cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PTEN and cancer.

Genetic evidence strongly suggested that a tumor suppressor was located on chromosome 10. During the development of glioblastoma, one copy of chromosome 10 was typically lost (1). Cytogenetic and molecular analysis revealed partial or complete loss of chromosome 10 in bladder, endometrial, and prostate cancer (2,3). These studies implicated 10q23 as a chromosomal region likely to contain one or more important tumor suppressor genes. When wild-type chromosome 10 was reintroduced into glioblastoma cell lines, it reduced the ability of these cell lines to form tumors in nude mice, in part due to inhibition of angiogensis (4). During the same year (1996), a linkage analysis report of a cancer predisposition syndrome, Cowden disease (CD), determined that a CD locus was present on chromosome10q23 (5). These findings greatly bolstered the idea that chromosome 10q23 contained a novel tumor suppressor gene whose loss was key in the formation of several types of cancer. In 1997, Li et al. (6) identified a putative tumor suppressor on 10q23 through the use of representational difference analysis (RDA). RDA was performed on 12 primary breast tumors and a probe derived from one tumor mapped to chromosome 10q23. Six homozygous deletions were identified in cancer xenografts by walking away from the RDA marker on the STS-based YAC map. By trapping exons from a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) that spanned the smallest homozygous deletion, two exons were identified that matched expressed sequence tags (EST) present in the dBEST database. Sequence analysis of the 403 amino acid open reading frame revealed a protein tyrosine phosphatase domain and a large region of homology to chicken tensin and bovine auxilin. The gene was, therefore, designated PTEN; for Phosphatase and Tensin homolog deleted on chromosome Ten. Steck et al. (7) independently reported the identification of the same candidate tumor suppressor gene on 10q23, which was termed MMAC1 for Mutated in Multiple Advanced Cancers. They performed a high-density scan between microsatellite markers D10S191 and D10S221 in 21 glioma cell lines and primary cultures to narrow the critical region of deletion on 10q. Homozygous deletions were detected in four cell lines, with the critical region of loss bordered by D10S541 and AFM280. Using fragments
Nikotinwirkungen auf visuelle evozierte EEG-Potentiale

The effects of nicotine were measured on the averaged visual evoked response (AVER) through the use of two types of experimental cigarettes which differed only in nicotine content (i.e., 0.14 vs. 1.34 mg/cig.). The results indicate that the restorative and/or enhancing effects of cigarette smoking on peak amplitudes are due predominantly to nicotine's psychopharmacologic effects, and support past research indicating that nicotine may enhance visual attentional processes in the quiescent smoker. This contrasts with other reports indicating nicotine to have a depressant effect on auditory processes.
Currents and climate

At the beginning of this book, we artificially broke the cycle of continuous sea-air coupling. This allowed us to describe with sufficient approximation the large-scale mechanisms of atmospheric circulation. The ocean was involved in this analysis only indirectly as an inertial medium or buffer that must reduce the rate of global changes in the transport of heat, moisture and various substances. The representation of general atmospheric circulation in the form of a near-surface wind field has proved sufficient for the subsequent detailed analysis of oceanic circulation.
Supporting teen leaders: Validation of the I Drive Smart Survey

SUPPORTING TEEN LEADERS: VALIDATION OF THE I DRIVE SMART SURVEY By Cynthia M. George, PhD, MSSW A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Social Work Virginia Commonwealth University, 2016 Dissertation Chair: Patrick V. Dattalo, PhD, Professor, VCU School of Social Work Recent policy change allows states to spend federal dollars directly on teen-led driver safety efforts and requires regular evaluations of effectiveness. There are currently no standardized instruments to measure change in teen driving behavior relevant to teen leaders. This study serves the Tennessee Department of Safety and Homeland Security, Tennessee Highway Safety Office and their network of teen leaders to empirically test and refine the I Drive Smart survey developed by partners and grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The survey is designed to be administered by teen leaders to their peers and produce data relevant for use in improving planning as well as tracking changes occurring from their work. The survey measures attitudes, perceptions of social norms (peer, family, and law enforcement), perceptions of behavior control, and both driving and passenger behavior intentions. The I Drive Smart web survey was administered by a group of teen leaders to 175 of their peers. Findings were used to inform local planning and in this quasiconfirmatory study aimed at optimizing the survey. An exploratory factor analysis revealed a four factor model aligned with TPB that explained 61.618% of variation. Item reliability analysis demonstrated high internal consistency for the behavior intention scale with a Cronbach’s alpha of .884. An ordinary least squares regression test found the predictive validity of the identified components to be strong, explaining 64.5% of variation in the model and identifying perceptions of behavior control as the best predictor of behavior intentions, followed by family and peer norms. The behavior control component retained so much variation that the optimized survey assesses both volitional and non-volitional control concepts. Further, teen leaders were able to successfully administer the survey and found data helpful in supporting their planning. This study demonstrates that teen leaders are capable of directing evaluation activities and that the refined version of the I Drive Smart survey has appropriate psychometric properties for teen leaders in highway safety to use.
Cognitive and behavioral risk factors for child physical abuse among Chinese children: a multiple-informant study

