cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Zeroing in on the appropriate management of occupational exposures to HIV-1.

Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the healthcare setting continues to be a concern for the healthcare community. Although in the tenth year of the HIV epidemic in the United States we have learned a great deal about some aspects of the occupational risks associated with the provision of care for HIV-l-infected individuals, we still lack several important pieces of information regarding these risks. While several prospective clinical studies have provided information regarding the magnitude of risk for HIV-1 infection associated with percutaneois or mucous membrane exposures to body fluids containing HIV-1,1 we have yet to gain much insight into factors associated with occupational injuries that influence risks for infection. For example, most of the instances of documented occupational/nosocomial transmission of HIV-1 described in the literature have resulted from inadvertent occupational exposures to what might be called "hot" needles (i.e., healthcare worker infections resulting from parenteral exposures to needles [or other sharp objects] that had been removed from HIV-l-infected patients or from specimens containing blood from such patients only moments prior to the exposure).1 Such exposures are also likely to produce the most obvious concern among healthcare providers and are, therefore, perhaps the most likely to be reported and carefully documented. Thus, the precise role of the immediacy of the exposure in producing occupational infection remains unclear.
A novel view of opiate tolerance

Abstract Opiate substances occur as natural compounds in various invertebrate and vertebrate neural tissues. Recently we have discovered a novel opiate alkaloid-selective and opioid peptide-insensitive receptor, designated μ 3 , that provides further evidence of the existence of separate morphine processes. Interestingly morphine biosynthesis appears to be linked to the dopamine pathway. Based on studies documenting the presence of morphine after stress, e.g., trauma, it is noted that this signal substance emerges after a timely delay. From this we speculate that this molecule can serve a specific effect to downregulate physiological processes after stress. We conclude that tolerance represents a natural process that terminates its action. In this regard a morphine hypothesis may be essential to a complete picture of motive circuitry. A speculative view of the psychiatric implications in schizophrenia, depression, and autism are presented with this in mind.
Base composition of transfer RNAs from vegetative and developing cells of Dictyostelium discoideum

Abstract In a previous comparison of tRNAs from vegetative and developing cells of Dictyostelium discoideum , displacements of chromatographic peaks were observed for a number of aminoacyl-tRNAs (Palatnik, C.M., Katz, E.R. and Brenner, M. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 694–703). Since the development peak eluted ahead of the vegetative peak in all but one case, and since levels of amino acid acceptance and tRNA chromatographic profiles were otherwise quite similar, it was suggested that a common change or a very small number of changes in base modification were occurring during development. We have therefore compared tRNAs from both stages with respect particularly to their minor base composition. Of the minor bases which we have analyzed no reproducible differences between the two stages have been detected. Moreover, we have been unable to confirm a recent report (Dingermann, T., Schmidt, W. and Kersten, H. (1977) FEBS Lett. 80, 205–208) that a significant change occurs in the ribothymidine content of tRNA during Dictyostelium discoideum development.
Identity Work and Cultural Artefacts in Literacy Learning and Use: A Sociocultural Analysis.

This paper aims to contribute a sociocultural theoretical perspective for the creative identity work involved in the ongoing process of learning and using literacies. Drawing on anthropological theories of identity formation, I argue that people employ cultural resources, such as cultural artefacts, to develop new identities and literacies. I illuminate these processes by drawing examples from interviews with adult literacy students in Brazil and current literature in sociocultural studies of literacy.
Delayed cord clamping may also be beneficial in rich settings.

Delayed cord clamping reduces infant anaemia in resource poor settings.1 There are, however, other implications, and neonatal anaemia is still important in developed countries. In Darlington we have a guideline to delay cord clamping for at least 40 seconds.2 It was a pragmatic decision to make 40 seconds the interval, and …
Fringe Modifies O-Fucose on Mouse Notch1 at Epidermal Growth Factor-like Repeats within the Ligand-binding Site and the Abruptex Region

Abstract Fringe plays a key role in the specification of boundaries during development by modulating the ability of Notch ligands to activate Notch receptors. Fringe is a fucose-specific β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase that modifiesO-fucose moieties on the epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats of Notch. To investigate how the change in sugar structure caused by Fringe modulates Notch activity, we have analyzed the sites of O-fucose and Fringe modification on mouse Notch1. The extracellular domain of Notch1 has 36 tandem EGF repeats, many of which are predicted to be modified with O-fucose. We recently proposed a broadened consensus sequence forO-fucose, C2 X 3–5(S/T)C3(where C2 and C3 represent the second and third conserved cysteines), significantly expanding the potential number of modification sites on Notch. Here we demonstrate that sites predicted using this broader consensus sequence are modified withO-fucose on mouse Notch1, and we present evidence suggesting that the consensus can be further refined to C2 X 4–5(S/T)C3. In particular, we demonstrate that EGF 12, a portion of the ligand-binding site, is modified with O-fucose and that this site is evolutionarily conserved. We also show that endogenous Fringe proteins in Chinese hamster ovary cells (Lunatic fringe and Radical fringe) as well as exogenous Manic fringe modifyO-fucose on many but not all EGF repeats of mouse Notch1. These findings suggest that the Fringes show a preference forO-fucose on some EGF repeats relative to others. This specificity appears to be encoded within the amino acid sequence of the individual EGF repeats. Interestingly, our results reveal that Manic fringe modifies O-fucose both at the ligand-binding site (EGF 12) and in the Abruptex region. These findings provide insight into potential mechanisms by which Fringe action on Notch receptors may influence both the affinity of Notch-ligand binding and cell-autonomous inhibition of Notch signaling by ligand.
Ultrasound-assisted micro-emulsion for synthesis of Pt and PtCo nano-particles

