cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long wave infrared tunable filter based on guided mode resonant effect

We describe here a tunable long wave infrared (LWIR) band filter based on the guided mode resonant filter (GMRF) effect. The device consists of a subwavelength dielectric grating sandwiched between planar layers of contrasting dielectric materials. Using a rigorous electromagnetic design and analysis method we demonstrate how a strong narrow band reflectance can be induced. Moreover, the resonant wavelength can be easily tuned over the entire 8-12 micron band by mechanically tilting the device with respect to the optical axis. Simulation and experimental results are presented demonstrating the effectiveness of the device.
The Application of Equipment Error-proofing on Flexible Assembly

The purpose of error-proofing is to ensure products manufacturing quality,to prevent mixing errors during the production of multiple models.Through the establishment of error-proofing devices designed,maintenance error-proofing devices,validation error-proofing devices and a series of standardization steps,to achieve the purpose of not receive,not manufacture,not pass defects;Through a series of equipment error-proofing device applications,combined with practical experience in the operation results show that the continuous improvement of the equipment error-proofing,must be able to completely control all kinds of mistakes From the source.
Pulmonary cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system and Clara cell differentiation in rats

Because a number of studies suggest that the developmental expression of cytochrome P-450s (CYP) in Clara cells is species specific, this study was designed to compare the developmental patterns of the isoform CYP2B and NADPH reductase protein expression and CYP2B activity with the time course of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) formation in Clara cells of rat lung. Pulmonary CYP2B activity measured as pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylation in lung homogenates was not detectable before 7 days postnatal age, but was detectable at adult levels at 50 days postnatal age. In Clara cells, CYP2B and NADPH reductase were detected immunohistochemically at 4 days postnatal age and at adult levels at 10 days postnatal age. The volume density of SER in Clara cells of terminal bronchioles measured morphometrically increased significantly with postnatal age. We conclude that in the rat 1) CYP2B and NADPH reductase distribution and CYP2B activity are age dependent; 2) the increase in Clara cell SER precedes the expression of CYP2B protein; 3) cellular appearance of CYP2B protein precedes CYP activity; and 4) SER appearance and P-450 protein expression do not occur uniformly in differentiating Clara cells, even within the same bronchiole.
“I Have to Age in This Body”: Lesbian and Bisexual Older Women's Perspectives on a Health Behavior Intervention

Abstract Background Despite the body of literature that suggests lesbian and bisexual (LB) women are more likely to be overweight or obese than heterosexual women and the overwhelming evidence that tailored interventions are most effective at changing behavior, a vacuum of culturally appropriate programs designed specifically for LB women still exists. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine LB women's perceptions of Project LOLA (Living Out, Living Actively), a 16-week intentional health promotion program tailored specifically for LB women aged 40 and older. Methods Researchers conducting this qualitative descriptive study employed a template approach to text analysis to capture insights into participants' perceptions of Project LOLA. Data were derived from two primary sources: weekly support group facilitator notes of participants' comments and participant focus group interviews conducted at the conclusion of the study. PEN-3, an ecologically oriented model that identifies individual, family, community, and systemic influences on behavior change, guided the analysis. Findings Study participants emphasized the importance of incorporating culture into health interventions for LB women. They valued having a safe space to talk about their health issues and health-related changes. Interacting with people who understood the culturally specific norms of the LB community was cited as particularly beneficial. Conclusions Interventions tailored to LB women may generate stronger results and/or be better received if they are designed in a culturally relevant and supportive manner. Such interventions hold promise as a tool to help address health disparities faced by this population.
SU-F-J-151: Evaluation of a Magnetic Resonance Image Gated Radiotherapy System Using a Motion Phantom and Radiochromic Film

Purpose: Magnetic resonance image (MRI) guided radiotherapy enables gating directly on target position for soft-tissue targets in the lung and abdomen. We present a dosimetric evaluation of a commercially-available FDA-approved MRI-guided radiotherapy system's gating performance using a MRI-compatible respiratory motion phantom and radiochromic film. Methods: The MRI-compatible phantom was capable of one-dimensional motion. The phantom consisted of a target rod containing high-contrast target inserts which moved inside a body structure containing background contrast material. The target rod was equipped with a radiochromic film insert. Treatment plans were generated for a 3 cm diameter spherical target, and delivered to the phantom at rest and in motion with and without gating. Both sinusoidal and actual tumor trajectories (two free-breathing trajectories and one repeated-breath hold) were used. Gamma comparison at 5%/3mm was used to measure fidelity to the static target dose distribution. Results: Without gating, gamma pass rates were 24–47% depending on motion trajectory. Using our clinical standard of repeated breath holds and a gating window of 3 mm with 10% of the target allowed outside the gating boundary, the gamma pass rate was 99.6%. Relaxing the gating window to 5 mm resulted in gamma pass rate of 98.6% with repeated breath holds. For all motion trajectories gated with 3 mm margin and 10% allowed out, gamma pass rates were between 64–100% (mean:87.5%). For a 5 mm margin and 10% allowed out, gamma pass rates were between 57–98% (mean: 82.49%), significantly lower than for 3 mm by paired t-test (p=0.01). Conclusion: We validated the performance of respiratory gating based on real-time cine MRI images with the only FDA-approved MRI-guided radiotherapy system. Our results suggest that repeated breath hold gating should be used when possible for best accuracy. A 3 mm gating margin is statistically significantly more accurate than a 5 mm gating margin.
Operations for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

