cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Current Status of Corneal Limbal Stem Cell Transplantation in Humans

The cornea provides an accessible source of adult stem cells for cell-based therapies. Corneal stem cells have been discovered in the three primary strata—epithelium, stroma, and endothelium—of the cornea. Limbal epithelial stem cells are found on the surface and are able to differentiate into transient amplifying cells, which can regenerate epithelial tissues. Limbal stem cell deficiencies can result in epithelial defects, ulceration, corneal vascularization, chronic inflammation, scarring, and conjunctivalization of the cornea. Stromal stem cells share many properties with bone marrow-derived stem cells. Though stromal stem cell research is in the early stages, these cells may one day provide bio-prosthetic stromal material. Endothelial stem cells may be of particular importance due to endothelial cell damage during common surgeries and degenerative diseases. Current stem cell therapies focus on regeneration of the corneal surface by replacing limbal epithelial stem cells with corneal-derived cells, other adult stem cells or embryonic stem cells. Advances in cell culturing will hopefully soon be translated from bench to bedside to help in the treatment of severe ocular surface disease.
¿Energía nuclear en Chile?: los costos y beneficios de la opción de construir una central nuclear en 2020

En este trabajo se evalua el costo de la opcion de ser capaz de comenzar a construir la primera central nuclear en Chile en 2020. Lo anterior implica que para esa fecha (1) existe en Chile un regulador competente que cuenta con los conocimientos tecnicos necesarios para dar un permiso de operacion, que esta en condiciones de regular las operaciones de una central nuclear y el manejo del combustible nuclear y que habra autorizado el lugar y dado un permiso de obras; (2) se habra designado a un operador y se habra obtenido el correspondiente financiamiento, y (3) se habra especificado un sistema para el manejo del combustible nuclear y sus desechos. En ese momento el valor actual neto del proyecto podra calcularse y compararse con otras alternativas. Hasta entonces los fondos deberian gastarse en la elaboracion de un marco regulador y en la preparacion de la infraestructura fisica. Segun los supuestos y el modelamiento economico de este trabajo, Chile (o cualquier pais que contemple la posibilidad de construir su primera central nuclear) deberia estar dispuesto a invertir cierto monto en estos preparativos, aun si la central nuclear nunca llegue a construirse. El origen de los beneficios de escoger la opcion nuclear es la incertidumbre respecto del establecimiento y la forma que adoptaran los controles internacionales de las emisiones de dioxido de carbono, lo cual podria aumentar enormemente el costo de los combustibles fosiles. Asi pues, mientras mas incierto sea el costo social o el precio de mercado del dioxido de carbono, mayor sera la ventaja implicita de tener la opcion de construir centrales nucleares que no emiten carbono. En conclusion, por el momento la inversion mas rentable seria poner en marcha una iniciativa permanente para determinar (por ejemplo, a traves de sondeos trimestrales) si la opinion publica chilena esta dispuesta a comprometer, con conocimiento de causa, su apoyo a un programa nacional de energia nuclear.
Pathobiology and Pathogenesis

Histologic lesions in pigs induced by a highly virulent African swine fever virus (Lisbon 60) were compared with lesions induced by a moderately virulent ASF virus (Dominican Republic). The location of lesions in both groups of pigs suggest that ASF virus replicates in the mononuclear-phagocytic system and has a predilection for specific lineages of reticular cells (antigen processing cells). The histologic differences in the effect of high and moderately virulent ASF virus infection on these antigen processing cells suggests that the fate of these cells is a major factor in the development of an immune response and survival or death of the pig.
Geospatial Reasoning Ability of Business Decision Makers: Construct Definition and Measurement

Today’s organizations often gather large quantities of geographic and geo-spatially referenced data to support business decision-making. While there has been research into the significance of user characteristics on decision-performance when working with geospatial data, there is conflicting knowledge on the necessity of the geospatial reasoning ability of the decision-makers to ensure that efficient and effective decisions are made. As the amount of geographic and geospatiallyreferenced data expands, it is essential to develop a comprehensive understanding of how user characteristics, such as geospatial reasoning ability, influence decision performance. Furthermore, such an understanding is essential to the growth of knowledge within the human-computer interaction domain. This research introduces a new construct, Geospatial Reasoning Ability of Business Decision Makers, and presents a validated measurement scale to measure this construct.
An Inductor-based Real-time Monitoring and Control System for Tunable Cavity MEMS Filters

