cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiculturalism and Equal Human Dignity: An Essay on Bhikhu Parekh

Bhikhu Parekh is an internationally renowned political theorist. His work on identity and multiculturalism is unquestionably thoughtful and nuanced, benefiting from a tremendous depth of knowledge of particular cases. Despite his work’s many virtues, however, the normative justification for Parekh’s recommendations is at times vague or ambiguous. In this essay, I argue that a close reading of his work, in particular his magnum opus Rethinking Multiculturalism and the selfproclaimed “sequel” A New Politics of Identity, reveals that his claims frequently rely upon a Kantian account of moral dialogue and indeed moral personhood that he remains unwilling to claim. Recognizing this latent Kantianism is essential to a thorough assessment of Parekh’s work on identity, and his criticisms of other theorists. It is only because of his ambiguity that his multiculturalism is able to avoid the sort of charges that he levels against other responses to diversity, including those of such authors as Rawls, Habermas, Kymlicka, and Raz.
Possible mechanisms for the effects of botulinum toxin on pain

The therapeutic effects of botulinum toxin are principally, if not exclusively, derived from an alteration in the release of acetylcholine (ACh) at pre-synaptic neurons. The rationale for how these effects could be beneficial in conditions characterized by excessive muscle contraction is clear, but the hypotheses regarding botulinum toxin-induced effects on pain are highly speculative. We explore five possible mechanisms by which botulinum toxin could directly or indirectly alter pain, including: 1) changes in the sensitivity and response patterns of group III and IV muscle nociceptors, 2) diminished activity in the gamma-motor neurons and consequent changes in muscle spindle afferents, 3) alterations in cholinergic control of vascular and autonomic functions, including neurogenic inflammation, 4) induced neuroplastic changes in the processing of afferent somatosensory activity at multiple levels of the neuroaxis, and 5) direct non-cholinergic effects on pain afferents.
Hypoxia and self-paced work.

9 soldiers were required to perform a fixed amount of work on a bicycle ergometer during each of 18 sessions. Ss were allowed to determine their own schedules of work and rest. Ss breathed air duri...
CD8+/perforin+/WC1- γδ T cells, not CD8+ αβ T cells, infiltrate vasculitis lesions of American bison (Bison bison) with experimental sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever.

Sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) caused by ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2), a gamma-herpesvirus in the Macavirus genus, is a fatal disease associated with lymphoproliferation, lymphocytic vasculitis, and mucosal ulceration in clinically susceptible species. SA-MCF is an important threat to American bison (Bison bison) due to their high susceptibility to this disease. Currently, the pathogenesis of disease in SA-MCF is poorly understood, and the immunophenotype of lymphocytes that infiltrate the vascular lesions of bison and cattle with SA-MCF has been only partially defined. Previous single-color immunohistochemistry studies have demonstrated that CD8(+) cells and CD4(+) cells predominate within vascular infiltrates in cattle and bison. The CD8(+) cells detected in the vascular lesions of cattle and bison were assumed to be cytotoxic alphabeta T lymphocytes. However, polychromatic immunophenotyping analyses in this study showed that CD8(+)/perforin(+) gammadelta T cells, CD4(+)/perforin(-) alphabeta T cells, and B cells infiltrate vascular lesions in the urinary bladder, kidney, and liver of six bison with experimentally-induced SA-MCF. CD8(+) alphabeta T cells and WC1(+) gammadelta T cell cells were only infrequently and inconsistently identified. This study confirmed our hypothesis that the predominant CD8(+) lymphocytes infiltrating the vascular lesions of bison with SA-MCF are cytotoxic lymphocytes of the innate immune system, not CD8(+) alphabeta T cells. Results of the present study support the previous suggestions that MCF is fundamentally a disease of immune dysregulation.
Ethanol impairs insulin receptor substrate-1 mediated signal transduction during rat liver regeneration

Chronic ethanol exposure inhibits the capacity of the liver to regenerate. Insulin is a potent hepatotrophic factor and it was determined if ethanol interferes with insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1)-protein mediated signal transduction during liver regeneration. Tyrosyl phosphorylation of IRS-1 was strikingly increased prior to the major wave of DNA synthesis in isocaloric pair-fed control rats; a blunted and delayed response was found in ethanol-fed rats. Enzymatic activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain containing signal transduction molecule was enhanced by the association with tyrosyl phosphorylated IRS-1, whereas in ethanol-fed rats, this activity was greatly diminished and delayed. These results indicate that one potential molecular mechanism whereby ethanol inhibits hepatocyte DNA synthesis is through its action on the IRS-1-mediated signal transduction cascade.
Identification and assessment of containment and release management strategies

