cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Minimum rate guarantee without per-flow information

This paper introduces a scalable maxmin flow control protocol which guarantees the minimum rate for each connection-oriented flow without requiring per-flow information. The protocol is called MR-ASAP (minimum rate guaranteeing adaptive source-link accounting protocol). MR-ASAP is an extension of ASAP, the first exact maxmin flow control protocol for best-effort connection-oriented traffic in integrated service networks, without requiring per-flow accounting at the intermediate network node. In the classical maxmin computation, only the maximum rate constraints are considered; in this paper the minimum rate requirements are treated similarly as the maximum rate constraints. Existing protocols that achieve exact maxmin optimality with minimum rate guarantee require per-flow information and complex computation such as sorting of the minimum rates at the switch. By generalizing the concept of constraint, the complex sorting and per-flow accounting required in the existing protocols are avoided. Simulation demonstrates fast convergence to optimality.
Accelerating Muons to 2400 GeV/c with Dogbones Followed by Interleaved Fast Ramping Iron and Fixed Superconducting Magnets

The first acceleration stage for this muon collider scenario includes twenty passes through a single two GeV Linac. Teardrop shaped arcs of 1.8 Tesla fixed field magnets are used at each end of the Linac. This dogbone geometry minimizes muon decay losses because muons pass through shorter arcs when their gamma boost is low. Two 2200 meter radius hybrid rings of fixed superconducting magnets and iron magnets ramping at 200 Hz and 330 Hz are used as part of the second stage of muon acceleration. Muons are given 25 GeV of RF energy per orbit. Acceleration is from 250 GeV/c to 2400 GeV/c and requires a total of 86 orbits in both rings; 82% of the muons survive. The total power consumption of the iron dipoles is 4 megawatts. Stranded copper conductors and thin magnetic laminations are used to reduce power losses.
EKL—a mathematically oriented proof checker

EKL is an interactive theorem-proving system currently under development at the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory.
FPGA-based control of power converter: comparing alternative solutions

This paper presents a comparison of a set of different strategies for the application of field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based control for power converters. In particular, the comparison focuses on both the control performance and the complexity of the FPGA implementation. Both nonlinear and linear control strategies are analyzed and compared. Our main goal is to identify the best approach for exploiting FPGA technology in power converter control. Furthermore, our main contribution is to establish solid design guidelines for the use of FPGA-based control in the power electronics field
A multiple catheter technique for studies of hepatic metabolism and blood flow in dogs with portacaval transposition.

A technique is described for in vivo hepatic metabolic studies, employing a multiple catheterization technique in dogs with chronic portacaval transposition. The animals are studied in the unanesthetized state immediately after the insertion of catheters through peripheral cut-downs. The gradient of metabolites entering and leaving the liver can be measured concomitantly with hepatic plasma flow. Additional simultaneous gradients can be obtained across the splanchnic capillary bed, or the hindquarters. Drugs can be introduced into the circulation by a systemic route or by primary injection into the hepatic circulation. The advantages of this approach compared to other methods of evaluating moment to moment hepatic function are discussed. © 1962.
Influence of salinity, bottom topography, and tides on locations of estuarine turbidity maxima in northern San Francisco Bay

Time series of salinity and suspended-solids concentration measured at four locations and vertical profiles of salinity and suspended-solids concentration measured during 48 water-quality cruises from January 1993 to September 1997 are analyzed to describe the influence of salinity, bottom topography, and tides on locations of estuarine turbidity maxima in northern San Francisco Bay, California. Estuarine turbidity maxima form when salinity is present but they are not associated with a singular salinity. Bottom topography enhances salinity stratification, gravitational circulation and estuarine turbidity maxima formation seaward of sills. The spring/neap tidal cycle affects locations of estuarine turbidity maxima. Salinity stratification in Carquinez Strait, which is seaward of a sill, is greatest during neap tides, which is the only time when tidally averaged suspended-solids concentration in Carquinez Strait was less than that observed landward at Mallard Island. Spring tides cause the greatest vertical mixing and suspended-solids concentration in Carquinez Strait. Therefore, surface estuarine turbidity maxima always were located in or near the Strait (seaward of Middle Ground) during spring tide cruises, regardless of salinity. During neap tides, surface estuarine turbidity maxima always were observed in the landward half of the study area (landward of Middle Ground) and between 0–2 practical salinity units.
Combined in utero hypoxia-ischemia and lipopolysaccharide administration in rats induces chorioamnionitis and a fetal inflammatory response syndrome