Abstract Several wet chemical methods were examined for synthesis of Pt and PtCo nano-particles, including normal chemical synthesis, micro-emulsion synthesis, and ultrasound-assisted micro-emulsion synthesis. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used for the characterization. The PtCo synthesized with ultrasound-assisted micro-emulsion showed a uniform particle size distribution. We can control the particle size from 17 nm to 3 nm by varying the synthetic environment, such as the water/oil ratio, water/surfactant ratio, reactant concentration, and pH value in water phase. The CV results showed that by applying ultrasound-assisted micro-emulsion for synthesis of PtCo catalyst, the catalytic peak current for oxygen reduction increased 15% over the PtCo synthesized by micro-emulsion but without applying ultrasound in the synthetic environment, and 47% over the PtCo synthesized by normal chemical method. The catalytic peak potential for the PtCo synthesized with ultrasound-assisted micro-emulsion had 30 mV positive shift for O 2 reduction in comparison with that synthesized by micro-emulsion without applying ultrasound, and 100 mV positive shift in comparison with that synthesized by normal chemical method.
Assimilation in New Destinations

This article outlines a long-term research agenda on immigrant assimilation by calling on scholars to be more explicit about how we model and measure assimilation, and to move away from previously aspatial approaches to the topic. After briefly overviewing the field, I draw on original qualitative data from a new immigrant destination region to highlight several places where I believe we scholars can better clarify definitions of and assumptions about assimilation, as well as choices about and interpretations of our data, to foster transparency and facilitate scholarly discovery. I conclude by arguing that scholars working in new immigrant destinations are well poised to examine how legal status – a key structural feature of the context of reception in a host society or locale – shapes assimilation processes and outcomes.
Development of the cytoplasmic membranous organelle in the endodermal cells of the yolk sac of the bat Tadarida brasiliensis cynocephala.

The “membranous organelle” in the cytoplasm of the endodermal cells of the yolk sac develops directly from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The organelle is very small, but recognizable prior to mid-gestation when the endodermal cells first hypertrophy, and at this time it consists of only a few hexagonal channels. The membranes forming the walls of the channels are continuous with the rough ER, and mitochondria are usually in close proximity to the developing structure. Glycogen is observed within the channels of the organelle even at this early stage, though none may be present in the remainder of the cytoplasm. The structure remains quite inconspicuous until about a month before birth when it increases in size, becoming as large as the nucleus, and is the dominant structure in the cytoplasm. At the height of its development it surrounds numerous lipid droplets of various sizes, and glycogen is at all times present within the membranous channels.
A summary of TTA extraction coefficients

Abstract Extraction with organic solutions of 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) has proved to be a versatile and powerful method for radiochemical separations. A summary of the data in the literature is presented. In general, the logarithm of the extraction coefficient is linear with pH at constant TTA concentration. The slope of this linear relationship and the pH of 50 per cent extraction for 0·2 M TTA in benzene are presented for forty-eight elements in the form of a periodic table. A graph is given by which one may quickly estimate per cent extraction as a function of pH. An equation for the variation of extraction with TTA concentration is given and the effect of changing the organic solvent is discussed. New experimental data are presented for the extraction of Pa(V) and Fe(III) from hydrochloric acid.
Enhancement of ionic conductivity by dispersed oxide inclusions: Influence of oxide isoelectric point and cation size

Abstract Doping of a halide salt by dispersion of oxide particles rather than subtitutional impurities is a proven method of enhancing the extrinsic ionic conductivity of the host. The conductivity mechanism in any space-charge layer at the oxide/host interface is determined by the chemical reactions at the interface. These interactions are discussed by analogy with the particle hydrates. The enhancement of the F−-ion conductivity in PbF2 is predicted to be via F−-ion vacancies in the space-charge region and to increase with decreasing oxide isoelectric point and increasing normal anion coordination of the oxide cation. This prediction accounts satisfactorily for the relative enhancement factors measured for PbF2 containing dispersed CeO2, SiO2, ZrO2 and Al2O3.
Liquid crystal chiroptical polarization rotators for the near-UV region: theory, materials, and device applications