Abstract Brookhaven National Laboratory, under the auspices of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, is investigating accident management strategies which could help preserve containment integrity or minimize the release of radioactivity during a severe accident in a nuclear reactor. The objective is to make use of existing plant systems and equipment in innovative ways to reduce the likelihood of containment failure or to mitigate the release of fission products to the environment if failure cannot be prevented. Many of these strategies would be implemented during the later stages of a severe accident, i.e. after the molten core penetrates the reactor vessel. Significant uncertainties exist regarding some of the phenomena involved with this phase of a severe accident. The identification and assessment process for containment and release strategies is described, and some insights derived from its application to a BWR Mark I plant are presented. A station blackout accident for this kind of plant is considered. The challenges encountered are identified and existing emergency guidelines are reviewed, where needed and when possible, new strategies are devised. The feasibility and effectiveness of these new strategies are assessed, making due allowances for the complicated phenomena and associated uncertainties involved. Both beneficial and adverse effects of the suggested strategies are considered.
The redistribution functionR IV

In this paper we address comments made in a recent paper by Hubený and Heinzel (1986). By use of an identity which they report, the photon redistribution function appropriate for scattering transitions between two radiation broadened atomic levels is derived using the simpler Voigt functions. The behaviour of the redistribution function relative to complete redistribution is then examined. It is important to note that the conclusions originally arrived at by McKenna (1984a) are reinforced by this examination. In particular, for most scattering angles, there exists a significant cohrently scattered component of the redistribution function, and the deviations from complete redistribution are large over most outgoing frequencies for a given incoming frequency.
Effectiveness of Artificial Plants in Subsurface Exclosures as a Substrate for Hydrilla-Dwelling Macroinvertebrate Communities

ABSTRACT We examined the efficacy of plastic plants in mesh exclosures as artificial substrates for sampling hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) beds. Macroinvertebrate densities standardized by surface area were compared between plastic plants and natural hydrilla stands once a week for five weeks, and between three mesh-size treatments and hydrilla for the final experimental week. Macroinvertebrate community structure on the artificial plants most closely resembled hydrilla communities on week five. Only cladocerans differed between substrates and were more abundant on the plastic plants, probably due to exclosure design and vertical migration patterns. Macroinvertebrates inhabiting exclosures with the largest mesh size were most similar in species composition to hydrilla-dwelling communities. This work indicates that these exclosures should be deployed for a minimum of five to six weeks to yield representative macroinvertebrate communities in finely dissected macrophytes such as hydrilla.
The Shibboleth of Productivity: The Exhaustion of Industrial-Age Strategies in Post-Industrial Society

The universal demand currently to resolve America's economic decline by increasing productivity fatally misconstrues the actual challenge posed by post-industrial society. Automation, rationalization, and technological advances suggest a crisis not of productivity, but of distribution, a false, unnecessary perpetuation of widespread deprivation required only by the scarcity model underpinning market economics. While enforced by vested interests for personal gain, this pseudo-crisis is ironically acceeded to by the Left, which-together with most others-betrays a deep foreboding about the prospect of a post-work society. The path to a post-market economy and society can only be found by forging a popular post-work culture and economic structure rooted in effective post-scarcity incentives. This paper offers a framework for both.
Testing the vision of cataract patients by means of laser-generated interference fringes.

In a new technique for measuring the visual acuity of cataract patients the light from a laser is used to form interference patterns of variable fineness on the patient9s retina. The fineness of the interference pattern that the patient can detect gives an indication of the potential for improved vision. Comparison of this estimate of the potential with the patient9s vision after cataract extraction shows that this test can indicate the condition of the fovea behind a cataract.
Separating Probability Elicitation from Utilities

Abstract This article deals with the separation of probability elicitation from utilities. We show that elicited probabilities can be related to utilities not just through the explicit or implicit payoffs related to the elicitation process, but also through other stakes the expert may have in the events of interest. We study three elicitation procedures—lotteries, scoring rules, and promissory notes—and show how the expert's utility function and stakes in the events can influence the resulting probabilities. Particularly extreme results are obtained in an example involving a market at equilibrium. The applicability of a no-stakes condition and some implications for probability elicitation are discussed. Let π represent an expert's probability for an event A, and let p denote the elicited probability from some elicitation procedure. We determine the value of p that maximizes the expert's expected utility. When utility is linear in money, p = π for all of the procedures studied here. Under nonlinear utility...
Recent Advances and Prognosis in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy

Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN) is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome. Recently, progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of idiopathic MN with the finding of M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibodies in the serum and immune complexes of glomeruli in the majority of adult idiopathic MN patients. In the future, the detection of M-type PLA2R antibodies may help distinguish patients with primary MN who require aggressive immunosuppressive therapy from those with secondary disease. Levels of circulating antibody to this receptor may help in monitoring disease activity and in gauging response to therapy, as changes in antibody levels may precede changes in proteinuria. The degree of renal dysfunction or change in renal function over time and the level of persistent proteinuria are key prognostic factors in the decision to initiate therapy in idiopathic MN patients. Although spontaneous remissions occur in ∼30% of patients, partial and complete remissions help to define the clinical course of an individual patient.
Hydrodynamic instabilities of viscous coalescing droplets

