cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using Control Charts to Monitor Process and Product Quality Profiles

The use of control charts is considered for situations in which the quality of a process or product is better characterized by a relationship between a response variable and one or more explanatory variables than by use of a univariate quality character..
Computer Performance Modeling Handbook

review of licensees' codes and performance of audit calculations, and resolution of other Further information about obtaining these computer codes can be found by The capability exists to model thermal hydraulic phenomena in both The toolbox is essentially an electronic handbook with limited computational. bining performance and reliability. In this case, the performance levels can be incorporated into the failure-repair model to study overall system behavior. Computer Science Principles performance tasks and AP Exam. ▷ develop models and simulations of natural and artificial phenomena, use them.
Rings, Modules, and Algebras in Stable Homotopy Theory

Introduction Prologue: the category of ${\mathbb L}$-spectra Structured ring and module spectra The homotopy theory of $R$-modules The algebraic theory of $R$-modules $R$-ring spectra and the specialization to $MU$ Algebraic $K$-theory of $S$-algebras $R$-algebras and topological model categories Bousfield localizations of $R$-modules and algebras Topological Hochschild homology and cohomology Some basic constructions on spectra Spaces of linear isometries and technical theorems The monadic bar construction Epilogue: The category of ${\mathbb L}$-spectra under $S$ Appendix A. Twisted half-smash products and function spectra Bibliography Index.
Management of CASE technology

A proposal for the establishment of a framework for the efficient introduction of ongoing support of CASE (computer-aided software engineering) technology for medium- and large-sized organizations is presented. The major components of the organization are: a director of software engineering technology; a software engineering technology center; and a software engineering council. Each of these components is described. >
Pleura: Anatomy, Physiology, and Disorders

Disorders of the pleura and pleural space reflect some of the oldest diseases encountered in surgical history. Hippocrates described the symptoms of empyema 2400 years ago: “Empyema may be recognized by the following symptoms: In the first place the fever is constant, less during the day and greater at night, and copious sweats supervene. There is a desire to cough and the patient expectorates nothing worth mentioning.” He also described an open drainage procedure: “When the fifteenth day after rupture has appeared, prepare a warm bath, set him upon a stool, which is not wobbly, someone should hold his hands, then shake him by the shoulders and listen to see on which side a noise is heard. And right at this place, preferably on the left, make an incision, then it produces death more rarely.”1,2 Beyond providing less-wobbly stools, few advances were made for more than 2000 years that allowed surgeons to routinely enter the pleural cavity, the fear being a potentially fatal pneumothorax. With the advent of positive pressure ventilation in the early 1900s, pneumothorax was no longer a prohibitive risk, and the era of surgical intervention in the pleural cavity had begun.3
Chromosomal aberration gradients in Tradescantia anthers

Abstract Inflorescences were X-irradiated for one minute at 400 r/min in atmospheres of helium, 100 per cent oxygen, 5 per cent oxygen with 95 per cent helium or with 95 per cent CO, and 20 per cent oxygen with 80 per cent helium or with 80 per cent CO, fixed 96 hr later in Craf fixative, then sectioned and stained in crystal violet. After the sections were projected and traced, cells in metaphase of the first microscore division were identified, their position in the cross-section of the anther marked, examined subsequently under oil immersion for chromosomal aberrations of the ring and dicentric types and recorded as aberrations occurring in the outer or inner regions of the tissue. Materials irradiated in the various gases gave aberration yields per cell, in outer and inner regions respectively, of: 0·74 and 0·44 in 5 per cent oxygen, 0·85 and 0·61 in 20 per cent oxygen, 0·28 and 0·26 in helium, and 0·96 and 0·86 in 100 per cent oxygen. Material irradiated in the 5 per cent oxygen-helium mixture, then post-treated in CO, gave yields of 0·64 and 0·66, while the same treatment in 20 per cent oxygen-helium mixture gave 0·82 and 0·80. The aberration gradients found in the first two experiments reported here are interpreted on a metabolic gradient basis, which would influence recovery, rather than on an oxygen gradient in the tissue during irradiation, which would modify breakage.
Delayed sensory reeducation after toe-to-hand transfer

