cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social determinants of HPV vaccination delay rationales: Evidence from the 2011 National Immunization Survey-Teen.

Abstract Objective To examine social variations in parental rationales for delaying or forgoing human papillomavirus vaccination in their U.S. adolescent children. Methods Using data from the 2011 National Immunization Survey–Teen, we estimated a series of binary logistic regression models to predict the odds of reporting (1) any vaccine delay (n = 25,229) and (2) specific rationales among parents who reported that they were “not likely at all” to vaccinate their teen (n = 9,964). Results The odds of not receiving a recommendation to vaccinate were higher in parents of boys (OR = 2.57; CI = 2.20–3.01). The odds of reporting a lack of knowledge were higher in parents who identified as Hispanic (OR = 1.39; CI = 1.11–1.72), Black (OR = 1.49; CI = 1.19–1.85), and other races (OR = 1.43; CI = 1.13–1.80) than parents who identified as non-Hispanic White. Socioeconomic disparities in parental rationales for delaying human papillomavirus vaccination in their teen children were sporadic and inconsistent. Conclusion Our results suggest that interventions should focus on increasing information about the benefits of the human papillomavirus vaccine among parents of minority youth. Our findings also suggest that interventions targeting health care providers may be a useful strategy for improving vaccine uptake among adolescent males.
An ABC stacking supramolecular discotic columnar structure constructed via hydrogen-bonded hexamers

An ABC intracolumn stacking scheme was discovered in a discotic columnar liquid-crystalline phase, which formed by self-assembly of hexameric supramolecular disks. Strong DDA-AAD hydrogen bonding dictated the formation of hexameric disks. Molecular structural simulation suggested that interplay among secondary interactions (π−π, electrostatic, and steric) between the hexameric disks determined the formation of this columnar phase.
Endoscopy of ureterointestinal conduits and retrograde pyelography.

The ureterointestinal conduits of 15 patients were examined using gastrointestinal fiberoptic instruments and techniques. Retrograde pyelography by direct cannulation of ureterointestinal anastomoses was successful in 5 of 7 attempts. Endoscopic instrumentation of upper urinary passages may ultimately be useful in managing postoperative complications in patients with urinary diversion into intestinal loops.
AHR2 mediates cardiac teratogenesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and PCB-126 in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus).

Exposure of developing fish to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs) results in a suite of defects including cardiac malformation, pericardial and yolk sac edema, craniofacial defects, and hemorrhaging. Several populations of Atlantic killifish or mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) on the Atlantic coast of the United States are resistant to the developmental and acute toxicity caused by PAHs and HAHs; this has made Fundulus a valuable model for studying aryl hydrocarbon sensitivity and adaptation. In order to further increase the utility of Fundulus, better understanding of the components of the molecular pathways governing aryl hydrocarbon response in Fundulus is required. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is known to mediate many of the toxic responses to PAHs and HAHs. A single AHR has been identified in mammals, but Fundulus has two AHRs and their relative roles are not clear. In the current study, translation-blocking and splice-junction morpholino gene knockdown was used to determine the roles of AHR1 and AHR2 in mediating cardiac teratogenesis induced by β-naphthoflavone (BNF), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), and 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126). Here we report that AHR2 and not AHR1 knockdown resulted in rescue of teratogenicity induced by BNF, BkF, and PCB-126. These data demonstrate that AHR2 is the primary mediator of cardiac teratogenesis caused by multiple aryl hydrocarbons in Fundulus and suggest that suppression of the AHR pathway through modulation of AHR2 is a plausible mechanism for PAH resistance in adapted fish. Additionally, this is the first reported use of splice-junction morpholinos in Fundulus.
The behavioral test-bed: Obtaining complex behavior from simple rules

Behavioral simulation is presented as a means to obtain complex global motion by simulating simple rules of behavior between locally related actors. A test-bed which has been developed to support experimentation with behavioral simulation is described. This test-bed has been used to create a library of physically behaving actors which can realistically reproduce the motion of flexible objects. The application of behavioral simulation to problems of motion specification in animation are described. The extension of this technique to simulate social behaviors is discussed.
Mild Transient Hypercapnia as a Novel Fear Conditioning Stimulus Allowing Re-Exposure during Sleep.

