cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical analysis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis with mild proteinuria in children

Objective To analyze the clinical feature and prognosis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) with mild proteinuria in children. Methods The data of 78 HSPN children with mild proteinuria who were hospitalized in Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from September 2013 to September 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.All the cases were followed up.The clinical manifestation, histologic characteristics, treatment and outcome were analyzed, and the prognosis was compared between groups of different levels of proteinuria. Results (1)In the 78 cases, 45 cases were male and 33 cases were female.The attack age range was from 3 years and 8 months to 14 years and 3 months, and the renal involvement occurred from 1 day to 60 months in courses of Henoch-Schonlein purpura.(2)Twenty-seven cases were manifested with isolated proteinuria, and 51 cases were with hematuria and proteinuria.All the cases had normal kidney function while 2 cases had hypertension.Renal biopsy was performed in 9 cases, in which 6 cases were Ⅲb, the other 3 cases were Ⅱb.(3)Twelve cases were treated with regimen of immunosuppression and/or glucocorticoid.By the end of follow-up, the urinary analysis showed 46 cases(50.9%) had completely recovered, 29 cases(37.2%)just had microscopic hematuria but no proteinuria, and 3 cases(3.8%) had obvious proteinuria.The renal involvement of 7 cases (9%) had been recurrent during the follow-up.(4) The time of recovery of proteinuria in the group with urinary protein ≤15 mg/kg(median: 1 month) was less than that of the group with urinary protein >15 mg/kg(median: 3 months), and the difference was significant (Z=-4.12, P=0.001), and 6 cases were found recurrent in the former group (10.9%) but 1 case(4.3%) in the latter group, and the difference was not significant(χ2=0.24, P=0.624). Conclusions The clinical characteristics of children with HSPN with mild proteinuria are not serious, and most of the cases had a favorable prognosis.However, some cases have protracted and recurrent courses which have serious pathological grade.So, urine analysis, long term follow-up, timely kidney biopsy and appropriate treatment are significant for HSPN with mild proteinuria. Key words: Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis; Child; Proteinuria; Prognosis
Probing Diffuse Polymer Brush Interfaces Using Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering

The success of a neutron or X-ray scattering experiment relies on sufficient signal from the system being studied. The intensity of scattered radiation depends on instrument resolution, the structu...
Value Creating Education Philosophy and the Womanist Discourses of African American Women Educators: Soka Education and Womanist Education Philosophy

The paper documents the initiative of two African American women educators who have utilized these theoretical approaches to solve the educational challenges in their respective communities. Marva Collins and Corla Hawkins decided to build schools in their own communities after realizing that the public schools were not equipped to educate minorities. The story of these two women demonstrates that individuals can address systemic injustices in their communities. Collins and Hawkins were not wealthy. What they possessed was a passion for helping others. Their example can inspire more individuals to take steps using liberating philosophies, like value-creating education and womanist approaches in education, to transform the state of education in their communities.
Measuring disclosure using 8-K filings

We construct four voluntary and two mandatory disclosure measures for 260,880 firm-quarters from 2005 through 2016 using 8-K data. The first voluntary disclosure measure is the count of 8-Ks, a proxy used in prior studies. The second and third are the count and word count of the 8-K items classified as voluntary (Items 2.02, 7.01, and 8.01) and the associated exhibits. The final voluntary disclosure measure is the count of the voluntary 8-K items and exhibits that include management guidance, conference calls, non-GAAP measures, or investor day disclosures. We document basic properties of these measures, including their cross-sectional and time-series correlations and persistence, and associations with firm-level characteristics. We show that, although the four measures are highly correlated, each captures unique aspects of firms’ disclosures. Based on how the measures are constructed and supported by our findings, we contend that the word-count-based 8-K measure provides a superior proxy for firm-level voluntary disclosure.
Combinatorial microneedle patch with tunable release kinetics and dual fast-deep/sustained release capabilities.

Transdermal microneedle (MN) drug delivery patches, comprising water-soluble polymers, have played an essential role in diverse biomedical applications, but with limited development towards fast deep release or sustained delivery applications. The effectiveness of such MN delivery patches strongly depends on the materials from which they are constructed. Herein, we present a dual-action combinatorial programmable MN patch, comprising of fast and sustained-release MN zones, with tunable release kinetics towards delivering a wide range of therapeutics over different timeframes in single application. We demonstrate the fine tuning of MN materials; the patches can be tailored to deliver a first payload faster and deeper within minutes, while simultaneously delivering a second payload over long times ranging from weeks to months. The active and rapid burst release relies on embedding biodegradable Mg microparticle ‘engines’ in dissolvable MNs while the sustained release is attributed to biocompatible polymers that allow prolonged release in a controllable tunable manner. In addition, the patches are characterized and optimized for their design, materials and mechanical properties. These studies indicate that such programmable dual-action versatile MN platform is expected to improve therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, achieving powerful benefits by single patch application at low manufacturing cost.
Urban Life in the Shadows of Infrastructural Death: From People as Infrastructure to Dead Labor and Back Again

