cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extending a scripting language for visual basic forms

A prototype scripting language was introduced in 2002 to assist the blind in creating forms for Visual Basic programs in a much simpler fashion; currently, creating these forms are particularly difficult for the blind and visually impaired. The language is expanded to include the Visual Basic objects that were omitted from the original grammar for the scripting language. A second prototype of the compiler for the scripting language is now available online. An example and a formal grammar are included.
Wesen und Erscheinung In the history of the study of religion: A post-structuralist perspective1

After arguing that classical phenomenology of religion is more heir to Hegelian rather than Husserlian phenomenolgy, this article proposes that the Hegelian concept of an essential and unified human nature grounds the basic operations of the field. Such Hegelian motifs as the insistence on essence and structure as the pnmary heuristic tools for understanding historical materials and the appeal to a universal and transcendental subjectivity which unites historically diverse moments are identified in the writings of Tiele, Chanteple, Otto, Hultkrantz, and Eliade, among others. The article concludes with a post-structualist critique of ideological humanism's construction of trans-historical identities and suggests that by delineating more fully the Hegelian heritage of phenomenology of religion, understood as discursive practice intimately involved in the construction of its object, such categories as "Religion" may turn out to be more an integral part of Occidental Humanism than a universal feature of human societies.
Agreement between analytical theory and molecular dynamics simulation for adsorption and diffusion in crystalline nanoporous materials

Analytical theories for lattice adsorption and diffusion recently published are tested with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our analytical theories are generalized and can be applied to variou...
The Elements of Housing

This paper describes the existing construction industry as a total system whose flow chart of operations moves from land accumulation through land development to actual construction and ultimate sale to the consumer. Based in part on the author's past experiences as a general building contractor, it focuses upon the historical evolution of the builder as the central figure in today's building processes and demonstrates by examples the complexity, strength, and weaknesses of present housing methods.
Accurate, Dense, and Robust Multi-View Stereopsis

This paper proposes a novel algorithm for calibrated multi-view stereopsis that outputs a (quasi) dense set of rectangular patches covering the surfaces visible in the input images. This algorithm does not require any initialization in the form of a bounding volume, and it detects and discards automatically outliers and obstacles. It does not perform any smoothing across nearby features, yet is currently the top performer in terms of both coverage and accuracy for four of the six benchmark datasets presented in [20]. The keys to its performance are effective techniques for enforcing local photometric consistency and global visibility constraints. Stereopsis is implemented as a match, expand, and filter procedure, starting from a sparse set of matched keypoints, and repeatedly expanding these to nearby pixel correspondences before using visibility constraints to filter away false matches. A simple but effective method for turning the resulting patch model into a mesh appropriate for image-based modeling is also presented. The proposed approach is demonstrated on various datasets including objects with fine surface details, deep concavities, and thin structures, outdoor scenes observed from a restricted set of viewpoints, and "crowded" scenes where moving obstacles appear in different places in multiple images of a static structure of interest.
A Simplified Scheme for Scheduling Multivariable Controllers and its Application to a Turbofan Engine

A simplified scheme for scheduling multivariable controllers for robust performance over a wide range of plant operating points is presented. The approach consists of scheduling only the output matrix of a dynamic controller, thus significantly reducing the number of parameters to be scheduled. Given a robust controller at a nominal design point, designed such that it gives a stable closed-loop system at various off-design operating points, the parameters of the controller output matrix are optimized such that the closed-loop response at the off-design points closely matches the design point closed-loop response. The optimization problem formulation for the synthesis of controller scheduling gains is discussed. Results are presented for controller scheduling for a turbofan engine for a conceptual Short Take-Off and Vertical Landing aircraft. The simplified controller scheduling is shown to provide satisfactory response for engine models corresponding to significant gross thrust variations from the nominal design point.Copyright © 1996 by ASME
Control of microtwins in MOCVD of CdTe on sapphire

Microtwins in epitaxial (111)Te-face CdTe films grown by MOCVD on (0001) sapphire substrates can be detected by optical reflection from the as-grown surface, which is microscopically facetted, as well as by X-ray diffraction. Microtwin content can be made very small, much less than 1% volume fraction, by proper choice of MOCVD reactor operating conditions. Annealing after completion of the CdTe deposition can remove the microtwins.
Collective) Memory of Racial Violence and the Social Construction of the Hispanic Category among Houston Hispanics

