cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simple connectedness of projective varieties

A Lefschetz type theorem is proven relating the algebraic fundamental group of a smooth projective variety X to the algebraic fundamental group of a subvariety set theoretically defined by < dim(X) 2 forms. In this paper we prove a generalization of Grothendieck's Lefschetz theorem for complete intersections (SGA2 XII 3.5). Our result is: Theorem 1. Suppose that k is a field, W is a smooth, geometrically connected subvariety of P' of dimension n and Z C W is a closed subscheme set theoretically defined by the vanishing of r forms of Pk on W. 1. If r < n 1 then Z is geometrically connected and there is a surjection 7ri(Z) -* iri(W). 2. If r < n-2, then 7r (Z) _ri (W). Corollary 2. Suppose that k is a field and Z C Pn is a closed subscheme set theoretically defined by r forms. 1. If r < n-1 thern Z is geometrically connected. 2. If r < n 2, then 7r (Z) Gal(k/k) where k is an algebraic closure of k. The corresponding theorem for the topological fundamental group of a complex projective variety follows from Hamm [H] and the Theorem of II 1.2 in [GM]. Their proofs use different methods (Morse theory) and do not extend to positive characteristic. 7r, (X) will denote the algebraic fundamental group of a scheme X. If k is a field, Ik will denote an algebraic closure of k. SIMPLE CONNECTEDNESS Proof of the first half of 1. of Theorem 1. Suppose that r < n -1. Let K be an extension field of k. Let (A, rn) be the local ring of the homogeneous coordinate ring of W ?k K, A be completion at rn. Suppose that Z is set theoretically defined by r forms fl,. .. ,fr E A. r < (n + 1) 2 implies spec(A/(fi,... ,fr)) m is connected by Corollary 4 to Theorem 1 [F], since A is a domain. Hence Z is geometrically connected. Definition 3. A morphism f: X -* Y is separable if f is flat and for any y E Y, X xy k(y) is geometrically reduced over k(y). Received by the editors September 14, 1995. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 14F35, 14E20. Partially supported by NSF. (?)1997 American Mathematical Society
Congestion in the ACTM model

The equilibria of a simplified Asymmetric Cell Transmission Model (ACTM model) and their stability properties are investigated to reveal some patterns of congestion.
Strategies in Smart Service Systems Enabled Multi-sided Markets: Business Models for the Internet of Things

Internet of Things has the potential to disrupt industries through changing products, services, and business models just as the Internet did in the '90s. Machine-to-machine communication is at the core of Internet of Things. Machines that we interact with in everyday life will start interacting with each other, collect data, and even use advances in data technologies to make decisions for us. Organizations, in order to achieve the highest profit, should also redesign their business service models conscientiously around externalities across markets that link through platforms and be specific about which markets to serve. In this research, we aim to build business ownership strategies to further two-sided markets and platforms literature. Herein, we focus on a number of business service models that link four sides of a market, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of network externalities generated by Internet of Things in each model.
Comparative Constitutional Law

The third edition updates its predecessor by including material on important recent developments. In addition to general updating on matters such as gender equality, federalism and affirmative action it expands the treatment of dialogic forms of judicial review. The treatment of constitution-making has been expanded to include discussions of popular participation and of the possibility that constitutional amendments might be held unconstitutional. The book continues to have a substantial discussion of the treatment of emergencies in the world's constitutional systems. The authors also reorganized, updated and expanded: * The chapters on courts and constitutionalism. * Materials on social and economic rights in the last chapter. * The discussion of freedom of expression.
A putative pheromone receptor gene expressed in human olfactory mucosa.

Pheromones elicit specific behavioural responses and physiological alterations in recipients of the same species1. In mammals, these chemical signals are recognized within the nasal cavity by sensory neurons that express pheromone receptors. In rodents, these receptors are thought to be represented by two large multigene families, comprising the V1r and V2r genes, which encode seven-transmembrane proteins2,3,4,5. Although pheromonal effects have been demonstrated in humans6, V1R or V2R counterparts of the rodent genes have yet to be characterized.
Modeling Hard-Disk Power Consumption

Excessive power consumption is a major barrier to the market acceptance of hard disks in mobile electronic devices. Studying and reducing power consumption, however, often involves running time-intensive disk traces on real hardware with specialized power-monitoring equipment. This paper presents Dempsey, a disk simulation environment that includes accurate modeling of disk power consumption. It includes tools to automatically extract performance and power consumption parameters from a given disk drive, without needing detailed specifications from the manufacturer. The tools use stimulus-based measurements to extract these parameters. Dempsey is experimentally validated for two mobile hard disks, namely, the 1 GB IBM Microdrive and the 5 GB Toshiba Type II PC Card HDD. In the worst observed case, Dempsey's estimate of power consumption differs from the measured consumption by 7.5%. This demonstrates that disk power consumption can be simulated both efficiently and accurately.
THE IMPLICATIONS OF FRAMING EFFECTS FOR CITIZEN COMPETENCE