Abstract Introduction Preterm birth is a major cause of infant morbidity and long-term disability, and is associated with numerous central nervous system (CNS) deficits. Infants exposed to intrauterine inflammation, specifically chorioamnionitis, are at risk for very early preterm birth and neurological complications including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and behavioral and cognitive deficits. However, placenta-brain axis abnormalities and their relationship to subsequent permanent CNS injury remain poorly defined. Methods Intrauterine injury was induced in rats on embryonic day 18 (E18) by transient systemic hypoxia-ischemia (TSHI) and intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Placenta, brain and serum were collected from E19 to postnatal day 0 (P0). Histology, TUNEL staining, western blot and multiplex immunoassays were used to quantify placental and brain abnormalities, and fetal serum cytokine levels. Results Prenatal TSHI + LPS caused acute and subacute placental injury hallmarked by inflammatory infiltrate, edema, hemorrhage and cell death along with placental increases in IL-1β and TNFα. TSHI + LPS increased a diverse array of circulating inflammatory proteins including IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, IL-4, IFNγ and CXCL1, both immediately after TSHI + LPS and in live born pups. CNS inflammation was characterized by increased CXCL1. Discussion Prenatal TSHI + LPS in rats induces placental injury and inflammation histologically consistent with chorioamnionitis, concomitant with elevated serum and CNS pro-inflammatory cytokines. This model accurately recapitulates key pathophysiological processes observed in extremely preterm infants including placental, fetal, and CNS inflammation. Further investigation into the mechanism of CNS injury following chorioamnionitis and the placental-brain axis will guide the use of future interventions.
Gal4p-Mediated Chromatin Remodeling Depends on Binding Site Position in Nucleosomes but Does Not Require DNA Replication

Biochemical studies have demonstrated decreased binding of various proteins to DNA in nucleosome cores as their cognate sites are moved from the edge of the nucleosome to the pseudodyad (center). However, to date no study has addressed whether this structural characteristic of nucleosomes modulates the function of a transcription factor in living cells, where processes of DNA replication and chromatin modification or remodeling could significantly affect factor binding. Using a sensitive, high-resolution methyltransferase assay, we have monitored the ability of Gal4p in vivo to interact with a nucleosome at positions that are known to be inaccessible in nucleosome cores in vitro. Gal4p efficiently bound a single cognate site (UASG) centered at 41 bp from the edge of a positioned nucleosome, perturbing chromatin structure and inducing transcription. DNA binding and chromatin perturbation accompanying this interaction also occurred in the presence of hydroxyurea, indicating that DNA replication is not necessary for Gal4p-mediated nucleosome disruption. These data extend previous studies, which demonstrated DNA replication-independent chromatin remodeling, by showing that a single dimer of Gal4p, without the benefit of cooperative interactions that occur at complex wild-type promoters, is competent for invasion of a preestablished nucleosome. When the UASG was localized at the nucleosomal pseudodyad, relative occupancy by Gal4p, nucleosome disruption, and transcriptional activation were substantially compromised. Therefore, despite the increased nucleosome binding capability of Gal4p in cells, the precise translational position of a factor binding site in one nucleosome in an array can affect the ability of a transcriptional regulator to overcome the repressive influence of chromatin.
Immunocytochemical localization of cytochromes P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase and aromatase in embryonic cell layers of elongating porcine blastocysts.

Localized expression of cytochromes P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase (P450c17) and aromatase (P450arom) was investigated in embryonic cell layers of elongating porcine blastocysts by immunocytochemistry. Blastocysts were flushed from the uterus on day 12 of pregnancy, fixed in paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained using immunogold- and peroxidase-based techniques. Staining for both P450c17 and P450arom was intense in spherical 7- to 10-mm blastocysts, but was absent in earlier stage 2- to 4-mm blastocysts and less intense or absent in later stage 20-mm and filamentous embryos. Cytochrome P450c17 was limited to the trophoblast of all blastocysts expressing the enzyme, and in spherical 7- to 10-mm blastocysts, essentially all cells of the trophoblast layer stained positively for P450c17. However, as elongation became apparent in 10-mm blastocysts, the cells of the trophoblast became flattened, and the expression of P450c17 declined particularly in those trophoblast cells adjacent to the em...
An exploration of the potential energy surface of the seven atom silver cluster and a carbon monoxide ligand

In a recent study [P.H. Acioli, N. Ratanavade, M.R. Cline, S. Srinivas, Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 5545, 203 (2009)] of the interaction of small silver clusters (Ag n , n = 1–4) with carbon monoxide we have found that the CO molecule can bond with the cluster either in a bent or in a linear configuration with respect to the silver carbon bond. These trends were explained by the interaction of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the cluster and the antibonding (π ∗) orbital, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of CO. For a σ-type orbital of the cluster the CO molecule is bent with respect to the Ag-C bond, while for a π-type HOMO the CO molecule is aligned with respect to the Ag-C bond. These trends tend to maximize the overlap of the CO molecule’s LUMO with the cluster’s HOMO. Furthermore, the CO molecules have a tendency to bond atop an atom rather than on bridge or face sites. In the present work we extend the investigation to clusters of up to seven atoms. The focus of this paper is on the 7-atom silver cluster which shows interesting complexities in that the cluster is characterized by a π-like HOMO but has the CO bonded to a waist atom of the pentagonal bi-pyramid and bent with respect to the Ag-C bond, thus breaking the previously observed trend. In this work we provide an analysis of the potential energy surface of the CO bonded to Ag7 and explain why the bonding differs from those of the smaller clusters. We find that the bonding is still explained by a π-backdonation process. However, unlike the lowest size clusters there is an increase in overlap through bending and the complex prefers this conformation, rather than a linear Ag-C-O configuration.
The preparation of high molecular weight divalent “antigens” of defined size

Abstract A simple, rapid procedure for the synthesis of divalent “antigens” that consist of high molecular weight polyethylene oxide chains bearing dinitrophenyl groups at their ends and for their fractionation to near size-homogeneity is described.
Demonstration that bovine erythrocyte cytochrome b5 is the hydrophilic segment of liver microsomal cytochrome b5.

