cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Bi-model: Using CFD in simulations of slowly-inflating low-porosity hemispherical parachutes

The Bi-model aims at simulating the inflation of low-porosity, but apex-vented flat-circular canopies. The most important feature of the model involves the use of CFD to obtain canopy drag data, internal flow data and apex vent flow data in order to inform the parachute-payload’s trajectory equations and the canopy’s growth rates. As such this scheme goes half-way between the high-order modeling of FSI and low-order modeling. But as further discussed here, the Bi-model is only applicable to low-porosity hemispherical canopies that open slowly, i.e., where near-quasi steady state aerodynamics holds, such as during the apex bubble growth stage of the USAF C-9 and US Army T-10/G-12/G-11 families of personnel and cargo delivery parachutes used in current military applications. The Bi-model also exploits the unsteady character of the inflation stage that follows apex bubble growth, namely the Canopy Skirt Spreading stage, by using a model of full mass capture. The latter has been shown to work well for such inflation sequences during which canopy opening is swift. Detailed comparisons are shown with data collected on USAF C-9 emergency parachute and US Army T-10 trooper parachute. . Nomenclature Abot = Bottom partition surface area Amouth = Canopy mouth surface area
Alternative Approaches to Money

This Article summarizes the orthodox approach to money and then points the way toward an alternative developed by a small group of heterodox economists following in the footsteps of Georg Friedrich Knapp, A. Mitchell Innes, John Maynard Keynes, and Abba Lerner. This alternative is more consistent with the historical and anthropological record, and also borrows from law, sociology and political science. While it is conceivable that barter played a role in the multifarious origins of the institution that we call money, the main emphasis of the chartalist approach to money is on an authority’s attempt to place resources under its command. Put as simply as possible, "taxes drive oney." The sovereign’s ability to impose a liability (tithes, tribute, fees, fines, and finally taxes) in a unit of account and payable in the sovereign’s IOUs creates the money unit and "money things" that "answer to the description" (the unit in which debts are measured). The implications are important — not only for economic theory but also for policy formation — but have as yet remained largely unexplored. It will be argued that the alternative approach not only fits the historical record better, but also sheds more light on the nature of money in modern economies. It is hoped that legal scholars find this approach more consistent with their understanding of money.
A parallel solver using block fourier decompositions

The block Fourier decomposition method recently proposed by the first author is a special method for decoupling any block tridiagonal matrix of the form K = block-tridiag [B, A, B], where A and B are square submatrices, into diagonal blocks. Unlike the traditional fast Poisson solver, block cyclic reductions, or the FACR algorithm, this approach does not require A and B be symmetric or commute. Presented in this paper is a parallel solver using this block decomposition method to solve linear systems whose coefficient matrices are of the form of K. We describe the computational procedure and implementation for parallel executions on distributed workstations. The performance from our numerical experiments is reported to demonstrate the usefulness of this approach.
Paths to thought characterization-examination of user-defined graphic predictors

The SearchMap software encourages users to incorporate experience and intuition into decisions that involve multiple layers of map information. Users define search configurations, search distances, and interlayer weights, and they "learn" from visual images, iterating search parameters until satisfied with the result. Successive sets of parameters record the thought paths of the user. In a gold exploration example, the thinking of an expert evolves to emphasize rock type, the presence of faulting, and occurrences of silver to locate gold deposits; de-emphasizing topography and the presence of arsenic as guides to ore. Correlating thought paths with brain function awaits expert input.
Service Aggregation and Coarse Grained Based Design

This research deal with analytical model to take the result from group decision for further development, as the integration interoperability of components requires both macro process in business context and semantic metadata, and micro process within service design and physical implementation. Common service and service aggregation are conceptual term with alignment to both business components and physical objects; these can be either functional or non-functional elements. The service aggregation parsing process identifies these two services as candidates for common service; they are validated once the frequency passes the appropriate threshold and their interconnectivity design is seen as feasible.
Modeling natural emissions in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model - Part 2: Modifications for simulating natural emissions

