cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variação de registro na Internet: uma análise multidimensional

Grande parte das pesquisas linguisticas sobre a internet tem como base o estudo de caracteristicas linguisti­cas especificas que ocorrem na linguagem da internet (por exemplo, o uso de emoticons , abreviaturas, con­tracoes e acronimos) e tambem os “novos” registros da internet, aqueles mais evidentes, como por exemplo, blogs , foruns da Internet, mensagens instantâneas e tweets . A analise multidimensional (AMD) ja foi utilizada para investigar registros da internet, principalmente na analise de caracteristicas gramaticais fundamentais, como por exemplo, substantivos, verbos e preposicoes. Uma pesquisa de cunho multidimensional difere de forma teorica e metodologica da maioria das abordagens de pesquisa no campo da linguistica na medida em que ela se constroi a partir da nocao de coocorrencia linguistica, que defende a ideia de que as diferen­cas entre registros podem ser descritas de forma mais adequada quando consideramos os conjuntos de caracteristicas linguisticas que possuem base funcional. Contudo, a maioria dos estudos multidimensionais ja realizados anteriormente sao semelhantes a outras pesquisas sobre os novos registros da internet, como por exemplo, blogs , posts do Facebook / Twitter e mensagens de e-mail. Estes sao os registros que quase sempre associamos com a internet, e por isso faz sentido que eles sejam o foco da maioria das pesquisas ja realizadas. No entanto, isso so mostra como sabemos pouco sobre a complexidade dos registros encontra­dos na web e os padroes de variacao linguistica entre eles. Este e o objetivo do presente estudo. Em vez de comecar com o foco nos novos registros que sao considerados interessantes por natureza, analisamos uma amostra representativa de toda a web. Os usuarios finais codificaram as caracteristicas situacionais e comu­nicativas de cada documento do corpus , levando a uma gama muito mais ampla de categorias de registro do que as utilizadas em qualquer outro estudo feito anteriormente: oito categorias gerais; varias categorias de registros hibridos; e vinte e sete categorias de registros especificos. Esta abordagem e capaz de gerar uma amostra muito mais inclusiva e diversificada de registros da web do que qualquer outro estudo ja realizado em lingua inglesa. O objetivo deste estudo e documentar os padroes de variacao linguistica que subjazem esses registros. Por meio da AMD, revelamos as dimensoes da variacao linguistica da web e as semelhancas e diferencas entre os registros que compoem essas dimensoes. --- Traducao de Patricia Pereira Bertoli, Simone Vieira Resende e Flavia Azeredo-Cerqueira.
Lung donation following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

There have been over 177 million cases of COVID-19 worldwide, many of whom could be organ donors. Concomitantly, there is an anticipated increase in the need for donor lungs due to expanding indications. Given that the respiratory tract is most commonly affected by COVID-19, there is an urgent need to develop donor assessment criteria while demonstrating safety and "efficacy" of lung donation following COVID-19 infection. Accordingly, we report an intentional transplant using lungs from a donor with recent, microbiologically confirmed, COVID-19 infection into a recipient suffering from COVID-19 induced ARDS and pulmonary fibrosis. In addition to the standard clinical assays, both donor and recipient lungs were analyzed using RNAscope, which confirmed that tissues were negative for SARS-CoV-2. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated colocalized KRT17+ basaloid-like epithelium and COL1A1+ fibroblasts, a marker suggestive of lung fibrosis in COVID-19 associated lung disease, in the explanted recipient lungs but absent in the donor lungs. We demonstrate that following a thorough assessment, lung donation following resolved COVID-19 infection is safe and feasible.
Being a 'First' - Over and Over Again

This short essay discusses how someone who is often a "first" is perceived and provides advice for future "firsts."
Early Depression Screening Is Feasible in Hospitalized Stroke Patients

Background and Purpose Post-stroke depression (PSD) is common but is not routinely assessed for in hospitalized patients. As a Comprehensive Stroke Center, we screen all stroke inpatients for depression, though the feasibility of early screening has not been established. We assessed the hypothesis that early depression screening in stroke patients is feasible. We also explored patient level factors associated with being screened for PSD and the presence of early PSD. Methods The medical records of all patients admitted with ischemic stroke (IS) or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) between 01/02/13 and 15/04/13 were reviewed. A depression screen, modified from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, was administered (maximum score 27, higher scores indicating worse depression). Patients were eligible if they did not have a medical condition precluding screening. Feasibility was defined as screening 75% of all eligible patients. Results Of 303 IS and ICH inpatients, 70% (211) were eligible for screening, and 75% (158) of all eligible patients were screened. More than one-third of all patients screened positive for depression (score > 4). Women (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.06–4.01) and younger patients (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96–0.99) were more likely to screen positive. Screening positive was not associated with poor discharge/day 7 outcome (mRS > 3; OR 1.45, 95% CI 0.74–2.83). Conclusions Screening stroke inpatients for depression is feasible and early depression after stroke is common. Women and younger patients are more likely to experience early PSD. Our results provide preliminary evidence supporting continued screening for depression in hospitalized stroke patients.
Enhancing USDA's Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies with Branded Food Product Label Data

