemic lesion were neuropilin-1 immunoreactive at 2 days to 28 days after ischemia. In addition, hypertrophic astrocytes around the boundary of the ischemic lesion were neuropilin-1 immunoreactive at 1 day to 28 days after ischemia. Double immunofluorescent staining for neuropilin-1 and VEGF showed that neuropilin-1 immunoreactive vessels and astrocytes exhibited VEGF immunoreactivity. Thus our data suggest that upregulation of neuropilin-1 may play a role in angiogenesis in ischemic brain.
Control of Early Flame Kernel Growth by Multi-Wavelength Laser Pulses for Enhanced Ignition

The present contribution examines the impact of plasma dynamics and plasma-driven fluid dynamics on the flame growth of laser ignited mixtures and shows that a new dual-pulse scheme can be used to control the kernel formation process in ways that extend the lean ignition limit. We perform a comparative study between (conventional) single-pulse laser ignition (λ = 1064 nm) and a novel dual-pulse method based on combining an ultraviolet (UV) pre-ionization pulse (λ = 266 nm) with an overlapped near-infrared (NIR) energy addition pulse (λ = 1064 nm). We employ OH* chemiluminescence to visualize the evolution of the early flame kernel. For single-pulse laser ignition at lean conditions, the flame kernel separates through third lobe detachment, corresponding to high strain rates that extinguish the flame. In this work, we investigate the capabilities of the dual-pulse to control the plasma-driven fluid dynamics by adjusting the axial offset of the two focal points. In particular, we find there exists a beam waist offset whereby the resulting vorticity suppresses formation of the third lobe, consequently reducing flame stretch. With this approach, we demonstrate that the dual-pulse method enables reduced flame speeds (at early times), an extended lean limit, increased combustion efficiency, and decreased laser energy requirements.
Building Research Capacity in a Mobile Psychiatric Rehabilitation Program: Service Learning in a University-Agency Collaboration:

Social service agencies face increasing demands for accountability, emphasizing the necessity of preparing professionals to effectively evaluate practice. University-agency collaborations incorpora...
Instrumental Methods Used in Food Analysis

The development of solid state electronics, grating optics, microprocessors, and minicomputers represents but a few of the outstanding changes that have occurred in analytical instruments over the past decade. Instruments are, as a result of these developments, more stable and reliable, and afford the food chemist more convenient techniques of data acquisition.
Clinical Advances by the MGH Department of Radiation Oncology

The unambiguous goal of the MGH Department of Radiation Oncology is to work intensively to substantially increase the proportion of treated patients who are free of tumor and of treatment-related morbidity. There is acute awareness of the high incidence of cancer each year and the fact that we do not achieve our goal of cure in a significant proportion of patients. Thus, we are definitely sensitive to the fact that there are many questions to be posed and that the answering of those questions requires imaginative and thoughtful laboratory and clinical research. Importantly, there is no ambiguity that time is moving on without the slightest delay. The need for critical questions and the relentless progress of time are clearly illustrated by Fig. 1.
Healthy postmenopausal women adapt to reduce zinc absorption in response to zinc supplementation

To assess adaptation to chronic Zn supplementation, Zn absorption was measured in healthy, postmenopausal women fed a low-Zn diet (3-6 mg Zn/d) with 9, 27, or 42 mg Zn/d added with meals for 22 wk ...
Self-Presentational Aspects of Maladaptive Behavior

The impressions others form of us substantially determine how they treat us in social encounters. A man who is thought to be friendly, open, and honest, for example, is treated much differently than one who is viewed as dishonest, narcissistic, and cold. A woman whom others see as strong and competent receives quite different reactions than does a woman who is perceived as weak and ineffectual. Teachers react quite differently to a student who appears to be interested and motivated than to one who seems bored and unmotivated. Moreover, whether the impressions others hold of us are accurate is, in a sense, beside the point. Veridical or not, their impressions mediate much of their behavior toward us. As a result, social psychologists have long been interested in the processes involved in forming impressions of other people (see Harvey & Weary, 1982; Nisbett & Ross, 1980; Schneider, Hastorf, & Ellsworth, 1979).
Improving feedback by using first-person video during the emergency medicine clerkship.