Abstract. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 4.6 has been revised with regard to the representation of chlorine (HCl, ClNO2) and sulfur (dimethylsulfide, or DMS, and H2S), and evaluated against observations and earlier published models. Chemistry parameterizations were based on published reaction kinetic data and a recently developed cloud chemistry model that includes heterogeneous reactions of organic sulfur compounds. Evaluation of the revised model was conducted using a recently enhanced data base of natural emissions that includes ocean and continental sources of DMS, H2S, chlorinated gases and lightning NOx for the continental United States and surrounding regions. Results using 2002 meteorology and emissions indicated that most simulated "natural" (plus background) chemical and aerosol species exhibit the expected seasonal variations at the surface. Ozone exhibits a winter and early spring maximum consistent with ozone data and an earlier published model. Ozone distributions reflect the influences of atmospheric dynamics and pollutant background levels imposed on the CMAQ simulation by boundary conditions derived from a global model. A series of model experiments reveals that the consideration of gas-phase organic sulfur chemistry leads to sulfate aerosol increases over most of the continental United States. Cloud chemistry parameterization changes result in widespread decreases in SO2 across the modeling domain and both increases and decreases in sulfate. Most cloud-mediated sulfate increases occurred mainly over the Pacific Ocean (up to about 0.1 μg m−3) but also over and downwind from the Gulf of Mexico (including parts of the eastern US). Geographic variations in simulated SO2 and sulfate are due to the link between DMS/H2S and their byproduct SO2, the heterogeneity of cloud cover and precipitation (precipitating clouds act as net sinks for SO2 and sulfate), and the persistence of cloud cover (the largest relative sulfate increases occurred over the persistently cloudy Gulf of Mexico and western Atlantic Ocean). Overall, the addition of organic sulfur chemistry increased hourly surface sulfate levels by up to 1–2 μg m−3 but reduced sulfate levels in the vicinity of high SO2 emissions (e.g., wildfires). Simulated surface levels of DMS compare reasonably well with observations in the marine boundary layer where DMS oxidation product levels are lower than observed. This implies either a low bias in model oxidation rates of organic sulfur species or a low bias in the boundary conditions for DMS oxidation products. This revised version of CMAQ provides a tool for realistically simulating the influence of natural emissions on air quality.
Investigation of a Group A Streptococcal Outbreak Among Residents of a Long-term Acute Care Hospital

Background. In January 2008, a long-term acute care hospital (LTACH) in New Mexico reported a cluster of severe group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections. Methods. We defined a case as illness in a patient in the LTACH from 1 October 2007 through 3 February 2008 from whom GAS was isolated from a usually sterile site or with illness consistent with GAS infection and GAS isolated from a nonsterile site. To identify carriers, we swabbed the oropharynx and skin lesions of patients and staff. We observed facility procedures to assess possible transmission routes and adherence to infection control practices. We also conducted a case-control study to identify risk factors for infection with use of asymptomatic patients who were noncarriers as control subjects. Results. We identified 11 case patients and 11 carriers (8 patients and 3 staff). No carriers became case patients. Significant risk factors for infection in univariate analysis included sharing a room with an infected or colonized patient (6 [55%] of 11 case patients vs 3 [8%] of 39 control subjects), undergoing wound debridement (64% vs 13%), and receiving negative pressure wound therapy (73% vs 33%). Having an infected or colonized roommate remained associated with case patients in multivariable analysis (odds ratio, 15.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.5- 110.9). Suboptimal infection control practices were widespread. Conclusions. This large outbreak of GAS infection was the first reported in an LTACH, a setting that contains a highly susceptible patient population. Widespread infection control lapses likely allowed continued transmission. Similar to the situation in other care settings, appropriate infection control and case cohorting may help prevent and control outbreaks of GAS infection in LTACHs.
STUDIES ON MENINGOCOCCUS INFECTION : VII. THE STUDY OF AN ISOLATED EPIDEMIC

The investigation of this isolated epidemic of meningococcus meningitis at a C.C.C. camp gave an opportunity to examine the carrier state in contacts carrying what were presumably virulent epidemic strains of organisms. With the aid of Miller's technique for the enhancement of the demonstrable virulence of meningococci for mice, it proved possible to test the virulence of the carrier strains from Camp Rusk. These results were consistent despite the interval of from 3 to 4 weeks which intervened between the isolation of the strains and the virulence titrations. Type I strains were found to have a high virulence, while the virulence of Type II strains was moderately high but definitely less than that of the Type I, and atypical strains and strains of N. catarrhalis isolated from carriers showed a very low virulence. The question of the precise nature of the carrier state was investigated. No evidence has been obtained yet as to the existence of a relationship between pharyngitis, coryza or upper respiratory disease and the presence and degree of the carrier state. This is unlike the situation with regard to pneumococcus carriers. On the other hand, it has proved possible to demonstrate reactions within the body to the meningococci in the nasopharynx, consisting of the formation of agglutinins and protective antibodies in the blood serum. 32.3 per cent of Type I and 60 per cent of Type II carrier sera showed moderate or good agglutinins for homologous organisms and 80 per cent of Type I and 40 per cent of Type II sera showed moderate or good protective antibodies against virulent homologous strains. No idea could be obtained as to the relationship of the presence or absence and the degree of serological reaction and the duration of the carrier state.
Impact of postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis with dexamethasone on the risk of recurrence of endometrial cancer

AbstractObjective:To assess whether antiemetic doses of dexamethasone are associated with an increased risk of cancer recurrence in women who underwent surgery for endometrial cancer.Research design and methods:This is a retrospective study at an academic university medical center. Women who underwent surgery for endometrial cancer from 2003 to 2007 were identified from a prospectively collected endometrial cancer database. Perioperative records were reviewed to determine administration of dexamethasone. Patients were divided into two groups: those who received dexamethasone 4–10 mg for postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis and those who did not receive dexamethasone. We collected information on patient demographics, cancer stage, cancer grade, histology, year of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, duration of surgery, perioperative blood transfusion, receipt of epidural analgesia, dose of dexamethasone given, follow-up time, and co-morbidities.Main outcome measures:Primary endpoint was recu...
Navigating MRI-TRUS fusion biopsy: optimizing the process and avoiding technical pitfalls

Multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) is widely used in the detection and characterization of clinically- significant prostate cancer. MRI-TRUS (trans-rectal ultrasound) fusion biopsy is an in-office procedure that promises to empower urologists to successfully target these MRI-visible lesions for histological confirmation. We describe the moving parts in the process and discuss methods to optimize biopsy outcomes. mpMRI is highly technical and reader-dependent. The acquisition of US images to generate a valid 3D US model and subsequent registration and fusion requires the urologist to attain equilibrium of probe position and pressure to achieve maximum registration accuracy. Environmental, medical and engineering measures can be undertaken to improve targeting accuracy. The art and skill of 'hitting' a visual target involves real-time recognition and adjustment for potential errors/ mis-registration in the fusion guide. A multi-disciplinary team effort is critical to improve all steps of the procedure.
New families of voltage-mode and current-mode filter circuits.

In some previous papers, feed forward configurations of realizing second order all pass transfer functions with complex poles by adding some configurations to a first order circuit are discussed. In this dissertation, the above idea extended to realize some other basic second order complex pole filter transfer functions. A new corollary for circuit conversion is proposed and proved. This corollary is useful for converting op amp based voltage-mode circuits to their CCII based equivalent circuits, as are other existing theorems. But the new corollary is useful for converting circuits that cannot be converted by other theorems.
Visual color and doneness indicators and the incidence of premature brown color in beef patties cooked to four end point temperatures.

An interlaboratory study was undertaken to assess the frequency that cooked color of ground beef patties appeared brown at internal temperatures of 52.7°C (135°F), 65.6°C (150°F), 71.1°C (160°F), and 79.4°C (175°F). In general, as internal cooked temperature of the patties increased, the following results were observed in the patties: (i) more brown meat color, (ii) less pink or red juice color, and (iii) more cooked texture. However, brown meat color occurred prematurely at the two lower internal temperatures (57.2°C/135°F and 65.6°C/150°F) that are insufficient to eliminate foodborne pathogens without holding times. The common consumer practice of freezing bulk ground beef, followed by overnight thawing in a refrigerator, led to substantial premature brown color in patties cooked from this product. In addition, at 71.1°C (160°F), recognized to be the lowest temperature for cooking ground beef safely in the home, meat color, juice color, and texture appearance were not fully apparent as doneness indicato...
Evidence for the Presence of Cholinergic Nerves in Cerebral Arteries: An Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Choline Acetyltransferase

The presence of cholinergic nerves in cerebral arteries of several species was investigated by an immunohistochemical method using antibodies against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). In cats, pigs, rats, and dogs, ChAT immunoreactivities were found to be associated with large bundles and single fibers in the circle of Willis and anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and basilar arteries. In the rabbit, the ChAT-immunoreactive (ChAT-I) nerves were also observed in the circle of Willis and anterior and middle cerebral arteries, but only few or none were found in the basilar and vertebral arteries. The ChAT-I nerves were found only in the adventitial layer of vessels examined. Superior cervical ganglionectomy did not appreciably affect the distribution of ChAT-I nerves. These results indicate the presence of cholinergic nerves in cerebral arteries. The distribution pattern of ChAT-I nerves was different from that of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-like-immunoreactive nerves and acetylcholinesterase-po...
Legal Briefs: A Complicated Case of Neonatal Nasal Congestion

A 3,092-g, 36+ weeks' gestation male infant was born by spontaneous vaginal delivery. The membranes were ruptured for 17 hours before delivery. The mother received cefazolin during delivery for unclear reasons. The prenatal and intrapartum courses were unremarkable. Apgar scores were 8 at 1 and 5 minutes. Nasal flaring and retractions were noted immediately after delivery. The mother complained repeatedly to the nurses that the infant was congested, had snoring sounds, and did not feed well. Because the poor eating continued, a lactation consultant was called in at 24 hours after birth. After the evaluation, she brought to the neonatologist's attention the clinical issues of poor feeding and intermittent labored breathing. The neonatologist admitted the infant to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). No dysmorphology was present, but some swelling was noted near the medial aspect of the left eye. The conclusion of an ophthalmology consultation was a blocked lacrimal duct. Except for the respiratory distress and the blocked tear duct, other physical examination findings were normal. The nurses were instructed to instill normal saline drops frequently into the nose and perform suctioning. A complete blood count (CBC) yielded no findings of note, and the final reading of a blood culture was no growth. The infant was not started on antibiotics. A 5 French nasogastric tube was passed bilaterally without difficulty, but an 8 French tube could not be passed on the left side, despite repeated attempts. The neonatologist requested an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) assessment because of the narrowed nasal passage on the left. An oral airway was placed and the distress abated. The following morning, when the baby was 48 hours old, an otolaryngologist on the adult service …
Factors Affecting Broiler Breeder Performance. 7. Effect of Varying Levels of Dietary Protein on the Development and Reproductive Performance of the Dwarf Broiler Breeder

