cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extrapolated Stanford-Binet IQs for Severely and Profoundly Retarded Adults:

Summary.-The 1972 table of norms for the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale does not include scores for adults who achieve Mental Ages (MA) below 5-3. To standardize assignment of IQ for severely and profoundly retarded adults scoring in this range, a regression analysis of the 1972 tabled values at the Chronological Age (CA) 18-0 level was performed. From the resulting regression equation, a table containing extrapolated IQs for MAS 2-0 through 5-11 was produced which can be used to standardize estimates of IQ for low-functioning adults. The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (Form LM) was restandardized in 1972 to yield norms more representative of the United States population than the previously used Pinneau tables from 1960 (Terman & Merrill, 1973). Raw scores for the scale are still reported in Mental Age units (MA) and reflect the varying degrees of credit for ~assed subtests at the different Chronological Age levels (CA). MA totals are then compared with appropriate CA listings to determine the deviation IQ. These tabled values of IQ represent the norms of the Stanford-Binet following its most recent restandardization. When testing adults with the Stanford-Binet, the accepred practice is to use the tabled values for CA 18-0 to determine specific IQs for different levels of MA. At the lower MAS, however, the table of norms is incomplete. Tabled IQs are found only for MAS above 5-3 and for IQs above 33. For the most part, the absence of tabled values below this level makes little difference in that performance in this range would be achieved by less than one out of 100 thousand adults in the general population. Nevertheless, when testing mentally retarded or brain-injured adults who are functioning in the severe and profound ranges of mental retardation, the absence of tabled norms at this level poses some problem. The examiner must estimate the IQ equivalent for MAS between 2-0 and 5-3, and depending upon strategy, reported IQs for the same MA may differ across examiners. Silverstein (1980) presents a regression strategy to estimate IQ for menrally gifted and retarded individuals whose IQs fall above or below the tabled values. Silverstein's method requires the calculation of an age adjusted ratio IQ which is regressed against tabled deviation IQs. This procedure is a bit cumbersome and seems somewhat anachronistic in attempting to maintain the ratio IQ concept. A simpler procedure would be to extrapolate IQs through a regression of the MA itself with the tabled deviation IQs.
Adolescent Mental Health Case Management: Consumer Perspectives:

This qualitative study describes case management practices and suggestions for mental health service delivery improvement from the perspective of parents and guardians of adolescent service recipie...
Applied Psychology: Actively Caring for People

Part I. Evidence-Based Principles of AC4P: Introduction E. Scott Geller 1. The foundation: applied behavioral science E. Scott Geller 2. The psychology of AC4P behavior E. Scott Geller 3. The psychology of self-motivation E. Scott Geller 4. The courage to actively care E. Scott Geller 5. Effective AC4P communication E. Scott Geller 6. Social influence and AC4P behavior Cory Furrow and E. Scott Geller 7. The intersection of AC4P and positive psychology Keenan Twohig, Matt Fornito and E. Scott Geller 8. Leadership, followership, and AC4P behavior Roseanne J. Foti and Kathleen B. Boyd Part II. Applications of AC4P Principles: Introduction E. Scott Geller 9. Actively caring for occupational safety Joshua H. Williams and E. Scott Geller 10. Cultivating an AC4P culture in organizations Florence D. DiGennaro Reed, Amy J. Henley, Sarah R. Jenkins, Jessica L. Doucette, and Jason M. Hirst 11. Actively caring for traffic safety Chris S. Dula, Benjamin A. Martin, and Kyle A. Suhr 12. Actively caring to prevent alcohol abuse Ryan C. Smith and E. Scott Geller 13. Actively caring for obesity Sallie Beth Johnson and E. Scott Geller 14. Actively caring for patient-centered healthcare Dave Johnson and E. Scott Geller 15. Actively caring for our children Angela K. Fournier, Kelli England Will, and Kate Larson 16. Actively caring for preschoolers Jocelyn H. Newton, Katie C. Goulet, and Kyra L. Heidelberger 17. Actively caring for young athletes Thelma S. Horn 18. Actively caring for higher education Derek D. Reed, Bryan T. Yanagita, Amel Becirevic, Jason M. Hirst, Brent A. Kaplan, Ellie Eastes, and Taylor Hanna 19. Actively caring for mother earth E. Scott Geller 20. The AC4P power of pets Krista S. Geller Epilogue: where do we go from here? E. Scott Geller.
Welcome Address from the President of the Wildlife Disease Association

On behalf of the Wildlife Disease Association, I would like to welcome you to the Third International Wildlife Disease Conference here in Munich. Perusal of the program indicates that the International Conference, like the Association itself, has continued to grow in scope and stature since the first Conference in 1965. Some 18 countries are represented at this year’s Conference.
Mechanisms and Consequences of Antigen Presentation by CD1