Droplets coalescing at a planar fluid-fluid interface are studied in detail in the Stokes regime with high speed photography. Attention is paid to the expansion of the interfacial bridge, formed between the droplet and interface, as it expands during the process. We report a hydrodynamic instability at the rim of the interfacial bridge. As the rim becomes unstable, it forms a series of tendrils which themselves become unstable and produce micron sized droplets. We show that rim stability depends on drop and medium viscosities as well as the rim geometry.
The interactive effects of chelator, fertilizer, and rhizobacteria for enhancing phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil

The role of chelator, fertilizer, and enriched rhizobacteria in facilitating Cd, Cr, and Ni accumulation byHelianthus annuus was studied. It was found that by adding a synthetic chelator, EDTA, the shoot concentrations of Cd and Ni were significantly increased from 34.2 mg kg-1 and 14.5 mg kg-1 to 115 mg kg-1 and 117 mg kg-1, respectively. However, the total biomass of plants was drastically decreased by 50 to 60%. Compared with this treatment, inoculating enriched rhizobacteria to plants grown under similar conditions maintained the surged shoot concentrations of Cd and Ni while increasing the plants biomass by more than 1.6-fold. It was also found that introducing a commercial fertilizer, Hydro-Gro®, to plants significantly-increased the Ni accumulation by 3-fold and the plant biomass by 1.43-fold. These results suggest that combing fertilizers, chelators and/or rhizobacteria might provide a more effective approach for enhancing phytoremediation.
Effects of indented interframe cross talk in charge-coupled device detection of discrete displays

By considering CCD detection as a spatiotemporal sampling process and considering electronically addressed liquid-crystal display’s (LCD’s) and cathode ray tube (CRT) display’s as discrete displays, we investigate the frame-grabbing process for CCD detection of discrete displays by using CRT–CCD and LCD–CCD models. Because of the nature of the timing for pixel addressing in the CRT, line addressing in the LCD, and frame transfer in the CCD, it is found that CCD frames suffer from indented interframe cross talk of the displayed input frames. This indented cross talk occurs regardless of whether a synchronizing signal is utilized. Cross talk typically takes place between two or three input frames. Indented interframe cross talk does not affect CCD detection for frame refreshing. However, cross talk increases as the interframe difference between successive displayed input frames increases.
Finding Herself Alone: Emily Dickinson, Victorian Women Novelists, and the Female Subject

Anglo-American Romanticism, beginning with Wordsworth and then beginning again with Emerson, is, in large part, a long conversation about subjectivity, especially about how to reconcile a pure "transparent" perceptive power of the poetic imagination with the recognition of other subjectivities and the limitations of one's own identity. It is a conversation that most critics have assumed excluded women writers. As a lyric poet whose subject is subjectivity, Emily Dickinson has been the intermittent exception to this rule as, in years past, the only recognized female participant in literary American Romanticism. The speculative interiority of her work does, in fact, set her apart from her countrywomen, but not from the English women writers she extravagantly admired. In placing Dickinson's poem alongside the novels of the Victorian British women novelists, I find a common interest in the existential problem of subjectivity, with central characters who could be Dickinson's lyric subject, but placed more firmly in a social setting and within the constraints of gender. I maintain that in Dickinson's poems, as in the novels of Charlotte Bronte, George Eliot, and Emily Bronte, there is a conscious ethical engagement with the opposition between the possibilities of Romantic transcendence and the necessity of respecting the limits that define us. Although their ethical perspectives are different, each of these late Romantic women writers re-examines what it means to be a self alone.
Scaling Bottlenecks in Thulium-doped Fiber Lasers

Thulium offers novel applications at 2 μm, and with continued developments, peak and average powers will increase to that of rival rare-earth dopants. Limitations that impede growth are namely; nonlinearities, thermal management, and fiberized components.
Two Novel Lithium−15-Crown-5 Complexes: An Extended LiCl Chain Stabilized by Crown Ether and a Dimeric Complex Stabilized by Hydrogen Bonding with Water

Two lithium chloride−15C5 (15C5 = 15-crown-5) complexes, [Li(15C5)(μ-Cl)2Li]∞, 1, and {[Li(15C5)(H2O)]Cl}2, 2, were synthesized. Their structures, characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, are dictated by the absence of or presence of water. Complex 1, prepared in an anhydrous environment, is the first example of an extended LiCl chain structure. It contains repeating units Li(μ-Cl)Li(15C5) that are connected by additional bridging Cl atoms. One Li has close contacts with one Cl and all five O atoms of 15C5 and the other Li with three Cl and one O of 15C5. However, the chain structure cannot form in the presence of water. Instead dimeric complex 2 was formed when LiCl·xH2O (x = 1.14) was the starting material. In this case H2O is coordinated to lithium through a Li−O linkage and is hydrogen bonded to Cl- (H···Cl). The Li+ cation is coordinated to the five O atoms of 15C5 as well as the O atom from H2O, and the Cl- counteranion is isolated from Li+ by two hydrogen bonds with one H atom ea...
Generalized polyphase representation and application to coding gain enhancement

