cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wholesome versus Unwholesome Exercise

(1910). Wholesome versus Unwholesome Exercise. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 15, No. 7, pp. 500-507.
A noninvasive method to study regulation of extracellular fluid volume in rats using nuclear magnetic resonance

Time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR)-based measurement of body composition of rodents is an effective method to quickly and repeatedly measure proportions of fat, lean, and fluid without anesthesia. TD-NMR provides a measure of free water in a living animal, termed %fluid, and is a measure of unbound water in the vascular and extracellular spaces. We hypothesized that injecting a bolus of fluid into the peritoneal cavity would lead to an abrupt increase in %fluid and the rate of clearance monitored with TD-NMR would provide a noninvasive assessment of the free water homeostasis in an awake rat. Several strains of laboratory rats were injected intraperitoneally with 10 ml/kg isotonic or hypertonic saline and %fluid was monitored repeatedly with a Bruker "Minispec" TD-NMR body composition system. Following isotonic saline, %fluid increased immediately by 0.5% followed by a recovery over ∼6 h. Injecting hypertonic (3 times normal saline) resulted in a significantly greater rise in %fluid and longer recovery. Intraperitoneal and subcutaneous fluid injection led to similar rates of clearance. The Wistar-Kyoto rat strain displayed significantly slower recovery to fluid loads compared with Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley strains. Rats exercised chronically showed significant increases in %fluid, but the rate of clearance of fluid was similar to that of sedentary animals. We conclude that this technique could be used to study vascular and extracellular volume homeostasis noninvasively in rats.
A Portable Sensory Augmentation Device for Balance Rehabilitation Using Fingertip Skin Stretch Feedback

Neurological disorders are the leading causes of poor balance. Previous studies have shown that biofeedback can compensate for weak or missing sensory information in people with sensory deficits. These biofeedback inputs can be easily recognized and converted into proper information by the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates the appropriate sensorimotor information and stabilizes the human posture. In this study, we proposed a form of cutaneous feedback which stretches the fingertip pad with a rotational contactor, so-called skin stretch. Skin stretch at a fingertip pad can be simply perceived and its small contact area makes it favored for small wearable devices. Taking advantage of skin stretch feedback, we developed a portable sensory augmentation device (SAD) for rehabilitation of balance. SAD was designed to provide postural sway information through additional skin stretch feedback. To demonstrate the feasibility of the SAD, quiet standing on a force plate was evaluated while sensory deficits were simulated. Fifteen healthy young adults were asked to stand quietly under six sensory conditions: three levels of sensory deficits (normal, visual deficit, and visual + vestibular deficits) combined with and without augmented sensation provided by SAD. The results showed that augmented sensation via skin stretch feedback helped subjects correct their posture and balance, especially as the deficit level of sensory feedback increased. These findings demonstrate the potential use of skin stretch feedback in balance rehabilitation.
Structural Characterization of a Series of New Ternary η-Nitride Compounds

The structures of four new tungsten based, ternary nitride compounds, Fe3W3N, Ni6W6N, Ni2W4N, and Fe4W2N, each prepared using a complexed precursor synthesis route, have been determined by Rietveld analyses of the respective powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) data. Each compound crystallizes in a relatively complex cubic structure which is in general isostructural with the pg-carbide structure. However, subtle structural differences which are compositionally dependent do exist between each nitride and these will be examined in detail in this paper.
A word-superiority effect in the presence of foveal load.

Foveal stimuli have been shown to disrupt visual information processing in the parafovea and periphery by their mere presence. In the present study, 6 subjects were presented letter triads 3.58° to the right or left of the point of fixation. At the same time, a single letter was presented at the point of fixation that was either the same as the middle letter in the triad or different from any of the triad letters. On other trials, no letter was presented at the point of fixation. Analysis indicated a word superiority effect when a foveal letter was presented that was the same as the letter in the triad. Performance between words and nonwords did not differ significantly when the foveal letter was different or absent. It was concluded that the mere presence of foveal load alone is not disruptive to performance. Depending on the visual context of the target to be reported, the presence of a foveal stimulus may improve performance.
Insights into the Kinetics of Cracking and Dehydrogenation Reactions of Light Alkanes in H-MFI

Monomolecular reactions of alkanes in H-MFI were investigated by means of a dispersion-corrected density functional, ωB97X-D, combined with a hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) method applied to a cluster model of the zeolite. The cluster contains 437 tetrahedral (T) atoms, within which a T5 region containing the acid site along with the representative alkane is treated quantum mechanically. The influence of active site location on reaction energetics was examined by studying cracking and dehydrogenation reactions of n-butane at two regions in H-MFI–T12, where the proton is at the intersection of straight and sinusoidal channels, and T10, where the proton is within the sinusoidal channel. Two transition states were observed for cracking: one where the proton attacks the C–C bond and another where it attacks a C atom. Dehydrogenation proceeds via a concerted mechanism, where the transition state indicates simultaneous H2 formation and proton migration to the framework. Intrinsic activatio...
Hidden Opportunities: ISLAM, MASCULINITY AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION

Much has been written about patriarchal interpretations of Islam as an obstacle to poverty alleviation in the gender and development literature in Bangladesh, but little research has been carried out on its counterpoint: grassroots Muslim feminist spirituality. Islam is seen as a patriarchal monolith; Muslim men are viewed as inherently inimical to gender empowerment programs. Based on a sample of 200 male and female villagers, this ethnographic study of sharecropper micro credit families revealed at least three masculinities: ‘high-minded (udaar)’, ‘mixed’ and ‘abusive (beshi mare)’. The author analyzes three vignettes of Muslim husbands of Grameen Bank loanees, to illustrate the role that Islam plays in the construction of the different masculinities that these men represent. Muslim women see Islam as a positive force and use ‘boodhi’ (wisdom), based on Muslim spirituality as a tool to argue for greater mobility and market access. Increased patriarchal risk compels ‘high-minded’ men to remain silent in ...
Varying-Length Polymer Microneedle Arrays Fabricated by Droplet Backside Exposure

This paper presents a single-step backside ultraviolet lithography method, namely droplet backside exposure (DBE), for making slanted microneedle structures monolithically on a flexible polymer substrate. To demonstrate the feasibility of the DBE approach, SU-8 microneedle arrays were fabricated on polydimethylsiloxane substrates. The length of the microneedles was controlled by tuning the volume of the SU-8 droplet, utilizing the wetting barrier phenomenon at a liquid-vapor-hydrophilic surface-hydrophobic surface interface. The experimental results show excellent repeatability and controllability of the DBE method for microneedle fabrication. Analytical models and the finite element method were studied to predict the dimensions of the microneedles, which agreed with the experimental data. To verify the versatility of the proposed DBE method, different microneedle structures were implemented, including a slanted hollow microneedle array and a slanted microscale waveguide (μ-waveguide) array. Furthermore, an as-fabricated μ-waveguide array was coupled with a microlight-emitting diode array, which can potentially be utilized as an optical neural interface for applications in optogenetics-based neural stimulation.
“Transport limiting mechanisms of amorphous (a-Si:H) and microcrystalline(mc-Si:H) thin film heterostructures for photovoltaic application”

Direct conversion of sunlight into electricity employing amorphous (a-Si:H) and microcrystalline (mc-Si) silicon solar cell structures provides cheap, continuous, large-area device capability. However, the inherent instability due to light induced degradation of such cells poses a challenge for practical photovoltaic applications. To work around this problem, we have made use of a-Si:H/c-Si (crystalline) and mc-Si/c-Si heterostructures. Plasma decomposition of 2% silane gas (SiH4/He) in an ECR (electron cyclotron resonance)-CVD configuration forms the basis of the deposition technique. Electro-optical properties exhibit photoconductivity (σp) of 6.5×10−6 S/cm and a low dark conductivity (σd) of 1.4×10−9 S/cm for a-Si:H films and a relatively high σp of 2.1×10−4 S/cm and a high σd of 1.2×10−7 S/cm for mc-Si films. A possible multitunneling transport mechanism is evident for a low forward bias with the current conduction becoming space charge limited with increasing bias. The domination of this latter mechanism may be responsible for non-ideal junction behavior.
Convergence of Iterative Methods and Generalized Fractional Calculus

We present a semilocal convergence study of some iterative methods on a generalized Banach space setting to approximate a locally unique zero of an operator.
Recurrent Mutations in the MTOR Regulator RRAGC in Follicular Lymphoma.

Purpose: This study was performed to further our understanding of the biological and genetic basis of follicular lymphoma and to identify potential novel therapy targets. Experimental Design: We analyzed previously generated whole exome sequencing data of 23 follicular lymphoma cases and one transformed follicular lymphoma case and expanded findings to a combined total of 125 follicular lymphoma/3 transformed follicular lymphoma. We modeled the three-dimensional location of RRAGC-associated hotspot mutations. We performed functional studies on novel RRAGC mutants in stable retrovirally transduced HEK293T cells, stable lentivirally transduced lymphoma cell lines, and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Results: We report recurrent mutations, including multiple amino acid hotspots, in the small G-protein RRAGC, which is part of a protein complex that signals intracellular amino acid concentrations to MTOR, in 9.4% of follicular lymphoma cases. Mutations in RRAGC distinctly clustered on one protein surface area surrounding the GTP/GDP–binding sites. Mutated RRAGC proteins demonstrated increased binding to RPTOR (raptor) and substantially decreased interactions with the product of the tumor suppressor gene FLCN (folliculin). In stable retrovirally transfected 293T cells, cultured in the presence or absence of leucine, multiple RRAGC mutations demonstrated elevated MTOR activation as evidenced by increased RPS6KB/S6-kinase phosphorylation. Similar activation phenotypes were uncovered in yeast engineered to express mutations in the RRAGC homolog Gtr2 and in multiple lymphoma cell lines expressing HA-tagged RRAGC-mutant proteins. Conclusions: Our discovery of activating mutations in RRAGC in approximately 10% of follicular lymphoma provides the mechanistic rationale to study mutational MTOR activation and MTOR inhibition as a potential novel actionable therapeutic target in follicular lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res; 22(21); 5383–93. ©2016 AACR.
Desorption of quaternary nitrogen compounds from cotton and wool fabrics.