The CD1 proteins are a family of non-polymorphic and MHC class I-related molecules that present lipid antigens to subsets of T lymphocytes with innate- or adaptive-like immune functions. Recent studies have provided new insight into the identity of immunogenic CD1 antigens and the mechanisms that control the generation and loading of these antigens onto CD1 molecules. Furthermore, substantial progress has been made in identifying CD1-restricted T cells and decoding the diverse immunological functions of distinct CD1-restricted T cell subsets. These findings shed new light on the contributions of the CD1 antigen-presentation pathway to normal health and to a diverse array of pathologies, and provide a new impetus for exploiting this fascinating recognition system for the development of vaccines and immunotherapies.
Structure of small Aun, Agn, and Cun clusters (n=2−4) on rutile TiO2(110): A density functional theory study

Abstract We examine the structure of small Aun, Agn, and Cun (n=2−4) clusters on rutile TiO2(110) surfaces using density functional theory calculations. Based on the comparison of supported and gas-phase clusters, we also discuss the effect of the cluster–substrate interaction on the atomic structure of small Au, Ag, and Cu clusters grown on TiO2(110).
β Cell Renewal versus Differentiation: Slow and Steady Wins the Race.

Pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells proliferate and transiently express the bHLH transcription factor Ngn3. In recent issues of Developmental Cell, Azzarelli et al. (2017) and Krentz et al. (2017) demonstrate how CDK phosphorylation of Ngn3 governs the switch between their renewal and differentiation. Lengthening the cell cycle allows Ngn3 accumulation, outpacing phosphorylation-induced degradation.
PAC Reinforcement Learning With an Imperfect Model.

Reinforcement learning (RL) methods have proved to be successful in many simulated environments. The common approaches, however, are often too sample intensive to be applied directly in the real world. A promising approach to addressing this issue is to train an RL agent in a simulator and transfer the solution to the real environment. When a highfidelity simulator is available we would expect significant reduction in the amount of real trajectories needed for learning. In this work we aim at better understanding the theoretical nature of this approach. We start with a perhaps surprising result that, even if the approximate model (e.g., a simulator) only differs from the real environment in a single state-action pair (but which one is unknown), such a model could be information-theoretically useless and the sample complexity (in terms of real trajectories) still scales with the total number of states in the worst case. We investigate the hard instances and come up with natural conditions that avoid the pathological situations. We then propose two conceptually simple algorithms that enjoy polynomial sample complexity guarantees with no dependence on the size of the state-action space, and prove some foundational results to provide insights into this important problem.
First-principles calculations of optical transitions at native defects and impurities in ZnO

Optical spectroscopy is a powerful approach for detecting defects and impurities in ZnO, an important electronic material. However, knowledge of how common optical signals are linked with defects and impurities is still limited. The Cu-related green luminescence is among the best understood luminescence signals, but theoretical descriptions of Cu-related optical processes have not agreed with experiment. Regarding native defects, assigning observed lines to specific defects has proven very difficult. Using first-principles calculations, we calculate the properties of native defects and impurities in ZnO and their associated optical signals. Oxygen vacancies are predicted to give luminescence peaks lower than 1 eV; while related zinc dangling bonds can lead to luminescence near 2.4 eV. Zinc vacancies lead to luminescence peaks below 2 eV, as do the related oxygen dangling bonds. However, when complexed with hydrogen impurities, zinc vacancies can cause higher-energy transitions, up to 2.3 eV. We also find that the Cu-related green luminescence is related to a (+/0) deep donor transition level.
La figura abyecta del mestizo en El primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno

En el presente ensayo analizo la caracterizacion del mestizo en El primer nueva coronica y buen gobierno de Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala. Se argumenta que el autor intenta evadir toda representacion sistematica sobre esta figura y se plantea que es posible detectar dos propuestas concretas alrededor de las cuales Guaman Poma organiza sus comentarios sobre mestizos. Por un lado, insiste en la necesidad de segregar a la comunidad amerindia en sus pueblos de indios para apartarla de todo contacto con otros grupos socio-raciales y asi evitar la proliferacion de mestizos. Por otro lado, Guaman Poma identifica la sexualidad femenina amerindia como un ambito crucial de intervencion para desalentar la reproduccion de este grupo. Se propone, ademas, que el mestizo aparece en la obra de Guaman Poma no como un componente mas de su meticulosa representacion de la sociedad colonial, sino mas bien como la figura de lo abyecto.
An Overview of String-Based Path Sampling Methods

Abstract Calculating and optimizing the minimum energy pathway of a conformational or chemical transition is important to understanding its behavior. In this review, we summarize double-ended transition state search methods, focusing on chain-of-states methods such as nudged elastic band and string method. Optimization of the paths and application to biological and chemical problems will also be discussed.
Avoiding tests for subsumption