Introduction:Studies suggest that sleep plays a role in traumatic memories and that treatment of sleep disorders may help alleviate symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Fear-conditioning paradigms in rodents are used to investigate causal mechanisms of fear acquisition and the relationship between sleep and posttraumatic behaviors. We developed a novel conditioning stimulus (CS) that evoked fear and was subsequently used to study re-exposure to the CS during sleep.Methods:Experiment 1 assessed physiological responses to a conditioned stimulus (mild transient hypercapnia, mtHC; 3.0% CO2; n = 17)+footshock for the purpose of establishing a novel CS in male FVB/J mice. Responses to the novel CS were compared to tone+footshock (n = 18) and control groups of tone alone (n = 17) and mild transient hypercapnia alone (n = 10). A second proof of principle experiment re-exposed animals during sleep to mild transient hypercapnia or air (control) to study sleep processes related to the CS.Results:Footshock elicited a response of acute tachycardia (30-40 bpm) and increased plasma epinephrine. When tone predicted footshock it elicited mild hypertension (1-2 mmHg) and a three-fold increase in plasma epinephrine. When mtHC predicted footshock it also induced mild hypertension, but additionally elicited a conditioned bradycardia and a smaller increase in plasma epinephrine. The overall mean 24 hour sleep-wake profile was unaffected immediately after fear conditioning.Discussion:Our study demonstrates the efficacy of mtHC as a conditioning stimulus that is perceptible but innocuous (relative to tone) and applicable during sleep. This novel model will allow future studies to explore sleep-dependent mechanisms underlying maladaptive fear responses, as well as elucidate the moderators of the relationship between fear responses and sleep. © 2013 McDowell et al.
Flow in an open tank with a free surface driven by the spinning bottom

Etude numerique des ecoulements de fluides visqueux incompressibles dans un reservoir cylindrique
AT1-receptor blockade in the hypothalamic PVN reduces central hyperosmolality-induced renal sympathoexcitation

Autonomic neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) are innervated by osmotic-sensitive regions of the lamina terminalis, receive input from ANG II-containing cells, and express AT1 ANG II receptors. Therefore, we hypothesized that ANG II actions within the PVN could underlie hyperosmolality-induced increases in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). In anesthetized baroreceptor-denervated rats, graded concentrations of NaCl (0.30, 0.9, 1.5, and 2.1 osmol/l) were injected (300 μl) centrally via the internal carotid artery (ICA) and produced corresponding increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and RSNA. In addition, equivalent hyperosmotic loads (1.5 osmol/l) of NaCl, glucose, and mannitol each significantly ( P < 0.05) increased MAP and RSNA. The same stimuli had no effect when administered intravenously. Bilateral PVN microinjections (100 nl) of the AT1-receptor antagonist losartan (80 nmol) before osmotic challenge had no effect on resting RSNA but significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced RSNA responses to hyperosmotic NaCl ( n = 7), glucose ( n = 6), and mannitol ( n = 6). Increases in RSNA evoked by hyperosmotic NaCl were significantly ( P < 0.05) attenuated ∼20 min after losartan injection and recovered within 60–120 min. In contrast, losartan outside the PVN as well as vehicle (saline) within the PVN failed to alter RSNA responses to ICA hyperosmotic NaCl. Results suggest that elevated RSNA after central sodium/osmotic activation is mediated, at least in part, by a synaptic mechanism involving AT1-receptor activation within the PVN.
DEVELOPING A NEW HEMOGLOBIN A1C BASED EQUATION TO ESTIMATE -BLOOD GLUCOSE IN MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS.

HbA1c has been widely used as a clinically important assessment tool for outcome analyses related to glycemic control. However, there is no HbA1c-blood glucose equation formula specific for hemodialysis (HD) patients. In this study, we sought to develop HbA1c-blool glucose equation models for dialysis patients. We examined associations between HbA1c levels and random serum glucose levels over time in a contemporary cohort of 18,361 diabetic maintenance HD patients treated in DaVita dialysis clinics from July 2001 through June 2006 with 276,277 paired measurements of HbA1c and glucose. Time-averaged HbA1c values and blood glucose (BG) values were compared using regression models with and without adjustment for hemoglobin, albumin, patients' age, gender, and/or race/ethnicity to determine a new equation model. The new models were compared to the previously reported equations (DCCT and ADAG). modal formula adjust R 2 Our modal BG=53.7+28.8 * HbA1c-18.2 * Alb 0.3243 DCCT BG=35.6 * HbA1c-77.3 0.3141 ADAG BG=28.7 * HbA1c-46.7 0.3141 In conclusion, the association between HbA1c and BG in HD patients is different from non-HD patient. Our proposed model results in better estimated BG level in HD patients compared to previously reported models.
Chronic effects of the Exxon valdez oil spill on blood and enzyme chemistry of river otters

River otters (Lutra canadensis) living in marine environments of Prince William Sound, Alaska, and exposed to crude oil from the Exxon Valdez spill in March 1989 showed elevated levels of blood haptoglobins, and interleukin-6 ir, as well as elevated activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and creatine kinase in summer 1991. Stepwise logistic regression, using a subset of these and other blood proteins and enzyme activities as potential independent variables, correctly classified 86.4% of 22 otters as inhabiting oiled or nonoiled areas. River otters abandoned latrine sites (an index to their abundance) over three times more often in oiled than in nonoiled areas, suggesting there may have been a delayed response in river otter populations to exposure to crude oil. This is the first clear model for the long-term effects of an oil spill on blood parameters of a free-ranging mammal using a nonlethal methodology. These effects occurred two years after the spill and following a major effort to clean oil from the shorelines of Prince William Sound.
Impact of Adulthood and Adolescent Rape Experiences on Subsequent Sexual Fantasies

