cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The End of Mamlūk Rule

Uhlike the Turkish Baḥris, the Burji Mamlūks were all Circassian with the exception of two: Khushqadam (1461–7) and Timurbugha (1467), who were Greek.1 The Burjis rejected even more emphatically than the Baḥris the principle of hereditary succession; the sultan was only primus inter pares with the real power in the hands of a military oligarchy. Of the twenty-three Burji sultans, whose reigns covered 134 years (1382–1517), nine ruled an aggregate of 124 years. These nine are Barqūq, Faraj, al-Mu’ayyad Shaykh, Barsbāy, Jaqmaq, Īnāl, Khushqadam, Qā’it-bāy and Qānṣawh al-Ghawri.2 The remaining fourteen were almost all of no consequence, and in one year, 1421, three different sultans were installed. Qā’it-bāy’s rule (1468–95) was not only the longest but in some respects the most important and successful.3
Laboratory Assessment of Physiologic and Pathologic Hemostasis

Clinical laboratory tests are available to detect activated platelets, coagulation enzymes and inhibitors, products of intravascular fibrin formation and dissolution, and drug monitoring. Since the integrity of the blood specimen for coagulation testing is a critical aspect of the validity of the test result, this chapter opens with a discussion on the acceptable practice for blood collection and handling. This chapter then describes all the commonly used and the newly developed hemostasis tests available for the clinical laboratory. Tests described include screening tests used to identify a defect for initial categorizing and special tests to confirm a diagnosis. Sections are devoted to tests that assess platelet function, fibrinolysis, a hypercoagulable state, and assessment of anticoagulant and antiplatelet drug treatment.
Rationing and Publicity

Should it not seem strange that so much attention is now being given to the prospect of rationing medical care in the United States? After all, if by “rationing” we suggest that access to medical care is limited in various ways, or that some people do not get the best care or even the basic care they need, then surely medical care always has been “rationed” in the United States ([11], [19], [32]). Among the fundamental reasons for such limits to care is one that is unlikely to change: The human capacity to develop new, often costly, and sometimes very scarce therapies outstrips the human capacity to make all such therapies available to everyone in need. So some method of restricting access must be a permanent feature of any system of providing medical care. Why, then, the present stir about rationing?
Democratic Authority and Respect for the Law

In recent years, scholars have argued that democratic provenance of law establishes moral requirements to obey it. We argue against this view, claiming that, rather than establishing moral requirements to obey the law, democratic provenance grounds only requirements to respect it. Establishing what we view as this more plausible account makes clear not only exactly what democracy itself contributes to requirements to obey the law but also important difficulties proponents of democratic authority must overcome in order successfully to make their case. To establish our claims, we focus on Thomas Christiano’s book, The Constitution of Equality, and a recent article by Daniel Viehoff.
A Layered Approach to Simulating Communication Systems using Simula

In this paper we describe a Simula package (or `context') for simulating radio communication networks. The context is developed in layers, the higher layers in the context being patterned after the levels of the ISO/OSI Reference Model. Each of the layers in our context is developed as a separate subclass of the standard Simula class Simulation, and layers that model OSI levels include interfaces to adjacent layers. The context provides an easy-to-use interface to a model of the Physical Layer (Layer1) of the OSI model. Within Layer1 we provide models for several types of radio communication systems including spread spectrum transmitters and receivers. Users can redefine some of the attributes of the transmitters and receivers defined in Layer1 without the need to modify Layer1 itself. We illustrate our approach with the example of a radio network that uses a carrier-sense multiple-access protocol for channel access.
The Use of Mindfulness in Trauma Counseling

Although there is increasing support for the use of mindfulness-based interventions in counseling, there has been little discussion of its use in trauma counseling. We explore the use of mindfulness interventions within trauma counseling, with particular attention to how mindfulness can address the neuropsychological aspects of trauma. A case example explicates the application of mindfulness in trauma counseling. Implications for counseling practice and counselor training and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Modeling risk for developing drug resistant bacterial infections in an MDR-naive critically ill population:

Purpose:To create a model predictive of an individual’s risk of developing a de novo multidrug-resistant (MDR) infection while in the intensive care unit (ICU).Methods:This is a case-control study ...
Demo: ArgosV3: An Efficient Many-Antenna Platform

We present the third generation of Argos platforms, ArgosV3, intended for real-world applications and research. Developed from scratch specifically for many-antenna MU-MIMO, ArgosV3 is highly efficient in space, power, computation, and cost. While this new platform is highly configurable, featuring FPGA SoCs and frequency agile transceivers capable of operation from 50 MHz to 3.8 GHz, it is also highly compact and power efficient, enabling a complete 160 radio base station in less than 2 cubic feet. ArgosV3 is currently being deployed in a campus-wide multi-cell many-antenna network. For our demonstration we will show a single ArgosV3 base station serving multiple clients using a realtime LTE stack.
T(H)-17: a giant step from T(H)1 and T(H)2.