The patient is a 58-year-old man with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). His pulmonary function tests have become progressively worse over the past 2 years. He has had heartburn and regurgitation for many years, and frequently wakes up at night with fluid in his mouth and coughing. His evaluation included these findings:
Positional Neutralization in an Exemplar Model: The Role of Unique Inflectional Bases

This paper explores whether an exemplar-based framework is capable of modeling positional neutralization (specifically, final devoicing) within a morphological paradigm. In an initial simulation of a 10-item lexicon, a statistical bias towards final devoicing and a similarity bias for words in the same paradigm to resemble each other combined to yield morphological leveling: word-final voiceless obstruents in one form spread even to morphologically related forms in which they were not word-final. These simulations were incapable of modeling a language with voicing alternations, as attested in German and other languages with final devoicing. However, the simulations were successful when the similarity bias was modified such that words were under pressure to resemble their morphologically related counterparts only when those counterparts were informative (i.e., not neutralized). I conclude that in order for exemplar models to be descriptively adequate, they must implement paradigm uniformity among surface forms that is crucially asymmetrical.
Miyaura boration reaction

Palladium-catalyzed reaction of aryl halides with diboron reagent to produce arylboronates.
The Way to Awaken

Hanser reveals how music can awaken the breath, body, mind, and energy. Using a broad definition of awakening, she presents techniques for musical awakening, including active breath work, focusing, movement, yoga, drumming, imagery, lyric analysis, humming, playing singing bowls, chanting through the chakras, and singing Power Songs. Hanser describes a technique to literally awaken after surgery, or a medically-induced sleep. The opportunities for music therapy to awaken are vast, when there is openness to new ways of unlocking creativity.
Benzodiazepine-refractory status epilepticus: pathophysiology and principles of treatment

Cholinergic status epilepticus (CSE) quickly becomes self-sustaining, independent of its initial trigger, and resistant to benzodiazepines and other antiepileptic drugs. We review a few of the many physiological changes associated with CSE, with an emphasis on receptor trafficking. Time-dependent internalization of synaptic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors explains, in part, the loss of inhibition and the loss of response to benzodiazepines in the early stages of CSE. The increase in N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors may contribute to the runaway excitation and excitotoxicity of CSE. These changes have therapeutic implications. The time-dependent increase in maladaptive changes points to the importance of early treatment. The involvement of both inhibitory and excitatory systems challenges current therapeutic guidelines, which recommend treating only one system, and questions the rationale for monotherapy. It suggests that polytherapy may be needed, especially when treatment is delayed, so that drugs can only reach a much reduced number of GABAA receptors. Finally, it raises the possibility that the current practice of waiting for one treatment to fail before starting the next drug may need to be reevaluated.
Epidemiology of Epilepsy

All children 3 years of age on Jan 1, 1975 in Fuchu City, Tokyo, a total of 17,044 of a population of 182,000, were examined neurologically at the Health Center and the Dept of Genetics, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neurosciences, Tokyo, Japan.
Changing Paradigms in Detection of Dysplasia and Management of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Is Colectomy Still Necessary?

This review chronicles the evolution of dysplasia detection and management in inflammatory bowel disease since 1925, the year the first case report of colitis-related colorectal cancer was published. We conclude that colorectal cancer prevention and dysplasia management for patients with inflammatory bowel disease has changed since this first case report, from somewhat hopeless to hopeful.
Three Strategies To Foster Diversity in the Food Movement

This commentary explores strategies for coalition-building and reallocating resources across racial divides within alternative food systems. Following analysis of a set of public conversations held in Atlanta, Georgia, in spring 2015, I identify three strategies that may promote greater diversity: (1) the allocation of institutional and academic resources beyond historically privileged spaces; (2) the development of a shared historical context for framing and shaping collaborative, antiracist work; and (3) the commitment of policy-makers to execute the ideas of food producers. These strategies, pursued in conjunction, may aid in addressing regional and neighborhood discrepancies in representation in food system leadership and also foster a stronger, antiracist alternative food system.
Environmental Dashboards: Fostering Pro-environmental and Pro-community Thought and Action Through Feedback