This study represents the first investigation of adolescent and adulthood rape experiences on the sexual fantasies of female college student victims. Although students who reported being adulthood rape victims (N = 44; not victimized in childhood) reported being more depressed than nonvictims who had experienced intercourse (N = 83) and than nonvictims with no intercourse history (N = 40), victims' sexual fantasies were generally indistinguishable from nonvictims in terms of multiple indices of fantasy [1]. Even when data analyses were restricted to only those subjects who perceived themselves as victims, significant differences did not emerge, although a number of suggestive trends were discerned. Across all subjects, fantasies were more elaborate in response to the first of two reported fantasies. Victims were generally indistinguishable from nonvictims in terms of demographic characteristics, previous sexual experiences, sex drive, sexual satisfaction, and sex guilt. In summary, the effects of sexual v...
CORONARY ARTERY BLOOD FLOW IN THE HALOTHANE-DEPRESSED CANINE HEART

SUMMARY The effects of halothane in inspired concentrations of ½ to 3 per cent have been studied in Labrador dogs, using electromagnetic flow probes on the circumflex coronary artery, pulmonary artery and right femoral artery. Pressures were monitored from the central aorta and right atrium. Blood samples were taken from the aorta, coronary sinus and right atrium. Oxygen utilization and vascular resistances were calculated. The results indicate that tayocardial blood flow falls in proportion to myocardial work and oxygen utilization.
Are brown recluse spiders, Loxosceles reclusa (Araneae, Sicariidae) scavengers? The influence of predator satiation, prey size, and prey quality

Abstract I examined prey choice of the brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa Gertsch & Mulaik 1940) with reference to unusual scavenging behavior originally reported by Sandidge (2003). Because scavenging is an unexpected behavior in normally predatory spiders, I hypothesized that special circumstances must converge for the brown recluse to prefer dead prey over live prey. I offered crickets (Acheta domesticus) to brown recluses in several choice experiments. I varied predator satiation (spiders not fed for two or four weeks), prey size (small or large), and prey quality (live, fresh dead, dead 1–2 days, 1 week or 1 month). Overall, recluses preferred live prey over dead, but their choice was influenced by all three variables. Recluses were more likely to scavenge when presented with large live prey paired with dead prey of equal size than when presented with small live and dead prey. Spiders that had fed recently were more likely to scavenge. Finally, recluses preferred dead prey that were freshly kil...
Neural Network Based Decentralized Controls of Large Scale Power Systems

This paper presents a suite of neural network (NN) based decentralized controller designs for large scale power systems' generators, one is for the excitation control and the other is for the steam valve control. Though the control inputs are calculated using local signals, the transient and overall system stability can be guaranteed. NNs are used to approximate the unknown and/or imprecise dynamics of the local power system dynamics and the inter-connection terms, thus the requirements for exact system parameters are relaxed. Simulation studies with a three-machine power system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller designs.
A population-based twin study of self-esteem and gender

Background Self-esteem (SE), a widely used construct in the social sciences, is usually conceptualized as a reflection of socialization and interpersonal experiences that may differ considerably between the genders. Methods The Rosenberg self-esteem scale was assessed at personal interview in both members of 3793 unselected twin pairs (1517 male-male, 856 female-female and 1420 male-female) from the population-based Virginia Twin Registry. Gender effects on SE were assessed by both analysis of variance and biometrical twin modelling. Results The mean SE score was slightly but significantly lower in women v. men, and in women who grew up with a male v. a female co-twin. Twin modelling suggested that: (i) individual differences in self-esteem in both men and women were best explained by genetic and individual-specific environment factors; (ii) heritability estimates were similar in women (32%) and in men (29%); and (iii) the same genetic factors that influenced SE in women also influenced SE in men. Analyses supported the validity of the equal environment assumption for SE. The heritability of SE cannot be explained by the moderate correlation between SE and symptoms of depression. Conclusions These results are inconsistent with prominent gender-related aetiological models for SE, which postulate that individual differences arise from socialization experiences both within and outside the home of origin which differ widely for the two genders. Instead, a significant proportion of the population variance in SE is due to genetically-influenced temperamental variables that are the same in men and women.
All Si-based optical interconnect for interchip signal transmission

Barriers to the commercial implementation of optical interconnects between integrated circuits (ICs) center around the fabrication of optical elements on wafers through conventional Si processes. Most other approaches for optical interconnects use direct bandgap emitters that require drastic changes in conventional fabrication processes. In this work, we demonstrate the ability to transmit electrical signals using Si-based components, i.e., the light was generated by biasing a p-n junction at avalanche breakdown voltage, light was coupled through a fiber cable made of SiO/sub 2/, and detected by an Si-based avalanche photodiode. Results presented demonstrate the switching behavior of the light emitter, transmission of the signal across the fiber, and measurement of the signal limited by the bandwidth of the receiver amplifier.
Investigating the Influence of Carbon Dioxide and the Stratosphere on the Long-Term Tropospheric Temperature Monitoring from HIRS

