cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AN ECO-ENGINEERING MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE TRAFFIC CONGESTION FEE

Traffic congestion is becoming a problem all over the world and physical expansion of road networks is becoming not the best option due to cost and other reasons. This paper considers the option of a congestion pricing model and explains its rationale and parametric estimation. The case of a city is studied to reflect on the potential of data collection mechanisms and public participation and awareness.
Temporal orientation, human movement responses and time estimation.

Summary The relationship between temporal orientation, human movement (M) responses on the Barron inkblots, and brief time estimates was investigated. Knapp's Time Metaphor Test and the Barron inkblots were administered to 110 Ss. 40 Ss were selected on the basis of their scores on the Time Metaphor Test to participate in an individual time estimation experiment This produced two criterion groups: 20 Dynamic-Hasty (D-H) Ss and 20 Naturalist-Passive (N-P) Ss. Results indicated that N-P Ss had a lower M threshold, perceived more M and overestimated the passage of time. Discussion focused on the relationship between temporal orientation, fantasy behavior, and impulse control.
Stability of acid phosphatase of fetal red blood cells during incubation with acetylphenylhydrazine.

Summary Incubation of red blood cells (RBC) in vitro with acetylphenylhydrazine and without glucose produced an inactivation of acid phosphatase which was more marked in the fetal RBC than in the RBC from maternal blood. The fall in reduced glutathione (GSH) during incubation was more rapid in fetal than in maternal RBC. In each instance the fall in GSH preceded that in acid phosphatase and the two phenomena were very well correlated. The faster inactivation of acid phosphatase in the fetal RBC could be due to the higher total concentration of GSH and to its decreased stability in fetal RBC. The stability of acid phosphatase seemed to increase in red blood cells from infants 3 days old. This finding could indicate a certain degree of heterogeneity in the fetal RBC population at birth and a rapid selection in favor of those RBC which are more fit for the new biochemical environment after birth.
Does Cardiopulmonary Bypass Alone Elicit Myoprotective Preconditioning

Background Brief episodes of ischemia can precondition myocardium. Ischemic preconditioning (PC) has been proposed as an adjuvant method of improving myocardial protection during cardiac surgery. It is unknown whether CPB without an episode of ischemia generates the PC response. Methods and Results To prove that PC occurs in sheep, groups 1 (non-CPB control) and 2 (non-CPB ischemic PC, three 5-minute episodes of normothermic regional ischemia) were studied. Groups 3 (CPB alone), 4 (CPB–alpha receptor blockade, phentolamine 5 mg/kg), and 5 (CPB–adenosine receptor blockade, 8-sulfophenyltheophylline 5 mg/kg) were placed on CPB for 30 minutes and subsequently weaned. All groups underwent 60 minutes of normothermic regional ischemia and 150 minutes of reperfusion. The area at risk (AR) was delineated by Monastryl blue pigment, whereas the infarct size (IS) was determined by tetrazolium staining. Body mass, left ventricular mass, and AR were not different between groups. Ischemic PC was demonstrated in this ov...
Alcohol and Pancreas

This 'Pancreatology and the Web' follows the theme of the current special issue of Pancreatology on alcohol and the pancreas. Some websites are highlighted which address topics from basic information on alcohol-induced pancreatitis to alcohol-research-related funding opportunities to policies that must be considered when in the field of alcohol-related pancreas research.
Specification of the mouse cardiac conduction system in the absence of Endothelin signaling

Coordinated contraction of the heart is essential for survival and is regulated by the cardiac conduction system. Contraction of ventricular myocytes is controlled by the terminal part of the conduction system known as the Purkinje fiber network. Lineage analyses in chickens and mice have established that the Purkinje fibers of the peripheral ventricular conduction system arise from working myocytes during cardiac development. It has been proposed, based primarily on gain-of-function studies, that Endothelin signaling is responsible for myocyte-to-Purkinje fiber transdifferentiation during avian heart development. However, the role of Endothelin signaling in mammalian conduction system development is less clear, and the development of the cardiac conduction system in mice lacking Endothelin signaling has not been previously addressed. Here, we assessed the specification of the cardiac conduction system in mouse embryos lacking all Endothelin signaling. We found that mouse embryos that were homozygous null for both ednra and ednrb, the genes encoding the two Endothelin receptors in mice, were born at predicted Mendelian frequency and had normal specification of the cardiac conduction system and apparently normal electrocardiograms with normal QRS intervals. In addition, we found that ednra expression within the heart was restricted to the myocardium while ednrb expression in the heart was restricted to the endocardium and coronary endothelium. By establishing that ednra and ednrb are expressed in distinct compartments within the developing mammalian heart and that Endothelin signaling is dispensable for specification and function of the cardiac conduction system, this work has important implications for our understanding of mammalian cardiac development.
Attitudes toward Surveys: Development of a Measure and Its Relationship to Respondent Behavior