A monitoring and control system for tunable, silicon-based, evanescent-mode cavity filter is presented in this paper for the first time. The feedback system relies on inductive sensing to detect the deflection of the tuning MEMS membrane of the filter. The sensing inductor also functions as the electrostatic actuator of the membrane. Based on the reading from the sensing circuit, the electrostatic bias voltage is adjusted until the desired RF response is achieved. The system is demonstrated on a bandstop filter (BSF) tunable from 30–42 GHz, providing 24–52 dB rejection. The sensing circuit consumes 0.88 W per resonator from a single +5 V supply voltage. The circuits used are fully electronic and suitable for compact and low power embedding.
Employee-friendly practices, product market competition and firm value

In this paper, we examine whether employee‐friendly practices are associated with product market competition, and whether firm value is related to employee‐friendly practices and product market competition. Using a large sample of US firms, we find positive and significant associations between employee friendliness and product market competition, and between firm value and employee friendliness when product market competition is high, consistent with the value creation theory. Both positive relations hold when we account for corporate governance. In addition, using the list of Fortune's ‘100 Best Companies to Work For’ as an alternative measure of employee‐friendly policies, we find firms in more competitive industries are more likely to treat their workers favourably. Furthermore, we find that the market reaction is more positive when firms in more competitive industries are selected for the Fortune list.
Rhetorical counteraction in Kenneth Burke's A Rhetoric of Motives and The War of Words

ABSTRACTHowever esoteric Kenneth Burke's A Rhetoric of Motives seems at first glance, it remains highly relevant to our contemporary moment. As a philosophy of rhetoric that centers on the nature of human conflict, it helps audiences interpret the vicissitudes of political warfare with greater precision and insight. The value of A Rhetoric of Motives becomes even more apparent in light of its recently discovered second volume, The War of Words. Together, these two volumes offer a novel method of rhetorical counteraction that helps specialist and non-specialist audiences redress the threat of nationalistic war. Burke's approach to rhetorical counteraction is distinguished by the study of rhetorical devices across history. By approaching these devices systematically, Burke believed he could help his audience reframe their attitude toward evolving political events. The purpose of this article is to present a thorough account of Burke's method so that it can enrich how we teach and engage in public deliberati...
Supporting Learning Engagement with Online Students.

University students are increasingly demanding that traditionally taught courses are converted to an online platform. While quality standards are in place for the format and organization of online courses, professors often are left wondering what activities contribute to learning engagement for their online students. The research question driving this study was, what activities contribute to learning engagement for online students? To investigate this question, an online survey was conducted in one state university of all students taking an online course during the spring semester. With responses from 417 students and using three standardized scale variables for learning engagement, as well as two open-ended questions, course components related to strong learning engagement were identified and examined. Initial findings indicated a statistically significant moderate correlation of learning engagement with the use of higher-order learning and reflective and integrative learning techniques. Specifically, students who reported being highly engaged connected ideas from other courses, changed their understanding of a topic or concept, found connections between their learning and societal problems, and had fun. A regression model using these variables, along with control variables of student age, gender, and out-of-school work, resulted in an R 2 of 0.484, suggesting that almost half of the variance in learning engagement can be explained via this model. Further analysis of the qualitative data identified certain aspects of online discussions and assignments as engaging, such as discussions and interactive assignments that are not merely “fun” from a student perspective but also integrate previous learning and connect to current social issues. This includes prompting students with thought-provoking questions that relate to “real-world” situations and inviting students to share diverse opinions as well as develop personal perspectives.
Performance Evaluation of Feature-based Automatic Modulation Classification

Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC) is a vital component for intelligent receivers. Due to the rapid growth of wireless communications, modulation classification has become a critical factor for efficient and high-performing receiver designs. Automatic modulation classification impacts critical civilian and military applications. In civilian applications, various forms of quaternary and 16-point modulations (QASK, QFSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, etc.) are deployed. For this group of modulations, the two dominant AMC approaches proposed in the literature are Likelihood- (LB) and Feature-based (FB) classification. Feature-based approaches focus on five main properties: Signal Spectral-based Features, Wavelet Transform-based Features, High-order Statistics-based (HoS) Features, Cyclostationary Analysis-based Features and Graph-based Cyclic-Spectrum Analysis Features, all of which are employed to extract initial information for the classifier. In this work, we analyze the performance of automatic modulation classification applied for civilian modulations with various features under practical scenarios.
An extensible evaluation system for DoS research