Grounded in the writings of AbdouMaliq Simone and the theoretical project of Southern urbanism, the concept of “people as infrastructure” has radically reframed how we understand and study urban in...
Perturbed Brain Glucose Metabolism Caused by Absent SIRT3 Activity

Acetylation is a post-translational modification that regulates the activity of enzymes fundamentally involved in cellular and mitochondrial bioenergetic metabolism. NAD+ dependent deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is localized to mitochondria where it plays a key role in regulating acetylation of TCA cycle enzymes and the mitochondrial respiratory complexes. Although the SIRT3 target proteins in mitochondria have been identified, the effect of SIRT3 activity on mitochondrial glucose metabolism in the brain remains elusive. The impact of abolished SIRT3 activity on glucose metabolism was determined in SIRT3 knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice injected with [1,6-13C]glucose using ex vivo 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The 1H-NMR spectra and amino acid analysis showed no differences in the concentration of lactate, glutamate, alanine, succinate, or aspartate between SIRT3 KO and WT mice. However, glutamine, total creatine (Cr), and GABA were lower in SIRT3 KO brain. Incorporation of label from [1,6-13C]glucose metabolism into lactate or alanine was not affected in SIRT3 KO brain. However, the incorporation of the label into all isotopomers of glutamate, glutamine, GABA and aspartate was lower in SIRT3 KO brain, reflecting decreased activity of mitochondrial and TCA cycle metabolism in both neurons and astrocytes. This is most likely due to hyperacetylation of mitochondrial enzymes due to suppressed SIRT3 activity in the brain of SIRT3 KO mice. Thus, the absence of Sirt3 results in impaired mitochondrial oxidative energy metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis in the brain. Since the SIRT3 activity is NAD+ dependent, these results might parallel changes in glucose metabolism under pathologic reduction in mitochondrial NAD+ pools.
Evaluation of Surgical Oncology Fellowship Websites: Are We Showing What Applicants Need to See?

Abstract Background The Internet is a major resource for surgery fellowship applicants, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Online information for surgical oncology and breast oncology training programs can be found on the Society of Surgical Oncology's webpage and fellowship institution websites. The goal of this study was to analyze the comprehensiveness of complex general surgical oncology and breast oncology fellowship websites. Materials and methods A list of all accredited surgical oncology and breast oncology fellowships was recorded from the Society of Surgical Oncology website and stratified by region. Then, a Google search was performed on each fellowship program to determine each institution's webpage. Two of the authors then analyzed 2 web resources, institutional website and Society of Surgical Oncology webpage, for each fellowship program to determine if information valued by applicants was provided. Results Online information of 29 surgical oncology fellowships and 59 breast oncology fellowships was analyzed. Statistical differences were found among criteria in major information categories between Society of Surgical Oncology and institutional webpages for both fellowship types. Detailed criteria were more present on institutional rather than Society of Surgical Oncology webpages. Conclusion For applicants to surgical oncology fellowships, institutional webpages provided the most pertinent information and may be used as a primary resource to guide fellowship application. For applicants to breast oncology fellowships, Society of Surgical Oncology webpages may be used as a primary resource to guide fellowship application. Both Society of Surgical Oncology and institutional pages lacked pertinent information regarding interview dates, and these resources should be updated to reflect program highlights as well as pertinent information for applicants.
The National Bioethics Advisory Commission: Contributing to Public Policy

This study assesses the US National Bioethics Advisory Commission's contribution to policymaking by tracking the response to its recommendations, on issues such as human cloning, from the President, Congress, government, societies and foundations, other countries and international groups.
A Forest Vegetation Database for Western Oregon

Abstract : Data on forest vegetation in western Oregon were assembled for 2323 ecological survey plots. All data were from fixed-radius plots with the standardized design of the Current Vegetation Survey (CVS) initiated in the early 1990s. For each site, the database includes: 1) live tree density and basal area of common tree species, 2) total live tree density, basal area, estimated biomass, and estimated leaf area; 3) age of the oldest overstory tree examined, 4) geographic coordinates, 5) elevation, 6) interpolated climate variables, and 7) other site variables. The data are ideal for ecoregional analyses of existing vegetation.
Wild tame-by-cyclic extensions

