cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Gate Overlap and Source/Drain Doping Gradient on 10-nm CMOS Performance

This brief investigates the effect of gate overlap and source/drain (S/D) doping gradient on the switching delay of prospective 10-nm CMOS digital circuits. A two-dimensional mixed-mode simulation is used to extract switching delays, taking both the resistance (series) and capacitance (overlap) effects into account. It is shown that for abrupt S/D profiles, optimum performance is obtained at a gate overlap of about 1 nm/edge, depending on the capacitive loading. Underlap is undesirable due to current degradation from the ungated region. It is further shown that a graded S/D doping profile degrades the switching performance. For the same OFF current, a doping gradient les 3 nm/dec is required to avoid significant degradation of switching delays under optimum gate overlap conditions
Four-year longitudinal performance of a population-based sample of healthy children on a neuropsychological battery: the NIH MRI study of normal brain development.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Study of Normal Brain Development is a landmark study in which structural and metabolic brain development and behavior are followed longitudinally from birth to young adulthood in a population-based sample of healthy children. Cross-sectional findings from the neuropsychological test battery have been previously described (Waber et al., 2007). The present report details 4-year longitudinal neuropsychological outcomes for those children who were aged 6 to 18 years at baseline (N = 383), of whom 219 (57.2%) completed all 3 visits. Primary observations were (1) individual children displayed considerable variation in scores across visits on the same measures; (2) income-related differences were more prominent in the longitudinal than in the cross-sectional data; (3) no association between cognitive and behavioral measures and body mass index; and (4) several measures showed practice effects, despite the 2-year interval between visits. These data offer an unparalleled opportunity to observe normative performance and change over time on a set of standard and commonly used neuropsychological measures in a population-based sample of healthy children. They thus provide important background for the use and interpretation of these instruments in both research settings and clinical practice. (JINS, 2012, 18, 179–190)
Performance of hydrophilic glass fiber media to separate dispersed water drops from ultra low sulfur diesel supplemented by vibrations

Abstract Separation of dispersed water droplets in diesel fuel has received attention in the automotive, aviation, and petrochemical industries. In fuels, especially diesel, water causes corrosion of sensitive engine parts, promotes microbial growth, and can plug injection systems. In this work, we use glass fiber coalescing filters augmented with vibrations to separate the water drops from Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel. As a water–diesel emulsion enters a fibrous filter, the water droplets can be captured or filtered by the fibers. Ensuing droplets carried by the diesel collide with the prior droplets and coalesce to form larger drops. Externally generated vibrations promote the aggregation of water drops on the fibers and the subsequent release of enlarged drops, thus improving the fibrous fiber filtration efficiency. This work discusses fabrication, characterization, effects of vibration direction, and experimental results. Water separation experiments showed that glass fiber mats improved water separation by vibration, especially at frequency 100 Hz in the horizontal direction, with water removal efficiencies reaching beyond 95%, as compared to efficiency of about 69% for glass fiber media without vibration.
Speeding up Color-Based Retrieval in Multimedia Database Management Systems that Store Images as Sequences of Editing Operations

Typically, multimedia database management systems process content-based image retrieval queries by extracting a set of features from each data object as it is inserted into the underlying database. By expressing queries that are based upon these features, users are able to retrieve the data objects back from the database. Previous research has demonstrated that one method of improving the effectiveness of similarity searches in such systems is to augment the underlying database with a set of edited images to allow more flexible matching. Space can be saved by storing the additional images as sequences of editing operations instead of as large binary objects. This paper proposes an approach for processing retrieval queries in such an environment and presents the results of a performance evaluation demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach.
Purification and Substrate Specificity of the Human Erythrocyte Aminophospholipid Transporter

The asymmetric transmembrane distribution of phospholipids across biological membranes is maintained by a combination of slow transmembrane flip-flop, cytoskeletalprotein interactions and protein-mediated inward transport of aminophospholipids. These latter proteins are members of a growing class of transporters, or flippases, that catalyze the transmembrane transport of phospholipids (Devaux and Zachowski, 1993). The aminophospholipid flippase selectively transports phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to the cytofacial surface of the membrane. The flippase is Mg2+-ATP-dependent and is inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents, vanadate and Ca2+ (Daleke and Huestis, 1985; Bitbol, et al., 1987; Connor and Schroit, 1988). This transporter demonstrates a high degree of specificity for its lipid substrate. The amine functionality is essential; acylation of the amine group of PS prevents transport by the flippase (Morrot, et al., 1989; Drummond and Daleke, 1994) and N-methylation of PE reduces transport of this lipid (Morrot, et al., 1989). Only the natural sn-1,2 glycerol isomer of PS is a substrate; the sn-2,3 isomer of PS is not transported in fibroblasts (Martin and Pagano, 1987). In contrast, the flippase is insensitive to acyl chain length (Daleke and Huestis, 1985) and is relatively insensitive to acyl chain composition.1 These characteristics allow the inclusion of spin labeled (Seigneuret and Devaux, 1984), short chain (Daleke and Huestis, 1985), fluorescent (Connor and Schroit, 1987) or radiolabeled (Tilley, et al., 1986; Daleke and Huestis, 1989; Anzai et al., 1993) fatty acid as reporter groups for the measurement of lipid transport in intact membranes.
Commentary: what Lapita is and what Lapita isn't