The effect of a delayed program of sensory rehabilitation was evaluated in 13 patients with a total of 22 toe-to-hand transfers. Each patient was begun on a protocol of sensory reeducation at a mean of 38 months (range 13-98 months) after the transfer. Home rehabilitation, employing a Disk-Criminator (TM) program, was monitored at monthly intervals by the therapist for a mean of 3.3 months, at which time a final evaluation of sensibility was done. Each of the 22 toe transfers improved by an average of 7 mm in static and 6 mm in moving two-point discrimination. The improvement in two-point discrimination following delayed implementation of sensory reeducation was statistically significant at the P < 0.0001 level.
Characterization of next-generation commercial surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based techniques are increasingly used for Army, first responder and defense relevant applications. Commonly SERS is used for the identification and characterization chemical and biological hazards, energetic materials and medical applications. SERS, like most Raman-based techniques is an beneficial analytical method to use in theatre as it offers many distinct advantages. SERS advantages include: straightforward sample identification, little to no sample preparation requirements, applicability in many environments, freedom from water interference, ability to be used with a variety of laser sources, and specific sample spectrum directly link to vibrations within the molecule constituents of the target. Despite all of these advantages, the ubiquitous use of SERS remains challenging in part due to the lack of a commercially available reproducible, high sensitivity and uniform substrates. In this paper, we discuss the need for more reproducible and sensitive SERS substrates and report on the characterization of next-generation commercial SERS substrates. The substrates analyzed are non-optimized prototypes, and demonstrate great potential for Army relevant sensing. The next-generation Klarite substrates are designated as the 308's and 309's. Within our testing parameters, the 308 demonstrates performance up to four orders of magnitude better than the standard Klarite when measuring a common SERS active analyte. For application to biological samples, all substrates demonstrate similar performance.
Progressive damage detection using noncontact measurements

This paper presents work in progress toward the development of a bridge condition assessment system. The system combines remote laser vibration sensing technology and a strain-energy- based damage detection algorithm. The results from vibration tests conducted on laboratory specimens with different degrees of damage are presented. The vibration signatures are acquired using Scanning Laser Vibrometers (SLV). The extracted mode shapes from these tests are then used in the damage detection algorithm. The preliminary results indicate that the strain energy differences are highly sensitive to damage, and can be used to locate and distinguish progressive damages. The combination of SLV technology and the damage detection algorithm makes remote sensing attractive for the monitoring and inspection of structures. Finite element simulation of a progressive damage at a single location is also presented to illustrate the sensitivity of the algorithm to increasing damages.
DERMOSCOPY (EPILUMINESCENCE MICROSCOPY) OF PIGMENTED SKIN LESIONS: Current Status and Evolving Trends

Dermoscopy (epiluminescence microscopy) is a noninvasive technique that is designed for in vivo microscopic examination of pigmented skin lesions, particularly for the early recognition of malignant melanoma. Since its introduction, dermoscopy technique has undergone extensive improvements; the instruments have become more readily available; and the diagnostic indications, benefits, and limitations have been better delineated. This article offers a concise review of the technique of dermoscopy, assesses the current status, and makes some predictions for future applications.
Production-Scale Methods for Intensive Culture of Walleye Fry

Abstract to date, hatchery production of fingerling walleyes Stizostedion vitreum from intensive culture systems has been limited by fry survival during the first 21 d after hatching. Recent tests of new intensive culture methods for walleye fry have shown promise, although production has been inconsistent at loading rates above 20 fry/L. The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of intensively rearing walleye fry on brine shrimp Artemia sp. at production levels with loading rates 2–3-fold greater than those in current use. After 23 d of intensive culture, our system produced more than 333,000 advanced fry (17–18 mm total length) from initial loading densities of 40 and 60 fry/L. Fry were reared on live brine shrimp in circular tanks and with equipment typically used in the hatchery production of other game fish. Fry mortality during the experiment was low, except for days 8–11, when cannibalism was prevalent. Increased feed rates and removal of cannibals were methods used to control canniba...
Computational attributes of the integral form of the equation of transfer

Difficulties can arise in radiative and neutron transport calculations when a highly anisotropic scattering phase function is present. In the presence of anisotropy, currently used numerical solutions are based on the integro-differential form of the linearized Boltzmann transport equation. This paper, departs from classical thought and presents an alternative numerical approach based on application of the integral form of the transport equation. Use of the integral formalism facilitates the following steps: a reduction in dimensionality of the system prior to discretization, the use of symbolic manipulation to augment the computational procedure, and the direct determination of key physical quantities which are derivable through the various Legendre moments of the intensity. The approach is developed in the context of radiative heat transfer in a plane-parallel geometry, and results are presented and compared with existing benchmark solutions. Encouraging results are presented to illustrate the potential of the integral formalism for computation. The integral formalism appears to possess several computational attributes which are well-suited to radiative and neutron transport calculations.
The Effect of Systematic Clinical Interventions with Cigarette Smokers on Quit Status and the Rates of Smoking-Related Primary Care Office Visits

Background The United States Public Health Service (USPHS) Guideline for Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence includes ten key recommendations regarding the identification and the treatment of tobacco users seen in all health care settings. To our knowledge, the impact of system-wide brief interventions with cigarette smokers on smoking prevalence and health care utilization has not been examined using patient population-based data. Methods and Findings Data on clinical interventions with cigarette smokers were examined for primary care office visits of 104,639 patients at 17 Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates (HVMA) sites. An operational definition of “systems change” was developed. It included thresholds for intervention frequency and sustainability. Twelve sites met the criteria. Five did not. Decreases in self-reported smoking prevalence were 40% greater at sites that achieved systems change (13.6% vs. 9.7%, p<.01). On average, the likelihood of quitting increased by 2.6% (p<0.05, 95% CI: 0.1%–4.6%) per occurrence of brief intervention. For patients with a recent history of current smoking whose home site experienced systems change, the likelihood of an office visit for smoking-related diagnoses decreased by 4.3% on an annualized basis after systems change occurred (p<0.05, 95% CI: 0.5%–8.1%). There was no change in the likelihood of an office visit for smoking-related diagnoses following systems change among non-smokers. Conclusions The clinical practice data from HVMA suggest that a systems approach can lead to significant reductions in smoking prevalence and the rate of office visits for smoking-related diseases. Most comprehensive tobacco intervention strategies focus on the provider or the tobacco user, but these results argue that health systems should be included as an integral component of a comprehensive tobacco intervention strategy. The HVMA results also give us an indication of the potential health impacts when meaningful use core tobacco measures are widely adopted.
Procedural and statistical methods in the use of the two-flash threshold