It has been well established that child physical abuse is a risk factor for cognitive deficits and behavioral problems. However, the possible link between cognitive deficits and behavioral problems placing children at a higher risk of physical abuse has been overlooked. Using a prospective design, the present study aims to examine whether previously measured cognition indicated by intelligence quotient (IQ), including performance IQ (PIQ) and verbal IQ (VIQ), and behavioral problems reported by multiple informants (i.e. mothers, teachers, and children) predict later child physical abuse (which may include minor and severe forms of abuse inflicted separately by mothers and fathers) in Chinese children. A school-based survey was conducted to collect data from 265 Chinese children (52.8 % boys, mean age 13.71 ± 0.60 years) in the Wave II of China Jintan Cohort study. When they were in the last year of elementary school, children completed the Chinese version of the Wechsler intelligence scale for children-revised that measured VIQ and PIQ during 2010–2012 when their behaviors were self-assessed. Mothers and teachers of these children used the Chinese versions of the youth self report, the child behavior checklist and the teacher report form, respectively, to assess the children’s behaviors. These children reported minor and severe physical abuse experiences in the previous 12 months from mothers and fathers separately using the Chinese version of parent–child conflict tactics scale in 2013 when children were in grades 7 and 8 of middle school. The present study found that after controlling for the sociodemographic and other cognitive and/or behavior variables, high scores of child externalizing behavior rated by their mothers or teachers were associated with increased risks of experiencing maternal and paternal severe physical abuse, while a high score of self-reported externalizing behavior was associated with a decreased risk of paternal severe physical abuse. A high score of mother-rated internalizing behavior was associated with a decreased risk of maternal severe physical abuse. VIQ was associated with maternal minor physical abuse with small effect size. PIQ was not associated with any forms of physical abuse after adjusting for child behavior and sociodemographic variables. In this community sample of Chinese children, externalizing behavior perceived by mothers and teachers is linked to children being at risk for physical abuse, while internalizing behavior perceived by mothers is associated with a decreased risk of maternal physical abuse. Findings suggest that educating parents and teachers to appropriately perceive children’s externalizing behavior may help prevent the occurrence of physical abuse.
High-Precision (MC-ICPMS) Isotope Ratio Analysis Reveals Contrasting Sources of Elevated Blood Lead Levels of an Adult with Retained Bullet Fragments, and of His Child, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Exposure to the neurotoxic element lead (Pb) continues to be a major human health concern, particularly for children in US urban settings, and the need for robust tools for assessment of exposure sources has never been greater. The latest generation of multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) instrumentation offers the capability of using Pb isotopic signatures as a tool for environmental source tracking in public health. We present a case where MC-ICPMS was applied to isotopically resolve Pb sources in human clinical samples. An adult male and his child residing in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, presented to care in August 2015 with elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) (>200 μg/dL for the adult and 10 μg/dL for the child). The adult subject is a gunshot victim who had multiple bullet fragments embedded in soft tissue of his thigh for approximately 10 years. This study compared the high-precision isotopic fingerprints (<1 ‰ 2σ external precision) of Pb in the adult’s and child’s whole blood (WB) to the following possible Pb sources: a surgically extracted bullet fragment, household paint samples and tap water, and a Pb water-distribution pipe removed from servicing a house in the same neighborhood. Pb in the bullet and adult WB were nearly isotopically indistinguishable (matching within 0.05–0.56 ‰), indicating that bullet fragments embedded in soft tissue could be the cause of both acute and chronic elevated blood Pb levels. Among other sources investigated, no single source dominated the child’s exposure profile as reflected in the elevated BLL.
Human Variability and the Origins and Evolution of Language

In this paper, I argue that relaxed selection—an evolutionary process that contributes to the well-documented effects of gene duplication, diversification, and synergistic gene interactions in evolution—may have also played a significant role in the evolution of the extensive phenotypic plasticity and unprecedented neurological changes in human evolution that support language.
In Vitro Interactions of Epacadostat and its Major Metabolites with Human Efflux and Uptake Transporters: Implications for Pharmacokinetics and Drug Interactions