Denial-of-Service (DoS) is a common form of cyberattack, and application-layer DoS is an increasingly common form of DoS that exploits the behaviour of applications on the network. Running application-layer DoS experiments is tedious because of the configuration and dependency-management needed. Currently there is poor support for researchers to run such experiments on their clusters, and this in turn hinders the development of DoS mitigations. This paper describes DoSarray, a tool for running application-layer DoS experiments on a computer cluster by using containers to both simplify the experiment setup and to create networks containing ×10 to ×100 larger address diversity than physical hosts. This tool is also intended to complement prior work that automates volumetric DoS experiments on research testbeds. DoSarray manages most mundane features of experiments: ranging from provisioning and pre-experiment checks, to measurement, analysis and graphing. We make the tool available for others to use and extend.
Recovery of symptom burden and functioning for patients with late discharge after an open surgery for GYN tumors.

e18083Background: The symptom burden and functional recovery of patients after hospital discharge is important to understand in order to provide more patient centered care. This study evaluated lon...
Pyrrolysine Analogues for Translational Incorporation into Proteins.

Review: design and synthesis of compounds that can act as effective pyrrolysine mimics, site specifical incorporation into proteins; ca. 60 refs.
Palliative Care Consultation Is Underutilized in Critically Ill General Surgery Patients.

Background:American College of Surgeons recommends palliative care and surgeons collaborate on the care of patients with poor prognoses. These collaborations are done to discuss symptom management ...
¡No más princesas! Reflexión de algunas teorías en la enseñanza del amor romántico de la literatura en la vida de los jóvenes actuales desde una perspectiva de género

espanolEl presente trabajo es una reflexion de diversas teorias (sociologicas, psicologicas, economicas y/o sociales) en la ensenanza del amor romantico de la literatura hacia los jovenes de hoy, con la finalidad de erradicar la preservacion de estereotipos que inducen a una diferenciacion generica que promueven la supremacia masculina y el control femenino. EnglishThis paper is a reflection of various theories (sociological, psychological, economic and / or social) in the teaching of romantic love of literature to young people today, with the aim of eradicating the preservation of stereotypes that induce a generic differentiation that promote male supremacy and female control.
Auricular neural stimulation as a new non-invasive treatment for opioid detoxification

The recent opioid crisis is one of the rising challenges in the history of modern health care. New and effective treatment modalities with less adverse effects to alleviate and manage this modern epidemic are critically needed. The FDA has recently approved two non-invasive electrical nerve stimulators for the adjunct treatment of symptoms of acute opioid withdrawal. These devices, placed behind the ear, stimulate certain cranial nerves with auricular projections. This neural stimulation reportedly generates a prompt effect in terms of alleviation of withdrawal symptoms resulting from acute discontinuation of opioid use. Current experimental evidence indicates that this type of non-invasive neural stimulation has excellent potential to supplement medication assisted treatment in opioid detoxification with lower side effects and increased adherence to treatment. Here, we review current findings supporting the use of non-invasive neural stimulation in detoxification from opioid use. We briefly outline the neurophysiology underlying this approach of auricular electrical neural stimulation and its role in enhancing medication assisted treatment in treating symptoms of opioid withdrawal. Considering the growing deleterious impact of addictive disorders on our society, further studies on this emerging treatment modality are warranted.
I, Trump: the cult of personality, anti-intellectualism and the Post-Truth era

This paper contextualizes Donald Trump’s political “Message” (Lempert and Silverstein 2012) within the current anti-intellectualism phenomenon in the Post-Truth era. Trump’s Presidential Announcement Speech marks the begin-ning of the Trump era, as it introduces critical traits of his persona, message and political agenda to the general audience. From a Discourse Analysis approach, this paper considers Aristotelian modes of persuasion and the multimodal concept of “Message” (ibid.), to contribute to the literature on Trump’s political communication by focusing on the cult of personality and self-representation (i.e. non-politician, overachieving businessman, great leader). Trump built his candidacy and presidency around his persona, distancing himself from the Republican Party and traditional politicians. These strategies allowed Trump to evoke an Ethos capable of saving America. His personal fight against every enemy and threat encapsulates a simple and ingenuous dichotomy “I vs. them” with the populist intention of completing a hyperbolic task: Make America great again
From Solidity to Liquidity: Macro-Level Consumption Patterns in the Sharing Economy:

Macro-level consumption patterns in ownership-based modernity have been identified as being predominantly passive, individualistic, private, and alienated. However, access-based consumption, the ne...
Determination of the energetic resolution of Schottky barrier visualization via interface band structure and parallel momentum conservation

The energetic resolution of Schottky barrier visualization is determined by utilizing differences in interface band structures between the Au/Si(001) and Au/Si(111) non-epitaxial interfaces and parallel momentum conservation of the carriers. The visualization technique is based on ballistic electron emission microscopy and spectroscopy, where tens of thousands of spectra are collected on a grid and then fit to extract a spatially resolved map and histogram of the electrostatic barrier height. A resolution of 10 meV is determined from the minimal splitting and eventual merging of the histograms as the gold thickness decreases for the Au/Si(001) and Au/Si(111) samples. This splitting is below previously measured differences in barrier heights extracted from computational modeling of measured barrier height distributions from other interfaces.
An algorithmic framework employing tensor decomposition and Bayesian inference for data reconstruction in intelligent transportation systems

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) collect traffic data from various sensors deployed in smart cities. Yet, such information that are ubiquitous in real-world transportation systems mainly suffer from irregular spatial and temporal resolution. Consequently, missing and incomplete traffic data are inevitable as a result of detector and communication malfunctions when collecting information from ITS. Reconstructing missing values is then of great importance yet challenging due to difficulties in capturing spatiotemporal traffic patterns. This paper presents a transportation data reconstruction/imputation model that leverages Bayesian inference and tensor decomposition/completion to effectively address the missing data problem. On this basis, Bayesian tensor train (TT) decomposition is incorporated with Markov chain Monte Carlo Gibbs sampler to learn parameters of the model. Results of the experiments indicate that the proposed Bayesian TT model can effectively impute missing traffic data with acceptable accuracy.
Benchmark multi-layer simulations for residual stresses and deformation in small additively manufactured metal parts

Abstract Scan pattern dependent (multi-track) residual stress buildup over multiple layers in the powder bed fusion process is governed by coupled thermo-mechanics. The high computational cost associated with these simulations has resulted in the general adoption of approximate computational methods. The numerical or thermo-mechanical accuracy of assumptions made in these computational methods is not fully characterized. If benchmark multi-track simulations for small size multi-layer parts are available, including temperatures, strain fields and deformation results, it will be possible to scientifically develop new approximation schemes or modify existing ones to improve their accuracy. Present work develops a suggestive benchmark using full multi-track thermomechanical simulations, with comparison to various approximate methods. The target configurations are simple prismatic geometries with 30 layers and up to 120 mm3 volume, illustrating the influence of domain size on the approximate results. Anticipating the future challenges of measuring stresses and deformation in these small benchmark geometries, an experimental setup based on sheet metal forming principals is demonstrated numerically. The proposed setup will provide a methodology to experimentally validate these benchmarks.
A survey of experiments and experimental facilities for control of flexible structures

This paper presents a survey of U.S. ground experiments and facilities dedicated to the study of active control of flexible structures. The facilities will be briefly described in terms of capability, configuration, size and instrumentation. Topics on the experiments include vibration suppression, slewing and system identification. Future research directions, particularly of the NASA Langley Research Center's Controls/Structures Interaction (CSI) ground test program, will be discussed.
Max Weber and the Path from Political Economy to Economic Sociology