The major recent procedures in the assessment of the two-flash threshold are reviewed, including the method of limits, a modified method of limits, method of constant stimuli, and methods based on signal detection theory. Statistical procedures for these methods are critically analyzed. Recommendations are made for the choice of method.
In vitro conversion of 5α-reduced metabolites of testosterone by the seminal vesicles, ventral prostate glands and testes of adult rats

Abstract In order to ascertain the ability of rat seminal vesicles, testes and ventral prostate glands to interconvert 5α-reduced androgens, these three organs were incubated with either tritiated 17β-hydroxy-5αandrostan-3-one (5α-dihydrotestosterone,DHT), 5α-androstane-3α, 17βdiol (3α-diol) or 5α-androstane-3β, 17β-diol (3β-diol). The incubation environment utilized (Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate glucose buffer) was selected because the histologic appearance of the tissue at the conclusion of the incubation was indistinguishable from tissue fixed immediately after sacrifice of the animal, thereby approximating the physiologic conditions as closely as possible. In incubations of rat seminal vesicles, 3H.-3β-diol was not metabolized while 26.7 ± 3.8% of 3H-3α-diol appeared as DHT and 17.2 ± 1.5% of 3H-DHT was metabolized to 3α-diol. A small amount (7.5 ± 0.8%) of 3H-DHT was, however, converted to 3β-diol. In incubations of rat testes, the major metabolite, regardless of substrate, was 3α-diol. The conversion of 75.7 ± 2.1% of 3H-3β-diol to 3α-diol has demonstrated, for the first time, that this steroid can be metabolized by the rat testis. Rat ventral prostate glands metabolized 18.5 ± 2.5% of 3 H-3β- diol to DHT and 61± 2.9% of 3H-3α-diol to DHT. When 3H-DHT served as the substrate, 83.2 ± 1.5% remained unmetabolized. The prostate glands are, therefore, capable of metabolizing 3β-diol to DHT.
Properties of silver bromide vapors

Abstract Knudsen cell mass spectrometric analysis of the vapors over molten AgBr between 711° and 963°K indicates the existence of three vapor molecules: AgBr, Ag3Br2, and Ag3Br3. “Second Law” heats of vaporization, ΔHv, for the three vapor species are calculated to be 41.4 ± 1.1 kcal mole−1, 33.6 ± 1.1 kcal mole−1, and 29.2 ± 1.8 kcal mole−1, respectively. The heat of trimerization is −95.0 ± 3.8 kcal mole−1. Ionization potentials for AgBr, Ag3Br2, and Ag3Br3 are 9.5 ± 0.3 eV, 10.0 ± 0.2 eV, and 9.8 ± 0.2 eV, respectively.
Clinical Types in a Normal Population: Concurrent and Construct Validity.

Examined the relationship between personality and psychopathology through the use of the Multivariate Personality Inventory (MPI) (N = 100). The concurrent validity study compared the factors of the MPI with those of the Lazare-Klerman Personality Inventory, which was developed for a pathological population. Factor analysis of these two inventories yielded three factors that correspond to the three predicted personality styles: Hysteric, Compulsive, and Character Disorder. In the second part of this study the construct validity of these scales was examined. Results showed significant differences among groups in the predicted directions, which indicates that the personality groups as defined by the MPI in a normal population perform as would be predicted from work with pathological groups that bear the same label. Construct validity measures did not support the predictions with regard to the performance of the personality types.
A Repertoire of Interpretations: Master Frames and Ideological Continuity in U.S. Agrarian Mobilization

Despite significant contributions, movement frame analyses have tended to focus on ideological construction within and between social movement organizations at single moments in time or during prot...
The mechanical stability of Langmuir–Blodgett multilayers

Abstract The properties and stability of confined Langmuir–Blodgett multilayers made of arachidic acid were investigated using the surface forces apparatus. Two different types of confined films were studied: one formed by bringing two separate LB films into molecular contact, the other formed by bringing one LB film into direct contact with mica. The measured thickness of confined material depends solely on the total number of trapped molecular layers (28 A/layer). The force required to separate the substrates, however, depends on the type of contact made. More force (equivalent to a work of adhesion of 36 mJ/m2) is required to separate an LB film from mica than from another LB film (28 mJ/m2). Applied stress impacts the integrity of the LB multilayers; the films are particularly vulnerable to the combination of shearing and tensile stresses. Microscopic changes in film structure are sufficient to generate anomalous behavior at the macroscopic level, namely pinning of the contact region despite changes in load exerted on the deformable interacting bodies.
Suppression of metallothionein gene expression in a rat hepatoma because of promoter-specific DNA methylation.