The essays in this special section on early settlement in Island Southeast Asia may be puzzling to readers of Antiquity who are uninitiated to the ways and concerns of archaeologists working in the Pacific. Some of these authors appear almost reluctant to draw conclusions from the evidence they survey. Others champion their own interpretations unequivocally. What is going on here? It may be, as some say, that academics are by nature a quarrelsome lot. Even so, why is the Lapita cultural complex ‘ever a hot source of debate’ (Bellwood & Koon, above, p. 613)? The essays published here may lack the direct cantankerousness of face-to-face confronat international symposia and professional meetings, but they reinforce the suggestion made in Antiquity a year ago that archaeologists in the Pacific today have come to a crossroads where we often find ourselves talking past each other because we are no longer in general agreement on what is interesting about Pacific prehistory and why (Terrell 1988).
Natural killers in the brain's nursery.

A previously unknown mechanism contributes to dysfunction of the neurogenic niche during CNS autoimmunity. Natural killer cells are retained specifically in the subventricular zone in chronic disease, killing stem cells and promoting pathology.
Following Data and a Giant: Remembering Ted Eisenberg

The Board of Editors dedicates this issue of the Cornell Law Review to Theodore Eisenberg (1947-2014), the Henry Allen Mark Professor of Law and Adjunct Professor of Statistical Sciences at Cornell Law School. Professor Eisenberg taught at Cornell Law School for thirty-three years. In memory of his contribution to law and to Cornell Law School, we offer a number of tributes.
Endogenous vasoconstrictor tone in intestine of normal and portal hypertensive rats

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of endogenous norepinephrine, vasopressin (AVP), and angiotensin II (ANG II) on normal intestinal microvascular dimensions and to determine whether endogenous vasoconstrictor tone was altered in chronic portal hypertension. The intestine of normal and portal hypertensive rats was prepared for in vivo microscopic observation, and an arteriole (1A, 2A, or 3A) was selected for study. Arteriolar diameter and erythrocyte velocity were continuously monitored and used in the calculation of arteriolar blood flow. Once steady-state conditions were established, specific antagonists to alpha-adrenergic, AVP, or ANG II receptors were applied locally to remove the influences of each of these systems. In normal animals, blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptors produced a 1.3, 1.5, and 14.7% increase in the diameter of 1A, 2A, and 3A, respectively. AVP blockade in normal animals produced an 8.7, 1.6, and 1.5% increase in the diameter of 1A, 2A, and 3A, respectively; ANG II blockade only produced an increase in 3A diameter (5.8%). alpha-Adrenergic blockade produced a smaller increase in portal hypertensive 3A diameter (2.3%) compared with normal rats. AVP and ANG II blockade produced a significantly larger dilation of 3A (AVP, 4.8%) and 1A (ANG II, 3.8%), respectively, compared with control. Plasma AVP and ANG II levels were higher in portal hypertensive (AVP, 9.1 pg/ml; ANG II, 8.6 pg/ml) than in normal rats (AVP, 5.5 pg/ml; ANG II, 6.6 pg/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Neural transcription factors bias cleavage stage blastomeres to give rise to neural ectoderm.

Summary The decision by embryonic ectoderm to give rise to epidermal versus neural derivatives is the result of signaling events during blastula and gastrula stages. However, there also is evidence in Xenopus that cleavage stage blastomeres contain maternally derived molecules that bias them toward a neural fate. We used a blastomere explant culture assay to test whether maternally deposited transcription factors bias 16-cell blastomere precursors of epidermal or neural ectoderm to express early zygotic neural genes in the absence of gastrulation interactions or exogenously supplied signaling factors. We found that Foxd4l1, Zic2, Gmnn, and Sox11 each induced explants made from ventral, epidermis-producing blastomeres to express early neural genes, and that at least some of the Foxd4l1 and Zic2 activities are required at cleavage stages. Similarly, providing extra Foxd4l1 or Zic2 to explants made from dorsal, neural plate-producing blastomeres significantly increased the expression of early neural genes, whereas knocking down either significantly reduced them. These results show that maternally delivered transcription factors bias cleavage stage blastomeres to a neural fate. We demonstrate that mouse and human homologs of Foxd4l1 have similar functional domains compared to the frog protein, as well as conserved transcriptional activities when expressed in Xenopus embryos and blastomere explants. genesis 54:334–349, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pneumocephalus secondary to cerebrospinal fluid leak associated with a lumbar pressure ulcer in a man with paraplegia.

