cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A tri-citation analysis exploring the citation image of Kurt Lewin

This paper presents the initial phase of a comparison of cocitation and social network analysis methods for the study of scholarly communication. The subject is a case study of the intellectual contributions of the social psychologist, Kurt Lewin. Lewin's “citation image” is examined with an analysis of intellectual “fellow travelers” as viewed by writers who cite both Lewin and other authors. In this paper I report the findings of an author tri-citation analysis that explores the relationships among authors linked to Lewin by citations in the three ISI databases. Lists of the sixty authors most highly cocited with Lewin in two time periods (1972–1986 and 1987–2001) were derived and then explored with two multivariate techniques: cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling. Findings indicate the continuing diffusion of Lewin's ideas. Group Dynamics and Social Psychology clusters show a shift in members from the early period to the late. The later map shows the growing dominance of organizational development and business management. Although psychology remains a prominent arena for Lewin's ideas there is increasing divergence between the disciplines of psychology and organizational development.
From Conquest to Compromise: A Study of the China-Hong Kong Border

There are very few land borders in the world today that separate what are euphemistically known as less developed from advanced industrial countries. The most obvious case is, of course, the Mexican-U.S. border and it is notable that the rapidly growing discipline of "Borderlands Studies" has its main intellectual origins in the study of this particular border (Stoddard, 1986). Research on the Mexico-U.S. border has contributed in a number of ways to the general analysis of development as well as to the specifics of U.S.-Mexican border interactions. There is, however, another "first world-third world" border that has attracted very little attention as a border per se, though it has attracted a great deal of attention in other ways. I refer to the Hong Kong-China border which separates the largest and one of the poorest less developed countries from what has been aptly labelled, the first industrialized colony. The immensity of China faces, along a border of less than fifty kilometres, what is now one of the top financial centres of the world and, on a per capita income basis, one of the richest two or three societies in Asia. In this paper I set out to locate the Hong Kong-China border within a "Borderlands Studies" perspective as part of a larger comparative study of the mainsprings of development.
Ets-1 is essential for connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) induction by TGF-β1 in osteoblasts.

Background Ets-1 controls osteoblast differentiation and bone development; however, its downstream mechanism of action in osteoblasts remains largely undetermined. CCN2 acts as an anabolic growth factor to regulate osteoblast differentiation and function. CCN2 is induced by TGF-β1 and acts as a mediator of TGF-β1 induced matrix production in osteoblasts; however, the molecular mechanisms that control CCN2 induction are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of Ets-1 for CCN2 induction by TGF-β1 in primary osteoblasts.
The solvolysis of N-acetoxy-4-acetylaminostilbene: Irreversible formation of nitrenium ions

Abstract Extensive kinetic studies and product analysis, coupled with 0–18 labeling experiments have shown that the solvolysis of N-acetoxy-4-acetylaminostilbene in buffered aqueous acetone proceeds via irreversible nitrenium ion formation. The conflict between this conclusion and that of a previous study is explained
Geochemical evaluation of the geothermal resources in the San Marcos region, Guatemala

Abstract The chemical and isotopic compositions of hot springs in the San Marcos region of Guatemala are internally consistent with a hydrologic model in which a deep 240°C reservoir and one or more shallow 195–200°C reservoirs are present. Variations in hot-spring water compositions results from a combination of boiling, mixing with cold, dilute water, and chemical re-equilibration with decreasing temperature. The recharge water for the deep 240°C reservoir is isotopically heavier than the local meteoric water and probably comes from many kilometers to the west or southwest. The water in the shallow reservoir is a mixture of the 240°C water with about 20 ± 5% of cold, locally derived meteoric water. After mixing, the water in the shallow reservoir re-equilibrates with reservoir rock at 195–200°C. In some places additional mixing with cold water occurs after water leaves the shallow reservoir.
Modernity, Heterotopia, and Homeless Texts

A shift toward “historical epistemology” has altered the nature of scholarship on modernity and nationality.1 Departing from objectivist and Eurocentric historiographies, postmodern and postcolonial scholars have began to reactivate the sedimented practices that naturalized “the nation” and instituted Europe as the original home of modernity.2 As the foundation of modern historical narratives, “the nation” is being revisited by scholars who view it not as a concrete and observable reality but as a modernist style of collective imagination, societal organization, and self-disciplining of citizens.3 By the contingent deployment of territory, history, language, ethnicity, and culture, the architects of modern cosmopolitical order naturalized the nation as a serially continuous and homogeneous entity endowed with a distinct identity and characteristic. By structuring thought-ways, patterns of identity, nations and nation-states regulated the modern time’s expanding gap between the “space of experience” and the “horizon of expectation.”4 In the new age of “fateful simultaneity of spring and autumn”5 when everything seemed “pregnant with its contrary,”6 the apocalyptic expectation of the radical rupture of the time to come was transformed into an anticipated and planned “progress” toward the future.
Mechanical properties of mineralized and sclerotized puparial cuticles of the flies Musca autumnalis and M. domestica