Metallothionein I can be induced in response to a variety of agents that include heavy metals and oxidative stress. On the contrary, its induction was suppressed in some lymphoid-derived cancer cells. The mechanism of this repression has not been elucidated. Here, we show silencing of MT-I gene in a solid transplanted rat tumor as a result of promoter methylation at all the 21 CpG dinucleotides that span the region from −225 bp to +1 bp. By contrast, none of these CpG dinucleotides were methylated in the livers from the rats bearing the tumor, which was consistent with the efficient induction of the gene in this tissue by zinc sulfate. Genomic footprinting revealed lack of access of the transcriptional activators to the respective cis-acting elements of the methylatedMT-I promoter in the hepatoma. The absence of footprinting was not due to inactivation of the metal regulatory transcription factor MTF-1, because it was highly active in the hepatoma. Treatment of the hepatoma bearing rats with 5-azacytidine, a demethylating agent, induced basal as well as heavy metal-activated MT-I gene expression in the hepatoma, implying that methylation was indeed responsible for silencing the gene. Bisulfite genomic sequencing showed significant (>90%) demethylation of CpG dinucleotides spanningMT-I promoter in the hepatoma following treatment with 5-AzaC. The hypermethylation of MT-I promoter was probably caused by significantly higher (as much as 7-fold) level of DNA methyl transferase activity as well as enhanced expression of its gene in the hepatoma relative to the host liver. These data elucidated for the first time the molecular mechanism for the silencing of a highly inducible gene in a solid tumor transplanted in an animal, as compared with the robust induction in the corresponding parental tissue and have discussed the probable reasons for the suppression of this gene in some tumors.
Proper-Orthogonal-Decomposition Based Thermal Modeling of Semiconductor Structures

A thermal model of a semiconductor structure is developed using a hierarchical function space, rather than physical space. The thermal model is derived using the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and does not require any assumptions about the physical geometry, dimensions, or heat flow paths, as is usually necessary for compact/lumped thermal models. The approach can be applied to complex geometries and provides detailed thermal information at a computational cost comparable to that of lumped thermal models. The POD thermal model is applied to steady thermal simulations of a 2-D silicon-on-insulator (SOI) device structure and validated at various power levels against detailed numerical simulation (DNS) data. It is shown that a POD thermal model using only four POD modes can duplicate the temperature solution derived from DNS, including the hot spot and temperature gradients along the device island. In addition, an unsteady POD model of the SOI device structure is constructed. A POD model incorporating ten modes yielded a virtually identical solution when compared to corresponding unsteady DNS results.
A second virtual pole from Corsica, the Ota gabbrodiorite☆

Abstract Palaeomagnetic measurements on a series of gabbrodiorite samples from restricted outcrops around Ota in northwest Corsica are described. They yield a virtual pole position in 53.5 N, 173.3 E. An attempt is made to assess the significance of this result.
The VMH: A center for affective reactions, satiety, or both?

Abstract Small, bilateral lesions in the dorsal portion of the ventro-medial nuclei of the hypothalamus increased food intake but decreased the performance of food-rewarded instrumental responses. These effects were not, as previously assumed, specific to feeding behavior. Water-rewarded instrumental responses were also depressed in VMH-lesioned animals. A simple escape-avoidance response was reliably facilitated. The direct application of atropine to the ventro-medial area of the hypothalamus did not affect food intake reliably but impaired the performance of appetitive (food- or water-rewarded) instrumental responses. The animals' performance in a simple escape-avoidance situation was reliably improved. These results are interpreted to suggest that the classical VMH-lesion effect on food intake and/or the paradoxical lowering of food-rewarded instrumental behavior may be due to an interference with affective rather than appetitive mechanisms.
ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERNS OF MACACA MULATTA AND MACACA NEMESTRINA HYBRID HAEMOGLOBIN.

VARIATIONS in the electrophoretic mobilities of haemoglobin have been described in many species of sub-human primates1–6. A colony of 524 Macaca mulatta and 13 Macaca nemestrina was surveyed for haemoglobin types by filter paper electrophoresis. Two animals within the group had physical characteristics which combined features of both M. mulatta and M. nemestrina. These animals were purchased from the Miami Rare Bird Farm, Kendall, Florida, as part of a group of M. nemestrina.
αA-Crystallin Peptide 66SDRDKFVIFLDVKHF80 Accumulating in Aging Lens Impairs the Function of α-Crystallin and Induces Lens Protein Aggregation