Early humans experienced intimate and continuous feedback from the natural world that informed and constrained decision-making and helped individuals see themselves as part of larger wholes. This experience and perspective has been undermined by cultural, economic and ecological transformation. Characterization of universities as “ivory towers” reflects a parallel separation and alienation—a perceived disconnect between knowledge generation and practical application to solve societal challenges. This paper reviews how “environmental dashboard” is being used as a novel form of “ecofeedback” to engage educational institutions with the ecological and social communities in which they are embedded. The dashboard technology and approach incorporate three scales of feedback: (1) “building dashboards” dynamically display water and electricity consumption in individual buildings; (2) “citywide dashboards” animate whole community resource flows; (3) “community voices” combine images and words drawn from interviews to celebrate local thought and action that advance sustainability in diverse communities. A pilot implementation in Oberlin, Ohio displays all three components on digital signs in public spaces including schools, storefronts, community organizations and the Oberlin College campus. We use this as a case study to explore how students and faculty have employed an educational model emphasizing civic engagement to develop and manage the technology and co-produce knowledge and content with the larger community. Research indicates that this technology enhances systems thinking, promotes energy and water conservation and stimulates content retention. The technology and findings are widely applicable to other communities that are now implementing environmental dashboard.
A Psychometric Review of Instruments for Social Justice and Advocacy Attitudes

The authors review instruments measuring social justice and advocacy. A review of the literature revealed four scales that met inclusion criteria. The Activism Orientation Scale (AOS), Social Issues Advocacy Scale (SIAS), Social Issues Questionnaire (SIQ), and the Social Justice Scale (SJS) are evaluated in terms of item development, psychometric properties, and practical utility. Each instrument was evaluated on item development, reliability (internal consistency, test-retest reliability), and evidence for validity (in terms of content, internal structure, and relationship with other variables). In general, all of the instruments lacked adequate levels of psychometric evidence in test-retest reliability, validation on more diverse samples, and use of more robust confirmatory methods (e.g., confirmatory factor analysis). Recommendations and future directions for research are discussed.
Pregnancy context and women's health-related quality of life.

Abstract Objective The objective was to quantify the association of pregnancy context and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Study design English- or Spanish-speaking women, aged 16–44, with pregnancies Results We enrolled 161 participants (mean age=27.2±6.6 years). Only 14% self-identified as White, non-Hispanic; 42% Hispanic; 37% Black, non-Hispanic; and 7% multiracial. Most (79%) participants were unmarried, and 75% were parenting. Mean gestational age was 9±4.6 weeks. In unadjusted models, women reporting mixed feelings about wanting to have a baby, an undesired pregnancy or feeling unhappy about learning of their pregnancy more frequently had low mental and physical HRQoL compared to women reporting wanted, desired, happy pregnancies. Women with an unplanned pregnancy or pregnancy occurring at the wrong time also had lower physical HRQoL than women reporting pregnancies that were planned or happened at the right time. However, after multivariate adjustment, including history of depression, pregnancy contexts were not associated with low mental or physical HRQoL. Conclusions After adjusting for multiple confounders, pregnancy context is not significantly associated with HRQoL. Implications The focus on pregnancy intention in public health programs may not sufficiently assess multidimensional aspects of pregnancy context and may not align with patient-centered outcomes such as HRQoL.
Neuropsychological Changes after Anterior Temporal Lobectomy

In the first part of this chapter, we present a selective review of neuropsychological changes after anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL). Proposed models for neuropsychological effects of ATL are presented, followed by a review of research on changes in cognitive function, with emphasis on memory and learning, language, and musical processing. Methodological problems that complicate the interpretation of research findings on neuropsychological consequences of surgery are described. In the remainder of this chapter, we present data from a series of recent studies in our laboratory examining changes in memory, language, and musical processing. Patients with medically refractory complex partial seizure disorders who are surgical candidates typically show a mean level of preoperative performance below that of normal control samples. Developmental history, particularly age at first risk factor for brain injury and age of onset of seizures, appears to be important for predicting pre-and postoperative neuropsychological function. Before surgery, those with early onset of seizures often have the poorest baseline performance. After surgery, early risk is an important predictor of cognitive outcome. Our finding of less disruption of memory and language 2–3 weeks after surgery in patients with early risks is consistent with the hypothesis that early brain injury is associated with reorganization of function.
Whom are We Teaching? Members of Communities

This article advocates using real-life scenarios to help students understand that the law does not exist in a vacuum, but actually serves to help members of communities.
Epitaxial Growth of Heterostructured Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