Abstract Contrary to a midtropospheric warming trend detected from Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) measurements, High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) temperature (15 μm) channels, sensitive to the thermal emission from the troposphere, produce distinct cooling trends for the period 1980–99. This apparent discrepancy in the tropospheric temperature trend is investigated through radiative transfer simulations using Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory climate model output and the profiles of the standard model atmospheres. Radiative simulations with time-invariant carbon dioxide concentration throughout the entire analysis period produce trends that are qualitatively similar to that obtained from the MSU observations, implying that the observed cooling trends of the HIRS temperature channels are attributable to increased carbon dioxide concentration over the 20-yr period. Additional simulations with the observed time-varying concentration of carbon dioxide confirm this basic result. Whereas temp...
Fabrication and performance of a fully integrated mu -pirani pressure gauge with digital readout

A thermal absolute pressure sensor of the heated microbridge type has been integrated with an active bias circuit and an 8-bit successive-approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital (A/D) converter. The chip, which contains about 1000 MOSFETs, measures absolute gas pressure between 10 to 10/sup 4/ Pa, and it is implemented in a 14-mask, 4- mu m NMOS technology merged with the microsensor process. The fabrication process and sensing performance of the mu -pirani gauge are described. >
Effect of a magnetic field upon the gunn effect in InSb

Abstract For times less than 2.5 nsec after the application of an electric field pulse in n -type InSb at 77°K, a sharp drop in the current occurs for electric fields > 600 V/cm. This drop has been previously interpreted as the occurrence of the Gunn effect in InSb due to intervalley transfer. A transverse magnetic field produces an appreciable decrease in the threshold for the instability.
Effect of season on fresh and cryopreserved stallion semen

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of season on sperm quality variables, expression of the fertility-related protein SP22 and selected mRNA transcripts in fresh and cryopreserved stallion sperm. Four stallions were collected in each of the four seasons: summer, fall, winter and spring. Ejaculates were divided and then evaluated for motility, morphology, SP22 staining and expression of selected mRNAs as either fresh semen samples or cryopreserved samples. A significant interaction between season and cryopreservation status was found for total and progressive sperm motility. RNA yield from sperm was not affected by any variable examined. There was no effect of season or cryopreservation on the relative amounts of mRNA for PGK2, TPX1, TIMP3 or ACTB. There was a tendency (P = 0.1) for an effect of stallion on the relative amount of ACTB mRNA. The proportion of sperm immunostained for SP22 over the equatorial segment was affected (P
Influence of surface oxygen on the interactions of carbon nanotubes with natural organic matter.

The sorption properties of natural organic matter (NOM) with oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (O-MWCNTs) in simple electrolytes has been studied, as well as the effect that NOM concentration, pH, and O-MWCNT surface chemistry have on CNT stability under environmentally relevant conditions. As O-MWCNT oxygen content increased, NOM sorption decreased in simple electrolytes for a common set of solution conditions. For each O-MWCNT, NOM sorption increased with increasing ionic strength and decreasing pH, although the sensitivity of NOM sorption to these water quality parameters increased as the O-MWCNT oxygen content increased. Collectively, these observations indicate that NOM sorption by O-MWCNTs is determined by favorable hydrophobic π–π interactions that are moderated by repulsive electrostatic forces between negatively charged carboxylic acid functional groups on the O-MWCNTs and NOM. Stability studies conducted in artificial groundwater revealed that CNT stability is influenced by both the NOM conc...
The Supreme Court and the President: Toward a Balancing Test with Bite

INTRODUCTION 501 I. THE SUPREME COURT’S WARTIME RESPONSES TO PRESIDENTIAL ACTIONS 506 A. The Deferential Balancing Model 506 B. The Justiciability Doctrines Model 509 II. THE FOUNDING FATHERS’ BELIEFS 512 A. The Constitution’s Supremacy over Ordinary Acts 513 B. The Duty of Judges to Protect Constitutional Rights 515 III. THE IMPRACTICALITY OF RIGIDLY INTERPRETING THE CONSTITUTION 516 IV. THE BALANCING TEST WITH BITE MODEL 520 A. The Court’s Recognition of Its Duty to Protect Rights 520 B. The Court’s Modification of Evidentiary Requirements 522 C. The Court’s Respect for the President’s Power ........524 CONCLUSION 526
Limitations of parallel global optimization for large-scale human movement problems