Useful equivalence-preserving operations based on anti-links are described. These operations eliminate a potentially large number of subsumed paths in a negation normal form formula. Those anti-links that directly indicate the presence of subsumed paths are characterized. These operations are useful for prime implicant/implicate algorithms because most of the computational effort in computing the prime implicants and prime implicates of a pro-positional formula is spent on subsumption checks. The problem of removing all subsumed paths in an NNF formula is shown to be NP-hard, even though such formulas may be small relative to the size of their path sets. The general problem of determining whether a pair of subsumed paths is associated with an arbitrary anti-link is shown to be NP-complete. Further reductions of subsumption checks are shown to be available when strictly pure full blocks are present. The effectiveness of operations based on anti-links and strictly pure full blocks is examined with respect to some benchmark examples from the literature.
Analysis of Shock Wave Structure in Single-Crystal Olivine Using Visar

The transition of olivine (of approximate composition (Mg0.9 Fe0.1)2 SiO4) to the high-pressure γ-spinel phase, with β-spinel as a likely intermediate, is generally acknowledged to be the cause of the 400 km discontinuity in the mantle (Fig. 1). There is less general agreement concerning the mechanism by which this transition occurs. It may depend on such conditions as shear stress and temperature (Green, 1984). Two principal models have been proposed: (1) incoherent nucleation and growth of the high-pressure phase; and (2) a “martensitic” or “restacking” process in which dislocations sweep the basal (100) planes of olivine, restacking the oxygen ions from a distorted hcp arrangement to the ccp arrangement of γ-spinel, and the cations recorded either by a coherent scheme of diffusively. Experimental evidence supporting each model has been published (see, eg., Green (1984) and Furnish and Bassett (1983) for reviews), with results from longer-term experiments tending to favor incoherent nucleation and growth, and from shorter-term experiments (up to a few hours transition time) favoring a restacking mechanism.
Tuberculosis Research using Nonhuman Primates

Tuberculosis is the second most common infectious cause of death worldwide in humans. Here we review major concepts in the etiology and pathology of human disease and the nonhuman primate experimental models of tuberculosis. Macaques (rhesus and cynomolgus) infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis provide a model in which all aspects of human tuberculosis are replicated, including primary (active) tuberculosis, latent infection, and reactivation tuberculosis, with pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations. Outcome can vary depending on dose, route, strain of M. tuberculosis , and species of nonhuman primate. Macaque models of tuberculosis have been used to test vaccines and drugs against M. tuberculosis infection, and to study the immunologic basis of human tuberculosis. SIV- M. tuberculosis co-infections serve as a model for tuberculosis in HIV+ humans. In this chapter, we discuss tuberculosis in humans, emphasizing the current gaps in knowledge, treatment, and prevention. We focus on nonhuman primates as a research model for human tuberculosis, discussing the current status of the model and the potential for future research that will improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of human tuberculosis.
New plugs for CCM bleeds.

In this issue of Blood, Lopez-Ramirez et al link hemorrhage associated with cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) to anticoagulant properties of lesion endothelial cells, suggesting novel ways to attenuate accompanying seizures and stroke.1
Thoracic Aortic Dissection Associated with Marijuana Use.

Abstract Background Acute aortic dissection (AD) is a life-threatening condition most frequently seen in men with an average age >60 years. Risk factors include family history, hypertension and cigarette smoking. AD has been associated with methamephatamine and cocaine use but has not previously been associated with the use of marijuana. Case Report We report a case of an aortic dissection in a 56-year-old male that occurred while smoking marijuana. The patient had a family history significant for both aortic aneurysm and dissection. He developed crushing chest pain, shortness of breath, and diaphoresis shortly after smoking marijuana from a glass pipe called a “bubbler”. His ECG was unremarkable as was his chest x-ray and initial labs. CT scan revealed an Aortic dissection from the aortic root to the internal iliac artery. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? The role of cannabis in cardiovascular disorders is complex and not completely understood. Acute chest pain associated with marijuana use typically raises concern for pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. Marijuana has also been associated with hypertension and arrhythmias and has also been associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction. However a link between marijuana and acute aortic dissection has not been previously reported. As more states legalize medical and recreational marijuana use this is a timely and important consideration for Emergency physicians evaluating chest pain. Our goal is to document the temporal relationship of cannabis use and acute aortic dissection in a recent ED patient.
METABOLISM AND TURNOVER OF MHPG IN THE MONKEY