Prior U.S.-based research examining the collective remembrance of racially charged events has focused on the black-white binary, largely bypassing such remembrance among U.S. Hispanics. In this article, I ask how a group of Mexican-origin Hispanics in an historic Houston barrio remember two racially charged events as well as whether and how these events are publicly commemorated. Additionally, race and collective memory research has often highlighted the role of collective memory in shaping race relations. I argue that collective memory can also be an institution, structuring macro- and micro-level representations of race. Thus, I ask whether and how respondents’ memories shape the social construction of the Hispanic category. I find strong memory convergence with respect to one event—the case of Jose Campos Torres—and divergence in three directions with respect to the Moody Park riot. The former corresponds to a collective understanding of what Hispanic meant in the past while the latter corresponds to a...
Work in progress - the ethics of diversity: Addressing diversity issues in undergraduate engineering ethics education

In this paper, the ethical responsibility of the engineer will be linked to the obligation to promote diversity by creating a welcoming environment in the engineering professions. This ethical obligation will be supported using the theories of moral decision-making and the fundamental canons of the engineering codes of ethics. Including this concept in engineering ethics education could potentially result in a more welcoming and inclusive workplace environment, and ultimately aid in addressing the engineering workforce needs gap. Successfully linking the ethical obligation of the engineer to diversity issues, and including this in engineering ethics education, could make a positive difference across engineering disciplines.
Assessment of neonatal avian inflammatory macrophage function following embryonic cyclophosphamide exposure

Abstract Inflammatory macrophage recruitment and function were examined in 4–5 week-old chickens which had received two doses of cyclophosphamide (CP) or vehicle (dH2O) during late embryogenesis (18 and 19 days of incubation). Mononuclear leukocyte chemotaxis to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and hematological parameters were unchanged in CP-treated vs control chickens. Peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) elicited in response to intraperitoneal (i.p.) Sephadex injection did not differ in CP-treated vs control chickens with respect to cell number, cell type, superoxide anion production, or cell surface expression of Ia and transferrin receptor (TfR) antigens. The CP-treated chickens did exhibit the expected decrease in bursa weight; male chickens exposed to CP also had inhibited testes growth. Although embryonic exposure to CP at this dose results in irreversible bursal damage and subsequent impaired humoral immunity, it appears that there are no long-lasting effects on avian inflammatory macrophage function.
Changing the rules—amending the nationality clauses in air services agreements

Abstract Airlines are not able to conduct their business in the same way as other global transnational industries. They are inhibited by the foreign ownership restrictions in Air Services Agreements and national laws. This paper reviews the background of nationality clauses and the current regulations in the EU, US and Asia-Pacific. It analyses the pros and cons of ownership rules, the benefits and risks of foreign investment, and the motives for foreign investment in the EU and Asia-Pacific. It also assesses the prospects for change in ownership rules under multilateral and plurilateral proposals.
A model of the mechanical design process based on empirical data

This paper describes the task/episode accumulation model (TEA model) of non-routine mechanical design, which was developed after detailed analysis of the audio and video protocols of five mechanical designers. The model is able to explain the behavior of designers at a much finer level of detail than previous models. The key features of the model are (a) the design is constructed by incrementally refining and patching an initial conceptual design, (b) design alternatives are not considered outside the boundaries of design episodes (which are short stretches of problem solving aimed at specific goals), (c) the design process is controlled locally, primarily at the level of individual episodes. Among the implications of the model are the following: (a) CAD tools should be extended to represent the state of the design at more abstract levels, (b) CAD tools should help the designer manage constraints, and (c) CAD tools should be designed to give cognitive support to the designer.
Recent evidence on the continuing causes of black-white residential segregation

Black-white residential segregation, while on the decline, still persists at high levels in most US metropolitan areas. Despite decades of research into the underlying causes of black-white residen...
Utilization of remote sensing information for water resources management in the southwestern U.S

The unique hydrometeorologic conditions of the semi- and southwestern U.S, together with the high population growth rates in the region continue to shape the nature of data and information required by the region's water resources management professionals. Because of the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of precipitation and snow in the region, accurate high-resolution precipitation and snow products, forecasts, and design data sets are needed to understand and predict the distribution of available water at various time scales. This need is amplified by the high rates of population growth, which places increasing stress on scarce water resources. Arguably, the economic return of timely hydrometeorologic information will only increase as such stress increases. This paper presents a conceptual framework for the production and dissemination of remote sensing based hydrologically relevant information in a manner consistent with the need of various stakeholders.
The Holodex: Integrating Summarization with the Index

In this paper1 we introduce the Holodex, a holistic index for databases that includes a facility for statistics and aggregate-like computations. The Holodex is an integration of the conventional index and summarization over traversals of the index. It can store customized summaries in its data structure, and in this way it can maintain, and provide fast access to, summarized information. The Holodex rests on the Summary-Traversal Architecture a customizable summarization scheme for tree indexes. An important property of the summary-traversal architecture is that index structures defining an ordering on data can be augmented to provide extra summary information as well. For example, both tree indexes (such as the B+- Tree) and tree-hash hybrids (e.g., Multi-Level Trie Hashing and Interpolation Search Tree ) define an ordering, and they can be naturally extended to include summary information. This combination of indexing and summarization has a variety of uses, including computation of aggregate functions, rollups, bulk computation, and a variety of kinds of statistics, particularly those that are in some way related to order. More specifically, it is useful for computing nonparametric statistics - including rank statistics and order statistics - as well as direct implementation of queries like basic statistical tests on sample distributions.
Electrical Current Effects on E. coil Growth Rates