CD4+ T cells have been classically separated into two dominant effector populations: T helper types 1 and 2. Two new studies suggest that T cells producing interleukin 17 constitute a previously unknown lineage of CD4+ T cells.
‘Purposely misspecified’ posterior inference on the volatility of a jump diffusion process

Abstract Bayesian analysis requires prior distributions for all model parameters, whether of interest or not. This can be a burden, for a number of reasons, especially when the nuisance parameters are high- or infinite-dimensional, so there is motivation to find a way around this without completely abandoning the Bayesian approach. Here we consider a general strategy of working with a purposely misspecified model to avoid dealing directly with nuisance parameters. We focus this investigation on an interesting and challenging problem of inference on the volatility of a jump diffusion process based on discrete observations. If we simply ignore the jumps, we can work out precisely the asymptotic behavior of the Bayesian posterior distribution based on the misspecified model. This result suggests some simple adjustments to correct for the effects of misspecification, and we demonstrate that a suitably corrected version of our purposely misspecified posterior leads to inference on the volatility that is asymptotically optimal.
Clinical Application of Patient-Centered Diabetes Care for People With Serious Mental Illness

IN BRIEF Patients with serious mental illness (SMI) have markedly higher mortality rates than those without SMI. A large portion of this disparity is explained by higher rates of diabetes and cardiovascular illness, highlighting the need for people with diabetes and SMI to have access to the highest quality diabetes care. This article applies principles of patient-centered diabetes care to those with SMI, exploring a novel approach to diabetes care embedded within a community mental health setting.
Toward Environmental Democracy? Procedural Environmental Rights and Environmental Justice

The global trend toward adopting environmental rights within national constitutions has been largely regarded as a positive development for both human rights and the natural environment. The impact...
An Investigation of a Major Rock-Crawling Event in Rural Oklahoma: Tourism Market, Tourists’ Expenditures, and Management Implications

An online survey was used to investigate a thriving outdoor activity in North America, rock-crawling. Using the participants of a major event called the “Big Meat Run,” the study examined different levels of rock-crawling specialization and their distinct behaviors and setting preferences. A total of 532 event participants completed the survey and provided valuable information regarding tourism market, tourists’ expenditures, and management implications. The results showed that the majority of event participants were serious and skilled rock-crawlers, who contributed to the local economy through substantial expenditure on vehicle gas and oils, lodging, food, and beverages. They tended to visit the area more often, stayed longer, and demonstrated genuine concern about program management as compared to casual rock-crawlers or event spectators. Improved supporting infrastructures such as designated parking and larger campsites, and management strategies such as zoning and regulations were recommended.
Time-Varying Value of Energy Efficiency in Michigan

Quantifying the time-varying value of energy efficiency is necessary to properly account for all of its benefits and costs and to identify and implement efficiency resources that contribute to a low-cost, reliable electric system. Historically, most quantification of the benefits of efficiency has focused largely on the economic value of annual energy reduction. Due to the lack of statistically representative metered end-use load shape data in Michigan (i.e., the hourly or seasonal timing of electricity savings), the ability to confidently characterize the time-varying value of energy efficiency savings in the state, especially for weather-sensitive measures such as central air conditioning, is limited. Still, electric utilities in Michigan can take advantage of opportunities to incorporate the time-varying value of efficiency into their planning. For example, end-use load research and hourly valuation of efficiency savings can be used for a variety of electricity planning functions, including load forecasting, demand-side management and evaluation, capacity planning, long-term resource planning, renewable energy integration, assessing potential grid modernization investments, establishing rates and pricing, and customer service (KEMA 2012). In addition, accurately calculating the time-varying value of efficiency may help energy efficiency program administrators prioritize existing offerings, set incentive or rebate levels that reflect the full value of efficiency, and design new programs.
Negotiating Calendar Time: 'Best Practices' and Teacher Sense-Making in a Public Pre-Kindergarten Classroom.

Within the United States, publicly funded pre-Kindergarten (pre-K) is a borderland of teacher practice - somewhere between early childhood and Elementary approaches to pedagogy. For pre-K teachers,...
Harvesting microalgae using ionic polyelectrolytes in an aqueous-organic two-phase system: Screening of separation parameters using model algal particles