In the rhesus monkey, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) is a major metabolite of norepinephrine and is excreted as sulfate and glucuronide conjugates. After administration of deuterated MHPG (D 3 -MHPG), there was a biphasic exponential decline in plasma D 3 -MHPG, and D 3 -VMA was found in plasma and urine. More than 70% of VMA in urine was derived from MHPG. The enrichment of MHPG-SO 4 with D 3 was 60-85% that of free MHPG suggesting that 15-40% of MHPG-SO 4 was derived from brain.
Simultaneous Consideration of HbA1c and Insulin Resistance Improves Risk Assessment in White Individuals at Increased Risk for Future Type 2 Diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence increases unabated even as interventions focused on individuals at high risk can prevent T2D (1). Best approaches to identify individuals at high risk continue to be refined. Current risk assessment focuses on elevated glycemia, commonly estimated by fasting glucose (FG) and HbA1c levels, despite imperfect sensitivity and specificity (2). We previously showed that risk for T2D increases progressively as HbA1c increases, independently and in addition to increasing FG (3,4). As risk assessment for T2D depends on more than glycemia alone, simultaneous consideration of another physiological axis may improve biomarker-based diagnostic precision. Here, we test the hypothesis that simultaneous consideration of HbA1c and insulin resistance (IR), assessed with fasting insulin as HOMA of IR (HOMA-IR), can substantially improve risk assessment for T2D. We have previously detailed our statistical approach, IR and T2D diagnostic criteria, and particulars of the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) (3). Using the same FHS data and excluding those with T2D at baseline, we categorized individuals according to HbA1c <5.7% or 5.7–6.49% and into HOMA-IR tertiles and followed them for a mean (SD) of 16.4 (4.5) years for incident T2D. Age- and sex-adjusted T2D incidence rates and counts of subjects are shown in Fig. 1 A for all …
Assessing the enrichment of dietary supplement coverage in the Unified Medical Language System.

OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the need for additional coverage of dietary supplements (DS) in the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) by investigating (1) the overlap between the integrated DIetary Supplements Knowledge base (iDISK) DS ingredient terminology and the UMLS and (2) the coverage of iDISK and the UMLS over DS mentions in the biomedical literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS We estimated the overlap between iDISK and the UMLS by mapping iDISK to the UMLS using exact and normalized strings. The coverage of iDISK and the UMLS over DS mentions in the biomedical literature was evaluated via a DS named-entity recognition (NER) task within PubMed abstracts. RESULTS The coverage analysis revealed that only 30% of iDISK terms can be matched to the UMLS, although these cover over 99% of iDISK concepts. A manual review revealed that a majority of the unmatched terms represented new synonyms, rather than lexical variants. For NER, iDISK nearly doubles the precision and achieves a higher F1 score than the UMLS, while maintaining a competitive recall. DISCUSSION While iDISK has significant concept overlap with the UMLS, it contains many novel synonyms. Furthermore, almost 3000 of these overlapping UMLS concepts are missing a DS designation, which could be provided by iDISK. The NER experiments show that the specialization of iDISK is useful for identifying DS mentions. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the DS representation in the UMLS could be enriched by adding DS designations to many concepts and by adding new synonyms.
Recursive filtering adaptive neural fault-tolerant control for uncertain multivariable nonlinear systems

Abstract This paper synthesizes a recursive filtering adaptive neural fault-tolerant controller for uncertain multivariable nonlinear systems. The proposed control scheme adopts an estimation/cancellation strategy to deal with uncertainties and/or disturbances. The nonlinear uncertainties are approximated by a Gaussian radial basis function (GRBF)-based neural network incorporated with a piecewise constant adaptive law, where the adaptive law will generate adaptive parameters by solving the error dynamics between the real system and the state predictor with the neglection of unknowns, and recursive least squares (RLS) is applied to distribute the total uncertainty estimates into matched and mismatched components. The cooperation of GRBF learning method and piecewise constant adaptive law relaxes the stringent constraint on the hardware CPU speed and achieves fast adaptation. The filtering control law delivers a satisfactory performance with guaranteed robustness. Two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control architecture via comparisons.
Vector Specificity of the Relapsing Fever Spirochete Borrelia hermsii (Spirochaetales: Borreliaceae) for the Tick Ornithodoros hermsi (Acari: Argasidae) Involves Persistent Infection of the Salivary Glands

The relapsing fever spirochetes Borrelia hermsii and Borrelia turicatae are each maintained and transmitted in nature by their specific tick vectors, Ornithodoros hermsi Wheeler (Acari: Argasidae) and Ornithodoros turicata (Duges), respectively. The basis for this spirochete and vector specificity is not known, but persistent colonization of spirochetes in the tick's salivary glands is presumed to be essential for transmission by these long-lived ticks that feed in only minutes on their warm-blooded hosts. To examine this hypothesis further, cohorts of O. hermsi and O. turicata were infected with B. hermsii and examined 7-260 d later for infection in their midgut, salivary glands, and synganglion. While the midgut from all ticks of both species at all time points examined were infected with spirochetes, the salivary glands of only O. hermsi remained persistently infected. The salivary glands of O. turicata were susceptible to an early transient infection. However, no spirochetes were observed in these tissues beyond the first 32 d after acquisition. Ticks of both species were fed on mice 112 d after they acquired spirochetes and only those mice fed upon by O. hermsi became infected. Thus, the vector competency for B. hermsii displayed by O. hermsi but not O. turicata lies, in part, in the persistent infection of the salivary glands of the former but not the latter species of tick. The genetic and biochemical mechanisms supporting this spirochete and vector specificity remain to be identified.
Theoretical Contributions from Social and Cognitive-Behavioral Psychology