Abstract A structural comparison has been made between bovine erythrocyte cytochrome b5 and solubilized forms of bovine hepatic microsomal cytochrome b5. Two soluble forms of microsomal cytochrome b5 (designated Forms A and B) were generated by digestion of microsomes with a crude hepatic lysosomal cathepsin preparation and purified by successive chromatography on DEAE-cellulose,Bio-Gel P-60 and DEAE-Sephadex A-50.Amino acid analyses and terminal residue analyses identified Form A as the segment corresponding to residues 1∗95 of the native microsomal protein and Form B as the segment corresponding to residues 1∗107. Erythrocyte cytochrome b5 I was shown to be a protein which corresponds to a segment of the hepatic microsomal molecule containing residues 1∗97, whereas erythrocyte cytochrome b5 II is a protein corresponding to residues 1∗95. Like the native microsomal cytochrome and the cathepsin-solubilized forms of the cytochrome, no amino terminal residue could be detected in the erythrocyte cytochrome.Carboxypeptidases A and B released from erythrocyte Form I a residue eluting at the position of serine, but released no residue from Form II. The results are consistent with serine being the residue at position 97 of the native microsomal protein, and proline and serine being the residues in positions 94 and 95, respectively. The maps of the tryptic peptides derived from the apoprotein forms of erythrocyte cytochrome b5 I and II and cathepsin-solubilized microsomal Forms A and B were very similar, with eight of the expected twelve peptides displaying the same mobility on every map. Amino acid analyses of the isolated tryptic peptides from erythrocyte Form I and hepatic Form B confirmed the structural assignments of these proteins. These data demonstrate that the soluble forms of erythrocyte cytochrome b5 correspond to hydrophilic segments of the native membrane-bound microsomal cytochrome b5 and suggest that the hepatic lysosomal proteases serve as a good model for the putative erythroid proteases which solubilize microsomal cytochrome b5 during erythroid maturation.
The Transmembrane Domain of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ORF7b Protein Is Necessary and Sufficient for Its Retention in the Golgi Complex

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) ORF7b (also called 7b) protein is an integral membrane protein that is translated from a bicistronic open reading frame encoded within subgenomic RNA 7. When expressed independently or during virus infection, ORF7b accumulates in the Golgi compartment, colocalizing with both cis- and trans-Golgi markers. To identify the domains of this protein that are responsible for Golgi localization, we have generated a set of mutant proteins and analyzed their subcellular localizations by indirect immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. The N- and C-terminal sequences are dispensable, but the ORF7b transmembrane domain (TMD) is essential for Golgi compartment localization. When the TMD of human CD4 was replaced with the ORF7b TMD, the resulting chimeric protein localized to the Golgi complex. Scanning alanine mutagenesis identified two regions in the carboxy-terminal portion of the TMD that eliminated the Golgi complex localization of the chimeric CD4 proteins or ORF7b protein. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the Golgi complex retention signal of the ORF7b protein resides solely within the TMD.
Rehabilitating materiality: bodies, gods, and religion

In More Than Belief, Manuel A. Vasquez offers a theory of religion that attends to its multiple materialities by locating what religion scholars study in networks of bodies engaging in practices in particular places. With Vasquez' approach as a jumping-off point, this essay draws upon actor-network theory, as developed by John Law and Bruno Latour and applied by Albert Piette and Matthew Day, not only to attend to the materiality of human bodies but also to construe non-human entities, such as the gods and the category of ‘religion’ itself, as effective actors in the world.
Low-energy Phenomenology of Some Supersymmetric E6 Breaking Patterns

We examine several patterns of breaking for supersymmetric and nonsupersymmetric E/sub 6/ theories that lead to an extra U(1) symmetry which at low energies (< or approx. =1 TeV) can reveal itself by the existence of an extra Z boson. We examine the phenomenological implications of such theories, including the predictions for the proton lifetime, the electroweak mixing angle, and the couplings of all the fermions to the new Z boson. In addition, we examine the constraints on the mass and width of the second Z from the present neutral-current and CERN pp-bar collider data. This analysis is especially relevant in light of recent results from superstring theories.
WE‐C(SAM)‐211‐02: Magnetic Resonance Safety Guidelines: Update, 2011