Social scientists have documented framing effects in a wide range of contexts, including surveys, experiments, and actual political campaigns. Many view work on framing effects as evidence of citizen incompetence—that is, evidence that citizens base their preferences on arbitrary information and/or are subject to extensive elite manipulation. Yet, we continue to lack a consensus on what a framing effect is as well as an understanding of how and when framing effects occur. In this article, I examine (1) the different ways that scholars have employed the concepts of framing and framing effects, (2) how framing effects may violate some basic criteria of citizen competence, and (3) what we know about how and when framing effects work. I conclude that while the evidence to date suggests some isolated cases of incompetence, the more general message is that citizens use frames in a competent and well-reasoned manner.
Accommodating Students with Disabilities on Large-Scale Tests: An Experimental Study:

In this study, fourth-grade special and general education students took a large-scale state-wide test using standard test administration procedures and two major accommodations addressing response conditions and test administration. On both reading and math tests, students bubbled in answers on a separate sheet (the standard condition) for half the test and marked the test booklet directly (the accommodated condition) for the other half of the test. For a subgroup of students, the math test was read to them by a trained teacher. Although no differences were found in the response conditions, an interaction was found in the test administration conditions (orally reading the test), supporting this accommodation for students with disabilities.
A genetic test of the mechanism of Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility in Drosophila.

Cytoplasmic bacteria of the genus Wolbachia are best known as the cause of cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI): many uninfected eggs fertilized by Wolbachia-modified sperm from infected males die as embryos. In contrast, eggs of infected females rescue modified sperm and develop normally. Although Wolbachia cause CI in at least five insect orders, the mechanism of CI remains poorly understood. Here I test whether the target of Wolbachia-induced sperm modification is the male pronucleus (e.g., DNA or pronuclear proteins) or some extranuclear factor from the sperm required for embryonic development (e.g., the paternal centrosome). I distinguish between these hypotheses by crossing gynogenetic Drosophila melanogaster females to infected males. Gynogenetic females produce diploid eggs whose normal development requires no male pronucleus but still depends on extranuclear paternal factors. I show that when gynogenetic females are crossed to infected males, uniparental progeny with maternally derived chromosomes result. This finding shows that Wolbachia impair the male pronucleus but no extranuclear component of the sperm.
Characteristics and modelling of PEM fuel cells

PEM fuel cells are being used in a variety of applications including transportation and back-up power systems. The paper presents the complete experimental characteristics of a 1.2kW PEM fuel including its overload capability and dynamic performance. A circuit model for the fuel cell module that can be used to analyze and design fuel-cell power systems is also given. The model includes the mass transport effect and the pressure regulator effect. Simulated characteristics of the fuel cell are compared with the experimental results obtained on a commercial fuel cell.
Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus bacteriuria in a child.

A 5-year-old boy with persistent nocturnal enuresis was found to be infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci. Evaluation showed major urologic abnormalities with significant histologic changes. Review of the literature revealed a paucity of data relative to the pathogenicity of coagulase-negative staphylococci in urinary tract disease. The present case emphasizes that association, calls attention to the significance of persistent nocturnal enuresis and suggests an approach to the evaluation of the child with enuresis.
Reading the career of a Kenyan runner: The case of Tegla Loroupe:

In this article I examine the sport media representations throughout the career of now retired Kenyan distance runner Tegla Loroupe. As part of a larger project to examine media representation of African athletes, Loroupe was chosen because of her preeminence as a marathon runner and place as one of the first female runners from Kenya to achieve international success. While Kenyan and African men have been examined and discussed at length and in various ways for their continued superiority in distance running, there is a lack of such research concerning African women. Thus it is the concern of this article to illuminate the kinds of discourses and representations surrounding Loroupe, specifically as they pertain to women in sport, Kenyans and Africans in sport, and the representation of Africa in Western media. Using the methodology for reading sport critically (McDonald and Birrell, 1999) and drawing upon elements of discourse analysis, this article finds and discusses the complex intersections of gender...
Sulfated and unsulfated steroids modulate γ-aminobutyric acidA receptor function through distinct sites