Psychology is the science of the psyche or mind (Hebb, 1974). By definition, psychology has been the study of individuals, particularly the mental processes and behavior of individuals or, in the case of social psychology, nonfamilial groups of individuals. Therefore, psychology has had no explicit theory about family structure or functioning. Aspects of theories in psychology that do address the family have been extensions of theories about the individual; that is, family variables, especially parent-child relationships, have been used to predict outcomes in the individual’s development, personality, or behavior pattern. Of course, the way these family variables were conceptualized and measured reveals implicit theories about coupling and families within the various subdisciplines of psychology.
In vivo detection of protein-DNA interactions

The study of plant gene regulation has moved rapidly into the description of transcription regulatory proteins that bind to promoter or enhancer DNA [for example 1–5]. However, most of this work has been conducted in vitro and has been made possible by the gel retardation assay [6].
Efficient and robust test generation-based timing analysis

This paper describes a new path sensitization model in which search-space pruning techniques commonly used in test pattern generation can be applied to timing analysis. A safe static sensitization criterion, equivalent to floating-mode sensitization, is proposed and represented in the new path sensitization model. This model has been used to implement a timing analysis tool, TA-LEAP, and preliminary results indicate significant performance gains over previous methods. >
Sentinel node biopsy versus conventional axillary dissection in clinically node-negative breast cancer patients

Lymphatic mapping and biopsy of the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) as a method for pathologically staging breast cancer patients has been extensively evaluated over the past 10 years. The goal of this approach is to stage patients accurately in order to make appropriate decisions about adjuvant treatment, but also to avoid the potential morbidity of conventional axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). A large number of single center and multicenter trials have been reported that indicate the accuracy of several different methods, and the largest prospective randomized trial of SLN biopsy versus ALND, conducted by the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP), completed accrual last year. Other trials with different designs and objectives have also been completed. A great deal of information is now available on the use of this approach to breast cancer staging, but many questions remain controversial, including technical issues and patient selection parameters.
Partitioning of intermediary carbon metabolism in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal leek

Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are symbionts for a large variety of crop plants; however, the form in which they take up carbon from the host is not established. To trace the course of carbon metabolism, we have used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with [13C]glucose labeling in vivo and in extracts to examine leek (Allium porrum) roots colonized by Glomus etunicatum (and uncolonized controls) as well as germinating spores. These studies implicate glucose as a likely substrate for vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the symbiotic state. Root feeding of 0.6 mM 1-[13C]glucose labeled only the fungal metabolites trehalose and glycogen. The time course of this labeling was dependent on the status of the host. Incubation with 50 mM 1-[13C]glucose caused labeling of sucrose (in addition to fungal metabolites) with twice as much labeling in uncolonized plants. There was no detectable scrambling of the label from C1 glucose to the C6 position of glucose moieties in trehalose or glycogen. Labeling of mannitol C1,6 in the colonized root tissue was much less than in axenically germinating spores. Thus, carbohydrate metabolism of host and fungus are significantly altered in the symbiotic state.
Business Service Management in a Service Oriented, Virtualized World

Business Service Management (BSM) is now recognized as one of the most important attributes of a comprehensive systems management solution. Delivering relevant information to business decision makers is now a priority for management tool and application vendors. Recent trends in enterprise software have provided enterprises an opportunity to realize greater efficiencies and cost savings from their software investments. Additionally, these same opportunities have created new challenges for systems management software developers to keep pace with this dynamic environment. In particular, Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Virtualization are having a tremendous impact on how enterprises construct their production environments to leverage these efficiencies. SOA encourages enterprises to create more agile, reconfigurable and responsive software solutions, and Virtualization allows these same enterprises to realize cost savings by reducing the amount of hardware required, better utilization of existing hardware and reduction of energy consumption. SOA and Virtualization are now mainstream in the corporate computing environment and systems management tools must account for them in their complete solutions offering. These management solutions must provide substantial value to a given business and, SOA and Virtualization must be a part of any BSM solution. This paper provides the reader with the key ingredients for creating compelling BSM solutions in a Service Oriented, Virtualized enterprise.
Antineoplastic therapy use in patients with advanced cancer admitted to an acute palliative care unit at a comprehensive cancer center: a simultaneous care model.