Abstract Vedette dwarf broiler breeder female chicks were raised in floor pens and fed a standard starter ration. At 3 wk of age, 1,032 pullets were divided into four dietary treatment groups (258 bird/treatment). Birds were transferred into individual cages at 18 wk of age and at 21 wk of age assigned to one of four laying rations. Dietary treatments consisted of a 4 × 4 factorial design with four developer diets (12, 14, 16, and 18% protein) and four layer diets (12, 14, 16, and 18% protein). Body weight was determined at 6, 12, and 17 wk of age and thereafter at 4 wk intervals. Hen-day egg production was determined weekly from 21 to 58 wk of age. Specific gravity and egg weights were measured at 4-wk intervals on eggs collected over 4-day periods. Fertility and hatchability were measured at 32, 34, and 44 wk of age on the one-half of the birds in each treatment that had been artificially inseminated weekly with .05 mL of semen from Ross males. Embryonic mortality and chick weights of offspring were recorded when the breeder flock was 32 and 44 wk of age. Dietary treatment had a significant effect on body weight (P>.05) at Week 12, (12% and 14% vs. 16% and 18%) but by Week 17 differences were no longer significant. Significant differences in body and egg weights during the laying cycle were detected (P .05).
PO83DESMOPLASTIC NON-INFANTILE GANGLIOGLIOMA - A RARE CASE OF MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION AND A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

INTRODUCTION: Desmoplastic infantile gangliogliomas (DIG) are rare, supratentorial glioneuronal tumours of infants. They are histologically benign and considered as WHO grade I tumours. When presenting in children over the age of 1, they are termed desmoplastic non-infantile ganglioglioma (DNIG) and are more rare. They are not usually associated with malignant behaviour. We present a rare case of recurrent DNIG with malignant transformation. METHOD: A four year-old girl presented with a four-month history of worsening headaches, aggressive behaviour and left facial droop. MRI revealed a large right parieto-occipital lesion with mass effect. The lesion was subtotally resected. Histology was consistent with desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma, WHO Grade I. Follow up MRIs demonstrated aggressive growth requiring further debulking in 7 months and 10 months. The subsequent biopsies showed similar features; however increasing mitotic activity in the predominant desmin positive astrocytic cells. The proliferation index (Ki67) was focally up to 4% in the first biopsy; increasing to 8% and 12% in the subsequent biopsies. Histology from the third resection was consistent with anaplastic ganglioglioma, WHO Grade III. CONCLUSION: This case of DNIG demonstrated aggressive growth despite multiple operative interventions, and histology strongly suggesting malignant transformation. Histology has shown malignant transformation, which has only been reported in a handful of cases in the literature. This has important implication for the follow up and management of these lesions.
Analysis of Accelerants in Fire Debris - Data Interpretation.

Analysis of accelerants in fire debris involves the isolation of residual volatiles from the matrix and the analysis of these volatiles, usually by gas chromatography (GC). The resulting chromatograms are interpreted by comparing to a library of accelerant chromatograms obtained under similar conditions. This review first mentions ASTM's system in classifying fire accelerants into light petroleum distillates, gasoline, medium petroleum distillates, kerosene, heavy petroleum distillates, and unclassified compounds. Chromatograms with well-resolved n-alkane homolog patterns are most recognizable. Chromatograms that are inadequately resolved can be improved by columns having higher efficiency or selectivity, while those with too much interference can be improved by physical removal or reduction of these interfering compounds or selective detection. Using a mass spectrometer (MS) as the detector in GC/MS applications allows the display of common ions shared by compounds with similar structural features, thus greatly facilitating pattern recognition practices. Computer algorithms are now available for automated recognition of patterns possessed by various categories of accelerants. The state-of-the-art in forensic laboratories' analysis of accelerants in fire debris is presented as an appendix to this review. Data generated in annual proficiency tests over an 8-year period (1987-1995) revealed increased use of GC/MS instrumentation and some persisting problems, which include false positives and difficulties associated with component discrimination in the sample preparation process and recognition of partially evaporated distillates.
Research on the acupuncture therapy of “Shenshu Point fifty-seven”for type 2 diabetes