Background The eye lens is composed of fiber cells that are filled with α-, β- and γ-crystallins. The primary function of crystallins is to maintain the clarity of the lens through ordered interactions as well as through the chaperone-like function of α-crystallin. With aging, the chaperone function of α-crystallin decreases, with the concomitant accumulation of water-insoluble, light-scattering oligomers and crystallin-derived peptides. The role of crystallin-derived peptides in age-related lens protein aggregation and insolubilization is not understood. Methodology/Principal Findings We found that αA-crystallin-derived peptide, 66SDRDKFVIFLDVKHF80, which accumulates in the aging lens, can inhibit the chaperone activity of α-crystallin and cause aggregation and precipitation of lens crystallins. Age-related change in the concentration of αA-(66-80) peptide was estimated by mass spectrometry. The interaction of the peptide with native crystallin was studied by multi-angle light scattering and fluorescence methods. High molar ratios of peptide-to-crystallin were favourable for aggregation and precipitation. Time-lapse recordings showed that, in the presence of αA-(66-80) peptide, α-crystallin aggregates and functions as a nucleus for protein aggregation, attracting aggregation of additional α-, β- and γ-crystallins. Additionally, the αA-(66-80) peptide shares the principal properties of amyloid peptides, such as β-sheet structure and fibril formation. Conclusions/Significance These results suggest that crystallin-derived peptides such as αA-(66-80), generated in vivo, can induce age-related lens changes by disrupting the structure and organization of crystallins, leading to their insolubilization. The accumulation of such peptides in aging lenses may explain a novel mechanism for age-related crystallin aggregation and cataractogenesis.
Changes in Polyamine Distribution during Cotton Fiber andSeed Development

Summary The distribution of free, conjugated and bound putrescine, and spermidine was monitored in fiber andseed of Gossypium hirsutum L. during the period from 5 to 28 d post anthesis (dpa). Fiber and seed were collected from greenhouse-grown and field-grown material. The cultivars Texas Marker 1 and Deltapine 50 were used. Fiber contained less total polyamines than seed. The highest polyamine concentration in fiber occurred at 5 dpa and in seed at 21 dpa. These peaks in total polyamine concentration correspond to the time just prior to rapid fiber elongation and the time of accelerated cell division in the embryo. A possible role of polyamines in cell elongation is discussed.
Cytokine related therapies for autoimmune disease

In short, manipulation of cytokine pathways shows promise as a mean to tilt the balance of immunity toward tolerance. Effective and regulatory T cells vary in their response to a variety of cytokines. In particular, the ability of certain cytokines, for example, IL-2, to provide vital survival signals to regulatory cells and to trigger death of effector T cells or impede IL-15 driven expansion of memory cells has spurred several trials. The ability of IFNγ, IL-4, TNFα, and lymphotoxin to exert selective effects upon crucial lymphocyte subset populations in vivo may also enable translation into potent therapies.
Automated alignment by hybrid video and 3D video Moire with both conventional and parallel processing

A problem common to automated assembly in manufacturing or in automated docking of spacecraft is angular and lateral alignment of components. A hybrid video system utilizing both conventional imaging and 3-D video moire has been developed to automatically align a test target with three translational and two rotational degrees of freedom. Alignment was demonstrated via computer controlled translation and rotation stages. The video moire system is operated in an error map mode, in which a structurally illuminated reference surface is used to chromakey the image of an identical structurally illuminated alignment target. The output is a moire image generated by the misalignment of the two surfaces; further processing indicates the degree and direction of the misalignment. The translation alignment error signals (x, z, zoom) are generated by conventional image processing operating on filtered or non-structurally illuminated images. In one design, translational and rotational alignments are handled by separate processors controlled by a single host, and might use synthesized images as reference: the off center and smaller image of a laterally misaligned and distant target can be zoomed and centered with respect to a synthetic image. In another design, the synthetic image is passed to the angular alignment program while translational alignment takes place, so that coarse angular alignment can proceed essentially in parallel with the lateral and range alignment. Thus both sequential and parallel processing can be utilized to solve the alignment problem.
Incremental Validity of Anxiety Sensitivity in relation to Marijuana Withdrawal Symptoms

The present investigation examined the relation between anxiety sensitivity (AS) and marijuana withdrawal severity among 84 (47 female) young adult marijuana smokers. As expected, after covarying for the theoretically-relevant variables of frequency of past 30-day marijuana use, number of cigarettes smoked per day, volume of alcohol consumed, and anxious arousal as well as anhedonic depressive symptoms, both the global AS factor and the AS-mental incapacitation concerns factor were significantly related to the severity of retrospectively reported marijuana withdrawal symptoms. Results are discussed in relation to better understanding cognitive-emotional variables related to the marijuana withdrawal.
THE TRIPLE STAR ADS 440

This system consists of three red-dwarf components with masses from 0.4 to 0.1 solar masses. The orbits with periods of 16 and 323 years are rediscussed from astrometric plates to 1991.
Luminescence spectra of laser-induced cavitation bubbles near rigid boundaries.