Attitudes toward surveys were conceptualized as having two relatively independent components: feelings about the act of completing a survey, called survey enjoyment, and perceptions of the value of survey research, called survey value. After developing a psychometrically sound measure, the authors examined how the measure related to respondent behaviors that directly impact the quality and quantity of data collected in surveys. With the exception of a response distortion index, survey enjoyment was generally related to all the respondent behaviors studied (item response rates, following directions, volunteering to participate in other survey research, timeliness of a response to a survey request, and willingness to participate in additional survey research). Survey value was related to item response rates, following directions, and willingness to participate in additional survey research. A respondent motivation and intentions explanation is provided. Although the identified effect sizes were generally sm...
The Politics of Nietzsche's Philosophy: Nihilism, Culture and Power

This article sketches an approach to what might be called the politics of Nietzsche's philosophy. Taking as its point of departure Nietzsche's diagnosis of nihilism in Western culture, the article aims to show that through his analysis of nihilism Nietzsche raises in an intrinsically political way the philosophical issue of how human agency is possible in an historical world. The methodology Nietzsche follows in constructing the problem provides a second arena of interest for political theory and philosophy. A critical dimension in Nietzsche's thought comparable to Marx's stems from the manner in which he related nihilism—a crisis of power manifest as a failure of self-understanding—to political experiences and reified cultural practices. Finally, the article concludes that Nietzsche could arrive at his overt politics only by combining his critical analysis of nihilism, culture, and power with uncritical assumptions about the modern determinants of nihilism.
Control of T(FH) differentiation by a microRNA cluster.

The generation of T cell–dependent humoral immunity is regulated by the miR-17∼92 cluster of microRNAs through their influence on the differentiation and function of follicular helper T cells.
Response of Perennial Cool-Season Grasses to Clipping in the Southern Plains

Many forage-livestock systems in the Southern Plains depend on the use of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) to support rapid gains of growing beef cattle (Bos taurus L.) from November through May. Complementing these annuals with cool-season perennial grasses could reduce inputs and soil erosion, but these perennial grasses have not been extensively tested under dryland conditions in this region. We determined the production potential and response to dipping of four Triticeae grasses under dryland conditions on a Grandfield fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Typic Haplustalf). 'Barton' western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Love], 'Luna' intermediate wheatgrass [Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski subsp. intermedia ], 'Jose' tall wheatgrass [Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski], and 'Bozoisky-Select' Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski] were harvested at either 10 or 15 cm at 30-, 45-, or 60-d intervals. Forage production was different among species in only 1 of 3 yr. Despite above-average winter and spring precipitation, production declined for all grasses over years, averaging 2270, 1860, and 880 kg ha -1 in 1998, 1999, and 2000, respectively. There were no consistent differences in crude protein or in vitro digestible dry matter concentrations among the wheatgrasses. Crude protein concentration was higher for Russian wildrye in April and June but higher for the wheatgrasses in May. In vitro digestible dry matter was lower for Russian wildrye in May compared with the wheatgrasses. Warm-season grasses invaded all plots over years. Western wheatgrass was most resistant to invasion. Intermediate and tall wheatgrasses were not adapted to the conditions of this study, and any further research should focus on western wheatgrass or Russian wildrye.
The role of cytochrome P450 lysine residues in the interaction between cytochrome P450IA1 and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase

Cytochrome P450IA1 (purified from hepatic microsomes of β-naphthoflavone-treated rats) has been covalently modified with the lysine-modifying reagent acetic anhydride. Different levels of lysine residue modification in cytochrome P450IA1 can be achieved by varying the concentration of acetic anhydride. Modification of lysine residues in P450IA1 greatly inhibits the interaction of P450IA1 with NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase. Modification of 1.0 and 3.3 mol lysine residues per mole P450IA1 resulted in 30 and 95% decreases, respectively, in 7-ethoxycoumarin hydroxylation by a reconstituted P450IA1/reductase complex. However, modification of 3.3 mol lysine residues per mole P450IA1 decreased only cumene hydroperoxide-supported P450-dependent 7-ethoxycoumarin hydroxylation by 30%. Spectral and fluorescence studies showed no indication of global conformational change of P450IA1 even with up to 8.8 mol lysine residues modified per mole P450IA1. These data suggest that at least three lysine residues in P450IA1 may be involved in the interaction with reductase. Identification of lysine residues in P450IA1 possibly involved in this interaction was carried out by [14C]acetic anhydride modification, trypsin digestion, HPLC separation, and amino acid sequencing. The lysine residue candidates identified in this manner were K97, K271, K279, and K407.
A strategic approach to building online customer loyalty: integrating customer profitability tiers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a strategic framework to managing online loyalty.Design/methodology/approach – The paper integrates concepts including a range of recently published (1993‐2006) theoretical works in consumer loyalty and ongoing case developments in internet practice.Findings – Provides information and action approaches to consumer marketers that may increase the success providing want satisfying market offerings. Outlines the costs and benefits of some online customer loyalty building practices. By integrating the literature supporting lifetime customer value with the literature concerned with generating online customer relationships, it provides a pathway to profitable relationships. It also exposes the unintended problems that some online customer loyalty initiatives may create.Research limitations/implications – The theoretical concepts that form the foundation of the paper appear to have a significant application to consumer marketing but have not been tested empirical...
Detailed measurements and shaping of gate profiles for microchannel-plate-based x-ray framing cameras