Monitoring the dietary intake of Americans requires an accurate and complete database of foods and beverages and their nutrients. The average grocery store in the U.S. contains more than 40,000 items. There are over 20,000 new food and beverage products launched each year and continuing reformulations of existing products. Many of these changes are the result of public health initiatives to reduce intake of saturated fat, trans fat, and sodium. Label data in electronic format are being obtained through the Partnership for Public Health: Branded Food Products Database. The partnership is composed of USDA/ARS, the International Life Sciences Institute North America and the Agricultural Technology Innovation Partnership Foundation. The label information will include the manufacturer and brand, the Nutrition Facts Panel data, ingredients, serving size description and weight in grams, and dates for when a product is available, when it is discontinued, and when it is changed. Incorporating branded food product ...
Competitive analytics of multi-channel advertising and consumer inertia

The spurts and multiplicity of Internet advertising have made multi-channel attribution an immediate challenge to marketing practitioners. We propose an integrated individual-level choice model that considers three stages of a consumer’s purchase funnel – awareness, alternative evaluation and purchase across all competitors to analyze the effects of touches on (1) consumers’ choice of entry site, (2) their subsequent search decisions about other websites in the awareness set, and (3) their subsequent purchases at one of the searched websites.
Aortic root size in aortic valve disease. Its measurement and significance.

Abstract In 2 subjects who had a very small aortic root the surgical procedure of aortic valve replacement was greatly complicated, and obstruction of the aortic root and coronary arteries led to early death. All aortic valve replacements at the University of Wisconsin Hospital from 1963 through 1969 were reviewed. With use of the known catheter size as a reference, the size of the aortic root was calculated from preoperative cineangiocardiograms and correlated with the measurements made at operation. A significant correlation was found, especially with small aortic roots. It is stressed that the small aortic root should be recognized preoperatively when aortic valve replacement is contemplated.
Corals, Chemistry, and Climate

Some corals grow in layers like trees, providing a record of past temperatures at the sea surface. However, the interpretation of the data is not always easy. In their Perspective, Schrag and Linsley discuss Cohen et al.9s study of the effect of symbiotic organisms on the most widely used measure of paleotemperature in corals. They caution, however, that the results may not apply to tropical corals.
Rationale and timeliness for IL-1beta-targeted therapy to reduce allogeneic organ injury at procurement and to diminish risk of rejection after transplantation.

Wanderer AA. Rationale and timeliness for IL-1β-targeted therapy to reduce allogeneic organ injury at procurement and to diminish risk of rejection after transplantation. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 307–311. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) involving allograft transplantation and procured organs may in part be induced by stimulation of a newly described innate pro-inflammatory immune system (i.e., NALP-3-inflammasome), which can cause secretion of IL-1β and subsequent neutrophilic inflammation. Ischemia and/or hypoxia/anoxia can induce anaerobic metabolism with metabolic acidosis and subsequent development of danger signals known to stimulate IL-1β secretion from the NALP-3 inflammasome. Observations from IRI studies and hereditary auto-inflammatory syndromes with NALP-3 inflammasome mutations suggest that IL-1β secretion can induce robust neutrophilic inflammation that is responsive to IL-1β targeted therapy. Based on these observations and data from transplantation studies, it may be timely to consider commercially available IL-1β targeted biologic therapy to improve allograft tolerance and viability of procured organs.
Multi-Scale Multi-Lag Channel Estimation Using Low Rank Approximation for OFDM

This paper considers the estimation of multi-scale multi-lag (MSML) channels. The MSML channel model is a good representation for wideband communication channels, such as underwater acoustic communication and radar. This model is characterized by a limited number of paths, each parameterized by a delay, Doppler scale, and attenuation factor. Herein, it is shown that an OFDM signal after passing through the MSML channel exhibits a low rank representation. This feature can be exploited to improve the channel estimation. By characterizing the received signal, it is shown that the MSML channel estimation problem can be adapted to a structured spectral estimation problem. The challenge is that the unknown frequencies are very close to each other due to the small values of Doppler scales. This feature can be employed to show that the data matrix is approximately low-rank. By exploiting structural features of the received signal, the Prony algorithm is modified to estimate the Doppler scales (close frequencies), delays and channel gains. Two strategies using convex and no-convex regularizers to remove noise from the corrupted signal are proposed. These algorithms are iterative based on the alternating direction method of multipliers. A bound on the reconstruction of the noiseless received signal provides guidance on the selection of the relaxation parameter in the optimizations. The performance of the proposed estimation strategies are investigated via numerical simulations, and it is shown that the proposed non-convex method offers up to 7 dB improvement in low SNR and the convex method offers up to 5 dB improvement in high SNR over prior methods for the MSML channel estimation.
Rejection Sensitivity and Vulnerability to Self‐Directed Hostile Cognitions Following Rejection

OBJECTIVE: We examined the hypothesis that rejection increases self-directed hostile cognitions in individuals who are high in Rejection Sensitivity (RS). METHOD: In four studies employing primarily undergraduate samples (Ns = 83-121), rejection was primed subliminally or through a recall task, and self-directed hostile cognitions were assessed using explicit or implicit measures. Negative or neutral control conditions were used in three of the studies. Measures of RS were obtained in pretesting. RESULTS: High RS participants were more likely than low RS participants to report or show greater self-directed hostile cognitions in rejection conditions, compared to control conditions. Results held when controlling for depressive symptoms, history of self-directed hostile cognitions, and general hostility. CONCLUSIONS: RS may represent a unique vulnerability for self-directed hostile cognitions, a predictor of self-harmful behavior. Language: en
STUDIES ON PHYTOFERRITIN. I. IDENTIFICATION AND LOCALIZATION.