Mechanical properties of mineralized and sclerotized puparial cuticles of the face fly, Musca autumnalis, and the house fly, M. domestica, respectively, were determined. The thickness of mineralized cuticle is 55% greater than that of sclerotized cuticle (thickness = 41.7 and 26.8 μm, respectively) from puparia of similar diameter (2.4 to 2.8 mm). Nonetheless, breaking forces for both types of puparial cuticle are similar (load ultimate strength = 9.3–10.9 g). However, the mineralized puparia are considerably stiffer than sclerotized puparia (elastic modulus = 346.4 kg mm−1 and 711.5 kg mm−1, respectively) and exhibit fracture at relatively lower load values (percentage total deformation at fracture = 3.5% and 11.0%, respectively). Differences in mechanical properties of puparial cuticle are probably due to the kinds and quantities of cuticular components: The mineralized puparia contain appreciably more inorganic components such as calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, while the sclerotized puparia consist of relatively more organic components such as proteins and phenolics. The evolutionary and functional significance of mineralization and sclerotization as mechanisms for puparial cuticle stabilization is discussed.
Evaluation of lead hazard control treatments in four Massachusetts communities through analysis of blood-lead surveillance data

Abstract This study utilized existing blood-lead surveillance data and records of housing properties treated for lead hazard control (LHC) in order to investigate the effectiveness of LHC treatments performed in four Massachusetts communities (Boston, Cambridge, Malden, and Springfield). This research is part of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) overall program evaluation strategy for assessing the effectiveness of their LHC Grant Program. Childhood blood-lead levels (BLLs) in housing units that were treated through HUD's LHC Grant Program were compared to BLLs in untreated matched control housing units. Data from multiple sources—local housing departments, local tax assessor departments, and the Massachusetts Department of Public Health—were linked to identify similar sets of treated and untreated dwellings. Geometric mean BLLs from before and after treatment were compared for the two sets of housing. Ten years of blood-lead surveillance data for children living in the selected dwellings were analyzed using log-linear mixed models and logistic regression models. Results indicate a 50% decline in BLLs in treated homes, a significantly larger decline than in untreated homes after adjusting for the general downward trend in BLLs observed in the general population for the last several years. Data show that homes that received HUD LHC treatments had children with blood-lead levels that declined twice as fast as in similar untreated homes. These findings show that LHC efforts are successful in reducing children's blood-lead levels.
Land of 10,000 Facts: Minnesota’s New Digital Encyclopedia

Mnopedia is the recently created, born digital encyclopedia of the state of Minnesota. It is a project of the Minnesota Historical Society (MNHS), the state’s leading cultural heritage institution and one of the largest and oldest historical societies in the nation. The MNHS has been in existence since 1849 and tells the story of Minnesota’s past through exhibitions, extensive libraries and collections, twenty-six historic sites, educational programs, book publishing, and both financial and inkind assistance to county and local historical societies throughout the state. It provides a strong base for an encyclopedia to grow from.
371 ACUTE STARVATION AND ACETAMINOPHEN TOXICITY IN YOUNG VS ADULT MICE

Acute starvation, particularly in children, is often encountered due to infections. This is frequently accompanied by fever and requires antipyretic therapy. Since acetaminophen is widely used under these circumstances, we determined its toxicity (LD50) in young (8 day old) and adult male mice (strain CD-1). Animals were deprived of food for 6 hours with free access to water. Mice of both ages were intubated orally with either a drug suspension (500 to 4000 mg/kg) in tragacanth (o.25%) or vehicle and twenty-four hour LD50 data were computed. In adults, food deprivation for 6 hrs decreased LD50 from 1500 mg (control) to 750 mg (starved). In yound pups, however, starvation did not change LD50 of acetaminophen. Furthermore, when we compared the half-life of acetaminophen (500 mg/kg, P.O., single dose) in the young vs adult control mice, the data show that the mean half-life was longer in the young (4.59 hrs) than in the adults (o.85 hrs). The fraction of the drug absorbed was also higher in the young (78%) compared to the adults (57%). Thus, these results indicate that acute starvation in young mice does not alter the toxicity of acetaminophen which is in contrast to adults. The reasons for this phenomenon are unknown. (Supported in part by NIH grant HD 10063).
Accounting for Source Location and Transport Direction into Geostatistical Prediction of Contaminants

This paper presents a variant of the well-known kriging with a trend that allows one to account for the pollutant source coordinates and information about transport process into the spatial prediction of pollutant concentration. The new technique is illustrated using lead data from a Dallas metropolitan area and cadmium data from Palmerton (PA) NPL Superfund site. Instead of modeling the local spatial trend as low-order polynomials of coordinates, it is here expressed as a function of two factors that likely control the pollution spread: the distance to the smelter and the deviation from the major wind direction. Four different combinations of these two factors are developed, and their prediction performances are evaluated for a range of wind directions using cross-validation. Comparison with two traditional algorithms (OK and KT) shows that the proposed approach leads to smaller mean square errors of prediction when the correct wind direction is determined. The best combination of trend model and wind direction is site-dependent and derived using cross-validation. Kriging of residuals from a global trend model is an alternative to the use of local trends, and both techniques are shown to outperform ordinary kriging.
Marine biogeochemistry: Arctic shelf methane sounds alarm