Author(s): Hoonpongsimanont, Wirachin; Feldman, Maja; Bove, Nicholas; Sahota, Preet Kaur; Velarde, Irene; Anderson, Craig L; Wiechmann, Warren | Abstract: Purpose:Providing feedback to students in the emergency department during their emergency medicine clerkship can be challenging due to time constraints, the logistics of direct observation, and limitations of privacy. The authors aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of first-person video, captured via Google Glass™, to enhance feedback quality in medical student education. Material and methods:As a clerkship requirement, students asked patients and attending physicians to wear the Google Glass™ device to record patient encounters and patient presentations, respectively. Afterwards, students reviewed the recordings with faculty, who provided formative and summative feedback, during a private, one-on-one session. We introduced the intervention to 45, fourth-year medical students who completed their mandatory emergency medicine clerkships at a United States medical school during the 2015-2016 academic year. Results:Students assessed their performances before and after the review sessions using standardized medical school evaluation forms. We compared students' self-assessment scores to faculty assessment scores in 14 categories using descriptive statistics and symmetric tests. The overall mean scores, for each of the 14 categories, ranged between 3 and 4 (out of 5) for the self-assessment forms. When evaluating the propensity of self-assessment scores toward the faculty assessment scores, we found no significant changes in all 14 categories. Although not statistically significant, one fifth of students changed perspectives of their clinical skills (history taking, performing physical exams, presenting cases, and developing differential diagnoses and plans) toward faculty assessments after reviewing the video recordings. Conclusion:First-person video recording still initiated the feedback process, allocated specific time and space for feedback, and possibly substituted for the direct observation procedure. Additional studies, with different outcomes and larger sample sizes, are needed to understand the effectiveness of first-person video in improving feedback quality.
Risk-Based Methodology for Evaluation of Bioinfiltration Design and Performance

AbstractGreen infrastructure practices are being implemented as a sustainable way to manage stormwater. Many communities are implementing green infrastructure practices on their own and in conjunct...
From the Schools to the Streets: Education and Anti-Regime Resistance in the West Bank:

Are better educated individuals more likely to engage in anti-regime resistance and why? Scholars of democratic politics widely view education as a key factor shaping political participation. Yet, ...
Demand Response Operation of Electricity-Intensive Chemical Processes for Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Application to an Air Separation Unit

A recent push for reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has led (in part) to the addition of renewable electricity generation sources to the power generation mix. Renewables such as wind and solar are desynchronized from grid demand, requiring the use of fossil fuels to bridge the gap. We propose a novel production scheduling formulation, emissions-minimizing production (EMP), which utilizes time-based information on the nature of the power generation mix to lower GHG emissions related to the transmission and generation of electricity for industrial users. We demonstrate the application of EMP on a single-column air separation unit. The scheduling problem is cast as a mixed integer linear program that can be solved in a practical amount of time. Extensive numerical studies are used to place EMP in the context of other production scheduling methods (such as demand response), and demonstrate its potential for significant reductions in GHG emissions.
Severe bilateral descemetoceles in Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

Abstract Purpose To report a case of severe bilateral descemetoceles in a patient with alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency during intensive care unit hospitalization. Observations A 42-year-old male presented with sub-acute bilateral vision loss during an intensive care unit hospitalization following liver and kidney transplantations. On exam, this patient's best-corrected visual acuity was 20/80 in both eyes. There were bilateral descemetoceles inferotemporally in both eyes with overlying epithelial defects and dense surrounding punctate epithelial staining. The patient was initially treated with gatifloxacin drops and frequent lubricating ointment. Given the concern for impending perforation, cyanoacrylate glue with bandage contact lens was applied to both eyes. His best corrected visual acuity remained unchanged in the right eye and improved to 20/30 in the left eye. Upon medical stabilization, anterior lamellar graft was performed in the right eye, with plans for the same treatment in the left eye in the future. Conclusions As A1AT is found in the tear film and is believed to play a role in regulating protease activity in the cornea, we hypothesize that this patient's A1AT deficiency exacerbated the progression of corneal ulceration leading to severe descemetocele formation.
A national analysis of 9655 pediatric cerebrovascular malformations: effect of hospital volume on outcomes