Gated, microchannel-plate-based (MCP) framing cameras are increasingly used worldwide for x-ray imaging of subnanosecond laser-plasma phenomena. Large dynamic range (> 1,000) measurements of gain profiles for gated microchannel plates (MCP) are presented. Temporal profiles are reconstructed for any point on the microstrip transmission line from data acquired over many shots with variable delay. No evidence for significant pulse distortion by voltage reflections at the ends of the microstrip is observed. The measured profiles compare well to predictions by a time-dependent discrete dynode model down to the 1% level. The calculations do overestimate the contrast further into the temporal wings. The role of electron transit time dispersion in limiting the minimum achievable gate duration is then investigated by using variable duration flattop gating pulses. A minimum gate duration of 50 ps is achieved with flattop gating, consistent with a fractional transit time spread of {approx} 15%.
Microarrays in pharmacogenomics--advances and future promise.

With their ability to provide global views of genome sequence and gene activity, microarrays have emerged as key analytical tools in the field of pharmacogenomics. Vast amounts of data must be collected and analyzed to meet pharmacogenomics’ ambitious goals, ranging from identifying markers that predict individuals’ responses to therapy to discovering new drug targets. Microarrays will be instrumental to these efforts because they provide bountiful sources of gene expression and genotypic data. Attesting to their productivity, microarrays have been the central technology used in thousands of peer-reviewed publications and have also become important contributors to many databases including PharmGKB, the Cancer Microarray Database and the database of single nucleotide polymorphisms (dbSNP). Microarrays are also making more focused contributions, however, in helping pursue hypothesis-driven inquiries that extend or complement broad genomic surveys. In addition, their potential as clinical tools is being incr...
Rheology, friction, and heat transfer study of a discontinuously shear-thickening antimisting polymer solution

Abstract Measurements of the viscosity of an antimisting polymer solution in capillaries indicated that this fluid exhibits a complex non-Newtonian nature involving both shear-thinning at low shear rate and abrupt time-dependent shear-thickening past a critical shear rate. Various parameters such as concentration, aging, photodegradation, intentional mechanical degradation, and temperature were shown to have unexpectedly similar effects on the viscous characteristics of the fluid. Extensive friction and heat transfer measurements were also carried out, and it was found that meaningful correlations for these results can be developed if an adequate apparent viscosity model is used for the computations. In particular, all fluid properties must be evaluated at the inner wall temperature, and both the gelation and degradation induced in the test tube itself must be taken into account. It was then possible to show that this peculiar fluid is in fact an asymptotic drag and heat transfer reducer, even though it exhibits dramatic discontinuous shear-thickening characteristics. Various turbulent flow results are presented that were obtained under fully-developed conditions as well as in the very long entrance region observed. It was additionally verified that after severe degradation this fluid can revert to a Newtonian nature as evidenced by its viscosity, friction, and heat transfer properties.
Equivalent conditions on stability of functional differential equations

where X,(s) = X(t + s) for -h 0 and each 4 E C, there is at least one solution X( t,, 4) satisfying (1) on an interval [to, to + a) with value at t denoted by X(t, t,, 4). Moreover, if there is an H, < H and if IX(t, to, d)l < H, for all t 2 to for which X(to, 4) can be defined, then tl = co. Details may be found in [2, 7, 8, 111, for example. Throughout this paper we work with wedges, denoted by Wi: R + --+ R + , which are continuous, strictly increasing, and which satisfy Wi(0) = 0. These wedges are related to properties of continuous scalar functionals (called Liapunov functionals) V: R + x C, + R + which are differentiated along solutions of (1) by the relation
A Comparative Performance Analysis of New Wave Food Cooperatives and Private Food Stores