Generalized polyphase representations (GPP) have been mentioned in literature in the context of several applications. In this paper, we provide a characterization for what constitutes a valid GPP. Then, we study an application of GPP, namely in improving the coding gains of transform coding systems. We also prove several properties of the GPP. >
The Value of Opinion in Science and the Forest Service Research Organization

There is confusion about conflicts of interest between sources of funding and the extent to which Forest Service researchers are free to publish their findings. Forest Service Research is an independent entity with no administrative accountability to policy makers up to the office of the Chief of the Forest Service. Congressional mandate ensures that research will be free from the influence of politics that land management necessarily entails. Because politics involves opinions, it is important to note that opinions per se are not scientific and must be appropriately compared with empirical data before they can be considered so. It is the quantitative test of an opinion that renders it scientific, not the opinion itself.
COUPLES AND OTHER STRANGERS Talk Time in Spouse-Stranger Interaction

Using talk-time measures of spouse and stranger interaction styles, this article tests the spillover, situationist, and dynamic interactionist models of communication. In groups of four, twenty couples came into our laboratory on three separate occasions. Each person spoke with every other person in the group and these conversational orders were randomized. This multivariate round-robin analysis of variance design allows us to examine actor, partner, and relationship effects through time; it compares married to stranger dyads; it allows a direct test of the effect of a number of individual difference variables; and it examines the relationship among the dependent variables at the same point in time and across time periods. The results indicate that a spillover model best represents the talk-time data. Biological sex appears to have no effect on speaking with either a spouse or a stranger, although self-assessment that one is masculine does. Few personality variables predict talk time although relationship...
An analysis of mobile relaying for coverage extension

This paper considers the coverage extension that mobile relays offer to an isolated base station. The relays are modelled as realizations of a two dimensional Poisson process with random motion, and as such their availability to forward messages received from a base station or from out-of-range mobiles is open to analysis. Two important performance metrics are derived: the probability of establishing a route and the expected duration that a route or connection can be sustained via a two hop coverage extension. The results provide insights into the benefits mobile relays can offer in terms of assisting users far away from the base station.
On the robust stability analysis of multivariable systems

The authors consider the robust stability of a multivariable system with both structured real parametric and unstructured norm-bounded uncertainties. It is shown that if the real parametric uncertainty enters only linearly and independently into the numerator matrix and the denominator characteristic polynomial, then the robust stability can be tested exactly. It is also shown that this in fact gives a way to compute a class of mixed real and complex structured values. >
A Least-Squares Approach to the Practical Use of the Hole Method in Photoelasticity

The use of a small circular hole in elastostatic photoelasticity to determine the stress tensor for any two-dimensional general loading situation is well known. The original application required fringe-order information at four points on the boundary, on opposite sides, along the axes of symmetry or principal stress directions. Later, to obtain greater precision, it was adapted so that fringe information inside the field could be used. This led to the also limited use of fringe-order information from four points at 1.4 and two times the radius of the hole, along the principal axes of symmetry. More recent work has even allowed the use of fringe-order information, at a fixed radius, anywhere along the two principal axes of symmetry. The greatest limitation of all of these approaches is that the majority of the fringe-order information that is available, away. from the axes of symmetry, is not utilized at all. The current work presents a least-squares approach to the hole method that allows the simultaneous use of information anywhere and at any radial distance from the center of the hole inside the stress field. The objectives of this paper are: to apply the use of the least-squares approach to the hole method in photoelasticity; and, to show the consistent and practical application of this least-squares approach to the hole method. The achievement of this last objective permits the use of the values of specimen birefringence at a large number of points, taken from anywhere in the field around the hole.
Modelling Population and Resource Scarcity in Fourteenth-century England

This paper examines the empirical data relevant in the analysis of the agrarian transformation of England in the Middle Ages. It presents an empirical analysis of available data that investigates the role and extent of resource scarcity in 14th-century England. The analysis offers a way forward for economists and historians to reach a plausible consensus about the reality of what may be one of the most important transition periods in European economic history. The insights gained throw useful light on the processes whereby agricultural relations evolved from ancient feudal structures.
Mapping hippocampal atrophy with a multi-scale model of shape