A new iron-protein complex, phytoferritin, has been identified microscopically, centrifugally, and spectrophotometrically in extracts from pea embryos. Methods for extracting 90% pure phytoferritin from pea embryonic axes, cotyledons, and young bean leaves have been developed. They include differential centrifugation and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The electron microscopic image, ultraviolet absorption spectrum, iron:protein ratio, and sedimentation behavior of phytoferritin closely resemble those of animal ferritin. Phytoferritin has been located electron microscopically in the proplastids of pea epicotyls and root meristems and in plastids of young light- or dark-grown bean seedlings. In addition masses of phytoferritin have been identified in the plastids of the peripheral layers of pea cotyledons.
The interaction of coatomer with inositol polyphosphates is conserved in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Coatomer is an oligomeric complex of coat proteins that regulates vesicular traffic through the Golgi complex and from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum [Pelham (1994) Cell 79, 1125-1127]. We have investigated whether the binding of InsP6 to mammalian coatomer [Fleischer, Xie, Mayrleitner, Shears and Fleischer (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 17826-17832] is conserved in the genetically amenable model Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have isolated coatomer from S. cerevisiae and found it to bind InsP6 at two apparent classes of binding sites (KD1 = 0.8 +/- 0.2 nM; KD2 = 361 +/- 102 nM). Ligand specificity was studied by displacing 4.5 nM [3H]InsP6 from coatomer with various Ins derivatives. The following IC50 values (nM) were obtained: myo-InsP6 = 6; bis(diphospho)inositol tetrakisphosphate = 6; diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate = 6; scyllo-InsP6 = 12; Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 = 13; Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5 = 22; Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 = 22; 1-O-(1,2-di-O-octanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-D-Ins(3,4,5)P3 = 290. Less than 10% of the 3H label was displaced by 1 microM of either Ins(1,4,5)P3 or inositol hexakis-sulphate. A cell-free lysate of S. cerevisiae synthesized diphosphoinositol polyphosphates (PP-InsPn) from InsP6, but our binding data, plus measurements of the relative levels of inositol polyphosphates in intact yeast [Hawkins, Stephens and Piggott (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 3374-3383], indicate that InsP6 is the major physiologically relevant ligand. Thus a reconstituted vesicle trafficking system using coatomer and other functionally related components isolated from yeast should be a useful model for elucidating the functional significance of the binding of InsP6 by coatomer.
Spatial variation related to hydrologic patterns and vegetation in greenhouse gas fluxes from the Mississippi Delta agricultural region

Abstract Analysis of microbial gas emissions collected with field chambers were combined with soil genetic and chemical analyses to determine hotspots of greenhouse gas emissions from vegetated cropland, drainage ditch, riparian zone, and wetland habitats in the Tunica and Sunflower Counties of the north Mississippi Delta agricultural region. Methane (CH4) emissions were highest in sites with highest soil moisture (wetlands) and low water flow rates, whereas carbon dioxide (CO2) emission peaked in sites with intermediate soil moisture (riparian zone). Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions were highest in the cropland and riparian zones, although soil genetic and chemical data suggest a difference in N2O sources between these two sites. Denitrification gene (nosZ) abundances indicate denitrification-derived N2O products in intermittently-flooded sites, while soil [NO3− + NO2−] concentrations suggest nitrification-derived N2O products in dry cultivated sites. Vegetation reduced gas emissions in riparian zone habitat, but had no effect in wetland habitat. Substantial and consistent differences in gas emission rates between two neighboring wetlands corresponded to differences in flow regime. Wetland hydrologic flow regime is the factor regulating the distinct gas emission differences observed between two neighboring wetlands. This study demonstrates the importance of hydrologic factors and location-specific vegetation on gas emission hotspots in this intensively-managed agricultural landscape.
Centrality Fingerprints for Power Grid Network Growth Models

Abstract In our previous work, we have shown that many of the properties of the Florida power grid are reproduced by deterministic network growth models based on the minimization of energy dissipation E diss. As there is no a priori best E diss minimizing growth model, we here present a tool, called the “centrality fingerprint,” for probing the behavior of different growth models. The centrality fingerprints are comparisons of the current flow into/out of the network with the values of various centrality measures calculated at every step of the growth process. Finally, we discuss applications to the Maryland power grid.
Small Amounts of Archaic Admixture Provide Big Insights into Human History