The purpose of this study was to determine what “new wave” store front food cooperatives offer their patrons, relative to private grocery stores. A marketbasket price survey of 73 non-meat food items was conducted at 10 cooperatives and eight private stores in the Minneapolis/St. Paul Area in 1981. Consumer satisfaction was examined via a mail questionnaire returned by 1,089 patrons of both store types. A new kind of food cooperative shopper was identified, the minor user. Minor users were more recent cooperative patrons and more closely resembled a traditional, established, middle-class family. Unlike the more traditional co-op user, price was the most important store choice criterion for the minor user. Cooperatives were judged by their patrons to be performing slightly less satisfactorily than private stores. However, the two store types were not found to differ in their performance of the two functions most important to consumers, i.e., price and quality. Member shoppers at a cooperative could save 15 percent, or about $290 per year for the average household, a return on a typical member's work contribution of $6.04 per hour.
Effects of Intraoperative Progress Reports on Anxiety of Elective Surgical Patients' Family Members:

The purpose of this experimental study was to examine the effects of intraoperative progress reports on family members' state anxiety level (STAI S-Anxiety), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate during elective surgical procedures. Family members of randomly selected surgical patients were eligible to participate. Control group family members (n = 50) received usual care. Family members in the experimental group (n = 50) received a 5- to 10-minute progress report protocol about halfway through a surgical procedure. Families' STAI S-Anxiety scores, MAP, and heart rates were compared between the control and experimental groups using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Family members in the experimental group reported lower STAI S-Anxiety scores (p < .001), and had significantly lower MAP and heart rates than did the control group (p < .001). Progress reports appear to be a beneficial nursing intervention for reducing anxiety in family members during the irtraoperative period.
Effects of Clonidine in Women with Fecal Incontinence

Background & Aims Some women with urge-predominant fecal incontinence (FI) have diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and a stiffer and hypersensitive rectum. We evaluated the effects of the α2-adrenergic agonist clonidine on symptoms and anorectal functions in women with FI in a prospective, placebo-controlled trial. Methods We assessed bowel symptoms and anorectal functions (anal pressures, rectal compliance, and sensation) in 43 women (age, 58 ± 2 y) with urge-predominant FI, randomly assigned to groups given oral clonidine (0.1 mg, twice daily) or placebo for 4 weeks. Before and after administration of the medication, anal pressures were evaluated by manometry, and rectal compliance and sensation were measured using a barostat. Anal sphincter injury was evaluated by endoanal magnetic resonance imaging. Bowel symptoms were recorded in daily and weekly diaries. The primary end point was the FI and Constipation Assessment symptom severity score. Results FI scores decreased from 9.1 ± 0.3 to 7.6 ± 0.5 among subjects given placebo and from 8.1 ± 0.4 to 6.5 ± 0.6 among patients given clonidine. Clonidine did not affect FI symptom severity, bowel symptoms (stool consistency or frequency), anal pressures, rectal compliance, or sensation compared with placebo. However, when baseline data were used to categorize subjects as those with or without diarrhea, clonidine reduced the proportion of loose stools in patients with diarrhea only ( P = .018). Clonidine also reduced the proportion of days with FI in patients with diarrhea ( P = .0825). Conclusions Overall, clonidine did not affect bowel symptoms, fecal continence, or anorectal functions, compared with placebo, in women with urge-predominant FI. Among patients with diarrhea, clonidine increased stool consistency, with a borderline significant improvement in fecal continence. ClinicalTrials.gov, Number NCT00884832.
Visualizing and classifying multiple solutions to engineering design problems

In engineering design courses, many problems have a specification that the student's implementation must meet, but give the student a broad range of freedom for the internal design of that implementation. There may be several distinct, correct strategies for solving them, some of which may be unknown to the teaching staff or intelligent tutor designer. Visualizing and classifying the multiple solutions that students generate in response to assigned engineering design problems will improve hints and answers to students' questions, whether they are provided by peers, staff, or automation. I log incremental snapshots of students' solutions as they progress toward correct and incorrect solutions. Initial investigations demonstrate that the choice of features to represent solutions is critical, and may be domain- or problem-dependent.
The use of mutation in testing experiments and its sensitivity to external threats

Mutation analysts has emerged as a standard approach for empirical assessment of testing techniques. The test practitioners decide about cost-effectiveness of testing strategies based on the number of mutants the testing techniques detect. Though fundamental rigor to empirical software testing, the use of mutants in the absence of real-world faults has raised the concern of whether mutants and real faults exhibit similar properties. This paper revisits this important concern and disseminates interesting findings regarding mutants and whether these synthetic faults can predict fault detection ability of test suites. The results of controlled experiments conducted in this paper show that mutation when used in testing experiments is highly sensitive to external threats caused by some influential factors including mutation operators, test suite size, and programming languages. This paper raises the awareness message of the use of mutation in testing experiment and suggests that any interpretation or generalization of experimental findings based on mutation should be justified according to the influential factors involved.
Economic citizenship and the rhetoric of gourmet coffee

(1999). Economic citizenship and the rhetoric of gourmet coffee. Rhetoric Review: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 112-127.
Acute toxicity to fish of solutions containing complex metal cyanides, in relation to concentrations of molecular hydrocyanic acid