This chapter introduces the synthesis and applications of several heterostructures grown through the epitaxial process, including core/shell quantum dots (QD), core/shell upconversion nanoparticles and gold-based heterostructures. The heterostructured nanoparticles can be generated either by non-epitaxial or epitaxial techniques. In the non-epitaxial approach, the heterostructures are prepared by polycrystalline or amorphous growth process without matching of the lattice, covalent conjugation of surface functional groups, or physical absorption. QDs are nanocrystals made of semiconductor materials with a few hundred or a few thousand atoms. Among core/shell QDs, CdSe/ZnS heterostructure is one of the most commonly studied nanosystems, which was first reported in 1996. Optical imaging possesses numerous advantages, such as high sensitivity, low cost and short acquisition time, QDs and other optical imaging probes face a significant challenge for in vivo applications due to their limited tissue penetration.
Applying next generation sequencing with microdroplet PCR to determine the disease-causing mutations in retinal dystrophies.

Abstract Background Inherited Retinal dystrophy (IRD) is a broad group of inherited retinal disorders with heterogeneous genotypes and phenotypes. Next generation sequencing (NGS) methods have been broadly applied for analyzing patients with IRD. Here we report a novel approach to enrich the target gene panel by microdroplet PCR. Methods This assay involved a primer library which targeted 3071 amplicons from 2078 exons comprised of 184 genes involved in retinal function and/or retinal development. We amplified the target regions using the RainDance target enrichment PCR method and sequenced the products using the MiSeq NGS platform. Results In this study, we analyzed 82 samples from 67 families with IRD. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that this procedure was able to reach 99% coverage of target sequences with an average sequence depth of reads at 119×. The variants detected by this study were filtered, validated, and prioritized by pathogenicity analysis. Genotypes and phenotypes were correlated by determining a consistent relationship in 38 propands (56.7%). Pathogenic variants in genes related to retinal function were found in another 11 probands (16.4%), but the clinical correlations showed inconsistencies and insufficiencies in these patients. Conclusions The application of NGS in IRD clinical molecular diagnosis provides a powerful approach to exploring the etiology and pathology in patients. It is important for the clinical laboratory to interpret the molecular findings in the context of patient clinical presentations because accurate interpretation of pathogenic variants is critical for delivering solid clinical molecular diagnosis to clinicians and patients and improving the standard care of patients.
Progress in fabrication of anisotropic Bragg gratings fabricated in lithium niobate via femtosecond laser micromachining

We have previously introduced a femtosecond laser micromachining-based scheme for the fabrication of anisotropic waveguides and isotropic Bragg reflection gratings in lithium niobate for application in future integrated-optic spatial light modulators. In this paper, we depict progress in fabrication and characterization of anisotropic Bragg reflection gratings fabricated in lithium niobate via Type I femtosecond laser-based permittivity modulation. We furthermore depict an electromagnetic analysis of such multilayer grating structures based around coupled-wave theory for thick holographic gratings.
Conic Distributions of Earned Incomes

Since Pareto (1897) discovered the functional form of the distribution of high incomes efforts have been made to find a form that covers the entire income range. As was true of Pareto’s own work, most of these efforts were descriptive in the sense of looking for a distribution that would fit a set of data believed to be representative. Important steps in the search for appropriate distributions were the introduction of the generalized gamma for this specific purpose (Amoroso, 1925) and the application of the log normal (Gibrat, 1931) and stable distributions (Mandelbrot, 1960; Zolotarev, 1986.). An empirical comparison of the large family of distributions by McDonald (1984) served to clarify their respective merits; thus, he reported poor performance of the log normal.
Existence and Uniqueness of Best Approximations

The main existence theorem of this chapter states that every approximatively compact set is proximinal. This result contains virtually all the existence theorems of interest. In particular, the two most useful existence and uniqueness theorems can be deduced from it. They are: (1) Every finite-dimensional subspace is Chebyshev, and (2) every closed convex subset of a Hilbert space is Chebyshev.
Enol Acetates: Versatile Substrates for the Enantioselective Intermolecular Tsuji Allylation

A highly versatile enantioselective intermolecular Tsuji allylation that generates alpha-quaternary stereocenters is reported. The methodology utilizes a prochiral enol acetate as a substrate, which is the last class of the original Tsuji substrates to be successfully employed in an enantioselective variant of the venerable reaction. This development enables a highly convergent approach that lends itself to rapid diversification and analogue synthesis by facilitating the incorporation of the allyl moiety from an allylic alkoxide, obviating the need for the preparation of allylic enol carbonates. The reaction is operationally simple and employs the readily available PHOX ligand class. More than 30 examples are reported that proceed with enantiomeric excess (ee) values of up to 96% and a scope that tolerates a wide range of functional groups on the allylic component. The enol acetate substrates are readily prepared from both aryl and aliphatic ketones, where the regioselective preparation has long been know...
Optimized Resource Allocation and Load Balancing in Distributed Cloud using Graph Theory

