cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract A31: The role of microRNA 125a‐3P in the pathogenesis of lung cancer

Tobacco exposure results in specific oncogene and tumor suppressor gene alterations in lung epithelial cells that often lead to lung cancer development. Activating point mutation of the K‐ras proto‐oncogene is one of the most frequently occurring genetic changes found in lung cancer both in active and former smokers. Understanding how K‐ras mutations mediate the malignant phenotype may yield more effective prevention and diagnosis strategies to be applied to individuals at elevated risk for lung cancer. Micro RNAs are a class of short (19–24 nucleotides) noncoding RNAs that play a critical role in posttranscriptional gene regulation. A rapidly developing literature supports an important role for micro RNAs in the regulation of lung carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In order to better understand the role of micro RNAs in the K‐ras‐mutated bronchial epithelium, we utilized hTERT‐ and Cdk4‐immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) expressing mutant KrasV12. We next generated the micro RNA profile (TaqMan miRNA array v.2, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA), gene expression profile (Affymetrix U133 plus 2 array), and protein expression profile (50‐plex inflammatory marker panel) of the K‐ras mutated and vector control HBECs. We found that the micro RNA miR‐125a‐3p was significantly suppressed in K‐ras‐mutated HBECs compared to the vector control cells. We then evaluated basal expression of miR‐125a‐3p in both HBECs and NSCLC cell lines containing mutated K‐ras by real time RT‐PCR. Both K‐ras‐mutated HBECs and NSCLC cell lines expressed low levels of miR125a‐3P. In order to further evaluate the role of miR‐125a‐3p, we stably expressed this micro RNA in K‐ras‐mutated HBECs. Our results indicate that miR‐125a‐3p expression down‐regulates several tumor‐promoting factors, including Gro‐α, HGF, VEGF, GM‐CSF, and G‐CSF. Further studies revealed that suppression of Gro‐α and HGF, but not VEGF, is regulated at the level of mRNA expression. Overexpression of miR‐125a‐3p suppressed proliferation of the K‐ras‐mutated HBECs but did not alter the proliferation of the vector control HBECs. Based on these findings, we anticipate that loss of miR‐125a‐3p may have a broad impact in the bronchial epithelium that harbors K‐ras mutations, potentially regulating cellular proliferation, angiogenesis and inflammation. Further exploration is required to evaluate the role of this micro RNA and its downstream effects as potential screening tools and targets of prevention and therapy in the setting of K‐ras‐mutated lung cancers. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A31.
Hull, Russian Subversion in Cuba, and Recognition of the U.S.S.R.

D ID the Department of State under Cordell Hull help or hinder President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the negotiations leading to recognition of the Soviet Union in 1933? Henry Morgenthau, Jr., from the first, one of Roosevelt's principal advisers on recognition and later a colleague of Hull in the cabinet, believed that the "Department of State was unfriendly to the idea of opening negotiations with the Russians" and therefore Roosevelt had turned to Morgenthau. Yet, there is no hint of opposition to Roosevelt's negotiations with the Russians in Hull's Memoirs and none in the public utterances of Hull or of any other department official in 1933.1 Scholarly authorities also disagree on the question. Many either support Hull's view of the matter or at least fail to sustain Morgenthau's position. For example, while attempting to account for the Morgenthau statement, Robert P. Browder in his pioneer work on the origins of American-Soviet relations concluded that Morgenthau was incorrect and that the "policymaking members of the Department. . . were not opposed to recognition." Donald G. Bishop assumed the middle ground: Morgenthau was right about the state department, but Hull's own word should be accepted as correctly depicting the Secretary's position. Julius W. Pratt granted that Hull was suspicious of international communism but contented himself with saying that "Hull's attitude toward recognition is difficult to determine."2 Bernadotte E. Schmitt, however, widely acquainted with department officials and intimately familiar with the materials in the archives of the department
Abstract 896: miR-198 silencing is a mechanism of gemcitabine resistance in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is a very aggressive disease with extremely high mortality rate. Chemotherapy with gemcitabine (G) is a standard of care for advanced disease, but chemotherapy resistance is commonly noted. Human PAC is characterized by overexpression of the proto-oncogene c-met. Increased activation of c-met has been reported in G-resistant PAC cells. Also, aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been linked to cancer progression. Furthermore, a recent study showed that miR-198 regulates c-met expression by binding to the 3′-untranslated region of c-met mRNA. However, the role of miR-198 in chemotherapy resistance in PAC has not previously been studied. Consequently, in this study we used the G-sensitive and G-resistant subclones of the L3.6pl human PAC cell line to examine the role of miR-198 in G-resistant PAC. We observed that the G-resistant subclone had increased expression of c-met (using qPCR and western blotting) and phosphorylated c-met (using western blotting), but not hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Furthermore, using qPCR we observed significant silencing of miR-198 expression in the G-resistant subclone in comparison to the G-sensitive subclone (P < 0.01). To determine the functional significance of miR-198 silencing in G resistance, we silenced miR-198 expression in the G-sensitive subclone by transfection of a specific oligonucleotide inhibitor of miR-198. We observed that miR-198 silencing resulted in increased expression of c-met and phosphorylated c-met. Further, miR-198 silencing on its own increased total RNA concentration significantly by 146% (P < 0.05) and cell viability by 14.3% (P < 0.05; using MTT assay), both suggestive of a proliferative effect. However, significant effects on apoptosis were undetectable (using Hoechst nuclear staining). Furthermore, miR-198 silencing significantly abrogated G-induced apoptosis (P < 0.05) and G-induced reduction of cell viability (P < 0.05). We conclude that G-resistant human PAC cells have silencing of miR-198. Moreover, miR-198 silencing in PAC cells induces increased expression and phosphorylation of c-met, increased cell proliferation and abrogation of G-induced apoptosis and induction of proliferation. Therefore, miR-198 silencing is a mechanism of G-resistance in PAC. Furthermore, therapeutic strategies to enhance miR-198 expression may be beneficial in PAC. Citation Format: Olorunseun O. Ogunwobi, Jian Li, Xiangxuan Zhao, Jose Trevino, Thomas George, Chen Liu. miR-198 silencing is a mechanism of gemcitabine resistance in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 896. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-896
Metal−Organic Frameworks: Rise of the Ligands †