Shenshu Point fifty-seven,as a rare acupuncture therapy in the acupuncture prescription of Neijing,is mainly used in clinical application to treat water metabolism disorders and edema disease. It has been proved that in clinic it could effectively treat obesity. The study found that treatment of "Shenshu Point fifty-seven"has some similarities with the classical acupuncture treatment of dispersion-thirst disease,whose major acupuncture points are both on bladder,spleen and stomach,liver,kidney,and Bei Shu point. Its clinical application in the treatment of obesity and type 2diabetes has achieved good effect.
Design and Exploitation of Hospital OA SYSTEM

this article using the experience about OA SYSTEM based on PHP+MYSQL in design,development and application,introduced the systematic method about the design and the realize of OA SYSTEM in hospital with PHP technology and MYSQL database. Practice proof,using this systematic official business can increase working efficiency apparently; reduce the cost of official business.
SOME EFFECTS OF MORPHINE AND AMPHETAMINE ON INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONS AND MOOD

Four groups of 15 undergraduate students received either 10 mg of d-amphetamine sulfate, 16 mg of morphine sulfate, a mixture of 16 mg of morphine sulfate and 10 mg of d-amphetamine sulfate, or a lactose placebo under double blind conditions. These subjects were given, both before and after the administration of the drugs, a series of tests utilizing the Guilford structure of intellect model, the Nowlis and Nowlis mood adjective check list, and the McClelland Need Achievement Scale. It was shown that certain tests were differentially effected by the drugs. Of particular interest was an enhancement by morphine of all tests which were based upon a logical judgment and selection of an answer among a limited number of alternatives. D-amphetamine was found to enhance the performance on scales different from those most enhanced by morphine. It was found that d-amphetamine enhanced the need to achieve and elevated the sense of activation of the subjects. These results were discussed in terms of possible theoretical consequences.
An Efficient Method for Developing Tailormade Semantic Differentials for Specific Small Business Content Areas

Small business researchers are in need of means of developing scales for inclusion in semantic differential questionnaires that are high in validitv. Some researchers utilize generalized scales, but these may not be appropriate for a particular population under study or object that is evaluated. A technique exists that can provide indices of validity with a minimum expenditure of time and effort. This manuscript indicates how this technique can be employed by small business managers and researchers.
Decision Analysis Strategies for HLHS: Orthotopic Heart Transplantation vs. Staged Palliation

The scenario is all too familiar to the practicing pediatric cardiologist. It is something we should do well. An infant is born, recognized to be ill, and an echocardiogram is performed. The diagnosis of HLHS is made. The parents and family are now being told the details of their child’s diagnosis and possible treatment. Three options are offered to the family: 1) allowing the infant to die of its disease 2) to undergo heart transplantation or 3) to undergo a series of operations over the next 2 years leading to a Fontan procedure.
Biology and therapy of urological cancer metastasis.

From the early roots of modern urology to today, genitourinary (GU) cancers have been an important part of the fields of urology and cancer biology. As medical science has advanced, newer clinical and basic viewpoints have impacted the thinking and practice in this important field. As such, GU oncology has been consistently seen as an area of rapid evolution both in biological understanding and clinical care. GU cancers continue to rise in incidence worldwide. Moreover, they represent a significant portion of cancer mortality in Asia and the western world. These facts have been met with some of the boldest and most important advances in cancer biology and therapy that have reshaped this field.
Secure sensor platform (SSP) for materials' sealing and monitoring applications

For over a decade, Sandia National Laboratories has collaborated with domestic and international partners in the development of intelligent radio frequency (RF) loop seals and sensor technologies for multiple applications. Working with US industry, the International Atomic Energy Agency and Russian institutes; the Sandia team continues to utilize gains in technology performance to develop and deploy increasingly sophisticated platforms. Seals of this type are typically used as item monitors to detect unauthorized actions and malicious attacks in storage and transportation applications. The spectrum of current seal technologies at Sandia National Laboratories ranges from Sandia's initial T-1 design incorporating bi-directional RF communication with a loop seal and tamper indicating components to the highly flexible secure sensor platform (SSP). Sandia National Laboratories is currently pursuing the development of the next generation fiber optic loop seal. This new device is based upon the previously designed multi-mission electronic sensor and communication platform that launched the development of the T-1A which is currently in production at Honeywell FM&T for the Savannah River Site. The T-1A is configured as an active fiber optic seal with authenticated, bi-directional RF communications capable of supporting a number of sensors. The next generation fiber optic loop seal, the secure sensor platform (SSP), is enhancing virtually all of the existing capabilities of the T-1A and is adding many new features and capabilities. The versatility of this new device allows the capabilities to be selected and tailored to best fit the specific application. This paper discusses the capabilities of this new generation fiber optic loop seal as well as the potential application theater which can range from rapid, remotely-monitored, temporary deployments to long-term item storage monitoring supporting International nuclear non-proliferation. This next generation technology suite addresses the combination of sealing requirements with requirements in unique materials' identification, environmental monitoring, and remote long-term secure communications.
Comorbidity effects on shoulder arthroplasty costs analysis of a nationwide private payer insurance data set