Cloud computing provides on-demand services to deliver computing and network resources from a data center over Internet to the users. Distributed cloud computing aims at providing on-demand services provided by individual resource providers to the users. Resource allocation and load balancing are challenging in both cloud models due to the increasing demand of users for services or requests. In this paper we modeled a distributed cloud as a graph and used graph theory to identify a working set of resources. This working set of resources can be used to fulfill users request efficiently. By using graph theory our proposed model automatically performs load balancing.
A commentary on 'A systematic review examining the association between body image and infant feeding methods (breastfeeding vs. bottle-feeding)'.

A systematic review is a valuable and influential research method that aims to identify and synthesize all literature relevant to the research question at hand. A well-conducted systematic review b...
The world's poorest nations and the global financial crisis

Unlike many earlier financial crises, the current sub-prime-induced crisis originated in advanced economies (in the US housing sector) in the summer of 2007, and rapidly mushroomed into a global financial crisis by September 2008. Developing nations, especially the â€˜least developed countriesâ€™ (LDCs), have been hit particularly hard with a sharp drop in export demand and in net capital inflows. The current turmoil threatens to undo the impressive gains in economic growth and convergence many developing nations have achieved over the past decade â€“ a reversal of fortune that includes casting millions back into poverty. What explains the vulnerability of the LDCs, and how have the G8, the G20, the IMF and the World Bank responded to help mitigate the economic and social costs of the crisis? How can developing nations, especially the poorest, better insulate their economies from the vagaries of the global financial markets? This paper addresses these issues.
Radical rom-com: not an oxymoron

ABSTRACTThis special issue assesses a range of works, from U.S. silent cinema to transnational web series, that configure romance in politically and representationally radical ways. In resisting th...
7X multiplexed, optofluidic detection of nucleic acids for antibiotic-resistance bacterial screening

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of bacterial infections resistant to multiple antibiotics requires development of new bio-sensors for differentiated detection of multiple targets. This work demonstrates 7x multiplexed detection for antibiotic-resistance bacterial screening on an optofluidic platform. We utilize spectrally multiplexed multi-spot excitation for simultaneous detection of nucleic acid strands corresponding to bacterial targets and resistance genes. This is enabled by multi-mode interference (MMI) waveguides integrated in an optofluidic device. We employ a combinatorial three-color labeling scheme for the nucleic acid assays to scale up their multiplexing capability to seven different nucleic acids, representing three species and four resistance genes.
Accounting to Ourselves for Ourselves: An Analysis of Adjudication in the Resolution of Child Custody Disputes

The adjudicatory process for resolving child custody disputes is out of synch with the way most functioning families operate. It is inherent in the adjudicatory process that judgment is passed upon the parties by a superordinate stranger-adjudicator. Each party to child custody adjudication approaches the ostensibly problem-solving court as a supplicant and an inferior, having to tacitly admit that (s)he cannot handle her/his own affairs. In the small percentage of child custody cases reaching impasse and adjudication, the legal process entails the creation and operation of a body of legal norms that has grown through legal opinions resolving individual disputes. Because only a small percentage of family law cases reach the appellate reporters, the law is slow in reacting to developing social norms. American family law responds to social developments sporadically, inconsistently, and often only when its failure to respond creates discrepancies between social norms and legal norms that are plainly unconscionable.Adjudicatory systems are inherently unable to accommodate conflicts and collisions among legal norms. The law has become silent with respect to social or moral values of any kind other than those protecting and encouraging the independence and autonomy of individuals, the law fails to reflect the realities of most families, particularly of mothers with young children. In reaching and rationalizing outcomes, child custody courts focus - upon finding any given proposition of fact as either true or false; - choosing among competing or conflicting norms in a binary fashion (as if only the dominant norm were applicable; as if each disputant is generally either “right’ or “wrong’); - upon an act-oriented approach to determining what has happened, rather than a person- or relationship-oriented approach to what will happen in the reordered family; and - upon strict neutrality and objectivity.In short, the child custody determination - a central process in the reordering of family relationships - is not typically characterized by norms that recognize the dissolving and reforming relationships in a family going through the upheaval of a child custody dispute. Nor does the process facilitate continued interdependence and accommodation in these relationships. To usurp from the reordering family the power to accommodate varying norms is to devalue the family because it is reordering.This article proposes tempering or replacing the adjudicatory process in child custody disputes with a more graduated and accommodative negotiatory process - a process more adept at addressing the complexity of family relationships and at preserving, as much as possible, the prerogatives and autonomies of family life in the reordering family. Specifically, the Article proposes a process utilizing the primary caretaker presumption and an impasse procedure known as Final Offer Selection.
Rapid detection of Vibrio cholerae by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