Global optimization algorithms (e.g., simulated annealing, genetic, and particle swarm) have been gain- ing popularity in biomechanics research, in part due to advances in parallel computing. To date, such algorithms have only been applied to small- or medium-scale optimization problems (<100 design vari- ables). This study evaluates the applicability of a parallel particle swarm global optimization algorithm to large-scale human movement problems. The evaluation was performed using two large-scale (660 design variables) optimization problems that utilized a dynamic, 27 degree-of-freedom, full-body gait model to predict new gait motions from a nominal gait motion. Both cost functions minimized a quantity that reduced the external knee adduction torque. The first one minimized footpath errors corresponding to an increased toe out angle of 15 ◦ , while the second one minimized the knee adduction torque directly without changing the footpath. Constraints on allowable changes in trunk orientation, joint angles, joint torques, centers of pressure, and ground reactions were handled using a penalty method. For both prob- lems, a single run with a gradient-based nonlinear least squares algorithm found a significantly better solution than did 10 runs with the global particle swarm algorithm. Due to the penalty terms, the physi- cally realistic gradient-based solutions were located within a narrow "channel" in design space that was difficult to enter without gradient information. Researchers should exercise caution when extrapolating the performance of parallel global optimizers to human movement problems with hundreds of design variables, especially when penalty terms are included in the cost function.
Nuclear relaxation of H2 and H2@C60 in organic solvents

Table 1. T1 of H2 and H2@C60 at 300 K in Various Solvents, at a Field of 11.7 T (500 MHz); Ratio T1(H2)/T1(H2@C60) and Viscosity of the Solvents, at 25 °C T1 (s) a solvent H2 H2@C60 T1 ratio (cP) CCl4 0.84 0.046 18 0.884 b
Speaking to the Crowd: Looking at Past Achievements in Using Crowdsourcing for Speech and Predicting Future Challenges.

This paper examines the literature on the use of crowdsourcing for speech-related tasks: speech acquisition, transcription and annotation as well as the assessment of speech technology. 29 papers were found, representing, 37 different experiments, which were annotated and analyzed to find trends in the field. The paper focuses on the different techniques used for quality control and the variety of sources of “crowds”. Finally, we propose several challenges for the future of crowdsourcing for speech processing.
Temporal Distance and Negotiation Issue Preference Ambiguity

Negotiators must determine the relative importance of issues sometime prior to beginning negotiations. However, social psychological research suggests that the timing of such consideration, relative to the commencement of bargaining, may affect the importance attached to different issues. Because decision construal-level, decision-maker overconfidence, and situational effects on decision-making vary with the point in time before the start of negotiations at which decisions are made, it follows that when a negotiator decides on the relative importance of negotiation issues has an important effect on the shaping of preference structure. This paper argues for increased attention to these social cognitive processes in research on negotiator preferences and attempts to highlight the commonalities amongst these processes in order to stimulate increased investigational effort in this area amongst conflict researchers.
The Nazi Magicians’ Controversy: Enlightenment, “Border Science,” and Occultism in the Third Reich

Over the past two decades, a number of scholars have called into question the existence of any meaningful relationship between Nazism and the occult. This article paints a different picture. First, virtually all Nazi leaders appeared to recognize the widespread popularity of occult practices and “border-scientific” thinking across the German population and within the Nazi Party itself. Second, although Adolf Hitler's Reich Chancellery, Joseph Goebbels’s Propaganda Ministry, and even Heinrich Himmler's Gestapo consistently advocated anti-occult policies or pro-enlightenment campaigns during the first six years of the Third Reich, most Nazi officials worked to differentiate between popular or commercial occultism, which they deemed ideologically “sectarian,” and acceptable “scientific” occultism, which was generally tolerated and intermittently sponsored by the regime. Third, the regime's reticence to eradicate even popular or commercial occultism—indicated by the fact that the environment for professional debunkers became more hostile with the outbreak of World War II––reflected the popularity of supernatural and border-scientific thinking within the German population. Indeed, whereas some Nazis intervened on the side of occultism for reasons of public opinion, many did so because they truly believed in its “scientific” value.
Full-Chip Power Supply Noise Time-Domain Numerical Modeling and Analysis for Single and Stacked ICs

In this paper, a distributed circuit model for on-die power distribution network in single and 3-D ICs is developed, and a set of difference equations are derived based on the circuit model and numerically solved using the finite-difference method. Both IR-drop and simultaneous switching noise, two components of power supply noise (PSN), are iteratively solved in time domain, thereby enabling a transient analysis of PSN. Under the assumptions that on-die power/ground pads, power density, and decoupling capacitors are uniformly distributed, PSN within a unit cell is accurately simulated with <1% error compared with HSPICE simulation. By reducing modeling grid fineness, the numerical modeling approach is applied to a full chip that has multiple blocks with nonuniform power/ground pads, power density, and decoupling capacitance density. Based on full-chip modeling, the PSN distribution of a two-die stack is simulated, and the impact of increasing decoupling capacitance and power/ground pads is investigated.
Abstract 5233: Abnormal lymphatic drainage and function from vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C overexpressing B16F10 melanoma