OBJECTIVE Comprehensive multicenter data on the surgical treatment of pediatric cerebrovascular malformations (CVMs) in the US are lacking. The goal of this study was to identify national trends in patient demographics and assess the effect of hospital case volume on outcomes. METHODS Admissions for CVMs (1997-2012) were identified from the nationwide Kids' Inpatient Database. Admissions with and without craniotomy were reviewed separately. Patients were categorized by whether they were treated at low-, medium-, or high-volume centers ( 40 cases/year, respectively). A generalized linear model was used to evaluate the association of hospital pediatric CVM case volume and clinical variables assessing outcomes. RESULTS Among the 9655 patients, 1828 underwent craniotomy and 7827 did not. Patient age and race differed in the two groups, as did the rate of private medical payers. High-volume hospitals had fewer nonroutine discharges (11.2% [high] vs 16.4% [medium] vs 22.3% [low], p = 0.0001). For admissions requiring craniotomy, total charges ($106,282 [high] vs $126,215 [medium] vs $134,978 [low], p < 0.001) and complication rates (0.09% [high] vs 0.11% [medium] vs 0.16% [low], p = 0.001) were lower in high-volume centers. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that further investigation may be needed regarding barriers to surgical treatment of pediatric CVMs. The authors found that surgical treatment of pediatric CVM at high-volume centers is associated with significantly fewer complications, better dispositions, and lower costs, but for noncraniotomy patients, low-volume centers had lower rates of complications and death and lower costs. These findings may support the consideration of appropriate referral of CVM patients requiring surgery or with intracranial hemorrhage toward high-volume, specialized centers.
The search for the most conductive metal for narrow interconnect lines

A major challenge for the continued downscaling of integrated circuits is the resistivity increase of Cu interconnect lines with decreasing dimensions. Alternative metals have the potential to mitigate this resistivity bottleneck by either (a) facilitating specular electron interface scattering and negligible grain boundary reflection or (b) a low bulk mean free path that renders resistivity scaling negligible. Recent research suggests that specular electron scattering at the interface between the interconnect metal and the liner layer requires a low density of states at the interface and in the liner (i.e., an insulating liner) and either a smooth epitaxial metal-liner interface or only weak van der Waals bonding as typical for 2D liner materials. The grain boundary contribution to the room-temperature resistivity becomes negligible if the grain size is large (>200 nm or ten times the linewidth for wide or narrow conductors, respectively) or if the electron reflection coefficient is small due to low-energy boundaries and electronic state matching of neighboring grains. First-principles calculations provide a list of metals (Rh, Pt, Ir, Nb, Ru, Ni, etc.) with a small product of the bulk resistivity times the bulk electron mean free path ρo × λ, which is an indicator for suppressed resistivity scaling. However, resistivity measurements on epitaxial layers indicate considerably larger experimental ρo × λ values for many metals, indicating the breakdown of the classical transport models at small (<10 nm) dimensions and suggesting that Ir is the most promising elemental metal for narrow high-conductivity interconnects, followed by Ru and Rh.
Research and the Integration of Asian and Environmental Studies

This is the second of three special issues of ANE devoted to a series of explorations of the generative impact of the Luce Foundation’s LIASE initiative. Designed to increase the integration of Asian and Environmental Studies in our classrooms, research, and practice, the LIASE program has had a profound effect in each domain. This issue nicely demonstrates how the grant has enabled colleagues at four institutions to develop innovative research questions that led to new lines of scholarship.
Emergency Department Psychiatric Observation Units: Good Care and Good Money?

The boarding of Psychiatric Emergency Department patients continues to be a crisis across our country. As healthcare leaders navigate the challenges of COVID -19 there is an amplified urgency for novel solutions to this complex problem. Congested waiting rooms and hallways, the unfortunate byproduct of boarding, result in emergency departments becoming a potential focal point for disease transmission. Given the financial losses that many health care institutions have incurred due to the pandemic, understanding the fiscal implications of any intervention is paramount.
Drug effectiveness reporting and monitoring systems: discussion and prototype development

While tracking systems have been developed to decrease occurrences and consequences of medication errors in healthcare facilities, there is a growing need for similar systems to monitor drugs that have just entered the market with unknown adverse events. Between 1997 and 2005, the FDA's MedWatch system successfully identified 15 drugs with toxic side-effects; it took an average of 5.9 years for identification and removal of such drugs. We propose an online surveying system, coupled with continuous monitoring by participating pharmacists, that could significantly reduce the identification time and the removal time. Further, we analyse the potential for leveraging advances in semantic web and ontology development to populate the database of the proposed system.
Offline Showrooms in Omnichannel Retail: Demand and Operational Benefits