Epacadostat (EPAC) is a first-in-class, orally active inhibitor of the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 and has demonstrated promising clinical activity. In humans, three major plasma metabolites have been identified: M9 (a glucuronide-conjugate), M11 (a gut microbiota metabolite), and M12 (a secondary metabolite formed from M11). It is proposed, based on the human pharmacokinetics of EPAC, that the biliary excretion of M9, the most abundant metabolite, leads to the enterohepatic circulation of EPAC. Using various in vitro systems, we evaluated in the present study the vitro interactions of EPAC and its major metabolites with major drug transporters involved in drug absorption and disposition. EPAC is a substrate for efflux transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), but it is not a substrate for hepatic uptake transporters [organic anion transporting polypeptides OATP1B1 and OATP1B3]. The low permeability of M9 suggests an essential role for transporters in its disposition. M9 is likely excreted from hepatocytes into bile via multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and BCRP, excreted into blood via MRP3, and transported from blood back into hepatocytes via OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. M11 and M12 are not substrates for P-gp, OATP1B1 or OATP1B3, and M11, but not M12, is a substrate for BCRP. With respect to inhibition of drug transporters, the potential of EPAC, M9, M11, and M12 to cause clinical drug-drug interactions via inhibition of P-gp, BCRP, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OAT1, OAT3, or organic cation transporter 2 was estimated to be low. The current investigation underlines the importance of metabolite-transporter interactions in the disposition of clinically relevant metabolites, which may have implications for the pharmacokinetics and drug interactions of parent drugs.
Identifying non-hierarchical spatial clusters

Investigating relationships in information is an important component of statistical and spatial analysis. Clustering techniques have proven to be effective in helping to find patterns or relationships which otherwise may not have been detected. One of the most popular partitioning based clustering approaches is k-means. In this paper we explore the application of the k-means approach to spatial information in order to assess its characteristic features. One aspect of concern is implementation in commercial statistical software packages. In particular, the invariable sub-optimality (or poor solution quality) of identified clusters will be investigated. Another aspect of evaluation is a direct comparison to an alternative, spatially-based clustering approach. Although numerous authors over the past 30 or so years have discussed shortcomings associated with the use of the k-means approach, empirically based work which illustrates biasing effects is lacking. This paper contributes to the further understanding of clustering techniques.
What Do Investors Ask Managers Privately

Managers extensively interact with investors in private. While recent research finds that investors benefit from these offline interactions, little is known about what information is sought during these events. Using field data of over 1,200 questions asked during private meetings, we characterize the information sought by investors. We show that investors seek to acquire more timely information, more depth and clarity of public news, and feedback on their investment theses. Numerous questions seek information that—if provided by managers—potentially violates Regulation Fair Disclosure (Reg FD). We find that some types of questions asked during meetings are associated with the likelihood of trading and that questions posed privately to managers tend to be more negative in tone than those asked publicly during conference calls. Overall, our investigation illuminates the contents of offline managerial interactions by investigating the information that investors privately seek.
Vibro-acoustic methods of insect detection in agricultural shipments and wood packing materials

Stevens Institute of Technology has been investigating engineering solutions to augment the current inspection process at ports of entry in an effort to minimize the threat posed by invasive species. Stevens has built several sensitive acoustic systems for detection of tiny acoustic/vibrational signals produced by moving insects and tested them in two US ports of entry and at the USDA APHIS PPQ S&T facility in Buzzards Bay, MA. The system for insect detection in vegetables and herbs uses a soundproofed case where boxes filled with vegetables or herbs were placed during the test. For wood boring insects, sensitive custom-made accelerometers were built. Special algorithms for detection of events connected with insect movement and separating them from the ambient noise were developed. The tests demonstrating the system ability for insect detection were conducted with several representative insects, including: Khapra beetles in rice, Copitarsia larva and Helicoverpa zea in a large box of vegetables, and Asian Longhorned Beetles and Emerald Ash Borers in wood.
Cyber Shrinks: Expanding the Paradigm

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of professional issues arising from widespread Internet use. Many things are happening in cyberspace, which affect the practice of mental health. Some professionals now conduct therapy entirely online. Others are beginning to include some aspects of electronic communication in their clinical practices. Some seasoned clinicians are adamant that conducting therapy electronically is impossible, while others believe that Internet-driven mental health services will eventually become a viable part of health care. The chapter discusses several topics of interest to clinicians concerning how the Internet is changing their work and their patients. It highlights the importance of research about Internet use is before professionals consider practicing online or treating patients with cyber problems. Following this, the chapter discusses reframing risk management in cyberspace. The chapter also presents examples of clinical practice online, which help expand the paradigm so that mental health clinicians ill feel more comfortable and competent treating cyber problems online and offline.
Fragments generated upon extracellular matrix remodeling: Biological regulators and potential drugs