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of common medical comorbidities on the reimbursements of different shoulder arthroplasty procedures. Methods We conducted a retrospective query of a single private payer insurance claims database using PearlDiver (Warsaw, IN, USA) from 2010 to 2014. Our search included the Current Procedural Terminology codes and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), hemiarthroplasty, and reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). Medical comorbidities were also searched for through International Classification of Diseases codes. The comorbidities selected for analysis were obesity, morbid obesity, hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cirrhosis, depression, and chronic kidney disease (excluding end-stage renal disease). The reimbursement charges of the day of surgery, 90-day global period, and 90-day period excluding the initial surgical day of each comorbidity were analyzed and compared. Statistical analysis was conducted through analyses of variance or Kruskal-Wallis test. Results Comorbidities did not have a significant effect on same-day reimbursements but instead caused a significant effect on the subsequent 89-day (interval) and 90-day reimbursements in the TSA and RSA cohorts. For TSA and RSA, the highest reimbursement costs during the 90-day period after surgery were seen with the diagnosis of hepatitis C, followed by atrial fibrillation and later chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. For hemiarthroplasty, the same was true in the following order: hepatitis C, cirrhosis, and atrial fibrillation. Conclusion Shoulder arthroplasty reimbursements are significantly affected by comorbidities at time intervals following the initial surgical day.
African American Faculty in Social Work Schools: The Impact of Their Scholarship.

ABSTRACTPurpose: This study assessed the citation impact of scholarship of African American faculty in the top 25 ranked schools of social work cited in the 2012 U.S. News and World Report. Method: The citation impact scores (Hirsch h-index) of these scholars were examined. Results: The overall mean h-index score for the top 25 ranked schools of social work and African American scholars was 6.62 and 12.14, respectively. The individual h-index for almost 80% of these scholars exceeded their respective school mean h-index scores. Discussion: While the literature revealed long-standing systemic and structural barriers to research productivity for African American scholars overall, these faculty somehow found ways to circumvent these challenges. Future research calls for a more comprehensive exploration into the character and impact of scholarship produced by African American faculty to further expand the knowledge base about elements of research cultures in social work.
Pre-adolescent and adolescent mice are less sensitive to the effects of acute nicotine on extinction and spontaneous recovery.

Abstract Adolescence is a period of high risk for the initiation of nicotine product usage and exposure to traumatic events. In parallel, nicotine exposure has been found to age-dependently modulate acquisition of contextual fear memories; however, it is unknown if adolescent nicotine exposure alters extinction of fear related memories. Age-related differences in sensitivity to the effects of nicotine on fear extinction could increase or decrease susceptibility to anxiety disorders. In this study, we examined the effects of acute nicotine administration on extinction and spontaneous recovery of contextual fear memories in pre-adolescent (PND 23), late adolescent (PND 38), and adult (PND 53) C57B6/J mice. Mice were first trained in a background contextual fear conditioning paradigm and given an intraperitoneal injection of one of four doses of nicotine (0.045, 0.09, 0.18, or 0.36 mg/kg, freebase) prior to subsequent extinction or spontaneous recovery sessions. Results indicated that all acute nicotine doses impaired extinction of contextual fear in adult mice. Late adolescent mice exhibited impaired extinction of contextual fear only following higher doses of acute nicotine, and extinction of contextual fear was unaffected by acute nicotine exposure in pre-adolescent mice. Finally, acute nicotine exposure enhanced spontaneous recovery of fear memory, but only in adult mice. Overall, our results suggest that younger mice were less sensitive to nicotine’s impairing effects on extinction of contextual fear and to nicotine’s enhancing effects on spontaneous recovery of contextual fear memory.
Synthesis of (+)-Pancratistatins via Catalytic Desymmetrization of Benzene

A concise synthesis of (+)-pancratistatin and (+)-7-deoxypancratistatin from benzene using an enantioselective, dearomative carboamination strategy has been achieved. This approach, in combination with the judicious choice of subsequent olefin-type difunctionalization reactions, permits rapid and controlled access to a hexasubstituted core. Finally, minimal use of intermediary steps as well as direct, late stage C-7 hydroxylation provides both natural products in six and seven operations.
Review of Russo, J. & Sweeney, A. (Eds.) (2016), "Searching for a Rose Garden: Challenging Psychiatry, Fostering Mad Studies"

The book is divided into four sections. The first, “Setting the Scene,” contains essays that argue for the need for radically new approaches to madness and distress. The second and third sections, “Survivor-Produced Knowledge” and “Survivor-Controlled Practice,” present examples of contributions to theory and practice. Finally, “Working in Partnership” features collaborative projects.
El Atlántico, un espacio político compartido. La prensa chilena y las revoluciones francesas de 1830 y 1848