Background: Pneumocephalus is a well-known condition following head trauma, but is uncommon in injuries or surgeries of the spine. Even more unusual is its occurrence in association with an eroding...
Comparison of 2-Drug and 3-Drug Immunosuppression for Cadaveric Renal Transplantation

AbstractWe compare the results in recipients of cadaveric renal allografts immunosuppressed with cyclosporine and prednisone to those who received immunosuppression with cyclosporine, azathioprine and prednisone. The 2 groups were compared relative to HLA-ABDR matching, plasma reactive antibodies, cold ischemia time, diabetes as a cause of renal failure and recipient age greater than 50 years. The incidences of clinical allograft rejection and grafts lost to rejection were not significantly different in these 2 groups evaluated at 1 year. In the 2-drug immunosuppressed group the actual 3, 6 and 12-month graft function was 87, 86 and 85%, respectively, compared to 79, 78 and 74%, respectively, in the 3-drug immunosuppressed group. A difference in graft survival was due to graft loss secondary to vascular thrombosis and patient death, and not to immunological events.No advantage was demonstrated for the use of 3-drug immunosuppression for kidney allografts over a 2-drug protocol of cyclosporine and predniso...
A Curious Curriculum Component: The Nonmandated "Given" of Field Seminar

Purported to integrate theory and practice, field seminars are a neglected area of pedagogical analysis in social work education. Most BSW programs contain seminar components although they are not required by accreditation standards. The authors conducted this research to examine the prevalence, purposes, and practices of BSW field integration seminars. Data were gathered from course descriptions published on the Web sites of undergraduate programs accredited by the Council on Social Work Education and a nationwide survey of BSW field directors. Findings indicate that field seminar is a ubiquitous curriculum component, with wide variation in conceptualization, format, and design; however, there are some striking commonalities in stated purposes, teaching/learning methods, and assignments. Findings also suggest seminars constitute a valued instructional modality in social work education, occupying a unique curricular space in BSW programs. Implications for curriculum development and further pedagogical exa...
Assessing the Economic Impacts of Local Food System Producers by Scale: A Case Study From New York

Policy makers and economic developers are increasingly interested in the impacts of local food systems, yet attempts to obtain accurate estimates are often complicated by a lack of available data. Utilizing a unique data set from producers in New York, the authors examine the extent of differential purchasing and sales patterns for small-scale direct agriculture (SDA) producers. The supplemental data are integrated into a regional input–output model to assess the total effects and distributional implications of equivalent policies targeted to agriculture sectors. The authors demonstrate that SDA producers have different expenditure patterns than other agricultural producers and, for equivalent policy shocks targeted toward agriculture industry expansion, have lower total employment and output impacts but higher effects on labor income and total value added than non-SDA producers. The results underscore the importance of collecting appropriate data for analysis and outline the local economic benefits of sm...
Assessment of Social Anxiety and Social Phobia

Publisher Summary Social anxiety is a universal phenomenon. When the level of anxiety, avoidance, and impairment in functioning reaches clinical proportions, a diagnosis of social anxiety disorder (SAD) (also known as SP)—and possibly APD—is made. The assessment methods described in this chapter can be used for assessing subdiagnostic social anxiety as well as SAD per se. Assessment measures for social anxiety have typically been divided into two broad groups: behavioral assessment methods, which include role-playing procedures and self-monitoring, and cognitive assessment procedures, including thought-listing and information-processing paradigms. Primary among these is the fact that whether any given measure is considered a behavioral or a cognitive assessment procedure is more a function of one's theoretical perspective than of the measure itself. The chapter elects various assessment procedures to organize according to the methodology of the procedure. Many of the tools described can be used for different purposes depending on one's goals (e.g., treatment planning in a clinical context, psychopathology research) and one's theoretical orientation (e.g., behaviorist, mediational, cognitivist). The chapter begins by describing a clinical interview, with particular attention to structured clinical interviews. This is followed by a review of the most commonly used self-report questionnaires for social anxiety. Role-playing procedures are then described, followed in turn by self-monitoring and thought-listing techniques. Finally, psychophysiological assessment is discussed briefly.
A Surgical Model of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis With Histological and Gait Validation

Background: Posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is secondary to an array of joint injuries. Animal models are useful tools for addressing the uniqueness of PTOA progression in each type of joint injury and developing strategies for PTOA prevention and treatment.
Differential regulation and function of SP-A1 and SP-A2: Proteins of lung innate immunity