Modern humans overlapped in time and space with other hominins, such as Neanderthals and Denisovans, and limited amounts of hybridization occurred. Here, we review recent work that has identified archaic hominin sequence that survives in modern human genomes and what these genomic excavations reveal about human evolutionary history.
DCCSOA: A Dynamic Cloud Computing Service-Oriented Architecture

The emerging field of Cloud Computing provides several advantages over traditional in-house IT services, such as accessing to elastic on-demand computing and storage over the Internet, and cost effective pay-per-use subscription plans. However, according to the International Data Corporation (IDC), cloud computing has several issues, such as a lack of standardization, a lack of customization, and limited interoperability. In addition, there is an increasing demand for introduction and migration of a variety of services to cloud computing systems, which are abstract their offering services into various *-as-a-Services (*aaS) layers. Although each such service provides a new feature (e.g., simulation services in cloud), it aggravates the issues due to the lack of standardization and inability to customize services by a vendor because each *aaS has its own features, requirements and output. In this paper, we propose a cloud architecture to alleviate issues associated with standardization and customization. In the cloud, the proposed architecture uses a single layer, called Template-as-a-Service (TaaS), to provide: (i) a single service layer for interaction with all resources and major cloud services (e.g., IaaS, PaaS, SaaS and *aaS), (ii) a standardization for existing services and future *aaS across different cloud environments, and (iii) a customizable architecture which can be modified on demand by a cloud vendor, and its partners to provide the flexibility on cloud computing systems. A comparison with previous studies show that the proposed architecture provides customization and standardization for cloud services with minimum modifications.
Paracrine action of transforming growth factor-alpha in rectal crypt epithelium of humans.

Colon and rectal mucosal crypt epithelium is a rapidly renewing cell population, where cell proliferation is normally balanced by cell loss. This report concerns the putative paracrine action of transforming growth factor α(TGF-α) in this homeostatic process. Immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and TGF-α was performed on biopsy specimens of rectal mucosa taken from consenting patients. The height of the proliferative compartment in mid-axially sectioned crypts in each individual was determined from the distribution of PCNA stained cells. The number of TGF-α stained cells that exhibited intense positive staining in a continuous column from the mouth down the side of the crypt was also scored in each individual patient. There was a significant positive correlation (P=0.05,n =22 patients) between the height of the proliferative compartment and the number of cells staining for TGF-α. Non-cellular TGF-α reactivity was also observed in the lamina propria adjacent to the TGF-α reactive epithelial cells, indicating secretion of TGF-α by these epithelial cells. These findings suggest that TGF-α is released from epithelial cells in the upper compartment of the crypt into the adjacent lamina propria and then diffuses to the epithelial cells in the lower part of the crypt, resulting in expansion of the proliferative compartment.
1384 PULMONARY EFFECTS OF FUROSEMIDE IN PREMATURES WITH LUNG DISEASE

20 consecutive prematures with hyaline membrane disease (HMD) were randomized into 10 controls (CG) and 10 treated patients(TG) at 7 days of age if they still required ventilator assistance or oxygen (F1O2 < 0.21). The TG received a single bolus IV dose of furosemide (F) lmgm/k/day for 4 days and the CG received no diuretic. Mean gestational age of TG was 29 weeks (range 26-31) and of CG was 30 weeks(range 27-36). Birth weight of TG was 1024 gm (range 740-1200) and of CG was 1260gm(range 840-2360). All 20 infants had arterial blood gases and lung compliance (CL) measured at 2 hours, diuresis, natriuresis, F excretion and serum F levels monitored for 6 hours. At 2 hours after F dose, the TG demonstrated improved lung compliance(p <.01). This improvement was not sustained over the 72 hour study period. The mean A-a DO2 in the TG tended to decrease over 2 hours after the F dose(p=0.05) with improvement at 72 hours. Mean urine volume during 6 hours in TG was 33.9±21 ml and in CG was 25.3± 13 ml(p=.35NS). 6 hour sodium excretion was 1.76 mEq(TG) anf 1.45 mEq(CG). There was no correlation between 2 hour serum F levels and 2 hour percent CL change. Urine was collected between time 0-2 hours after F dose. On day 4, the 2 hour CL change correlated with this 2 hour urine volume(r=0.82, p<0.05) the 2 hour urinary sodium(r=0.94, < 0.05) and the 2 hour urine F(p=0.07). Despite poor renal clearance of F the pulmonary effects are related to its diuretic effect. The lack of sustained pulmonary effect is explained by the brief diuresis.
Radical-induced epoxide fragmentation chemistry, V. Formation of medium-sized rings via β-scission of alkoxy radicals

Abstract Functionalized medium-sized rings can be prepared from simple Robinson annulation derived precursors having a suitably placed stabilizing group. The key step is a radical-induced epoxide fragmentation reaction followed by β-scission of the resulting alkoxy radical.
Potential clinical applications for spinal functional MRI

Functional MRI (fMRI) of the spinal cord is a noninvasive technique for obtaining information regarding spinal cord neuronal function. This article provides a brief overview of recent developments in spinal cord fMRI and outlines potential applications, as well as the limitations that must be overcome, for using spinal fMRI in the clinic. This technique is currently used for research purposes, but significant potential exists for spinal fMRI to become an important clinical tool.
Knowledge-based assessment of watershed condition.