The use of quaternary nitrogen compounds as bacteriostatic agents for fabrics introduces factors not ordinarily encountered in the application of germicides. The nature of the cellulose or keratin governs the degree of adsorption of these cationic agents and the tendency for desorption likewise is dependent on the nature of the physical-chemical bond between the fiber and the quaternary. One purpose in imparting antibacterial properties to fabric is to prevent pathologic conditions of the skin alleged to be caused by the ammonia produced from bacterial decomposition of urinary urea. If bacteriostatic effects are to be achieved, consideration should be given to the degree of desorption of the germicide from the fabrics, since it may be that only the quaternary not in physical or chemical combination is free to act on the microorganisms. Furthermore, the efficacy of the quaternaries is in proportion to the germicidal susceptibility of the various species of microflora implicated in such conditions as "ammonia dermatitis." The twofold purpose of this study was to determine the relative resistance of certain urease-active microorganisms to the bacteriostatic action of cotton fabric impregnated with different amounts of five quaternaries and to ascertain the amount of one of the quaternaries desorbed from both cotton and wool fabrics.
Do Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Cause Fractures

Recent meta-analyses report a 70 % increase in fracture risk in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) users compared to non-users; however, included studies were observational and limited in their ability to establish causality. Here, we use the Bradford Hill criteria to explore causality between SSRIs and fractures. We found a strong, consistent, and temporal relationship between SSRIs and fractures, which appears to follow a biological gradient. However, specificity and biological plausibility remain concerns. In terms of specificity, the majority of available data have limitations due to either confounding by indication or channeling bias. Self-controlled case series address some of these limitations and provide relatively strong observational evidence for a causal relationship between SSRIs and fracture. In doing so, they suggest that falls contribute to fractures in SSRI users. Whether there are also underlying changes in skeletal properties remains unresolved. Initial studies provide some evidence for skeletal effects of SSRIs; however, the pathways involved need to be established before biological plausibility can be accepted. As the link between SSRIs and fractures is based on observational data and not evidence from prospective trials, there is insufficient evidence to definitively determine a causal relationship and it appears premature to label SSRIs as a secondary cause of osteoporosis. SSRIs appear to contribute to fracture-inducing falls, and addressing any fall risk associated with SSRIs may be an efficient approach to reducing SSRI-related fractures. As fractures stemming from SSRI-induced falls are more likely in individuals with compromised bone health, it is worth considering bone density testing and intervention for those presenting with risk factors for osteoporosis.
A framework for extending the Science Traceability Matrix: Application to the planned europa mission

One of the most critical functions of the systems engineering requirements process for a large multi-instrument science-driven space mission is to successfully communicate customer expectations into a comprehensive and traceable science requirements flowdown. These requirements are essential to communicating the constraints on the scope of the science investigations and clarifying how multiple instruments contribute to a given science goal. They also provide insight into how the science goals of the whole mission are affected by design choices. There is little specific guidance available on best practices for developing this science-driven flowdown. A unified Science Traceability Matrix (USTM) contains a significant amount of information that can be leveraged for that purpose, but the USTM was not designed to directly produce a complete science requirements flowdown. Thus, starting with the principles codified in a USTM, the authors propose a framework that directly maps into the requirements flowdown and supports broader systems engineering processes while retaining its meaning to the science team. This Science Traceability and Alignment Framework, or STAF, defines a set of common definitions and valid relationships to structure communication across the project. In addition, STAF populates a network of information that can be useful to support complex mission analysis activities such as fault protection. This work discusses the highest-level implementation of the STAF, the project-domain or P-STAF, which describes an approach to decomposing customer requirements into science requirements. The planned Europa Mission is used as a case study for the implementation of this framework and its potential benefits to a project.
Abstract WP393: Cervical Arterial Fibromuscular Dysplasia in a Bi-ethnic Population: a Retrospective Study in U.S.-Mexican Border

Background: There have been studies trying to characterize Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD), however most of them are based in mainly non-Hispanic samples. The objective of this study is to describe t...
Abstract LB-192: Phenotyping human myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) subsets