The helical structure of a chiral-nematic liquid crystal (CLC) material produces a number of interesting optical properties, including selective reflection and optical rotatory power. To take advantage of the high optical rotation near the selective reflection peak for applications in the UV, either large concentrations of chiral components or those possessing very large helical twisting powers (HTP’s) are necessary. It is difficult to find chiral twisting agents with high HTP that do not degrade the UV transmission. We report what we believe to be the first experimental observation of extraordinarily high optical rotation (<30°/μm) in the near UV for a long-pitch (13.8-μm) CLC mixture composed of the low-birefringence nematic host ZLI-1646 doped with a low concentration (e.g., 1 wt%) of the chiral dopant CB 15. This experimental finding is verified theoretically using a mathematical model developed by Belyakov, which improves on de Vries’ original model for optical rotation far from the selective reflection peak by taking into account the nonlinearity of optical rotatory power as a function of liquid crystal (LC) layer thickness. Using this model, the optical rotation at λ = 355 nm for the 1% CB 15/ZLI-1646 mixture is determined computationally, with the results in agreement with experimental data obtained by evaluating a series of wedged cells using an areal mapping, Hinds Exicor 450XT Mueller Matrix Polarimeter. This finding now opens a path to novel LC optics for numerous near-UV applications. One such envisioned application for this class of materials would be UV distributed polarization rotators (UV-DPR’s) for largeaperture, high-peak-power lasers.
The Thermographically Observed Effects of Hyperoxia on Vascular Headache Patients and Non‐Headache Individuals

SYNOPSIS This study utilizes electronic thermography to investigate the response of 30 headache patients (migraine and mixed) and 20 non-headache individuals to inhaling 100% oxygen at 10 liters per minute for 5 minutes. Observations were made prior to, immediately following, and at 3, 6 and 10 minutes post-inhalation. Thermograms were inspected to determine the influence of hyperoxia on facial pattern temperatures across time. Chi-square analysis determined that there was a significant difference (P<.01) in response between the control group and headache patients immediately following inhalation. While the temperature of each control subject decreased, 14 (46.67%) patients displayed a 0.5 to 1.0°C paradoxical rise. There was no significant difference in response between the types of headache. Statistically significant difference in response continued during the post-inhalation phase; at 10 minutes, 6 (20.00%) patients continued to display temperatures above baseline, The response to hyperoxia did not differ if the patient was experiencing a headache, nor did oxygen significantly reduce pain. No difference in response was noted in those patients who were prescribed beta or calcium channel block-ere. Hyperoxia increased migraine “cold patch” size. Regardless of temperature fluctuations, facial patterns remained stable across conditions. A blind calling of pre- and post-inhalation thermograms was 93% accurate. The response of the medial canthi did not significantly differ between conditions. Hyperoxia generally increased size, temperature and symmetry. During the post-inhalation phase original patterns generally returned. This study supports previous headache/thermography findings and points to vascular dissimilarities between headache and non-headache individuals.
Pecan: A circuit-less P2P design for anonymity

We propose Pecan, a circuit-less, peer-to-peer low-latency anonymous system. In Pecan, users do not need to construct a circuit for communications. The anonymity is provided by Pecan's highly peer-to-peer, circuit-less structure and the feature that all re-encryption keys are generated locally by the intermediate nodes themselves. Pecan also has stronger resistance against several DoS attacks that the circuit-based systems do not. The high anonymity is obtained without harm- ing user experience: a user could send anonymous requests and get corresponding responses with less stringent requirements on the intermediate nodes involved on the route. Pecan's design is based on a revised onion routing and a new proxy re-encryption algorithm. These cryptographic algorithms maintain a small amount of processing overhead for system nodes. Our analysis and experiment showed the total processing delay is relatively small in comparison to the whole end-to-end latency. The throughput is satisfactory for normal users' online activities.
Fortified Sera and Their Use in Environmental Virology

Four commercially available fortified sera were compared to fetal bovine serum (FBS) with regard to their ability to maintain or increase the sensitivity of the Buffalo green monkey (BGM) kidney cell line to viral infection. Nine virus strains and five wastewater samples were used. Fortified sera were comparable to FBS for the enumeration of some viruses by the plaque method and for the detection of virus in wastewater by the most-probable-number assay.
Growth of Arboviruses and Other Viruses in a Continuous Line of Culex Tarsalis Cells

A Culex tarsalis mosquito cell line was evaluated for susceptibility to infection with 5 togaviruses, 6 bunyaviruses and 4 rhabdoviruses at 25°C. Ten viruses multiplied in this cell line: 6 mosquito-borne viruses [Western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE), St. Louis encephalitis, Turlock, California encephalitis, Jamestown Canyon, and Hart Park]; 3 Culicoidestransmitted viruses (Buttonwillow, Lokern and Main Drain); and 1 sand fly-transmitted virus (vesicular stomatitis-Indiana). A tick-borne virus (Powassan) and 2 nonarthropod-borne flaviviruses (Modoc and Rio Bravo) failed to replicate. Two of the rhabdoviruses, cocal and vesicular stomatitis-New Jersey, also failed to grow or grew poorly. An uncloned strain of WEE virus multiplied much better than did a cloned, large-plaque variant of WEE virus derived from this strain.
Volterra series based nonlinear simulation of HBTs using analytically extracted models