Large quantities of methane lie trapped beneath the floor of the Arctic Ocean. Measurements in the southern Laptev Sea around the Lena River delta suggest that bubbles and storms facilitate the flux of some of this submarine methane to the atmosphere.
A Compact in-House Multi-Particle Cyclotron for Production of Radionuclides and Labeled Compounds for Medical Use

The Sloan-Kettering cyclotron located with covered access to two large hospitals, Memorial Hospital for Cancer and the New York Hospital, can accelerate deuterons to 8 MeV, protons and He-4 ions to 15 MeV and He-3 iohs to 23 MeV. A large number of radionuclides can be produced with these four particles and many compounds of physiological significance may be labeled. Methods will be described for the production of 15O as O2, CO and CO2 11C as CO, CO2, HCN, and other precursors for organic synthesis; 13N as N2, NO3-, NH4+ and 13N-labeled L-amino acids; 18F as NaF; 52Fe as ferrous citrate; 38K as KC1. Yields will be discussed, as well as the uses to which these radio indicators are put. The use of radioisotopes carbon-11, nitrogen-13 and fluorine-18 enables one to label compounds of true physiological or biochemical significance, and the concurrent development of instrumentation to quantitatively detect the localization of such compounds in the human body offers the opportunity to study phenomena heretofore impossible in the intact human, in a safe, non-invasive way. Examples of compounds which can be studied in this way are hormones, e.g. estradiol, for detection of breast cancer, amino acids for the detection of protein synthesis in tumors and the pancreas, precursors of DNA and RNA for the detection of abnormal cell growth, drugs related to neural disorders, e.g. haloperidol in schizophrenia.
Use of clamping to enhance intralesional bleomycin therapy for nodular basal cell carcinoma

Regional chemotherapy usually involves using intra-arterial or intracavitary drug infusion to increase drug concentration within tumor-containing tissue while minimizing systemic toxicity.1 It has long been used as a treatment modality for various malignancies including melanoma, soft tissue sarcoma, and primary brain tumors.1 Analogous to regional chemotherapy, intralesional chemotherapy has been used to maximize drug concentrations within tumor-containing cutaneous tissues for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. However, intralesional chemotherapeutic agents usually require multiple injections over time to achieve histologic clearance of basal cell carcinoma. For example, 9 to 10 injections of interferon alfa-2b and 6 injections of sustained-release 5-fluorouracil were used to achieve histologic cure rates of 67% to 86%2 and 91%,3 respectively. Electroporation has been used to increase the efficacy of intralesional bleomycin therapy so that a single injection can result in a 94% clearance rate of basal cell carcinoma.4 However, electrochemotherapy requires expensive equipment that may not be accessible to most physicians. A more practical method of reducing the number of injections required to achieve therapeutic cytotoxicity is to increase the duration of exposure to chemotherapy by mechanically isolating the area around the basal cell carcinoma.
Development of Multi-Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics Techniques for Extremely Large Telescopes

We outline ongoing work at the MMT telescope to develop altitude-conjugated adaptive optics using a constellation of laser guide stars. We describe how the new techniques will be applied to the planned Giant Magellan Telescope.
Traffic control: regulation of kinesin motors

Kinesins are a family of molecular motors that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move along the surface of, or destabilize, microtubule filaments. Much progress has been made in understanding the mechanics and functions of the kinesin motors that play important parts in cell division, cell motility, intracellular trafficking and ciliary function. How kinesins are regulated in cells to ensure the temporal and spatial fidelity of their microtubule-based activities is less well understood. Recent work has revealed molecular mechanisms that control kinesin autoinhibition and subsequent activation, binding to cargos and microtubule tracks, and localization at specific sites of action.
Cyclical infection prevalence in small groups

To investigate variability of endemic infection prevalence within groups, we contrasted three SIS models. A deterministic compartmental (DC) model was used to estimate means without stochastic variation; a stochastic compartmental (SC) model calculated variation around an equilibrium prevalence. An agent-based model (ABM) enabled serial observations of individuals. Under scenarios in which most infection arose from within the group and if the group was small, then Fast Fourier Transform analysis of the ABM showed significant low frequency oscillations of infection prevalence. This suggests that estimation of endemic prevalence among small groups should include some serial measurements to detect oscillatory behavior.
Enriched populations of rat pituitary thyrotrophs in monolayer culture.