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are modular porous materials synthesized from metal cluster nodes and organic linkers that connect these nodes. This rapidly expanding class of structures presents viable platforms for applications in gas sorption and separation, catalysis, sensing, fuel processing, and environmental remediation and as porous conductive materials. These applications are increasingly relying on sophisticated ligands that have functional characteristics either as independent entities (that is, outside of MOFs) or that gain new functions once reticulated into the porous material. Thus, the traditionally inorganic area of MOF research begins to profit more and more from a comprehensive approach which combines insights from organic, inorganic, and materials chemistry. This Perspective highlights some of the second-generation MOFs prepared and studied using this holistic approach.
Event based reduction of power fluctuation using cyber-physical control-communication network in smart grids

Integration of Information and Communication (ICT) technologies with power flow management and control to support varying load demand is the hallmark of advanced power networks such as smart grids. Issues arising due to the complexity of these systems can be potentially solved by designing control-communication algorithms based on the information available at any instant of time. This paper presents a unique approach for optimized control of a smart grid considering its hybrid and complex nature. The developed technique uses a cyber-physical network controlling the system having different operating states under different operating conditions. This communication based hybrid control algorithm reduces the output power fluctuations in the events of changing dynamics. The information related to power quality is updated to the operator through a feedback mechanism in order to meet desirable efficiency, reliability and safety standards.
Hexaazatrinaphthylene Derivatives: Efficient Electron-Transporting Materials with Tunable Energy Levels for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Hexaazatrinaphthylene (HATNA) derivatives have been successfully shown to function as efficient electron-transporting materials (ETMs) for perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). The cells demonstrate a superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.6 % with negligible hysteresis. This study provides one of the first nonfullerene small-molecule-based ETMs for high-performance p-i-n PVSCs.
Infra: SLO Aware Elastic Auto-scaling in the Cloud for Cost Reduction

Enterprises often host applications and services on clusters of virtual machine instances provided by cloud service providers, like Amazon, Rackspace, Microsoft, etc. Users pay a cloud usage cost on the basis of the hourly usage [1] of virtual machine instances composing the cluster. A cluster composition refers to the number of virtual machine instances of each type (from a predefined list of types) comprising a cluster. We present Infra, a cloud provisioning framework that can predict an (a#x03B5; a#x03B4;)-minimum cluster composition required to run a given application workload on a cloud under an SLO (i.e., Service Level Objective) deadline. This paper does not present a new approximation algorithm, instead we provide a tool that applies existing machine learning techniques to predict an (a#x03B5; a#x03B4;)-minimum cluster composition. An (a#x03B5; a#x03B4;)-minimum cluster composition specifies a cluster composition whose cost approximates that of the minimum cluster composition (i.e., the cluster composition that incurs the minimum cloud usage cost that must be incurred in executing a given application under an SLO deadline), the approximation bounds the error to a predefined threshold a#x03B5; with a degree of confidence 100 * (1 - a#x03B4;)%. The degree of confidence 100 * (1 - a#x03B4;)% specifies that the probability of failure in achieving the error threshold a#x03B5; for the above approximation is at most a#x03B4;. For a#x03B5; = 0.1 and a#x03B4; = 0.02, we experimentally demonstrate that an (a#x03B5;a#x03B4;)-minimum cluster composition predicted by Infra successfully approximates the minimum cluster composition, i.e., the accuracy of prediction of minimum cluster composition ranges from 93.1% to 97.99% (the error is bound by the error threshold of 0.1) with a 98% degree of confidence, since 100* (1 - a#x03B4;) = 98%. Auto scaling refers to the process of automatically adding cloud instances to a cluster to adapt to an increase in application workload (increased request rate), and deleting instances from a cluster when there is a decrease in workload (reduced request rate). However, state-of-the-art auto scaling techniques have the following disadvantages: A) they require explicit policy definition for changing the cluster configuration and therefore lack the ability to automatically adapt a cluster with respect to changing workload, B) they do not compute the appropriate size of resources required, and therefore do not result in an "optimal" cluster composition. Infra provides an auto scaler that automatically adapts a cloud infrastructure to changing application workload, scaling the cluster up/down based on predictions from the Infra provisioning tool.
Clinical chorioamnionitis at term VII: the amniotic fluid cellular immune response.