An accurate HBT large signal model has been developed using an analytical equivalent circuit element extraction technique. Nonlinear characteristics are analysed by means of a Volterra series and agree with experiment. Nonlinear current cancellation effects can be analysed. Their presence also enhances convergence and the applicability of Volterra series to large-signal modelling.
The Correlator: A Self-Guided Tutorial

We describe a free Macintosh(r) program suitable for use in introductory psychology as well as more advanced classes such as statistics or research methods. The program helps students to distinguish between positive and negative correlation coefficients and to understand the differences between correlation coefficients of different sizes.
Single-Stage Resonant Battery Charger With Inherent Power Factor Correction for Electric Vehicles

This paper presents the study of a single-stage onboard battery charger for electric vehicle (EV) and plug-in hybrid EV (PHEV) applications. The topology had never been seen in any literature or patents but is employed in the NLG5 charger made by Brusa Elektronik AG. We thoroughly analyzed the topology and thought it would be beneficial to publish it so that advanced work can be done based on the existing structure. The charger directly transfers power from the alternating current (ac) to the battery side; thus, the bulky electrolytic capacitor in a traditional two-stage charger is eliminated. Power factor correction (PFC) is inherently achieved; thus, the control becomes very simple. In addition, all the power switches work at a zero-current switching (ZCS) condition to reduce the switching loss. The charger charges the battery with a sinusoidal-like charging current instead of a constant direct current. However, this current waveform has minimal impact on the battery life and efficiency, as demonstrated by other studies. Hence, having the advantages of high efficiency, compact size, easy control, and no need of an electrolytic capacitor, the topology is suitable for the PHEV and the pure EV onboard charging applications.
How to contend with paraphyly in the taxonomy of the delphinine cetaceans

Molecular phylogenetic analyses conducted over the past 15 yr have consistently had difficulties resolving relationships among the cetacean species in the subfamily Delphininae. In addition, paraphyly of the genera Tursiops and Stenella in these molecular phylogenies has been a recurrent problem since the first appearance of such a phylogeny in 1999, suggesting that these genera do not accurately reflect the evolutionary relationships of the species they contain. Morphological analyses have not resolved the issues. The genera in Delphininae originated in the 19th Century on questionable morphological grounds. The species were nearly all originally described in the genus Delphinus of Linnaeus. Recent molecular phylogenies based on various mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers have suggested a wide range of possible relationships among these taxa, and several authors have suggested synonymizing all the taxa (Lagenodelphis, Stenella, Sousa, and Tursiops) under Delphinus. Until molecular and/or morphological analyses adequately sort out relationships in this very recently radiated group, one possible solution indeed would be to merge all the delphinine genera with Delphinus. Implications of such a move and alternatives are discussed. Editor's Note: Papers from past Norris Award winners have primarily been a revised or reduced version of the actual presentation given as a plenary talk at the biennial conference. Dr. Perrin requested being allowed to take a topic from his presentation and expand on it to present a set of ideas in the form of an essay that could pass the rigors of the peer-review process. As a result, this Norris Award paper has undergone peer-review and has taken longer than usual for a Norris Award paper to appear in the journal following its presentation at the biennial conference. It also has co-authors, with varying opinions on the issues discussed in the essay, to cover appropriately and more thoroughly those components of the paper that required additional expertise. I believe this approach has produced an excellent, thought-provoking essay and is an approach that should be available to future Norris Award winners if they so choose to take it. Since this essay is meant to elicit dialogue, comments are welcome and will be considered for publication in Letters to the Editor.
The charged colloidal cylinder with a gouy double layer

Abstract This paper deals with the properties of dilute dispersions of charged colloidal cylinders in univalent electrolyte solutions. In the Gouy double layer surrounding each cylinder, the Poisson-Boltzmann equation is assumed for the distribution of the small ions. Mathematical solutions of this equation are obtained by numerical integration. Results are reported for the charge-potential relation and for the electric free energy of the cylinder, for the potential distance relation in the double layer, and for the interaction of the cylinder with electrolyte. For each property, the numerical results are given in terms of a correction factor of an analytical expression derived with the help of the Debye-Huckel approximation (linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation). The correction factors are functions of the dimensionless surface potential of the cylinder, y0 = eψ0/kT, and of the ratio x0 of the cylinder radius and the thickness of the double layer (Debye length). Integrations have been carried out for y0 = 1, 2, …, 8 and for x0 = 2−7, 2−6, …, 24. The asymptotic analytical expressions of the correction factors for large x0 (flat double layer) are used in interpolations for intermediate x0 and y0; a simple graphical procedure is accurate to better than 1%. The self consistency of the results is tested with a thermodynamic relation between the cylinder charge, the electric free energy, and the interaction with electrolyte. Application of the present results to electrophoretic data of double stranded DNA shows that the ion binding of DNA is much less than has been reported in the literature.
Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of methylmalonic aciduria—recent advances and new challenges