Rat anterior pituitary cells were dissociated and subjected to 4 h of unit gravity sedimentation. Eighty-five 8-ml fractions were collected, and nine pooled fractions were placed in monolayer culture for 1 week. The attached cells were immunocytochemically stained for TSH using an antiserum previously shown to be specific for the β subunit of TSH and all culture media saved for subsequent assay of TSH. Thyrotrophs were localized both immunocytochemically and by radioimmunoassay to 1–2 fractions from the top of the sedimentation chamber. Typically, it was found that 60–80% of the cells in these fractions were immunocytochemically identified as thyrotrophs. Electron microscopic observations indicated that such cells displayed the classical morphological features associated with thyrotrophs. The enriched thyrotroph cultures responded to 1.0 mM dibutyryl cyclic AMP with an increased release of TSH indicating that the intracellular secretory machinery was not altered by the procedures employed. In all cases, t...
Lipid-lowering therapy after coronary revascularization : The interventional cardiologist's perspective

Despite the success of coronary interventions in the treatment of stenosis due to coronary atherosclerosis, it behooves cardiologists to treat the underlying disease by decreasing patients' cholesterol levels. Intravascular ultrasound has made it possible to detect plaque accumulation not visible on angiography. Although advanced lesions that are fibrous and calcific can be treated with atherectomy and lasers, it is the soft, lipid-laden plaque that is particularly vulnerable to rupture and leads to coronary events. Therefore, attention must also focus on decreasing atherosclerotic progression in patients who have undergone coronary interventions. Studies have clearly shown the value of cholesterol reduction in decreasing coronary events. However, a review of cardiologists' practices shows that more aggressive lipid-lowering therapy is needed. One way to achieve this goal is to treat and monitor patients who have undergone revascularization procedures and to encourage patients to become more involved in their own care.
Dielectric friction and chemical dynamics in solution

The role of dielectric friction in solvation dynamics and rotational motion is examined. Using the connection between solvatiOn dynamics and time dependent dielectric friction developed by van der Zwan and Hynes, it is demonstrated that solvation times determined from time dependent fluorescence studies can be used to accurately gauge dielectric friction contributions to the rotational diffusion of an oxazine dye in alcohol solutions. The generality of these conclusions requires that additional probe molecules, spanning a large range of permanent dipole moments, be studied. A series of amino substituted fluorenones are shown to be an excellent choice of molecules for such studies.
RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS IN DECOUPLING CONTROL OF MULTIVARIABLE NONLINEAR SYSTEMS

In this work we focus on the synergy between modeling with RNNs, and nonlinear controller design for decoupling control. The thesis of the paper is that recurrent neural networks (RNNs) can be conveniently used in an integrated black-box modeling and controller design methodology for decoupling control of multivariable nonlinear systems. A simulation example on a multivariable continuous-stirred-tank-reactor (CSTR) is provided to elucidate related issues. The effects of modeling uncertainty and state reconstruction on decoupling performance are specifically discussed.
An improved definition of proper efficiency for vector maximization with respect to cones

Abstract Recently Borwein has proposed a definition for extending Geoffrion's concept of proper efficiency to the vector maximization problem in which the domination cone S is any nontrivial, closed convex cone. However, when S is the non-negative orthant, solutions may exist which are proper according to Borwein's definition but improper by Geoffrion's definition. As a result, when S is the non-negative orthant, certain properties of proper efficiency as defined by Geoffrion do not hold under Borwein's definition. To rectify this situation, we propose a definition of proper efficiency for the case when S is a nontrivial, closed convex cone which coincides with Geoffrion's definition when S is the non-negative orthant. The proposed definition seems preferable to Borwein's for developing a theory of proper efficiency for the case when S is a nontrivial, closed convex cone.
Protecting Premium Traffic in Colorless Core Backbone: Test Results

End-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) in tactical military networks is crucial in order to protect premium traffic from non-premium traffic. Such networks will typically consist of end users on LANs at multiple security levels ("red" side) connecting to one common "colorless" or "black" backbone (WAN) via in-line network encryption (INE) devices. Having a colorless backbone simplifies network engineering and management burdens in otherwise having to maintain separate network architectures and insuring information does not flow between them. However, providing guaranteed QoS in such networks is not trivial due to policy restrictions which limit information sharing across INE devices. It is therefore assumed that vital information on the WAN side (such as topology and link bandwidth data), cannot be made known to the LAN side, where end-users reside. Our solution consists of dynamic queue management techniques in the colorless core network, working in conjunction with red-side admission control and preemption techniques, without violating security policy. In this paper we present results of testing the proposed solution. The testing was done in an environment consisting of LAN and WAN routers, surrogate INEs, red-side admission /preemption controller, and our black-side queue management software platforms. Results presented show improvements in protecting premium traffic in terms of throughput, packet loss and jitter, as compared to static queue management techniques. The queue management technique, of which its testing is described here, has been implemented under the PILSNER program at US Army, CERDEC, S&TCD, Fort Monmouth, NJ.
Assays and activities of glycosidic enzymes in bovine peripheral blood leukocytes

Abstract Methods are described for the quantitative measurement of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, α-mannosidase and β-glucuronidase in peripheral blood leukocytes of the bovine. Enzyme kinetics and stability were determined. Activities of the glycosidases in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and mononuclear leukocytes were determined using the optimized assays. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes had greater activities of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and α-mannosidase, and similar levels of β-glucuronidase, when compared to mononuclear leukocytes.
Particles of half-odd integral spin