The USDA Forest Service and Environmental Protection Agency have cooperatively developed a knowledge base for assessment and monitoring of ecological states and processes in sixth-code watersheds. The knowledge base provides a formal logical specification for evaluating watershed processes, patterns, general effects of human influence, and specific effects on salmon habitat. The knowledge base was designed in the NetWeaver knowledge base development system and evaluated in the Ecosystem Management Decision Support (EMDS) system. EMDS is an application framework for knowledge-based decision support of ecological landscape analysis at any geographic scale. The system integrates geographic information system and knowledge base system technologies to provide an analytical tool for environmental assessment and monitoring. The basic objective of EMDS is to improve the quality and completeness of environmental assessments and the efficiency with which they are performed. This paper presents an overview of the NetWeaver and EMDS systems, describes the general structure of the knowledge base for watershed assessment, and presents a small example of its use for evaluating erosion processes.
Fundamental frequency of clamped plates with circularly periodic boundaries

Abstract A boundary perturbation method is developed to determine the fundamental frequency of vibrating plates. The method is then applied to wavy, star shape and polygonal plates with clamped boundary conditions. Approximate analytical solutions of the fundamental frequency are obtained with an accuracy of O(e4), where e is the deviation from the unit circle.
Can a single androgen receptor fill the bill

If the above two hypotheses are correct, they would require at least one more specific nuclear receptor for T, and at least one membrane receptor to account for the very rapid effects induced by androgens on certain target tissues. If this is the case, clearly a single androgen receptor will not fill the bill.
A rule-based decision support system for sensor deployment in small drinking water networks

The physical layout of drinking water utilities makes them inherently vulnerable to contamination incidents caused by routine operations. These contaminations present environmental health concerns including but not limited to total trihalomethanes, lead, and chlorine residual issues. To achieve the goal of cleaner production, sensor placement in municipal drinking water networks in response to possible public health threats has become one of the most significant challenges currently facing drinking water utilities, especially in small-scale communities. Long-term monitoring is needed to develop modern concepts and approaches to risk management for these utilities. We developed a Rule-based Decision Support System (RBDSS), a methodology to generate near-optimal sensor deployment strategies with low computational burden, such as those we often encountered in large-scale optimization analyses. Three rules were derived to address the efficacy and efficiency characteristics of such a sensor deployment process: (1) intensity, (2) accessibility, and (3) complexity rules. Implementation potential of this RBDSS was assessed for a small-scale drinking water network in rural Kentucky, United States. Our case study showed that RBDSS is able to generate the near-optimal sensor deployment strategies for small-scale drinking water distribution networks relatively quickly. The RBDSS is transformative and transferable to drinking water distribution networks elsewhere with any scale.
Inhibition by phenytoin of in vitro secretion of calcitonin from rat thyroid glands and cultured rat C cells

Baby rat thyroid glands and cultured rat medullary carcinoma C cells were incubated acutely with phenytoin (38-100 microM), and the calcitonin (CT) secreted into the serum-free medium was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Phenytoin did not alter CT release from glands or C cells incubated in 1 mM Ca, but, when Ca was raised to 1.75 or 2.5 mM, a marked inhibitory effect of phenytoin was apparent. The inhibitory effect could be negated by including 10 microM BAY-K-8644 in the medium. Inhibitory effects on CT release also were obtained with 100 microM trifluoperazine or 100 microM nitrendipine, and these inhibitory effects also were counteracted by 10 microM BAY-K-8644. The results show that clinically relevant amounts of phenytoin can inhibit CT release, perhaps by interfering with C-cell Ca channels or by inhibiting calmodulin-dependent processes.
Conserved YjgF Protein Family Deaminates Reactive Enamine/Imine Intermediates of Pyridoxal 5′-Phosphate (PLP)-dependent Enzyme Reactions

The YjgF/YER057c/UK114 family of proteins is conserved in all domains of life, suggesting that the role of these proteins arose early and was maintained throughout evolution. Metabolic consequences of lacking this protein in Salmonella enterica and other organisms have been described, but the biochemical function of YjgF remained unknown. This work provides the first description of a conserved biochemical activity for the YjgF protein family. Our data support the conclusion that YjgF proteins have enamine/imine deaminase activity and accelerate the release of ammonia from reactive enamine/imine intermediates of the pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent threonine dehydratase (IlvA). Results from structure-guided mutagenesis experiments suggest that YjgF lacks a catalytic residue and that it facilitates ammonia release by positioning a critical water molecule in the active site. YjgF is renamed RidA (reactive intermediate/imine deaminase A) to reflect the conserved activity of the protein family described here. This study, combined with previous physiological studies on yjgF mutants, suggests that intermediates of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-mediated reactions may have metabolic consequences in vivo that were previously unappreciated. The conservation of the RidA/YjgF family suggests that reactive enamine/imine metabolites are of concern to all organisms.
On amphicheiral knots