Classical methylmalonic aciduria is a relatively rare inborn error of branched-chain amino acid metabolism, occurring in 1:50,000 to 1:80,000 newborns. Three decades after its recognition, major progress has been made in survival and prevention of neurological sequelae in affected children, if the diagnosis is made early and treatment and follow-up care are meticulous. Therapy consists of a specially formulated protein diet, carnitine supplementation, and vigorous emergency treatment during intercurrent illnesses aimed at preventing the development of catabolism. Recently the clinician has been challenged by partially unexpected long-term complications. These include chronic neurological symptoms, specifically an extrapyramidal movement disorder caused by progressive destruction of the basal ganglia, which are similar to those observed in other organic acid disorders, such as propionic aciduria or glutaric aciduria type I. Unexpected and unique is the development of chronic renal failure in a major subset of patients. As the pathophysiological basis of renal failure is still obscure, no causative treatment is available and hemodialysis may become necessary. Experience with transplantation of liver, kidney, or kidney and liver is very limited and allows as yet no conclusions. Interdisciplinary research efforts in this field should reveal new pathophysiological links and hopefully provide additional therapeutic approaches.
Poverty in the Twenty‐First Century: Explaining the Need for the New Journal and Describing Its Goals

Max J. Skidmore, Editor-in-Chief of Poverty & Public Policy, explains the need for this new journal and contextualizes its goals. He emphasizes the journal's commitment to making a difference, offering a place for views that may be unorthodox or foreign to mainstream policy studies. He introduces the authors of the inaugural issue, and renews the call for manuscripts of quality for subsequent issues which may include empirical research, case studies, theoretical works, observations by practitioners and public officials, and even soundly-based thought pieces.
Así hablaba (de poesía) Borges: las seis lecciones en Harvard University, 1967-1968

Este trabajo analiza las ideas que Borges expuso sobre poesia en las conferencias que impartio en la Universidad de Harvard entre octubre de 1967 y abril de 1968, despues publicadas bajo el titulo This craft of verse.
ABET 2000 challenges in curricular compression: fluids and circuits - a pilot 2+1+1 approach

In response to a call from the National Science Foundation (NSF) for curriculum reform and elimination of legacy materials in engineering curricula, the faculty at the Colorado School of Mines, Golden, has developed and offered a combined set of course modules in fluids and circuits. These modules consist of a two-credit interdisciplinary course in fundamentals, followed by two one-credit modules focusing on applications in fluids and in circuits, respectively. The course set reduces the overall number of credits from six (three in each of the standard fluids and circuits classes) to four through the 2+1+1 format. The fundamentals course, consisting of two credits, is based on conservation and accounting principles for the concepts of mass, momentum, energy, and charge. Two applications modules, each of one credit, develop these ideas in the respective disciplines. During the study, four challenges to implementation were uncovered: faculty and administrative buy-in, textbook selection, logistics, and stakeholders' acceptance.
When study site contributes to outcomes in a multi-center randomized trial: a secondary analysis of decisional conflict in men with localized prostate cancer

Evaluate baseline factors that may explain the influence of study site on decisional conflict (DC) in men from the Personal Patient Profile: Prostate (P3P) randomized trial. 476 cases from 5 P3P sites were included. Participants completed baseline demographic assessments, 4 subscales of the DC scale at baseline (uncertainty, informed, values clarity, and support), the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (short form) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Site data regarding typical practices were collected. Linear regressions were used to model the relation between baseline DC scores and study site adjusting for the list of variables. Baseline decisional uncertainly (p?=?0.001) and informed (p?=?0.03) subscales were significantly different across sites. Participant demographic and baseline measures were significantly different (p?<?0.05) between sites except for trait anxiety. We identified participant level factors that explained study site differences at baseline for the decisional uncertainty and values clarity subscales: a preferred treatment choice at study entry, whether the study program was accessed at home vs. in clinic, number of doctors consulted pre-study, working status, state anxiety, information from the media or a health care provider, and perceived knowledge level. State anxiety was associated with higher DC across all subscales. Individual characteristics of men seeking consultation for LPC were associated with DC at baseline, not the site alone; anxiety contributed to higher conflict. These findings will inform future development and implementation of the P3P and other decision support interventions. NCT00692653.
Aluminum fluoride stimulates inositol phosphate metabolism and inhibits expression of differentiation markers in mouse keratinocytes