El Atlantico fue un espacio politico compartido mas alla de las independencias. Partiendo de esta idea general, este articulo pretende contribuir a la apertura de nuevas vias de entendimiento y confluencia por encima de tradicionales lecturas de caracter unidireccional que han incidido en la ruptura y la desconexion. En este caso, en el contexto de las oleadas revolucionarias activadas en Europa a mediados del siglo XIX, que coinciden con la etapa de mayor tension y debate en torno a la configuracion del nuevo mapa politico e institucional de la antigua America espanola. Tomando como referencia el caso de Chile, y considerando algunos de los acontecimientos determinantes de los primeros anos de la independencia –como la guerra civil de 1829 y el levantamiento armado de 1851, que en buena medida vienen a enmarcar dos de los hitos fundamentales del ciclo revolucionario europeo-, se apuesta por explorar el uso y referencialidad que alcanzaban las revoluciones de Francia de 1830 y 1848 en la prensa y papeles publicos del momento, contribuyendo con ello a trazar de manera mas precisa el marco de representaciones y significados de la revolucion gestado fuera de sus escenarios centrales.
Review: Evidence of Neurological Sequelae in Children With Acquired Zika Virus Infection

Limited information is available on health outcomes related to Zika virus infection acquired during childhood. Zika virus can cause severe central nervous system malformations in congenitally exposed fetuses and neonates. In vitro studies show the capacity of Zika virus to infect neural progenitor cells, induce central and peripheral neuronal cell deaths, and target different brain cells over the course of brain development. Studies of postnatally infected mice and nonhuman primates have detected degradation of neural cells and morphologic brain cell changes consistent with a broad neuroinflammatory response. In addition, case reports of central nervous system disease in adults and in adolescents secondary to Zika virus infection suggest that Zika virus may have a broader impact on neurological health beyond that observed in congenitally exposed newborns. Long-term neurological complications have been observed with other acquired flaviviral infections, with clinical symptoms manifesting for years after primary infection. The extent to which postnatal Zika virus infection in humans negatively affects the central and peripheral nervous systems and causes long-term neurological damage or cognitive effects is currently unknown. To better understand the potential for neurological sequelae associated with acquired Zika virus infection in children, we reviewed the biological, clinical, and epidemiologic literature and summarized the evidence for this link. First, we review biological mechanisms for neurological manifestations of Zika virus infection in experimental studies. Second, we review observational studies of congenital Zika virus infection and case studies and surveillance reports of neurological sequelae of Zika virus infection in adults and in children. Lastly, we discuss the challenges of conducting Zika virus-neurological sequela studies and future directions for pediatric Zika virus research.
Implementation of the Sepsis Risk Calculator at an Academic Birth Hospital

BACKGROUND: Multivariate predictive models for estimating the risk of neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) are available as a Web-based sepsis risk calculator (SRC) and may reduce the proportion of newborns empirically treated with antibiotics after birth. EOS risk assessment based on such models would require workflow changes at most birth hospitals. METHODS: A multidisciplinary team of obstetric, neonatal, and information technology staff at a large, academic, birth hospital collaborated to implement the SRC. The obstetric electronic medical record was modified to provide a link to the SRC. Labor and delivery nurses calculated the sepsis risk at birth and alerted neonatal clinicians for risk estimates ≥0.7 cases per 1000 live births. Subsequent interventions were based on the risk estimate and newborn clinical examination. We compared the proportion of infants born at ≥36 weeks’ gestation with laboratory testing and empirical antibiotics for risk of EOS during the 15-month periods before (n = 5692) and after (n = 6090) implementation. EOS cases were reviewed to assess for safety. RESULTS: Empirical antibiotic use among newborns ≤72 hours old declined by 42% (6.3% to 3.7%; relative risk 0.58 [95% confidence interval, 0.50–0.69]), and laboratory testing declined by 82% (26.9% to 4.9%; relative risk 0.18 [95% confidence interval, 0.16–0.21]). The EOS incidence was not different between the study periods, and no safety concerns were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The SRC was integrated into the workflow of a large, academic perinatal center, resulting in significant reductions in antibiotics and laboratory testing for EOS and demonstrating the potential for this approach to impact national practice.
A Comprehensive Method to Measure 3-Dimensional Bra Motion During Physical Activity

Breast and bra motion research aims to understand how the breasts/bra move to aid development of apparel that minimizes motion. Most previously published research has tracked nipple motion to represent bra motion. However, this method does not provide information regarding regional tissue motion. A more comprehensive approach might facilitate understanding how the entire soft-tissue mass moves during physical activities. This study developed and tested an objective method to comprehensively measure 3-dimensional bra motion, including regional displacement and velocity, displacement phasing, and surface stretch. To test the method, 6 females were fitted with a minimally supportive, seamless bra (small bra n = 3; large bra n = 3). Data were collected as participants ran on a treadmill. Results indicated marker displacement, velocity, link stretch, and link stretch velocities reached as high as 52.6 (6.8) mm, 504.8 (88.7) mm/s, 29.5% (7.1%) of minimum length, and 3.8 (1.0) mm/s/mm, respectively, with the large bra having greater motions compared with the small. Most bra motion occurred above/below the nipple region and at the bra's strap-body interface, independent of bra size. Importantly, maximum marker displacement and velocity did not occur at the nipple. Measurements obtained from this new method may be important for designing innovative clothing that minimizes bra motion during physical activity.
The Complexity of \(\mathbb{G}\mathbb{F}\)(2)-Matrix Operations