SummaryThe results show that alternating current had little or no effect upon the growth rate of microorganisms in the current and frequency ranges investigated. The general effect of direct curren...
Clinical Technique: Extra-articular Surgical Stifle Stabilization of an American Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana)

Abstract Reports of orthopedic surgical procedures in anuran (frogs and toads) patients are rare. The plight of many anuran populations and the increased role of clinical veterinarians in aquatic conservation, zoological, and biomedical research management will result in more frogs and toads being cared for as individuals to include orthopedic surgical support. The technique described in this article was used to successfully correct an acute, presumed traumatic, stifle instability in a wild-caught American Bullfrog ( Rana catesbeiana ) and is shared to encourage clinicians to further adapt surgical techniques when caring for these important animals.
Rockin' robins: Do congresswomen rule the roost in the Twittersphere?

Recent work by Evans, Cordova, and Sipole 2014 reveals that in the two months leading up to the 2012 election, female House candidates used the social media site Twitter more often than male candidates. Not only did female candidates tweet more often, but they also spent more time attacking their opponents and discussing important issues in American politics. In this article, we examine whether the female winners of those races acted differently than the male winners in the 2012 election, and whether they differed in their tweeting-style during two months in the summer of 2013. Using a hand-coded content analysis of every tweet from each member in the U.S. House of Representatives in June and July of 2013, we show that women differ from their male colleagues in their frequency and type of tweeting, and note some key differences between the period during the election and the period after. This article suggests that context greatly affects representatives' Twitter-style.
A non-catalytic role of DNA polymerase η in recruiting Rad18 and promoting PCNA monoubiquitination at stalled replication forks

Trans-lesion DNA synthesis (TLS) is a DNA damage-tolerance mechanism that uses low-fidelity DNA polymerases to replicate damaged DNA. The inherited cancer-propensity syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XPV) results from error-prone TLS of UV-damaged DNA. TLS is initiated when the Rad6/Rad18 complex monoubiquitinates proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), but the basis for recruitment of Rad18 to PCNA is not completely understood. Here, we show that Rad18 is targeted to PCNA by DNA polymerase eta (Polη), the XPV gene product that is mutated in XPV patients. The C-terminal domain of Polη binds to both Rad18 and PCNA and promotes PCNA monoubiquitination, a function unique to Polη among Y-family TLS polymerases and dissociable from its catalytic activity. Importantly, XPV cells expressing full-length catalytically-inactive Polη exhibit increased recruitment of other error-prone TLS polymerases (Polκ and Polι) after UV irradiation. These results define a novel non-catalytic role for Polη in promoting PCNA monoubiquitination and provide a new potential mechanism for mutagenesis and genome instability in XPV individuals.
Replication restart in UV‐irradiated Escherichia coli involving pols II, III, V, PriA, RecA and RecFOR proteins

Summary In Escherichia coli, UV-irradiated cells resume DNA synthesis after a transient inhibition by a process called replication restart. To elucidate the role of several key proteins involved in this process, we have analysed the time dependence of replication restart in strains carrying a combination of mutations in lexA, recA, polB (pol II), umuDC (pol V), priA, dnaC, recF, recO or recR. We Þnd that both pol II and the origin-independent primosome-assembling function of PriA are essential for the immediate recovery of DNA synthesis after UV irradiation. In their absence, translesion replication or Oreplication readthroughO occurs a 50 min after UV and is pol V-dependent. In a wild-type, lexA + background, mutations in recF, recO or recR block both pathways. Similar results were obtained with a lexA(Def) recF strain. However, lexA(Def) recO or lexA(Def) recR strains, although unable to facilitate PriA-pol II-dependent restart, were able to perform pol V-dependent readthrough. The defects in restart attributed to mutations in recF, recO or recR were suppressed in a recA730 lexA(Def) strain expressing constitutively activated RecA (RecA*). Our data suggest that in a wild-type back- ground, RecF, O and R are important for the induction of the SOS response and the formation of RecA*- dependent recombination intermediates necessary for PriA/Pol II-dependent replication restart. In con-
Canalization of the Urethral Plate Precedes Fusion of the Urethral Folds during Male Penile Urethral Development: The Double Zipper Hypothesis