The luminescence spectra of laser-induced cavitation bubbles near rigid boundaries are measured for various relative distances between the bubble and the boundaries. We find that the luminescence spectra of bubbles collapsing near a single boundary consist only of a blackbody continuum. Luminescence from bubbles collapsing between two parallel rigid boundaries contains $\mathrm{O}{\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ emission bands similar to those found in multibubble sonoluminescence. In both cases, the bubble interior temperature deduced from blackbody fits decreases with the distance between bubble and boundary. The shape instabilities of the collapse near a boundary and the consequent presence of high-velocity jets inside the bubble at its minimum volume are discussed in connection with the generation of the $\mathrm{O}{\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ radicals.
Desorption rates of two PCB congeners from suspended sediments---I. experimental results

Abstract Desorption of 2,5,2′,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB-52) and 2,4,5,2′,4′,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153)from suspended sediment particles has been studied in a gas stripping reactor. Physical properties of the sediment particles such as particle size distribution, pore size distribution, surface area and organic carbon content were independently measured. Experimental results indicated that PCB desorption can be characterized by: (1) two-stage behavior ( i.e. , an initial rapid desorption followed by a prolonged slower desorption); (2) a dependence on K ow ; (3) an independence of the first stage and a dependence of the second stage on particle size; and (4) a dependence on equilibration time (aging effect). The equilibration time tested ranged from one month to three years. The aging effect observed in this study suggests that release rates of PCBs in natural systems are likely much lower than those observed in short-term laboratory experiments, indicating not only that a kinetic model should be used in many aquatic system models, but also that kinetic constants obtained in short-term laboratory experiments may not be directly applicable to the desorption process in natural systems.
Old Regime Legacies and Communist Revolutions in Russia and China

The Chinese and Russian Revolutions, despite many similarities, have culminated in societies with important differences in social organization and patterns of state-guided economic development. This essay argues that these differences in revolutionary outcomes can in significant part be attributed to the influence of differences in the sociopolitical structures and patterns of economic development of the prerevolutionary societies, Romanov Russia and late Imperial China. Old-regime structures helped to shape specific variations in the revolutionary outcomes not merely by surviving, but because they set different limits for successful revolutionary efforts for gaining state power and for using that power once consolidated to promote national development. The essay helps to account sociologically both for differences between broadly similar revolutions and for continuities, despite basic changes, between preand postrevolutionary regimes. From a broad comparative and historical perspective the Russian and Chinese revolutionary transformations-two of the most momentous happenings of the tumultuous twentieth century-seem very similar indeed (Moore, b; Skocpol; Wolf). Both revolutions broke out in huge agrarian empires that had become subject to intense pressures from more industrialized nations abroad. Massive peasant rebellions contributed indispensably to each revolutionary drama. Aristocratic, semi-bureaucratic, and autocratic old regimes gave way to centralized, bureaucratic and mass-mobilizing collectivist regimes, as the revolutionary conflicts led to the expropriation of the traditional state officials and landed upper classes, as well as foreign and domestic capitalists, and brought to the fore in their stead the Bolshevik and Chinese Communist parties. Certainly these similarities in the causes and outcomes of their revolutions are sufficient to mark the national trajectories of "modernizing" Russia and China as examples of one distinctive developmental pattern in contrast to the diverse alternative paths that have been followed by other countries-routes such as liberal or authoritarian capitalist industrialization or neocolonial dependent development. Nevertheless, as the Chinese Revolution has progressed into its third decade since the consolidation of national political power by the Communists, important contrasts to the Soviet outcomes have become strikingly apparent-differences both of official ideologies and policies and of actual patterns of socioeconomic and political organization. This essay will attempt to show how differences in the Chinese versus Soviet revolutionary outcomes can be attributed in part to effects of differences in the prerevolutionary sociopolitical and economic *In revising an earlier draft of this paper, I have had the benefit of critical comments and suggestions from Barrington Moore, Jr., Betty Moore, Ann Swidler, Shmuel Eisenstadt, Victor Nee, Jim Peck, Kay Trimberger, and Bill Skocpol. Since I have not been wise enough to acceptall of the advice offered to me, I alone am responsible for the problems and inadequacies that remain.
What predicts intent to breastfeed exclusively? Breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs in a diverse urban population.

Abstract Background: Maternal knowledge and comfort with breastfeeding affect prenatal feeding intentions, and these intentions are strong predictors of feeding outcomes. However, predictors of exclusive breastfeeding intention have not been well characterized. Methods: We measured the association between intentions to exclusively breastfeed and knowledge of infant health benefits, feeding guidelines, and comfort related to breastfeeding in social settings. Participants were lower-income, ethnically diverse women in two randomized, controlled trials of breastfeeding support. We compared results with data from the national Infant Feeding Practices Study II. Results: Among 883 women in our trials, exclusive breastfeeding, mixed feeding, and exclusive formula feeding intentions were 45.9%, 46.1%, and 8.0%, respectively. In multivariate-adjusted models, women who disagreed that “Infant formula is as good as breastmilk” were more likely to intend exclusive breastfeeding versus exclusive formula feeding (odds r...
Self-Propagative Replication of Aβ Oligomers Suggests Potential Transmissibility in Alzheimer Disease

The aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and its deposition in parts of the brain form the central processes in the etiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). The low-molecular weight oligomers of Aβ aggregates (2 to 30 mers) are known to be the primary neurotoxic agents whose mechanisms of cellular toxicity and synaptic dysfunction have received substantial attention in the recent years. However, how these toxic agents proliferate and induce widespread amyloid deposition throughout the brain, and what mechanism is involved in the amplification and propagation of toxic oligomer species, are far from clear. Emerging evidence based on transgenic mice models indicates a transmissible nature of Aβ aggregates and implicates a prion-like mechanism of oligomer propagation, which manifests as the dissemination and proliferation of Aβ toxicity. Despite accumulating evidence in support of a transmissible nature of Aβ aggregates, a clear, molecular-level understanding of this intriguing mechanism is lacking. Recently, we reported the characterization of unique replicating oligomers of Aβ42 (12–24 mers) in vitro called Large Fatty Acid-derived Oligomers (LFAOs) (Kumar et al., 2012, J. Biol. Chem). In the current report, we establish that LFAOs possess physiological activity by activating NF-κB in human neuroblastoma cells, and determine the experimental parameters that control the efficiency of LFAO replication by self-propagation. These findings constitute the first detailed report on monomer – oligomer lateral propagation reactions that may constitute potential mechanism governing transmissibility among Aβ oligomers. These data support the previous reports on transmissible mechanisms observed in transgenic animal models.
Adaptive beamforming using sequential beamspace approach

This paper presents our study and implementation of an adaptive beamforming antenna using a sequential beamspace approach. The goal of the project was to develop a system that could adaptively form a beam in the direction of arrival (DOA) of the signal of interest (SOI) while nulling one or more signals not of interest (SNOI) on a conventional phased array system. After various simulations in MATLAB and laboratory tests it was determined that adaptive algorithms implemented in sequential beamspace would satisfy the goals of this project.
Polyurethanes from novel 1,3-propyleneoxide co-telechelics having pendant hydantoin and methoxymethyl groups

Abstract We report the synthesis of a new oxetane monomer 5,5-dimethyl-3-(2-((3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methoxy)ethyl)-imidazolidine-2,4-dione (Hy4Ox, 1), an oxetane with a hydantoin-containing moiety in the 3-position. This hydantoin–oxetane monomer is stable to cationic ring-opening polymerization. Copolymerization of Hy4Ox with another new monomer, 3-methyl-3-methoxymethyloxetane (MOx, 2) provided a series of hydroxy terminated poly(2,2-substituted-1,3-propanediol) co-telechelics (P(Hy4Ox:MOx)) with low Tgs for polyurethane synthesis. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used for establishing stoichiometry and Mn by end group analysis. DSC for P(Hy4Ox:MOx) telechelics shows a single Tg that increases in breadth as the fraction of hydantoin increases suggesting inter- or intrachain hydrogen bonding. The telechelics were incorporated into polyurethanes with HMDI and 1,4-butanediol as the hard block. Characterization of polyurethane composition and bulk properties by 1H NMR, MDSC, and GPC is described. The new monomers and telechelics have promise in optimizing effectiveness of biocidal polyurethane polymeric surface modifiers.
Adhesion mechanics of graphene membranes

The interaction of graphene with neighboring materials and structures plays an important role in its behavior, both scientifically and technologically. The interactions are complicated due to the interplay between surface forces and possibly nonlinear elastic behavior. Here we review recent experimental and theoretical advances in the understanding of graphene adhesion. We organize our discussion into experimental and theoretical efforts directed toward: graphene conformation to a substrate, determination of adhesion energy, and applications where graphene adhesion plays an important role. We conclude with a brief prospectus outlining open issues.
Partial aortic valve fusion induced by left ventricular assist device.