Abstract The remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by several protease families releases a number of bioactive fragments, which regulate numerous biological processes such as autophagy, angiogenesis, adipogenesis, fibrosis, tumor growth, metastasis and wound healing. We review here the proteases which generate bioactive ECM fragments, their ECM substrates, the major bioactive ECM fragments, together with their biological properties and their receptors. The translation of ECM fragments into drugs is challenging and would take advantage of an integrative approach to optimize the design of pre-clinical and clinical studies. This could be done by building the contextualized interaction network of the ECM fragment repertoire including their parent proteins, remodeling proteinases, and their receptors, and by using mathematical disease models.
On Some Open Problems in Optimal Control

Several open problems are presented concerning regularity properties of solutions of optimal control problems with constraints.
A New Perspective: Mitochondrial Stat3 as a Regulator for Lymphocyte Function

Stat3 as a transcription factor regulating gene expression in lymphocytes during the immune response is well known. However, since the pioneering studies discovering the presence of Stat3 in mitochondria and its role in regulating mitochondrial metabolism, only a few studies have investigated this non-conventional function of Stat3 in lymphocytes. From this perspective, we review what is known about Stat3 as a transcription factor and what is known and unknown about mitochondrial Stat3 (mitoStat3) in lymphocytes. We also provide a framework to consider how some of the functions previously assigned to Stat3 as regulator of gene transcription could be mediated by mitoStat3 in lymphocytes. The goal of this review is to stimulate interest for future studies investigating mitoStat3 in the immune response that could lead to the generation of alternative pharmacological inhibitors of mitoStat3 for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
Patricia Phillips Marshall y Jo Ramsay Leimenstoll. Thomas Day: Master Craftsman and Free Man of Color. Chapel Hill: The North Carolina Museum of History, The University of North Carolina Press, 2010, 320 pp.

Resena de Patricia Phillips Marshall y Jo Ramsay Leimenstoll, Thomas Day: Master Craftsman and Free Man of Color (Chapel Hill: The North Carolina Museum of History, The University of North Carolina Press, 2010).
Potential Clinical Implications of Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Within Possible Exercise Selves Schemata: A Pilot Study

Our purpose was to explore implicit as well as explicit exercise schemata of 51 inactive to highly active college students. For the implicit measure, a pilot study was used to establish the word set (exercise-related, nonexercise-related, and nonwords) for the lexical decision task. A latency differential was calculated based on reaction times to these word sets. Participants used self-regulatory functions to rate both hoped and feared exercise selves and reported workout hours. An estimate of aerobic fitness was derived. Results showed that implicit exercise attitudes were related to the “importance” placed on being an exerciser and on avoiding being a nonexerciser. Those who self-identified as an exerciser had higher levels of self-efficacy, workouts, and fitness. In contrast, those who self-identified as a nonexerciser were less active and fit and seemed to dwell on negative thoughts related to self-efficacy. Clinicians might help clients explore these attitudes, especially importance.
Deep-Sea Bacteria

Hydrostatic pressure emerged as a significant environmental factor in ecology and evolution during the second half of the twentieth century. Pressure is not explicitly considered, for example, in Ekman’s classic 1953 book on the biogeography of marine animals (Ekman 1953). The book, a revision of a much earlier edition, was probably completed just as the Galathea Expedition ended in 1952 and was uninfluenced by the discoveries of its scientists (Bruun 1957). ZoBell and Morita, as participants on the Galathea Expedition, showed that pressure must be considered as a significant environmental parameter affecting the distribution of bacteria (Yayanos 2000, ZoBell 1952; ZoBell and Morita 1959). Other members of the expedition found animals in the greatest ocean depths.
Complementary Theorems of Solid Mechanics

ABSTRACT The recent works of Zubov, Fraeijs de Veubeke, Koiter and Christofferson have revived interest in the formulation of complementary theorems for finite elastic deformations. The definitions and physical attributes of the alternative strains and stresses portend the difficulties, inherent in the formulation of a truly complementary functional. In general, complementary densities of energy must be expressed in terms of conjugate strains and stresses, respectively the components of stress are necessarily referred to the convected lines of the medium. Therefore, the functional depends also upon the rotations, as the functional of Fraeijs de Veubeke. The sum of the potential and the complementary functional vanishes for all equilibrium states. Consequently, the Trefftz criteria of neutral equilibrium imply the complementary criteria, as given by Koiter. Here, the stationary theorem of Fraeijs de Veubeke and the stability criteria of Koiter are cast in general forms; the latter are correlated with the works of Popelar and Masur.
Complicating Power in High-Tech Reproduction: Narratives of Anonymous Paid Egg Donors