Objective:The aims of this study were to research Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification(LAMP),a novel technology of nucleic acid amplification,so to establish a rapid,reliable and importantly easy-to-use detection method of V.cholerae,providing references and sevices to the early diagnosis of pathogen and disease survey of Cholera.Methods: The target sequences of the V.cholerae ctxA genes(available from Genbank) were analyzed and selected for LAMP usage by some softwares,BLAST,GENtle,DNAMan and so on.The LAMP primers were designed by special software,PrimerExplorer version 4.The LAMP assay for V.cholerae was developed on the realtime PCR cycler using fluorescent SYBR Green I for detection,improved through a series of optimization tests including temperature,time and component concentration of reaction,and compared with a ordinary PCR assays aiming to familiar target genes,ace,rtxA and ctxA of V.cholerae.Results: The LAMP assay correctly identified all 5 strains of CT-producing V.cholerae with ctxA primers,from 20 tested bacteria strains comprising 8 genera.The detection limits of the assay in pure cultrue were determined to be 5 cfu/μl(10 cfu per reaction) of V.cholerae cells.Conclusion: The LAMP assay is a more rapid,reliable,simple detection method of V.cholerae,worthy of popularization,with important significance to disease survey and emergency detection of Cholera.
Exponential growth of random determinants beyond invariance

We give simple criteria to identify the exponential order of magnitude of the absolute value of the determinant for wide classes of random matrix models, not requiring the assumption of invariance. These include Gaussian matrices with covariance profiles, Wigner matrices and covariance matrices under almost optimal $2+\epsilon$-th finite moment, Erdős-Renyi graphs for any polynomial sparsity parameter, and non-mean-field random matrix models, such as random band matrices for any polynomial bandwidth. The proof builds on recent tools, including the theory of the Matrix Dyson Equation as developed in [Ajanki, Erdős, Kruger 2019]. We use these asymptotics as an important input to identify the complexity of classes of Gaussian random landscapes in our companion papers [Ben Arous, Bourgade, McKenna 2021; McKenna 2021].
A Comparison of Two-Year ACL Reconstruction Clinical Outcomes Using All-Soft Tissue Quadriceps Tendon Autograft With Femoral/Tibial Cortical Suspensory Fixation Versus Tibial Interference Screw Fixation.

Purpose To contribute to future quadriceps tendon harvest and fixation guidelines in the setting of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by comparing 2-year patient-reported subjective knee outcome scores and incidence of graft-related complications between the shorter harvest all-inside tibial-femoral suspensory fixation (TFSF) approach versus the longer harvest standard tibial interference screw fixation technique. Methods Patients who underwent primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with all soft tissue quadriceps tendon autograft from January 2017 to May 2019 were identified for inclusion. Patients were matched into 2 cohorts of 62 based on reconstruction technique. All patients completed baseline and minimum 2-year International Knee Documentation Committee, Tegner Activity Level, and Lysholm questionnaires and were queried regarding subsequent procedures and complications to the operative knee. Results Average graft length for the all-inside TFSF was 69.55 (95% confidence interval 68.99-70.19) mm versus 79.27 (95% confidence interval 77.21-81.34) mm in the tibial screw fixation cohort (P = .00001). Two-year Lysholm scores were greater in the TFSF cohort (P = .04) but were not clinically significant. There was no difference in 2-year International Knee Documentation Committee (P = .09) or Tegner (P = .69) scores between cohorts, but more patients in the TFSF cohort returned to or exceeded their baseline activity level compared with the tibial screw fixation cohort (73% vs 61%, P = .25). Seven patients in the TFSF cohort versus 13 in the tibial screw fixation cohort reported anterior knee pain or kneeling difficulty (P = .22). There were no differences in reported complications. Conclusions All-inside soft-tissue quadriceps tendon autograft with TFSF resulted in clinically comparable subjective outcome scores at 2 years to tibial screw fixation. There were also no differences in complications or reports of anterior knee pain or kneeling difficulty. All-inside TFSF can be a viable alternative to tibial screw fixation for all-soft tissue quadriceps autograft. Level of Evidence III, comparative therapeutic trial.
‘gusɑme kɑ’lɑtɑ!: Faux Spanish in the New Latino Diaspora

Drawing on ethnographic research in one American elementary school, this chapter investigates how a group of young English-speaking students react to the increasing presence of Spanish in their school and community. The authors focus on how English-speaking African American students use basic Spanish words and phrases, speaking “faux Spanish,” as they imitate their Spanish-speaking peers, participate in interaction rituals, seek attention, and playfully mock their peers. The chapter describes how these instances show children making sense of difference, as they assign value and high status to language practices and social identities often marginalized in school settings. The study suggests that, regardless of the Standard English variety taught and required for academic endeavors at school, children are busy expanding their linguistic repertoires, playing with positioning and footing, and laying claim to and negotiating multiple social identities. The authors argue that attention to these processes may help educators treat them as resources for learning that can inform practice.
Measuring the economic returns from successful NASA life sciences technology transfers.