In three papers (1, 2, 3) Bhabha has set up a new theory for relativistic particles of any spin, and has suggested that a particular wave equation of half-odd spin, classified as (, ½), may be applicable to the proton. It is therefore of interest to study this equation and to calculate results which could perhaps be compared with experiment; since in the non-relativistic limit the particle obeys Dirac's equation, it is sufficient to consider the behaviour at energies large compared to the rest mass. Here the important problem is the calculation of scattering cross-sections for cosmic-ray processes.
Inefficient Bypass of an Abasic Site by DNA Polymerase η

DNA polymerase η (Polη) bypasses acis-syn thymine-thymine dimer efficiently and accurately, and inactivation of Polη in humans results in the cancer-prone syndrome, the variant form of xeroderma pigmentosum. Also, Polη bypasses the 8-oxoguanine lesion efficiently by predominantly inserting a C opposite this lesion, and it bypasses the O6-methylguanine lesion by inserting a C or a T. To further assess the range of DNA lesions tolerated by Polη, here we examine the bypass of an abasic site, a prototypical noninstructional lesion. Steady-state kinetic analyses show that both yeast and human Polη are very inefficient in both inserting a nucleotide opposite an abasic site and in extending from the nucleotide inserted. Hence, Polη bypasses this lesion extremely poorly. These results suggest that Polη requires the presence of template bases opposite both the incoming nucleotide and the primer terminus to catalyze efficient nucleotide incorporation.
Structure of Ni(II) and Ru(III) Ammine Complexes Grafted onto Mesoporous Silicate Sieve

Ru(III) and Ni(II) ammine complexes were grafted onto the pore surface of MCM-41 by ion exchange from basic aqueous solution. Covalent anchoring of the type M−O−Si (M = Ru or Ni) is obtained by this method. The structure of the grafted complexes was studied by UV−vis, FT-IR, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. [Ru(NH3)5Cl]2+ readily yielded monopodal grafting, while dehydration was needed in the case of [Ru(NH3)6]3+ to achieve substitution of a NH3 ligand with a siloxy group. The interaction of charge-compensating siloxy groups with remaining NH3 ligands further stabilized the grafted Ru(III) centers. Dipodal grafting of Ni(II) was obtained with [Ni(NH3)6-x(H2O)x]2+ (x = 1 or 2). Upon dehydration, the dipodally grafted Ni(II) complexes are converted in a reversible process to a tripodally anchored form through substitution of a H2O ligand by a silanol group. The formation of layered Ni silicate structures, a dominant product in the Ni grafted amorphous silica, was not observed. This demonstrates that simpl...
Getting active: protein sorting in endocytic recycling

Endocytic recycling returns proteins to the plasma membrane in many physiological contexts. Studies of these events have helped to elucidate fundamental mechanisms that underlie recycling. Recycling was for some time considered to be the exception to a general mechanism of active cargo sorting in multiple intracellular pathways. In recent years, studies have begun to reconcile this seeming disparity and also suggest explanations for why early recycling studies did not detect active sorting. Further articulation of this emerging trend has far-reaching implications for a deeper understanding of many physiological and pathological events that require recycling.
Investigation of atmospheric $$ {\text{O}}_{2}{\text{X}}{^{ 3}}{ \sum_{\text{g}}^{ - }} \,{\text{to}}\, {\text{b}}{^{ 1}}{ \sum_{\text{g}}^{ + }} $$ using open-path tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy

A tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) device fiber coupled to a pair of 12.5 in. telescopes was used to study atmospheric propagation for open path lengths of 100–1,000 meters. More than 50 rotational lines in the molecular oxygen A-band O2 $$ {\text{X}}{^{ 3}}{ \sum_{\text{g}}^{ - }} \,{\text{to}}\, {\text{b}}{^{ 1}}{ \sum_{\text{g}}^{ + }} $$ transition near 760 nm were observed. Temperatures were determined from the Boltzmann rotational distribution to within 1.3 % (less than ±2 K). Oxygen concentration was obtained from the integrated spectral area of the absorption features to within 1.6 % (less than ±0.04 × 1018 molecules/cm3). Pressure was determined independently from the pressure-broadened Voigt lineshapes to within 10 %. A fourier transform interferometer (FTIR) was also used to observe the absorption spectra at 1 cm−1 resolution. The TDLAS approach achieves a minimum observable absorbance of 0.2 %, whereas the FTIR instrument is almost 20 times less sensitive. Applications include atmospheric characterization for high energy laser propagation and validation of monocular passive raging.
Constitutive secretion of GM-CSF by three different cell lines derived from a single patient with a progressive cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder

Three clonally related lymphoma lines (Mac-1, Mac-2A and Mac-2B) derived from progressive stages of CD30+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma were found to constitutively secrete GM-CSF. The secretion of GM-CSF was identified by the ability of cell line supernatants to stimulate growth of megakaryoblastic cell line M-07e. This supernatant-mediated stimulation was inhibited by anti-GM-CSF MoAb (>98% inhibition for Mac-1 and Mac-2B lines, and >95% for Mac-2A line). Synthesis of GM-CSF was confirmed, at the mRNA level, by reverse transcriptase PCR and, at the protein level, by ELISA. Quantification of GM-CSF in supernatants by ELISA showed that the Mac-1 line, derived from an early, clinically indolent stage of the lymphoma, produced much more GM-CSF (>1600 pg/ml) than Mac-2A and Mac-2B lines which were derived from a late, aggressive stage (30-50 and 50-120 pg/ml, respectively). Lack of inhibition of cell growth by anti-GM-CSF MoAb as well as lack of response to exogenous GM-CSF of cells cultured at low concentration have demonstrated that GM-CSF does not act directly as a growth factor for these lines. ELISA studies showed that GM-CSF concentration in serum and urine of the patient were not elevated (<5 pg/ml). From several other cell lines tested (two primary CD30+ ALCL, 2 CD30- non-lymphoblastic T-cell lymphomas and 4HD), only two HD lines with a T-lymphocyte phenotype secreted detectable amounts of GM-CSF. Our data show that cells lines from a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma constitutively secrete GM-CSF, although this capacity is relatively diminished in lines developed from more advanced disease.
The de Haas-van Alphen effect in the ordered alloys β′-CuZn and β′-PdIn: New experimental results

A detailed study has been made of the de Haas-van Alphen effect in β′-CuZn and β′-PdIn by the modulation method. Fourier analysis of the data confirms the existence of most of the frequencies observed previously and, in general, extends their range of observation. Several new branches have also been found, and the study has been extended to planes not investigated previously. Serious doubts arise concerning previous assignments of some of the branches in PdIn. In both alloys, several new branches have no immediate explanation in terms of the accepted models of the Fermi surface.
Compressive Imaging and the 1-Pixel Camera: Extracting Information from Multiplexed Photons

This talk will review the framework of compressive sensing, spotlighting its implementation in optical imaging and spectroscopy systems. The basis of these systems is a well-established body of work which asserts that one can exploit sparsity or compressibility when acquiring signals of general interest, and that one can design nonadaptive sampling techniques that condense the information in a compressible signal using far fewer data points than were thought necessary. Comparisons between various system designs and specific implementations will be discussed. Examples will include implementation in infrared, hyperspectral, and terahertz imaging systems. The implementation of model-based imaging strategies will also be discussed. Article not available.
Land subsidence session

A session on land subsidence caused by withdrawal of groundwater was held December 10, 1985, in San Francisco, Calif., at the AGU Fall Meeting. The symposium was organized by William E. Strange (National Geodetic Survey, Rockville, Md.) and Thomas L. Holzer (U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Menlo Park, Calif.) and was cosponsored by the AGU Geodesy and Hydrology sections. Nine papers were presented on topics that ranged from evaluations of the suitability of the new satellite-based Global Positioning System (GPS) to theoretical analyses of land subsidence. T. N. Narasimhan (Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories, Berkeley, Calif.) introduced the general subject of subsidence with a review of relevant physical processes. Compaction, although conceptually simple, involves several complexities, including plastic deformation and translation of deep-seated deformation through the overburden. Sashi Mathur (Tarleton State University, Stephenville, Tex.), in a paper coauthored with M. Yavuz Corapcioglu (City College of New York, New York), analyzed deformation in the unsaturated zone above a falling water table. Their theoretical formulation was able to reproduce results from laboratory studies of sand columns.
Dose-response studies on tolerance to multiple doses of secobarbital and methaqualone in a polydrug abuse population.

AbstractPatients from a polydrug abuse treatment program were titrated with either secobarbital or methaqualone, their primary drug of abuse, to a state of mild intoxication, consisting of lateral and vertical nystagmus, ataxia, slurred speech, and drowsiness. The mean dose required to produce each sign was compared to that determined in a similarly treated control group. Tolerance to secobarbital was more easily demonstrated than tolerance to methaqualone, and nystagmus was the least sensitive indicator of patient tolerance. The individual signs were also cumulated into a graded rating scale of central nervous system depression which would be related to the dose administered. Tolerance was easily demonstrated at the higher stages of toxicity for secobarbital in the overall patient population, but tolerance to methaqualone was only unequivocal in the subjects indicating a relatively high frequency of abuse. Tolerance to methaqualone occurred at the lower stages of toxicity, suggesting that there is a diff...
Suppression of Wild-type Rhodopsin Maturation by Mutants Linked to Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa

Autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP) has been linked to mutations in the gene encoding rhodopsin. Most RP-linked rhodopsin mutants are unable to fold correctly in the endoplasmic reticulum, are degraded by the ubiquitin proteasome system, and are highly prone to forming detergent-insoluble high molecular weight aggregates. Here we have reported that coexpression of folding-deficient, but not folding-proficient, ADRP-linked rhodopsin mutants impairs delivery of the wild-type protein to the plasma membrane. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer and co-precipitation studies revealed that mutant and wild-type rhodopsins form a high molecular weight, detergent-insoluble complex in which the two proteins are in close (<70 A) proximity. Co-expression of ARDP-linked rhodopsin folding-deficient mutants resulted in enhanced proteasome-mediated degradation and steady-state ubiquitination of the wild-type protein. These data suggested a dominant negative effect on conformational maturation that may underlie the dominant inheritance of ARDP.
Toward Postconflict Reconstruction