Abstract Separation and recovery of microalgae from the aqueous medium that they reside in is difficult as a result of the nature of the algal cells, i.e., small cell size, density close to water, low concentration, and ability to stay suspended in water due to surface potential. In this study, an easy technique that can separate microalgae from aqueous phase to a water-immiscible organic phase utilizing the natural zeta potential of microalgae is reported. The technique involves the addition of the positively charged electrolyte, Mono/Poly-(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, DADMAC), which then interacts with the negatively charged biomass. The particle-bound electrolyte results in the formation of a hydrophobic ensemble which in turn migrates the particles from the aqueous phase to hydrophobic organic solvent phase. Approximately 80–85% of cellulose beads (model particles) and 80–82% of algae cells were displaced into hexane phase. Studies also indicated that the technique could be used to extract lipids without subjecting algal cells to disruption. The results pave the way for developing a low-cost method to dewater and separate whole algal cells by utilizing the inherent charges they carry. We anticipate the results being a starting point for the development of new separation technology targeting bioprocessing industry.
Foreword to Topics in Modern Physics, A Tribute to Edward U. Condon

During the academic year of 1929–30, which was punctuated by a dramatic descent in the stock market, I was a sophomore at Standford University and decided to do my bit to reverse negative trends in society by becoming a professional physicist. While still enjoying the feeling of euphoria brought on by this decision, I read in the university newspaper that the visiting professor in theoretical physics for the summer quarter would be a brilliant young man, twenty-eight years old, who had discovered the Franck-Condon principle while a graduate student at Berkeley, had spent two years at the great centers of theoretical physics in Europe as a National Research Council fellow, and had held prominent posts at the Bell Telephone Laboratories, Princeton University, and the University of Minnesota. Just a year earlier, he and Ronald Gurney had given an interpretation of spontaneous alpha disintegration of nuclei in terms of quantum mechanical tunneling. To top it all, the campus paper related that he had earned his way through Berkeley as one of the more worldly reporters for the Oakland Tribune. In this pursuit he had, among other things, stirred up a lively public discussion of whether a birdcage would weigh more or less when the bird was flying around inside instead of resting on its perch.
POINCARE AND PLANCHEREL-POLYA INEQUALITIES FOR SHANNON SAMPLING ON GRAPHS

We discuss Poincare and Plancherel-Polya-type inequalities on combinatorial graphs. We sharpen the previously obtained constants, we pro- vide a new upper frame bound, resulting in a better control over the tightness or condition number of the sampling estimate, and we consider general l p - norms. The results are then discussed for the Cayley graph over the group Z. In this setting, the sampling density required by the graph-theoretic criteria is essentially a constant multiple of the opimal density described by Shan- non's sampling theorem. Furthermore, it turns out that the tightness of the graph-theoretic sampling estimates can be controlled by fixing the degree of oversampling, uniformly for all bandwidths. These observations suggest that the estimates in our paper are close to optimal. (2000)Primary: 42C99, 05C99, 94A20; Secondary: 94A12 Combinatorial Laplace operator, Poincare and Plancherel-Polya-type inequalities on graphs, Paley-Wiener spaces, sampling sets on graphs, Hilbert frames. 1. Introduction and main results In this paper, we investigate sampling theorems for functions defined on graphs, continuing the research begun in (4, 5, 7). One motivation for studying such results is provided by wavelet systems, which have been developed for finite graphs in re- cent years (2, 3). Here, the spectral theory of the graph Laplacian is employed to define a scale of "frequency bands", and a decomposition of the elements supported in each frequency band into "wavelets" is derived. The existing constructions either rely on a brute-force computation of orthonormal bases for each frequency band (2), or on designing wavelet systems that are analogs of continuous wavelet systems over the reals (3). Both approaches have drawbacks: In the first case, the wavelets are not explicitly known, and only computed numerically, whereas the second ap- proach results in a highly redundant wavelet system. Hence it seems desirable to study alternatives, and subsampling techniques provide a welcome method for the reduction of redundancy. Let G denote an undirected, unweighted graph, with vertices V (G) and edges E(G). We do not assume that the set of vertices is finite. We let l p (G) denote the space of l p -sequences over V (G), for 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞. The aim of this paper are norm estimates for f ∈ l p (G) in terms of the restriction to suitable subsets. More precisely, we are interested in identifying suitable subspaces X ⊂ l p (G) as well as
Characterization of a mouse model of obesity-related fibrotic cardiomyopathy that recapitulates features of human heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is caused, or exacerbated by, a wide range of extracardiac conditions. Diabetes, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction are associated with a unique HFpEF phenotype, characterized by inflammation, cardiac fibrosis, and microvascular dysfunction. Development of new therapies for HFpEF is hampered by the absence of reliable animal models. The leptin-resistant db/ db mouse has been extensively studied as a model of diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy; however, data on the functional and morphological alterations in db/ db hearts are conflicting. In the present study, we report a systematic characterization of the cardiac phenotype in db/ db mice, focusing on the time course of functional and histopathological alterations and on the identification of sex-specific cellular events. Although both male and female db/ db mice developed severe obesity, increased adiposity, and hyperglycemia, female mice had more impressive weight gain and exhibited a modest but significant increase in blood pressure. db/ db mice had hypertrophic ventricular remodeling and diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction; the increase in left ventricular mass was accentuated in female mice. Histological analysis showed that both male and female db/ db mice had cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis, associated with marked thickening of the perimysial collagen, and expansion of the periarteriolar collagen network, in the absence of replacement fibrosis. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that fibrotic changes in db/ db hearts were associated with increased collagen synthesis by cardiac fibroblasts, in the absence of periostin, α-smooth muscle actin, or fibroblast activation protein overexpression. Male db/ db mice exhibited microvascular rarefaction. In conclusion, the db/ db mouse model recapitulates functional and histological features of human HFpEF associated with metabolic dysfunction. Development of fibrosis in db/ db hearts, in the absence of myofibroblast conversion, suggests that metabolic dysfunction may activate an alternative profibrotic pathway associated with accentuated extracellular matrix protein synthesis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We provide a systematic analysis of the sex-specific functional and structural myocardial alterations in db/ db mice. Obese diabetic C57BL6J db/ db mice exhibit diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction, associated with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, interstitial/perivascular fibrosis, and microvascular rarefaction, thus recapitulating aspects of human obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Myocardial fibrosis in db/ db mice is associated with a matrix-producing fibroblast phenotype, in the absence of myofibroblast conversion, suggesting an alternative mechanism of activation.
School and Community-based Nurse-led Asthma Interventions for School-aged Children and Their Parents: A Systematic Literature Review.