Purpose: We describe the “double zipper” mechanism of human male urethral formation, where the distal zipper opens the urethral groove through canalization of the urethral plate, and a second closing zipper follows behind and closes the urethral groove to form the tubular urethra.Materials and Methods: Anonymous human fetal genital specimens were acquired and gender was determined by polymerase chain reaction of the Y chromosome. Specimens were processed for optical projection tomography, stained with E-cadherin, Ki67 and caspase 3, and imaged.Results: Eight developing male fetal specimens from 6.5 to 16.5 weeks of gestation were analyzed by optical projection tomography, and an additional 5 specimens by serial sections. Phallus length ranged from 1.3 to 3.7 mm. The urethral plate canalized into a groove with 2 epithelial edges that subsequently fused. Ki67 staining was localized to the dorsal aspect of the urethral plate. In contrast, caspase 3 staining was not observed. The entire process was completed ...
Azaspirane (N-N-diethyl-8,8-dipropyl-2-azaspiro [4.5] decane-2-propanamine) inhibits human multiple myeloma cell growth in the bone marrow milieu in vitro and in vivo.

Azaspirane (N-N-diethyl-8,8-dipropyl-2-azaspiro [4.5] decane-2-propanamine; trade name, Atiprimod) is an orally bioavailable cationic amphiphilic compound that significantly inhibits production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and inflammation in rat arthritis and autoimmune animal models. We here characterize the effect of atiprimod on human multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Azaspirane significantly inhibited growth and induced caspase-mediated apoptosis in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant MM cell lines, as well as patient MM cells. IL-6, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), or adherence of MM cells to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) did not protect against atiprimod-induced apoptosis. Both conventional (dexamethasone, doxorubicin, melphalan) and novel (arsenic trioxide) agents augment apoptosis induced by atiprimod. Azaspirane inhibits signal transducer activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and a PI3-K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) target (Akt), but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), inhibits phosphorylation triggered by IL-6, and also inhibits inhibitorκBα (IκBα) and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) p65 phosphorylation triggered by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Of importance, azaspirane inhibits both IL-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion in BMSCs triggered by MM cell binding and also inhibits angiogenesis on human umbilical vein cells (HUVECs). Finally, azaspirane demonstrates in vivo antitumor activity against human MM cell growth in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. These results, therefore, show that azaspirane both induces MM cell apoptosis and inhibits cytokine secretion in the BM milieu, providing the framework for clinical trials to improve patient outcome in MM.
Preparation of lithium molybdenum oxide bronzes by a temperature gradient flux growth technique

Abstract Single crystals of the violet-red Li 0.9 Mo 6 O 17 , violet-blue Li 0.32 MoO 3 , and the new blue Li 0.04 MoO 3 bronzes have been grown by a temperature gradient flux growth method in evacuated quartz ampoules. Optimal growth conditions determined for each of the phases are reported. Li 0.9 Mo 6 O 17 is monoclinic, and a quasi-two-dimensional metallic conductor at room temperature, similar to K 0.9 Mo 6 O 17 · Li 0.04 MoO 3 appears to be a new intercalation compound of MoO 3 .
Parallelizing sequential applications on commodity hardware using a low-cost software transactional memory

Multicore designs have emerged as the mainstream design paradigm for the microprocessor industry. Unfortunately, providing multiple cores does not directly translate into performance for most applications. The industry has already fallen short of the decades-old performance trend of doubling performance every 18 months. An attractive approach for exploiting multiple cores is to rely on tools, both compilers and runtime optimizers, to automatically extract threads from sequential applications. However, despite decades of research on automatic parallelization, most techniques are only effective in the scientific and data parallel domains where array dominated codes can be precisely analyzed by the compiler. Thread-level speculation offers the opportunity to expand parallelization to general-purpose programs, but at the cost of expensive hardware support. In this paper, we focus on providing low-overhead software support for exploiting speculative parallelism. We propose STMlite, a light-weight software transactional memory model that is customized to facilitate profile-guided automatic loop parallelization. STMlite eliminates a considerable amount of checking and locking overhead in conventional software transactional memory models by decoupling the commit phase from main transaction execution. Further, strong atomicity requirements for generic transactional memories are unnecessary within a stylized automatic parallelization framework. STMlite enables sequential applications to extract meaningful performance gains on commodity multicore hardware.
Confusion About Infusion: Rational Volume Limits for Intravenous Lipid Emulsion During Treatment of Oral Overdoses