Whether states will have to be reconstructed is no longer the question; when and how to do so is. It is time to shift the debate away from nation building and toward the concept of postconflict reconstruction, whose four pillars are outlined here.
The House of Baring and American Trade

In these days of world-wide economic distress and intense nationalism the leading efforts in revival and recovery have been directed towards the rejuvenation of domestic economy. The United States stands today as one of the best examples of this tendency. Only a relatively few voices crying in the wilderness plead for balanced recovery through commensurate attention to foreign trade.
Spectral response of fixed photorefractive grating interference filters

We report a theoretical investigation of the frequency response of optical interference filters written in photorefractive materials. Counterpropagating coherent beams interact in the volume of a photorefractive crystal through two-beam coupling. The resulting hologram is fixed. The reflectivity of the hologram is calculated as a function of frequency. An analytic solution is obtained for arbitrary grating phase φ in the lossless case, α = 0. Numerical solutions are performed for α > 0. Experimental results are compared favorably with the theory.
Induction generator with Vienna rectifier: Feasibility study for wind power generation

This paper investigates the feasibility of using a topology with a squirrel-cage induction machine and a Vienna rectifier for a wind energy conversion system. Simulation results reveal that this configuration is advantageous with respect to energy efficiency and reliability compared to a traditional six-switch two-level inverter.
Replacing CFC-11 with HCFC-22 in polyurethane foam

In evaluating alternative blowing agents for polyurethane foams, HCFC-22 offers some unique characteristics which will allow its use as a replacement for CFC-11. HCFC-22's affinity for the foam B-side systems reduces its vapor pressure, and helps it overcome the handling and processing difficulties associated with its low boiling point. Additionally, HCFC-22 is nonflammable, with known toxicity (equivalent to CFC-11) and is commercially available. Its low molecular weight will mean reduced use over CFC-11 substitution. This paper will discuss the basic data that has been developed for HCFC-22 in polyurethane and polyisocyanurate systems, and results of foam trials in which HCFC-22 was used to replace CFC-11
Processing of Olfactory Information at Three Neuronal Levels in the Spiny Lobster

Odor quality coding was analyzed at three neuronal levels, receptor cells and two levels of chemosensory interneurons, in the olfactory system of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus . Responses to three of the most stimulatory compounds for this animal - taurine, glutamate and betaine - were recorded at each level in order to compare basic neuronal response properties, single cell and population response spectra, and across-neuron patterns. Mean response specificity increased for cells at each successive neuronal level. The increase in breadth of tuning between receptor cells and low-order interneurons was paralleled by an increase in interstimulus across-neuron correlations. However, in high-order interneurons, there was a relative decline in across-neuron correlations, indicating that the more broadly-tuned high-order interneurons are better able to discriminate between any two compounds than are the more narrowly-tuned low-order interneurons. Although stimulus quality appears to be coded by interneurons as an across-fiber pattern, the fact that some low-order and high-order interneurons retained the narrow specificity of receptor cells suggests that labeled lines may have an important function in coding throughout the olfactory pathway of the spiny lobster.
Flexibility of Vibrio cholerae ToxT in Transcription Activation of Genes Having Altered Promoter Spacing

Cholera, a severe diarrheal disease, is caused by ingestion of the gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Expression of V. cholerae virulence factors is highly regulated at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels by a complex network of proteins and small noncoding RNAs. The direct activator of transcription of most V. cholerae virulence genes is the ToxT protein. ToxT binds to a 13-bp sequence, the toxbox, located upstream of genes in its regulon. However, the organization of toxboxes relative to each other and to the core promoter elements at different genes varies dramatically. At different ToxT-activated genes a single toxbox may be necessary and sufficient for full activation, or pairs of toxboxes organized as either inverted or direct repeats may be required for full activation. Although all toxboxes are located at positions consistent with a class I promoter architecture, the locations of toxboxes relative to the transcription start site also vary from gene to gene. To further assess the ability of ToxT to activate transcription from different configurations relative to the core promoter elements, we constructed promoter-lacZ fusions having altered spacing both between toxbox pairs and between the promoter-proximal toxbox and the -35 box at five different ToxT-activated promoters. Our results suggest that that ToxT has remarkable flexibility in its positioning as a transcription activator and that different interactions between ToxT and RNA polymerase occur during transcription activation of promoters having different toxbox configurations.
Evidence for a pathogenic role of ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the cutaneous manifestations of biotin deficiency.