We construct a multi-scale model of shape of surfaces in 3D space based on the heat kernel associated with the Laplace-Beltrami operator. The model is applied to the analysis of longitudinal neuroimaging data collected by the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. We use measures of shape deformation energy to quantify, compare and create maps of regional changes in hippocampal shape in normal aging, progression of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment over a one-year period.
Predicting the Success of a Basketball Shot at Various Stages of Execution

A signal detection paradigm was used to measure the sensitivity of basketball players in discriminating successful from unsuccessful shots. College-level basketball players predicted a shot's outcome either before release of the ball, immediately after release, or after seeing the ball travel halfway to the basket. In none of these conditions did active shooters exhibit greater sensitivity than passive observers. Some evidence was found for sequential dependencies in shooting performance, though not to the degree that one might expect from basketball lore.
On the origin and characteristics of single-sided angle modulation

The invention of SSB-FM (single-sideband frequency modulation) is usually attributed to E. Bedrosian. I wish to point out, without detracting in any way from Bedrosian's significant contributions to communication theory and practice, that SSB-FM is fully covered by US Patent 3054073, which is in the name of K.H. Powers and is assigned to the Radio Corporation of America (RCA). The patent was issued about one month before Bedrosian's 1962 paper was published [E. Bedrosian, "The analytic signa] representation of modulated waveforms," Proc. IRE, vol. 50. pp. 2071-2076, October 1962]. Turning now to Glorioso's and Brazeal's paper [R.M. Glorioso and E.H. Brazeal, Jr., "Experiments in 'SSB FM' communication eyetems," ibid., vol. COM-13, pp. 109-116, March 1965], the author suggests that their Fig. 15 and the conclusions based upon it must be interpreted cautiously. Some months ago the author generated SSB-FM waves on a Fourier synthesizer and envelope-detected them amidst noise. While this work was done for another purpose, and while he did not use the postdetection logarithmic circuit employed by Glorioso and Brazeal, his records lead to conclusions different from theirs. Specifically, he questions their Fig. 15 for small values of input S/N. The difficulty here, however, may lie in definitions of, and measurement techniques for, S/N. More generally, he suggests that S/N is not a good criterion for assessing SSB-FM performance near threshold.
Thiophilic metal ion rescue of phosphorothioate interference within the Tetrahymena ribozyme P4-P6 domain.

Divalent metal ions are essential for the folding and catalytic activities of many RNAs. A commonly employed biochemical technique to identify metal-binding sites in RNA is the rescue of Rp alpha-phosphorothioate (PS) interference by the addition of soft divalent metal ions. To access the ability of such experiments to accurately identify metal-ion coordinations within a complex RNA fold, we report metal-rescue results from the Tetrahymena group I intron P4-P6 domain, where the location and coordination of five divalent metal ions have been determined by X-ray crystallography [J.H. Cate et al., Nat Struct Biol, 1997, 4:553]. We used a native gel mobility-shift to assay for P4-P6 folding in the presence of various divalent metal ions, and found that even moderate concentrations of Mn2+ (> or =0.5 mM) can rescue PS interference at sites that do not coordinate metal ions within the P4-P6 crystal structure. To control for such effects, 2'-deoxynucleotide interference was used to titrate the Mn2+ concentration to a level that produces metal-ion-specific rescue (0.3 mM). This concentration of Mn2+ specifically rescued four of the six metal-dependent phosphorothioate effects within the RNA domain, including PS interference resulting from outer-sphere coordination to the metals. Both sites that were not specifically rescued make inner-sphere metal-ion coordinations. Cd2+ and Zn2+ afforded rescue at a smaller subset of the six metal-specific PS sites, though again phosphates making outer-sphere coordinations to metal ions were rescued preferentially. These data on P4-P6 domain folding reinforce the need for caution when interpreting metal-rescue experiments.
Enhancing the Crystal Production Rate and Reducing Polydispersity in Continuous Protein Crystallization

This article focuses on the modeling and control of a continuous crystallizer with a fines trap and a product classification unit employed to produce tetragonal hen-egg-white lysozyme crystals. A kinetic Monte Carlo model is initially developed to simulate the crystal nucleation, growth, and aggregation processes taking place in the crystallizer using experimentally determined rate expressions. Subsequently, the influence of varying (a) the flow rates of the streams to the fines trap and the product classification unit and (b) the corresponding cutoff sizes is studied, and as a result, an operating strategy that takes advantage of the aggregation, fines removal, and product classification units is proposed to simultaneously achieve a high production rate and a low polydispersity of the crystals produced by the crystallizer. Finally, a model predictive controller is designed using a reduced-order model, which manipulates the jacket temperature to lead to the production of crystals with the desired shape and size distributions.
Clinical correlates to PSA spikes and positive repeat biopsies after prostate brachytherapy.