MDSCs are heterogeneous occurring at varying stages of commitment and differentiation. They increase in cancer and other patients with inflammatory diseases and may best be defined based on their ability to suppress T and B cell responses. In recent years these cells have demonstrated clinical relevance, including a negative correlation with prognosis and overall survival in cancer patients increasing with tumor progression and stage. MDSCs were originally described in mice based on a lack of phenotypic markers, i.e. null cells, or predicated on their function, as natural suppressor (NS) cells. Subsequently they were found in humans, based on CD34 expression supporting a hematopoietic progenitor phenotype. The identification of human phenotype(s) is complicated by the association of suppressor cell function with multiple phenotypes. This includes two main subsets defined based on the expression or lack of myeloid and lymphoid markers, with specific phenotypes extent investigator dependent. There is a consensus that MDSCs constitute a continuum of immature to differentiated myeloid cells ranging from multi-potential hematopoietic progenitors to morphologically differentiated granulocytic and monocytic leukocytes. One trending hypothesis is that MDSC phenotypes form three subsets include macrophage (M-) MDSCs with a monocytic morphology, expressing CD14 and no CD15 or CD66b and granulocytic (G)-MDSCs phenotypically characterized by CD15 and/or CD66B expression and no CD14; and an immature (i-) MDSC defined as linage negative, CD33+ cells. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on markers extent to CD14 and CD15 although linage negative and DR- provide a common theme; although not commonly utilized between laboratories and MDSC subset. We provide herein a Flow cytometric strategy utilizing single staining tube and a linear phenotypic characterization that is supported by density and T-cell suppression confirmation. We suggest that staining with Lin, HLA-DR, CD14, CD15, CD11b, CD33 antibodies provides sufficient markers to subset into the three MDSC phenotypes that can be further subset with CD16. PDL1 and CD34 expression. Interestingly the majority of iMDSC express CD34 on the CD33+ cells together with CD14 or CD15 supporting a plastic phenotype with myeloid commitment. All subset can be further, delineated based on CD16 expression further suggesting immaturity. We will note, that some cancer patients express these cell phenotypes at very high levels in the circulation; although the preponderance of G-MDSC vs M-MDSC varies between patients. Citation Format: James E. Talmadge, Holly Britton, Alicia Dafferner, Phyllis Warkentin, Kathryn Cole. Phenotyping human myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) subsets [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-192. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-LB-192
DecisionDroid: a supervised learning-based system to identify cloned Android applications

This study presents DecisionDroid, a supervised learning based system to identify cloned Android app pairs. DecisionDroid is trained using a manually verified diverse dataset of 12,000 Android app pairs. On a hundred ten-fold cross validations, DecisionDroid achieved 97.9% precision, 98.3% recall, and 98.4% accuracy.
A bi-functional reporter plasmid for the simultaneous transient expression assay of two herpes simplex virus promoters.

We have constructed a transient expression vector (pCAL) containing two reporter genes, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) and β-galactosidase (β-gal) for use in studying herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) promoter activity in mammalian cells. The construct was designed to be useful in analyzing the simultaneous expression from two different promoters. To test the utility of the vector, we used three HSV-1 promoters that had been characterized previously by workers in this laboratory. Two are early (β) promoters, for alkaline exonuclease and deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase; the third promoter controls the major capsid protein transcript and is late (βγ). The two different kinetic classes of promoters were ligated in a divergent orientation into pCAL and transfected into rabbit skin fibroblast. Transfected cells were then superinfected with low multiplicities of HSV-1; 18 hr later, we observed the simultaneous expression of both marker genes under control of the respective promoters. The usefulness of such a transient expression reporter vector is discussed.
The Teasing Effect: An Underappreciated Benefit of Creating and Resolving an Uncertainty:

AbstractSeven studies covering diverse contexts show an underappreciated benefit of teasing in information acquisition: first creating and then resolving an uncertainty can generate a net positive experience, yet laypeople do not seek out this process. For example, trivia readers report better hedonic experiences if they are first teased with some missing information and then given that information than if they receive all the information at the same time; however, when given a choice, readers prefer to receive all information at the same time. The authors further show that teasing is hedonically beneficial because uncertainty engenders curiosity and thereby builds a potential for a positive experience, whereas uncertainty resolution satisfies the curiosity and thereby realizes that potential. This research yields practical implications by demonstrating that imbuing an ad with an uncertainty creation–resolution process improves the viewer’s attitude toward and increases the viewer’s willingness to try the...
Attraverso paesaggi sonori: un workshop per la preservazione e valorizzazione del suono