This book examines the largely-neglected shift in Max Weber’s work from political economy to economic sociology. Considering the importance of his recognition—made during his research on the Protestant Ethic—of the reciprocal influences that exist between economics and society and the role of this realization in prompting him to rethink the study of political economy, the author sheds fresh light on his emerging belief that the study of the relationship between economic factors and social issues required a new discipline. A study that charts an important development in the thought of one of the founding figures of sociology, this volume will appeal to scholars of social theory with interests in the history of the field and the legacy of Max Weber.
Costs Associated with Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy Are Lower Than Anterior Temporal Lobectomy for Treatment of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Background Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive alternative to anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) for treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy. It has gained popularity as familiarity with technique increases and outcomes are better characterized. There has been no direct cost comparison between the 2 techniques in literature to date. The current study directly compares hospital costs associated with LITT with those of ATL patients and analyzes the factors potentially responsible for those costs. Methods Patients who underwent ATL (27) and LITT (15) were retrospectively reviewed for total hospital costs along with demographic, surgical, and postoperative factors potentially affecting cost. T-tests were used to compare costs and independent linear regressions, and hierarchical regressions were used to examine predictors of cost for each procedure. Results Mean hospital costs of admission for single-trajectory LITT ($104,929.88) were significantly less than for ATL ($134,980.04) (P = 0.001). In addition, length of stay, anesthesia costs, operative room costs, and postoperative hospitalization costs were all significantly lower in LITT. Conclusions Given the minimally invasive nature of LITT, it is associated with shorter length of stay and lower hospital costs than ATL in the first head-to-head comparison of procedural costs in literature to date. Long-term efficacy as it relates to these costs associated with LITT and ATL should be further investigated to better characterize the utility of LITT in temporal lobe epilepsy patients.
Deep learning inversion of gravity data for detection of CO2 plumes in overlying aquifers

Abstract We developed an effective U-Net based deep learning (DL) model for inversion of surface gravity data on a rectangular grid to predict 2-D high-resolution subsurface CO2 distribution along a vertical cross-section due to CO2 leakage through a wellbore within a deep CO 2 storage reservoir. We used synthetic data to model two types of CO2 leakage scenarios: one CO2 plume in a shallow aquifer (single plume case), and two plumes present at different depths (double plume case). The 3-D synthetic plume samples were created by sampling among predetermined CO2 plume depths, saturations, and volumes. The corresponding surface gravity data on a rectangular grid were generated by a 3-D forward model. The U-Net model detected 72% of single-plume samples, and one or both plumes in 75% of double-plume samples. Most of the undetected single plumes have small gravity field strengths below the typical noise level of 5 μGal. This model generated reproducible, reliable predictions with acceptable errors and demonstrated improved spatial resolution over the conventional least-squares inversion. In contrast to the conventional least-squares inversion, which often overestimates the size of its target and underestimates its density, this U-Net model accurately delineated the boundary of a target. Furthermore, this DL inversion detected deep, small, or low saturation CO2 plumes that are often more difficult to resolve with conventional gravity inversion methods. We note the limitations of this feasibility study , including the use of synthetic data with regular CO 2 plume shapes, and the prediction of a 2-D plume cross-section rather than the full 3-D plume, as well, we recognize the lower detection fraction for double-plume scenarios. Nevertheless, this study demonstrates that DL gravity inversion is a promising and potentially superior method to conventional least-squares inversion. Our U-Net based deep learning inversion approach may be adapted for inversion of other types of geophysical data. DL inversion can facilitate near real-time monitoring of geologic carbon sequestration to provide site operators with prompt information about subsurface CO 2 distribution for risk management and mitigation.
Generation and Amplification of Short 10μm Pulses

Ultrashort pulse of 10μm radiation, generated with a dye laser controlled semiconductor reflection switch, have been used to probe temporal pulse broadening during amplification in a multi-atmosphere TE CO2 gain module. At approximately 4 atmosphere the pulse duration deviates considerably from the duration predicted for a single pressure broadened gain line and by 7 atmospheres pulses regeneratively amplified to 108 times the initial power have a measured duration of ≲100 ps.
SU-E-T-358: Empirical Beam Angle Optimization for Lung Cancer Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy

Purpose: Creating an improved BAO can decrease the amount of time a dosimetrist spends on making a treatment plan, improve the treatment quality and enhance the tools an inexperienced dosimetrist can use to develop planning techniques. Methods: Using empirical data created by experienced dosimetrists from 69 patients treated for lung cancer, the most frequently used gantry angles were applied to four different regions in each lung to gather an optimal set of fields that could be used to treat future lung cancer patients. This method, given the moniker FAU BAO, is compared in 7 plans created with the Eclipse BAO choosing 5 fields and 9 fields. Results: The results show that the conformality index improved by 30% or 3% when using the 5 and 9 fields. The conformation number was better by 12% from the 5 fields and 9% from the 9 fields. The organs at risk (OAR) were overall more protected to produce fewer nonstochastic effects from the radiation treatment with the FAU BAO. Conclusion: Empirical methods for beam angle optimization is a viable method for IMRT treatment planning techniques.
Secure feedback service in wireless sensor networks