Amphicheiral knots with up to 12 crossings are discussed from the perspective of their symmetry properties. By use of an algorithm that involves the development of appropriate vertexbicolored knot graphs, rigidly achiral presentations have been found for all amphicheiral invertible prime knots with up to 10 crossings and for a selected number of such knots with 12 crossings, including 121944, the first example of an amphicheiral prime knot whoseS 2n diagram is also a reduced diagram. Characteristic properties of wire models of these presentations have been examined. The adjacency matrices of the vertex-bicolored graphs of amphicheiral knots exhibit twofold antisymmetry, and, with the sole exception of 12427, all such knots are capable of rigidly antisymmetric presentations.
Evolutionary search for an optimal limiting process flowsheet

Abstract The depth-first heuristic search for a process flowsheet proposed earlier by the authors is now extended to generate good (optimal) limiting process flowsheets. A look-back strategy follows the initial look-ahead procedure to eliminate the fragmentation of process tasks. Then an evolutionary search improves the process structure by eliminating the earlier dependence on the order of consideration of individual product goals followed by the implementation of by-product recycling to reduce raw material consumption. In recycling, preference is given either to those by-product streams requiring the smallest changes to the current flowsheet or to those which maximize the mass of recycled streams. Six look-back heuristics and three evolutionary rules are described. Examples of evolutionary structure generation are chosen from the production of multicomponent hydrocarbon mixtures and the production of monochlorodecane.
On moving a sofa around a corner

A necessary condition is given for a region of the plane to have the greatest possible area of any region able to move around a right-angled corner in a hallway of unit width. A region is constructed, with area 2.2195... and bounded by 18 analytic pieces, which satisfies this condition. It is conjectured that this is the unique region of maximum area.
Simple inexpensive insert for cryogenic measurements in a storage vessel

Abstract The design of an insert suitable for cryogenic measurements on small samples in a storage vessel is presented. Its features make it possible to achieve good thermal anchoring in the small space available, while maintaining maximum adaptability. The insert can operate over a wide range of temperature (1–300 K).
Premithramycinone G, an Early Shunt Product of the Mithramycin Biosynthetic Pathway Accumulated upon Inactivation of Oxygenase MtmOII

Mithramycin (1, MTM, Scheme 1, also known as mithramycin A, mithracin, and plicamycin) is an aureolic acid anti-cancer agent produced by various soil bacteria of the genus Streptomyces, including Streptomyces argillaceus (ATCC12956). It inhibits the growth of cancer cells by cross-linking GC-rich DNA, thereby shutting down specificity protein (Sp1 or Sp3) dependent pathways towards proto-oncogenes, such as c-myc,[1] APC,[2] and c-src.[3] The last gene is also associated with the unique hypocalcemic activity of mithramycin.[3] MTM has become a popular biochemical tool to study Sp-dependent signal-transduction pathways, but because of its toxic side effects is rarely used as an anticancer agent, except for the treatment of tumor hypercalcemia refactory to other chemotherapy.[4–8] However, MTM was recently identified as a potential lead drug against neurological diseases,[9,10] arthritis,[11] and for the treatment of hematologic disorders.[12] All these new applications require only very small, less-toxic concentrations of the drug, although the mode-of-action in these contexts remains obscure.
Applicability of turbulence measurement technology to small-scale plankton studies

This article contains the author's personal thoughts and prejudices about present techniques for turbulence measurements, and the limitations of these techniques for solving prob- lems in physical-biological interactions.
A large lead glass Cherenkov counter hodoscope

Abstract We report on the construction, calibration, and performance of a 194-element lead glass Cherenkov counter array. The array which covered an area of 1.2 m × 3.0 m measured photon and electron energies in a K L 0 decay experiment at the Brookhaven AGS.
The Teinograph, a New High-Voltage Surge Recorder

An inexpensive new instrument is described in this paper, which records the waveshapes of high-voltage (HV) transients such as lightning or switching surges. The device requires no power supply, cathoderay tube, or photographic film, and can be left unattended for long periods of time. Waveshape is recorded by the envelope of a sequence of Lichtenberg figures on a dielectric plate, and equivalent "sweep-speeds" of less than 5 ?sec (microseconds) can be obtained for study of the wavefronts of lightning currents.
Synthesis and characterization of tris(heteroleptic) Ru(II) complexes bearing styryl subunits.

