cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Nutritional Determinants of Chronic Diseases

We owe the present average Ufe span of approximately 72 years to medical and pubhc health advances which have decreased infant and childhood morbidity and mortahty. However, longevity has not actually increased in the last century since chronic diseases continue to doggedly plague technologically advanced societies. These diseases include coronary and hypertensive cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity and cancer.
Neutrophile alkaline phosphatase changes in tularemia, sandfly fever, Q fever and noninfectious fevers.

Responses of neutrophile AP were studied in volunteers during induced tularemia, Q fever, sandfly fever, and during artificial hyperthermia and endotoxin fever. Symptoms of typical early tularemia were accompanied by a slight increase in the neutrophile count and AP index. The latter continued to rise slowly and eventually became maximal 5 days after the height of clinical illness, long after fever and leukocytosis had disappeared. Similar but less obvious changes occurred after mild tularemia and after typical early Q fever. A transient rise of neutrophile AP occurred only at the onset of fever and neutropenia in sandfly fever. An early fall in neutrophile AP after endotoxin administration was confirmed; this was followed in turn by a prolonged rise not described heretofore. Despite the stress and leukocytosis of environmentally induced artificial hyperthermia, leukocyte AP did not increase. Based upon these observations it seemed evident that increased leukocyte AP activity could not be correlated in all circumstances with fever per se, the appearance of band cells, or the magnitude or timing of "stress" as inferred from increased plasma and urinary steroids. Increased neutrophile AP activity in these infections did not seem to be related directly to glucocorticoid excess. Possible factors involved in the induction of neutrophile AP may include the genetic potential of various cell types, coenzyme requirements, hormonal responses, as well as other yet unknown factors associated with acute infection.
Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation: Surgical Technique and Results

Hyaline articular cartilage is an avascular and insensate tissue with a distinct structural organization, which provides a low-friction and wear-resistant interface for weight-bearing surface articulation in diarthrodial joints. Ideally, articular cartilage is maintained in homeostasis over the lifetime of an individual, with its biomechanical properties inherently suited to transmit a wide variety of physiologic loads through a functional range of motion. Although its viscoelastic characteristics make it ideally suited to transmit a wide variety of physiologic loads through a functional range of motion while maintaining homeostasis, it also displays an intrinsic inability to heal when injured in the skeletally mature individual. Thus, articular cartilage lesions commonly lead to significant disability, joint dysfunction and ultimately osteoarthritis. Current treatment options are limited and often ineffective at restoring healthy articular cartilage, especially in complex cartilage defects involving large areas of damage and associated subchondral bone loss. While several options for repair of articular cartilage defects do exist, fresh osteochondralallografting currently remains the only technique that restores anatomically appropriate, mature hyaline cartilage in large articular defects. Osteochondralallografting is a valuable and uniquely versatile cartilage restoration technique that can address even complex or multiple lesions in topographically challenging environments by restoring the anatomy of the native joint both macroscopically and microscopically with a solid orthotopic replacement. As a result, osteochondralallografts have emerged to play an increasingly vital role in the clinical algorithm of cartilage restoration.
The Fine Structural Study of Brain Response to Intracerebral Infusion of Serum in the Cat

The mechanism of vasogenic edema resolution is unclear and is a subject of investigation at various laboratories, including our own. Our previous studies using the infusion model of brain edema indicated distinct differences between resolution after infusion of mock CSF and of serum, as evaluated by gravimetric assessment of the water content of the brain [6]. Rapid absorption of water to the normal level was achieved by 72 h in animals that received mock CSF, while those that received serum required 8 days for tissue water to return to normal levels. We now report on the morphological correlates to these studies.
Hungry for the queen: Honeybee nutritional environment affects worker pheromone response in a life stage‐dependent manner

Animal nutritional state can profoundly affect behaviour, including an individual's tendency to cooperate with others. We investigated how nutritional restriction at different life stages affects cooperative behaviour in a highly social species, Apis mellifera honeybees. We found that nutritional restriction affects a worker's queen pheromone response, a behavioural indicator of investment in group vs. individual reproduction. Nutritional restriction at the larval stage led to reduced ovary size and increased queen pheromone response, whereas nutritional restriction at the adult stage led to reduced lipid stores and reduced queen pheromone response. We argue that these differences depend upon the extent of reproductive plasticity at these life stages and that individual worker honeybees may adjust their behavioural and physiological traits in response to nutritional stress to invest nutritional resources in either their own or their colony's reproduction. These results support the role of nutritional stress in the maintenance of cooperative behaviour, and we suggest that historical nutritional scarcity may be an important contributor to the evolution of extreme forms of cooperation. A plain language summary is available for this article.
QBO influence on MJO amplitude over the Maritime Continent: Physical mechanisms and seasonality

AbstractThe quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is stratified by stratospheric zonal wind direction and height into four phase pairs [easterly midstratospheric winds (QBOEM), easterly lower-stratosphe...
Upregulated SK2 Expression and Impaired CaMKII Phosphorylation Are Shared Synaptic Defects Between 16p11.2del and 129S:Δdisc1 Mutant Mice.