Abstract Problem Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the world. Lack of asthma knowledge can lead to asthma exacerbations, more emergency room visits, school absences, and decreased quality of life. This systematic review examines the effectiveness of educational intervention programs on asthma management for school-aged children and their parents beyond inpatient clinic settings. Eligibility Criteria Educational asthma interventions for school-aged children and their parents with comparison with usual asthma care and the outcome related to asthma management. Studies included were peer-reviewed and published in English within the last five years. Sample The eight study articles were identified in ProQuest, Medline, CINAHL, and PubMed databases. Results The review demonstrated that educational asthma interventions for children and their parents significantly improved knowledge and skills related to asthma self-management. Conclusions School and community-based asthma educational intervention programs are key components for good management of asthma condition. Well-planned asthma education programs are valuable and should go beyond inpatient clinic settings for promoting and maintaining health for children with asthma and their parents. Implications School nurses are well-positioned to assume a more prominent role in asthma care to improve child health and academic outcomes. School nurses have an opportunity to establish a trusting relationship that is foundational for collaborating with parents and students for better asthma management.
Impact of Electrode Structure on RF-Induced Heating for an AIMD Implanted Lead in a 1.5-Tesla MRI System

In this paper, the impact of the electrode structure on radio-frequency (RF) induced heating near an active implantable medical device implanted lead under magnetic resonance imaging exposure is investigated. The specific absorption rate (SAR) distributions and the temperature rises of the leads with different electrodes were assessed. It is shown that increasing the size of the lead electrode reduces the SAR distribution and temperature rise near the electrode. Our results indicate that a larger electrode size will reduce the magnitudes of the lead transfer function, subsequently reducing the heating effect near the electrode. Both numerical simulations and experimental measurements were performed to verify the effectiveness of a large electrode in mitigating the RF-induced heating.
Megacystis Microcolon Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome: MMIHS

Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is a rare congenital condition, and such patients tend to present with abdominal distension, a largely dilated nonobstructive bladder, microcolon, and severe functional intestinal obstruction without structural atresia or stenosis in the neonatal period. Currently, the etiology is not well understood, and there is no specific treatment for this condition. The majority of MMIHS patients repeat the intestinal obstruction and enteritis, so they require long-term PN and drainage stomas. The prognosis remains poor.
Performance and Energy Evaluation of SAR Reconstruction on Intel Knights Landing

The reconstruction of nxn-pixel Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery using a Back Projection algorithm incurs O(n2 · m) cost, where n2 is the number of pixels and m is the number of pulses. We have developed parallel algorithms and software for constructing multi-resolution SAR images on many-core architectures. We also develop load balancing algorithms for distributing workload to the available cores, thereby optimizing performance and energy. We evaluate the performance of our algorithms and the resulting energy consumption on an Intel Knights Landing (KNL) processor. We also present a comparison of execution time and energy between KNL, Ivy Bridge and Tesla K40m processors.
Cohabitation and Self-rated Health: The Role of Socioeconomic Status and Sexual Minority Status among U.S. Cohabitors:

This study examines whether health disparities between same-sex and different-sex cohabitors differ depending on socioeconomic status (SES). Previous research showed that SES mediates health dispar...
Quantifying Public Interest in Police Reforms by Mining Internet Search Data Following George Floyd's Death.