We have developed and optimized a well-controlled and refined methodology for the synthesis of substituted π-conjugated 4,4′-styryl-2,2′-bipyridine ligands and also adapted the tris(heteroleptic) synthetic approach developed by Mann and co-workers to produce two new representative Ru(II)-based complexes bearing the metal oxide surface-anchoring precursor 4,4′-bis[E-(p-methylcarboxy-styryl)]-2,2′-bipyridine. The two targeted Ru(II) complexes, (4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)(4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine)(4,4′-bis[E-(p-methylcarboxy-styryl)]-2,2′-bipyridine) ruthenium(II) hexafluorophosphate, [Ru(dmbpy)(dtbbpy)(p-COOMe-styryl-bpy)](PF6)2 (1) and (4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)(4,4′-dinonyl-2,2′-bipyridine)(4,4′-bis[E-(p-methylcarboxy-styryl)]-2,2′-bipyridine) ruthenium(II) hexafluorophosphate, [Ru(dmbpy)(dnbpy)(p-COOMe-styryl-bpy)](PF6)2 (2) were obtained as analytically pure compounds in high overall yields (>50% after 5 steps) and were isolated without significant purification effort. In these tris(h...
Cell turnover in the vomeronasal epithelium: evidence for differential migration and maturation of subclasses of vomeronasal neurons in the adult opossum.

Previous investigations of cell turnover in the mammalian vomeronasal sensory epithelium (VN-SE) raised two issues. First, if, in addition to the already demonstrated vertical migration, horizontal migration from the edges of the VN-SE participates in neuronal replacement. Second, whether or not migration and maturation is differential in upper and lower populations of vomeronasal neurons, since these two cell populations are chemically, physiologically, functionally, and perhaps evolutionarily different. By injecting bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) into adult opossum (Monodelphis domestica) and permitting different survival times, the pattern of distribution of BrdU-labeled cells was analyzed. No evidence of horizontal migration in neuronal replacement was found. To investigate vertical migration and maturation of subclasses of vomeronasal neurons, double immunohistochemistry of BrdU and markers of the lower (Goα protein) and upper [Gi2α protein and olfactory marker protein (OMP)] cell populations were performed. Three days after administration of BrdU, some mature neurons were observed in both lower and upper layers of the VN-SE, as demonstrated by coexpression of BrdU with Goα protein and OMP, respectively. The data on vertical distribution, however, indicate that most of the daughter cells enter the Goα-protein–expressing zone of the VN-SE by day 5, whereas most daughter cells do not reach the Gi2α-protein–expressing zone until day 7, suggesting that these two populations mature at slightly different rates. These results are the first evidence of differential neurogenesis of subclasses of vomeronasal neurons. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 43: 50–63, 2000
A fast piecewise linear approximation algorithm

Abstract A piecewise linear approximation algorithm is suggested in this paper. The algorithm is fast since it works in one pass through the given data and it does not require much memory space. Moreover the peak points are preserved and become corners of the resulting piecewise linear curve. Hence the algorithm is suitable for real time applications in which the peak points are carrying important information and therefore should be calculated accurately.
A murine model of subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm.

Cerebral vasospasm remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The availability of a mouse model of SAH that is simple, replicable and has low mortality would provide a powerful approach for understanding cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to post-SAH pathologies. The present study characterizes a mouse model of experimental SAH, which produces consistent constriction of large cerebral arteries. Adult mice received injections of autologous blood into the cisterna magna, and the diameters of large intracranial vessels were measured 1 h to 7 days post-SAH. A diffuse blood clot was evident in both the anterior and posterior circulations after SAH. Vascular wall thickening, lumenal narrowing and corrugation of the internal elastic lamina were observed. Both acute (6-12 h) and delayed (1-3 days) phases of vasoconstriction occurred after SAH. Overall mortality was only 3%. A reproducible, low mortality model of SAH-induced cerebral vasospasm in mice is described. This mouse model should facilitate the delineation of cellular and molecular mechanisms of SAH-induced pathologies because of the widespread availability of various technologies for this species (e.g. genetically-altered animals and gene expression arrays). This model also represents a replicable and inexpensive approach for screening therapeutic candidates.
Statewide dissemination of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT)

Abstract Despite evidence linking childhood trauma to subsequent social, emotional, psychological, and cognitive problems, many children who have experienced trauma do not receive mental health treatment that has been proven to be effective. Large-scale dissemination of evidence-based practices (EBPs) is one possible solution to enhance the current negative state of mental health treatment for these children. This article describes a dissemination effort of an EBP (i.e., Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy [TF-CBT]) for childhood symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder throughout Arkansas. The effort targeted mental health professionals within child advocacy centers and community mental health centers across the state. The article describes the process of dissemination and implementation. Lessons learned and recommendations for future dissemination efforts are highlighted.
Tracking drifting surface objects with aerial infrared and electro-optical sensors

Recently, researchers at the Applied Physics Laboratory at the University of Washington collected a unique dataset by suspending two cameras, one infrared and one electro-optical, from a balloon. This apparatus was then used to image objects drifting on the surface of Lake Washington. The authors took that data and built a processing stream to track the movements of those drifting surface objects.
Mechanical loading thresholds for lamellar and woven bone formation