: Il presente contributo intende ripercorrere il viaggio proposto in occasione del Travelling soudscape workshop realizzato a Locarno nel settembre del 2016. L’officina internazionale transdisciplinare ha mosso dalla volonta di sperimentare metodologie partecipative di lavoro sul campo orientate a coglie la sfida di porre al centro l’orecchio per la conoscenza del territorio. Il workshop, promosso nell’ambito della cooperazione internazionale all’interno dell’accordo “ Brazilian-Swiss Joint Research Programme (BSJRP)” ha prodotto nuova conoscenza attraverso una forte condivisione in modalita residenziale di lavoro “sul campo”. Pensato come itinerante sul territorio ticinese, il workshop ha portato i partecipanti, provenienti da diverse culture e con un background molto vario, a contatto con le differenti dimensioni sonore. L’intento era di offrire un luogo -ovvero uno spazio vissuto intensamente e reciprocamente- in grado di configurare come nuova piattaforma di dialogo e di scambio dei molteplici punti di vista. Ottimi i risultati nei termini di disseminazione e di produzione scientifica di nuova conoscenza oltre che di costituzione della comunita di apprendimento.
Husserl and Racism at the Level of Passive Synthesis

A number of philosophers within critical race theory use phenomenology to describe the way in which their identities are always already constituted as delinquent within the consciousness of white p...
Polygonal motion and adaptable phototaxis via flagellar beat switching in Euglena gracilis

Biological microswimmers exhibit versatile strategies for sensing and navigating their environment, e.g., run-and-tumble and curvature modulation. Here we report a striking behavior of Euglena gracilis, where Euglena cells swim in polygonal trajectories due to exposure to increasing light intensities. While smoothly curved trajectories are common for microswimmers, such quantized ones have not been reported previously. This polygonal behavior emerges from periodic switching between the flagellar beating patterns of helical swimming and spinning behaviors. We develop and experimentally validate a biophysical model that describes the phase relationship between the eyespot, cell orientation, light detection, and cellular reorientation, that accounts for all three behavioral states. Coordinated switching between these behaviors allows ballistic, superdiffusive, diffusive, or subdiffusive motion (i.e., the tuning of the diffusion constant over 3 orders of magnitude) and enables navigation in structured light fields, e.g., edge avoidance and gradient descent. This feedback-control links multiple system scales (flagellar beats, cellular behaviors, phototaxis strategies) with implications for other natural and synthetic microswimmers.
JOBS BEFORE COLLEGE COMPLETION AND CAREER BUILDING OF YOUNG WORKERS THROUGH JOB SWITCHING

We analyze job switching and wage growth of young workers, separately considering the jobs experienced by workers before and after college completion. These two groups of jobs consist of very different occupational compositions. Workers with many jobs before college completion (JBCC) and with little or no job experiences before college completion have similar subsequent wage paths. These facts can be interpreted that JBCC contribute less to career building compared to the ones after college completion. If we disregard all JBCC, the number of jobs that are experienced by workers before age 35 are about three jobs fewer than the total number of jobs.
Neutralization of MHV-A59 by soluble recombinant receptor glycoproteins.

The interaction of viruses with specific receptors is an important determinant of viral tissue tropism and species specificity. Our goals are to understand how mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) recognizes its cellular receptor, MHVR, and how post-binding interactions with this receptor influence viral fusion and entry. Murine cells express a variety of cell surface molecule in the biliary glycoprotein (Bgp) family that are closely related to the MHVR. When these proteins are expressed at high levels in cell culture, they function as MHV receptors. We used a baculovirus expression system to produce soluble recombinant murine Bgp receptors in which the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains have been re-placed with a six-histidine tag. The soluble glycoproteins were purified to apparent homo-geneity and shown to react with antisera to the native receptor. We compared the virus neutralizing activities of various soluble receptor glycoproteins. Soluble MHVR [sMHVR(1–4)] had 10–20 fold more virus neutralizing activity the soluble protein derived from the Bgplb glycoprotein [sBgplb(1–4)], from MHV-resistant SJL mice. The sMHVR(1–4) glycoprotein was 60–100 fold more active than a truncated receptor mole-cule containing only the first two immunoglobulin-like domains, sMHVR(l,2). The obser-vation that sMHVR lacking domains 3 and 4 neutralizes MHV-A59 very poorly suggests that these domains may influence virus binding or subsequent steps associated with neutralization.
Changes in human mucosal gamma delta T cell repertoire and function associated with the disease process in inflammatory bowel disease.