Adverse events involving magnetic resonancesafety breaches have helped to bring the topic of MRsafety into sharp focus in the professional as well as lay press. In response to these events, the American College of Radiology formed a Blue Ribbon Panel on MRSafety — the ACR MRSafety Committee ‐ to review current state of the art for MRsafety practices and standards, and issue recommendations that might help sites establish their own MR Safe Practice Guidelines, Practices, and Policies. This presentation will present specific recommendations incorporated into the ACR MR Safe Practice Guidelines document, initially released in 2001 and subsequently updated in 2004, 2007, and now again in 2011. These include site access restrictions and the four zone concept surrounding all MR installations, MRsafety education recommendations, and specific patient practices designed to standardize our collective approach to dealing with the unique safety considerations associated with clinical and research MR sites throughout the world today.
Resolution and Linearity of Anger-Type Neutron-Position Detectors as Simulated with Different Signal Processing and Optics

The spatial linearity and resolution of Angertype neutron-position scintillation detectors are studied using a semi-empirical model. Detector optics with either an air gap or optical grease between the scintillator and the dispersive light guide are considered. An air gap focuses the scintillation light on the photomultiplier tubes nearest the scintillation point. Four signal processing methods which truncate signals from photomultipler tubes distant from the scintillation are compared with the linear resistive weighting method. Using linear processing, air-gap optics yield a 25% improvement in resolution distance and an 80% reduction in integral nonlinearity relative to grease-coupled optics. With either optics, using signal truncation instead of linear processing improves the resolution distance 5-15%.
Internet resources for Tibetan medicine.

Abstract Tibetan medicine has a history of over one thousand years. With the recent fascination with Tibet and Tibetan culture, Tibetan medicine is receiving greater attention from the public, scholars, and the media. In the past few years, researchers and practitioners of Tibetan medicine have established a presence on the Internet, evident through Web sites and discussion groups. This paper presents a sampling of valuable resources about Tibetan medicine readily accessible on the Internet. The selected sites were evaluated on the basis of quality and quantity of information, authoritativeness, currency of material, quality of links, and navigability.
Membrane association of the C-terminal half of the open reading frame 1a protein of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus

ORF 1a of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, strain P (LDV-P), encodes a protein of 2206 amino acids. Eisenberg hydrophobic moment analysis of the protein predicted the presence of eleven transmembrane segments in the C-terminal half of the molecule (amino acids 980–1852) that flank the serine protease domain. cDNAs encoding ORF 1a protein segments encompassing transmembrane segments 5 to 11 and its amphipathic C-terminal end as well as the N-terminal 80 amino acids of the downstream ORF 1b protein were transcribed and the transcripts in vitro translated in the absence and presence of microsomal membranes. The synthesis of the protein products with putative transmembrane segments was enhanced by the presence of the microsomal membranes and the proteins became membrane associated. When synthesized in the absence of membranes they were recovered in the supernatant upon ultracentrifugation of the translation reaction mixtures, whereas they were recovered in the membrane pellet when synthesized in the presence of membranes. Furthermore, the latter proteins were not released from the membranes by disruption of the membrane vesicles in carbonate buffer, pH 11.5, and large portions of the proteins were resistant to digestion by trypsin, chymotrypsin and proteinase K. No N-glycosylation was observed and only little, if any, processing of the protein by the putative serine protease. The results indicate that the C-terminal half of the ORF 1a protein represents a non-glycosylated integral membrane protein. Potential modes of synthesis and function of the protein are discussed. In addition, the results showed that the synthesis of the ORF 1a protein was generally terminated at its termination codon, but that read-through into the ORF 1b gene occurred with low frequency.
An exploration of the role natural language and idiosyncratic representations in teaching how to convert among fractions, decimals, and percents

Abstract Using qualitative data collection and analyses techniques, we examined mathematical representations used by sixteen (N = 16) teachers while teaching the concepts of converting among fractions, decimals, and percents. We also studied representational choices by their students (N = 581). In addition to using geometric figures and manipulatives, teachers used natural language such as the words nanny and house to characterize mathematical procedures or algorithms. Some teachers used the words or phrases bigger, smaller, doubling, and building-up in the context of equivalent fractions. There was widespread use of idiosyncratic representations by teachers and students, specifically equations with missing equals signs and not multiply/dividing by one to find equivalent fractions. No evidence though of a relationship between representational forms and degree of correctness of solutions was found on student work. However, when students exhibited misconceptions, those misconceptions were linked to teachers’ use of idiosyncratic representations.
Mechanical Behavior of Extruded Prismatic Cellular Metals

Abstract Various aspects of mechanical behavior are addressed for periodic prismatic cellular metals or metal honeycombs that can be processed using powder metal oxide extrusion technology, including effective elastic properties, initial yield surfaces, quasi-static crushing, and post-buckling behavior. It is demonstrated that the cell geometry plays an important role in determining the mechanical behavior for the same relative density of various cell structures, and that the additional consideration of alloy system leads to significant capability to tailor these materials for various applications. Finally, we point to the need for functionally gradient cell structures to deliver improved performance for multifunctional applications, and briefly discuss appropriate systems-based materials design approaches.
The Rsp5 Ubiquitin Ligase Binds to and Ubiquitinates Members of the Yeast CIN85-Endophilin Complex, Sla1-Rvs167