Bone formation was measured in rat tibiae after 12 days of applied loading. Bending forces were applied using a four-point loading apparatus. Sham loads were applied at the same magnitudes as bending forces but the loading pads were arranged so that bending was minimized. Bending and sham loading were applied to the right tibiae of rats and the left tibiae served as contralateral controls. Loading was applied as a sine wave with a frequency of 2 Hz for 18 s (36 cycles) per day. The peak magnitude of applied load was 27, 33, 40, 52, and 64 N. Woven bone was observed on the periosteal surface in all animals subjected to loads of 40 N or greater. Periosteal woven bone formation occurred in both bending and sham loading groups. Woven bone formation on the periosteal surface was either absent or responded at a maximal rate if the stimulus threshold was surpassed. The amount of new woven bone and the woven bone-forming surface were independent of the magnitude of applied strain. Bone formation on the endocortical surface was exclusively lamellar. Lamellar bone formation was stimulated by applied bending of the tibia but not by sham loading. Bending strains above a loading threshold of 40 N or about 1050 mu strain increased both bone-forming surface and the mineral apposition rate and subsequently increased the bone formation rate as much as sixfold. No evidence of increased bone formation was seen for applied strains below 1050 mu strain. Examination of bulk stained sections from animals exposed to the highest applied loads showed no evidence of microcracks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The wind-forced response on a buoyant coastal current: Observations of the western Gulf of Maine plume

Abstract The freshwater plume in the western Gulf of Maine is being studied as part of an interdisciplinary investigation of the physical transport of a toxic alga. A field program was conducted in the springs of 1993 and 1994 to map the spatial and temporal patterns of salinity, currents and algal toxicity. The observations suggest that the plume's cross-shore structure varies markedly as a function of fluctuations in alongshore wind forcing. Consistent with Ekman drift dynamics, upwelling favorable winds spread the plume offshore, at times widening it to over 50 km in offshore extent, while downwelling favorable winds narrow the plume width to as little as 10 km. Using a simple slab model, we find qualitative agreement between the observed variations of plume width and those predicted by Ekman theory for short time scales of integration. Near surface current meters show significant correlations between cross-shore currents and alongshore wind stress, consistent with Ekman theory. Estimates of the terms in the alongshore momentum equation calculated from moored current meter arrays also indicate a dominant Ekman balance within the plume. A significant correlation between alongshore currents and winds suggests that interfacial drag may be important, although inclusion of a Raleigh drag term does not significantly improve the alongshore momentum balance.
Codepletion of serotonin and TRH induces apparent supersensitivity of spinal TRH receptors

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), substance P (SP) and serotonin (5-HT) coexist in raphe efferents to the spinal cord. Lesions of these serotonergic projections by intracisternal injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (50 micrograms) in rat pups resulted in 93% and 65% decreases in 5-HT and TRH content of adult rat spinal cords, respectively. This codepletion induced a 30-40% increase in binding of [3H][3-Me-His2]TRH [( 3H]MeTRH) to TRH receptors. The affinity and pharmacological specificity of [3H]MeTRH binding to control and DHT-lesioned cords appeared closely similar.
Living with Koryak traditions: playing with culture in Siberia

Living with Koryak traditions: playing with culture in Siberia, by Alexander D. King, Lincoln, NE, University of Nebraska Press, 2011, 348 pp., 23 illustrations, 2 maps, 1 glossary, US$35.00 (paper...
The application of computer numerical simulation on study of polymer-surfactant flooding

This article demonstrates the method of computer numerical simulation of polymer-surfactant flooding. According to the feature of polymer-surfactant flooding, account is taken of the adsorption and dispersion of polymer component and surfactant component in stratum and mathematical model of each component has been established. The difference method has been adopted to solve mathematical model and the numerical simulation software has been designed. Taking the block of Xing II in DaQing oilfield for example, the development indices of polymer-surfactant flooding has been predicted. Meanwhile, the feasibility of polymer-surfactant flooding has been evaluated through contrasting to water flooding, polymer flooding. According to the results of numerical simulation, the ultimate recovery of polymer-surfactant flooding of this block is 56.14%. It enhances recovery 11.03% contrasting to waterflooding and enhances recovery 3.22% contrasting to polymer flooding. This study has significant theoretical value to the evaluation of development effects and the prediction of development indices.
PCV7-induced changes in pneumococcal carriage and invasive disease burden in Alaskan children

Abstract Background Changes in pneumococcal serotype-specific carriage and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) could inform serotype epidemiology patterns following the introduction of newer conjugate vaccines. Methods We used data from statewide IPD surveillance and annual pneumococcal carriage studies in four regions of Alaska to calculate serotype-specific invasiveness ratios (IR; odds ratio of a carried serotype's likelihood to cause invasive disease compared to other serotypes) in children Results Incidence of IPD decreased from the pre- to post-vaccine period (95.7 vs. 57.2 cases per 100,000 children, P P = 0.002) and to the Alaska post-vaccine period (Spearman's rho = 0.28, P = 0.029). Relatively invasive serotypes (IR > 1) caused 66% of IPD in both periods, although fewer serotypes with IR > 1 remained in the post-vaccine ( n = 9) than the pre-vaccine period ( n = 13). Conclusions After PCV7 introduction, serotype IRs changed little, and four of the most invasive serotypes were nearly eliminated. If PCV13 use leads to a reduction of carriage and IPD for the 13 vaccine serotypes, the overall IPD rate should further decline. Note The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.