Ion channel gating and kinase regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 activity are fundamental mechanisms that govern synaptic plasticity. In this study, we showed that two mutant models (16p...
Influence of Langmuir circulations on turbulence in the bottom boundary layer of shallow water

Langmuir circulations (LCs) generated by the interaction between wind-driven currents and surface waves can engulf the whole water column in neutrally stratified shallow water and interact with the turbulence in the bottom boundary layer. In this study, we perform a mechanistic study using wall-resolved large-eddy simulations (LES) based on the Craik–Leibovich equations to investigate the effects of LCs on turbulence statistics in the bottom half of shallow water. The highest Reynolds number considered in this paper, , is larger than the values considered in wall-resolved LES studies of shallow-water Langmuir turbulence reported in literature. The logarithmic layer is diagnosed based on a plateau region in the profile of a diagnostic function. It is found that the logarithmic layer disrupted at reappears at , but the von Karman constant is slightly different from the traditional value . To study the effects of LCs on turbulence statistics, LCs are extracted using streamwise averaging. The velocity fluctuations are decomposed into a LC-coherent part and a residual turbulence part . It is found that the profiles of LC-coherent Reynolds shear stress obtained at various Reynolds numbers are close to each other in the water-column coordinate , with being the half-water depth. As the Reynolds number (or, by definition, the ratio between the outer and inner length scales) increases, the influence of LCs on the near-bottom momentum transfer is reduced, which is responsible for the reappearance of the logarithmic layer. At all of the Reynolds numbers under investigation, the peaks of are collocated in the water-column coordinate , while those of are collocated in the inner-scale coordinate . Due to the increase in the distance between the peaks of and with the Reynolds number, the profile of forms a bimodal shape at and .
Mountains and Molehills When Using Social Media as a Research Support Tool

In general, we ethicists are good at identifying potential ethical concerns nearly everywhere we look and recommending added protections in response. When you have a hammer, everything looks like a...
Frequency Spectrum for New Aviation Data Links: Initial Study Results

We describe results from an initial study to assess the suitability of various spectral bands for supporting the deployment of new aviation data links (ADL). The study focused on systems and spectral bands that can deliver VHF data link (VDL)-or-higher data rates in a two-way communication setting, including air-ground, ground-air, and air-air modes of operation. In the first part of our paper, we briefly discuss the current situation regarding communications, navigation, and surveillance (CNS) links and existing spectrum, and the well-known need for new aviation data links. We next provide an overview of related systems, and discuss key factors involved in the use of spectrum in various bands for any future integrated CNS data link, addressing primarily the lower few layers of the communications protocol stack. Desired attributes of a new ADL system are discussed, and the beneficial aspects of a particular transmission technique spread spectrum are summarized. We also provide a short list of several example potential spectral regions, and note that while none of the existing systems will likely meet the full range of desired features of a new ADL, several systems and spectral regions offer promise in terms of one or more characteristics. A detailed discussion and evaluation of these spectral regions is proposed as future work. We include a few brief examples to illustrate initial technical results regarding spread spectrum overlay, also a subject for future work.
Political Futuristics: Toward the Study of Alternative Political Futures

In this brief paper, I wish to indicate what I mean by “political futuristics” and to show how it fits into the scientific study of politics and relates to the investigation of utopia from modern viewpoints.
EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL E INCLUSÃO: MEIOS DE ACESSO À CIDADANIA

A educacao possui muitos aspectos peculiares que despertam estudos nas mais diversas areas, assim a presente pesquisa objetiva apresentar algumas referencias relativas a Educacao Especial na perspectiva da Educacao Inclusiva. Estudos realizados demonstram uma diversidade de fatores envolvidos na questao da inclusao, considerando a diversidade de realidades trazidas para o ambiente escolar. Precisamos vislumbrar uma serie de aspectos que podem determinar o sucesso das metodologias empregadas e assim buscar agregar a teoria a pratica e contar com o apoio dos entes publicos no sentido de proporcionar a todos o acesso a cidadania.
Applied arguments in Spanish inchoative middle constructions