Although γδ T cells are a major component of the human intestinal mucosa, it is not clear what role they play in mucosal immunity or if they are involved in the disease process of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Flow cytometry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were used to identify quantitative and qualitative changes in the repertoire of γδ T cells present in surgical and/or biopsy samples of normal and inflamed colon from individual patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD). Cytokine production and the ability to adhere to and interact with colonic fibroblasts were used to compare the functional properties of γδ T cells isolated from the normal and diseased colonic mucosa. Increased numbers of γδ T cells localized in areas of inflammation and tissue injury were found in the majority of patients, irrespective of the type of IBD present. This expansion was attributable to an increase in Vδ1+ cells expressing a Vδ1-(Dδ3)-Jδ1-encoded T cell receptor and was seen in patients with severe disease as well as those with newly diagnosed or less severe forms of IBD. Among T cells present in the inflamed mucosa of patients with CD, γδ T cells, particularly Vδ1+ cells, were a major source of the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-γ and could interact with colonic fibroblasts. Our results demonstrate that the chronic inflammatory immune response characteristic of IBD is associated with distinct changes in the number, distribution, composition, and function of mucosal γδ T cells. Through the production of cytokines and physical interaction with other cells, γδ T cells can perform an immunoregulatory function and contribute to the pathophysiology of IBDs.
Kaposi’s varicelliform eruption in a patient with metastatic melanoma and primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma treated with talimogene laherparepvec and nivolumab

Immune-directed therapies have become front-line therapy for melanoma and are transforming the management of advanced disease. In refractory cases, multi-modal immunoncology (IO) approaches are being utilized, including combining immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with oncolytic herpes viruses. Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) is the first genetically modified oncolytic viral therapy (OVT) approved for the treatment of recurrent and unresectable melanoma. The use of IO in patients with concomitant malignancies and/or compromised immune systems is limited due to systematic exclusion from clinical trials. For example, a single case report of a solid organ transplant patient successfully treated with T-VEC for metastatic melanoma has been reported. Furthermore, the use of ICB in T-cell malignancies is limited and paradoxical worsening has been described. To our knowledge, this is the first report of dual ICB/T-VEC being administered to a patient with concurrent primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (pcALCL) and melanoma. Here we present the case of a patient with concomitant primary cutaneous ALCL and metastatic melanoma, progressing on anti-programmed death (PD)-1 therapy, who developed Kaposi’s varicelliform eruption after receiving the first dose of Talimogene laherparepvec. This case highlights the complexities of care of patients with coexistent cancers, demonstrates rapid progression of primary cutaneous ALCL on nivolumab and introduces a novel adverse effect of Talimogene laherparepvec.
Busting the Myth of the Non-Social Gamer: Comparing Friendship Quality Between Gamers and Non-Gamers:

Beyond the use of social media, people now often connect with people around the globe through online gaming. There are more than one billion people worldwide who play online games, and almost one-h...
Toward a Moratorium on Publishing in the Field of Educational Studies: Where is This Train Going?

Invariably, when I sit down with longtime teacher-friends, who started teaching with me in 1995, we reminisce about the good old days when teaching was new to us and we had hope that education woul...
Efficacy of Computer-Based Telephone Counseling on Long-Term Adherence to Strength Training in Elderly Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Trial.

Objective To determine whether the Boston Overcoming Osteoarthritis through Strength Training Telephone-Linked Communication (BOOST-TLC) program, a novel telephone-based, motivational, strength-training exercise-adherence counseling intervention, improved adherence to a strength-training exercise program over 2 years. Methods Participants were recruited for this 2-year, single-blind, parallel-arm randomized controlled trial from knee osteoarthritis patient registries, community newspapers, and online websites in Massachusetts. Eligibility criteria included age 50 years or older, painful knee osteoarthritis, and ability to use a telephone. Exclusion criteria included medical conditions precluding exercise, inflammatory arthritis, current regular strength training, planned knee replacement surgery, dementia, inability to follow exercise instructions, and inability to use the TLC system. After participating in a group exercise class, participants were randomized to receiving motivational telephone calls through the BOOST-TLC program for 24 months or the control. Both control and intervention participants received a monthly automated phone message reminder to continue the program. Exercise adherence was ascertained by a single self-report item scored 0-10, where 10 represented complete adherence. Outcomes were evaluated at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Results A total of 104 subjects were randomized, and 89 subjects (44 control, 45 TLC) completed the 24-month follow-up. There was no significant difference in adherence at 24 months between groups (mean for control group 4.01 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 3.03, 4.99], mean for TLC subjects 3.63 [95% CI 2.70, 4.56]; P = 0.57). Conclusion In those with knee osteoarthritis who had participated in an exercise program, frequent motivational telephone reminders did not increase adherence to strength-training exercise.
Microbe Profile: Pseudomonas aeruginosa: opportunistic pathogen and lab rat

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen and a model bacterium for studying virulence and bacterial social traits. While it can be isolated in low numbers from a wide variety of environments including soil and water, it can readily be found in almost any human/animal-impacted environment. It is a major cause of illness and death in humans with immunosuppressive and chronic conditions, and infections in these patients are difficult to treat due to a number of antibiotic resistance mechanisms and the organism's propensity to form multicellular biofilms.
Neural network-based model of photoresist reflow