Abstract Objectives To make some preliminary observations regarding the biochemical characteristics of the doubly confusing picture of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) spikes and histologically positive biopsies after prostate brachytherapy. Methods All patients reported here had a pretreatment PSA level of less than 10 ng/mL and Gleason score of 4 to 6. Transperineal iodine-125 implants (without supplemental beam radiotherapy) were performed as previously described. After implantation, patients were followed up routinely, with repeat PSA measurements and physical examinations every 4 to 6 months. The timing of the postimplant PSA measurements was at the discretion of the patients and their doctors. No patient received preimplant or postimplant hormonal therapy. Repeat biopsies were performed from 13 to 31 months (median 22) after implant. Results Patients' prespike nadir ranged from 0.9 to 1.7 ng/mL (median 1.2). The time from the implant to the start of the spike ranged from 9 to 24 months (median 13). The time from implant to the spike peak ranged from 12 to 30 months (median 22). The peak spike height ranged from 2.6 to 8.4 ng/mL (median 3.1). Patients' last PSA value ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 ng/mL (median 0.2). Conclusions Transient PSA rises can occur even in the presence of a persistently positive biopsy, and patients and physicians should not feel compelled to rush ahead with salvage therapy. On the basis of the patient data reported here, it appears that a spike up to 10 ng/mL is still consistent with cancer eradication.
"Thus Faith Comes from What Is Heard" (Romans 10:17): How Much of the Bible Do People Hear?:

This article is more concerned with the way the Bible is proclaimed publicly and preached than with its treatment as the object of study and teaching in the academy. That is entirely fitting in an issue devoted to commemorating the life and work of Leland J.White. For, while his career in the seminary, college and university classroom absorbed most of his energies, when he did not have another foot in the pulpit he was always concerned with how the Bible is heard or, tragically, not heard by Christian believers. Because this is true of so many BTB readers, they will readily understand the approach taken here.
Prediction of sudden cardiac death: appraisal of the studies and methods assessing the risk of sudden arrhythmic death.

Since the recognition of the high incidence of cardiac arrest as the mechanism of sudden cardiac death (SCD), medical scientists and clinicians have sought methods to predict and prevent these events. Significant progress has already been made in the prediction and prevention of life-threatening arrhythmias during the last decade. This progress is highlighted by the outcomes of 4 recently published randomized studies demonstrating that the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) provides a mortality benefit compared with conventional drug therapy in highly specific subsets of patients.1–4 In parallel with intervention studies, several observational studies and reports have raised an optimistic notion that arrhythmic death can be predicted by methods potentially useful for widespread screening programs.5–10 Despite the evidence-based data and practical recommendations for indications of ICD therapy,11 utilization of this therapy has not been uniformly implemented worldwide, and screening of patients at potential high risk for arrhythmic death has not become a routine clinical practice. In addition to economic and educational factors, this may be due to methodological problems in the designs of a number of the completed observational and randomized intervention studies that confound the interpretation of the results and general application of the procedures. In this report, we analyze the problems of predicting arrhythmic deaths and the advantages and limitations of the various methods and studies, and we evaluate the need for new and better studies and methods of risk stratification. Three types of clinical research designs have been used to estimate the efficacy of interventions and the accuracy of methods for predicting sudden arrhythmic death: (1) observational follow-up studies, (2) case-control studies, and (3) randomized intervention designs. Observational studies are based on baseline assessment of 1 or more risk variables and subsequent follow-up of predefined patient groups. These studies have been most commonly used in the …
NLify: lightweight spoken natural language interfaces via exhaustive paraphrasing

This paper presents the design and implementation of a programming system that enables third-party developers to add spoken natural language (SNL) interfaces to standalone mobile applications. The central challenge is to create statistical recognition models that are accurate and resource-efficient in the face of the variety of natural language, while requiring little specialized knowledge from developers. We show that given a few examples from the developer, it is possible to elicit comprehensive sets of paraphrases of the examples using internet crowds. The exhaustive nature of these paraphrases allows us to use relatively simple, automatically derived statistical models for speech and language understanding that perform well without per-application tuning. We have realized our design fully as an extension to the Visual Studio IDE. Based on a new benchmark dataset with 3500 spoken instances of 27 commands from 20 subjects and a small developer study, we establish the promise of our approach and the impact of various design choices.
Superoxide Generation by Neonatal and Adult Rabbit Alveolar Macrophages