Despite displaying identical exponents (a reflexive clitic, imperfective tenses and agreement between the verb and the preverbal definite DP theme), change-of-state predicates in generic/middle contexts (inchoative middles, henceforth), can in fact have two different underlying representations: (i) a generic inchoative and (ii) a generic se-passive, this being the only one projecting a Voice head passivized by the reflexive clitic, which denotes an implicit generic external argument. Spanish allows the insertion of an affected applicative head in inchoative configurations (Cuervo 2003), which introduces an unselected dative argument interpreted either as an unintentional causer of the event if merged above the verbalizing head, or as affectee if merged below it. Crucially, this paper shows that the generic passive configuration disallows the applicative’s unintentional causer interpretation, since the position above vP is already filled by Voice; therefore, the only available merging position for the applicative is below vP. However, the unintentional causer interpretation is possible in generic inchoative constructions, which lack a VoiceP. The data and analysis presented here support Wood and Marantz’s (2017) proposal of a single argument-introducing head whose category and interpretation vary in terms of the syntactic context it is merged in. Finally, this study stresses the need to establish a more detailed classification of Spanish se-constructions as a whole and middles in particular with respect to their interaction with applied arguments.
After the Fire Sale: Valuation of Bad Paper, the Knowledge Problem, and Recurrence of Financial Crisis

Financial crises often result in government intervention to reallocate “bad paper” to new owners (purchasers), introducing valuation challenges for accountants, auditors, and those relying on their judgments. This paper argues that financial reporting of this reallocation and its subsequent collections is an example of the knowledge problem since the accounting mechanism may distort the purchaser’s relative profitability due to a mismatch of accounting for this “bad paper” for the whole society versus the purchaser. Consequently, market participants who focus on the reported returns of the purchaser will shift their investments into the seemingly (but not actually) more profitable area. The central implication is that limitations in financial accounting foster conditions that are likely to yield a succeeding financial crisis.
CPD article: Radiographic interpretation of the navicular bone: a review

Navicular syndrome (navicular disease) plays a major role in the equine industry as a chronic, degenerative, and often career-limiting disease process, affecting a variety of breeds of horses. In a...
From Obligation to Action: Advancing Victim Assistance and Environmental Remediation at the First Meeting of States Parties to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons

As entry into force approaches, the time has come to start planning for the First Meeting of States Parties (1MSP) to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW). Guided by the treaty’s...
Nanotexture Shape and Surface Energy Impact on Electroadhesive Human–Machine Interface Performance

With the ubiquity of touch screens and the commercialization of electroadhesion-based surface haptic devices, modeling tools that capture the multiphysical phenomena within the finger-device interface and their interaction are critical to design devices that achieve higher performance and reliability at lower cost. While electroadhesion has successfully demonstrated the capability to change tactile perception through friction modulation, the mechanism of electroadhesion in the finger-device interface is still unclear, partly due to the complex interfacial physics including contact deformation, capillary formation, electric field, and their complicated coupling effects that have not been addressed comprehensively. A multiphysics model is presented here to predict the friction force for finger-surface tactile interactions at the nanoscale. The nanoscopic multiphysical phenomena are coupled to study the impacts of nanotexture and surface energy in the touch interface. With macroscopic friction force measurements as verification, the model is further used to propose textures that have maximum electroadhesion effect and minimum sensitivity to relative humidity and user perspiration rate. This model can guide the performance improvement of future electroadhesion-based surface haptic devices and other touch-based human-machine interfaces.
High-speed interferometry for James Webb Space Telescope testing

High speed interferometry (HSI) is one of the enabling technologies to the successful development and testing of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) optical system that consists of a 6.5 meter diameter, segmented, lightweight primary mirror and lightweight carbon fiber composite structure. This paper reviews the interferometry that was used first to demonstrate that the mirror and lightweight composite structure technologies were ready for JWST and to verify performance of the fully assembled primary mirror and the telescope at cryogenic temperature. The tools and techniques developed for JWST are being advanced to benefit future missions that require stable mirrors, precision metering structures, active controls and diagnostic metrology.
Caring as curing: Grandparenting and depressive symptoms in China.

Abstract Research on grandparenting (i.e., caring for grandchildren) and mental health in Asian contexts has been limited, despite the rapid growth of older adults who take care of grandchildren. This study aims to investigate how grandparenting influences depressive symptoms in China. Using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011–2015, N = 4354), we conducted fixed effects regression models to examine the association between various types of grandparenting and depressive symptoms among older adults between the ages of 45 and 80. The results show that for grandparents, providing care to their grandchildren in skipped-generation households (i.e., grandparent-grandchildren families without adult children) is associated with a lower level of depressive symptoms compared to providing no care, after controlling for socioeconomic status, health behaviors, social support, and basic demographic characteristics. Other types of care (i.e., multigenerational household grandparenting, and part-time and full-time noncoresident grandparenting) are not significantly linked to caregiving grandparents’ depressive symptoms. Overall, our findings suggest that sociocultural contexts need to be considered in explaining the different mental health implications of grandparenting.
Organizational Frictions and Increasing Returns to Automation: Lessons from AT&T in the Twentieth Century