Abnormalities in fatty acid composition have been detected in biotin deficiency in humans and in the rat. However, the pathogenetic role of these abnormalities, if any, in the cutaneous manifestations of biotin deficiency is not clear. In a nutrient interaction experiment, we tested the hypothesis that an abnormality of omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism plays a pathogenetic role in the cutaneous manifestations. Five rats were fed an egg white diet that induces biotin deficiency; these rats developed the characteristic cutaneous abnormalities of biotin deficiency. Five additional rats were pair-fed the egg white diet and received Liposyn [77% linoleic acid (18:2 omega 6)]; these rats did not develop the cutaneous manifestations of biotin deficiency. The two groups had similar decreases in the rates of urinary excretion of biotin, the serum concentrations of biotin, the amounts of biotin in liver, and the hepatic activities of two biotin-dependent carboxylases; the two groups had similar increases in the rates of urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid. These observations provide evidence that (a) some abnormality in omega 6 PUFA metabolism has a pathogenetic role in the cutaneous manifestations of biotin deficiency and (b) this pathogenetic role can not be explained as a difference in biotin nutritional status due to a biotin-sparing effect of Liposyn.
Measurement of the ratio of Σ 0 to Λ 0 inclusive production from 28.5-GeV/ c protons on beryllium

The ratio of the cross section for ..sigma../sup 0/ inclusive production to the cross section for ..lambda../sup 0/ inclusive production has been measured with 28.5-GeV/c protons incident on a beryllium target at an average laboratory production angle of 4/sup 0/. This ratio was measured to be 0.278 +- 0.011 +- 0.05, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic in that order. The ratio does not depend strongly on the momentum of the produced particle between 10 and 24 GeV/c. The effect of ..sigma../sup 0/ contamination on previous determinations of the polarization of inclusively produced ..lambda../sup 0/'s is discussed.
Kairomonal Stimulation of Oviposition into an Artificial Substrate by the Endoparasitoid Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Preparation of an artificial oviposition substrate (AOS) from agarose and host hemolymph for oviposition by a parasitic wasp, Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), is described. Natural hosts for this endoparasitoid are larvae of Heliothis spp. Infusion of hemolymph from Heliothis zea (Boddie) into a drop of solidified agar induced females of M. croceipes to oviposit into the material. Ovipositional response to dilution of host hemolymph was determined. The factor or factors that stimulated oviposition were moderately heat sensitive, dialyzable, and unaffected by treatment with protease or pancreatic trypsin or hexane extraction. Hemolymph from Manduca sexta (L.) was less effective than H. zea hemolymph. The AOS will facilitate in vitro efforts to rear M. croceipes, because dissection of host larvae is no longer necessary and many eggs can be collected easily.
Monoclonal antibody to novel cell surface epitope on Hsc70 promotes morphogenesis of bile ducts in newborn rat liver

We previously described a cell surface reactive monoclonal antibody, MAb OC.10, which recognizes an epitope shared by rat fetal liver ductal cells, hepatic progenitor cells, mature cholangiocytes, and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Here, intrasplenic injection of MAb OC.10 into newborn rats was shown by immunofluorescence microscopy to strongly label intrahepatic bile ducts. Furthermore, the in situ labeling of intrahepatic cholangiocytes by injecting MAb OC.10 increased the number of intraportal and intralobular bile ducts with well-defined lumens when compared to IgM-injected control animals. The antigen for MAb OC.10 was identified by mass spectrometry as Hsc70, a constitutively expressed heat shock protein belonging to the HSP70 family. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that MAb OC.10 reacted with recombinant bovine Hsc70 protein, with protein immunoprecipitated from rat bile duct epithelial (BDE) cell lysates with monoclonal anti-Hsc70 antibody, and with Hsc70-FLAG protein over-expressed in human 293T cells. In addition, Hsc70-specific small interfering RNA reduced the amount of OC.10 antigen expressed in nucleofected BDE cells. Consistent with the specificity of MAb OC.10 for Hsc70, heat shock did not induce OC.10 expression in BDE cells, a characteristic of Hsp70. Immunofluorescence with BDE cells further suggested that MAb OC.10 binds a novel cell surface epitope of Hsc70. This was in contrast to a commercially available monoclonal anti-Hsc70 antibody that showed strong cytosolic reactivity. These findings demonstrate that presentation of the OC.10 epitope differs between cytosolic and surface forms of Hsc70 and may suggest distinct differences in protein conformation or epitope availability determined in part by protein–protein or protein–lipid interactions. Phage display and pepscan analysis mapped the epitope for MAb OC.10 to the N-terminal 340–384 amino acids of the ATPase domain of rat Hsc70. These findings suggest that MAb OC.10 recognizes an epitope on rat Hsc70 when presented on the cell surface that promotes morphogenic maturation of bile ducts in newborn rat liver. Furthermore, since we have shown previously that the OC.10 antigen is expressed on HCC subpopulations with oval cell characteristics, our current results indicate that Hsc70 has the potential to be expressed on the surface of certain tumor cells.
Changes in the distribution of thymidine-3H labeled cells in the growing liver acinus of neonatal rats.

Abstract The distribution of labeled cells was studied in radioautograms of neonatal rat liver after thymidine- 3 H injection. Labeled parenchymal cells were randomly located within the simple liver acinus of the newborn rat. In the ensuing days after birth, the distribution of labeled cells became nonrandom, in that the majority of cells synthesizing DNA were progressively localized into periportal areas (acinar zone 1). In addition, the acini became wider after birth, although the number of cells across their widest point did not increase. The changes in distribution of labeled cells within the acinus are considered to be the result of the drastic alteration of hepatic blood supply at birth.