Sulfated and unsulfated neurosteroids such as pregnenolone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), pregnanolone, and allopregnanolone, modulate ionotropic amino acid neurotransmitter receptors, and may function as endogenous neuromodulators. The gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor exhibits both negative and positive modulation by neurosteroids, but the interaction between negative and positive modulators is not well-understood. For a number of neuroactive steroids, sulfation at C-3 reverses the direction of modulation from positive to negative, suggesting that sulfation could be an important control point for the activity of endogenous neurosteroids. Modulation by endogenous and synthetic steroids of the response to exogenous or synaptically released GABA was examined in primary chick spinal cord and rat hippocampal neurons, and in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing alpha1beta2gamma2S GABAA receptors. Inhibitory activity is retained when hemisuccinate is substituted for sulfate at C-3, suggesting that it is the negative charge, rather than the sulfate group, that confers inhibitory efficacy. The interaction between steroid negative and positive modulators is not competitive, indicating that steroid negative and positive modulators act through distinct sites. Some steroids, such as 11-ketopregnenolone sulfate, appear to act at both negative and positive modulatory sites, as indicated by an 'off-response' upon washout. A similar off-response is also observed after co-application of the negative modulator DHEAS and the positive modulator allopregnanolone. The observation that simultaneous application of sulfated and unsulfated steroids, such as DHEAS and allopregnanolone, act at distinct sites implies that steroid negative and positive modulators can act independently or coordinately to regulate GABA-mediated inhibition in the central nervous system.
Exploring the Role of Ethics in Public Relations Program Evaluation

This qualitative study examined the role of ethics in public relations evaluation and the ethical issues that complicate the evaluation process. Findings suggest that the role of ethics in evaluation is integral, centered on truth, focused on benefiting an organization's publics or, in contrast, irrelevant. Ethical issues regarding evaluation include manipulation of evaluation data and use of tainted data to persuade clients or publics. This study further exposes an ethical conflict where professionals prioritize duty, truthfulness, and precision, yet face constraints on their ethical autonomy or selectively represent evaluation data to cultivate client relationships or corporate image. Increased sensitivity to online contexts and descriptive theorizing of ethics are needed.
The difficulty and dangers of diagnosing dementia

As Brunet rightly says, the diagnosis belongs to the patient.1 That is precisely the problem in dementia, when the patient often has little insight and does not notice symptoms. The drive for GPs to increase diagnosis rates is admirable, but there are many unknowns and potential dangers. Diagnosis in people with language barriers, no collateral history, chronic mental illness, epilepsy, hearing and …
Gleevec™ for the Treatment of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: U.S. Food and Drug Administration Regulatory Mechanisms, Accelerated Approval, and Orphan Drug Status

Gleevec (imatinib mesylate), a highly promising new drug for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis, in accelerated phase, and in chronic phase after interferon failure or intolerance, received orphan drug status from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Office of Orphan Products Development on January 31, 2001, and accelerated approval from the FDA for the above three indications on May 10, 2001. The purpose of this report is to summarize FDA regulatory mechanisms, i.e., accelerated approval and orphan drug regulations, that have permitted patients to receive this drug as rapidly as possible.
Flow Injection Amperometric Enzyme Biosensor for Direct Determination of Organophosphate Nerve Agents

A flow injection amperometric biosensor for the deter mination of organophosphate nerve agents was developed. The biosensor incorporated an immobilized enzyme reactor that contains the enzyme organ...
PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION : PERCEPTIONS OF PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIANS

Abstract Background.Little is known about barriers to pneumococcal vaccination in the primary care setting. Methods.Mail survey to 405 randomly selected Massachusetts primary care physicians (response rate 68%). Results.Seventy-nine percent considered themselves knowledgeable about current vaccination guidelines, and 75% said vaccination is an important clinical priority. Respondents answered a mean of five of six knowledge questions about vaccination “correctly,” that is, consistent with current scientific evidence or expert opinion. Physicians reported high immunization rates: 51% thought over half their eligible patients were vaccinated; however, only 27% thought their colleagues immunized a similar number of patients. Physician attitude was the strongest independent predictor of high reported immunization rates (odds ratio of 4.7,P= 0.0001). Twenty-four percent of respondents thought physician oversight due to the need to attend to other active medical problems greatly reduces the number of patients they immunize. None of eight other financial, administrative, and clinical barriers were felt to be important by more than 7% of physicians. Sixty-six percent of physicians favored a standing order policy to immunize their eligible patients. Conclusions.Oversight and overestimation of immunization rates appear to be important barriers to pneumococcal vaccination. The literature suggests that reminder and performance feedback systems directed toward eliminating these barriers have had some success; interventions such as standing order policies may yield further improvements and appear to be acceptable to most physicians.
Digital Pathology: Data-Intensive Frontier in Medical Imaging

Pathology is a medical subspecialty that practices the diagnosis of disease. Microscopic examination of tissue reveals information enabling the pathologist to render accurate diagnoses and to guide therapy. The basic process by which anatomic pathologists render diagnoses has remained relatively unchanged over the last century, yet advances in information technology now offer significant opportunities in image-based diagnostic and research applications. Pathology has lagged behind other healthcare practices such as radiology where digital adoption is widespread. As devices that generate whole slide images become more practical and affordable, practices will increasingly adopt this technology and eventually produce an explosion of data that will quickly eclipse the already vast quantities of radiology imaging data. These advances are accompanied by significant challenges for data management and storage, but they also introduce new opportunities to improve patient care by streamlining and standardizing diagnostic approaches and uncovering disease mechanisms. Computer-based image analysis is already available in commercial diagnostic systems, but further advances in image analysis algorithms are warranted in order to fully realize the benefits of digital pathology in medical discovery and patient care. In coming decades, pathology image analysis will extend beyond the streamlining of diagnostic workflows and minimizing interobserver variability and will begin to provide diagnostic assistance, identify therapeutic targets, and predict patient outcomes and therapeutic responses.
Teamwork among pediatric anesthesia and radiology providers at a large tertiary-care children’s hospital: past, present and future