Abstract Published indirect evidence indicating that the toxicity of solutions of complex metal cyanides to fish is a function of the concentration of molecular (not ionized) HCN is reviewed. The striking influence of pH on the toxicity of the nickelocyanide complex could be explained only by assuming that HCN is the toxic factor. Recent re-evaluation of the dissociation constant of the tetracyanonickelate (II) ion, which showed previously accepted values to be grossly inaccurate and the true value to be in close agreement with an estimate based on toxicological data and theory, has confirmed the above interpretation of toxicity test results. By means of a recently published method for determination of molecular HCN by gas-liquid chromatography, it was possible to demonstrate conclusively that this factor virtually alone determined the acute toxicity to bluegills of various solutions of simple and complex cyanides. Median immobilization times for bluegills in the solutions varied independently of total cy...
Distributed Feedback GaAs/GaAlAs Diode Lasers

Within the last few years GaAs/GaAlAs heterostructure laser diodes have been developed which are capable of continuous operation at 300°K and above for prolonged periods of time.(1-5) These lasers are suitable for a variety of uses including fiber optic communication, optical scanning, and writing of high density optical memories. However, in order to take full advantage of the small size and increase the utility of the devices in complex systems, it is desirable to be able to integrate these lasers into a monolithic optical circuit. The distributed feedback, a (DFB) laser presents just such an opportunity.© (1976) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
An Examination of Conscience

Petty illness, trifling fever, transient myalgias had led me to something more: a desperate need to hold on to that something that is the very essence of doctoring.
Solidification and microstructure analysis of rapidly solidified melt-spun Al-Fe alloys

Aluminum-iron alloys with Fe contents of up to 8 wt pct were rapidly quenched from the melt using the planar-flow melt-spinning technique. Microstructural changes that occur across the thickness of melt-spun ribbons were investigated as a function of initial melt composition and ribbon thickness. A transition exhibiting a dramatic change in the cell spacing from a microcellular to a coarse cellular region was observed for all the alloys examined. For a given alloy, the volume fraction of the microcellular region decreases significantly with increasing ribbon thickness. A theoretical explanation for the observed behavior is presented in which the heat flow and solidification characteristics are related to the undercooling achieved before the onset of nucleation.
Wireless reliable messaging protocol for Web services (WS-WRM)

By employing Web services technology, the grid system is evolving to be more manageable service infrastructure, including lifetime management, discovery of characteristics, and notifications. Reliable messaging is one of the key issues addressed for quality of services in Web services. In this paper, we propose a reliable message scheme designed for mobile environments in the context of a Web services architecture; Web services-Wireless Reliable Messaging (WS-WRM). We also consider the federation issues with emerging specifications proposed by leading Web services standard groups. We eventually intend to extend the reliability to mobile end-nodes in a more efficient way. In this paper, we address the design issues and describe the detailed scheme of messaging architecture.
Capillary liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography using silica hydride stationary phases

Abstract A hydride-based octadecyl stationary phase on both 4.0 and 1.8 μm silica particles is tested in both the capillary LC and the pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) modes. These two materials are compared to standard C18 stationary phase made by organosilanization and to the hydride material packed into a convention 4.6 mm I.D. column. The performance of the capillary columns is evaluated in terms of analysis times for various mixtures as well as efficiency. Of particular interest are the differences between the LC mode where only laminar flow is present and pCEC operation where a flat electrodriven flow profile is superimposed on the parabolic pressurized flow. Differences in performance between columns packed with 4.0 and 1.8 μm particle silica are also evaluated.
Measuring Universal Design: Case of the Bathroom

Universal design is a very new area of design research. Because it has its roots in the design for disability or design for the aged, there is a belief that universal design is same thing, a new buzzword for an old idea. In reality, universal design is very different from both of them. Never before has a research clarified the differences between accessible and universal design. This pioneering research in the field of universal design uses empirical methods to evaluate bathroom designs and draw distinctions between universal and accessible environments. Measuring Universal Design is part of a research and development project, The Universal Bathroom. Its results provide information about the properties that make environments accessible or universal.
Police and Citizen Value Systems: Some Cross‐sectional Comparisons

Rokeach, Miller, and Snyder (1971) have reported evidence for a “value gap” between samples of police and citizens in the midwest. The objectives of the present study were: (1) to examine the generality of this finding for another section of the country, the southeast; (2) to extend the analysis from the comparisons of individual values to the comparison of configurations of values between police and citizens; and (3) to compare the police sample from the Rokeach et al. study with the police sample from this study. The Rokeach Value Survey was administered to 104 South Carolina police officers and to 316 citizens sampled in a variety of South Carolina community settings. Group comparisons were made on the rank ordered individual values using the median test. In addition, group median rank orders were compared using the Spearman correlation. The results for the individual values generally supported the findings of Rokeach et al. (1971). For the value configurations, the police-community correlations were uniformly high, indicating general agreement on the relative order of most values. Results of the cross-sectional comparison of police samples revealed a very high degree of correspondance for both individual values and configurations.
TROUT PREDATORS AND DEMOGRAPHIC SOURCES AND SINKS IN A MAYFLY METAPOPULATION