Abstract Sla1 and Rvs167 are yeast proteins required for receptor internalization and organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Here we provide evidence that Sla1 and Rvs167 are orthologues of the mammalian CIN85 and endophilin proteins, respectively, which are required for ligand-stimulated growth factor receptor internalization. Sla1 is similar in domain structure to CIN85 and binds directly to the endophilin-like Rvs167. Akin to CIN85, Sla1 interacts with synaptojanins and a ubiquitin ligase that regulates endocytosis. This ubiquitin ligase, Rsp5, binds directly to both Sla1 and Rvs167. The interaction between Rsp5 and Rvs167 is mediated through Rsp5 WW domains and PXY motifs in the central Gly-Pro-Ala-rich domain of Rvs167. Rvs167 PXY motifs are required for Rsp5-dependent monoubiquitination of Rvs167 on Lys481 in the Src homology 3 (SH3) domain. Mutation of Lys481 → Arg causes cells to grow slowly on medium containing 1 m NaCl, although this phenotype is not due to the defect in ubiquitination caused by the K481R mutation. We propose that Rsp5 interaction with Sla1-Rvs167 promotes Rvs167 ubiquitination and regulates activity of this protein complex. Rvs167 ubiquitination is not required for general function of Rvs167, but may control specific Rvs167 SH3 domain-protein interactions or negatively regulate SH3 domain activity.
Angle calculations for a `4S+2D' six-circle diffractometer

Angle calculations are derived for the operation of a `4S+2D' six-circle X-ray or neutron diffractometer. The six degrees of freedom [four sample-orienting (`4S') and two detector-orienting (`2D')] of the diffractometer are used to control the scattering vector and a reference vector in the laboratory frame of reference. Several modes of operation unavailable in other types of diffractometer are presented.
A genetic screen to identify sequences that mediate protein oligomerization in Escherichia coli.

Abstract Many proteins assemble as oligomeric complexes and in several cases a distinct domain mediates the interaction between the subunits. The identification of new oligomerization modules is relevant to comprehend both the architecture and the evolution of protein sequences and also for protein engineering applications. Using the bacteriophage λ repressor dimerization assay, we searched Escherichia coli genomic libraries for sequences able to mediate protein oligomerization in vivo. We identified short peptides that can substitute very effectively the dimerizing domain of the repressor. Most of these peptides belong to open reading frames that are normally not expressed in the bacterial cell.
Circulating leptin and pain perception among tobacco-dependent individuals

Recent preclinical evidence suggests that leptin may modulate the stress response and may increase nociception. In this study, we examined for the first time the extent to which cigarette smoking is associated with leptin levels during an extended rest period and in response to noxious stimuli. Repeated blood samples were collected during a laboratory session from smokers and nonsmokers and assayed for leptin. Pain experiences, as well as neuroendocrine and cardiovascular measures, were collected across cold pressor and thermal heat pain tests. Both analysis of variance and correlations confirmed that smokers demonstrated dysregulations in leptin responsivity and association with pain relative to nonsmokers. The flat pattern of leptin release and the weak associations of this hormone with pain in smokers suggest a long-term effect of tobacco dependence on this regulatory hormone. In light of leptin's influence on reward pathways, further investigation of leptin's involvement in nicotine dependence is warranted.
Comparing a mechanical device with medicinal leeches for treating venous congestion.

Abstract Objective To compare mechanical device therapy to medicinal leech therapy for treating venous congestion. Study design Fasciocutaneous flaps of 9 × 7-cm (porcine model, n = 11) were elevated and the associated veins clamped for 15 hours. Device-treated flaps (n = 6) were treated with up to 3 devices/flap. Leech-treated flaps (n = 5) were treated with 75 leeches/flap (5 leeches/hour). Treatment evaluation parameters included: blood volume removed, skin color, surface perfusion, tissue oxygen tension, and endpoint histology. Results No significant differences were seen in blood volume removed, surface perfusion, and oxygen tension. However, significant differences were seen in skin color change over time. Histological assessment showed mild congestion in 5/5 leech-treated flaps and 2/6 device-treated flaps. Conclusion Device therapy was comparable to leech therapy for decongesting a 9 × 7-cm flap over a 15-hour period. However, digital images and significant differences in skin color change over time demonstrate that device therapy promotes more global decongestion versus leech therapy.
Calculation of the paramagnetic host spin-lattice relaxation time from impurity-ion EPR linewidth.

An expression, appropriate to calculate the spin-lattice relaxation time (SLRT) of the host paramagnetic ions, using the EPR linewidths of the impurity ion, is derived by use of the second moment for crystals consisting of two different kinds of spins. Estimations have been made of the SLRT of the ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$ ion in ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$-doped Yb${\mathrm{Cl}}_{3}$\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}6${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O and LiYb${\mathrm{F}}_{4}$ single crystals, as well as that of the ${\mathrm{Co}}^{2+}$ ion in a ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$-doped ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}$Co${(\mathrm{S}\mathrm{e}{\mathrm{O}}_{4})}_{2}$\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}6${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O single crystal. Significant differences are found in the values of SLRT as calculated using the presently derived expression from those calculated using the commonly used expression.
Pharmacodynamic Effects of Prasugrel Dosing Regimens in Patients on Maintenance Prasugrel Therapy: Results of a Prospective Randomized Study