AT&T was the largest U.S. firm for most of the 20th century. Telephone operators once comprised over 50% of its workforce, but in the late 1910s it initiated a decades-long process of automating telephone operation with mechanical call switching---a technology first invented in the 1880s. We study what drove AT&T to do so, and why it took one firm nearly a century to automate this one basic function. Interdependencies between operators and nearly every other part of the business were obstacles: the manual switchboard was the fulcrum of a complex system which had developed around it, and automation only began after the firm and automatic technology were adapted to work together. Even then, automatic switching was only profitable for AT&T in larger markets---hence diffusion expanded as costs declined and service areas grew. We show that automation supported AT&T's continued growth, generating a positive feedback loop between scale and automation that reinforced AT&T's high market share in local markets.
The Qualities of State Activity

At this point, we turn our attention to an analysis of various determinants of the level of order and state activity in a given society. We proceed on the assumption that the size of states in both the population and territorial sense remains constant. While the theory we develop indicates how the forces with which economic theory usually concerns itself might affect the level of order and state activity, our main concern will be to understand the consequences of three exceptionally strong historical trends: increased population, the increase in the density or compactness of populations, and the decline in the metaphysical basis for order. Since the level of order in society is a public good, a comparative statics of public goods must be employed. We therefore begin with some clarification of our use of the concept “public good.”
3 – Preoperative Brain Mapping

This chapter focuses on the brain mapping evaluations. An important use of current brain mapping methods is the pre-surgical evaluation of patients in terms of both their structural and functional anatomy. The goal of such evaluations is to reduce the risk of injury to normal brain. There are three basic types of preoperative brain mapping evaluations. First, brain mapping methods can be used to characterize and localize lesions in the central nervous system. Almost every brain mapping technique can be used for the structural and functional characterization of lesions. A single brain mapping method, typically a structural imaging technique, often provides the first confirmatory evidence that such a lesion exists. The second approach to the use of brain mapping methods in the preoperative evaluation of patients with cerebral lesions lies in lesion targeting. An ever-increasing number of disorders of the brain are being treated with stereotactic strategies that target selective brain lesions or normal brain centers for ablation or stimulation. The final strategy for using preoperative brain mapping is in the evaluation of the normal brain, either adjacent to or remote from the lesion in question. The goal is to preserve normal tissue while, at the same time, removing the pathologic lesion in its entirety.
Malignant mesonephroma of the ovary

Argyria of the uterus and tube is of relatively little clinical importance in itself. However, in the connective tissue of the cutis only a definite amount of silver can be stored, otherwise general argyria may a.ppear. By any former application of silver the deposits mav be close to this threshhold. Then the additional absorption of a relat&ly small amount of silver may lead to discoloration of the skin. In cases of otherwise unaccountable argyria in women, t,he possibility of absorption from a silver pessary should be kept, in mind.
Parallel Tree Projection Algorithm for Sequence Mining

Discovery of sequential patterns is becoming increasingly useful and essential in many scientific and commercial domains. Enormous sizes of available datasets and possibly large number of mined patterns demand efficient and scalable algorithms. In this paper we present two parallel formulations of a serial sequential pattern discovery algorithm based on tree projection that are well suited for distributed memory parallel computers. Our experimental evaluation on a 32 processor IBM SP show that these algorithms are capable of achieving good speedups, substantially reducing the amount of the required work to find sequential patterns in large databases.
Transition metal heterocyclic chemistry: IX. An α-selenoketoketene. Trapping subsequent to oxidative release from tricarbonyliron complexes to form vinyl selenides

Abstract Treatment of α-selenoketocyclohexylene-Fe2(CO)6 (6) and the related α-selenoketoketene complex (2) with trimethylamine oxide leads to the formation of a transient α-selenoketoketene, a previously unknown species. The transient species may be trapped by alcohols to produce esters of bis(2-carboxy-1-cyclohexenyl)diselenide, examples of vinylselenides. Reductive elimination of selenium from these esters using Raney Nickel leads to the formation of the cyclohexane carboxylate esters.
Design of threshold logic gates using emerging devices

This article explores the use of threshold logic for reducing the power, delay, and/or area of digital logic circuits. We first describe the architecture of a differential threshold logic gate (TLG) using conventional MOSFETs. A TLG of a given number of inputs can be configured to realize a set of threshold functions by simply connecting the appropriate signals to its inputs. One characteristic of the proposed architecture for a TLG is the increased sensitivity to process variations (device mismatch) and noise. Problems due to device mismatch can be mitigated by proper cell design and optimization. The increased sensitivity to noise makes it difficult to scale the supply voltage of a TLG. We show a simple solution which involves integrating RRAMs within the TLG circuit, to achieve robust, low voltage and energy efficient operation. The third circuit implementation referred to as a spintronic threshold logic (STL) cell uses an STT-MTJ device as a intrinsic threshold logic gate. An STL cell is an very compact structure that can realize a large number of threshold functions, many of which would require a multilevel network of conventional CMOS logic gates.
Bargaining Over Divorce Settlements and Child Support