BACKGROUND: Cancer patients admitted to a palliative care unit generally have a poor prognosis. The role of antineoplastic therapy (ANT) in these patients remains controversial. In the current study, the authors examined the frequency and predictors associated with ANT use in hospitalized patients who required admission to an acute palliative care unit (APCU). METHODS: Included in the study were all 2604 patients admitted over a 5-year period to a 12-bed APCU located within a National Cancer Institute comprehensive cancer center, in which patients had access to both palliative care and ANT. Institutional databases were used to retrospectively retrieve data regarding patient demographics, cancer diagnosis, ANT use, length of hospital stay, and survival from time of admission. RESULTS: The median hospital stay was 11 days, and the median survival was 22 days. During hospitalization, 435 patients (17%) received ANT, including chemotherapy (N = 297; 11%), hormonal agents (N = 54; 2%), and targeted therapy (N = 155; 6%). No significant change in the frequency of ANT use was detected over the 5-year period. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that younger age, specific cancer diagnoses, and longer admissions were independently associated with ANT use. CONCLUSIONS: The use of ANT during hospitalization that included an APCU stay was limited to a small percentage of patients and did not increase over time. ANT use was associated with younger age, specific cancer diagnoses, and longer admissions. The APCU facilitates simultaneous care for patients receiving ANT. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Inserting active delay elements to achieve wave pipelining

Wave pipelining is a technique for pipelining digital systems that can increase the clock frequency without increasing the number of storage elements. Due to limits and variations in fabrication, the clock frequency can be increased by a factor of 2 to 3 by using the best available design methods. The authors present algorithms that will equalize delays automatically by inserting a minimal number of active delay elements to lengthen short paths. This method can be combined with delay balancing by adjusting gate speeds to design wave-pipelined circuits. >
Do Accounting Choices Matter in the Process of Mergers and Acquisitions

Accounting choices are by no means irrelevant to the process of mergers and acquisitions. While there can be no doubt that it is nearly impossible for analysts to see through opaque accounting decisions (such as the impairment of goodwill or the tinkering with accruals), the example of purchase versus pooling demonstrates that, because of their bounded rationality, analysts are inherently limited in their ability to reverse out even relatively transparent accounting choices.
Effect of Rivet Spacing on Stiffened Thin Sheet Under Compression

This thesis discusses an experimental investigation of the stress distribution across a stiffened thin sheet panel under compression. The effect of bending stresses and curvature of the sheet on extensometer readings is also dealt with. An attempt is made to determine a rational design criteria for rivet spacing on stiffened thin sheet under compression. Design curves of rivet spacing against thickness are developed. The effect of changing the rivet spacing or size on the ultimate load of a compression panel is discussed in view of some experiments.
Alkali-metal stoichiometry and structure of K 4 C 60 and Rb 4 C 60

Alkali-metal fulleride samples ${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ and ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ with stoichiometries close to x=4 were examined with x-ray powder-diffraction measurements at room temperature. We have shown through Rietveld refinements that ${\mathrm{A}}_{4}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ is a line phase with charge per lattice site that is closer to integer than in any other fulleride. The ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecules are disordered between two possible orientations within the body-centered-tetragonal lattice with the three orthogonal twofold rotation axes aligned with the unit-cell translation vectors in space group I4/mmm. The x-ray diffraction results exclude any quadrupole distortion of the fullerene molecule beyond about 0.04 \AA{}. These results suggest that ${\mathrm{K}}_{4}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ and ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{4}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ may be Mott insulators.
Final klystron modulator design, testing, and installation plan for the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center accelerator

This paper describes the production design, initial testing, and the installation plan of the 44 totem-pole pair, triode based klystron modulator systems that will be installed on the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) accelerator RF system. The existing modulators were designed in the late 60's and replacement components are no longer available. That design uses a single triode tube as a saturated switch to develop the required klystron mod-anode voltage. This design dissipates almost 15 kW and requires oil pumps and oil/water heat exchangers to maintain safe oil tank temperatures. The new modulator switches electrostatically, charging and discharging the klystron mod-anode capacitance. Analog feedback control is utilized to ensure the klystron beam current is flat-top regulated. The new totem-pole design also provides faster rise and fall characteristics which reduces klystron collector dissipation. The new modulator is designed to operate the klystrons up to 86 kV with a nominal 32 Amp beam current at a 120 Hz repetition rate and a 15% duty cycle (>400 kW). The on and off deck modulators are of identical design and utilize a cascode connected planar triode, cathode driven with a high speed MOSFET. Voltage divider feedback is connected to the planar triode grid to enable flat-top control. Although modern design approaches suggest solid state designs may be considered, the planar triode (Eimac Y-847B) is very cost effective and has a low power (50 W) matrix cathode which is easy to integrate with the existing hardware. With the high mu gain characteristics, the triode provides a simplified linear feedback control mechanism. The design is very compact and fault tolerant. This paper will review the final design, test parameters, and the expected installation plan for the LANSCE accelerator.
Patient-Derived Xenografts as a Model System for Radiation Research