Abstract Suppose G is a semi-direct product of the form Z / p n ⋊ Z / m where p is prime and m is relatively prime to p . Suppose K is a complete discrete valuation field of characteristic p > 0 with algebraically closed residue field. The main result states necessary and sufficient conditions on the ramification filtrations that occur for wildly ramified G -Galois extensions of K . In addition, we prove that there exists a parameter space for G -Galois extensions of K with given ramification filtration, and we calculate its dimension in terms of the ramification filtration. We provide explicit equations for wild cyclic extensions of K of degree p 3 .
Frequency of Class I HLA-Restricted Anti-HIV CD8+ T Cells in Individuals Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)

Peptide/MHC tetrameric complexes were used to enumerate the frequency of HLA class I-restricted epitope-specific CD8+ T cells in 18 HLA-A*0201 HIV type 1-infected asymptomatic patients. HLA-A*0201 molecules were complexed to HIV Gag p17 (amino acids 77-85) and reverse transcriptase (amino acids 464-472) peptides, biotinylated, and bound to streptavidin-phycoerythrin to form tetramers. We show in this study that 17 of 18 HIV-1-infected asymptomatic patients have circulating frequencies of 1/50-1/1000 CD8+ T cells that recognize both Gag and Pol CTL epitopes or either epitope alone. The functional nature of these cells is open to interpretation, as we show that despite relatively high frequencies of fresh epitope-specific CD8+ T cells, variant epitope sequences in viral plasma progeny were rare. In addition, the majority of tetramer-positive cells did not display discernible fresh CTL activity; only after restimulation with specific peptide in culture was there an expansion of epitope-specific CD8+ cells, correlating with high CTL activity. These data suggest that fresh tetramer-stained cells probably represent memory precursors; we demonstrate, with the application of highly active antiretroviral therapy, that the interruption of chronic antigenic stimulation causes significant reductions in the frequency of these cells in five of six patients. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that persistently replicating viral populations are probably required to maintain high frequencies of HIV-1 epitope-specific CD8+ T cells in asymptomatic chronically infected individuals
Agonist-induced release of nitric oxide during acute exposure to nicotine.

Abstract While we have shown that acute infusion of nicotine impairs agonist-induced dilatation of resistance arterioles (Am.J.Physiol. 272:H2337–H2342, 1997), no studies have examined the release of nitric oxide in response to these agonists before and during treatment with nicotine. Thus, the first goal of the present study was to examine agonist-induced release of nitric oxide by the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation under control conditions and during acute infusion of nicotine. We measured the release of nitric oxide (Sievers NO analyzer) in response to repeated topical application of acetylcholine (1.0 uμM) and 5′-adenosine diphosphate (ADP; 1.0 μM) during infusion of vehicle and during infusion of nicotine (2.0 μg/kg/min iv for 30 minutes followed by a maintenance dose of 0.35 μg/kg/min). In hamsters treated with vehicle, topical application of acetylcholine and ADP elicited reproducible increases in nitric oxide release. In contrast, in hamsters treated with nicotine, there was a marked inhibition of nitric oxide release in response to acetylcholine and ADP. In a previous study (J.Appl.Physiol. 85:1292–1298, 1998) we found that treatment of the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation with superoxide dismutase restored unpaired agonist-induced vasodilatation during acute infusion of nicotine. Thus, our second goal was to examine whether Superoxide dismutase would restore agonist-induced release of nitric oxide during infusion of nicotine. We found that treatment of the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation with superoxide dismutase prior to infusion of nicotine prevented nicotine-induced impairment of nitric oxide release in response to acetylcholine and ADP. We suggest that nicotine alters dilatation of arterioles via an increased release of superoxide anion and subsequent inactivation of nitric oxide.
Surface modification of zein films

Abstract A novel method to derivatize the surface of zein is devised that can modify the water absorption and surface wetting behavior. The reagents used to impart the desired properties in a reasonable amount of time include octenyl succinic anhydride and alkyl and alkenyl ketene dimers. The method is easy to apply and involves baking with an appropriate concentration of a derivatizing agent. Decreased water absorption and increased contact angle with water relative to control demonstrate the advantages this methodology provides. Atomic force microscopy was used to demonstrate that after derivatization the surface of the film became much different, having large globular domains that extended as much as 122 nm above the lowest surface. Given the hydrophobic character of the reagents and their relative incompatibility with zein, it was anticipated that derivatization would be somewhat inhomogeneous.
Cutting the Wire: Gaming Prohibition and the Internet: By David G. Schwartz (2005). Reno, NV: University of Nevada Press, xi, 282 pp., ISBN 0-87417-619-0 (hardcover), 0-87417-620-4 (paperback). Price: US$49.95 (hardcover), US$24.95 (paperback).