The lymphatic system provides a major transport route for initial cancer cell dissemination for many cancers. Tumor lymphangiogenesis (i.e., the new formation of tumor-associated lymphatic vessels) is associated with metastatic potential and is an emerging therapeutic target to arrest metastasis. Recent studies show that the major lymphangiogenic growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C induces tumor lymphangiogenesis and enhances tumor spread to the regional lymph nodes (LNs) and distant sites in mouse models of breast cancer and melanoma. Yet despite the important role of lymphatics as a critical pathway for cancer metastasis, relatively little is known about lymphatic function during tumor progression and metastasis, due mainly to the lack of lymphatic imaging approaches. Recently, we have developed in vivo dynamic near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging methods for quantifying propulsive lymph flow. Herein, we employed a dynamic, functional lymphatic imaging technique and longitudinally imaged spatial and temporal changes in lymphatic function and architecture in mice bearing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C overexpressing B16F10 (VEGF-C-B16F10) or mock-transduced B16F10 (mock-B16F10) melanoma tumors. C57BL6 mice were injected with 10ul of indocyanine green (ICG) or FITC-Dextran in the base of the tail and were dynamically imaged for baseline information before implantation of VEGF-C-B16F10 or mock-B16F10 in the hindlimb every three to four days for up to 27 days after inoculation. Our dynamic NIR fluorescence imaging data show that ICG-laden lymph accumulates into a VEGF-C-B16F10 tumor at 3 days post implantation as confirmed with FITC-Dextran leakage from lymphatic vessels; thereafter lymphatic leakage is visualized only in peritumoral lymphatic vessels. Our longitudinal imaging data also show dilated and tortuous lymphatic vessels and reduced or loss of propulsive lymphatic flow in the process of VEGF-C-B16F10 growth. However, mock-B16F10 tumors do not show lymphatic vessel leakage during tumor progression. NIR fluorescence imaging technology can be used to non-invasively and quantitatively detect functional lymphatic changes associated with cancer, which may enable accurate nodal staging of cancer patients and provide new approaches to diagnose and treat cancer metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5233. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5233
Review of Heart Failure Management in African-Americans

Heart disease remains the leading cause of death in African-Americans. Heart failure contributes to this mortality rate and has changed minimally over the years, persisting at rates above Caucasians. In fact, the rates of re-hospitalization associated with heart failure continue to rise particularly among African-Americans. Current estimations reveal that the heart failure prevalence in African-Americans is 3 %, and the risk of developing heart failure is the highest in this population. Despite the abundance of evidence based therapies for heart failure management, several studies have documented that many African-American heart failure patients do not receive adequate treatment. We will review the evidence-based treatment of heart failure in African-Americans.
Review of Methods for Identification of Power System Low-Frequency Oscillation Mode

Low-frequency oscillation is referred to as the power oscillation caused by 0.1~2.0 Hz disturbances on the transmission line. With the development of power technology, the low-frequency oscillation has become an important issue affecting the security and stability of the power grid. This paper,first of all,introduces the background knowledge and some basic concepts of the low-frequency oscillation. Secondly, generation mechanisms of the low-frequency oscillation are summarized and the identification methods of the low-frequency oscillation both at home and abroad are described and evaluated with focus on the signal analysis. Finally,the paper points out that studies on the low-frequency oscillation needs to be strengthened and improved.
VIBRATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A MULTI-BEAM-STIFFENED CYLINDRICAL SHELL BY MOBILITY ANALYSIS

Due to its structural characteristics of a multi-beam-stiffened cylindrical shell,it is widely used in engineering practices,so it is important to do vibration study on an elastic beam-stiffened cylindrical shell.Utilizing transfer point mobility formulas of thin plates and beam structures,the bending vibration response formulas of a multi-beam-stiffened cylindrical shell with simple harmonic excitation at any position are deduced.Numerical simulations are done for its vibration energy distribution with specified parameters.The results show that the vibration energy at the stiffened beams greatly drops.The effects of stiffened beams and their different numbers on the vibration energy distribution and transmission of the oylindrical shell are analyzed.
Treatment of Coats' Disease With Combination Therapy of Intravitreal Bevacizumab, Laser Photocoagulation, and Sub-Tenon Corticosteroids.

Background and objective The authors investigate the efficacy of combination treatment with laser photocoagulation, intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) (Avastin; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA), and sub-Tenon corticosteroids in Coats' disease. Patients and methods Patient records at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute were reviewed from August 2002 to January 2014. Primary outcome measures were anatomic success, globe salvage, and final visual acuity. Results Of the 26 patients (26 eyes) reviewed, 20 patients had stage 3A2, four patients had stage 3A1, and two patients had stage 2A. Mean follow-up time was 2.26 years. The median number of applications was five and three for laser and IVB, respectively. Five patients received sub-Tenon triamcinolone injections. Global salvage was achieved in all patients. Final visual acuity outcomes were reasonable: 20/20 to 20/50 in five patients, 20/60 to 20/100 in five patients, and 20/200 or less in 16 patients. Conclusion Intravitreal injections of bevacizumab used in combination with repetitive laser photocoagulation therapy yielded anatomic success, global salvage, and reasonable visual acuity outcomes. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2016;47:443-449.].
The SURF Technique