When polymers are heated above their glass transition temperature, they enter a viscous rubbery state that allows the polymer to be reshaped in a process called “reflow.” The final shape depends on the material, substrate, the initial dimensions of the structure, the reflow temperature, and time and is mostly governed by energy minimization. Most empirical models so far have used linear regression to predict scalar parameters like the thickness of the reflowed structure but do not account for intermediate shapes. In this work, the authors measure the profiles of photoresist patterns subjected to various reflow conditions, complementing results in the literature. Using shallow neural networks, they develop models to predict the type of shape produced after reflow and its full cross-sectional height profile. These models can serve as an aid for polymer engineering and fabrication and also demonstrate the usefulness of a neural network-based approach to physical optimization problems without analytical solutions.
Material Provocations in the Archives

As a name, “Anthropocene” would seem to signal that this geologic epoch is both because of humans and about humans. The latter implication draws on pervasive cultural ideas about nature which underlie the Anthropocene and its climatic impacts, namely nature as an extractable, endlessly-renewable resource. While scholars in the environmental humanities, animal studies, and critical plant studies have been quick to both diagnose and propose new directions for our engagements with the material universe, scholarship on archival materiality has continued to focus on the archives as an institution for and about human intellectual endeavors. In other words, the archives continues to be an extractable resource. Within the archives animal, plant, and abiotic changes which work against projects of human history are seen as failures, infestations, or disasters – they can never be properly archival. This essay offers a potential corrective to anthropocentric archiving, by bringing together Jane Bennett’s new materialist project of “vibrant matter,” Michael Marder’s vegetal philosophy, and Caitlin DeSilvey’s curation of decay to suggest avenues of engaging archival materiality as meaningful and provocative. As an analytic schema, this focus on the ‘vibrant archives’ does not aim to save records from planetary changes but to begin the work of re-thinking archival materiality (and its destruction) within the context of the Anthropocene. Pre-print first published online 04/07/2019
INCREASED AUDIT RISK AND COMPONENT AUDITOR USE. EVIDENCE FROM THE REVELATION OF INTERNAL CONTROL MATERIAL WEAKNESSES

This paper investigates how increases in client audit risk influence the use of component auditors. Auditors respond to increases in audit risk by making adjustments to the audit engagement such as increasing fees and/or increasing effort. As more audit resources are demanded by clients with increased audit risk, one way for the lead auditor to free up resources is to allocate more work to component auditors. Using a difference-in-difference research design, with the revelation of an internal control material weakness (ICMW) as an event for increased audit risk, we find that component auditor use increases after the revelation of an ICMW, and increases even more when the ICMW is severe. We also find that the increase in component auditor use after an ICMW is positively associated with the likelihood of ICMW remediation. Thus, we identify a situation where component auditor use enhances audit quality and provides a benefit to the company (i.e., increased likelihood of ICMW remediation). Our study should be of interest to regulators, given the criticism by the PCAOB regarding firms’ use of component auditors and the evidence in prior literature on how component auditor use influences audit quality.
Mental Health Risk Among Members of the Millennial Population Cohort: A Concern for Public Health.

Purpose:Within the millennial population cohort, identify groups reporting increased risk of nonspecific psychological distress. As the largest living population cohort, taking stock of health and ...
Comparison of outcomes following thoracoscopic versus thoracotomy closure for persistent patent ductus arteriosus.

Background: Patent ductus arteriosus closure is traditionally performed by thoracotomy approach. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is a less frequently utilised alternative. We sought to compare elective surgical outcomes between the two methods via a single-centre retrospective cohort analysis. Methods: All patients >3.2 kg undergoing surgical patent ductus arteriosus ligation at a single institution from 2000 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Propensity matching for age, weight, diuretic usage, and preterm status was conducted to adjust for differences in baseline patient characteristics. Outcome measures included operative time, hospitalisation duration, post-operative complications, and re-operation. Results: A total of 173 patients were included, 127 thoracoscopy and 46 thoracotomy. In the unmatched cohorts, no significant difference in closure success was found (94% thoracoscopy versus 100% thoracotomy, p = 0.192). Although median operative time was longer for thoracoscopy (87 versus 56 minutes, p < 0.001), hospitalisation duration was shorter (1.05 versus 2.41 days, p < 0.001), as was ICU stay (0.00 versus 0.75 days, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in re-operation or complication rates, except chest tube placement (11% thoracoscopy versus 50% thoracotomy, p < 0.001). After matching (69 thoracoscopy versus 20 thoracotomy), these differences persisted, including median operative time (81 versus 56 minutes, p = 0.007; thoracoscopy versus thoracotomy), hospitalisation duration (1.25 versus 2.27 days, p < 0.001), and chest tube placement (17% versus 60%, p < 0.001). There remained no significant difference in complications or re-operations. Conclusions: Thoracoscopic ligation was associated with shorter ICU and hospital stays and less frequent chest tube placement, but longer operative times. Other risks, including bleeding, chylothorax, and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, were similar.
Who dominates the conversation? The effect of gender, discussion medium, and controversy on political discussion

Previous research finds that when citizens discuss political topics, men tend to predominate. In this study, we investigate how discussion of political issues changes in different settings, using a...
Varying diffusion time to discriminate between simulated skeletal muscle injury models using stimulated echo diffusion tensor imaging.