S protein A(SP-A) plays an important role in innate immunity and surfactant-related functions. Dysregulation of immunity and/or surfactant function occur in most pulmonary diseases. Because levels and genetic variants of the surfactant protein A have been associated with susceptibility in several pulmonary diseases it is imperative that we understand their regulatory mechanisms with the hope of identifying points of therapeutic intervention. Two functional genes (hSP-A1; hSP-A2) encode SP-A in humans, and several genetic and splice variants have been identified for each gene. Functional and regulatory differences have been observed between hSP-A1 and hSP-A2. Both 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions (UTR) play important roles in the translational regulation and mRNA stability of SP-A1 and SP-A2. The 5’UTRs exhibit alternative splicing of untranslated exons resulting in different splice variants for hSP-A1 and hSP-A2, and the 3’UTRs exhibit sequence variability. The SP-A2 ABD/ABD’ 5’UTR contains exon B (eB) which is absent from the SP-A1 AD 5’UTR. eB is an enhancer of transcription and translation and contains cis regulatory elements. Specific trans-acting factors including several members of the 14-3-3 family of proteins bind eB and inhibition of specific members of the 14-3-3 family results in a decrease of the SP-A2 protein, but not SPA1, indicating the role and specificity of 14-3-3 in the differential regulation of SP-A1 and SP-A2. Polymorphisms at the 3’UTR are involved in the regulation of SP-A1 and SP-A2 variants as these provide differential binding sites for miRNAs, noncoding RNAs, shown previously to regulate gene expression by affecting mRNA stability and/or translation. The available data indicate that both 5’ and 3’UTR are important regulators of SP-A1 and SP-A2 as these contain cis-elements for trans-acting protein and/ or miRNA binding. A better understanding of the SP-A1 and SP-A2 may provide points for therapeutic intervention in disease where there is an SP-A-dependent derangement of innate immunity and/or surfactant. Because SP-A variants differentially affect the function and protein expression profile of the alveolar macrophage, the sentinel cell of lung innate immunity, the knowledge gained may further help to better understand macrophage functions such as phagocytosis and clearance of bacteria and inflammatory processes.
Can Biofortified Crops Help Attain Food Security

Malnutrition, or “hidden hunger,” continues to linger throughout the developing world. This is partially the result of a lack of access to a diversified diet. A burgeoning human population and the advent of climate change have resulted in the forecast of increases in food insecurity for at risk populations. The following report describes the use of agricultural biotechnology to generate crops which are biofortified with vitamins and minerals. Crops designed through biotechnology that possess additional health benefits such as preventing the onset of non-communicable diseases including hypertension and cancer are also presented. Examples of several biofortified and nutritionally enhanced crops are provided. The report ends with a discussion of the state of these technologies in the world today and their prospects for improving global food security.
Count-based listmode respiratory motion detection for quantitative PET

Respiratory motion can cause the image quality degradation and inaccurate quantification for nuclear imaging. This study is to propose a respiratory motion detection method that the motion of internal organs can be directly detected from their own motion instead of using a surrogate structure such as diaphragm to represent the motion of every organ.
Fabrication of diisopropylammonium bromide aligned microcrystals with in-plane uniaxial polarization

Textured arrays of ferroelectric microcrystals of diisopropylammonium bromide were grown from solution at room temperature onto silicon substrates and studied by means of x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy, and piezoresponse force microscopy. The needle-shaped crystals had dimensions of approximately 50 µm × 5 µm in the plane and were approximately 200 nm thick, where the dimensions and arrangement were influenced by growth conditions. The observations suggest an Ostwald ripening mechanism of the microcrystal growth. The crystals had the structure of the ferroelectric phase, where the polarization axis was in-plane and parallel to the long axis of the crystals. The in-plane polarization could be switched at will with a scanning probe tip bias of 15 V and could be arranged in stable domain patterns with both charged and uncharged 180° domain walls.
The Rohingya people of Myanmar: health, human rights, and identity

Summary The Rohingya people of Myanmar (known as Burma before 1989) were stripped of citizenship in 1982, because they could not meet the requirement of proving their forefathers settled in Burma before 1823, and now account for one in seven of the global population of stateless people. Of the total 1·5 million Rohingya people living in Myanmar and across southeast Asia, only 82 000 have any legal protection obtained through UN-designated refugee status. Since 2012, more than 159 000 people, most of whom are Rohingya, have fled Myanmar in poorly constructed boats for journeys lasting several weeks to neighbouring nations, causing hundreds of deaths. We outline historical events preceding this complex emergency in health and human rights. The Rohingya people face a cycle of poor infant and child health, malnutrition, waterborne illness, and lack of obstetric care. In December, 2014, a UN resolution called for an end to the crisis. We discuss the Myanmar Government's ongoing treatment of Rohingya through the lens of international law, and the steps that the newly elected parliament must pursue for a durable solution.
A Social Practice Prioritarian Response to Allen Buchanan’s The Heart of Human Rights

Allen Buchanan’s ‘The Heart of Human Rights’ addresses the moral justification of the international legal human rights system (ILHRS). Buchanan identifies two functions of the ILHRS: a well-being function and a status egalitarian function. Because Buchanan assumes that the well-being function is sufficientarian, he augments it with a status egalitarian function. However, if the well-being function is utilitarian or prioritarian, there is no need for a separate status egalitarian function, because the status egalitarian function can be subsumed by the utilitarian or prioritarian well-being function.
Pragmatism and Human Resource Development: Practical Foundations for Research, Theory, and Practice