Mouse keratinocytes are induced to differentiate in vitro by elevating the level of extracellular calcium from 0.05 mM, where keratinocytes express a basal cell phenotype, to greater than 0.10 mM, where they express the differentiated phenotype. This process has been associated with a rapid, sustained increase in inositol phosphate (InsP) turnover, which precedes the expression of differentiation-specific proteins. In 0.05 mM Ca2+ medium, aluminum and fluoride salts (AIF4-), which combine to activate nonspecifically heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins, cause a concentration-dependent increase in InsP metabolism in keratinocytes, and generate elevated intracellular diacylglycerol levels. This is associated with an inhibition of cell growth. Treatment with both AIF4- and Ca2+ greater than 0.10 mM resulted in an additive increase in InsP turnover, implying the presence of at least two responsive InsP pools. AIF4- inhibited the expression of differentiation markers induced by Ca2+ greater than 0.10 mM and altered the morphology of keratinocytes from squamous to dendritic, which was reversible upon withdrawal of AIF4-. Neoplastic keratinocytes, in which basal levels of InsP metabolism are higher than in normal cells, do not differentiate in response to Ca2+. Neoplastic keratinocytes responded to AIF-4 treatment with an even greater rise in InsP metabolism. AIF-4 also inhibited cell growth and reversibly altered morphology in neoplastic keratinocytes. These data suggest that InsP metabolism in keratinocytes is at least partially regulated by a G protein mechanism. Furthermore, an increase in InsP metabolism is not sufficient to stimulate differentiation and may be inhibitory to differentiation if exceeding limited increases. However, these observations cannot exclude the possibility that other AIF-4 stimulated pathways involving G or non-G proteins can also influence keratinocyte biology.
The ISoS Modeling Framework for Infrastructure Systems Simulation

Strategic infrastructure design considers long-term and cross-sector objectives to meet societal needs. Designers rely on tools to mitigate limits on human perception and manage complex systems with high-performance requirements. This paper defines the infrastructure system-of-systems modeling framework for heterogeneous simulation models. It formally defines structural and behavioral templates and an interoperability interface using algebraic statements. Infrastructure elements are graph edges, which express functions via operational states. An interoperability interface defines requirements for resource exchanges across system model boundaries. An example application case demonstrates a model instance with 18 infrastructure elements in water, petroleum, electricity, and social system models. Results show flow validity constraint violations arise from acyclic and cyclic dependencies between models. Increasing the number of iterations per time step or shortening the time step reduces error at the cost of execution time.
REACTIONS OF MOLYBDATES WITH POLYPHOSPHATES. 2. MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES ON MOLYBDENUM(V) POLYPHOSPHATE AND ATP COMPLEXES

Abstract Solutions containing (NH4)2 MoOCl5 and pyrophosphate (PPi), tripolyphosphate (PPPi), or adenosine 5′ -triphosphate (ATP) have been examined by EPR and 31 P NMR. The intensities of the EPR signals accounted for 0.5–7% of the total molybdenum in each system. The five-line EPR spectrum for the Mo-PPi system was essentially the same as that observed before for the solution containing Mo2O4 2+ and PPi. Only a one-line EPR spectrum was observed for the Mo-ATP system. Several different EPR spectra were observed for Mo-PPPi systems depending upon the Mo:PPPi ratio and the pH of the solution. These EPR spectra have been resolved by computer simulations and several EPR-active species have been identified. For solutions with Mo:PPPi 1, the NMR spectra indicated formation of some other complexes in...
Optimization of performance gain in content distribution networks with server replicas

Server replica placement of content distribution networks (CDNs) addresses the problem of properly placing a set of replicas among a set of candidate sites to optimize system performance gain. Previous studies on server replica placement problem have focused on comparing the performances of different replica placement strategies. However, the growth of the optimal performance gain with the increase of server replicas has rarely been studied. Moreover no research has been done to study the effects of client's content demand and distribution patterns on the growth of performance gain. In this paper, these problems have been addressed in detail. The server replica placement problem is modeled as the well-known Minimum p-median problem and solved by a heuristic algorithm. A trace-driven simulation is performed and the relationship between the performance gain growth and the replica size is established A parametric study is performed to study the effect of content demand pattern /spl alpha/ on the performance gain growth. A simple scheme of narrowing down the candidate sites is proposed to speed up the computation.
Point Pattern Analysis for Clusters Influenced by Linear Features: An Application for Mosquito Larval Sites

Author(s): Li, L; Bian, L; Rogerson, P; Yan, G | Abstract: Although many statistical approaches have been developed to quantify and assess spatial point patterns, the challenge to analyze complicated patterns has yet to be met. Statistics that describe the level of clustering usually assume that point events are isotropic. Many point events are influenced by linear features and clusters of these point events often have an elongated shape. Existing statistical cluster detection approaches often ignore these types of processes. This study proposes a new method, termed an L-function analysis for clusters influenced by linear features (L-Function-l) to test anisotropic point patterns with respect to the orientation of nearby linear features. To explicitly account for the influence of the underlying linear features on the point events, a number of ellipses with varying lengths, orientations and eccentricities are used to replace the circles that are drawn in the original L-function analysis. A case study of testing anisotropically clustered patterns of mosquito larval sites is used to illustrate the application of this method. The results indicate that the proposed approach provides a more flexible and comprehensive description of point patterns than the original L-function analysis.
Structure and stability of pertussis toxin studied by in situ atomic force microscopy