Cutting the Wire examines the American experience with gambling through the lens of the 1961 Wire Act. The book is a well-researched history of federal gambling policy, focusing on the Wire Act as part of Robert F. Kennedy's initiative against organized crime. The evolution of gambling, illicit and legal, in the U.S. is traced from premodern times through the advent of the Internet, with a discussion of the Department of Justice's reliance on the Wire Act in its response to this development. Professor Schwartz's well-researched study of the Wire Act is a unique and valuable contribution to the literature. His careful examination of (unsuccessful) Congressional attempts to ban interstate wagering on horse races in 1910 and again in the early 1950s is particularly useful. This often forgotten legislation is the precursor of not only the Wire Act of 1961 but also the Interstate Horseracing Act (1978) and the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act (2006).
Hard Times And Health Insurance: How Many Americans Will Be Uninsured By 2010?

In earlier work we demonstrated that increases in the cost of health care accounted for the decline in insurance coverage from 1979 to 2002. Here we examine whether our model adequately accounts for observed changes in coverage though 2007, and we provide an estimate of the effects of the recession on the number of uninsured Americans through 2010. We project that the number will increase by at least 6.9 million. The estimate does not directly take into account the additional effects of job losses, which are likely to add millions more to the number of uninsured Americans.
HELMET TREATMENT FOR PLAGIOCEPHALY DURING INFANCY 345

Plagiocephaly may result from cranial deformation, craniosynostosis, congenital asymmetry syndromes, osteogenesis imperfecta, or altered muscle tone. The 1992 AAP recommendation that infants sleep on their backs or sides in order to help prevent SIDS has increased the incidence of plagiocephaly recently. Few patients experience improvement in cranial symmetry without intervention, though some infants undergo neurosurgical correction, most patients with nonsyndromic, nonsynostotic plagiocephaly respond to early conservative management, consisting of neck-stretching and head-turning exercises, with repositioning of the infant's head during sleep. Helmet therapy is utilized for severe deformation of the skull at six months of age, and for those cases in which conservative management has failed. The objectives of conservative therapy are to maximize the neck range of motion and vertical head position. Over the past eight years, we have evaluated 70 cases of plagiocephaly referred by their pediatricians: 19 patients had mild cranial asymmetry and were successfully treated with conservative management, 14 cases were moderately severe and 5 were successfully treated with conservative management, 9 patients failed to follow-up, 9 additional cases failed conservative management and were treated with helmet therapy, and the remaining 36 patients had severe plagiocephaly: 30 were recommended for helmet therapy, 6 were too old to benefit from helmet therapy, 4 were dropped from the study for failure to follow-up, and 8 cases had an underlying syndrome(asymmetry associated with vascular malformation, post-op craniosynostosis, and type 3 OI). Two patients fitted with helmets after age one year experienced minimal benefit after long-term therapy. The rest experienced marked improvement from helmet therapy. Maximal benefits from conservative therapy were achieved when treatment was instituted early in infancy, particularly for mild to moderate cases. Those with severe plagiocephaly achieved maximal benefits when helmet therapy was instituted prior to age 7 months and accompanied by conservative management measures.
The ultimate "other": Post-colonialism and Alexander Von humboldt's ecological relationship with nature

This article is a meditation on the overlaps between environmentalism, post-colonial theory, and the practice of history. It takes as a case study the writings of the explorer-scientist-abolitionist Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), the founder of a humane, socially conscious ecology. The post-colonial critique has provided a necessary corrective to the global environmental movement, by focusing it on enduring colonialist power dynamics, but at the same time it has crippled the field of environmental history, by dooming us to a model of the past in which all Euro-American elites, devoid of personal agency, are always already in an exploitative relationship with the people and natural resources of the developing world. A close reading of Humboldt's work, however, suggests that it could provide the basis for a healthy post-colonial environmentalism, if only post-colonial critics were willing to see beyond Humboldt's complicity in colonial structures. In particular, this article attempts to rehabilitate Humboldt's reputation in the face of Mary Louise Pratt's canonical post-colonial study, Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation. Humboldt's efforts to inspire communion with Nature while simultaneously recognizing Nature's “otherness” can be seen as radical both in his day and in ours. In addition his analysis of the link between the exploitation of natural resources and the exploitation of certain social groups anticipates the global environmental justice movement.
Abnormal coupling of knee and hip moments during maximal exertions in persons with cerebral palsy

The motions of lower-limb extension, adduction, and internal rotation are frequently coupled in persons with cerebral palsy (CP) and are commonly referred to as an extension synergy. However, the underlying joint moments that give rise to these coupled motions are not well understood. We hypothesized that maximal voluntary exertions in a direction of one component of a synergy (e.g., hip extension) would result in the concurrent presence of other components of the synergy in subjects with CP but not in control subjects. To test this hypothesis, we measured three-dimensional moments about the hip and knee as nine subjects with spastic CP and six control subjects performed maximal isometric exertions of the hip and knee flexors and extensors. During maximal hip extension exertions, control subjects simultaneously generated a knee flexion moment, whereas CP subjects generated a knee extension moment (P < 0.05) and a larger hip internal rotation moment than did controls (P < 0.05). During maximal knee extension exertions, control subjects generated a hip flexion moment, whereas CP subjects generated a hip extension moment (P < 0.05). The patterns of joint moments generated by CP subjects are consistent with an extension synergy and may underlie the coupled motion patterns of the lower extremity in such persons.
Bidirectional Influences of Violence Exposure and Adjustment in Early Adolescence: Externalizing Behaviors and School Connectedness