OBJECTIVES 1) To characterize the cellular composition of the amniotic fluid of patients diagnosed with clinical chorioamnionitis at term, as a function of the presence or absence of microorganisms determined by cultivation techniques, and 2) to characterize the cytokine production by white blood cells present in the amniotic fluid using flow cytometry-based techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Amniotic fluid samples from 20 women who had the diagnosis of clinical chorioamnionitis at term were analyzed using cultivation techniques (for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria as well as genital Mycoplasmas). Amniotic fluid IL-6 concentrations were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Amniotic fluid leukocytes were visualized by using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunofluorescence. Immunophenotyping of surface markers and cytokines was performed in amniotic fluid leukocytes using flow cytometry. RESULTS 1) Neutrophils (CD45+CD15+ cells) were the most common leukocyte subset found in the amniotic fluid, followed by monocytes (CD45+CD14+ cells); other white blood cells (such as lymphocytes and natural killer cells) were scarce in the amniotic fluid; 2) the absolute counts of neutrophils and monocytes were significantly higher in patients with microorganisms found in the amniotic fluid than in those without detectable microorganisms, using cultivation techniques; 3) there was a significant correlation between the absolute counts of neutrophils and monocytes determined by flow cytometry (Spearman's correlation=0.97; P<0.001); 4) there was a significant correlation between the absolute white blood cell count determined with a hemocytometer chamber and by flow cytometric analysis (Spearman's correlation=0.88; P<0.001); and 5) the profile of cytokine expression differed between monocytes and neutrophils; while neutrophils predominantly produced TNF-α and MIP-1β, monocytes expressed higher levels of IL-1β and IL-1α. CONCLUSION Flow cytometry analysis of the amniotic fluid of patients with intra-amniotic infection and clinical chorioamnionitis at term demonstrated that neutrophils and monocytes are the most common cells participating in the inflammatory process. We have characterized, for the first time, the differential cytokine expression by these cells in this important complication of pregnancy.
Amplified chemomechanical comb gas sensor

We present a new type of amplified chemomechanical comb-type capacitive gas sensors (ACMs) consisting of a set of flexible sense fingers with asymmetric absorbing polymer patches and side electrodes. This device combines the high sensitivity features of stress-deformed gas sensors and parametric amplification. Preliminary experiments with water and ethanol vapors indicate that the sensitivity of these devices can be increased 3–4 fold via parametric gain induced by biasing one of the side electrodes. This gain can be further increased by symmetrically biasing the side fingers.
Destroying God’s Temple? Physical Inactivity, Poor Diet, Obesity, and Other “Sin” Behaviors

On average, our participants (N = 112), who self-proclaimed to be Christians, believed that physically inactive lifestyles, unhealthy eating, overeating, and being obese destroy the body, God’s temple. However, these beliefs were less definitive, than those of other common “sin” behaviors, such as drug use, smoking, and excessive drinking of alcohol. In addition, destroying the body with physical inactivity or poor diet was not necessarily viewed as sinful. Subsequently, these beliefs did not relate to self-reported physical activity, dietary behavior, or body mass index. It is possible that inactivity, poor dietary habits, and obesity are not internalized into the spiritual perspective as destroying the body, God’s temple, in the same way as other “sin” behaviors.
Comprehensive Whole-Genome Sequencing and Reporting of Drug Resistance Profiles on Clinical Cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in New York State.

ABSTRACT Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is a newer alternative for tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics and is capable of providing rapid drug resistance profiles while performing species identification and capturing the data necessary for genotyping. Our laboratory developed and validated a comprehensive and sensitive WGS assay to characterize Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains, composed of a novel DNA extraction, optimized library preparation, paired-end WGS, and an in-house-developed bioinformatics pipeline. This new assay was assessed using 608 MTBC isolates, with 146 isolates during the validation portion of this study and 462 samples received prospectively. In February 2016, this assay was implemented to test all clinical cases of MTBC in New York State, including isolates and early positive Bactec mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) 960 cultures from primary specimens. Since the inception of the assay, we have assessed the accuracy of identification of MTBC strains to the species level, concordance with culture-based drug susceptibility testing (DST), and turnaround time. Species identification by WGS was determined to be 99% accurate. Concordance between drug resistance profiles generated by WGS and culture-based DST methods was 96% for eight drugs, with an average resistance-predictive value of 93% and susceptible-predictive value of 96%. This single comprehensive WGS assay has replaced seven molecular assays and has resulted in resistance profiles being reported to physicians an average of 9 days sooner than with culture-based DST for first-line drugs and 32 days sooner for second-line drugs.
Swelling of Random Copolymer Networks in Pure and Mixed Solvents: Multi-Component Flory-Rehner Theory.