Pertussis toxin, both complete and the B-oligomer, were imaged by atomic force miroscopy (AFM), using specimens prepared by simple surface adsorption on mica without further manipulation. The spatial arrangement of the subunits of the B-oligomer was clearly resolved, representing the first protein quaternary structure obtained by AFM in situ. The results suggest that the B-oligomer is a flat pentamer with the two large subunits located next to each other, and the catalytic A-subunit situated at the center above. We found that the B-pentamer was structurally stable for temperatures up to 60°C and within the pH range of 4.5–9.5. It is also demonstrated that the AFM was capable of resolving features down to 0.5 nm on the B-oligomers, indicating its great potential for structural determination.
Alcohol Intoxication and Violent Crime: Implications for Public Health Policy

Despite extensive public health campaigns, the consequences of alcohol intoxication continue to be a serious public health concern. Alcohol intoxication, for example, is a prevalent feature of crime, especially violent crime. Previous studies of alcohol intoxication and violent crime have used samples of police reports, correctional populations (arrestees, jail detainees, or convicted offenders), or community surveys. Studies using police reports and correctional populations are biased because few police citizen encounters result in police reports or arrest. Community surveys avoid these biases but rely on the subject's assessment of both the victims and the suspects intoxication. The authors took a different approach and directly observed 2,365 police citizen encounters. Observers used the Alcohol Symptom Checklist to determine the level of alcohol intoxication or impairment. The authors compared the prevalence of suspects and victims alcohol intoxication (equivalent to a blood alcohol level [BAL] of .05 or above) by type of encounter and computed odds ratios to assess the association between intoxication and type of encounter. The authors also controlled for demographic characteristics (race, gender, age, and socio-economic status) to assess the relationships among perpetration, victimization, and intoxication. Overall, suspects are far more likely than victims to be intoxicated; not surprisingly, suspects in public order/vandalism encounters are the most likely to be intoxicated. Alcohol intoxication appears to contribute substantially to violent victimization. The role of alcohol intoxication is largest among groups that, if not intoxicated, are generally less vulnerable to violence: whites, males, and persons of higher socio-economic status. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for services and public health policy. (Abstract Adapted from Source: American Journal on Addictions, 2001. Copyright © 2001 by Brunner-Routledge) Alcohol Use Effects Alcohol Related Violence Alcohol Related Victimization Alcohol Related Crime Adult Crime Adult Offender Adult Substance Use Adult Violence Adult Victim Substance Use Effects Public Health Approach 06-01
Ectopic expression of eIF-4E in human colon cancer cells promotes the stimulation of adhesion molecules by transforming growth factorbeta.

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ) inhibits cellular proliferation, promotes differentiation, and stimulates the expression and secretion of the extracellular matrix adhesion molecules fibronectin and laminin and the colon-associated intercellular adhesion molecule carcinoembryonic antigen. This is collectively called the TGFβ-mediated adhesion response and occurs in the human colon cancer cell line Moser while the cell line KM12SM is relatively unresponsive to TGFβ. We have previously shown that TGFβ rapidly stimulates protein kinase C (PKC) phosphotransferase activity in the Moser cells and that the induction of the adhesion response (but not antiproliferation) by TGFβ is dependent on PKC. Because resistance to growth factors may be due to translational suppression and the translation initiation factor eIF-4E may alleviate translational suppression, we determined the effect of eIF-4E expression on the responses of Moser and KM12SM cells to TGFβ. Ectopic expression of eIF-4E in the TGFβ-responsive Mose...
Neuronal Organization of the Lateral and Basolateral Amygdaloid Nuclei in the Rat

The neuronal organization of the lateral (L) and basolateral (BL) amygdaloid nuclei was studied in the rat by using Golgi techniques. All nuclear subdivisions, which were identified in Nissl and acetylcholinesterase preparations, contain spiny class I neurons and spine-sparse class II neurons. Three of four neurogliaform class III neurons observed were located in the anterior division of BL (BLa). The exact arrangement of class I and class II neurons varies in different portions of L and BL. At the periphery of these nuclei, where L and BL border fiber bundles, major dendrites tend to be oriented parallel to nuclear borders. Many smaller dendritic branches, however, may extend into the adjacent fiber bundles. At most borders between nuclear subdivisions dendritic overlap is minimized by the fact that major dendrites tend to run parallel to subdivisional boundaries. One exception is the junction of BLa with the posterior division of BL (BLp), where unrestricted dendritic overlap of both class I and class II neurons occurs. Within most nuclear subdivisions dendrites of class I and class II neurons ramify freely and exhibit little order. In caudal portions of BLp, however, almost all class I neurons are pyramidal cells with vertically oriented apical dendrites. Dendrites of class II neurons in this region tend to be oriented horizontally, perpendicular to apical dendrites of class I cells. Class II neurons were not evenly distributed in Golgi preparations but were concentrated at the BLa-BLp border, near the boundary between the dorsolateral and ventromedial subdivisions of L and in the dorsal portion of BLp. The latter cells blend with similar spine-sparse neurons contained within the external capsule. Analysis of Nissl preparations reveals that small neurons, which correspond to small class II and class III cells, are sometimes observed in a clustered arrangement.
Landowner willingness to supply marginal land for bioenergy production