This study utilized cross-lagged longitudinal models to examine prospective, bidirectional relationships between witnessing violence and victimization and three adjustment variables—delinquency, conduct problems, and school connectedness. Participants included 603 early adolescent boys and girls (78% African American, 20% Caucasian). Witnessing violence was related to subsequent lower levels of school connectedness and more conduct problems. For Caucasian but not African American adolescents, witnessing violence also predicted later delinquency. Victimization was linked with lower school connectedness over time, and for boys but not girls also with more conduct problems. Only adolescent delinquency was associated with subsequent witnessing violence and victimization.
The Mechanical Role of the Trunk and Lower Extremities in a Seated Weight-Moving Task in the Sagittal Plane

A two-dimensional, sagittally-symmetric biomechanical model was developed to analyze the joint moments required to stabilize the trunk in a seated, dynamic, weight-moving task. Kinematic and reaction force data were measured while subjects moved a hand-held weight (0–4 kgf) at shoulder level to and fro at 1 Hz. These data were then used for model input and validation purposes. A second, simpler model was used to simulate how joint loads varied with weight held, trunk inclination, and movement frequency. The results for this seated task demonstrate a) significant trunk, hip, knee, and ankle joint moments (37, 13, 4, 13 percent of maximum strength values, respectively) were required, b) considerable intersubject differences in mean joint moments (more than 66 percent) were found, which primarily were due to subtle differences in body segment kinematics and lower extremities use, and c) the important role of the lower extremities in stabilizing the trunk in the seated posture.
On the skewness of the temperature derivative in turbulent flows

An attempt is made to explain the fact that, contrary to the requirements of local isotropy, the skewness of the streamwise temperature derivative has been observed to be a nonzero constant of magnitude of about unity in high-Reynolds-number and high-Peclet-number turbulent shear flows. Measurements in slightly heated homogeneous shear flows and in unsheared grid turbulence suggest that the skewness is nonzero only when the mean shear and the mean temperature gradient are both nonzero.
UV irradiation induces a postreplication DNA damage checkpoint

Eukaryotic cells irradiated with high doses of UV exhibit cell-cycle responses referred to as G1/S, intraS, and G2/M checkpoints. After a moderate UV dose that approximates sunlight exposure and is lethal to fission yeast checkpoint mutants, we found unexpectedly that these cell-cycle responses do not occur. Instead, cells at all stages of the cell cycle carry lesions into S phase and delay cell-cycle progression for hours after the completion of bulk DNA synthesis. Both DNA replication and the checkpoint kinase, Chk1, are required to generate this cell-cycle response. UV-irradiation of Δchk1 cells causes chromosome damage and loss of viability only after cells have replicated irradiated DNA and entered mitosis. These data suggest that an important physiological role of the cell-cycle response to UV is to provide time for postreplication repair.
Neurotrophic factors increase axonal growth after spinal cord injury and transplantation in the adult rat

The capacity of CNS neurons for axonal regrowth after injury decreases as the age of the animal at time of injury increases. After spinal cord lesions at birth, there is extensive regenerative growth into and beyond a transplant of fetal spinal cord tissue placed at the injury site. After injury in the adult, however, although host corticospinal and brainstem-spinal axons project into the transplant, their distribution is restricted to within 200 μm of the host/transplant border. The aim of this study was to determine if the administration of neurotrophic factors could increase the capacity of mature CNS neurons for regrowth after injury. Spinal cord hemisection lesions were made at cervical or thoracic levels in adult rats. Transplants of E14 fetal spinal cord tissue were placed into the lesion site. The following neurotrophic factors were administered at the site of injury and transplantation: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), ciliary-derived neurotrophic factor (CNTF), or vehicle alone. After 1–2 months survival, neuroanatomical tracing and immunocytochemical methods were used to examine the growth of host axons within the transplants. The neurotrophin administration led to increases in the extent of serotonergic, noradrenergic, and corticospinal axonal ingrowth within the transplants. The influence of the administration of the neurotrophins on the growth of injured CNS axons was not a generalized effect of growth factors per se, since the administration of CNTF had no effect on the growth of any of the descending CNS axons tested. These results indicate that in addition to influencing the survival of developing CNS and PNS neurons, neurotrophic factors are able to exert aneurotropicinfluence on injured mature CNS neurons by increasing their axonal growth within a transplant.
Unique representation of primitive factors of 2 n −1,n ODD, in certain quadratic forms