A generalized extension of Flory–Rehner (FR) theory is derived to describe equilibrium swelling of polymer networks, including copolymers with two or more chemically distinct repeat units, in either pure or mixed solvents. The model is derived by equating the chemical potential of each solvent in the liquid and gel phases at equilibrium, while assuming the deformation of the network chains is affine. Simplifications of the model are derived for specific cases involving homopolymer networks, copolymer networks, pure solvents, and binary solvent mixtures. With reasonable assumptions, the number of polymer–solvent interaction parameters that must be determined by experiments can be reduced to two effective parameters (θ1 and θ2), which describe the net interactions between water/copolymer (θ1) and ethanol/copolymer (θ2), respectively. Experimental measurements of the swelling of random copolymer networks of n-butyl acrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate in water, ethanol, and a 100 g/L ethanol/water mixture ar...
The impact of stepfamily relationship quality on emerging adult non-medical use of prescription drugs

Background: Emerging adults aged 18 to 25 are most at-risk for non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD). While the literature dedicated to emerging-adult NMUPD has explored risk and protective factors at an individual level, much less is known regarding how interpersonal and familial factors relate to NMUPD. Because interpersonal bonds can have a significant impact on behavior, familial factors may be important predictors of NMUPD among emerging adults. Objectives: Inasmuch as growing up in a stepfamily is increasingly common for children, this study aimed to determine whether perceived stepfamily quality within three stepfamily subsystems – child-biological parent, child-stepparent, and child-stepsibling – decreased the likelihood of NMUPD in emerging adulthood. Methods: Data came from the Stepfamily Experiences Project (STEP), a retrospective survey examining emerging adults’ perceptions of their stepfamily life in 2013. A national quota sampling strategy was used, and the final sample cons...
Temperature and Humidity Associated With Artificial Ventilation in the Premature Infant: An Integrative Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND Approximately half of the 55,000 very low birth-weight infants (<1500 g) born in the United States each year develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Many etiologies have been associated with the development of BPD, including aberrant temperature/humidity levels of artificial ventilation. PURPOSE The purpose of this literature review is to explore what is known regarding inspired air temperature/humidity levels from artificial ventilation in very premature infants, focusing on what levels these infants actually receive, and what factors impact these levels. METHODS/SEARCH STRATEGY PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. Of the 830 articles retrieved, 23 were synthesized for study purpose, sample/study design, and temperature/humidity findings. FINDINGS/RESULTS Heating and humidification practices studied in neonatal ventilation did not maintain recommended levels. In addition, human neonatal studies and noninvasive neonatal ventilation research were limited. Furthermore, ventilation settings, environmental temperatures, and mouth position (in noninvasive ventilation) were found to impact temperature/humidity levels. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Environmental temperatures and ventilatory settings merit consideration during artificial ventilation. In addition, aberrant temperature/humidity levels may impact infant body temperature stability; thus, employing measures to ensure adequate thermoregulation while receiving artificial ventilation must be a priority. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH This review underscores the need for further research into current warming and humidification techniques for invasive and noninvasive neonatal ventilation. A focus on human studies and the impact of aberrant levels on infant body temperature are needed. Future research may provide management options for achieving and maintaining target temperature/humidity parameters, thus preventing the aberrant levels associated with BPD.
Connections between parents and their adult children.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the concept of attachment originated from examinations of relationships between parents and infants. The chapter focuses on the emotional aspects of parent–child relationships over the life span. John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth, the pioneers in attachment theory and research, have argued for persistence of attachments, citing phenomena like emotional closeness in adult parent-child pairs and grief accompanying death. The chapter discusses that these persisting bonds retain their early character, at least so far as remaining secure, anxious, or ambivalent. There has even been preliminary work on transmission of attachment patterns across generations. Parent–child attachment in adulthood goes against one of the most deeply held values of Western culture, that of independence. This view assumes that adults who are too strongly tied to their parents or to anyone other than a spouse or small children are “dependent” and thus inadequate human beings. Others, though, have argued that mutuality and interdependence should be developmental goals rather than independence.
Clinical Manifestations as a Determinant of Dementia