Since 1958 NASA has invested approximately $3.7 billion in life sciences RD however only a few measure the economic impact of the spin-offs and most of these are benefit/cost studies that tend to overstate benefits or underestimate costs. This study takes a different approach, measuring only economic impacts to the companies that developed successful spin-off products from NASA life sciences investments. A personal interview was conducted with each company and the benefits are conservatively estimated as the value-added by the NASA technology to the company's output and the amount of additional private R&D stimulated by the NASA R&D. This pilot study of fifteen companies, using a very conservative measurement technique, found a large return to companies that have successfully commercialized NASA life sciences spin-off products. Value-added benefits totaled over $1.5 billion and a NASA R&D total investment in these 15 technologies of $64 million was found to stimulate an additional $200 million in private R&D. The study also found that the largest benefits were from products developed and marketed by large companies, primarily because these companies had the financial and marketing resources to work on a scale unavailable to smaller companies. Many of the small companies reported very profitable product-lines as well as documented evidence of benefits extending to the commercial users of their products. However, the smaller companies often lacked either the ability or the desire to expand into much larger scale production. NASA and other government technology transfer programs may be overlooking an opportunity to enlarge the economic benefits from their spin-off technologies. When a federal R&D grant or contract ends, the formal relationship between the agency and the company also usually ends. However, the companies continue to use the prior connection to NASA for advertising and for developing new business partners. One recommendation of this study is for NASA to be more proactive with "alumni" companies and to help open additional financial and marketing doors for these companies.
Neural network algorithms and implementations

Most neural network development is being performed on special-purpose digital accelerator systems. Semiconductor neural network chip development has not been as fruitful as originally projected. A reexamination is made of the criteria for a successful neural network chip, and relaxations are suggested in several areas. An example is given of a restricted use neural network chip which can be fabricated using present digital semiconductor technology. >
β-Hydroxydecanoyl Thioester Dehydrase: I. PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES

β-Hydroxydecanoyl thioester dehydrase of Escherichia coli has been purified 1200-fold. Its molecular weight is estimated at 28,000 by gel filtration and by zone sedimentation analysis. At all stages of purification, the enzyme catalyzes the dehydration of β-hydroxydecanoate to a mixture of β,γ- and α,β-decenoates, α,β predominating; the β,γ:α,β product ratio does not change with purification. Several additional lines of evidence are presented which argue that a single enzyme is responsible for the formation of both isomeric decenoates. Attempts to alter the activity and β,γ:α,β specificity of the enzyme have proved unsuccessful. The enzyme is active over a wide pH range and is insensitive to sulfhydryl poisons. The presence of a thioesterase activity in E. coli is noted.
The Role of Nutraceutical Supplements in the Treatment of Dyslipidemia

The combination of a lipid-lowering diet and scientifically proven nutraceutical supplements has the ability to significantly reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, increase LDL particle size, decrease LDL particle number, lower trigylcerides and very LDL levels, and increase total and high-density lipoprotein 2b cholesterol. In addition, inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune responses are decreased. In several prospective clinical trials, coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease have been reduced with many nutraceutical supplements. This nutritional and nutraceutical supplement treatment is a valid alternative for patients who are intolerant to statins, cannot take other drugs for the treatment of dyslipidemia, or prefer alternative treatments. This new approach to lipid management to decrease vascular disease utilizes a functional medicine approach with a broader treatment program that will address the multitude of steps involved in lipid-induced vascular damage.
The vacuolar ATPase of Neurospora crassa contains an F1-like structure *