This article explores a perspective of Human Resource Development grounded in Pragmatist philosophy and emerging theories of Practice. Pragmatism focuses on the practical outcomes of what we think ...
Let Me Tell You a Story!: Effects of Electronic Word-of-Mouth on Brand Value Co-Creation and Brand Trust in Social Media

Little empirical research has been conducted to demonstrate the role of eWOM in brand value co-creation or brand trust change. Further, whether this brand value co-creation and brand trust change resulting from SNS-based brand eWOM actually lead to consumers’ purchase decision making is largely unknown. This study addresses these literature gaps through empirical research based on See-To and Ho’s (2014) model which theorized the inter-relationship between value co-creation, brand trust, and eWOM.
Association Between a Virtual Glucose Management Service and Glycemic Control in Hospitalized Adult Patients: An Observational Study

Background Inpatient hyperglycemia is common and is linked to adverse patient outcomes. New methods to improve glycemic control are needed. Objective To determine whether a virtual glucose management service (vGMS) is associated with improved inpatient glycemic control. Design Cross-sectional analyses of three 12-month periods (pre-vGMS, transition, and vGMS) between 1 June 2012 and 31 May 2015. Setting 3 University of California, San Francisco, hospitals. Patients All nonobstetric adult inpatients who underwent point-of-care glucose testing. Intervention Hospitalized adult patients with 2 or more glucose values of 12.5 mmol/L or greater (≥225 mg/dL) (hyperglycemic) and/or a glucose level less than 3.9 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL) (hypoglycemic) in the previous 24 hours were identified using a daily glucose report. Based on review of the insulin/glucose chart in the electronic medical record, recommendations for insulin changes were entered in a vGMS note, which could be seen by all clinicians. Measurements Proportion of patient-days classified as hyperglycemic, hypoglycemic, and at-goal (all measurements ≥3.9 and ≤10 mmol/L [≥70 and ≤180 mg/dL] during the pre-vGMS, transition, and vGMS periods). Results The proportion of hyperglycemic patients decreased by 39%, from 6.6 per 100 patient-days in the pre-vGMS period to 4.0 per 100 patient-days in the vGMS period (difference, -2.5 [95% CI, -2.7 to -2.4]). The hypoglycemic proportion in the vGMS period was 36% lower than in the pre-vGMS period (difference, -0.28 [CI, -0.35 to -0.22]). Forty severe hypoglycemic events (<2.2 mmol/L [<40 mg/dL]) occurred during the pre-vGMS period compared with 15 during the vGMS period. Limitation Information was not collected on patients' concurrent illnesses and treatment or physicians' responses to the vGMS notes. Conclusion Implementation of the vGMS was associated with decreases in hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Primary Funding Source National Institutes of Health, the Wilsey Family Foundation, and the UCSF Clinical & Translational Science Institute.
Nonsurgical Management of Urinary Incontinence in Older Women

Urinary incontinence is highly prevalent and very costly. Proper detection and evaluation of urinary incontinence can facilitate appropriate treatment options for older women. Our goal is to discuss first-line, nonsurgical management of urinary incontinence in older women. We include behavioral, lifestyle, and pharmacologic management options. Behavioral treatment options represent first-line treatments and have efficacy data for all types of urinary incontinence. Behavioral treatments include pelvic floor muscle exercises, strategies for controlling stress and urgency symptoms, bladder training, and lifestyle interventions. Pharmacologic treatment options are available for urgency and mixed urinary incontinence which include antimuscarinics and β-3 adrenoreceptor agonists. Emerging data exists for vaginal estrogen use and pharmacologic treatments among frail, older women. Pharmacologic therapies have specific considerations when using in frail or cognitively impaired women who are more susceptible to adverse drug events. Efficacious management options exist for older women with urinary incontinence. Given overall poor adherence rates to incontinence treatments among all women, older women should be monitored closely for response to management options, and referral considered when indicated.
Inherited Thrombophilias in Pregnancy

Inherited thrombophilias are associated with arterial and venous clots, as well as fetal loss. Risk for thromboembolic events with these conditions is increased significantly in the setting of a personal history or a family history of a venous thrombosis. Inherited thrombophilias are classified as low or high risk for thrombotic events during pregnancy [1].
A memory optimized mersenne-twister random number generator

Random number generators (RNGs) are an integral component of numerous stochastic simulation methods, with applications in diverse scientific disciplines. Recently, stochastic simulation methods are being increasingly implemented on FPGAs for improved performance. Consequently, efficient RNG implementations are essential to successfully realize stochastic simulation methods on FPGAs. We present a memory optimized architecture of the prominent Mersenne-Twister RNG (MT-RNG) for efficient implementation on FPGAs. Our approach leverages the different memory constructs available on an FPGA device to reduce the memory requirements of our architecture by upto 50% over existing designs in published literature. Furthermore, we perform an out-of-order computation of random numbers to reduce the hardware area of our MT-RNG implementation, and compare the hardware metrics of our proposed architecture with the existing implementations on different FPGA platforms.
Dismay and Disappointment: Parental Involvement of Latino Immigrant Parents