Objectives The purpose of this study is to assess the pharmacodynamic effects of different prasugrel dosing regimens in patients on maintenance prasugrel therapy. Background There are a growing number of patients on chronic prasugrel therapy regimens, leading to questions about the dosing regimen of prasugrel to administer if percutaneous coronary intervention is required. Methods This is a prospective pharmacodynamic study in patients (n = 64) receiving maintenance prasugrel therapy who were randomly allocated to a 10 mg, 30 mg, or 60 mg dose of prasugrel. Pharmacodynamic assessments using multiple assays were conducted at 3 timepoints (baseline and 1 h and 4 h after dosing). Results Intragroup comparisons showed that a 60 mg dose reduced the platelet reactivity index (PRI) after 1 h (p = 0.004) and 4 h (p Conclusions For patients on maintenance prasugrel therapy, a 60 mg dosing strategy is associated with faster and higher platelet inhibition compared with lower doses, as assessed by P2Y12 specific assays. (Impact of Prasugrel Re-load on Platelet Aggregation in Patients on Chronic Prasugrel Therapy; NCT01201772)
Mothers' early depressive symptoms and children's first-grade adjustment: a transactional analysis of child withdrawal as a mediator

Background:The depression-inhibition hypothesis suggests that mothers’ depressive symptoms undermine development because they lead children to withdraw from social contact. To test this, this study examined whether poor first-grade adjustment among children of mothers with depressive symptoms is mediated by the emergence of child withdrawal in early development.Method:Based on 1,364 dyads, four waves of data spanning from 24 months to first grade (7 years) were used to examine paths by which children’s withdrawal mediates relations between mothers’ early depressive symptoms and three first-grade outcomes: social competence, academic performance, and externalizing behavior problems.Results:Structural equation modeling revealed three principal paths. First, direct relations were observed: Mothers’ depressive symptoms predicted early child withdrawal and increases in child withdrawal over time, which predicted poor first-grade adjustment. Second, reciprocal relations were observed: Mothers’ depressive symptoms predicted child withdrawal, which predicted increases in depressive symptoms. Third, relations via mother‐child mutual responsiveness were observed: Depression-related increases in child withdrawal predicted declines in mutual responsiveness, which predicted poor first-grade adjustment.Conclusion: The findings suggest that, due to its interdependence with maternal depression and low mother‐child mutual responsiveness over time, child withdrawal may play an important role in the poor first-grade adjustment of children whose mothers are high in depressive symptoms.Keywords:Mothers’ depressive symptoms, child inhibition, child withdrawal, mutual responsiveness.
Stabilization of Aeroelastic Instabilities of Panels Using Bifurcation Control With Piezoelectric Actuation

Aeroelastic instabilities of a panel may result in buckling (divergence) or flutter (Hopf bifurcation), when it is acted upon by induced aerodynamic and externally applied loads under supersonic/hypersonic environment in this paper. These instabilities are stabilized using nonlinear bifurcation control with piezoelectric actuation. The center manifold theory is used to extract subsystems which completely capture the bifurcation behavior of the original system near critical parameter values represented by sets of parametrised first-order differential equations with feedback control. The principle of normal form is used to simplify the nonlinear terms of the lower dimensional systems. The proposed controllers, which employ purely nonlinear state feedback, are used to modify the nonlinear characteristics of the post bifurcation limit sets by setting the amplitudes and rates of growth to the desired values. Numerical results show that the resulting closed-loop systems are effectively stabilized at the neighborhood of critical values.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Rat strain specific attenuation of estrogen action in the anterior pituitary gland by dietary energy restriction

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a 40% restriction of dietary energy consumption, relative to that consumed by rats allowed to feed ad libitum, on the ability of 17β-estradiol (E2) to induce pituitary tumorigenesis in two inbred rat strains, ACI and Copenhagen (COP), which are very closely related genetically. Ovary-intact ACI and COP rats were fed either a control or an energy-restricted diet beginning at 8 wk of age. Continuous treatment with E2, released from subcutaneous Silastic tubing implants, was initiated at 9 wk of age and the animals were killed 12 wk later. Estrogen-induced pituitary tumorigenesis is associated with rapid induction of lactotroph hyperplasia, increased pituitary mass, and hyperprolactinemia. E2 significantly increased pituitary mass and circulating prolactin (PRL) in both ACI and COP rats, and this response was significantly greater in ACI rats relative to COP. Dietary energy restriction did not inhibit E2-induced pituitary growth in the ACI rat. By contrast, E2-induced pituitary growth in COP rats was attenuated by dietary energy restriction, as evidenced by quantification of pituitary mass, pituitary weight to body weight ratio, circulating PRL, and pituitary cell proliferation. This study indicates that sensitivity to the inhibitory actions of dietary energy restriction on E2-induced pituitary tumorigenesis is genetically determined.
Equine Bilateral Renal Nodular Cortical Tubular Ectasia