After the initial report of treatment of bupropion and lamotrigine overdose by intravenous lipid emulsion, additional case reports have asserted the usefulness of lipid emulsion for enteral poisonings. In accordance with these and other reports, the American College of Medical Toxicology offered interim guidelines on lipid resuscitation therapy; they recommended a bolus of 1.5 mL/kg, followed by an infusion of 0.25 mL/kg/min of intravenous lipid emulsion if toxicity persists. This recommendation was based on guidelines for treatment of local anesthetic toxicity, in which absorption is quick and toxicity short lived. In contrast to local anesthetic toxicity, prolonged absorption during enteral overdose can result in extended toxicity, with a need for continuing medical support, including a protracted infusion of lipid emulsion. Guidelines for lipid resuscitation therapy in local anesthetic toxicity set an upper limit of 10 to 12 mL/kg during the first half hour, but because of the aforementioned nature of oral overdoses, the American College of Medical Toxicology did not provide a limit on total lipid infusion volume or duration of infusion. In the absence of limits, an increasing number of cases have reported the use of large volumes of lipid to treat oral overdose. However, until definitive studies can be conducted, there is a need for rational volume limits to prevent undisciplined use of intravenous lipid emulsion. With the increased adoption of lipid resuscitation therapy, several case reports have identified the potential usefulness of prolonged lipid infusions for enteral toxicity. In the largest aggregation of cases, Cave et al reported that intravenous lipid emulsion improved Glasgow Coma Scale ratings and increased systolic blood pressure during treatment of nonlocal anesthetic overdose in 38 patients. The average dose of lipid used in these cases was 531 mL (SD 22 mL), which is within ranges recommended by professional societies. With these doses, there were no significant adverse effects except interference with laboratory tests because of lipemia
Vibrationally mediated photodissociation of HCN

Abstract The dissociation mechanism of HCN by vibrationally mediated photodissociation has been examined. Exciting the C–H stretch with four quanta and photodissociating the molecule with 220 nm light generates CN in the first excited electronic A 2 Π state rather than the ground X 2 Σ + state. The CN fragment is detected by probing the B 2 Σ + ←A 2 Π (1–0) band and monitoring the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) via the B 2 Σ + →X 2 Σ + (1–1) transition. The CN product distributions are found to be rotationally cold indicating that HCN dissociates from a linear geometry.
The Geomechanical Interaction of Multiple Hydraulic Fractures in Horizontal Wells

The technology of multiple hydraulic fracture stimulation in horizontal wells has trans‐ formed the business of oil and gas exploitation from extremely tight, unconventional hydro‐ carbon bearing rock formations. The fracture stimulation process typically involves placing multiple fractures stage-by-stage along the horizontal well using diverse well completion technologies. The effective design of such massive fracture stimulation requires an under‐ standing of how multiple hydraulic fractures would grow and interact with each other in heterogeneous formations. This is especially challenging as the interaction of these fractures are subject to the dynamic process of subsurface geomechanical stress changes induced by the fracture treatment itself. This paper consists of two parts. Firstly, an idealised analytical model is used to highlight some key features of multiple hydraulic fractures interaction, and to provide a quantifica‐ tion of ‘stress shadow’. Secondly, a new non-planar three dimensional (3D) hydraulic frac‐ turing numerical model is used to provide an insight into the growth of multiple fractures under the influence of subsurface geomechanical stress shadows. Attention is given to studying the height growth of multiple fractures.
An Investigation of Stiffness Modulation Limits in a Pneumatically Actuated Parallel Robot With Actuation Redundancy

Actuation redundancy in parallel mechanisms has been predominantly investigated assuming electromechanical actuators. Pneumatic actuation offers new alternatives to achieving stiffness modulation in parallel robots. This paper investigates the limits of stiffness modulation using two alternatives: modulation of joint-level stiffness using antagonistic pneumatic actuators (passive stiffness modulation) and stiffness modulation using antagonistic actuation at the structure level (active stiffness modulation). A surrogate translational parallel robot architecture, which is a variant of the Delta robot with one redundant kinematic chain, is used in this investigation. A simplified model of a pneumatic double-acting piston actuator is used to establish upper and lower bounds for attainable joint-level stiffness. A kinematic model of the parallel robot is presented along with its passive and active stiffness models. A simulation study is carried out assuming attainable joint-level stiffness based on the simplified pneumatic actuator model. The simulations show that, due to the achievable low pneumatic actuator stiffness, the active stiffness contribution can be as high as 65% of the passive stiffness within the robot workspace. This preliminary investigation suggests that pneumatic actuators are uniquely suited for robot interaction tasks (e.g. assembly or rehabilitation) where stiffness control and modulation can offer increased safety and task-specific end-effector stiffness.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Managing Change in Operations

Business entities must continually respond to shifts in the competitive landscape. When internal or external pressures cause a company to undertake an operational improvement process such as Six Sigma or Lean, managing the human aspects of implementation is critical. Change management in an operational-improvement setting can be challenging; however, it is well worth understanding and utilizing the appropriate tools and the FEEL-SEE-DO-PRACTICE-OBSERVE iteration. Ultimately, the robustness of an organization may be due in large part to its ability to build a continuous-improvement cycle solidly into the infrastructure of its culture and operations.
Civil Rights and Systemic Wrongs: The Future of Employment Discrimination Class Actions