We compared the abilities of alveolar macrophages (AM) from neonatal and adult rabbits to generate and release superoxide (0k) after exposure to soluble and particulate stimuli. Basal rates of 0� release, 0.1-0.2 nmol/1O6AM/10 mm, were modestly increased by exposing AM to phorbol myristate acetate, (dihy- dro)cytochalasin B, or cytochalasmn C. Opsonized zymosan was a more effec- tive stimulus, and maximal rates of Orelease were observed when AM were stimulated by a combination of opsonized zymosan and one of the aforemen- tioned cytochalasins. Cytochalasins 0 and E were each potent activators of 0�production by AM in the absence of additional stimuli. Adult AM released 24.8 ± 6.0, 20.4 ± 4.4, and 33.5 ± 6.4 nmol 01/1O6AMI1O mm after stimula- tion by cytochalasin D, cytochalasin E, and dihydrocytochalasin B plus opson- ized zymosan, respectively. Following exposure to the same stimuli, AM from 1, 3- and 7-day-old rabbits released 01 at rates that ranged from 45 to 75% of corresponding adult values. The discrepancy between 01 production by neo- natal and adult AM was accentuated when comparisons were restricted to AM recovered from bacteriologically sterile respiratory tracts. Our data show the 01 generating capacity of neonatal AM to be substantially less than that of the adult AM. Immaturity of this response could predispose neonates to pulmonary infection.
Chapter 13 Salesforce compensation: A review of MS/OR advances

Publisher Summary The extensive MS/OR literature on sales force compensation in marketing has attacked a great variety of problems facing sales managers, including how to set commission rates, whether to delegate pricing authority to a sales force, what mix of salary and incentive compensation to provide to the sales force, whether or not to offer a menu of compensation plans, and how to elicit valuable information from salespeople about their utility functions and sales response functions. In the case of theoretical models, some predictions have been tested statistically, but these tests have been incomplete and, in some cases, inconclusive. Based on available empirical results, one cannot reject agency theory as a useful paradigm for compensation-setting, but further research is necessary to increase the level of confidence in the theory and its predictions. On the decision support system (DSS) front, few diagnostics have been presented for the models described in the literature, although those presented suggest the usefulness of the approach as well.
Inhibition of human neutrophil beta2-integrin-dependent adherence by hyperbaric O2

Animal and clinical investigations have reported that exposure to hyperbaric O(2) improved the outcome of some reperfusion injuries. Animal studies have suggested that this may be due to an inhibit...
Romantic Expressive Theory and Blake's Idea of the Audience

Most literary historians have found that the romantic shift from mimetic to expressive theories of art was “fatal to the audience”—leaving the poet a soliloquist, the audience an unnecessary appendage. Blake's idea of the audience helps show that, while artistic withdrawal certainly defines a polar phase of the theory, the logic of the theory does provide a complementary phase of fulfillment characterized by union between artist and audience. Since theories of art are often latent social theories, we can extend the logic of romantic aesthetics to outline a society of imagination.
Using Graphic Symbols to Teach Children With Autism to Enter Into Playgroups

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may encounter difficulties in various aspects of play, including successful entrance into playgroups. This article describes the practical and applied use of an empirically validated strategy that uses graphic symbols to teach young children with ASD to request entrance into playgroups.
Internal Associations in Comb Polymers Bearing Multiple Internal Hydrophobes

The internal associations of comb-shaped associative thickeners are modeled by Gaussian statistics to predict the probability of chain collapse and that for various types of internal associations. In addition to the idealization of the polymer backbone to a random walk, the hydrophobic groups at the ends of each tooth of the comb are treated as point “stickers.” The model considers all the ways by which stickers can form clusters of two or more teeth. The number of teeth per chain is not limited by the model, but rather by computation facilities. It is predicted that even with weak pairwise sticker interactions (2kT) adding short teeth to a long backbone drastically increases the probability of some internal associations, though the probability of complete chain collapse decreases significantly as teeth are added, due to the effect of backbone entropy.
PETE Faculty Beliefs Concerning the Preparation of Preservice Teachers for CSPAP Roles: An Exploratory Study.

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceived effectiveness and attitudes of physical education teacher education (PETE) faculty concerning the preparation of preservice teachers for Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program (CSPAP) roles. Faculty (N = 175) responded to an electronic survey assessing perceived effectiveness and attitudes related to preparing undergraduate majors and nonmajors for CSPAP roles. Factor analysis of the survey items resulted in a four factor solution: (a) Effectiveness in Preparing Program Majors for Quality Physical Education, (b) Effectiveness in Preparing Program Majors for Other CSPAP Roles, (c) Effectiveness in Preparing Nonmajors for CSPAP Roles, and (d) Attitude Toward Preparing Program Majors for Other CSPAP Roles. Faculty agreed the most that their programs were effectively preparing majors for roles within quality physical education and agreed the least that their programs should be preparing majors for leadership roles with respect to school employee wellness and involvement in physical activity promotion. This study reveals a glimpse of current commitment in PETE programs to public health–related goals and informs CSPAP preparation in preservice education.
Partisanship, Sophistication, and Public Attitudes about Majority Rule and Minority Rights in Congress

The balance between majority rule and minority rights is a central issue in the design and operation of democratic institutions and remains a contested issue in debates of policy-making processes. Remarkably, public attitudes about this balance are not subjected to scholarly investigation. In this article, we report the findings of the first survey experiment in which the American public's attitudes about majority rule and minority rights in legislative bodies are explored. We find robust support for both majority rule and minority rights, discover that only a few Americans distinguish between the US House of Representatives and Senate in the application of these principles, and demonstrate that views of majority rule and minority rights can be moved once we introduce respondents to the partisan implications of procedural rules. Moreover, with conflicting theoretical expectations about the effect of political sophistication on attitudes about majority rule and minority rights, we find that higher levels of political sophistication are associated with stronger partisan effects on attitudes about the balance between majority rule and minority rights in Congress.
Acute crystal-induced arthritis. Gout and a whole lot more.