The terminal phase of the slow inexorable process that disintegrates the human mind results in the most profound form of depravity known to mankind. Physical disability with a variable painful overlay certainly creates widespread sentiment of sympathy. Mental retardation evokes universal grief for a life that could have been. However, the transformation of a viable functioning intellectual animal into a vegetative being without awareness, and without responsiveness represents the ultimate degradation not only for the human but for any other animal species. There is nothing very subtle about its impact; yet it has inspired some of the most poignant poetry and prose every recorded. For example, Shakespeare speaks for King Lear abouthis mental confusion: Does any here know me? This is not Lear: Does Lear walk thus? speak thus? Where are his eyes? Either his notion weakens, or his discernings Are lethargied. Ha! waking? Tis not so. Who is it than can tell me who I am? and finally about the welcome of death: Vex not his ghost: 0! let him pass; he hates him That would upon the rack of this tough world Stretch him out longer. (Shakespeare.) Early clinicians also speak passionately of dementia.
137-P: HLA GENOTYPES IN PATIENTS REFERRED FOR CELIAC DISEASE TESTING: A REFERENCE LABORATORY EXPERIENCE

Aim Celiac disease is mediated by T lymphocytes in patients with genetic susceptibility. This genetic association is with certain HLA DQA1 and DQB1 genes. Most (90%-95%) patients with celiac disease have the DQ2 allele (encoded by DQA1∗05 and DQB1∗02), while the remainder have DQ8 (encoded by DQA1∗03:XX and DQB1∗03:02). Clinical significance of patients with only one copy of DQ2 allele encoded by DQB1∗02 and DQA1∗02 is not clear. Our laboratory performs nearly 12000 tests for celiac disease association annually. We present our interpretation schema and summary of the HLA DQ genotypes observed. Methods Patient samples are typed for DQB1 and DQA1 genes by SSO and/or SSP method. Permissive gene pairs are ( Table 1 ). Patient that is heterozygous for DQ2 encoded by DQA1∗02:XX-DQB1∗02:02 (DQ2.2) without presence of DQA1∗05:XX in trans position is considered equivocal. [ Table 1 ] Results A total of 12652 samples were tested of which 5900 (47%) were permissive, 1328 (10%) equivocal and 5424 (43%) non permissive. Breakdown of the permissive gene pairs are (Table 2). 94% of the equivocal samples were heterozygous for DQ2.2, while most others had DQB1∗02:01 in combination with a non DQA1∗05 haplotype. [ Table 2 ] Conclusions Majority of the permissive gene pairs where heterozygous for DQ2.5 or DQ8. Heterozygous DQ2.2 will be typed as DQ2 by serological methods but is considered equivocal for celiac disease assocaition. Thus, molecular methods that include typing for DQA1 and DQB1 are required for correct interpretation of permissive gene pairs for celiac disease.
Identification and Biology of Cellular Receptors for the Coxsackie B Viruses Group

The picornaviruses represent a diverse and well studied family of RNA-containing animal viruses. In addition to having a simple structural organization and a limited size plus-strand RNA genome, members of the family constitute a significant group of human and animal pathogens. The coxsackie B viruses (CVB), which belong to the enterovirus genus of Picornaviridae, have long been recognized as the causative agents for a number of human ailments frequently involving the heart. Infection of neonates with CVB commonly occurs and can sometimes result in severe consequences. The tissue tropism of these and other viruses has long been thought to be controlled at least in part by the interaction of surface residues on the virus with specific cellular proteins found on the membrane of the target cells. The binding of the virus to these cellular proteins, which act as receptors, results ultimately in the entry of viral nucleic acid into the target cell through processes that are poorly understood (Rossmann 1994).
Caveat emptor: the combined effects of multiplicity and selective reporting.

Clinical trials and systematic reviews of clinical trials inform healthcare decisions. There is growing concern, however, about results from clinical trials that cannot be reproduced. Reasons for nonreproducibility include that outcomes are defined in multiple ways, results can be obtained using multiple methods of analysis, and trial findings are reported in multiple sources (“multiplicity”). Multiplicity combined with selective reporting can influence dissemination of trial findings and decision-making. In particular, users of evidence might be misled by exposure to selected sources and overly optimistic representations of intervention effects. In this commentary, drawing from our experience in the Multiple Data Sources in Systematic Reviews (MUDS) study and evidence from previous research, we offer practical recommendations to enhance the reproducibility of clinical trials and systematic reviews.
The expanding use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectroscopy in the diagnosis of patients with mycotic diseases.