Systemic employment discrimination is a structural, social harm whose victims include not only those who can be specifically identified, but also many who cannot. Pattern and practice claims in employment litigation are an essential tool for challenging this structural harm. Unfortunately, the Supreme Court’s decision in Wal-Mart v. Dukes brushes aside the systemic nature of the plaintiffs’ claims, making both theoretical and doctrinal mistakes in its application of the procedural and substantive law applicable in employment discrimination class action litigation. The most troubling part of the Court’s opinion — its rejection of statistical modeling for remedial determinations — has received little attention. This article critiques the Court’s novel and careless interpretation of Title VII and explains the threat the opinion poses to the continued viability of pattern and practice claims.
High-dose estrogen treatment at reperfusion reduces lesion volume and accelerates recovery of sensorimotor function after experimental ischemic stroke

Estrogens have previously been shown to protect the brain against acute ischemic insults, by potentially augmenting cerebrovascular function after ischemic stroke. The current study hypothesized that treatment with sustained release of high-dose 17β-estradiol (E2) at the time of reperfusion from middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats would attenuate reperfusion injury, augment post-stroke angiogenesis and cerebral blood flow, and attenuate lesion volume. Female Wistar rats underwent ovariectomy, followed two weeks later by transient, two-hour right MCAO (tMCAO) and treatment with E2 (n=13) or placebo (P; n=12) pellets starting at reperfusion. E2 treatment resulted in significantly smaller total lesion volume, smaller lesions within striatal and cortical brain regions, and less atrophy of the ipsilateral hemisphere after six weeks of recovery. E2-treated animals exhibited accelerated recovery of contralateral forelimb sensorimotor function in the cylinder test. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that E2 treatment reduced the formation of lesion cysts, decreased lesion volume, and increased lesional cerebral blood flow (CBF). K(trans), a measure of vascular permeability, was increased in the lesions. This finding, which represents lesion neovascularization, was not altered by E2 treatment. Ischemic stroke-related angiogenesis and vessel formation was confirmed with immunolabeling of brain tissue and was not altered with E2 treatment. In summary, E2 treatment administered immediately following reperfusion significantly reduced lesion size, cyst formation, and brain atrophy while improving lesional CBF and accelerating recovery of functional deficits in a rat model of ischemic stroke.
Providing best practice in the management of atrial fibrillation in the United States.

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent arrhythmia. Patients with AF may report a variety of symptoms and often describe compromised quality of life. Atrial fibrillation increases the risk of stroke, heart failure, and all-cause mortality. Purpose The purpose of this review article was to provide an overview of AF management based on current guidelines and new data. Conclusions The 2011 American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association/Heart Rhythm Society guideline update provides diagnostic and management recommendations for the patient with AF based on the current evidence. Clinical implications Nurses are integral to the care of patients with AF. It is essential for nurses to stay apprised of current guidelines and new evidence so that the assessment, management, and education of the AF patients and their families can be optimized.
The Particulars of a Universal Politics: Hegel's Adaptation of Montesquieu's Typology

This article explores both the influence that Montesquieu's typology of regimes exerted on Hegel's thought and Hegel's ultimate rejection of Montesquieu's monarchical order, especially its cult of honor, as a plausible candidate for containing and expressing the citizen's “claims for private judgment, private willing, and private caprice.” Can Hegel provide a substitute model of a polity, neither republican nor despotic, which corrects the particularism of Montesquieu's monarchical society? Marx did not think so. His criticism of Hegel exactly parallels Hegel's criticism of Montesquieu. Hegel's dilemma may be expressed in more contemporary terms as the difficulty in reconciling the goals of “neutrality” and “communicative competence.” The latter reflects the concerns of Montesquieu's moral geography, whereas the former reflects the rather different preoccupations of the social contract tradition.
Termination of Immunologic Tolerance in Mice by Antigen-Antibody Complexes.∗

SummaryEisen and Karush(l) proposed a model for the extracellular control of immunity and tolerance based on the assumption that bimolecular antigen-antibody (AgAb) complexes stimulate antibody formation, while trimolecular Ag2Ab complexes induce immunologic tolerance because they are not taken up by the immunologically competent cells. The model predicts that it should be possible to initiate an immune response in cells from tolerant animals provided they are stimulated with the appropriate AgAb complexes. Newborn NIH white mice were made tolerant to human serum albumin (HSA). At 7 weeks of age, single-cell suspensions were prepared from the individual spleens of the tolerant animals and exposed in vitro to HSA and rabbit anti-HSA mixed in 1:1 or 10:1 molecular ratios, to HSA only, or to a salt solution. The spleen cells were then injected intraperitoneally in the same mouse from which they had been removed. After challenge with HSA in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, the mice were tested by the tanned-cell...
Key technology and application prospect of laser beaming motivation