Parental involvement in schools has become more popular over the past decade due to Goals 2000 and research suggesting that student academic success increases when parents are included in the education of their children. Although researchers have examined the issue of parents and schools, limited research on parental involvement has been conducted within immigrant communities. Latino immigrant parents within a predominantly Latino community in California were interviewed. Although the community has strong Latino roots, these immigrant parents believed the schools do not listen or care to listen to their needs as parents. The parents in this study desired to be a part of their children's education, but forces within their children's school prevented them from doing so. The parents wished that teachers would be available to speak about grades, be able to find interpreters during open house and at other times throughout the school day, and communicate with the parents when their child is in need of assistance. Due to the apparent walls that had been established within the school's structure, the parents in this study felt abandoned and helpless while trying to gain information regarding their children's education. Parents in this study were so passionate about their stories that they pleaded with the researcher to let their story be heard in the researchers' teacher education courses so future teachers would know how immigrant parents felt.
The Permissive Nature of Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) Opening in Edema Formation Following Traumatic Brain Injury

The contribution of blood brain barrier opening to traumatic brain edema is not known. This study compares the course of traumatic BBB disruption and edema formation, with the hypothesis that they are not obligately related. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: Group A (n = 47) - Impact Acceleration (IAM); Group B (n = 104) - lateral cortical impact (CCI); Group C (n = 26) - IAM + hypoxia & hypotension (THH). BBB integrity was assessed using iv markers (Evan’s Blue, or gadolinium-DTPA). Edema formation was evaluated with gravimetry, and T1-weighted MRI.
A scalable framework for the interoperation of information sources

Resolving heterogeneity among information systems is a crucial problem if we wish to gain value from the many distributed resources available to us. Problems of heterogeneity in hardware, operating systems, and data structures have been widely addressed, but issues of diverse semantics have been handled mainly in an ad-hoc fashion. In this paper, we present ONION, a system based a scalable approach to interoperation of information systems by articulating their associated ontologies. An articulation focuses on the semantically relevant intersection of information resources with respect to a type of application. However, ontologies obtained from diverse sources are represented using different conceptual models. We have designed a simple intermediate conceptual model - the ONION conceptual model - that we use to transform ontologies into before we generate semantic correspondences or articulations between them. In ONION, application-dependent articulation rules that capture the correspondence between concepts in different ontologies are established between source ontologies semi-automatically. Finally we present an ontology algebra, based on the articulation rules, for the composition of ontologies.
Intramolecular Nitro-Aromatic Interactions Within a Molecular Torsion Balance: A Quantitative Assessment

Interactions between a nitro group and an aromatic ring have been identified as an important aspect within the solid-state structures of many energetic materials. We investigated nitro-aromatic interactions within a molecular “torsion balance”, both in solid-state as well as in solution. Our balance features a Troger’s base and a nitroalkene functionality substituted at 1 and 8 positions of a naphthalene ring. Because of restricted rotation around a biaryl axis, the balance can adapt two principal atropisomeric conformations: folded and unfolded. Intramolecular nitro-aromatic interactions are feasible only in the folded state. A torsion balance containing a highly electron deficient aromatic ring crystallized in the folded state leading to the formation of a short (<3.4 A) intramolecular NO···aromatic contact. On the other hand, with an electron rich aromatic, the balance crystallized in the unfolded conformation in which the nitro group avoids the aromatic surface. In solution, the strength of the intera...
The relationship between parent–young adult religious concord and depression

The study’s purpose was to evaluate the relationship between depressive symptoms in emerging adults (ages 18–24) and religious concordance/discordance with their parents (n = 161 dyads). Online sur...
Differentiation of Adipose Tissue-Derived CD34+/CD31- Cells into Endothelial Cells In Vitro.

In this study, CD34+/CD31- progenitor cells were isolated from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue using magnetic activated cell sorting. The endothelial differentiation capability of these cells in vitro was evaluated by culturing them in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced medium for 14 days. Viability, proliferation, differentiation and tube formation of these cells were evaluated. Cell viability study revealed that both undifferentiated and endothelial differentiated cells remained healthy for 14 days. However, the proliferation rate was higher in undifferentiated cells compared to endothelial differentiated ones. Upregulation of endothelial characteristic genes (Von Willebrand Factor (vWF) and VE Cadherin) was observed in 2D culture. However, PECAM (CD31) was only found to be upregulated after the cells had formed tube-like structures in 3D Matrigel culture. These results indicate that adipose derived CD34+/CD31- cells when cultured in VEGF induced medium, are capable differentiation into endothelial-like lineages. Tube formation of the cells started 3h after seeding the cells on Matrigel and formed more stable and connected network 24 h post seeding in presence of VEGF.
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Adults with Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background Individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) report psychological distress and poor physical functioning and may benefit from mindfulness training. Purpose To examine the effects of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on psychological and physiological measures in adults with CVD using meta-analysis. Methods Comprehensive searches identified studies that (a) evaluated MBIs in adults with CVD or who had experienced a cardiac event, (b) included a comparison condition, and (c) assessed psychological (e.g., anxiety and depression) or physiological (e.g., systolic or diastolic blood pressure [BP]) outcomes. Independent raters coded methodological (e.g., design and quality) and intervention features (e.g., intervention content) as potential moderators. Weighted mean effect sizes (d+), using full information maximum likelihood estimation, were calculated. Results Of the 1,507 records reviewed, 16 studies met inclusion criteria (N = 1,476; M age = 56 years; 40% women). Compared to controls, participants who received an MBI reported greater improvements in psychological outcomes (i.e., anxiety, depression, distress, and perceived stress: d+s = 0.49 to 0.64). MBI recipients also reduced their systolic (d+ = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.26, 1.51; k = 7) but not diastolic (d+ = 0.07, 95% CI = -0.47, 0.60; k = 6) BP relative to controls. Conclusions MBIs demonstrated favorable effects on psychological and physiological outcomes among adults with CVD. Future research should investigate if such benefits lead to improvements in disease outcomes in studies with longer follow-ups.
Myanmar im Aufbruch – Veränderungen in der Medienlandschaft