As a result of the increasing divorce rate over the past decades, there is an increased need for settlements to divide marital property, to determine child custody and visitation, and to calculate the level of child support payments to be made by the noncustodial parent. Given the growing burden on the U.S. court system, many states have stressed mediation as an alternative to a court settlement. What determines whether the bargaining parties reach a bilateral settlement or they resort to use of the courts? In this paper, the process of negotiation is represented as a bargaining model with asymmetric information on risk type. The model offers several predictions on the determinants of both the probability of settlement and the amount of the settlement: (1) court costs increase the probability of settlement, (2) the higher the income of the payer, the lower the probability of settlement, (3) risk averse payees settle early and, therefore, settle for less, and (4) the greater the power differential between the payer and the payee, the lower the settlement. The predictions of the model are empirically tested using the Stanford Child Custody Study. Estimation of the determinants of conflict indicate that the income of the payer increases the level of conflict in both the spousal support settlement and the child support settlement. In addition, the results provide support for the hypothesis that the costs of continuing the dispute have a negative effect on the level of conflict. Estimation of the determinants of the amount of the settlement support the hypothesis that the level of conflict has a positive impact on the amount of the award.
Specific strength and voluntary muscle activation in young and elderly women and men

The extents to which decreased muscle size or activation are responsible for the decrease in strength commonly observed with aging remain unclear. Our purpose was to compare muscle isometric strength [maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)], cross-sectional area (CSA), specific strength (MVC/CSA), and voluntary activation in the ankle dorsiflexor muscles of 24 young (32 ± 1 yr) and 24 elderly (72 ± 1 yr) healthy men and women of similar physical activity level. Three measures of voluntary muscle activation were used: the central activation ratio [MVC/(MVC + superimposed force)], the maximal rate of voluntary isometric force development, and foot tap speed. Men had higher MVC and CSA than did women. Young men had higher MVC compared with elderly men [262 ± 19 (SE) vs. 197 ± 22 N, respectively], whereas MVC was similar in young and elderly women (136 ± 15 vs. 149 ± 16 N, respectively). CSA was greater in young compared with elderly subjects. There was no age-related impairment of specific strength, central activation ratio, or the rate of voluntary force development. Foot tap speed was reduced in elderly (34 ± 1 taps/10 s) compared with young subjects (47 ± 1 taps/10 s). These results suggest that isometric specific strength and the ability to fully and rapidly activate the dorsiflexor muscles during a single isometric contraction were unimpaired by aging. However, there was an age-related deficit in the ability to perform rapid repetitive dynamic contractions.
The Approximate Calculation of Invariant Measures of Diffusions Via finite Difference Approximations to Degenerate Elliptic Partial Differential Equations

Abstract If L is the (possibly degenerate) differential generator of a diffusion process whose measures converge to a unique invariant measure μ, then formally the value γ in F V(x)+k(x)−γ=0 is ∝ k(x) μ(dx). A finite difference approximation is used to solve the differential equation. The coefficients in the finite difference equation are one-step transition probabilities for some Markov chain whose (suitable) continuous time interpolations converge weakly to the diffusion. Under reasonable conditions, the invariant measure of the sequence of chains converges weakly to the weak sense density of μ. as the finite difference intervals go to zero. The approximating measure can be taken to be the invariant measure (or Cesaro sum of the n-step transition probabilities for the chain), of the chain, suitably weighted.
Sixth nerve palsy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A 45-year-old man ⇓ who had a 12 pack-year smoking history presented with a 7-month history of headaches and acute horizontal diplopia and dizziness. Examination revealed only a complete right abduction deficit. After undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed …
A convenient and general synthesis of 5-vinylhexofuranosides from 6-halo-6-deoxypyranosides

Abstract The synthesis of five different 5,6-dideoxyhex-5-enofuranosides (5, 7, 9 and 11) proceeds in 30–60% overall yield in two steps from commercially available 1-0-methyl pyranosides by reductive β-elimination of the intermediate 6-bromo-6-deoxypyranosides.
Developing menus to meet current dietary recommendations: Implications and applications