This paper is informed by my own participant observation and uses my own ethnography which included conducting in-depth interviews with anonymous paid egg donors and observing a listserv for women considering, pursuing, or having completed egg donation, to illustrate the way that power operates at this particular site of the reproductive center in postmodernity. After outlining who the consumers and providers of eggs are, I will use Foucault's concepts of biopower, disciplinary power, and normativity to describe how anonymous paid egg donation plays a socially useful role in reproducing privilege and in preserving the myth of the nuclear family. Drawing on feminist theorizing to problematize altruism, I will show how the construction of the altruist narrative feeds the preservation of that myth by giving egg donors appropriately feminine motivations. Finally, I will focus on one particular site of resistance on the part of egg donors—controlling their self-presentation, tweaking the pool of eggs—to underscore the simultaneity of control of and control by egg donors.
Putting an electron to rest

Cyclotrons are well known as the first useful particle accelerators. Less familiar is their use for high-precision measurements of fundamental constants, such as the electron magnetic moment. An experiment that records the fundamental quantum limit of a cyclotron opens the way to even better measurements of the electron magnetic moment.
Test methodology for the thermal shock characterization of ceramics

An experimental methodology is proposed to evaluate the thermal shock resistance of ceramics. A technique based on infrared heating has been developed to perform systematic and well controlled thermal shock experiments. This novel technique was used to evaluate the resistance of yttria-stabilized zirconia–alumina foams to thermal loads. Foams of varying cell sizes were subjected to thermal shock and the damage was evaluated using retained strength and non-destructive elastic modulus measurements. The transient thermal gradients and the resulting thermoelastic stresses in the foams were predicted using finite element analysis and the extent of damage was correlated to the maximum thermal strains generated in foams.
How the ACRL Research as Inquiry Frame Informed Library Instruction at a College of Medicine

In recent years, librarians have begun to consult the Association of College and Research Libraries’ (ACRL) Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education to inform their library instruction and respond effectively to an ever-changing information ecosystem. This article describes an academic medical library’s experience with framing scholarly research as a discovery process of asking questions and finding answers, in essence, following the basic premise of the ACRL’s “Research as Inquiry” frame. The authors’ development of instructional sessions for undergraduate interdisciplinary medical students has also encouraged their integration of framework concepts with medical education standards and previous active-learning initiatives.
The relationship between cognitive enrichment and cognitive control: A systematic investigation of environmental influences on development through socioeconomic status.

We measured the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on cognitive processes. We examined cognitive control, specifically working memory (WM), in a sample of N = 141 7- to 17-year-olds using rule-guided behavior tasks. Our hypothesis is based on computational modeling data that suggest that the development of flexible cognitive control requires variable experiences in which to implement rule-guided action. We found that not all experiences that correlated with SES in our sample impacted task performance, and not all experiential variables that impacted performance were associated with SES. Of the experiential variables associated with task performance, only cognitive enrichment opportunities worked indirectly through SES to affect WM as tested with rule-guided behavior tasks. We discuss the data in the context of necessary precision in SES research.
Identification and quantification of Aphelenchoides besseyi from rice using qPCR

Rice is an essential food source for humans. Rice white tip nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi, is the most important and devastating plant-parasitic nematode of rice. In order to prevent the spread of A. besseyi, a rapid and accurate diagnostic protocol is required for seed certification and quarantine purposes. Here, we developed a qPCR assay based on small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) of A. besseyi and validated it successfully in white tip nematode populations collected from rice-growing fields. Our findings indicate that a dilution series of plasmid DNA of A. besseyi showed a high correlation (R2 = 0.99, efficiency 95%) with Ct values. The different stages of white tip nematode, i.e. egg, juvenile, male and female, were successfully identified using qPCR assay; the single juvenile nematode was also detected without separate DNA isolation. In addition, qPCR assay without the need for a separate nematode extraction step directly identified A. besseyi from infected brown rice, hull and paddy. Since the novel qPCR assay is specific and sensitive for detection of A. besseyi, it could be used for detection and quantification of rice white tip nematode.
Nuclear Scaling Is Coordinated among Individual Nuclei in Multinucleated Muscle Fibers.

Optimal cell performance depends on cell size and the appropriate relative size, i.e., scaling, of the nucleus. How nuclear scaling is regulated and contributes to cell function is poorly understood, especially in skeletal muscle fibers, which are among the largest cells, containing hundreds of nuclei. Here, we present a Drosophila in vivo system to analyze nuclear scaling in whole multinucleated muscle fibers, genetically manipulate individual components, and assess muscle function. Despite precise global coordination, we find that individual nuclei within a myofiber establish different local scaling relationships by adjusting their size and synthetic activity in correlation with positional or spatial cues. While myonuclei exhibit compensatory potential, even minor changes in global nuclear size scaling correlate with reduced muscle function. Our study provides the first comprehensive approach to unraveling the intrinsic regulation of size in multinucleated muscle fibers. These insights to muscle cell biology will accelerate the development of interventions for muscle diseases.
Patent-Eligible Subject Matter in the United States: An Evolving Landscape