The cancer literature is filled with promising preclinical studies demonstrating impressive efficacy for new therapeutics, yet translation of these approaches into clinical successes has been rare, indicating that current methods used to predict efficacy are suboptimal. The most likely reason for the limitation of these studies is the disconnect between preclinical models and cancers treated in the clinic. Specifically, most preclinical models are poor representations of human disease. Immortalized cancer cell lines that dominate the cancer literature may be, in a sense, "paper tigers" that have been selected by decades of culture to be artificially driven by highly targetable proteins. Thus, although effective in treating these cell lines either in vitro or as artificial tumors transplanted from culture into experimental animals as xenografts, the identified therapies would likely underperform in a clinical setting. This inherent limitation applies not only to drug testing but also to experiments with radiation therapy. Indeed, traditional radiobiology methods rely on monolayer culture systems, with emphasis on colony formation and DNA damage assessment that may have limited clinical translation. As such, there has been keen interest in developing tumor explant systems in which patient tumors are directly transplanted into and solely maintained in vivo, using immunocompromised mice. These so-called patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) represent a robust model system that has been garnering support in academia and industry as a superior preclinical approach to drug testing. Likewise, PDX models have the potential to improve radiation research. In this review, we describe how PDX models are currently being used for both drug and radiation testing and how they can be incorporated into a translational research program.
Medical management of chronic suppurative otitis media without cholesteatoma in children

Tympanomastoid surgery is considered standard management for chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) without cholesteatoma, which is unresponsive to ototopical/oral antimicrobial therapy. The following makes this sequence of management less attractive today: 1. potential ototoxicity of ototopical agents; 2. lack of oral antimicrobial agents effective against most common pathogens (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa); 3. frequent occurrence in children who have tympanostomy tubes; and 4. failure of tympanomastoid surgery to eradicate the disease in all cases. We conducted a study in 36 pediatric patients with chronic suppurative otitis media, in which all received parenteral antimicrobial therapy and daily aural toilet (mean duration of treatment = 9.7 days). Thirty-two patients (89%) had resolution of their infection with medical therapy alone; four children required tympanomastoidectomy. Further investigation is needed to understand the etiology, pathogenesis, and most effective methods of management/prevention of CSOM in children.
Judicial selection: Politics, biases, and constituency demands

The determinants of recent U.S. districtcourt judges and appellate court judgesselection have been subject of much debate,but little systematic evidence has beenpresented to substantiate claims regardingdiscrimination against particular groups ofjudicial nominees, nor regarding the lengthof the appointment process. We study boththe length of the nominations process, andthe likelihood of confirmation andemphasize the role of Senatorial seniorityand agenda control in the confirmationsprocess. We find that Senators with agendacontrol have a positive effect on the speedand likelihood of confirmation and thatnominees from states with comparativelysenior Senators receive expedited treatmentrelative to other nominees. Althoughpolitics matter in the confirmationprocess, Senators are responsive to aperceived ``shortage'' of judges, since theyfill seats faster when a relatively largenumber of court seats are vacant. Nomineeswith higher personal qualifications arealso more likely to experience success inconfirmations. We found no evidence ofgender or race discrimination on the partof the Senate.
The value of Ga-67 scintigraphy and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in staging and monitoring the response of lymphoma to treatment

Gallium-67 scintigraphy (GS) has the ability to provide important diagnostic and prognostic information for the evaluation of patients with lymphoma. GS is superior to morphologic imaging techniques because of its affinity to viable lymphoma cells. The value of GS lies not in the initial diagnosis but primarily in assessing the results of treatment and in the follow-up of patients with lymphoma. Nevertheless, GS has not gained the expected wide acceptance, possibly because of the meticulous technique required and the expertise needed for optimal interpretation. The introduction of positron emission tomography (PET) with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) as a tumor-seeking agent, which provides images of superior quality, may have an impact on the current role of GS in the management of patients with lymphoma. FDG-PET seems to share with GS the advantages of a tumor viability agent. It appears to be more sensitive for detecting nodal and extranodal sites of disease than GS and may have predictive value during and after therapy for lymphoma. These potential clinical and economic advantages of FDG-PET need to be confirmed in systematic, large-scale prospective studies.
Adaptive quadrature algorithms for the ILLIAC IV

Two classes of adaptive quadrature algorithms for use on the ILLIAC IV are described, one designed for high processor utilization, the other for high processing speed. The results of simulation tests comparing algorithms from these two classes are summarized and commented on. The results indicate that a more truly adaptive algorithm without consistently high processor utilization is faster than one designed specifically for high utilization. For a better algorithm, the speedup over sequential processing ranges from 1.1 to 46.9 (average = 15.5) for 14 examples; this is considerably less than the maximum possible speedup of 64 but is still substantial.
A Compliance Evaluation of the Transition Outcomes Project.