Laser beaming motivation is an advanced technology which converts the high power laser beaming into electrical energy utilizing the principle of wireless power transmission,thus provides electricity supply for aerial vehicles, and realizes persistent flight without carrying any fuel. This technology has passed outdoor flight test,and good working performance is verified. The operating principle and key technologies of laser beaming motivation are analyzed. Moreover,the possible application directions of laser beaming motivation technology are proposed,which provides reference for its practical application.
Bottom-Up Context-Sensitive Pointer Analysis for Java

This paper describes a new bottom-up, subset-based, and context-sensitive pointer analysis for Java. The main novelty of our technique is the constraint-based handling of virtual method calls and instantiation of method summaries. Since our approach generates polymorphic method summaries, it can be context-sensitive without reanalyzing the same method multiple times. We have implemented this algorithm in a tool called Scuba, and we compare it with k-CFA and k-obj algorithms on Java applications from the DaCapo and Ashes benchmarks. Our results show that the new algorithm achieves better or comparable precision to k-CFA and k-obj analyses at only a fraction of the cost.
Human sperm penetration of zona-free hamster eggs after storage of the semen for 48 hours at 2° C to 5° C *

The motility of human spermatozoa and their ability to penetrate zona-free hamster eggs were examined after dilution of the semen with TES-Tris (TEST) yolk buffer and storage for 48 hours at 2° C to 5° C. Semen samples from 10 fertile donors and 19 infertility patients were studied. More than 65% of the spermatozoa which were initially motile in the TEST yolk buffer remained active after storage. During storage, the mean swimming speed of the sperm declined to approximately 60% of the prestorage value. The percentage of zona-free hamster eggs that were penetrated by spermatozoa from patients and donors increased significantly following 48 hours of storage at 2° C to 5° C. Normal semen and abnormal semen were equally preserved by this storage method. This procedure may be used to ship semen samples by commercial transportation to specialized laboratories for testing. Low temperature storage in the TEST yolk buffer appears to enhance the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa in vitro.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Examining the Relationship Between Violence and Addiction

Violence and addiction are widespread and interrelated problems that affect the health and well-being of individuals, families, and communities. Researchers from social work and other disciplines h...
ARIC hemostasis study--II. Organizational plan and feasibility study.

In our previous paper, we reported the development of a blood collection and processing system (BCPS) suitable for the ARIC multicenter hemostasis study. As an additional step of preparation for the ARIC study, we incorporated this BCPS into an organizational plan to increase efficiency and minimize errors. We initially designed organizational trays for blood collection tubes and aliquot tubes and developed a coordinated step-by-step plan for the orderly processing of blood samples. Once the plan was considered workable, we carried out a pilot study to test the feasibility of this integrated organizational plan. Included in the pilot study were 95 healthy subjects randomly selected from 4 ARIC field centers, whose age and gender were comparable to those projected for the ARIC population. We determined the time lapse of filling the first tube as an index of blood flow. The overall mean time-lapse was 23 s (S.D. = 5). There was no significant difference among the field centers. We also determined the entire time lapse required for completing the sample processing. The total processing time was always less than 60 min. By performing the processing of samples in pairs, all the samples from two subjects could be completely processed in 70 min. This greatly increased the efficiency of field center operation. We evaluated the potential in vitro hemostasis activation by measuring plasma beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 levels. The geometric means of both proteins were comparable to our previously reported results. Fibrinogen, factor VII, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, antithrombin III, protein C and activated partial thromboplastin time were analyzed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Non-Specific Hydrolytic Enzymes

We shall consider together here a group of enzymes that, in Drosophila, is poorly defined with respect to substrate specificity. Most of the work has taken advantage of artificial substrates, such as L-leucyl-β-naphthylamide, using diazonium salts to trap the naphthol released by enzymatic cleavage (Beckman and Johnson, 1964c). A few studies have used natural proteins as substrate, and determine general proteolytic activity in terms of amino acids (e.g., tyrosine) rendered acid soluble (Kikkawa, 1968).
CUDA Implementation of Computer Go Game Tree Search