Primitive factorsq of 2 n −1,n odd, are either of the form 8m−1 or 8m+1. In the first case there exists a unique representation ofq in the quadratic forma 2−2b 2, (a, b)=1,a andb odd,b<[√q/2], and in the latter a unique representation ofq in the quadratic formc 2+2 j d2, (c, d)=1,c andd odd,j even and ≧6. Thus the uniqueness ofq=a 2−2b 2 orc 2+2 j d2 exhibits a proof of the primality ofq. A program that determinesa, b, c, andd for anyq not exceeding 16 decimal digits is described, and as an example the 13-digit prime 4432676798593 (a primitive factor of 249−1) is uniquely represented by 13742732+214·124612.
An extensible editor for a small machine with disk storage

A design philosophy for developing a sophisticated utility program is illustrated by the actual design and implementation of a text editor. A versatile data structure is employed so that only a small number of programmed subroutines are necessary for all types of data manipulation. Such a data structure is described, and its merits are illustrated by the ease with which powerful extensions can be implemented in terms of a few basic editing functions.
Clare Gunn: pioneer, maverick and “founding father” of academic tourism in the USA

It was the summer of 2014. The 10 students around the table were both curious and excited. They had been told that the legendary man with whom they were about to interact in a lunch-time “brown bag...
Mainstem bronchial intubation: An unrecognized source of hypotension during coronary artery bypass surgery

U 'NINTENTIONAL RIGHT mainstem bronchial intubation is a frequently recognized complication of endotracheal intubation. When undetected, however, it may have catastrophic and even lethal consequences.l,2 Usually, endobronchial intubation results in hyperinflation of the intubated side and. if allowed to persist long enough, atelectasis of the contralateral lung. This may lead to increased peak inspiratory pressures (PIP), ventilation-perfusion mismatch, and hypoxemia.l,3,4 Ordinarily, these findings, along with decreased breath sounds in the left hemithorax, are diagnostic) Occasionally, however, undetected increased PIR absence of hypoxemia, and transmitted breath sounds can make this diagnosis difficult tO establish, l'a Without producing a tension pneumothorax on the hyperventilated side. hypotension is not considered one of the cardinal signs associated with inadvertent right bronchial ihtubation.t,5 A case is presented in which hypotension was the primary finding,
Unilateral Frosted Branch Angiitis

We examined two patients with monocular frosted branch angiitis. The patients were young and healthy; they rapidly developed severe visual loss with thick, white sheathing of the retinal veins and responded promptly to systemic corticosteroids. The fluorescein angiograms showed late leakage from the retinal veins, without evidence of stasis or occlusion. Frosted branch angiitis can be either a unilateral or a bilateral condition. We believe the potential for visual loss and the prompt response to systemic corticosteroids make early, accurate diagnosis and institution of therapy desirable.
Boston secondary schools project: A successful school‐university collaboration

(1991). Boston secondary schools project: A successful school‐university collaboration. The Teacher Educator: Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 9-19.
Predicting the Stability of Conduct Problems in Children with and Without Callous-Unemotional Traits

We tested predictors of persistence in conduct problems for children with and without callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Participants were 79 children of an original 98 children recruited from a community-wide screening to oversample children with conduct problems and to ensure equal numbers of children high and low on CU traits. The sample was reassessed at four yearly intervals and the 79 children (81%) were those with data at all four assessments. Children within each conduct problem group were divided into those with more and less stable patterns of conduct problems based on structured interviews with parent and child. Stability in conduct problems for children without CU traits was more strongly related to level of impulsivity and socioeconomic status, whereas children high on CU traits showed more stable conduct problems if they experienced higher rates of life stressors.
Radiative corrections to Compton scattering

Corrections of order e6 to the differential cross section for Compton scattering of unpolarized radiation by electrons are computed. The results for corrections ascribable to virtual photons are finite, relativistically invariant, and valid at all energies, but contain a term which depends logarithmically on an assumed small photon mass λ. A cross section of the same order has also been obtained for double Compton scattering in which one of the emitted photons has an energy small compared to the rest mass of the electron (with the electron initially at rest). This contains a term depending on lnλ which exactly compensates the similar term arising from virtual quanta in all observable cases. Approximations for low and high energies, as well as numerical results, are given. These disagree with results obtained previously by Schafroth.
Neutron Capture Gamma-Rays in Cadmium, Cobalt, and Chlorine

A two-crystal scintillation spectrometer has been used to measure the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectra resulting from the thermal neutron capture in ${\mathrm{Cd}}^{113}$, ${\mathrm{Co}}^{59}$, and ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{35}$. Measurements extended over the range of energies from 0.6 Mev to 4.0 Mev. Several prominent $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-rays were observed. Intensity considerations suggest that cascades involving several of these low energy $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-rays play a dominant part in the decay schemes.
Suppression of adrenal βarrestin1-dependent aldosterone production by ARBs: head-to-head comparison