PreviewGout is probably the best known of the crystal-induced arthritides. However, joint diseases caused by species of crystals other than monosodium urate are becoming more widely recognized. Dr Finch discusses the differential diagnosis of these diseases and the various diagnostic tools and therapies that are appropriate for each.
Increasing STEM success: a near-peer mentoring program in the physical sciences

Mentoring supports professional success in a myriad of fields; in the physical sciences, mentoring increases the retention of diverse groups of students. While physics education has made progress in classifying the availability and structural components related to mentoring programs, little is known about the qualitative nature of mentoring relationships. This article draws from frameworks in science identity and belongs to analyze the nature of relationships in the mentoring program offered by the Sundial Project at Arizona State University, which aims to help new students with diverse backgrounds succeed in physics and related majors. To provide insight into mentoring relationships, we analyze over 150 reports submitted by mentors and mentees in a near-peer mentoring program. Mentoring groups enjoyed positive rapport and often remarked upon becoming friends. As such, mentoring relationships provided mentees with both psychosocial and academic support. Mentoring supported students to deal with a wide variety of topics, ranging from academic to personal, according to the needs of individual mentees. Moreover, outcomes of students in the mentoring program were favorable; the mean GPA of participating mentees was 3.49 for their first college semester. Mentors acted both as guides who shared information and as caring friends who providing psychosocial support, including normalizing struggle. These connections supported students to develop a sense of belonging and positive science identities.
The First Clock Cycle Is A Real BIST.

The primary goal of Built-In Self-Test (BIST) for Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) is to comple tely test all programmable logic and routing resources i n the device such that the user can be assured that their system function is downloaded to a fault-free device. In this paper, we present case studies of developing BIST configur ations for some of the less thought of, though equally imp ortant, logic resources in current FPGAs including programm able clock buffers and cyclic redundancy code (CRC) modu les. While seemingly trivial, these modules present inte resting testing challenges in FPGAs. Among the most intere sting challenges are the problems, and importance, associ ated with the very first clock cycle of the BIST sequenc e when testing FPGA initialization capabilities, or lack tvia the configuration download. While the conditions m ay last for only one clock cycle, testing these features is essential to insure the intended system function is properly ini tialized during operation. 1
Perinatal IV Aluminum and Developmental Delay

The effect of perinatal exposure to intravenous aluminum on the neurologic development of 227 premature infants (<34 weeks gestation, <1850g weight) from the neonatal intensive care unit of Rosie Maternity Hospital, Cambridge, UK was studied at the Dunn Nutrition Unit, Cambridge, and the Institute of Child Health, London.
A New Side Channel Resistant Scalar Point Multiplication Method for Binary Elliptic Curves

In this paper, a new novel LSB scalar point multiplication algorithm resistant to several side channel attacks is presented. This method is based on a similar invariant principle to Montgomery's ladder but it can use pre-computation to halve the total runtime and achieve a speedup of l(A + D1)/(IA + D2). Using D2 ap 1.5 D1 and D1 ap A, then the proposed method achieves 2lA/((l + 1.5)A) or a speedup of 2 as I, the number of scalar point multiplications on an identical base point, approaches infinity. This performance was achieved by applying the reduced complexity Montgomery Invariant point addition equation along with y-coordinate recovery to generate the point Q equal to kP. Finally, the LSB Invariant method is adapted to projective coordinates to achieve a further performance increase when the penalty for performing a field inversion operation is greater than 4 multiplications.
Dynamic Econometric Input-Output Modeling: New Perspectives

In this chapter we discuss some, in our view, fruitful future directions for econometric input-output (IO) modeling. In particular, we bring to the attention of practitioners of this line of research the important recent developments, both theoretical and empirical, in other fields of economics, in particular, in macroeconomics, agricultural economics, and post-Keynesian economics, which have been completely ignored in this strain of modeling. We highlight issues related to modeling of private consumption (consumers’ heterogeneity, socio-economic characteristics of households), and of production and trade (imperfect competition, technical change), data calibration, and real and financial stock-flow consistency. Given their importance and usefulness for a sound economic analysis, we think that regional research in general would benefit if these issues were incorporated into and/or appropriately adopted to the needs of econometric IO (or other relevant regional research) modeling.