Here, we propose a new model, counting matrix-memory operations instead of field operations, for reasons to be discussed. It turns out this model describes reality only partially—but we will explicitly discuss the circumstances in which the model is descriptive and in which it fails, see Section 7.1.4 on Page 92. The complexity expressions are summarized in Table 7.1 on Page 105. Also of interest are certain data structure choices that we made in arranging our linear algebra library, see Section 9 on Page 133. This library was used by Nicolas Courtois in his cryptographic research, as well as by the author, and now forms part of the \(\mathbb{G}\mathbb{F}\)(2) linear algebra suite of SAGE [7], an open source competitor to MAGMA [2], MATLAB [5], MAPLE [3], and MATHEMATICA[4]. These are described in Section 7.4 on Page 94.
Youth beliefs and knowledge about the risks of drinking while pregnant

Because no published studies of young persons' knowledge and awareness of fetal alcohol syndrome are available, the awareness and beliefs about drinking while pregnant in several large samples of young persons ages 13-20 are examined. Approximately 81 percent of the entire sample that completed questionnaires in school surveys believe that drinking alcohol while pregnant can definitely harm the fetus, although males and younger persons are less likely to believe in this risk. A substantial proportion of respondents believe that occasional heavy use is not harmful and suggest a safe level of drinking that is higher than the Surgeon General's abstinence recommendations. Only 72 percent have heard of fetal alcohol syndrome, and more than one-third incorrectly report that it describes a baby born addicted to alcohol, that the syndrome can be inherited, and that it can be cured. As in prior studies of adults, beliefs about drinking while pregnant are inconsistent with the Surgeon General's recommendations. Implications for increasing the awareness of the risk of drinking while pregnant are discussed.
A reduced graphene oxide/Co3O4 composite for supercapacitor electrode

20 nm sized Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles are in-situ grown on the chemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets to form a rGO-Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} composite during hydrothermal processing. The rGO-Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} composite is employed as the pseudocapacitor electrode in the 2 M KOH aqueous electrolyte solution. The rGOCo{sub 3}O{sub 4} composite electrode exhibits a specific capacitance of 472 F/g at a scan rate of 2 mV/s in a two-electrode cell. 82.6% of capacitance is retained when the scan rate increases to 100 mV/s. The rGOCo{sub 3}O{sub 4} composite electrode shows high rate capability and excellent long-term stability. It also exhibits high energy density at relatively high power density. The energy density reaches 39.0 Wh/kg at a power density of 8.3 kW/kg. The super performance of the composite electrode is attributed to the synergistic effects of small size and good redox activity of the Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} particles combined with high electronic conductivity of the rGO sheets.
Design for Computer-Mediated Multilingual Communication with AI Support

Machine translation is often not enough for people to engage across languages due to translation errors and lack of cultural background. In addressing these challenges, my dissertation explores how AI-augmented analytics can improve computer-mediated communication between speakers of different native languages. First, to support better sense making of foreign language posts in social media, I designed SenseTrans, a tool that adds contextual information using AI-analytics such as sentiment analysis. In my future work, I intend to explore 1) how people perceive, interpret and make use of AI-generated information, and 2) how AI-augmented analytics could be applied to other settings.
The High Precision of Functional and Neuromuscular Measures to Classify Sarcopenia in Older Women

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous literature suggests that reductions in appendicular skeletal mass (ASM) may have a greater detrimental effect than total lean body mass regarding the onset and progression of sarcopenia. Unfortunately, limited access to equipment that accurately determines ASM often leads to many individuals remaining undiagnosed and experiencing functional decline. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the ability of functional and neuromuscular measures to identify ASM in older women. METHODS Forty-one (sarcopenic n = 15) older women underwent body composition analysis via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and performed the following measures: bench press (BP) 1-repetition maximum strength (1RM), vertical jump height and power, handgrip strength, Timed Up and Go test, Berg Balance Scale testing, and bench press power testing at 20%, 40%, and 60% 1RM. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Regression analyses revealed 3 significant models accounting for 93.8%, 91.1%, and 86.4% of the variance in DXA-derived ASM. Paired-samples t tests revealed no significant differences between model-derived and DXA-derived ASM for each model, and each model was significantly correlated to DXA-derived ASM (P < .001). In addition, each model revealed a strong ability to appropriately classify sarcopenia status, with the area under the curve values ranging from 0.86 to 0.93. The present data indicate that ASM can be determined with high precision by measuring outcome variables such as jump power, body weight, and grip strength in older women. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the present models could be used to identify, screen, or classify older women as sarcopenic, ultimately allowing the implementation of interventions aimed at decreasing the difficulty of activities of daily living and increasing quality of life.