Selective ultraviolet radiation fractionation (SURF) is a simple technique for the isolation of histologically defined microscopic tissue regions (1,2). Very small numbers (100-400) of cells can be rapidly isolated with relatively crude equipment. The isolated cells can be analyzed genetically by PCR, thereby allowing a direct comparison between microscopic phenotype with genotype. The ability to compare genotype between different tissue areas provides opportunities to analyze many disease processes, including the heterogeneity expected of multistep tumor progression.
Circadian Photoreception in Mammals and Other Vertebrates

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses circadian photoreception in mammals and other vertebrates. Circadian rhythms are driven by endogenous pacemakers that have periods close to, but rarely exactly, 24 hours. To function adaptively in the real world, circadian systems that include pacemakers and the many rhythms that they control must be synchronized with the astronomical day. Viewed from a circadian perspective, an organism is an ensemble of adaptive phase relationships among multiple rhythms at all levels of organization from the molecular to the behavioral. In addition to their role in the circadian system, extra-retinal photoreceptors have also been shown to play an important part in the regulation of seasonal reproductive cycles in nonmammalian vertebrates. Vertebrate photoreceptors include deep brain photoreceptors, the parietal eye (when present), the pineal gland (the photoreceptive capacity of which has been clearly and repeatedly demonstrated and is probably required for entrainment of its own internal circadian oscillator), in addition to the eyes themselves.
Early Lower Carboniferous Conodonts from the Syringothyris Limestone of Kashmir

Conodonts from the lower part of the Syringothyris Limestone exposed near Aishmuqam in the Liddar Valley, Kashmir, include Clydagnatlllls gilwernensis Rhodes, Austin, and Druce, Polygnathus communis communis Branson and Mehl, Bispathodus stabilis (Branson and Mehl), and Bispathodus aculeatus plumulus (Rhodes, Austin, and Druce). The fauna is of early lower Carboniferous (early Tournasian) age.
EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH, EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA1980-2013

This paper dwelt on empirical analysis of electricity supply on economic growth, Evidence from Nigeria1980-2013 using the Cobb Douglas production function in line with the similar study by Gbadebo and Okonkwo (2009). The choice of this model is very relevant to the topic of the study as it includes two important factors of any production activity viz: capital and labour. The data used in this paper are basically secondary data and time series data. The ordinary least squares (OLS) techniques were used because of its blue qualities. GDP is taken as the dependent variable proxied for economic growth while electricity industrial consumption, gross capital formation, labour force and foreign direct investment are taken as the explanatory or independent variables. The results of the ordinary least squares test show that there exists a positive relationship between economic growth of Nigeria and all the independent variables except FDI. All the variables are rightly signed except foreign direct investment. Employing the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test to check for the integrating order of the variables, it was found that at level, all the variables were not stationary, but achieved stationarity at first order integration. The Johansen test was conducted to check if the variables are co-integrated and it was found that at 5% significant level, all the variables are co-integrating. Therefore, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there exists a long-run relationship between electricity supply and economic growth of Nigeria. The study recommends that government should intensify action in support of policies that encourage private sector participation in the provision of electricity. Also, the study recommends that government should encourage and support the utilization of the abundant renewable energy sources in the country which will not only increase the revenue base of the nation but also reduce the emission of hazardous pollutants associated with the use of non-renewable energy sources.
Accidental hydroxychloroquine overdose resulting in neurotoxic vestibulopathy

Hydroxychloroquine is an oral antimalarial medication commonly used off-label for a variety of rheumatological conditions, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren’s syndrome and dermatomyositis. We present a case of a 64-year-old woman who presented with acute onset headache, bilateral tinnitus, and left-sided facial numbness and tingling in the setting of accidentally overdosing on hydroxychloroquine. By the next morning, the patient began to experience worsening in the tingling sensation and it eventually spread to her left arm, thigh and distal extremities. The patient also complained of new onset blurring of her peripheral vision and feeling ‘off balance.’ Despite a complete neurological and ophthalmological work-up with unremarkable imaging and blood work, the patient has had no improvement in her tinnitus, left-sided paresthesias, visual disturbance or ataxia. This is a unique case of hydroxychloroquine overdose resulting in permanent neurotoxic vestibulopathy.
Oxidative remediation of 4-methylcyclohexanemethanol (MCHM) and propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPh). Evidence of contaminant repair reaction pathways

A large spill of 4-methylcyclohexanemethanol (MCHM) and propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPh) into the Elk River near Charleston, West Virginia on January 9, 2014 led to serious water contamination and public concerns about appropriate remediation. To assess the feasibility of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for remediation of waters contaminated with these compounds, we induced hydroxyl radical (HO˙) reactions using time-resolved and steady-state radiolysis methods. Detailed product analyses showed initial HO˙ attack was at the benzene ring of PPh, and occurred through H-atom abstraction reactions for MCHM. Pulse radiolysis and steady state radiolysis experiments conducted using pure compound solutions, mixtures of the compounds and real water solvents allowed us to obtain mechanistic insights of hydroxyl radical attack and establish the fate of the compounds using AOP remediation technologies. These results demonstrate that hydroxyl radical induced oxidization of PPh can lead to “repair-type” reactions, which regenerates this contaminant. The study further highlights the importance of such counterproductive reactions for the quantitative estimate of the required amount of oxidant in any large-scale treatment approaches.
The UICC Cervical Cancer Initiative: A comprehensive program for cervical cancer prevention worldwide including a fellowship program