Abstract Background . Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) may be used (1) as a bridging device to cardiac transplantation, (2) for permanent replacement of left ventricular function, and (3) as a bridge to recovery of ventricular function, for example, in recoverable myocardial disease. In this third group of patients, it is important that the LVAD does not produce changes in the heart that will have a deleterious effect on cardiac function once the device is removed. Furthermore, if the LVAD fails, survival depends on optimal function of the diseased heart. Methods . All hearts with LVADs encountered as surgical specimens following heart transplantation or at autopsy at the Fairview-University of Minnesota Medical Center during the 5-month period August 1998 to January 1999 were examined for native valvular heart disease. The nature and extent of commissural fusion was noted and measured. Light microscopy was performed on any valve lesions. Results . Four of 6 patients with HeartMate (Thermo Cardiosystems, Inc, Woburn, MA) LVADs showed evidence of commissural fusion (acquired aortic stenosis). In 1 patient, this condition was caused by an organizing thrombus uniting a 14-mm length of the commissural region of the right coronary and noncoronary cusps of the aortic valve. Fibrous commissural fusion due to totally organized thrombus in the other 3 patients affected one aortic commissure (2 patients, 2 mm and 4 mm, respectively) and two commissures (1 patient, 2 mm and 5 mm). Partial cuspal fusion in each case was due to permanent closure of the native aortic valve induced by the LVAD's operating in its automatic setting. Mean length of commissural fusion was 5.4 mm (range, 2 to 14 mm; standard deviation [SD] = ±5.0 mm). Mean duration of implantation of the six LVADs was 180.3 days (range, 26 to 689 days; SD=±253.8 days). The LVADs of the 3 patients with fibrous fusion of the commissures had been implanted for an average of 252.3 days (range, 26 to 689 days; SD=±378.2 days). Conclusions . Normal function of the LVAD produces permanent closure of the native aortic valve. Stasis on the ventricular aspect of the aortic valve, combined with a low level of anticoagulation, favors thrombosis at this site. Thrombus organization leads to aortic stenosis of variable severity. This previously unsuspected complication was not detected clinically in any of our patients. Aortic stenosis may hold serious implications for patients in whom the LVAD acts as a bridge to recovery or in those in whom the LVAD fails. Prevention may be achieved by intermittently reducing LVAD pumping action. A built-in venting cycle would be of value in long-term implants. Thrombi on the aortic valve may also predispose patients to infective endocarditis, because bloodstream infection is common in patients with LVADs.
USE OF PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN TO MEASURE BLADDER TUMOR GROWTH IN A MOUSE ORTHOTOPIC MODEL

ABSTRACTPurpose: Animal orthotopic tumor models are commonly used in bladder cancer studies. However, to our knowledge there is currently no accurate method to quantify tumor growth inside the bladder in living animals. We used prostate specific antigen (PSA) as a marker to cope with this limitation.Materials and Methods: Infectious but replication incompetent retroviral particles carrying PSA coding sequence were constructed and infected into MB49 cells, a mouse bladder transitional cell carcinoma line of C57BL/6 origin. Syngeneic mice were intravesically implanted with the novel MB49-PSA transfectants. Tumor burden was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measurement for PSA in urine and bladder tissues.Results: The MB49-PSA line actively secreted PSA in culture as well as in urine (18 to 2,062 pg/ml) depending on tumor mass. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed PSA expression in MB49-PSA derived orthotopic tumors. Urinary PSA production paralleled tumor growth and was detectable prior to the...
A categorical, improper probability method for combining NDVI and LiDAR elevation information for potential cotton precision agricultural applications

An algorithm is presented to fuse the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) elevation data to produce a map potentially useful for site-specific management practices in cotton. A bi-variate Gaussian probability density distribution is modified to predict an improper probability distribution that also incorporates categorical variables associated with quadrant direction from the population means for the NDVI and elevation data layers. Water availability, influenced by slope and relative changes in elevation (as captured by the elevation data layer), affects crop phenology (as captured by the NDVI data layer). Thus, this fusion procedure results in a map potentially describing the joint effects of NDVI and elevation on cotton growth in a spatial and temporal way.
Effects of Air at Various Tension Levels on Storage Stability of Mechanically Deboned Poultry Meats

Abstract Air pressures equivalent to 0, 126, 380, and 760 mm Hg were assigned to packages of mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM), mechanically deboned turkey meat (MDTM), and their lipid extracts. All treated samples were stored at −18 C up to 3 months. Changes in phospho-lipid polyunsaturated fatty acids (expressed as unsaturation ratio, C18:3–22:6/C16:0 ) and 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) absorption values were used to follow lipid oxidation reactions. Samples packaged under 0 mm Hg and samples packaged at 126 mm Hg showed similar losses of polyunsaturated fatty acids and comparable development of TBA reactive substances. After 1 month storage, TBA absorption values of MDTM samples packaged under vacuum were significantly lower than those packaged at 126, 380, and 760 mm of Hg. Significant differences in mean unsaturation ratios were observed between the lipid extracts from MDCM and the meat itself, but not between those from the lipid extract from MDTM and turkey meat. Significant differences in TBA reactive substances were found between turkey and chicken lipids.
Empirical approximations for Hoeffding’s test of bivariate independence using two Weibull extensions

Abstract The sampling distributions are generally unavailable in exact form and are approximated either in terms of the asymptotic distributions, or their correction using expansions such as Edgeworth, Laguerre or Cornish–Fisher; or by using transformations analogous to that of Wilson and Hilferty. However, when theoretical routes are intractable, in this electronic age, the sampling distributions can be reasonably approximated using empirical methods. The point is illustrated using the null distribution of Hoeffding’s test of bivariate independence which is important because of its consistency against all dependence alternatives. For constructing the approximations we employ two Weibull extensions, the generalized Weibull and the exponentiated Weibull families, which contain a rich variety of density shapes and tail lengths, and have their distribution functions and quantile functions available in closed form, making them convenient for obtaining the necessary percentiles and p -values. Both approximations are seen to be excellent in terms of accuracy, but that based on the generalized Weibull is more portable.