Introduction: Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has emerged as a powerful new tool to identify human fungal pathogens and has radically alt...
Crystal chemistry and competing magnetic exchange interactions in oxide garnets and spinels

Abstract In this contribution, we review the crystal chemistry and magnetic exchange pathways in atomically well-ordered oxide garnets and spinels. While superficially the topologies of these two structures appear quite different, both are capable of accommodating a large number of magnetic elements from across the periodic table within multiple coordination environments, making them ideal for identifying new design principles. We present a comparison of the crystal chemistry for the two structures and an overview of the various magnetic properties that have been observed when one or more magnetic ions occupy the individual sublattices. We identify that the large number of degenerate superexchange pathways between each sublattice in either structure plays a critical role in producing novel magnetic behavior.
Faultlines as the “Earth’s Crust”: The Role of Team Identification, Communication Climate, and Subjective Perceptions of Subgroups for Global Team Satisfaction and Innovation:

Distributed teams in organizations are ubiquitous, use digital technologies extensively, and have the potential to be innovative due to the level of diversity of their members, but they face many c...
A Gateway to Learning: Exploring the Role of Campus Recreation and Leisure Experiences in Developing a Sense of Purpose in African American Males at a PWI:

Personal, social, and cultural issues influence any student’s ability to succeed in college, but these issues are more pronounced for African American males from low socioeconomic status (SES) back...
Analysis and Simulation of Cyber Attacks Against Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

We are expecting to see hundreds of thousands of smart connected cars in a matter of months from now until they replace the legacy vehicles. Connectivity is at the core of every such vehicle, with a large number of computer systems to monitor and control the vehicle. Cyber-security threats are on the rise and manufacturers are facing a unique level of challenge given the increasing complexity of the vehicles. Consumers need to understand the security implications of connected and autonomous vehicles before they can drive them with confidence. This paper reviews most common cyber attacks that hackers use to disrupt and compromise connected and autonomous vehicles. In particular, we use the threat modeling to analyze and identify the most significant threats. Moreover, we simulated the impact of those cyber attacks to demonstrate the significance of the cyber threats against connected and autonomous vehicles.
Osteoporosis in neurological disorders: Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and multiple sclerosis

Abstract The leading cause of disability in the world today, neurological disorders are closely associated with osteoporosis (OP). This chapter will review the primary risk factors for OP, ranging from low bone mineral density and vitamin D deficiency to falls, fractures, and immobilization, in Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. It will also discuss management strategies, including both assessment tools and suggested guidelines, which have been proposed in the absence of disease-specific national and international recommendations. Finally, it will consider a number of treatment options, specifically physical activity, dietary supplementation, and pharmacological interventions. OP in neurological diseases can be successfully treated only when physicians acknowledge its presence, recognize its adverse effects, and suggest appropriate interventions. At the same time, researchers must focus increased attention on the interaction between the causal factors attributable to the disease itself, and those that should be ascribed to confounding factors in order to develop the most effective management approach and to set optimal, realistic goals for patients with degenerative neurological conditions.
Aerodynamic effects of leading edge (LE) slats and slotted trailing edge (TE) flaps on NACA-2412 airfoil in prospect of optimization

Abstract Currently, various high lift devices are being employed in the general aviation industry. The performance of these high lift devices depends on various parameters, among which the geometrical or positional parameters are one of the most important as their influence is very prominent on the aerodynamics of the wing. Hence, attention is to be given to the optimization of these devices to increase their efficiency and performance. This article focuses on the optimization of high lift devices such as leading edge slats and trailing edge flaps. The optimization is achieved with four defined configurations for each high lift device and then compared their results with each other to find the best configuration; here the best performance refers to maximization of section coefficient of lift. A two-dimensional CFD (computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis performed on best three element airfoil using SolidWorks Flow Simulation tool with variation in aerodynamic parameters as lift and pitching moment. The obtained results have an accuracy of 1.09% for maximum coefficient of lift and 0.4% for landing condition respectively. Thus the optimized NACA2412 three-element airfoil gives good aerodynamic performance.
Sexual Violence in the Indian Diaspora: How Culture Impacts Coping and Support-Seeking

Sexual violence is prevalent in the Indian diaspora; however, little is known about how to support survivors. Feminist theory frames the experience of sexual violence as that of power and the social messages that the survivor receives. This article discusses the intersecting messages experienced by members of the diaspora: both from Indian and western culture. Framed through a feminist theoretical lens, this article discusses cultural messages and acculturation that inform the experience of sexual violence for a survivor. These messages are then synthesized to understand their impact on support seeking and coping. Considerations for counselors are discussed.
Predicting acute suicidal ideation on Instagram using ensemble machine learning models.