Cooperation and coordination between anesthesia and radiology providers is required to create and maintain a safe, productive and efficient environment in a pediatric radiology department. We describe the important components of a proficient model for collaboration with anesthesia-radiology staff including radiologists, anesthesiologists, nurses and MR imaging technologists at our institution and how policies and procedures have evolved to efficiently deliver safe patient care in a high-volume pediatric radiology department.
Reproductive characteristics of male mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) inhabiting a small southeastern U.S. river receiving treated domestic sewage effluent.

A population of western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) living below a wastewater treatment plant in the vicinity of Birmingham (AL, USA) was studied for evidence of exposure to estrogens. Mosquitofish are sexually dimorphic live-bearing fish. Males have an elongated and modified anal fin, called a gonopodium, used in mating. It has been hypothesized that exposure to estrogens and/or anti-androgens in treated wastewater might inhibit the androgen-dependent development of the gonopodium. The population in this study showed no evidence of having been exposed to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The difference in adjusted (for overall fish size via analysis of covariance) mean gonopodium length between effluent-exposed and control populations was not significant. No detectable levels of vitellogenin were observed in the blood of any of the male mosquitofish, either from the effluent-exposed or the control population. Testes and livers were weighed and examined histologically. The fish exposed to treated wastewater effluent had significantly larger adjusted mean weights for both testis and liver, but no histological changes indicating exposure to estrogens were observed.
SU‐C‐BRCD‐02: Sources and Magnitudes of Uncertainties Using the Gamma Knife Extend System

Purpose: The Gamma Knife Extend System uses a vacuum‐assisted dental fixation mounted on a carbon‐fiber frame to achieve non‐invasive immobilization appropriate for multi‐fraction Gamma Knife procedures. At simulation and before each fraction, patient position is determined through the use of high‐precision digital mechanical measurement probes and a reference positioning template (RCT). The objective of this study is to quantify uncertainty in the Extend System from patient setup, intrafraction immobilization, and observer uncertainty in taking positioning measurements.Methods: Positioning measurements for 10 patients/ 36 fractions were used to estimate setup and immobilization uncertainty. Setup uncertainty was quantified by recording the residual difference between pre‐ fraction measurements after repositioning and reference measurements taken at the time of CTimaging. Intrafraction positioning uncertainty was estimated by the difference between post‐fraction and pre‐fraction position measurements. Observer uncertainty was estimated by three observers taking three measurements on each of the 44 measurement holes in the RCT using a phantom as a subject. The distributions of the systematic (Σ) and random (σ) components of the setup and immobilization measurement differences were calculated. The distribution of the random component of the observer measurement variation was determined. Results: The mean radial setup difference from the reference measurements was 0.65mm, SD=0.24mm, Σ = 0.17mm, σ = 0.16mm. The mean intrafractional positional difference was 0.46mm, SD=0.30mm, Σ=0.19mm, s= 0.22mm. The distribution of the random component of observer uncertainty was 0.03mm. Conclusions: The Extend System appears to have uncertainties similar in magnitude to other noninvasive fixation systems. Care should be taken to acquire measurements that can implicitly account for rotations of the patient's head. Further work is required to determine the sensitivity of the vacuum interlock to detect patient motion and to determine the systematic inter/intra‐observer uncertainty. David Schlesinger and Zhiyuan Xu have a grant pending with Elekta, AB for research that is unrelated to the material presented in this abstract. However Elekta, AB is the manufacturer of the treatment device (Gamma Knife) that is related to this material.
Application of Likelihood Ratios to Clinical Decision Rules: Defining the Limits of Clinical Expertise

Abstract [Gallagher EJ: Application of likelihood ratios to clinical decision rules: Defining the limits of clinical expertise. Ann Emerg Med November 1999;34:664-667.]
Anisotropic Thermopower and Planar Nernst Effect in Ga 1 − x Mn x As Ferromagnetic Semiconductors

We present the first experimental study of the thermopower in Mn-doped GaAs ferromagnetic semiconductors. Large magnetothermopower effects in both longitudinal and transverse directions have been observed below the ferromagnetic transition temperature. Unlike magnetoresistance, neither the transverse thermopower (planar Nernst effect) nor the longitudinal thermopower explicitly depend on the strength of the in-plane magnetic field, but rather are intimately related to each other through the magnetization. These newly discovered effects can be satisfactorily explained by an extension of anisotropic magnetotransport model and place important constraints on potential microscopic descriptions of the scattering mechanisms in these materials.
Liking for Same-Sex Evaluators as a Function of Their Physical Attractiveness and the Nature of Their Evaluations