The known angiotensin II (AngII) physiological effect of aldosterone synthesis and secretion is mediated by either Gq/11 proteins or βarrestin1 (βarr1), both of which can couple to its type 1 receptors (AT1Rs), present in adrenocortical zona glomerulosa (AZG) cell membranes. In the present study, we examined the relative potencies of all the currently used in the clinic AT1R antagonist drugs (angiotensin receptor blockers, ARBs, or sartans) at preventing activation of these two signaling mediators (G proteins and βarrs) at the AngII-bound AT1R and, consequently, at suppression of aldosterone in vitro. All ARBs were found to be potent inhibitors of G protein activation at the AT1R. However, candesartan and valsartan were the most potent at blocking AngII-induced βarr activation at this receptor, among the tetrazolo-biphenyl-methyl derivatives, translating into excellent efficacies at aldosterone suppression in H295R cells. Conversely, irbesartan and losartan were largely G protein-selective inhibitors at the AT1R, with very low potency towards βarr inhibition. As a result, they were very weak suppressors of βarr1-dependent aldosterone production in H295R cells. These findings provide important pharmacological insights into the drug class of ARBs and medicinal chemistry insights for future drug development in the field of AngII antagonism.
Reversal of enantioselectivity in the hydroformylation of styrene with [2S,4S-BDPP]Pt(SnCl3)Cl at high temperature arises from a change in the enantioselective-determining step.

Deuterioformylation of styrene catalyzed by [(2S,4S)-BDPP]Pt(SnCl3)Cl at 39 °C gave 3-phenylpropanal (3) and 2-phenylpropanal (2) (n:i = 1.8, 71% ee (S)-2) with deuterium only β to the aldehyde carbonyl and in the formyl group. Small amounts of deuterium were also found in the internal (2.8%), cis terminal (1.4%), and trans terminal (1.3%) vinyl positions of the recovered styrene. Deuterioformylation of styrene at 98 °C gave 3- (3) and 2-phenylpropanal (2) (n:i = 2.3, 10% ee (R)-2) with deuterium both α and β to the aldehyde carbonyl and in the formyl group. Deuterium was also found in the internal (20%), cis terminal (12%), and trans terminal (12%) vinyl positions of the recovered styrene. These deuterioformylation results establish that platinum hydride addition to styrene is largely irreversible at 39 °C but reversible at 98 °C. Hydroformylation of (E)- and (Z)-β-deuteriostyrene at 40 °C, followed by oxidation of the aldehydes to acids, and subsequent derivitization to the (S)-mandelate esters confirme...
Power Equations: A New Concept in the Description and Evaluation of Microwave Systems

In the existing art, the description and evaluation of microwave systems is usually in terms of the complex wave amplitudes in the (assumed) uniform waveguide by which the components are interconnected. The interrelationships among these amplitudes are given by the scattering equations or indirectly by impedance parameters. This paper introduces an alternative description, based on power equations, where the basic parameter is the net power in the waveguide of interest. Compared with the circuit description, there is a substantial suppression of detail and the remaining parameters are placed in better perspective. In particular, the technique provides a simplified method of describing and evaluating mismatch corrections, in which the precision connector and uniform waveguide requirements have been eliminated.
Inhibitors of DNA polymerase β : Activity and mechanism

Abstract Bioassay-guided fractionation of extracts prepared from Couepia polyandra and Edgeworthia gardneri resulted in the isolation of the DNA polymerase β (pol β) inhibitors oleanolic acid (1), edgeworin (2), betulinic acid (3), and stigmasterol (4). Study of these pol β inhibitors revealed that three of them inhibited both the lyase and polymerase activities of DNA polymerase β, while stigmasterol inhibited only the lyase activity. Further investigation indicated that the four inhibitors had substantially different effects on the DNA–pol β binary complex that is believed to be an obligatory intermediate in the lyase reaction. It was found that the inhibitors potentiated the inhibitory action of the anticancer drug bleomycin in cultured A549 cells, without any influence on the expression of pol β in the cells. The results of the unscheduled DNA synthesis assay support the thesis that the potentiation of bleomycin cytotoxicity by DNA pol β inhibitors was a result of an inhibition of DNA repair synthesis.
Synthesis of millimeter-long vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays on aluminum oxide buffer prepared by layer-by-layer assembly of boehmite nanoplates