Abstract Introduction Online social networking data (SN) is a contextually and temporally rich data stream that has shown promise in the prediction of suicidal thought and behavior. Despite the clear advantages of this digital medium, predictive modeling of acute suicidal ideation (SI) currently remains underdeveloped. SN data, in conjunction with robust machine learning algorithms, may offer a promising way forward. Methods We applied an ensemble machine learning model on a previously published dataset of adolescents on Instagram with a prior history of lifetime SI (N = 52) to predict SI within the past month. Using predictors that capture language use and activity within this SN, we evaluated the performance of our out-of-sample, cross-validated model against previous efforts and leveraged a model explainer to further probe relative predictor importance and subject-level phenomenology. Results Linguistic and SN data predicted acute SI with an accuracy of 0.702 (sensitivity = 0.769, specificity = 0.654, AUC = 0.775). Model introspection showed a higher proportion of SN-derived predictors with substantial impact on prediction compared with linguistic predictors from structured interviews. Further analysis of subject-specific predictor importance uncovered potentially informative trends for future acute SI risk prediction. Conclusion Application of ensemble learning methodologies to SN data for the prediction of acute SI may mitigate the complexities and modeling challenges of SI that exist within these time scales. Future work is needed on larger, more heterogeneous populations to fine-tune digital biomarkers and more robustly test external validity.
Exploration of Venus and Mars atmospheres; Symposium C2 and Symposium C5 of the COSPAR Plenary Meeting, 29th, Washington DC, 28 August - 5 September, 1992

Two symposia related to the exploration of the Venus and Mars atmospheres produced papers which described the results of spacecraft-based and ground-based observations of these two planets. The topics addressed included solar wind interactions, molecular ions, planetary magnetospheres, planetary ionospheres, planetary thermospheres, gravity waves, the homopause, radiative transfer, radiative balance, atmospheric water, planetary lightning, very low frequency bursts, cosmic-ray ionization, planetary loss, and future missions to study Mars aeronomy, energetic particles near Mars, radar exploration of Mars, and the Mars Environmental Survey (MESUR) mission.
Productivity in HPC Clusters

This presentation discusses HPC productivity in terms of: (1) effective architectures, (2) parallel programming models, and (3) applications development tools. The demands placed on HPC by owners and users of systems ranging from public research laboratories to private scientific and engineering companies enrich the topic with many competing technologies and approaches. Rather than expecting to eliminate each other in the short run, these HPC competitors should be learning from one another in order to stay in the race. Here we examine how these competing forces form the engine of improvement for overall HPC cost/effectiveness. First, what will the effective architectures be? Moore’s law is likely to still hold at the processor level over the next few years. Those words are, of course, typical from a semiconductor manufacturer. More important for this conference, our roadmap projects that it will accelerate over the next couple of years due to Chip Multi Processors, CMPs. It has also been observed that cluster size has been growing at the same rate. Few people really know how successful the Grid and Utility Computing will be, but virtual organizations may add another level of parallelism to the problem solving process. Second, on parallel programming models, hybrid parallelism, i.e. parallelism at multiple levels with multiple programming models, will be used in many applications. Hybrid parallelism may emerge because application speedup at each level can be multiplied by future architectures. But, these applications can also adapt best to the wide variety of data and problems. Robustness of this type is needed to avoid high software costs of converting or incrementally tuning existing program. This leads to OpenMP, MPI, and Grid programming model investments. Third, application tools are needed for programmer productivity. Frankly, integrated programming environments have not made much headway in HPC. Tools for debugging and performance analysis still define the basic needs. The term debugging is used advised because there are limits to the scalability of debuggers in the amount of code and number of processors even today. How can we breakthrough? Maybe through automated tools for finding bugs at the threading and process level? Performance analysis capability similarly will be exceeded by the growth of hardware parallelism, unless progress is made.
Parallel processing: the Cm* experience

This book describes the parallel-processing research with CM/sup */ at Carnegie-Mellon University. Cm/sup */ is a tightly coupled 50-processor multiprocessing system that has been in operation since 1977. Two complete operating systems-StarOS and Medusa-are part of its development along with a number of applications.
The Impact of Higher Oil Prices on the Global Economy - a Tale of Two Different Cases

Most studies of the macroeconomic impact of higher oil prices do not distinguish two different cases of higher oil prices: the demand-driven versus supply-driven. As result, these studies, particularly those quantitative ones, would either underestimate the acuteness of a true supply-side oil shock or exaggerate the impact of higher oil prices driven mainly by increase global demand. This paper shows that the macroeconomic implications of these two cases are different: one is more an indication that the global economic growth is at or beyond the potential supported by global oil supply, while only the other could be defined as an oil shock.
Hematologic Malignancies Identified in Patients with Hypereosinophilia and Hypereosinophilic Syndromes