Abstract Seven menus that were consistent with the 1989 National Research Council's Recommended Dietary Allowances and the Diet and Health recommendations were developed and evaluated for women ages 25 to 50 years. The menus were compared with current consumption trends using the 1986 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFH-86). Compared with CSFII-86 intakes, the menus provided more food from every group except meats. Processed meats were eliminated, but intake of red meats, which provided essential minerals, was comparable to the CSFII data. It was difficult to meet the RDA for minerals that are provided largely from meat and dairy products without exceeding the Diet and Health recommended protein limit. Minerals were provided by increasing intake of grains and vegetables. Average servings in the menus provided 4 fruit; 4 vegetables, especially dark green; .75 legumes; 2.5 skim and lowfat dairy products; 8 grains, almost exclusively whole grains; 1.5 sweets, mainly sweet spreads; 3 fat, mostly reducedfat products; and 3.5 (ounces) meat.
Formation constants of Cd(II) complexes with dithizone and related compounds

The stability constants of cadmium complexes of compounds related to dithizone are reported. Substitution in the ortho position lowers the stability constant. It is probable that this is a consequence of deviation from coplanarity of the phenyl and chelate rings.
Cell prints on the surface of the slug of Dictyostelium discoideum: a Nessler-positive matrix substance.

A substance or mixture of substances that stains positively with Nessler's reagent is localized above the surface layer of cells of the migrating slug of Dictyostelium discoideum, possibly incorporated into the slime sheath and coating its surface as well. The substance is manifested as outlines (“cell prints”) conforming to the profiles of the surface cells and as small globules over the external face of these surface cells. The entire circumference of the slug is covered by the Nessler-positive cell print substance, which is present from the slug tip to the rear of the slug; presumably all cells at the surface of the slug produce the substance. Cell prints are also present on the surface of the cul minating slug as well as on the stalk sheath. No cell prints are seen on the slime sheath or in the slime trail, the collapsed sheath behind the slug. Either the Nessler-positive substance is not incorporated into the sheath or it is uniformly smeared into the sheath as the slug migrates through it. Analysis of size and orientation of cell prints reveals characteristic regional differences that correlate with the prestalk/prespore boundary but not with the location of “zones of adhesion.” These patterns of cell prints are compared with some current models of slug cell patterns and movements. Nessler's reagent, a sensitive detector of free ammonia, is shown to react with the amino acids asparagine and glutamine as well as with peptides containing these amino acids. Nessler's reactivity to N-acetylglucosamine suggests that polysaccharides containing this amino sugar also react with Nessler's reagent. Several matrix proteins and polysaccharides are enriched in asparagine, and sheath polysaccharides contain N-acetylglucosamine. It is likely that Nessler's reagent is reacting with such matrix proteins and polysaccharides when cell prints are visualized. The possibility is raised of an interaction between such molecules and the ammonia concentration and flux at the slug surface.
Enhanced ECG Signal-Averaging Techniques: New Applications and Improved Performance

Background: The signal-averaged ECG is a widely used and accepted technique for analysis of low-level cardiac signals. This article reviews a new and enhanced form of ECG signal averaging: the time-frequency plane Wiener (TFPW) filter. Methods: The TFPW filter accelerates the process of noise reduction. It facilitates use of signal averaging in settings previously unexplored with the technique, where a limited number of beats may be available. Conclusion: Example applications of the TFPW filter include improved analysis of ventricular late potentials and analysis of dynamic events, such as transient ischemia.
What Counts as Successful School Subject Literacy: Differing Views from Students, Teachers, and Parents.

Research into literacy and school subject performance focuses overwhelmingly on identifying and addressing risk factors associated with underachievement. Strenuous efforts are devoted to diagnosing the causes of literacy failure that are patterned by ethnicity, social class, and gender. This study explores the possibility that equal, or even greater insights, may be achieved by investigating instances of successful school literacy practices. The purpose is to develop contextualized theories to explain the phenomena of success in children from working-class families to identify social and pedagogical factors associated with success. Six case studies of successful students in English, general science, physics, catering, mathematics, and economics are presented. Each case is composed of a triad including the student, teacher, and parent. Data includes interviews with all triad members, classroom observations, and student journals. This paper reports the findings of the present study and comments on how they ...
Purification of human galactokinase and evidence for its existence as a monomer form

Abstract A procedure for preparing a highly purified galactokinase (ATP: d -galactose 1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.6) from human erythrocytes and placenta is described, involving DEAE-Sephacel, ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel-filtration and a subsequent chromatography step on Blue Sepharose CL-6B. The final chromatography step yields a homogeneous preparation of high specific activity. The subunit molecular weight was determined to be 38 000 for both placental and erythrocyte galactokinases. Both active preparations of the native enzyme eluted from a gel filtration column gave a molecular weight of 37 000–38 000, thus suggesting the enzyme to be present in monomeric form. The isoelectric points for both crude and their respective purified enzymes was determined to be at pH 5.7. This method for purifying human galactokinase from placenta and erythrocytes represents a significant improvement over that previously reported and contradicts past evidence for the enzyme existing as a dimer.
Critical Exploration in the Classroom