Go is a fascinating game that has yet to be played well by a computer program due to its large board size and exponential time complexity. This paper presents a GPU implementation of PV-Split, a parallel implementation of a widely used game tree search algorithm for two-player zero-sum games. With many game trees, it often takes too much time to traverse the entire tree, but theoretically, the deeper the tree is traversed, the more accurate the best move found will be. By parallelizing the Go game tree search, we have successfully reduced the computation time, enabling deeper levels of the tree to be reached in smaller amounts of time. Results for the sequential and GPU implementations were compared, and the highest speedup achieved with the parallel algorithm was approximately 72x at 6 levels deep in the game tree. Although there has been related work with respect to game tree searches on the GPU, no exact best move search algorithms have been presented for Go, which uses significantly more memory due to its large board size. This paper also presents a technique for reducing the amount of required memory from previous game tree traversal methods while still allowing each processing element to play out games independently.
History and pathophysiology of ADHD.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), once considered to be a childhood disorder, is diagnosed in ~7 million adults in the United States, as reported by The National Comorbidity Study. Although it is now recognized that ADHD often persists into adulthood, the current diagnostic criteria is geared toward symptom identification in children. Symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity evolve over the life cycle and present differently in adults. Further complicating diagnosis is that ADHD is associated with multiple functional impairments and comorbid psychiatric disorders. The Multi-Modal Treatment Study of ADHD reported that only 32% of the study population had ADHD alone; 29% had ADHD plus oppositional defiant disorder and/or conduct disorder, 14% had ADHD plus anxiety or depression, and 25% had all three disorders. Optimal treatment utilizes a multi-modal approach including behavioral treatments combined with pharmacologic treatment strategies. Food and Drug Administration-approved medications for ADHD include the stimulants and nonstimulants, although tricyclic antidepressants and bupropion are also commonly used.In this monograph, Craig L. Donnelly, MD, reviews the history of ADHD and discusses the pathophysiologic progression of childhood symptoms into those commonly exhibited by adults. Next, Frederick W. Reimherr, MD, reviews comorbidity of ADHD and describes the Utah Criteria as a method of diagnosing adults through recollection of childhood problems. Finally, Joel L. Young, MD, reviews treatment approaches to adult ADHD and its comorbid conditions.
Home Discharge After Primary Elective Total Joint Arthroplasty: Postdischarge Complication Timing and Risk Factor Analysis.

Abstract Background Bundled payment programs for primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA) have identified reducing nonhome discharge as a major area of cost savings. Health care providers must therefore identify, risk stratify, and appropriately care for home-discharged TJA patients. This study aimed to analyze risk factors and timing of postdischarge complications among home-discharged primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients and risk stratify them to identify those who would benefit from higher level care. Methods Patients discharged home after elective primary THA/TKA from 2011 to 2014 were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using perioperative variables. Results A total of 50,376 and 71,293 home-discharged THA and TKA patients were included for analysis, of which, 1575 THA (3.1%) and 2490 TKA (3.5%) patients suffered postdischarge severe complications or unplanned readmissions. These patients were older, smokers, obese, and functionally dependent ( P P P Conclusion Risk factors can be used to predict which home-discharged TJA patients are at greatest risk of postdischarge complications. Given that this is a growing population, we recommend the development of formal risk-stratification protocols for home-discharged TJA patients.
Computer Simulation of Fracture in Small Scale Borehole Experiments in Oil Shale

The Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA), with support from the Bureau of Mines and the U.S. Geological Survey, has begun to develop technologies that can make untapped fossil fuel reserves economically extractible. As part of this ERDA program, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque (SLA), the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL), and the Laramie Energy Research Center, Laramie, Wyoming, have initiated in situ shale oil recovery programs. An important objective of these programs is to develop techniques for the in situ fracturing of oil shale to provide increased permeability and allow conversion of the shale kerogen to shale oil by appropriate thermal processing. This objective requires a quantitative understanding and description of the fracture and fragmentation of oil shale.
T regulatory cells (Treg) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) decrease during sunitinib treatment: Correlations with clinical responses and T helper 1/T helper 2 (Th1/Th2) bias

2526 Background: High numbers of regulatory T cells (Treg) and high expression of forkhead box transcription factor (FoxP3) in Treg are associated with decreased survival in various malignancies, l...
Quadrilateral Mesh Generation with a Provably Good Aspect Ratio Bound

A mesh is the discretization of a geometric domain into small, simple shapes. The focus of this project is the generation of strictly convex quadrilateral (quad) meshes with provable quality guarantees through the conversion of good quality triangle meshes of planar straight line graphs. The conversion is achieved with an algorithm that uses the dual graph of the input triangulation to quadrangulate small groups of triangles at a time [1,3,4]. A specific goal of the project is proving an upper bound on the aspect ratios of all quads in the mesh. We implement two different metrics to measure the aspect ratios of the quads in the generated meshes. The first metric simply takes the ratio of the longest edge to the shortest edge for each quad. The disadvantage of this method is that it does not take into account the angle measures of the quads. The second approach, a method developed by John Robinson [2], utilizes both edge lengths and angle measures to calculate aspect ratio. We develop code to produce empirical results for both metrics of aspect ratio measurement and histogram plots showing the distribution of quad aspect ratios in a given mesh. With these experimental results, we aim to prove that, given a good quality input triangle mesh with a minimum angle bound, we can give a provably good upper bound on aspect ratio for the resulting quad mesh.