Background Certain hematologic malignancies are associated with hypereosinophilia or tissue eosinophilia. It is unclear if patients with hypereosinophilia are more likely to develop one of these malignancies. Objective This study sought to quantify the specific hematologic malignancies that developed in patients with preexisting hypereosinophilia. Methods Adult patients with eosinophilia associated with the development of hematologic malignancy were identified by a retrospective review of the Mayo Clinic patient database between 2000 and 2013. Results Of 2642 patients identified with eosinophilia, hypereosinophilia, or hypereosinophilic syndrome, 25 (aged 28.8 to 86.1 years; 13 male; 12 female) had a diagnosis of either lymphoma or leukemia. The majority of these patients had non-Hodgkin lymphoma (17 of 25). T-cell-derived lymphomas were more common (12 of 17) than B-cell-derived lymphomas (4 of 17). In patients with leukemia (8 of 25), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (4 of 8) was most common, followed by chronic eosinophilic leukemia (3 of 8). Approximately 5.1% of patients with hypereosinophilia developed a hematologic malignancy. On average, the malignancy developed 30.0 ± 42.7 months after the onset of hypereosinophilia. Conclusions The development of hematologic malignancies in this referral population with eosinophilia was rare (0.2%), but more common in those with hypereosinophilia (5.1%). Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, particularly T-cell-derived malignancies, were most commonly diagnosed. Patients with preexisting hypereosinophilia were diagnosed with hematologic conditions that were rarer within the general population.
Exposure Circumstances and Outcomes of 48 Households with 57 Cats Exposed to Toxic Lily Species

Ingestion of Lilium or Hemerocallis spp. by cats can result in renal failure. The objectives of this study were to determine the foreknowledge of lily toxicity of owners of cats that were exposed to lilies and to obtain historical, clinical and outcome information on the exposures. A survey was done of cat owners reporting indoor exposures to lilies to the Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) during April 2009. Forty eight individuals, (57 cats) were included. Sixty nine percent of cat owners said they could recognize a lily and 27% knew that lilies were toxic prior to their cats' exposures. Most lilies were obtained from grocery or other stores, and were purchased by the owners or as gifts to the cat owners. Owners who were unaware of lily toxicity frequently left the flowers where the cats had access to them, whereas in households where the toxicity was known the cats actively sought out the flowers. Of the cats in this study 93% received prompt veterinary care, and 87% either developed no signs or had brief signs that resolved. Five percent had evidence of renal insufficiency at final follow-up and another 5 percent of cats were euthanized due to renal failure.
On non-numeric architecture

In this informal paper, we present what we believe is one of the major problems in computer science of the 70's and several approaches to the solution of this problem that are being studied by our group and by others. (A formal paper that includes a detailed bibliography on this topic is in preparation. Therefore, we are writing this paper in an informal style without references). A very large part of the computational load throughout the world is essentially business computation. Perhaps it is the majority of computation. Business computation is heavily oriented to data base management and information retrieval. We will refer to this type of computation as non-numeric processing. The main primitive operation here is the search. However, we are using standard von Neumann computers whose main primitive operation is addition. What is good for numeric problems like inverting large matrices is not necessarily good for non-numeric problems like searching large data bases. The hardware limitations of conventional von Neumann computers tend to straightjacket our approach to non-numeric processing.
Characterization of K2CO3/Co–MoS2 catalyst by XRD, XPS, SEM, and EDS

Abstract MoS 2 , Co–MoS 2 and K 2 CO 3 /Co–MoS 2 catalysts have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XRD analysis indicates that Co–MoS 2 is a primary phase in K 2 CO 3 /Co–MoS 2 catalyst and the diffraction lines of Co–MoS 2 are not changed by the addition of K 2 CO 3 . Co 9 S 8 phase is not present at Co/Mo mole ratio of 0.5 using a co-precipitation method for preparation of cobalt–molybdenum catalyst. The binding energies (BEs) of chemical species present on the surface of the catalysts are compared through the course of catalyst preparation. K 2 CO 3 /Co–MoS 2 catalyst has been investigated as a function of dispersion of K on the surface and exposure to a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (syngas) by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The distribution of potassium on the surface of the K-promoted catalyst is not uniform.
A Review of the Applications of Membrane Separation Technology in Natural Gas Treatment

While membrane technology is still young and has great potential for further improvements, it has been proven economical and technically efficient in many applications such as treatment of natural gas. In this paper a brief history of membrane gas separation technology is presented, and the theoretical aspects of the process are discussed. The article also introduces applications of membranes in the natural gas industry, discusses different system designs and the effects of operating parameters on the performance of membrane systems, and compares the technical and economical aspects of membrane processes with conventional technologies.
Generation of chemotactic factors in guinea pig serum via activation of the classical and alternate complement pathways.

Abstract The characteristics of generation of PMN chemotactic factors by endotoxin and immune complexes have been studied in normal and C4-deficient guinea pig serum. Over a wide dosage range, both activating agents effectively interacted with C4-deficient serum to produce normal levels of chemotactic activity. The appearance of activity was blocked by EDTA or prior heating of the serum, but not by EGTA. The alternate pathway of complement activation, therefore, is capable of mediating efficient generation of chemotactic factors by endotoxin and immune complexes. In studies of the kinetics of generation of chemotactic factors, it was shown that activation of the alternate complement pathway resulted in an initial latent period with subsequent rapid appearance of activity, while classical C142 pathway activation led to very rapid early generation of chemotactic activity. The PMN chemotactic activity generated by either endotoxin or immune complexes resides in two distinct low molecular weight factors (17,000 and 10,000). These factors have been identified as two different C5 cleavage products.