Das Schlagwort in Myanmar lautet Veranderung, Veranderung nicht nur in Bezug auf die Nutzung von Medien, sondern auch in Bezug auf die Gesellschaft als Ganzes. Seitdem das Land im Jahr 2010 einen Liberalisierungs- und Demokratisierungsprozess begann, verzeichnet Myanmar einen massiven Anstieg an Internet- und Mobilfunknutzern. Im Vergleich zu anderen sudostasiatischen Landern liegt das Land zwar noch weit zuruck, die rasant steigenden Nutzerzahlen lassen jedoch vermuten, dass diese Lucke bald geschlossen werden konnte.
Nematode populations as affected by residue and water management in a long-term wheat-soybean double-crop system in eastern Arkansas

Abstract Soybeans (Glycine max L.) are one of the major row crops in the United States, particularly in Arkansas. The soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is one of the most damaging pests that can cause major economic losses in soybeans. Little is known concerning the combined effects of tillage [conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT)], water management (irrigation and non-irrigation), residue burning (burn and no burn), and wheat residue level (high and low) on nematodes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the combination of agronomic practices (tillage, water management, burning, and residue level) on natural nematode population densities and change over the growing season in a long-term wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-soybean rotation on a silt-loam soil in Arkansas. A suite of 10 nematode genera were measured in the top 10 cm in July, August, and October in 2017 and 2018. Averaged across all other treatment factors, SCN egg concentration was 17.9 times greater at the end of the growing season in October than in July and August. The SCN second-stage juvenile (J2) population densities were 3.4 times greater in the CT-burn than in the CT-no-burn and NT-burn treatment combinations. In contrast to under CT, SCN J2 population densities were 3.8 times greater in the NT-no-burn than under the NT-burn treatment combinations. Lance, lesion, spiral, and stunt nematode population densities were also affected by various field treatment combinations. Traditional (i.e., tillage, residue burning, and irrigation) and alternative (i.e., non-tillage, no burning, and dryland) wheat-soybean management practices can influence nematode population densities even in non-problematic fields, thus potentially affecting long-term strategies to maximize soybean profitability.
SAFE-DNN: A Deep Neural Network With Spike Assisted Feature Extraction For Noise Robust Inference

We present a Deep Neural Network with Spike Assisted Feature Extraction (SAFE-DNN) to improve robustness of classification under stochastic perturbation of inputs. The proposed network augments a DNN with unsupervised learning of low-level features using spiking neural network (SNN) with spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). The complete network learns to ignore local perturbation while performing global feature detection and classification. The experimental results on CIFAR-10 and ImageNet subset demonstrate improved noise robustness for multiple DNN architectures without sacrificing accuracy on clean images.
The association between use of opiates, cocaine, and amphetamines during pregnancy and maternal postpartum readmission in the United States: A retrospective analysis of the Nationwide Readmissions Database.

Abstract Background Substance use during pregnancy has increased in the United States, with adverse consequences for mother and baby. Similarly, postpartum readmission (PPR) imposes physical, emotional, and financial stressors causing disruption to family functioning and childcare. We used national data to estimate the extent to which women who used opiates, cocaine, and amphetamines during pregnancy are at increased risk of PPR. Methods We analyzed 2010–2014 data from the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD). Our exposure, drug use during pregnancy, was identified using diagnosis codes indicative of opioid, cocaine or amphetamine use, abuse, or dependence. The outcome was all-cause PPR, maternal readmission within 42 days following discharge from the delivery hospitalization. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) that represented associations between drug use and PPR. Results Among 11 million delivery hospitalizations, nearly 1 % had documented use of opiates, cocaine and/or amphetamines. The crude PPR rate was nearly four times higher among users (54.6 per 1000) compared to non-users (14.0 per 1000), and 1 in 10 women who had documented use of more than one drug category experienced postpartum readmission. Even after controlling for sociodemographic and clinical confounders, we observed a two-fold increased odds of PPR among users compared to non-users (OR = 1.95; 95 % CI: 1.82, 2.07). Conclusions The national opioid epidemic should encourage a paradigm shift in health care public policy to facilitate the management of all substance use disorders as chronic medical conditions through evidence-based public health initiatives to prevent these disorders, treat them, and promote recovery.
Multiple recurrences of mesenteric narrowing following Ladd procedure