16 female introductory psychology students and 16 male ROTC students were interviewed by confederates of their own sex. The confederates were either attractive or unattractive and gave either positive or negative evaluations to the subjects. The subjects then rated the confederates on several traits related to likeability. The confederates' attractiveness had no main effect or interactive effect on any variable. Positive feedback from the confederates, on the other hand, improved the subjects' ratings of the confederates significantly on every variable. The results are discussed in relation to prior research and in relation to the concepts of reciprocity of liking and drive and reward.
A dominant positive and negative selectable gene for use in mammalian cells

Abstract We have constructed three different fusion genes containing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV tk) and the bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase (neo) genes. All three fusion genes utilize the HSV tk promoter but differ at the junction of their components. We have determined if the fusion genes are bifunctional by introducing them into mammalian cells and testing for function of the individual components. One of the fusion genes, TNFUS 69, produced a bicistronic message and a fusion protein that has TK and NEO protein functions. This and other fusion genes of a similar nature could serve as dominant positive and negative selectable markers in mammalian cells.
Observing system simulation experiments in geomagnetic data assimilation

[1] Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) have been carried out for a geomagnetic data assimilation system. The purpose of these experiments is to demonstrate how new algorithms for assimilating geomagnetic observations into a geodynamo model can be evaluated. A “nature” run is carried out to establish a “true” evolution of the Earth's core state, from which synthetic surface geomagnetic field observations are created. These observations are then assimilated into the geodynamo model using an optimal interpolation (OI) scheme. Model error is simulated by using a different Rayleigh number in the nature and model runs. Because the true core state evolution is known completely, the assimilation results can be evaluated in terms of any state variable and at any point in the computational domain. In this work we focus on the poloidal (observed) and toroidal (unobserved) components of the magnetic field throughout the outer core. Experiments are carried out using observations of different degrees and varying forecast error correlation length scales. We also investigate the impact of model error on the assimilation and on the accuracy of geomagnetic forecasts. Assimilation runs lasting about 90% of the magnetic free decay time show a positive impact on both components of magnetic field deep within the outer core. Forecasts of the surface magnetic field show much lower error growth, indicating that the initial condition used for the forecasts has been substantially improved through assimilation.
No Consistent Bioenergetic Defects in Presynaptic Nerve Terminals Isolated from Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease

Depressed cortical energy supply and impaired synaptic function are predominant associations of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To test the hypothesis that presynaptic bioenergetic deficits are associated with the progression of AD pathogenesis, we compared bioenergetic variables of cortical and hippocampal presynaptic nerve terminals (synaptosomes) from commonly used mouse models with AD-like phenotypes (J20 age 6 months, Tg2576 age 16 months, and APP/PS age 9 and 14 months) to age-matched controls. No consistent bioenergetic deficiencies were detected in synaptosomes from the three models; only APP/PS cortical synaptosomes from 14-month-old mice showed an increase in respiration associated with proton leak. J20 mice were chosen for a highly stringent investigation of mitochondrial function and content. There were no significant differences in the quality of the synaptosomal preparations or the mitochondrial volume fraction. Furthermore, respiratory variables, calcium handling, and membrane potentials of synaptosomes from symptomatic J20 mice under calcium-imposed stress were not consistently impaired. The recovery of marker proteins during synaptosome preparation was the same, ruling out the possibility that the lack of functional bioenergetic defects in synaptosomes from J20 mice was due to the selective loss of damaged synaptosomes during sample preparation. Our results support the conclusion that the intrinsic bioenergetic capacities of presynaptic nerve terminals are maintained in these symptomatic AD mouse models.
Study of the representation of competitive isotherms and of the intersection between adsorption isotherms

Abstract Theoretical investigations of the separation of the components of a mixture by preparative liquid chromatography require a knowledge of the competitive equilibrium isotherms of the components of the mixture between the two phases of the chromatographic system. In many instances the set of competitive Langmuir equations provide a satisfactory model. When the competitive isotherms of the two components of a binary mixture intersect each other, however, the Langmuir model becomes unsuitable. This model postulates constant selectivity for the equilibrium between the two phases of a chromatographic system. A modified Langmuir model is proposed, using the ratio between two second-degree polynomials. This model is supported by general results from statistical mechanics. It accounts well for some experimental data that could not be explained in terms of the Langmuir isotherm.
Churg-Strauss syndrome in the absence of asthma