Abstract We have explored the structure and subunit composition of the vacuolar ATPase of Neurospora crassa by investigating the effects of nitrate. Inhibition of enzyme activity by nitrate was correlated with dissociation of a complex of peripheral polypeptides from the integral membrane part of the enzyme. Surprisingly, this nitrate-induced release of subunits occurred only when nucleotides such as ADP, ATP, or ITP were present. ATPase inhibitors that have been proposed to act at the active site prevented release of subunits. Six polypeptides, 67, 57, 51, 48, 30, and 16 kDa, were coordinately released from the vacuolar membrane. When analyzed by size exclusion chromatography or by centrifugation through glycerol gradients, the six polypeptides behaved as an aggregate of about 440,000 kDa. We also examined vacuolar membranes by electron microscopy, using negative staining. We observed a high density of "ball and stalk" structures on the membranes, similar in size but different in shape from the F0F1-ATPase of mitochondrial membranes. Treatment with nitrate removed the ball and stalk structures from vacuolar membranes but had no visible effect on mitochondrial membranes. We concluded that the overall structure of the vacuolar ATPase is similar to that of F0F1-ATPases; however, the sizes of the component polypeptides and the factors that can cause dissociation are different.
Formation and Release of a Hormone Antagonist by Rat Adipocytes

Abstract A hormone antagonist that inhibits the ability of lipolytic hormone to increase adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate-(cAMP) levels has been found in isolated fat cells from epididymal adipose tissue of rats. Epinephrine, ACTH, or glucagon promoted the formation of this antagonist and its release into the incubation medium. The activity appearing in the medium was dependent on the time of incubation. An increase in the cAMP level in response to the hormone preceded the formation of the hormone antagonist, and the antagonist accumulated during the period when cAMP was decreasing toward the basal level. Both cAMP and dibutyryl-cAMP can mimic the action of hormones to promote the formation of antagonist. The antagonist formed by fat cells incubated with lipolytic hormone prevented the action of a second addition of the hormone, but the sensitivity to hormones could be restored by washing the cells with new medium. The material that accumulated following epinephrine stimulation prevented the action not only of epinephrine but also of ACTH or glucagon. The antagonist was partially purified. Its activity was not mimicked by palmitate (1.0 mm) or oleate (1.5 mm). The inhibitory activity in the incubation medium was equivalent to nanomolar quantities of prostaglandin E1, but the partially purified antagonist, unlike prostaglandin E1, did not elevate cAMP in human platelets or rat spleen slices. The antagonist may be involved in a negative feed back loop-moderating hormone response.
Is knocking out nagZ the answer to routine production of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins in E. coli? (LB143)

The overall goal of this research is to develop a robust co-expression system to produce large quantities of O-beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-modified proteins using E. coli. It has been shown...
Open charm production in hadronic and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies to O(αs3)

Abstract We present results on rapidity and transverse momentum distributions of inclusive charm quark production in hadronic and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies, including the next-to-leading order, O ( α s 3 ), radiative corrections and the nuclear shadowing effect. We determine the hadronic and the effective (in-medium) K-factor for the differential and total inclusive charm cross sections. We show that these K-factors have strong p t dependence. We discuss how measurements of charm production at RHIC and LHC can provide valuable information about the gluon density in a nucleus.
A GENERAL MEASURE OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL INEQUALITY

In this paper, the authors describe a general summary measure of multidimensional inequality and present an example of its use in the context of industrial organization research. Several possible applications are suggested. Copyright 1988 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Algorithms for Nonlinear Integer Bicriterion Problems

Two algorithms to solve the nonlinear bicriterion integer mathematical programming (BIMP) problem are presented. One is a noninteractive procedure that generates the entire efficient set, and the second one is an interactive procedure that determines the best compromise solution of the decision maker (DM). A Tchebycheff norm related approach is used for generating the efficient points for the BIMP problem. An application of the interactive procedure for a quality control problem is also presented.
Is there evidence for symptoms of cannabis withdrawal in the national epidemiologic survey of alcohol and related conditions

We examined the prevalence of 20 individual symptoms of cannabis withdrawal in the U.S. general population. More than 29% of past 12-month cannabis users reported experiencing at least two cannabis withdrawal symptoms, with 8% reporting impairment from at least two symptoms or withdrawal relief. The most common withdrawal symptom was eating more than usual/gaining weight. Co-occurring tobacco use modestly increased the likelihood of reporting certain symptoms, as did other illicit drug use, though to a lesser degree. Even after controlling for intensity of cannabis use, a history of parental alcohol/drug problems was associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing cannabis withdrawal. Evidence from this and prior studies demonstrating withdrawal strongly suggest that future editions of DSM need to reconsider the exclusion of withdrawal from criteria for cannabis dependence.
Onset Of Saturation In A High-Gain Free-Electron Laser

We develop a perturbation series in powers of the radiation field strength in order to calculate nonlinear corrections to the high-gain, exponential-amplification regime of a single-mode free-electron laser, and thereby to study the onset of saturation in such a device. In such a series, contributions to the optical power gain come only from the odd-order terms. We give an estimate of the radiative power threshold at which nonlinear corrections become comparable to the usual small-signal result.