This study examines the quantitative results of an evaluation investigating implementation of the Transition Outcomes Project in a midwestern state. Data collection and analysis consist of preevaluation and postevaluation of students' Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) using the Transition Requirements Checklist and include statistical analyses to evaluate the concept of “compliance” as reflected in the IEP content. Findings indicated (a) an overall increase in the frequency of IEP transition items that meet Individuals With Disabilities Education Act requirements and (b) general improvement between expected and observed frequencies of the 32 items from initial to follow-up review. Patterns of change vary considerably. More than half of the items were “in compliance” at prereview and postreview while others remained missing, changed from missing to present, or from present to missing. This article raises questions about the complexity of evaluating such a model and the kinds of information states an...
New Perspectives in Pollination Biology: Floral Fragrances. A day in the life of a linalool molecule: Chemical communication in a plant‐pollinator system. Part 1: Linalool biosynthesis in flowering plants

The monoterpene alcohol, linalool, is present in the soral fragrance of diverse plant families and is attractive to a broad spectrum of pollinators, herbivores and parasitoids. Floral emission of linalool has evolved de novo in the fragrant, moth-pollinated annual Clarkia breweri (Gray) Greene (Onagraceae) through a combination of up-regulation and ectopic expression of its biosynthetic enzyme, linalool synthase (LIS), in conjunction with allometric size increases in all soral organs. Linalool synthase activity and linalool emissions are 1000-fold lower in a sibling species, C. concinna (Fischer & Meyer) Greene, that is diurnally pollinated. Linalool synthase expression is spatially and temporally regulated during C. breweri sower development, immediately precedes free linalool emission and is absent from nonsoral tissues. Its activity is highest in the style, but most of the linalool product appears to be converted to the pyranoid and furanoid linalool oxides. The LIS structural gene is a member of the terpene synthase gene family, sharing sequence identity with two discrete classes, represented by limonene synthase (LMS) and copalyl pyrophosphate synthase (CPS). Genetic crosses between C. breweri and C. concinna indicate that strong linalool emission segregates as a dominant mendelian trait, whereas the inheritance of linalool oxide formation is more complex, suggesting epistatic biosynthetic pathway interactions. We discuss areas for future research, including comparative studies of linalool biosynthesis in different plant families, entrainment of linalool emission to nocturnal circadian rhythms and the induction of vegetative linalool as an indirect herbivore defense.
The chemokine CCL21 protects normal marrow progenitors from Ara-C cytotoxicity.

Abstract Purpose. Chemokines are a family of small proteins that regulate leukocyte infiltration into inflamed tissue and play key roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Some chemokines can also reversibly inhibit the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors. We have previously found that the chemokine CCL21 (Exodus-2/SLC/6Ckine/TCA4) is a potent inhibitor of the proliferation of normal hematopoietic progenitors. In this study we sought to determine whether this inhibition of proliferation could be therapeutically exploited by protecting normal marrow progenitors from the cytotoxicity of the S phase-active chemotherapeutic agent Ara-C. Methods. Untreated and CCL21-pretreated mice were given doses of Ara-C that are toxic to marrow myeloid progenitors. The recovery of these myeloid progenitors was analyzed by colony formation assays. Results. It was found that pretreatment with small doses of CCL21 prevented the death of normal murine marrow progenitors from the toxic effects of Ara-C. Conclusions. The chemokine CCL21 may be able to prevent Ara-C myelosuppression during acute leukemia induction chemotherapy, and thereby decrease morbidity and mortality of such therapy, and shorten hospital stays.
Two-color pyrometric imaging of laser-heated carbon particles in a supersonic flow

Abstract We perform two-color pyrometry on the images of incandescence obtained by pulsed laser heating carbon particles that are generated by laser vaporization of graphite in a supersonic expansion of helium. Superheated particles ( T ≈4500 K) cool initially to T ⩽4000 K by rapid vaporization. Subsequent cooling occurs via collisions with the carrier gas or by slow radiative cooling. In addition, we obtain quasi-instantaneous two-dimensional images that reveal the volume fraction of particles in the flow.
Krüppel-like factor 5 promotes mitosis by activating the cyclin B1/Cdc2 complex during oncogenic Ras-mediated transformation

We previously showed that the zinc finger-containing transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is important in mediating transformation by oncogenic H-Ras through induction of cyclin D1 expression and acceleration of the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. Here we present evidence of a role for KLF5 in accelerating mitotic entry in H-Ras-transformed NIH3T3 fibroblasts. When compared with non-transformed parental NIH3T3 cells, H-Ras-transformed fibroblasts exhibit an increase in mitotic index, levels of cyclin B1 and Cdc2, and cyclin B1/Cdc2 kinase activity. Inhibition of KLF5 expression in H-Ras-transformed cells with KLF5-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) results in a decrease in each of the aforementioned parameters, with a concomitant reduction in the transforming potential of the cells. Conversely, over-expression of KLF5 in NIH3T3 cells leads to an increase in the promoter activity of the genes encoding cyclin B1 and Cdc2. These results indicate that KLF5 accelerates mitotic entry in H-Ras-transformed cells by transcriptionally activating cyclin B1 and Cdc2, which leads to an increase in cyclin B1/Cdc2 kinase activity. Extending our previous observation that KLF5 activates cyclin D1 transcription to promote G1/S transition, our current results further support a crucial function for KLF5 in mediating cellular transformation caused by oncogenic H-Ras.