1547 Background: HPV vaccines and new screening tools have the potential to make cervical cancer largely a disease of the past. The UICC Cervical Cancer Initiative (CCI) is a comprehensive program that aims to increase awareness and education, and support screening, vaccination, and treatment via four key components: advocacy; public information; professional education; and pilot projects. CCI is global in scope, but emphasis is placed on resource-poor settings where mortality and morbidity rates from cervical cancer and HPV-related infections are highest. Lack of appropriate professional knowledge has recurrently been identified as one of the major hindrances to national cancer control programs and lack of access to diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A comprehensive educational package developed by a task force of experts will serve as a basis for train the trainer courses. CCI curriculum materials are practical and reader-friendly with an interdisciplinary approach. UICC has developed a dedicated fellows...
Sensory and Perceptual Storage: Data and Theory

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the characteristics of initial visual storage and discusses the early conceptualizations of iconic memory. The chapter presents an analogous treatment of initial auditory storage. In both domains, a semichronological organization is used to present findings from the three major tasks that have been used to study both visual and auditory sensory storage: partial report, backward masking, and subjective estimation of phenomenal presence. The chapter addresses how the early conceptions of the icon have changed over recent years in response to certain seemingly contradictory results about its nature; and discusses a new linear-systems approach for thinking about iconic storage and visual information processing that reconciles these apparently contradictory results within a unitary framework. The evidence for multiple types of perceptual memories as opposed to stores for more abstract or symbolic information is reviewed and the issue of how such perceptual memories or stores should be represented, if at all, within models of information processing is discussed.
Correlated Poisson models for age‐period‐cohort analysis

Age-period-cohort (APC) models are widely used to analyze population-level rates, particularly cancer incidence and mortality. These models are used for descriptive epidemiology, comparative risk analysis, and extrapolating future disease burden. Traditional APC models have 2 major limitations: (1) they lack parsimony because they require estimation of deviations from linear trends for each level of age, period, and cohort; and (2) rates observed at similar ages, periods, and cohorts are treated as independent, ignoring any correlations between them that may lead to biased parameter estimates and inefficient standard errors. We propose a novel approach to estimation of APC models using a spatially correlated Poisson model that accounts for over-dispersion and correlations in age, period, and cohort, simultaneously. We treat the outcome of interest as event rates occurring over a grid defined by values of age, period, and cohort. Rates defined in this manner lend themselves to well-established approaches from spatial statistics in which correlation among proximate observations may be modeled using a spatial random effect. Through simulations, we show that in the presence of spatial dependence and over-dispersion: (1) the correlated Poisson model attains lower AIC; (2) the traditional APC model produces biased trend parameter estimates; and (3) the correlated Poisson model corrects most of this bias. We illustrate our approach using brain and breast cancer incidence rates from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Program of the United States. Our approach can be easily extended to accommodate comparative risk analyses and interpolation of cells in the Lexis with sparse data.
Ocular and periocular hemangiosarcoma in six horses.

Objective To determine the characteristics of and prognosis for ocular and periocular hemangiosarcoma in horses. Animal studied Six horses treated for ocular or periocular hemangiosarcoma. Procedure A retrospective review of medical records from 2007 to 2015 was performed to identify horses with a histologic diagnosis of ocular or periocular hemangiosarcoma. Signalment (age, sex, breed), duration of clinical signs, prior treatment, tumor size and location, medical and surgical treatment including postoperative chemotherapy, follow-up time, and outcome were obtained from medical records. Histopathology was reviewed by a board-certified pathologist. Results In six horses diagnosed with ocular or periocular hemangiosarcoma, no breed, age, or sex was overrepresented. Sites included the temporal limbus (3), third eyelid (2), and uvea (1). With the exception of one horse with uveal hemangiosarcoma, 5/6 horses had lightly pigmented periocular haircoat. Histologic features of ocular hemangiosarcoma in 6/6 cases included high cellularity, nuclear pleomorphism, and inflammation with a mitotic index ranging from 0 to 8 mitoses per 10 consecutive 400× fields. Five of six tumors displayed solar elastosis, indicating ultraviolet light-induced damage to sub-epithelial collagen. Treatment included surgical excision in all cases and was not associated with recurrence in 4/6. Three cases that received ancillary treatment with topical mitomycin C had no postoperative recurrence. Two cases with postexcisional recurrence had histologic evidence of incomplete excision. Conclusions Complete surgical excision may be associated with resolution of periocular and ocular hemangiosarcoma in horses. Etiopathogenesis may include exposure to ultraviolet light.