Abstract Rationale Churg-Strauss Syndrome (CSS) consists of necrotizing vasculitis of small to medium sized arteries, necrotizing extravascular granulomas, and prominent tissue eosinophilia. CSS classically begins with a prolonged period of allergic rhinitis, nasal polyposis, and asthma. This is followed by the development of peripheral blood eosinophilia and eosinophilic tissue infiltrates, with culmination in a systemic vasculitic phase. Many published series investigating CSS exclude patients without asthma. Clinicians may overlook the diagnosis of CSS in patients who lack asthma. Methods We report the case of a 57-year-old male in whom CSS was diagnosed in the absence of asthma or bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Results The patient had a nine-month history of progressive lower extremity weakness and pain accompanied by a peripheral eosinophilia (absolute eosinophil count approximately 5500 cells per microliter). Past medical history was significant for interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, with a restrictive pattern on pulmonary function testing. A methacholine challenge test was negative. Definitive diagnosis of CSS was made with muscle and nerve biopsies, which demonstrated necrotizing vasculitis of medium-sized arteries, predominately lymphocytic extravascular granulomas with few eosinophils, and eosinophil-rich endomysial inflammatory infiltrate with evidence of eosinophil degranulation. The combination of clinical and laboratory features in this case meets four of the six 1990 ACR diagnostic criteria for CSS, confirming the diagnosis with greater than 99% specificity. Conclusions Churg-Strauss Syndrome does occur in the absence of asthma. Clinicians should not exclude the possibility of this diagnosis in patients lacking asthma.
Exploring tunnel-FET for ultra low power analog applications: a case study on operational transconductance amplifier

This work studies the potentials and challenges of designing ultra low-power analog circuits exploiting unique characteristics of Tunnel-FET (TFET). TFET can achieve ultra-low quiescent current (~pA). In the subthreshold operation, TFET exhibit subthreshold swing lower than 60mV/decade, and hence higher transconductance per bias current than the MOSFET. TFET also exhibit very weak temperature dependence, and higher output resistance. Among several challenges, TFET demonstrate higher Shot noise at low biasing current. Through design of TFET based Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) these challenges and opportunities are discussed. For implantable bio-medical applications, TFET OTA based neural amplifier design is studied.
Outcomes of cataract surgery in eyes with previous herpes zoster ophthalmicus

Purpose To report the outcomes of cataract surgery in eyes with previous herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO). Setting Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Design Retrospective case series. Methods Eyes with a history of HZO that had phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation were reviewed. The information analyzed included the ophthalmologic history, visual acuity, preoperative and postoperative adjunct treatments, and complications. Analysis of the mean corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) at 1 month, 1 year, and the last follow-up was performed. Results Twenty-four eyes were evaluated. The mean CDVA improved from 20/112 (0.75 logMAR ± 0.63 [SD]) preoperatively to 20/53 (0.42 ± 0.56 logMAR) 1 month postoperatively ( P = .007) and 20/44 (0.34 ± 0.55 logMAR) at 1 year ( P = .052) but decreased to 20/71 (0.55 ± 0.72 logMAR) by last follow-up ( P = .605 versus preoperative CDVA). Eleven patients (45.8%) had recurrent keratouveitis after the first episode, 5 before cataract surgery and 6 after cataract surgery. Three had penetrating keratoplasty for worsening corneal opacification. Two patients had tractional retinal detachment from chronic uveitis and required vitrectomy and retinal repair. Conclusions Visual recovery after cataract surgery in HZO might be compromised by chronic factors such as ocular surface disease and keratouveitis. Despite long quiescent waiting periods before surgery and aggressive preoperative and postoperative maintenance therapy, visual improvement might be hindered by the inherent pathology associated with HZO. Nevertheless, with careful patient selection, reasonable visual improvement can be achieved. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Sequential Therapy With Fludarabine, High-Dose Cyclophosphamide, and Rituximab in Previously Untreated Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Produces High-Quality Responses: Molecular Remissions Predict for Durable Complete Responses

Purpose Modern combination strategies are active in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) but can have significant myelosuppression and immunosuppression that may require dose attenuation for safety. We explored a sequential treatment strategy to allow safe delivery of active agents at full doses. Previously, we studied sequential therapy with fludarabine followed by cyclophosphamide (F→C). In that study, cyclophosphamide consolidation improved the frequency of complete response (CR) four-fold. Subsequently, rituximab was added to this regimen (F→C→R). Patients and Methods Thirty-six previously untreated CLL patients received therapy with fludarabine 25 mg/m2 on days 1 through 5 every 4 weeks for six cycles, followed by consolidation with cyclophosphamide 3,000 mg/m2 administered every 3 weeks for three cycles, followed by consolidation with weekly rituximab 375 mg/m2 for four cycles. Evaluation for minimal residual disease included flow cytometry and a highly sensitive clonotypic polymerase chain reaction (...
Inquiry, New Literacies, and the Common Core.