A colleague told me about a meeting at which she was present some years ago with Michael Huberman and some doctoral students. She never forgot it, she said. I was interested because I was about to ...
Hepatic arterial infusion of verapamil and doxorubicin with complete hepatic venous isolation and extracorporeal chemofiltration: pharmacological evaluation of reduction in systemic drug exposure and assessment of hepatic toxicity

Abstract Tumour resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs through expression of the multidrug resistance phenotype is a major impediment in the treatment of hepatic malignancies. We performed hepatic arterial infusion of verapamil (at a dose known to block P-glycoprotein activity) and doxorubicin combined with complete hepatic venous isolation and extracorporeal chemofiltration in non-tumour-bearing pigs with normal livers to evaluate the pharmacology and toxicology of this drug combination. The complete hepatic venous isolation-chemofiltration system significantly reduced system exposure to both verapamil and doxorubicin ( P P
The effects of acupuncture, electroneedling and transcutaneous electrical stimulation therapies on peripheral haemodynamic functioning

For decades, acupuncture and electroneedling treatments have been used, predominately in the Eastern countries, in the management of patients with compromised cardiovascular and digestive functions...
An Investigation of the Take-Off Behavior of Proximity Recording Sliders Using Acoustic Emission and Phase Demodulated Interferometry

The take-off behavior of proximity recording sliders is investigated using acoustic emission and phase demodulated laser interferometry. A biquadratic surface fit of the air bearing surface is used to determine the position of the slider with respect to the disk. Acoustic emission data is examined in both the time and frequency domain to analyze the location of slider/disk contacts. Two distinct frequencies are observed in the frequency spectrum of the acoustic emission signal, corresponding to torsional mode and bending mode vibrations of the rigid slider. As the velocity increases, the magnitude of the torsional mode decreases relative to that of the bending mode, indicating that slider/disk contacts change from side rails contacts to trailing edge contacts.
Growth of transcendental entire functions on algebraic varieties

LetX be a complete intersection algebraic variety of codimensionm>1 in ℂm+n. We define the notion of (p,q)-order and (p,q)-K-type for transcendental entire functionsfeO(ℂm+n) whereK is a non-pluripolar compact subset of ℂm+n. Further, we consider the analogues of (p,q)-order and (p,q)-K-type inO(X). We discuss the series expansions of the functions inO(X) in terms of an orthogonal basis in a Hilbert spaceL2(X, μ), where μ is a capacitary extremal measure onK.
Wide-bandwidth time decay signatures from UXO targets

This paper presents wide bandwidth, time decay signatures from recent unexploded ordnance (UXO) field experiment at a US Government UXO test site. While current technologies have shown the ability to detect buried metal objects, they tend to fail in discriminating the UXOs from metal objects that pose no risk. Metal target time decay measurements have been shown to be an excellent method for target classification and identification. The present paper addresses the research community's need for accurate, wide-bandwidth UXO target signatures. Metal target signatures for a number of important UXO targets are presented in the paper for both vertical and horizontal magnetic field excitation. Target time decay signatures from about 30 microseconds to 8 milliseconds are presented. Target signatures are also characterized using a non-linear parameterization scheme in an effort to develop a compact target signature library.
Basilic vein transposition: an underused autologous alternative to prosthetic dialysis angioaccess

Abstract Purpose: Provision of lifelong angioaccess for hemodialysis generally requires multiple procedures. To extend the availability of each extremity as an access site, we have used the transposed basilic vein for fistula construction since 1988. Our purpose is to present our initial experience, with follow-up of 30 months. Methods: We have used the transposed proximal basilic vein in 65 procedures to construct an autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) to the brachial artery in 58 patients without suitable superficial venous anatomy. There were 25 males and 33 females, with a mean age of 47 years (range 10 to 77). The basilic vein transposition was the initial angioaccess procedure in only 25% of cases and secondary in 75%. Three additional patients underwent exploration of an inadequate basilic vein with subsequent prosthetic grafting. Results: There were no operative deaths. Two postoperative complications included a wound infection and a transient steal syndrome. The actuarial life-table patency rate for all successfully completed AVFs was 49% at 30 months. Late revisions with continued patency were required in 11 cases, including repair of a focal stenosis in six, pseudoaneurysm resection in two, and thrombectomy in one. Sixty-seven percent of patients who required subsequent prosthetic grafting for a failed basilic vein AVF had an ipsilateral procedure. Patient preference for the opposite arm was the usual indication for contralateral grafting in the remainder. Conclusion: The transposed basilic vein AVF was technically feasible in 95% of cases, can frequently be performed in patients with multiple previous access procedures, does not compromise the arm for future prosthetic grafting, and has a long-term patency rate that is comparable to more traditional autologous AVFs. This underused procedure should be considered before placement of polytetrafluoroethylene graft for long-term angioaccess. (J VASC SURG 1993;18:391-7.)
Law Enforcement Perceptions and Changes in the United States Park Service: Urban proximity and level of enforcement practices