Purpose Evaluate the relationship between muscle microstructure, diffusion time (Δ), and the diffusion tensor (DT) to identify the optimal Δ where changes in muscle fiber size may be detected. Methods The DT was simulated in models with histology informed geometry over a range of Δ with a stimulated echo DT imaging (DTI) sequence using the numerical simulation application DifSim. The difference in the DT at each Δ between healthy and injured skeletal muscle models was calculated, to identify the optimal Δ at which changes in muscle fiber size may be detected. The random permeable barrier model (RPBM) was used to estimate muscle microstructure from the simulated DT measurements, which were compared to the ground truth. Results Across all models, fractional anisotropy provided greater contrast between injured and control models than diffusivity measurements. Compared to control models, in atrophic injury models, the greatest difference in the DT was found between 90 ms and 250 ms. In models with acute edema, the contrast between injured and control muscle increased with increasing diffusion time, although these models had smaller mean fiber areas. RPBM systematically underestimated fiber size but accurately estimated surface area-to-volume ratio of simulated models. Conclusion These findings may better inform pulse sequence parameter selection when performing DTI experiments in vivo. If only a single diffusion experiment can be performed, the selected Δ should be ~170 ms to maximize the ability to discriminate between different injury models. Ideally several diffusion times between 90 ms and 500 ms should be sampled in order to maximize diffusion contrast, particularly when the disease process is unknown.
Acute Sialadenitis After Skull Base Surgery: Systematic Review and Summative Practice Recommendations.

Background Sialadenitis is a rare complication of skull base neurosurgery, in which the submandibular gland undergoes acute inflammation with edema after surgery. Although attributable to transient obstruction or manual compression, presentation may be rapidly life-threatening as a result of airway obstruction. Understanding risk factors is limited at present, and no practical management guidelines have been reported. Our objective was to survey the literature and to characterize the associated risk factors, treatment considerations, and overall trends in outcomes for patients experiencing post skull base neurosurgery sialadenitis. Methods A search of the Ovid EMBASE, SCOPUS, and PubMed databases from inception through August 2020 was performed via Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results Systematic review identified 13 publications describing 18 cases of acute sialadenitis after skull base surgery. We describe the 19th reported case. Commonalities include the need for aggressive respiratory support as intubation or emergent tracheostomy is almost universally required. Risk factors are poorly understood but may include extreme flexion and/or rotation of the head and neck. Outcomes are favorable overall, although secondary complications have been described. Conclusions Sialadenitis is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of skull base neurosurgery, owing to acute loss of airway and the potential for a diverse array of secondary complications.
Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Ectopic Pregnancy Outcomes

Study Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the ectopic pregnancy surgical volume, both ruptured and stable cases, at a New York City high-volume, tertiary-care center. Design A retrospective chart review of 2 years of ectopic pregnancy surgical case volume. The time period evaluated included March 2019-February 2020 prior to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City followed by March 2020-February 2021 when hospital services shifted to care of such patients. Setting N/A. Patients or Participants All patients who underwent emergent gynecological surgery for ectopic pregnancies were reviewed by weekly and monthly volume over a 2-year period. Further review of ruptured as compared to unruptured cases was performed, with particular interest regarding hemoperitoneum at time of abdominal entry. Interventions N/A. Measurements and Main Results There was no significant difference (t(21) = 0.52, p = 0.612) between the pre-pandemic year March 2019 – February 2020 with a total of 33 ectopic cases (mean monthly volume 2.75, SD = 1.42) as compared to March 2020 – February 2021 total of 37 ectopic cases (mean monthly volume 3.08, SD = 1.73). There was no significant difference (t(22) = 0.56, p = 0.583) regarding ruptured ectopic case volume between 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 (total of 23 and 27, mean monthly volume 1.92 and 2.25 respectively). Finally, for ruptured ectopic cases, the mean estimated hemoperitoneum encountered upon entry into the abdomen (excluding subsequent operative blood loss) was 184.29 cc pre-pandemic and 244.8 cc during the pandemic with no significant difference between the years (t (44) = 1.18, p = 0.244). Conclusion There were no significant differences in ectopic case volume prior and after the COVID-19 pandemic and no significant differences in hemoperitoneum upon abdominal entry, suggesting that the fear of the pandemic was not a deterrent to care for patients needing emergent ectopic surgery.