Abstract For 21st century learning, students need to be well versed in techniques for inquiry using new literacies. Developing these skills also will meet the rigorous expectations of the Common Core State Standards.
Castration and antisteroid treatment impari vocal learning in male zebra finches

Both song behavior and its neural substrate are hormone sensitive: Castrated adult male zebra finches need replacement of gonadal steroids in order to restore normal levels of song production, and sexsteroids are necessary to establish male-typical neural song-controlcircuits during early development. This pattern of results suggests that hormones may be required for normal development of learned songbehavior, but evidence that steroids are necessary for normal neuraland behavioral development during song learning has been lacking. Weaddressed this question by attempting to eliminate the effects of gonadal steroids in juvenile male zebra finches between the time of initial song production and adulthood. Males were castrated at 20 daysof age and received systemic implants of either an antiandrogen (flutamide). an antiestrogen (tamoxifen), or both drugs. The songs of both flutamide-and tamoxifen-treated birds were extremely disrupted relative to normal controls in terms of the stereotypy and acoustic quality of individual note production, as well as stereotypy of the temporal structure of the song phrase. We did not discern any differences in the pattern of behavioral disruption between birds that were treated with either flutamide, tamoxifen, or a combination of both drugs. Flutamide treatment resulted in a reduced size of two forebrain nuclei that are known to play some role unique to early phases of song learning [lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (IMAN) and area X (X)], but did not affect the size of two song-control nuclei that are necessary for normal song productionin adult birds [caudal nucleus of the ventral hyperstriatum (HVc) and robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA)]. In contrast, treatment with tamoxifen did not result in any changes in the size of song-control nuclei relative to normal controls, and it blocked the effects of flutamide on the neural song-control system in birds that were treated with both drugs. Castration and antisteroid treatment exerted no deleterious effects on the quality of song behavior in adult birds, indicating that gonadal hormones are necessary for the development of normal song behavior during a sensitive period. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Concrete Bridge Service Life Extension Using Sealers in Chloride-Laden Environments

The early deterioration of concrete structures in chloride-laden environments is well known. The severity of the deterioration of bridges in the United States has resulted in the development of a large number of corrosion protection and rehabilitation methods for service life extension. For bridge engineers to make best use of public funds, service life, service life extension, and method application costs are needed. A methodology based on diffusion properties is presented for determining the service life (reapplication period) and service life extension of concrete bridge surface treatments and sealers. Consideration is given to traffic wear, degradation by ultraviolet light, and the ability of sealers to reduce the rate of ingress of chlorides into the concrete. Service life extension periods are presented for four sealers: solvent and water-based epoxies, silane, and siloxane. Service life extension periods consider the severity of the environment and the bridge member exposure conditions.
Energy transfer in collisions of I + with Xe

Electronic transitions between the spin-orbit states of $^{3}$P and $^{1}$D of ${\mathrm{I}}^{+}$ were observed in the inelastic collisions between ${\mathrm{I}}^{+}$ and Xe. The Landau-Zener model is used to interpret the transfers of translational energies to electronic energies and vice versa at the crossing points of the various potential-energy curves of (XeI${)}^{+}$. Relativistic complete-active-space self-consistent-field followed by first-order configuration-interaction and relativistic configuration-interaction (RCI) calculations including spin-orbit coupling are carried out on the low-lying electronic states dissociating into Xe+${\mathrm{I}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{+}$+I asymptotes. Some of the potential-energy curves correlating into Xe+${\mathrm{I}}^{+}$ were found to be bound, while most of the states correlating into ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{+}$+I were found to be repulsive. RCI calculations explain the observed efficient energy transfers. The spin-orbit-corrected RCI ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{e}}$ of ${\mathrm{XeI}}^{+}$ in the ${0}^{+}$(III) state is calculated as 0.8 eV. Two electronic states of ${0}^{+}$(II) and ${0}^{+}$(III) symmetries are found to be strongly bound while 2, 1, and ${0}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$(I) states are relatively less bound.
The effect of engineering cooperative experience on graduate starting salaries

The paper explores the effect of cooperative engineering experience on graduate starting salaries for all civil, industrial, mechanical, and electrical engineering graduates for two consecutive academic years. The primary data (gathered from various sources) were used to conduct 12 major statistical analyses. The tests of significance give rather inconclusive results in terms of a correlation between cooperative experience and the starting salaries of graduates. The strongest relationship existed for industrial engineering graduates, and the weakest relationship emerged for civil engineering majors. The mechanical and electrical graduates ranked second and third, respectively.
A Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction method of determining chopped fiber orientation in composites with application to extrusion through dies

A method of determining fiber orientation in composites using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXS) is described. Oriented crystalline fibers are suspended in an amorphous polymer matrix. The WAXS reflects characteristics of the fiber are used to determine the mean orientation and orientation distribution of the crystallographic axes representing the polymer chain relative to preferred axes located in the test specimen. The chain direction crystallographic axis is taken as representing the fiber axis, and the orientation of this axis to represent the orientation of the fibers. Experimental studies were carried out using Kevlar (poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)) fibers suspended at a 20 volume percent loading in a polymethyl methacrylate matrix. The Kevlar fibers had Hermans orientation factors of 0.92. Specific attention is given to how through circular dies. We have examined both extrudates and the material frozen-in when the composite in the reservoir and die is cooled to room temperature. Fiber orientation factors, corresponding to Hermans orientation factors, 0.3 to 0.38 were obtained for the extrudates. Orientation factors for fibers within the die is about 0.45. Specially prepared completely oriented samples had orientation factors of 0.93, which closely corresponds to the orientation of the fiber.
Early Proterozoic ophiolite, central Arizona