Habitat patches often differ in environmental conditions, and the degree of environmental heterogeneity among patches is thought to influence population dynamics at the regional (metapopulation) scale. In a previous study, I found evidence of a source- sink dynamic in a metapopulation of the mayfly Callibaetis ferrugineus hagenioccupying beaver ponds with or without brook trout predators, where adult females frequently dis- persed among ponds, and frequently oviposited in ponds with trout. Here, I tested the hypothesis that trout create habitat sinks by manipulating trout densities and estimating local population growth rates (l )o fCallibaetis. In addition, Callibaetis emergence rates were estimated in the mayfly generation before the manipulation. Among ponds, l ranged from 0.062 to 2.631, and nine Monte Carlo simulations scenarios revealed that four ponds had l significantly below replacement (sinks) while the presence of source ponds was less conclusive. The manipulation of trout did not result in a detectable treatment effect, perhaps because of low statistical power resulting from high within-treatment variation in trout densities. However, point estimates of l and emergence rates were negatively and expo- nentially related to trout density, such that nearly all ponds with more than 1 trout/100 m 2 were sinks. Further, multiple regression analyses were consistent with the hypothesis that trout reduced l and emergence rates, while other biotic and abiotic factors did not provide explanatory power. The results support the hypothesis that source-sink population dynamics may be common in freshwater habitats, and that prey metapopulation dynamics may be predicted from the distribution of predators, prey movement and habitat selection behaviors, and factors influencing the outcome of predator-prey interactions.
An Afrocentric Critique or the Locating of Dislocation: An Example From Contemporary Practice

Black Studies as Human Studies, a contemporary literary work identified as an African American Studies text, is the focus of this article. That drive to humanize suggested in the title of Joyce's b...
Medical terminology coding systems and medicolegal death investigation data: searching for a standardized method of electronic coding at a statewide medical examiner's office.

: Medical examiner and coroner reports are a rich source of data for epidemiologic research. To maximize the utility of this information, medicolegal death investigation data need to be electronically coded. In order to determine the best option for coding, we evaluated four different options (Current Procedural Terminology [CPT], International Classification of Disease [ICD] coding, Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms [SNOMED CT], and an in-house system), then conducted internal and external needs assessments to determine which system best met the needs of a centralized, statewide medical examiner’s office. Although all four systems offer distinct advantages and disadvantages, SNOMED CT is the most accurate for coding pathologic diagnoses, with ICD-10 the best option for classifying the cause of death. For New Mexico’s Office of the Medical Investigator, the most feasible coding option is an upgrade of an in-house coding system, followed by linkage to ICD codes for cause of death from the New Mexico Bureau of Vital Records and Health Statistics, and ideally, SNOMED classification of pathologic diagnoses.
Murine Endothelia Do not Express MHC Class II I-Eα Subunit and Differentially Regulate I-Aα Expression along the Vascular Tree

Cellular elements of the vascular wall, such as endothelium (En) and smooth muscle cells/pericytes (SM/P) possess important immunologic properties. We have previously reported that murine brain microvessel En cells and SM/P express Major Histocompatibility (MHC) class II molecules and activate syngeneic CD4+ T cells in a class II dependent way. Herein we compare MHC class II expression on brain microvessel En to aorta large vessel En cells in order to explore the mechanisms of immune responses in brain tissue versus other peripheral tissues. Interestingly, we demonstrate that En cells from brain microvessel and large aortic vessel express the I-A but not the I-E subunit of MHC class II molecules. The expression of I-A class II molecules can be upregulated on brain microvessel and aortic En cells by interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Similarly, the expression of I-A, but not I-E, MHC class II molecules on brain microvessel endothelial cells was upregulated in the presence of activated T cells. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) wa...
Hill's lunar equations and the three-body problem

This paper uses the method of symplectic scaling to derive Hill’s lunar equations from the equations of the three-body problem. This derivation gives a precise asymptotic statement about the reiation between Hill’s equations and the three-body problem. It is shown that any non-degenerate periodic solution of Hill’s equation whose period is not a multiple of 272 can be continued into the full three-body problem. 1. INTR~DuC~ON
Projected population persistence of eastern hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis) using a stage-structured life-history model and population viability analysis