The scope of patent-eligible subject matter has been evolving since the early 1980s in the United States. The US Supreme Court has attempted to restrict the doctrine in recent years; however the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has reinterpreted the Supreme Court case law to arguably cause confusion in the doctrine. The US Patent and Trademark Office attempted to clarify the doctrine, but some of the cases may be irreconcilable. Notably, interested groups are attempting to change the doctrine to return to a more expansive time. The doctrine lacks clarity and will likely continue to evolve. This paper explores the evolution of the patent-eligible subject matter doctrine, especially in the biotechnology field.
Discovery of a spontaneous portosystemic shunt following portal vein embolization.

INTRODUCTION Right portal vein embolization (PVE) has become a crucially important option in the minimally-invasive treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma or secondary liver malignancy before partial hepatectomy or trisegmentectomy to reduce perioperative morbidity. The main goal of PVE is to increase the volume of the future liver remnant (FLR), which can provide complete liver metabolic functionality without risk of developing posthepatectomy liver failure, also known as "small for size syndrome." PVE accomplishes this via the redirection of portal venous flow toward the left portal vein circulation resulting in an increased left hepatic lobe volume. CASE REPORT We present a patient with a noncirrhotic liver and a previously unknown portal venous to systemic venous shunt that became apparent after a right PVE was completed. Left untreated, this shunt would have undoubtedly jeopardized the FLR volume. CONCLUSION The presence of previously undetected portosystemic shunting is a potential cause for otherwise assumed idiopathic PVE failure, and the goal of this article is to underscore the importance of evaluating for these shunts before PVE.
Urban topologies of epistemic change: the zoo and the heterotopia of the map

By tracing the history of maps of the Zurich Zoo since its inception in 1929, I enquire how ideas about human-animal relations in an urban context have changed. Linking Foucault's concept of the he...
Product domains, multi-Cauchy transforms, and the ∂¯ equation

Abstract Solution operators for the equation ∂ ¯ u = f are constructed on general product domains in C n . When the factors are one-dimensional, the operator is a simple integral operator: specific derivatives of f are integrated against iterated Cauchy kernels. For higher dimensional factors, the solution is constructed by solving sub- ∂ ¯ equations with modified data on the factors. Estimates in several norms are proved.
Erythrocyte-Mediated Angiography: Quantifying Absolute Episcleral Blood Flow in Humans.

Abstract We introduce erythrocyte-mediated angiography (EMA) as a novel technique for quantifying absolute episcleral blood flow in humans. This technique is highly reproducible and may be a valuable quantitative tool for studying aqueous hemodynamics.
Ecological momentary assessment of gastrointestinal symptoms and risky eating behaviors in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy patients.

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) are common after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). However, little is known about frequencies of GIS and their co-occurrence with risky eating behaviors. Objectives Compare RYGB and SG on GIS and risky eating behaviors, and test associations between GIS and behaviors. Setting Two university hospitals in Northeastern United States. Methods RYGB (n = 18) and SG (n = 53) patients completed smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment of GIS and risky eating behaviors at 4 semi-random times daily for 10 days preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Study objectives were evaluated using generalized linear mixed-effects models. Results All available data from each assessment were included in the analysis: participant attrition was 18%, 30%, and 38% at 3, 6, and 12 months. All GIS were reduced at 12 months postoperative. Bloating decreased consistently whereas cramping, dehydration, and dumping first increased at 3 to 6 months then decreased to 12 months. Diarrhea, nausea, reflux, and vomiting decreased to 12 months for RYGB, but first increased at 3 to 6 months then decreased to 12 months for SG. Consumption of carbonated and sugar-sweetened beverages, fatty meats, and sweets decreased to 6 months then rebounded at 12 months. Eating past the first sign of fullness, drinking liquids with meals, not starting meals with protein, and fried foods consumption decreased to 6 months and then rebounded for RYGB only at 12 months. Alcohol consumption did not change. Sweets consumption and eating past the first sign of fullness were most consistently associated with GIS for both RYGB and SG patients. Conclusion GIS and risky eating behaviors improved postoperatively, although patterns of change were variable and occasionally differed between RYGB and SG. Pending replication, patients may benefit from intervention to limit risky behaviors that are tailored to their surgery type.
Don’t put all your eggs in foreign baskets