A 16-year-old Thoroughbred pregnant mare was clinically presented with hemoabdomen and hind limb discomfort. Bilateral kidneys contained gross bilateral light brown firm cortical masses composed of severe cortical tubular ectasia histologically.
Evaluating the effects of reactivity to supervisor presence on staff response to tactile prompts and self‐monitoring in a group home setting

Because staff management research in group home settings typically involves direct observation of staff performance, reactivity to being observed is a potential limitation in these studies. The current study evaluated the use of a tactile prompt, self-monitoring, and feedback to increase positive interaction in a group home setting. Reactivity was assessed by having a confederate observe staff positive interaction when the supervisor was present and when the supervisor was absent. The effect of supervisor presence was evaluated using an alternating treatment within a multiple baseline across participants' research design. Results showed that two of four participants increased positive interactions only when a supervisor was present and the two other participants increased positive interaction only when a supervisor was present and provided feedback. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ritual experience and its emergence with story: An experience in meaning

The purpose of this research investigation was to understand the essential features and structures of ritual through the perceptions of 36 women's stories of their families of origin and how this may have had impact on their current sense of affiliation and meaning. Various theoretical perspectives were reviewed with a phenomenological lens. The study utilized findings from previous research in the areas of ritual, gender, and meaning. Results indicated a central theme of high ritual perspective affecting high current affiliation perspective. Ritual was a female-centered experience in the families. An experience of affiliation in one's family of origin seemed to indicate the creation of an affiliation template that allows one to recognize and experience a sense of relatedness in current connections.
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation in a Coupled General Circulation Model: Unforced Variations versus Forced Changes

A 1200-yr unforced control run and future climate change simulations using the Parallel Climate Model (PCM), a coupled atmosphere–ocean–land–sea ice global model with no flux adjustments and relatively high resolution (2.8° for the atmosphere and 2/3° for the oceans) are analyzed for changes in Atlantic Ocean circulations. For the forced simulations, historical greenhouse gas and sulfate forcing of the twentieth century and projected forcing for the next two centuries are used. The Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC) shows large multidecadal (15–40 yr) variations with mean-peak amplitudes of 1.5–3.0 Sv (1 Sv 10 6 m 3 s 1 ) and a sharp peak of power around a 24-yr period in the control run. Associated with the THC oscillations, there are large variations in North Atlantic Ocean heat transport, sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS), sea ice fraction, and net surface water and energy fluxes, which all lag the variations in THC strength by 2–3 yr. However, the net effect of the SST and SSS variations on upper-ocean density in the midlatitude North Atlantic leads the THC variations by about 6 yr, which results in the 24-yr period. The simulated SST and sea ice spatial patterns associated with the THC oscillations resemble those in observed SST and sea ice concentrations that are associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The results suggest a dominant role of the advective mechanism and strong coupling between the THC and the NAO, whose index also shows a sharp peak around the 24-yr time scale in the control run. In the forced simulations, the THC weakens by 12% in the twenty-first century and continues to weaken by an additional 10% in the twenty-second century if CO2 keeps rising, but the THC stabilizes if CO2 levels off. The THC weakening results from stabilizing temperature increases that are larger in the upper and northern Atlantic Ocean than in the deep and southern parts of the basin. In both the control and forced simulations, as the THC gains (loses) strength and depth, the separated Gulf Stream (GS) moves southward (northward) while the subpolar gyre centered at the Labrador Sea contracts from (expands to) the east with the North Atlantic Current (NAC) being shifted westward (eastward). These horizontal circulation changes, which are dynamically linked to the THC changes, induce large temperature and salinity variations around the GS and NAC paths.
A phylogenetic revision of Spilodiscus Lewis (Coleoptera: Histeridae)

Spilodiscus Lewis, a Nearctic group of Histerini, is polyphyletic as presently constituted. Morphological analyses indicate that the following species should be removed from the taxon to Hister: militaris Horn, lucanus Horn, patagiatus Lewis, sarcinatus Lewis, penulatus Lewis, tunicatus Lewis, humilis Fall, bilobatus Casey, and quadratulus Casey. Based on cladistic character evidence, Spilodiscus contains eight valid species (new junior synonyms in brackets). Morphological data supports exclusive, full-species status for S. arcuatus (Say), S. sellatus (LeConte), S. flohri (Lewis), and S. floridanus Ross. The remaining four taxa are ferespecies, which are putatively reproductively isolated entities whose phylogenetic exclusivity is not well-supported: S. ‘ulkei’ (Horn) [= Hister sculpticauda Casey, H. subcruentus Casey, H. coruscans Casey, H. iowensis Casey], S. ‘gloveri’ (Horn), S. ‘biplagiatus’ (LeConte), and S. ‘instratus’ (LeConte) [= Hister semiruber Casey, H. solaris Carnochan]. Over time the lineage...
Female sexuality comes out of the psychiatric closet.