Abstract The population of eastern hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis) in the Blue River, Indiana has undergone a dramatic decline over the last decade. Recruitment in these declining populations has been negligible, and populations are now composed almost entirely of older age classes (upwards of 20 years old). Given this dramatic decline, it is imperative to assess the impacts of these demographic patterns on population growth and long-term stability. Therefore, we developed a stage-structured, life-history model to examine the effects of varying levels of egg, juvenile, and adult survivorship on abundance, recruitment, and long-term population projections. We performed a sensitivity analysis of the model and determine which life-history parameters have the greatest potential to increase/stabilise hellbender population growth. Finally, we conducted a population viability analysis to determine the probability of extinction associated with varying management strategies. For eastern hellbender populations in Indiana, adults (especially females) are the most important component of long-term population viability. Sensitivity and elasticity analyses of the Lefkovitch matrix revealed that survival of adult and egg/larvae life-history stages are the most important for focused management efforts. Indeed, adults had the highest elasticity and reproductive value in the matrix model. Increasing survival by as little as 20% corresponded to the turning point at which the population ceased to decline and increased abundance (28% survival of egg/larvae). The importance of the transition from subadult to adult (transitional matrix element) was identified as an additional factor in maintaining abundance based on the relatively long period spent in this life-history stage (seven years for females). A population viability analysis was conducted to assess the likelihood and projected time frame of extinction for this population under no management (∼25 years to complete extirpation; probability of extinction = 1) and if management efforts such as captive rearing and headstarting are undertaken (probability of extinction
Generation of reducing power in chemosynthesis. VI. Energy-linked reactions in the chemoautotroph,Thiobacillus neapolitanus

Electron donors such as thiosulfate, sulfite, and ascorbate have been shown to enter the respiratory chain ofT. neapolitanus at the level of cytochromec. The enzymatic oxidation of these substrates catalyzed by the cytochrome oxidase (E. C. 1.9.3.1.) ofT. neapolitanus cell-free extracts was coupled to the generation of energy which could be utilized to drive the reverse electron flow from cytochromec to pyridine nucleotides.
Politeness in Language: Studies in its History, Theory and Practice

Politeness in Language: Studies in its History, Theory and Practice. Richard J. Watts. Sachiko lde. and Konrad Ehlich. eds. Trends in Linguistics, Studies and Monographs, 59. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1992. 381 pp.
The Health Belief Model, Sexual Behaviors, and HIV Risk among Taiwanese Immigrants

In this first investigation of Taiwanese sexual behaviors in the United States, 144 Taiwanese students completed an online anonymous survey. Demographics, health belief model (HBM) constructs, and acculturation were examined as predictors of sexual behaviors over the last year. Analyses indicated that participants who reported a higher number of sexual partners and more frequent sexual intercourse tended to be more educated and more likely to be nonheterosexual. The HBM constructs, as a set, reliably predicted participants' sexual behaviors. Self-efficacy was the strongest predictor within the HBM. Furthermore, acculturation moderated the predictive power of the HBM with respect to intercourse frequency. The main limitation of the study is that the measure of HBM, which was not designed to target Asian immigrants, was psychometrically poor. The results suggest self-efficacy is a target for behavioral change, acculturation may need to be incorporated into the HBM, and more culturally sensitive measures need to be developed.
Molecular Phylogenetics of the Phyllostomid Bat Genus micronycteris with Descriptions of Two New Subgenera

We analyzed DNA sequence variation in the cytochrome-b gene and intron 7 of the nuclear fibrinogen, B beta polypeptide gene for 45 specimens of the bat genus Micronycteris, including all currently recognized species except M. sanborni. Phylogenetic analyses of both data sets supported 4 primary lineages within Micronycteris, which we recognize as subgenera: Leuconycteris new subgenus (M. brosseti), Micronycteris Gray (M. megalotis, M. microtis, M. matses, and M. giovanniae), Schizonycteris new subgenus (M. minuta, M. schimdtorum, and M. sanborni), and Xenoctenes Miller (M. hirsuta). Although we provisionally recognize the current alpha taxonomy within Micronycteris, our results did not support monophyly of M. microtis as the name is currently applied. Our results further indicate that cryptic species probably exist within the taxa currently recognized as M. megalotis and M. minuta and possibly M. hirsuta. Additional studies, including thorough geographic sampling and detailed morphological and molecular data sets, are necessary to test our genealogic hypotheses and assess the biodiversity within Micronycteris.
Intensive therapies for mantle cell lymphoma: Time for a disease-specific approach?