Background: The death of George Floyd while in police custody has resurfaced serious questions about police conduct that result in the deaths of unarmed persons. Objective: Data-driven strategies that identify and prioritize the public’s needs may engender a public health response to improve policing. We assessed how internet searches indicative of interest in police reform changed after Mr Floyd’s death. Methods: We monitored daily Google searches (per 10 million total searches) that included the terms “police” and “reform(s)” (eg, “reform the police,” “best police reforms,” etc) originating from the United States between January 1, 2010, through July 5, 2020. We also monitored searches containing the term “police” with “training,” “union(s),” “militarization,” or “immunity” as markers of interest in the corresponding reform topics. Results: The 41 days following Mr Floyd’s death corresponded with the greatest number of police “reform(s)” searches ever recorded, with 1,350,000 total searches nationally. Searches increased significantly in all 50 states and Washington DC. By reform topic, nationally there were 1,220,000 total searches for “police” and “union(s)”; 820,000 for “training”; 360,000 for “immunity”; and 72,000 for “militarization.” In terms of searches for all policy topics by state, 33 states searched the most for “training,” 16 for “union(s),” and 2 for “immunity.” States typically in the southeast had fewer queries related to any police reform topic than other states. States that had a greater percentage of votes for President Donald Trump during the 2016 election searched more often for police “union(s)” while states favoring Secretary Hillary Clinton searched more for police “training.” Conclusions: The United States is at a historical juncture, with record interest in topics related to police reform with variability in search terms across states. Policy makers can respond to searches by considering the policies their constituencies are searching for online, notably police training and unions. Public health leaders can respond by engaging in the subject of policing and advocating for evidence-based policy reforms.
Embracing failure in a first-year technology course

Although students might expect a technology literacy course to provide them with tool-driven educational experiences, first year students in a teachers college at a large public university in the United States discovered, instead, a course that would move them beyond technology use to reflective development and understanding. The course designers used Dewey’s natural impulses for learning to create a course with a range of innovative assignments and pedagogical approaches. The resulting experience immersed future educators in exploration, scaffolded learning, provided multiple opportunities, and allowed for intellectual and personal growth. In this paper, we will describe the conceptual structure of the course, provide examples of assignments and activities, and describe the use of technology both for pedagogy and instructor interaction and design. We will include samples of students’ work and a description of their experiences based on their reflections.
The Work of the Sixth Committee of the United Nations General Assembly in 2018 and 2019

The present instalment is the next in a series of articles reviewing the activities of the Sixth (Legal) Committee of the General assembly, since 2011.
Internationalisation, innovation, and academic–corporate co-publications

Research policy often asks for international academic collaboration or collaborations between universities and other actors in society. To improve the understanding of such collaborations, a systematic analysis of academic–corporate co-publications was conducted, with a focus on the international dimension. Based on the global volume of publications in the Scopus database, one result is that academic–corporate co-publications enjoy a higher citation impact than other types of publications. Another result is that such co-publications are to a large extent internationally co-authored. Studies of ten countries and the ten plus ten largest academic and corporate institutions in these countries in terms of academic–corporate co-publications confirm these results and provide further details. Finally, the results indicate a positive correlation between the share of academic–corporate co-publications in a country and the innovation performance in indices such as the Global Innovation Index and the European Innovation Scoreboard. This study highlights the need to consider the numbers of co-authors and the high share of international co-publications when analyses are based on academic–corporate co-publications. Even though academic–corporate co-publications only reflect a small part of all academic–corporate collaborations, academic–corporate co-publications are shown to be useful as one of many potential tools to assess collaborations between academic and corporate actors and associated investments in research and innovation. It is also argued that the results of the study support policies promoting academic–corporate collaborations leading to co-publications.
Computed tomography angiography findings predictive of post-intervention vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Objective:To evaluate the association of CT/CT angiography (CTA) findings and clinical characteristics with subsequent vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).Methods-:...
Organic solvent reverse osmosis using CuAAC-crosslinked molecularly-mixed composite membranes

Abstract Molecularly-mixed composite membranes (MMCMs) incorporating amorphous scrambled porous organic cages (ASPOCs) are a rapidly emerging membrane class that are characterized by the formation of a solid solution due to a high degree of homogeneity that is not observed in other classes of polymer-particle composites. Molecular-level mixing overcomes many of the performance/processing issues typically encountered with two phase composite materials. However, chemical stabilization of the polymer matrix can deactivate the ASPOC cages. Here, we illustrate an alternative method of crosslinking Matrimid® in MMCMs using the copper catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reaction. We fabricated thin film composite membranes and benchmarked them in a crossflow permeation system with standard styrene oligomers dissolved in a variety of organic solvents as well as an exemplar organic solvent reverse osmosis separation. We found that the presence of ASPOC increased both permeance and styrene dimer separation factor by up to 79% and 154%, respectively, over crosslinked Matrimid depending on the solvent, although the separation factor decreased at higher ASPOC loadings. The crosslinked MMCMs were challenged with a solvent-solvent separation in an organic solvent reverse osmosis modality and were able to effectively purify toluene from triisopropylbenzene. This work provides experimental observations needed to understand the mass transport processes occurring in MMCMs and highlights their separation performance and scale-up potential.
HOXB13 suppresses de novo lipogenesis through HDAC3-mediated epigenetic reprogramming