(2001). Female Sexuality Comes Out of the Psychiatric Closet. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy: Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 203-204.
Split-drain MOSFET magnetic sensor arrays

Abstract The design of a monolithic split-drain MAGFET magnetic sensor array, implemented in a standard 3 μm CMOS process, is detailed. The MAGFETs in the array are scanned in a raster scan fashion. The rows are scanned by allowing current to flow through all elements in a given row, while all other rows are turned off. We present two different methods for performing the column scanning. In the first method, while a row is selected, the differential current output of the sensing elements in the row is amplified by a current mirror transresistance ampfifier which provides conversion of the current differential to a single ended voltage. The outputs of the current mirrors are then multiplexed to provide the column scan. The multiplexed signal then goes into a buffer stage which provides additional amplification and lowers the output impedance for driving external loads. The second scanning method is similar, but does the column multiplexing before the current mirror amplification stage. 32 × 32 and 64 × 64 element arrays have been implemented in 3 μm CMOS, through the MOSIS facility. Experimental results on the sensitivity of individual sensing elements as well as magnetic field images produced by these arrays are presented. The problems of sensor-to-sensor non-uniformity and the sensitivity of the arrays to interference from non-magnetic influences, especially the effect of stresses in the silicon substrate of the sensor chip, are discussed.
Anomalous saturation of mixed valence in cerium-based systems as studied by x-ray absorption

The mixed valence of cerium-based metallic systems, as determined, for example, by x-ray-absorption experiments, never rises above 3.2-3.3 The ${L}_{\mathrm{III}}$ absorption-edge studies we report here show that this saturation effect occurs abruptly as a function of lattice constant (or composition) in the pseudobinary system $\mathrm{Ce}{({\mathrm{Pd}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Rh}}_{x})}_{3}$, in which it is possible to vary both continuously and rapidly the electronic properties. The saturation anomaly (at the valence 3.21) occurs at $x\ensuremath{\approx}0.2$, the composition where anomalous saturation effects have been previously observed in the magnetic susceptibility, electronic specific heat, and electrical resistivity. The values of the latter quantities at $x\ensuremath{\approx}0.2$ suggest a valency of \ensuremath{\sim}4, when interpreted within the promotional model.
Magnetic Double Refraction in Liquids

An apparatus for measuring magnetic double refraction (Cotton-Mouton effect) in liquids is described. The chief feature of the apparatus is a very sensitive variable order compensator which is discussed in detail. Measurements made with this instrument indicate that path differences as small as $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}\ensuremath{\lambda}$ can be determined with a precision of about 12 percent provided use is made of very intense light having a wave-length lying within the region which corresponds to maximum visual response. The Cotton-Mouton constants of water and several organic liquids of the aliphatic series including four normal alcohols and five normal acetates are reported and compared with the previous determinations made by other investigators. Certain discrepancies are noted and discussed.
Air-Sea Interface in Hurricane Conditions

[1] Improving hurricane prediction models requires better understanding of complex processes taking place at the air-sea interface at high wind speeds. The change of the air-sea interaction regime in hurricane conditions has been linked to the mechanism of direct disruption of the air-sea interface by pressure fluctuations working against the surface tension force. This can be achieved through the Kelvin-Helmholtz type instability. In order to investigate this mechanism, we have conducted a series of 3D numerical experiments using a volume of fluid multiphase model. The experiments were initialized with either a flat interface or short wavelets and wind stress applied at the upper boundary of the air layer. The direct disruption of the air-water interface and formation of two-phase transition layer were observed in the numerical model under hurricane force wind. The vertical profiles of density and velocity in the transition layer were consistent with the regime of marginal stability, which permitted estimation of the lower limit on the drag coefficient under hurricane conditions. This limit was appreciably lower than the wave resistance law; though, it was gradually increasing with wind speed. The numerical experiments with imposed short wavelets demonstrated the tearing of wave crests, formation of water sheets and spume ejected into the air, smoothing of the water surface, as well as quasiperiodic structures on the top of wave crests resembling the Tollmien-Schlichting instability. This study can help in developing a framework for combining the effects of the two-phase environment with the contribution to the drag from waves.
The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Fast Camera Control System for Optical Diagnostics at Hydrodynamic Test Facilities

High speed photography with up to ten rotating turbine-mirror cameras is one of several diagnostics used at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for studying the hydrodynamics of nonnuclear explosions. At each of the multiple camera test facilities, a versatile and extensive computerized fast camera control system supports operation of the cameras over a vast range of camera, rotor, and speed configurations. The camera controller functions are distributed over many components of the bunker control systems in which they are embedded, and represent a significant portion of the parent control system. The system facilitates preparation for experiments using speeds and configurations never before practical, greatly improves reliability, and maintains a database for rotor quality assurance.
Attitudinal Changes During Methods Courses and Student Teaching

Is student teaching a disillusioning experience in respect to teacher–pupil relationships? Dr. McEwin presents evidence that it is.
A case-cohort design for epidemiologic cohort studies and disease prevention trials

SUMMARY Suppose that a cohort of individuals is to be followed in order to relate failure rates to preceding covariate histories. A design is proposed which involves covariate data only for cases experiencing failure and for members of a randomly selected subcohort. Odds ratio and relative risk estimation procedures are presented for such a 'case-cohort' design. A small simulation study compares case-cohort relative risk estimation procedures to full-cohort and synthetic case-control analyses. Relevance to epidemiologic cohort studies and disease prevention trials is discussed.