Therapy for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has evolved primarily through appropriation of regimens effective in other non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtypes. Poor outcomes following alkylator- and anthrac...
Dynamic Fault Imaging of VLSI Random Logic Devices

A technique is described for acquiring and imaging faults in random logic devices such as microprocessors and other VLSI chips. Logic states for both faulty and fault-free devices are imaged separately by means of stroboscopic voltage contrast in a scanning electron microscope and are then stored as incremental time sequences of images. These sequences represent the time evolution of states during a particular device test and are then compared in an image array processor. The divergences or changes between the faulty and fault-free device evolutions represent faults, which are then displayed on a color monitor. The architecture and implementation of the Dynamic Fault Imager is described. Several examples using highly-integrated microprocessors are given, including the imaging of functional failures, voltage marginalities, and critical speed path mapping. A partial classification of faults is presented, as well as a discussion of future trends. The technique appears to have wide application to solving problems in the design and manufacturing of future VLSI devices.
CLOZE SCORES OF NOMINALIZATIONS AND THEIR GRAMMATICAL TRANSFORMATIONS USING ACTIVE VERBS

Nominalized sentences were compared by means of cloze tests to their grammatical transformations using active verbs. A mean of 9.63 words per S were filled in correctly for the nominalized sentences and 10.80 for their transformations using active verbs (p < .01). These results support previous findings that the active-verb version is more comprehensible.
Characterization Of The Cellular, Biofilm And Pathogenic Properties Of Candida And Trichosporon Patient Samples Isolated At Hamad Medical Corporation.

Deep tissue fungal infections cause over 30% mortality and add over $2.6 billion to healthcare costs in the United States alone [1,2]. In Qatar, fungal infections occur in up to 16% of all patience's suffering from continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis [3]. Implanted medical devices such as artificial joints, catheters and artificial heart valves are associated with elevated rates of fungal bloodstream infections. One of the predominant causes of fungal infections is its ability to grow as a biofilm on these device surfaces [4,5]. Fungal infections are of particular concern to diabetic patients; a condition of great concern in Middle East, with diabetic rates higher then 30% in many Gulf countries [6]. The development and use of the antifungal echinocandins, which effectively treats the most prevalent pathogenic fungi C. albicans, has resulted in other less known fungi emerging as pathogenic sources of infection. With a diverse population of patients, Qatari hospitals have encountered increasing rates of infections from echinocandins resistant pathogenic fungi including Trichosporon spp., and Candida spp. (personal communications). In collaboration with Dr. Saad Taj Aldeen at Hamad Medical Center, I have received a large number of patient isolates that represent a variety of fungal species from a myriad of infection sites. Little is known about many of these different pathogenic fungi. Our specific research objectives were to better characterize this diverse collection of pathogenic fungi to enhance our understanding of the similarities and differences in biofilm formation of these fungi. In vitro biofilm formation assays have been performed and the results highlight unique differences that may explain the different rates of infections observed in the clinical setting. Understanding the different and similar mechanisms used by various fungi to form biofilms will aid in the identification of the pathogen in a host and help determine the most effective treatment. In addition, this information will provide a foundational understanding of biofilm formation and aid in the development of simple assays to support the development of novel therapies.
Stimulus reconstruction from the biphasic integrate-and-fire sampler

An algorithm to recover the encoded stimulus from a biphasic integrate-and-fire model has been proposed using the sampling framework for local averages. The algorithm converges for sparse sampling sets, common in extracellular neural recordings. Moreover, the spike region can be recovered with up to 50 dB accuracy even though the instantaneous and overall pulse rates are below the Nyquist bound.
Enhancing and Measuring Organizational Capacity: Assessing the Results of the U.S. Department of Justice Rural Pilot Program Evaluation

A significant goal of public administrators in this era of shrinking public funds has been to find ways to enhance and measure organizational capacity and sustainability with minimal outlays of resources. One attempt to address this goal was the Rural Pilot Program, funded by the Office of Violence Against Women in the U.S. Department of Justice. Based on the evaluation of the program, this article (1) describes how capacity was measured, (2) discusses the validation and utility of a self-administered instrument, and (3) examines whether and to what extent organizational capacity is enhanced by an intermediary funding model. Modest positive changes were found in two areas—organizational staffing and information technology—but no changes were found in other areas. The article concludes with recommendations for designing future programs to enhance capacity and sustainability and for public administrators and grant makers in utilizing self-administered capacity instruments.
Laminoplasty: Indication, techniques, and complications

Abstract This review focuses on the laminoplasty technique and the associated indications and contraindications that can help the clinician select the appropriate patient to allow for a successful outcome. Also, common positioning and intraoperative techniques are reported that can help the surgeon perform a successful procedure. Finally, common postoperative surgical complications are highlighted and strategies to avoid them are also discussed.
The feedback adaptive line enhancer: a constrained IIR adaptive filter

A new adaptive line enhancer (ALE) structure, called the Feedback ALE (FALE), is presented and is shown to be a constrained W adaptive filter. Extensive simulations show that the FALE gives a higher sine-to-broadband ratio (SBR) gain and smaller sine estimation error than does an equal-order ALE; conversely, the order of the FALE can be much low er than the ALE to achieve equivalent performance. >