ABSTRACT HOXB13, a homeodomain transcription factor, critically regulates androgen receptor (AR) function and promotes androgen-dependent prostate cancer (PCa) growth. However, the functions of HOXB13 in an AR-independent context remain elusive. Here we report an essential role of HOXB13 in directly suppressing lipogenic transcriptional programs in both AR-positive and -negative PCa cells. The MEIS domain (aa70-150) of HOXB13 interacts with the histone deacetylase HDAC3, which is disrupted by HOXB13 G84E mutation that has been associated with early-onset PCa. Thus, HOXB13 wildtype (WT), but not G84E mutant, recruits HDAC3 to lipogenic enhancers to catalyze histone de-acetylation and suppress lipogenic programs. HOXB13 knockdown unleashes the expression of key lipogenic regulators such as fatty acid synthase (FASN), requiring HDAC3. Analysis of human tissues revealed that HOXB13 is lost in about 30% of metastatic castration-resistant PCa, at least in part, through DNA hypermethylation. Functionally, loss of HOXB13 leads to massive lipid accumulation in PCa cells, thereby promoting cell motility in vitro and fueling xenograft tumor metastasis in vivo, which is mitigated by pharmaceutical inhibitors of FASN. In summary, our study discovers an essential AR-independent function of HOXB13 in repressing de novo lipogenesis and inhibiting tumor metastasis and defines a subclass of PCa that may benefit from lipogenic pathway inhibitors.
Resource Conflict Resolution

This chapter describes algorithms for resource conflict resolution. Resource conflicts occur when multiple operations activate the same hardware resource simultaneously. When all operations in the hardware model have fixed execution delays, conflict resolution becomes part of the scheduling and resource binding tasks. In particular, operations scheduled to different control steps or belonging to mutually exclusive conditional branches can share their hardware resources. Consider for example the force-directed scheduling technique [PK89b]. Operations with similar resources are first scheduled to reduce their concurrency, then they are bound to hardware resources subject to this schedule. The binding step ensures that no resource conflicts will arise. This approach is, however, restricted to bounded delay operations.
Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors

Germ cell tumors are derived from the malignant transformation of preanaphase I germ cells. These tumors most commonly originate in the gonads (testis or ovary) but similar neoplasms occasionally originate in midline structures (retroperitoneum, mediastinum, or pineal gland). Rarely, a germ cell tumor may originate in other sites. Many retroperitoneal germ cell tumors probably originate in occult testis primary sites whereas mediastinal germ cell tumors are likely distinct entities that arise in the mediastinum.
A new distributed shortest path algorithm for hierarchically clustered data networks

This paper presents new efficient shortest path algorithm to solve single origin shortest path problems (SOSP problems) and multiple origins shortest path problems (MOSP problems) for a class of hierarchically clustered data networks with n nodes. The distributed version of our SOSP algorithm has the time complexity of O(log(n)), which is less than the time complexity of O (log/sup 2/(n)) achieved by the best existing algorithm, for SOSP problems. Our MOSP algorithm minimizes the needed computation resources, which include computation processors and communication links, for each shortest path computation so that we can achieve massive parallelization. The parallel time complexity of our MOSP algorithm is O (mlog(n)), which is much less than the time complexity of (Mlog/sup 2/ (n)) of the best existing algorithm. Here, M is the number of the shortest paths to be computed and m is a positive number related to the network situations and is usually much smaller than M. We observe that m is almost a constant when the network size increases.
Neptune: Observations of the H2 Quadrupole Lines in the (4–0) Band

The first measurement of Neptune’s quadrupole H2 lines is reported. The equivalent widths of the S(0) and S(1) lines of the (4–0) band are given along with the corresponding widths measured from comparison spectra of Uranus taken on the same nights. These are interpreted in terms of both an inhomogeneous atmosphere overlying a reflecting layer and a homogeneous, semi-infinite, scattering atmosphere. Only the scattering model proves to be consistent with Neptune’s spectrum in this wavelength region. The H2 abundance along the scattering mean free path is found to be less than the value for Rayleigh scattering in pure H2. This result is interpreted in terms of the presence of H2, CH4 and at least one other gas, instead of the more conventional interpretation in terms of the presence of an aerosol mixed with H2. Weak features in the continuum were observed. Their widths and the strength of the H2 features indicate that H2 is more abundant than the sum of the remaining gases in these atmospheres.
Detection of animal and human group B rotaviruses in fecal specimens by polymerase chain reaction.