The 1.73 Ga Payson ophiolite is a pseudostratigraphic sequence of mafic plutons, dike swarms, sheeted dikes, and submarine basalts that intruded and erupted upon a 1.75-1.76 Ga magmatic-arc complex. The composition of the sheeted dikes is tholeiitic basalt (minor andesite) with island-arc affinities. The submarine basalts are overlain by dacitic breccias and a thick section of turbidites with ca. 1.72 Ga ash beds. The entire sequence was deformed, intruded by ca. 1.70 Ga granites, and unconformably overlain by fluvial to shallow-shelf sediments. Although most of the 1.8-1.6 Ga juvenile crust of Arizona consists of magmatic-arc rocks, the Payson ophiolite is unique and is interpreted to have formed the floor of an intra-arc basin. The ophiolite developed in situ on the older arc basement, as opposed to being thrust over it. The basin was accreted to the continent by ca. 1.70 Ga.
Isolation of bovine liver 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase cDNA: Bovine liver and heart forms of the enzyme are separate gene products

Abstract In order to ascertain whether the heart and liver forms of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase were products of two different genes or arose via alternative splicing of a single gene, the bovine liver cDNA of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase was isolated from a λgt10 phage library and its sequence compared with that of bovine heart cDNA. The deduced amino acid sequence of the bovine liver cDNA was also compared with the amino acid sequence of the human and rat liver phosphofructo-2-kinase/ fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase enzyme. The bovine liver cDNA codes for a protein that has 81.6% amino acid identity with the bovine heart form and 97.0 and 98.3% identity with the rat and human liver forms of the enzyme, respectively. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the two bovine cDNAs and their deduced amino acid sequences demonstrates that while there is conservation of the active sites of liver/muscle and heart 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatases they are encoded by different genes.
Labeling antibodies with copper radionuclides using N-4-nitrobenzyl-5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris(4-sulfophenyl) porphine

Antibody conjugates labeled with copper-64 and -67 (64Cu and 67Cu) were prepared using the porphyrin chelator N-4-nitrobenzyl-5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris(4-sulfophenyl) porphine (N-bzHCS3P). N-bzHCS3P was chosen because it has only one carboxylate group available for activation and coupling to antibody. The conjugates were characterized with respect to (1) the location of the porphyrin on the antibody, (2) the retention of immunoreactivity, and (3) the serum stability of the amide bond linking porphyrin to antibody. These studies showed that porphyrin attachment on the antibody surface is random. The conjugates exhibited high retention of immunoreactivity and reasonable serum stability for potential application in nuclear medicine.
Timing-driven HW/SW codesign based on task structuring and process timing simulation

Task structuring is the process of determining the individual tasks of a system, leading to the system's description as a task graph. This paper shows that RADHA-RATAN, our rate derivation algorithms, can be used to validate various tradeoffs made during task structuring, making this step timing aware. We show how RADHA-RATAN enables construction of a high-level timing model of the system leading to a process timing simulation of the entire system. An interesting aspect of process timing simulation is that it provides the ability to observe system level timing behavior based on timing requirements and analysis before an implementation of the tasks has been carried out. Based on task structuring and process timing simulation we propose a codesign methodology by which a system designer can gain insight into the system's timing performance. This approach enables the designer to reduce expensive timing driven design iterations. We have implemented this methodology in the RADHA-RATAN framework. We illustrate its application by an example.
Introduction of [2]Catenanes into Langmuir Films and Langmuir-Blodgett Multilayers. A Possible Strategy for Molecular Information Storage Materials

The formation of Langmuir films comprised of (i) dimyristoylphosphatidic acid and a [2]catenane composed of a bisparapheylene-34-crown-10 with its two π-electron-rich hydroquinone rings and the π-electron-deficient cyclophane bis(paraquat-p-phenylene) and (ii) dimyristoylphosphatidic acid and a [2]catenane composed of a macrocyclic polyether containing two hydroquinone rings and an azobenzene unit and the π-electron-deficient cyclophane bis(paraquat-p-phenylene), has been acheived. Utilizing Π−A isotherms and isochore measurements, it is possible to determine the optimum ratio of phospholipid to [2]catenane for good Langmuir film formation and to interpret these experimental findings in terms of intermolecular π−π interactions between the [2]catenane tetracations in the Langmuir films. They have been transferred via the Langmuir−Blodgett technique to hydrophobized quartz supports, and, through a combination of UV−vis spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), it has been established that the La...