espanolAnalizo la lenta expansion de las exportaciones durante y despues de crisis financieras utilizando datos a nivel firma para dos paises-episodios: Argentina 2001 y Peru 1998. Encuentro que firmas exportadoras incumbentes no expanden sus ventas y que no hay un sustancial aumento de firmas exportadoras. Aun mas, presento evidencia que sugiere que la elasticidad de las exportaciones al tipo de cambio real es asimetrica, menor para depreciaciones que para apreciaciones. Construyo y estimo un modelo EDGE para una economia pequena y abierta donde emprendedores exportadores se encuentran sujetos a fricciones financieras y efectos de hojas de balance para explicar los hechos estilizados encontrados. Aunque estas fricciones reducen la expansion de las exportaciones ante movimientos en el tipo de cambio real, uso ejercicios computacionales para mostrar que no son suficientes para explicar los resultados empiricos. EnglishI analyze the sluggish response of exports during and after financial crises using firm level data for two countries-episodes: Argentina 2001 and Peru 1998 crises. I find that both incumbent exporting firms do not expand and that there’s no significant entry of new exporting firms. Furthermore, I present evidence that suggests that the export elasticity to the real exchange rate is asymmetric, smaller for depreciations than for appreciations. I build and estimate a DSGE model for a small open economy where exporting entrepreneurs are subject to financial frictions and balance sheet effects in order to try and explain these stylized facts. Although these frictions decrease the response of exports to movements in the exchange rate, I use computational exercises to show that they are not enough to explain the empirical results.
When guidance changes: Government stances and public beliefs

Abstract Governments often make early recommendations about issues that remain uncertain. Do governments’ early positions affect how much people believe the latest recommendations? We investigate this question using an incentivized online experiment with 1900 US respondents in early April 2020. We present all participants with the latest CDC projection about coronavirus death counts. We randomize exposure to information that highlights how President Trump previously downplayed the coronavirus threat. When the President’s inconsistency is salient, participants are less likely to revise their prior beliefs about death counts from the projection. They also report lower trust in the government. These results align with a simple model of signal extraction from government communication, and have implications for the design of changing guidelines in other settings.
Entrustable Professional Activity-Based Assessments in Undergraduate Medical Education: A Survey of Pediatric Educators.

Abstract Objective To explore the use of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) in undergraduate medical education (UME), characterization of EPAs by pediatric educators, and opportunities and challenges with an EPA framework. Methods In 2020, 9 survey questions were administered to members of the Council on Medical Student Education in Pediatrics, a national pediatric UME group. Clark's Commitment and Necessary Effort model on motivation served as the theoretical framework for our study. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and conventional content analysis, respectively. Results One hundred and sixty-seven (31%) of 479 recipients, representing 75% of accredited schools responded. Eigty-three percent agreed that they understood what EPAs were, yet a minority reported using EPAs. Eighty-five percent of EPA users expressed satisfaction with EPAs in providing a shared framework and an opportunity to track student competence; dissatisfaction was expressed toward faculty resource needs. Among nonusers, barriers hindering implementation included faculty development challenges and faculty time. Qualitative analyses revealed a rich understanding of EPAs: that they offer a framework to measure learner competence by assessing performance in workplace-based tasks that can be used for entrustment decisions and for program evaluation. Conclusions Although most pediatric UME educators report understanding EPAs (contributing to self-efficacy) and recognize their benefits (value), a minority report actually using EPAs. EPAs, while providing a valuable framework, pose challenges from contextual factors affecting personal agency, which could affect educator commitment in implementation. For more widespread adoption of the EPAs, efforts should focus on minimizing these perceived barriers.
Air pollution and lung function in children

In this narrative review, we summarize the literature and provide updates on recent studies of air pollution exposures and child lung function and lung function growth. We include exposures to outdoor air pollutants that are monitored and regulated through air quality standards, and air pollutants that are not routinely monitored or directly regulated, including wildfires, indoor biomass and coal burning, gas and wood stove use, and volatile organic compounds. Included is a more systematic review of the recent literature on long-term air pollution and child lung function because this is an indicator of future adult respiratory health and exposure assessment tools have improved dramatically in recent years. We present "summary observations" and "knowledge gaps." We end by discussing what is known about what can be done at the individual/household, local/regional, and national levels to overcome structural impediments, reduce air pollution exposures, and improve child lung function. We found a large literature on adverse air pollution effects on children's lung function level and growth; however, many questions remain. Important areas needing further research include whether early-life effects are fixed or reversible; and what are windows of increased susceptibility, long-term effects of repeated wildfire events, and effects of air quality interventions.
New Standards for Clinical Decision Support: A Survey of The State of Implementation.