This study elicits willingness to supply marginal land for biomass cultivation in Southern Lower Michigan. Most of the surveyed landowners are not interested in renting land for bioenergy crop production. Those who are interested offer relatively little land for bioenergy crops, even at rental rates three times current levels. Willing landowners would prefer to grow a significant portion of these crops on cropland rather than non-crop, marginal land. Hence, the area of marginal land that owners are willing to supply for bioenergy crop production falls far short of area estimates based on remote sensing that ignore landowner preferences.
Sustainable supply chain network design: a multicriteria perspective

In this paper, we develop a rigorous modelling and analytical framework for the design of sustainable supply chain networks. We consider a firm that is engaged in determining the capacities of its various supply chain activities, i.e. the manufacturing, storage and distribution of the product to the demand locations. The firm is faced with both capital costs associated with constructing the link capacities and the links' operational costs. Moreover, the firm is aware of the emissions generated associated with the alternative manufacturing plants, storage facilities and modes of transportation/shipment, which may have different levels of emissions due, for example, to distinct technologies of, respectively, production, storage and transportation. The firm is assumed to be a multicriteria decision-maker who seeks to not only minimise the total costs associated with design/construction and operation, but also to minimise the emissions generated, with an appropriate weight, which reflects the price of the emi...
A Taxonomy of Turnover

The article discusses the four types of labor turnover--voluntary accessions and separations, which have been researched, and involuntary accessions and separations, which are potential research topics. Voluntary separations include quitting a job and non-mandatory retirement. Involuntary separations include dismissal, statutory retirement, and death. The ambiguous design of a taxonomy can result in research errors because turnover is used as a dependent variable without recognizing the distinction between voluntary and involuntary separations. There are references to research by Edwin A. Locke, William H. Mobley, Allen C. Bluedorn, Edward Sapir, and Benjamin Whorf.
Zinc Bioavailability in Tetrabasic Zinc Chloride and the Dietary Zinc Requirement of Young Chicks Fed a Soy Concentrate Diet

Three chick assays were conducted to determine a bioavailable Zn requirement and to establish a Zn relative bioavailability (RBV) value for tetrabasic Zn chloride [TBZC, i.e., Zn5Cl2(OH)8]. In Assay 1, 8-d-old chicks were fed a Zn-deficient soy concentrate diet (8.8 mg/kg bioavailable Zn) supplemented with 0, 5.81, 10.81, 15.10, and 20.25 mg Zn/kg from ZnSO4.7H2O for 14 d to establish a linear response range and estimate a bioavailable Zn requirement. Weight gain of chicks increased linearly (P 0.10) from 100%. A third assay was conducted as described for Assay 2, and the RBV of Zn in TBZC was 111%, which was not different from 100%. In summary, the RBV of Zn in TBZC was not different from that of ZnSO4.7H2O, and the minimal bioavailable Zn requirement for chicks 1 to 3 wk of age fed a soy concentrate diet was estimated at 22.4 mg/kg.
ORLICZ - PETTIS THEOREMS FOR MULTIPLIER CONVERGENT OPERATOR VALUED SERIES

Let X, Y be locally convex spaces and L(X, Y ) the space of continuous linear operators from X into Y . We consider 2 types of multiplier convergent theorems for a series ∑ Tₕ in L(X, Y ). First, if λ is a scalar sequence space, we say that the series ∑ Tₕ is λ multiplier P convergent for a locally convex topology τ on L(X, Y ) if the series ∑ tₕTₕ is τ convergent for every t = {tₕ} ∈ λ. We establish conditions on λ which guarantee that a λ multiplier convergent series in the weak or strong operator topology is λ multiplier convergent in the topology of uniform convergence on the bounded subsets of X. Second, we consider vector valued multipliers. If E is a sequence space of X valued sequences, the series ∑ Tₕ is E multiplier convergent in a locally convex topology η on Y if the series ∑ Tₕxₕ is η convergent for every x = {xₕ} ∈ E. We consider a gliding hump property on E which guarantees that a series ∑ Tₕ which is E multiplier convergent for the weak topology of Y is E multiplier convergent for the strong topology of Y .
A phase II clinical and biological study of lithium carbonate (Li) in patients with low-grade neuroendocrine tumors

e15662 Background: Low-grade neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), such as carcinoid, islet cell tumors, and medullary thyroid carcinomas, respond poorly to chemotherapy, and effective, less toxic therapies are needed. Glycogen Synthase Kinase (GSK)-3β, a multifunctional protein kinase, has been shown to regulate growth and hormone production in NETs. Use of lithium carbonate (Li) in murine models suppressed carcinoid cell growth, reduced GSK-3β levels and reduced expression of chromogranin A. This study assessed the efficacy of Li in patients with NETs. Methods: Eligible pts had pathologically-proven, measurable low-grade NETs. Prior treatment was allowed if completed >4wks prior to registration. Standard eligibility criteria were used, and use of medications affecting Li metabolism or levels were prohibited. A single-arm, open-label, two-stage Phase II design was used. Li was dosed at 300mg orally TID with meals, titrated to a target serum level of 0.8–1.0mmol/L. The primary endpoint was objective tumor respons...