A combined reverse transcriptase reaction-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was developed to achieve the sensitive detection of group B rotaviruses (GBR). Sequences derived from genomic segment 3 of the IDIR (intestinal disease of infant rats) strain of GBR permitted the detection of greater than or equal to 0.08 pg of purified IDIR genomic RNA (4,000 genome copies). Primers complementary to the terminal sequences of gene 11 of GBR strain ADRV (adult diarrhea rotavirus) allowed for the detection of as little as 0.008 pg of purified ADRV genomic RNA. Detection of heterologous strains of GBR was also observed with these primer pairs. IDIR gene 3 primers recognized greater than or equal to 8 pg of RNA from bovine GBR obtained from a variety of geographic locations. RNA from IDIR, but not bovine GBR, strains was detected by means of RT-PCR with ADRV gene 11 primers. Neither set of GBR primers was reactive in RT-PCR with fecal specimens containing group A rotaviruses or fecal specimens from uninfected controls. This RT-PCR assay permits the sensitive and specific detection of a variety of GBR in fecal specimens. Images
Maßnahmen gegen Schwingungsschäden an Wärmeaustauscher‐Rohren

Quer angestromte Rohre von Rohrbundel-Warmeaustauschern konnen durch Wirbelablosung zu Schwingungen angeregt werden, die in ungunstigen Fallen zur Beschadigung oder Zerstorung der Rohre fuhren. Durch einfaches Abschatzen von Erreger- und Eigenfrequenzen lassen sich konstruktive Masnahmen angeben, wie derartige Schaden zu vermeiden sind. Von grosem Einflus sind der Abstand der Umlenkbleche sowie die richtige Kombination von Rohrdurchmesser und Wanddicke des Rohres.
High performance infrared detector arrays using thin film microstructures

Honeywell has developed a unique uncooled thermal detector technology based on fabricating thin film structures with temperature sensitive detector materials. High TCR resistive materials such as VOx and YBaCuO, and pyroelectric PbTiO/sub 3/ have been used. Two dimensional imaging arrays of sizes up to 240/spl times/336 have been integrated with Si substrate electronics to achieve temperature sensitivities of less than .04 C operating at room temperature. The thin film detector materials are deposited on microstructure thin film pixels of 2 mil sizes which are subsequently thermally isolated from the substrate by etching away the underlying substrate. The thermal isolation of the microstructure pixel provides the temperature rise and the detector material provides the conversion to an electrical signal.
Facial Feedback and Social Input: Effects on Laughter and Enjoyment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Both social input and facial feedback appear to be processed differently by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We tested the effects of both of these types of input on laughter in children with ASD. Sensitivity to facial feedback was tested in 43 children with ASD, aged 8-14 years, and 43 typically developing children matched for mental age (6-14), in order to examine whether children with ASD use bodily feedback as an implicit source of information. Specifically, children were asked to view cartoons as they normally would (control condition), and while holding a pencil in their mouth forcing their smiling muscles into activation (feedback condition) while rating their enjoyment of the cartoons. The authors also explored the effects of social input in children with ASD by investigating whether the presence of a caregiver or friend (companion condition), or the presence of a laugh track superimposed upon the cartoon (laugh track condition) increased the children's self-rated enjoyment of cartoons or the amount of positive affect they displayed. Results showed that the group with ASD was less affected by all three experimental conditions, but also that group differences seemed to have been driven by one specific symptom of ASD: restricted range of affect. The strong relationship between restricted affect and insensitivity to facial feedback found in this study sheds light on the implications of restricted affect for social development in ASD.
Zebrafish Germline Chimeras Produced by Transplantation of Ovarian Germ Cells into Sterile Host Larvae

High frequency production of zebrafish germline chimeras was achieved by transplanting ovarian germ cells into sterile Danio hybrid recipients. Ovarian germ cells were obtained from 3-mo-old adult Tg(vasa:DsRed2-vasa);Tg(bactin:EGFP) double transgenic zebrafish by discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation. An average of 755 ± 108 DsRed-positive germ cells was recovered from each female. For transplantations, a total of approximately 620 ± 242 EGFP-positive cells of which 12 ± 4.7 were DsRed-positive germ cells were introduced into the abdominal cavity under the swim bladder of 2-wk-old sterile hybrid larvae. Six weeks after transplantation, a total of 10 recipients, obtained from 2 different transplantations, were examined, and 2 individuals (20%) were identified that possessed a large number of DsRed- and EGFP-positive cells in the gonadal region. The transplanted ovarian germ cells successfully colonized the gonads and differentiated into sperm in the male hybrid recipients. Of 67 adult recipients, 12 (18%) male chimeric fish reproduced and generated normal offspring when paired with wild-type zebrafish females. The fertilization efficiency ranged from 23% to 56%. Although the fertile male chimeras were generated by transplantation of ovarian germ cells, the F1 generation produced by the male chimeras contained both male and female progeny, indicating that male sex determination in zebrafish is not controlled by sex chromosome heterogamy. Our findings indicate that a population of ovarian germ cells that are present in the ovary of adult zebrafish can function as germline stem cells, able to proliferate and differentiate into testicular germ cells and functional sperm in male recipients. The high frequency of germline chimera formation achieved with the ovarian germ cells and the convenience of identifying the chimeras in the sterile host background should make this transplantation system useful for performing genetic manipulations in zebrafish.
Ambiguity in the brain: what brain imaging reveals about the processing of syntactically ambiguous sentences.