Abstract Crime and urban encroachment to United States National Parks and other natural resource areas has been a growing problem for land managers. This study examined how the perceptions of law enforcement rangers have developed in respect to the level of enforcement toward law‐breaking visitors over a 25‐year period, and it identified the role of a park unit's proximity to an urban area on this relationship. An Internet survey of US National Park superintendents and rangers (n=527) was conducted in 2005. Data indicated that the severity of the techniques used by law enforcement in the National Park Service has not changed in recent times; however, when parks are closer to urban areas, law enforcement rangers use more intense (e.g., arrest versus prevention) enforcement techniques. The results of this study indicated a need for research concerning how level of enforcement affects the experiences of both law‐breaking and law‐abiding visitors.
Sudden, unexpected death in epilepsy in children

Sudden, unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) remains a controversial and enigmatic syndrome, particularly in children where the incidence, prevalence and risk factors may, and probably do, differ from adults. This study demonstrates (and further reinforces) the difficulties and inability of retrospective and coroner/death certificate-derived data in identifying the frequency of SUDEP in children.
Supreme Court ruling is good, bad and ugly

Monday's key US legal decision on emissions regulation was influenced by the unjustified attacks on climate science, says Douglas Kysar.
Novel detection of the C2v isomer of carbon tetraoxide (CO4)

Abstract Carbon oxides such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and carbon trioxide (CO 3 ) have long been known as important molecules in atmospheric and solid state chemical reactions. Although higher order carbon oxides have been theoretically predicted to be stable and also important, their detection has been difficult. Here, we report on the first spectroscopic detection of the cyclic (C 2v ) isomer of carbon tetraoxide ( 12 C 16 O 4 ) via its ν 1 vibrational mode centered around 1941 cm −1 via low temperature infrared spectroscopy; the identification of the 12 C 18 O 4 , 13 C 16 O 4 , and 13 C 18 O 4 , isotopologues supported by ab initio calculations confirms the assignments.
cDNA cloning, expression, and functional characterization of a zebrafish SULT1 cytosolic sulfotransferase ☆

Using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique, a full-length cDNA encoding a novel zebrafish sulfotransferase was cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis indicated that this zebrafish sulfotransferase belongs to the SULT1 cytosolic sulfotransferase gene family. The recombinant form of the zebrafish sulfotransferase, purified from Escherichia coli cells, displayed sulfating activities toward a number of endogenous compounds, in particular dopamine and thyroid hormones, in addition to xenobiotics including some flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and other phenolic compounds. The zebrafish sulfotransferase exhibited substrate dependence in pH optimum. In comparison with those determined with dopamine as substrate, the zebrafish sulfotransferase displayed much lower K(m) and higher V(max) with n-propyl gallate as substrate. A thermostability experiment revealed the enzyme to be relatively stable over a temperature range between 20 and 43 degrees C. Among 10 divalent metal cations tested, Hg(2+), Co(2+), Zn(2+), Cd(2+), Cu(2+), and Pb(2+) exhibited dramatic inhibitory effects on the activity of the zebrafish sulfotransferase.
R-Ras and Rac GTPase Cross-talk Regulates Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Migration, Homing, and Mobilization

Adult hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) are maintained by highly coordinated signals in the bone marrow. The molecular mechanisms linking intracellular signaling network of HPCs with their microenvironment remain poorly defined. The Rho family GTPase Rac1/Rac2 has previously been implicated in cell functions involved in HPC maintenance, including adhesion, migration, homing, and mobilization. In the present studies we have identified R-Ras, a member of the Ras family, as a key signal mediator required for Rac1/Rac2 activation. We found that whereas Rac1 activity is up-regulated upon stem cell factor, integrin, or CXCL12 stimulation, R-Ras activity is inversely up-regulated. Expression of a constitutively active R-Ras mutant resulted in down-regulation of Rac1-activity whereas deletion of R-Ras led to an increase in Rac1/Rac2 activity and signaling. R-Ras(-/-) HPCs displayed a constitutively assembled cortical actin structure and showed increased directional migration. Rac1/Rac2 inhibition reversed the migration phenotype of R-Ras(-/-) HPCs, similar to that by expressing an R-Ras active mutant. Furthermore, R-Ras(-/-) mice showed enhanced responsiveness to G-CSF for HPC mobilization and exhibited decreased bone marrow homing. Transplantation experiments indicate that the R-Ras deficiency-induced HPC mobilization is a HPC intrinsic property. These results indicate that R-Ras is a critical regulator of Rac signaling required for HPC migration, homing, and mobilization.