Abstract We describe a case of a six-month old male presenting with recurrent midgut volvulus following two previous Ladd procedures. Despite widening of the mesenteric base during each of the previous operations, the base again appeared narrowed, facilitating the development of a recurrent midgut volvulus. The patient underwent a third Ladd procedure with emphasis placed on widening of the mesenteric base, including division of the gastro-colic ligament to further separate the colon from the duodenum with the intent of preventing any future narrowing and subsequent intestinal volvulus.
Balloons: Plain, Drug-Coated, and Cutting

Arterial angioplasty was first reported by Dotter and Judkins in 1964 for the treatment of peripheral vascular lesions using rigid intravascular dilators. Inflation of an angioplasty balloon in the artery causes dissection of the atherosclerotic plaque and adjacent intima. The medial and adventitial layers are also dilated. This controlled stretch injury increases the cross-sectional area of the vascular lumen. Over several weeks, the artery remodels via re-endothelialization of the intima.
An Integrated Treatment of Psychosomatic Symptoms and Disorders of the Self: The Role of Alexithymia

This paper explores the age-old problem of the mind-body relationship by examining the phenomena of psychosomatic symptoms. It traces the development of several clinical concepts that are relevant ...
Microstructure, mechanical performance, and corrosion behavior of additively manufactured aluminum alloy 5083 with 0.7 and 1.0 wt% Zr addition

Abstract Effect of 0.7 wt% and 1.0 wt% of Zr alloying on the laser powder bed fused (LPBF) printability/buildability of AA5083 alloys was investigated by examination of the microstructure and mechanical property. General corrosion behavior of these Zr-modified AA5083 alloys produced by LPBF in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was also examined and compared to the LPBF AlSi10Mg alloy and AA5083-H131 alloy. Unmodified AA5083 alloy produced by LPBF exhibited extensive solidification cracks, but alloying it with Zr mitigated the cracking due to the grain refinement from the formation of the primary L12-Al3Zr. Moreover, 1.0 wt% of Zr alloying broadened the LPBF processing window compared to the 0.7 wt% of Zr alloying. This slightly higher Zr alloying content also increased the yield strength and enhanced the age-hardening behavior of the LPBF Zr-modified AA5083 alloy. Transmission electron microscopy verified the primary Al3Zr in the as-built alloys responsible for grain refinement, and the secondary Al3Zr after aging for precipitation hardening. The corrosion resistance of both LPBF Zr-modified AA5083 alloys was superior to the LPBF AlSi10Mg and wrought AA5083 alloys, as evidenced by the smaller corrosion current density, larger impedance, and less corroded surface after 168 h of immersion. Minor Zr alloying to AA5083 is an effective approach for designing corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys suitable for LPBF additive manufacturing technology.
PRK Enhancement for Residual Refractive Error After Primary PRK: A Retrospective Study

The efficacy and safety of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) has been well documented, but outcomes of PRK enhancement following PRK remain understudied. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and predictability of PRK enhancement in patients with residual refractive error after primary PRK and compare these results to prior studies as well as Food and Drug Administration (FDA) safety and efficacy clinical endpoints. This non-randomized, retrospective chart analysis included eyes with a history of PRK that underwent PRK enhancement at a single center. Post-enhancement data were documented at 3-month and 1-year visits. Patient characteristics between the study group and a control group who underwent primary PRK only were compared. Safety and efficacy measures included change in uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), change in corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), amount of induced astigmatism, and presence of serious adverse events. A total of 188 eyes from 141 patients were included. When compared to the control group, women underwent PRK enhancement at a higher rate than men (P = 0.004). The group undergoing PRK enhancement had a higher sphere (P = 0.013) and spherical equivalent (P = 0.004) than the control group at the time of primary PRK. MRSE was reduced to − 0.97 ± 0.72 D (− 2.25 to + 2.13 D) from pre-enhancement values of − 0.98 ± 0.66 D (− 2.75 to + 1.75 D) and stable over 12-month visits with 86% and 98% of eyes within ± 0.50 D and ± 1.00 D of target, respectively. UDVA of 20/20 or better was achieved in 75% of eyes. The UDVA of 75% of eyes remained the same or improved by 1 or more Snellen lines compared with pre-enhancement CDVA. Our results demonstrate that, when compared with previous studies, modern PRK enhancement after PRK has improved visual acuity and refractive outcomes. Though PRK enhancement is not an FDA approved procedure, we show that it meets or exceeds the FDA criteria for the correction of refractive error.