Abstract To synthesize vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VA-CNT) arrays longer than a millimeter using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), aluminum oxide buffer has to be deposited on supporting substrates to prevent diffusion and aggregation of catalyst nanoparticles. Currently, reliable deposition has to be made using expensive and time-consuming e-beam evaporation or thermal sputtering. Here, we report a simple, low-cost, and scalable method for buffer preparation using layer-by-layer assembly of boehmite nanoplates followed by thermal annealing. On top of buffer prepared using this method, we have grown VA-CNT arrays consisting of CNTs with a length of 1.3(±0.1) mm, an inner diameter of 5.6(±1.3) nm, and a wall number of 4(±1) by using CVD with iron as catalyst and ethylene as carbon source.
Behavior and weight changes in three obese adolescents

The present study explored the relationships between treatment strategies, changes in eating behaviors and home environments, and weight loss. Two obese females were trained in weight management techniques over 10 weeks. Treatment for S2 was lagged 1 week behind treatment for S1. A third subject received a placebo treatment to control for the reactive effects of therapist contact and observation. Changes in eating behaviors and home environments were measured using self-reports and observations in the subjects' homes by nonparticipant observers. Ss 1 and 2 lost 21 and 11.5 pounds respectively, while S3 gained 5 pounds. Ss 1 and 2 showed different behavior changes: S1 modified variables associated with the home environment, food portions, and exercise, while S2 changed eating behaviors and food service. These outcomes suggest that behavioral prescriptions are associated with weight loss and that treatments tailored to individuals on the basis of behavior analyses may be useful.
ESTIMATING STAGE SURVIVAL FROM RECRUITMENT AND DENSITY DATA, WITH REFERENCE TO EGG MORTALITY IN THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE, LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (SAY) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELDIAE)

Stage survival is typically calculated from estimates of numbers entering two successive life stages. We present a method that estimates stage survival by reference to the difference between directly measured recruitment to the stage and the estimate of recruitment obtained from Southwood and Jepson’s graphical technique. The method assumes mortality is constant within the stage. The method is applied to two generations (at two sites) of the egg stage of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and the predicted stage survivals are compared, for two generations, with direct field measurements of egg mortality.
STAT3 is activated by JAK2 independent of key oncogenic driver mutations in non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Constitutive activation of STAT3 is a common feature in many solid tumors including non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). While activation of STAT3 is commonly achieved by somatic mutations to JAK2 in hematologic malignancies, similar mutations are not often found in solid tumors. Previous work has instead suggested that STAT3 activation in solid tumors is more commonly induced by hyperactive growth factor receptors or autocrine cytokine signaling. The interplay between STAT3 activation and other well-characterized oncogenic “driver” mutations in NSCLC has not been fully characterized, though constitutive STAT3 activation has been proposed to play an important role in resistance to various small-molecule therapies that target these oncogenes. In this study we demonstrate that STAT3 is constitutively activated in human NSCLC samples and in a variety of NSCLC lines independent of activating KRAS or tyrosine kinase mutations. We further show that genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of the gp130/JAK2 signaling pathway disrupts activation of STAT3. Interestingly, treatment of NSCLC cells with the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib has no effect on cell proliferation and viability in two-dimensional culture, but inhibits growth in soft agar and xenograft assays. These data demonstrate that JAK2/STAT3 signaling operates independent of known driver mutations in NSCLC and plays critical roles in tumor cell behavior that may not be effectively inhibited by drugs that selectively target these driver mutations.
Phytochemistry and traditional medicine—The revolution continues

Abstract The use of traditional medicines, phytotherapeuticals, and dietary supplements, should be based on quality, safety, efficacy, and consistency (QSEC). Evidence relating to each of those facets of a plant-based medicine is being hampered, in part, by fourteen myths. While these myths are both powerful and persistent, they must be debunked for significant progress to be made in enhancing integrated global health care. This paper, an update on an earlier report, will examine these myths, and the roles that phytochemistry should play in this process. Some examples of the use of the new strategies will be presented from the contemporary literature, together with a brief summary of a clinical trial of a traditional medicine treatment for obesity, and a summary of activities in the European Union to address issues related to the approval and marketing of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) products.
Exploring Consumer and Retailer Exchange in Rural Communities: Part I

In Part I of the authors' exploration, the social exchange tenet of reciprocity first emerged as a strong theme in both rural consumers' and retailers' focus group discussions. Reciprocity was defined as the degree to which individuals in the community and its marketplace expected cooperative action. The authors then pursued the theme of reciprocity in a second study using a mail survey of rural retailers. Findings suggested that rural retailers' level of satisfaction with their business was significantly associated with their level of satisfaction with reciprocity in local marketplace exchange relationships. In Part II, the authors explore rural Nebraska consumers' responses to mail survey questions focusing on specific types of reciprocity and find that satisfaction with interpersonal or community reciprocity, along with social and economic motivations, were significantly related to consumers' intention to shop with local retailers in the marketplace. This study incorporated controls for social desirability as a possible source of bias.