Two fMRI studies investigated the time course and amplitude of brain activity in language-related areas during the processing of syntactically ambiguous sentences. In Experiment 1, higher levels of activation were found during the reading of unpreferred syntactic structures as well as more complex structures. In Experiments 2A and 2B higher levels of brain activation were found for ambiguous sentences compared with unambiguous sentences matched for syntactic complexity, even when the ambiguities were resolved in favor of the preferred syntactic construction (despite the absence of this difference in previous reading time results). Although results can be reconciled with either serial or parallel models of sentence parsing, they arguably fit better into the parallel framework. Serial models can admittedly be made consistent but only by including a parallel component. The fMRI data indicate the involvement of a parallel component in syntactic parsing that might be either a selection mechanism or a construction of multiple parses. Functional neuroimaging provides a unique opportunity to gain insight into the processing of linguistic ambiguity, because it indicates how much brain activity is associated with the comprehension of different types of ambiguous and comparable unambiguous sentences. Purely behavioral studies have easily demonstrated that being led down a linguistic “garden path” (being led to interpret an ambiguity in favor of a more likely but ultimately incorrect interpretation) results in longer processing times and larger error probabilities, but these studies cannot provide a measure of the amount of computation that is being performed per unit time. fMRI offers a proxy for amount of computation per unit time, namely the amount of brain activity per unit time. With a singlesentence, event-related, experimental design, the present fMRI study provided a measurement of the amount of brain activity every 1,500 ms for different types of ambiguous and unambiguous sentences.
Involving Students in Assignment Evaluation

Assignment completion procedures that are based on sound instructional principles are important and necessary in order to enhance learning for diverse learners. The first part of this article explains the connection between planning, presenting, and evaluating assignments for students who demonstrate ineffective assignment completion strategies. The second part offers specific guidelines for how to teach students to check their own finished assignments according to a set of quality work criteria.
Implications of Weight and Body Mass Index for Plasma Donation and Health

This study determined the percentage of potential plasma donors who could donate plasma in the 3 allowable plasma volume limit categories as specified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as well as the association of the body mass index (BMI) of these individuals with age, blood pressure, oral temperature, and pulse. Of 315 plasma donors analyzed, 107 (34.0%) weighed between 110 and 149 lbs (50.0-67.7 kg), 89 (28.2%) weighed between 150 and174 lbs (68.2-79.1 kg), and 119 (37.8%) weighed >175 lbs (79.5 kg), theoretically allowing collection of an additional 101.4 liters (16% more plasma) from both heavier categories based on FDA standards for plasma donor quantities. BMI was positively associated with age, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse (Pearson's r = 0.36, 0.24, and 0.18, resp., P values <0.05), but not with oral temperature. Average BMI for females was higher than for males (+1.8, P = 0.01), and BMI for African Americans was higher than for White and Asian participants (+2.2 and +5.1, resp., Ps <0.05). A significant association was also found in the sex by race interaction with BMI (P = 0.0004). Follow-up analyses suggested a significant difference in BMI by sex among African Americans, higher BMI among African American females than Asian and White males, and higher BMI among White females than African American males (Ps <0.05).
One-Step Rainbow Holographic Interferometry

A one-step rainbow holographic process by using an imaging lens is presented. Results of both the pseudoscopic and orthoscopic rainbow holographic imagings are discussed. One of the most interesting and important applications of the one-step rainbow process is the holographic interferometry. Demonstrations of double exposure, time averaging, and contour generation by this one-step holographic interferometric process are provided. Extension of the one-step process to multiwavelength and multislit holographic interferometry is also included. As compared with the conventional holographic interferometry, the one-step rainbow holograph-ic process is a very simple and versatile technique, which yields the advantages of white light readout. The one-step process offers a brighter image, a lesser speckle noise, and a better fringe visibility. For multi-wavelength and multislit rainbow holographic interferometry, the techniques enable different physical holographic fringe patterns to be displayed in different colors. For multiwavelength technique, they are fringe patterns due to different physical effects, and for multislit technique, they are fringe patterns from different perspectives.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Alpha males win again.

Pheromones influence sexual behavior and reproduction in rodents. A new report suggests that neurogenesis induced in the female mouse brain by male pheromones governs the choice of dominant males as mates.