Omnichannel environments where customers shop online and offline at the same retailer are ubiquitous, and are deployed by online-first and traditional retailers alike. We focus on the relatively understudied domain of online-first retailers and the engagement of a key omnichannel tactic; specifically, introduction of showrooms physical locations where customers can view and try products in combination with online fulfillment that uses centralized inventory management. We ask whether, and if so, how, showrooms benefit the two most basic retail objectives: demand generation and operational efficiency. Using quasi-experimental data on showroom openings by WarbyParker.com , the leading and iconic online-first eyewear retailer, we find that showrooms: 1 increase demand overall and in the online channel as well; 2 generate operational spillovers to the other channels by attracting customers who, on average, have a higher cost-to-serve; 3 improve overall operational efficiency by increasing conversion in a sampling channel and by decreasing returns; and 4 amplify these demand and operational benefits in dealing with customers who have the most acute need for the firm's products. Moreover, the effects we document strengthen with time as showrooms contribute not only to brand awareness but also to what we term channel awareness as well. We conclude by elaborating the underlying customer dynamics driving our findings and by offering implications for how online-first retailers might deploy omnichannel tactics. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DESIGN OF NUCLEAR SYSTEMS EMPOWERED BY ADVANCED MANUFACTURING

Implicit in any engineering design is an underlying optimization problem, although the exact objective function to be optimized is rarely stated explicitly. Nuclear systems optimization is as old as the discipline of nuclear engineering. Advanced manufacturing in the nuclear industry has opened the door for the re-examination of optimization in a way in which it was not possible before, namely, determining the optimal geometry for a given objective function. A trivial example is the sphere as the shape that minimizes the volume (or mass) of bare fissile material in a critical configuration. However, the problem becomes less trivial under even the simplest of multiphysics considerations. In this work, we develop the solution methodology for finding the minimum volume geometric configurations under the multiphysics constraints of 1,500 pcm excess reactivity and maximum fuel temperature of 618°C under forced-flow cooling conditions. Constraining the solution geometry only to right cylinders, surprisingly yields two disjoint solution regions. Flat, wide (disk-like) cylinders and tall, narrow (rod-like) cylinders both satisfy the constraints and yield very similar minimal volumes. However, the ultimate pursuit of this work is truly arbitrary geometry.
Perceptions of Infidelity with Sex Robots

In two surveys of adults in the United States (N=723), we asked about perceptions of the degree to which a variety of behaviors, when engaged in with a sex robot or a human, would constitute monogamous relationship infidelity (Study 1), and also asked respondents to consider monogamous partner behavior when committed with a robot that was matched to sexual partner preferences (Study 2). Study 1 revealed that acts committed with sex robots were considered less severe and less likely to be judged as infidelity as those same acts committed with another human. Results further revealed that male survey respondents rated all partner behaviors with sex robots as less likely to constitute cheating behavior than their female counterparts. This finding may be explained by the portrayal of sex robots as hyper-feminized female sexual partners for men, both in the way these technologies are presented as well as how they are sold. However, when asked to consider a sex robot that was matched to males or females (Study 2), this difference disappeared. For all respondents, giving sex robots specificity as either male or female resulted in higher ratings of partner infidelity as compared to Study 1. This work allows us to empirically speak to a common concern at the center of many debates over the societal implications of sex robots---potential harm to human relationships.
Increased Cyclin G1 Immunoreactivity During Alzheimer's Disease.

Numerous proteins are alternatively expressed in neurons and glia during Alzheimer's dis- ease (AD) and may contribute to the regulation of neu- ronal cell death or function in regenerative responses to neuronal injury. A recently described member of the cyclin gene family, cyclin G1, is expressed in post- mitotic neurons in the adult rat brain and is expressed at high levels after brain injury. In the current study we examined the expression and subcellular distribution of cyclin G1 in non-demented adult and AD brain. While low levels of cyclin G1 protein were observed in py- ramidal neurons in control brain, abundant cyclin G1 immunoreactivity was present in the cytoplasm of py- ramidal neurons in the neocortex and hippocampus of AD brain. Cyclin G1 immunoreactivity was not present in cells containing neurofibrillary pathology. Our re- sults indicate that cyclin G1 is expressed in human adult brain and exhibits increased immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm of pyramidal neurons in AD. In addition, cyclin G1 immunoreactivity was not evident in cells containing cytoskeletal pathology.