Objectives: To review the current state of research on designing and implementing clinical decision support (CDS) using four current interoperability standards: Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR); Substitutable Medical Applications and Reusable Technologies (SMART); Clinical Quality Language (CQL); and CDS Hooks. Methods: We conducted a review of original studies describing development of specific CDS tools or infrastructures using one of the four targeted standards, regardless of implementation stage. Citations published any time before the literature search was executed on October 21, 2020 were retrieved from PubMed. Two reviewers independently screened articles and abstracted data according to a protocol designed by team consensus. Results: Of 290 articles identified via PubMed search, 44 were included in this study. More than three quarters were published since 2018. Forty-three (98%) used FHIR; 22 (50%) used SMART; two (5%) used CQL; and eight (18%) used CDS Hooks. Twenty-four (55%) were in the design stage, 15 (34%) in the piloting stage, and five (11%) were deployed in a real-world setting. Only 12 (27%) of the articles reported an evaluation of the technology under development. Three of the four articles describing a deployed technology reported an evaluation. Only two evaluations with randomized study components were identified. Conclusion: The diversity of topics and approaches identified in the literature highlights the utility of these standards. The infrequency of reported evaluations, as well as the high number of studies in the design or piloting stage, indicate that these technologies are still early in their life cycles. Informaticists will require a stronger evidence base to understand the implications of using these standards in CDS design and implementation.
Biochemical Measures of Diabetes are Not Independent Predictors of Urinary Incontinence in Women

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus type II is considered an important risk factor for urinary incontinence. We investigated associations among biochemical measures of diabetes with stress and urgency urinary incontinence in a nationally representative sample of American women.Materials and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of female adult participants in the 2001 to 2010 NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). Urinary incontinence was ascertained by self-report. Diabetes was defined by calculated measures of glycemic control and insulin resistance. Glycemic control was classified by HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose. Insulin resistance was estimated by fasting plasma insulin and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance definition. Logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic variables and risk factors were fitted for each measure of diabetes mellitus type II severity, and stress and urgency urinary incontinence. Stepwise multivariable logistic regression ...
Chapter 31. Mathematical Models for Toxicity Evaluation

Publisher Summary This chapter covers those mathematical models that are under study with the goal of producing results comparable to those obtained by testing in animals. Various statistical methodologies have been applied to the modeling/classification problem encountered when a number of objects are under consideration, which are described by a number of descriptors, to classify the objects in terms of the descriptors. These methods include 2-group multiple regression analysis, principal components, discriminant analysis, and the linear learning machine. Despite individual preferences shown by the workers for one or another of these methods, they are all related, have common bases in statistics, and can all be expected to provide similar, although not identical, classifications and to provide similar predictability. In spite of this statistical estimates have not yet achieved general acceptance in the field of toxicology, but their increasing availability has compelled scientists to recognize that experimental toxicity data are also not exact end points; they are subject to considerable variation because of the many factors enumerated by Zbinden, and are in themselves estimates. It may well be accepted soon that an estimate of an LD50, which is based on a model built from a large database, may be as or more accurate than an experimental test run on only three or four animals at three or four doses.
Introduction to manufacturing processes and materials

Part 1 Manufacturing management and overview: the role of manufacturing in global economics, manufacturing aids and manufacturing break-even analysis. Part 2 Material and design considerations in manufacturing: basic material properties mechanical material property relationships methods for increasing mechanical material properties material codes and coding systems design, material and cost relationships. Part 3 Manufacturing processes: manufacturing processes overview process selection basics metal casting process considerations plastic parts manufacturing powder metallurgy bulk deformation processing sheetmetal forming machining (material removal or cutting) processes joining processes. Part 4 Manufacturing support functions: tool design for manufacturing failure analysis and prevention.
Dual Phase Priming by IL-3 for Leukotriene C4 Generation in Human Basophils: Difference in Characteristics Between Acute and Late Priming Effects

Previous studies have suggested that enhancement of mediator release from human basophils by IL-3 occurs in at least two phases, and the current studies further characterize the signaling changes that accompany these two phases of the basophil in response to IL-3. The test stimulus for these studies was anaphylatoxin split product of C component (C5a), which does not induce leukotriene C4 release without prior IL-3 treatment. Functionally, IL-3 priming occurs after 5 min, disappears by 2 h, and returns by 18 h. In contrast, the kinetics of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, induced by IL-3, do not show the second rise by 18 h. The kinetics of cPLA2 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation following stimulation with C5a are the same for cells that were not treated with IL-3 as for those treated for 18 h, i.e., a lag in phosphorylation of cPLA2 and ERK1/2 lasting 30 s before its eventual rise. Previous studies showed that a 5-min treatment with IL-3 induced little change in the C5a-induced cytosolic calcium response, while 24 h of treatment resulted in a marked and sustained cytosolic calcium elevation during the C5a-induced response. The first phase of the IL-3 priming effect (5-15 min of treatment) was unaffected by cycloheximide, while the second phase (18 h) was inhibited. These data suggest that early IL-3 priming results from preconditioning cPLA2, i.e., causing its phosphorylation, while late priming results from a qualitative change in the cytosolic calcium response.