In many sensor network applications, it is critical for the base station to know the delivery (or execution) status of its broadcast messages (or commands). One straightforward way to do so is to let every sensor node send an authenticated acknowledgement (ACK) to the BS directly. However this naive solution is highly communication inefficient and may result in severe ACK implosion near the BS. In this paper, we propose a communication efficient scheme to provide secure feedback service in sensor networks. In our basic scheme, we use ACK aggregation to reduce the ACK traffic. Meanwhile we store audit information for each aggregation operation so that the BS can use the audit information to locate errors in the network. We further improve the basic scheme by constructing a balanced aggregation tree to reduce localization delay and using Bloom filters to reduce storage requirement in each sensor for storing audit information. We analyze the performance of the proposed scheme and show it achieves good bandwidth gain over the naive approach.
Performance evaluation of a self-tuning fuzzy controller

Using a self-tuning technique based on fuzzy metarules, the authors implemented a self-tuning fuzzy controller for a gas-fired water heater. They describe the implementation and its simulation results. The problem was to replace a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm with a fuzzy controller, using initial guesses as to the fuzzy membership functions and rules; to tune the fuzzy controller for optimum performance; and to compare the performance results to those from a PID controller. When tuned for a given set of operating conditions, the fuzzy controller matches or exceeds the PID controller performance. >
More than a Place to Eat

(1959). More than a Place to Eat. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 25-68.
Prominent roles of secondary anchor residues in peptide binding to HLA-A24 human class I molecules.

The binding capacity of large sets of peptides corresponding to naturally occurring sequences and carrying previously defined A24-specific motifs was analyzed. It was found that only a minority (9-25%) of the motif-carrying peptides bound the relevant HLA-A molecule with good affinity (IC 50% or = 500 nM). By correlating the presence of specific residue types at each position along the peptide sequence with average binding affinity, the prominent influence of specific secondary interactions (secondary anchor residues) was revealed. Moreover, secondary interactions appeared to be size-dependent in that the specific effects detected differed in 9-mer and 10-mer peptide sets. Based on these observations, A24-specific refined motifs were also established for both 9-mer and 10-mer ligands, and their merit was verified by testing the binding capacity of independent sets of synthetic peptides. Such refined motifs should facilitate accurate prediction of potential A24-restricted peptide epitopes. It was also noted that certain crucial secondary interactions appear to be remarkably similar in the case of A24 and other HLA-A molecules previously analyzed (A*0201, A3, A11, and others). This may reflect contributions to binding affinity of relatively invariant residues located within the polymorphic pockets of the HLA binding groove.
Social Contact Following Severe Aggression in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta): A New Test of the Consolation Hypothesis

Previous studies on macaque species revealed no evidence of consolation: affiliative contact between the loser of an aggressive interaction and a third party. However, typically, the researchers used short observation periods and latency to make first affiliative contact as a dependent measure. Based on social stress buffering literature, I predicted that by employing longer observation periods and percentage of time in affiliative contact as a dependent measure, I would be more likely to detect increases in affiliative contact following aggression. I observed adult female rhesus macaques for 1 hr after they received severe aggression and for 1 hr after some affiliative contact, and measured time spent in affiliative contact using instantaneous recording at 30-sec intervals. Contrary to prediction, victims of attack did not spend a greater percentage of time in affiliative contact postaggression as compared to postaffiliation. Subjects were also less likely to initiate contact with other individuals and were more likely to have contact with individuals that were dominant to their aggressor, following aggression. These results provide converging evidence that affiliative contact is not increased following aggression in macaques. I discuss the failure to bear out the predictions based on the social stress buffering literature in terms of rhesus social dynamics, the nature of aggression as a stressor, and possible mechanisms for the social stress buffering effect.
Colonic motor response to a meal in acute colitis

The symptoms of urgency, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort are exaggerated after a meal in inflammatory disorders of the colon, such as ulcerative colitis. The possible motor correlates of these symptoms were investigated in a model of acute colitis in six dogs. Each dog was instrumented with seven strain gauge transducers, two on the proximal, three on the middle, and two on the distal colon. After an overnight fast, 4-hour fasted recordings were made from the normal colon and after the colon had been cleansed on the previous day with Colyte (Reed & Carnrick, Piscataway, NJ). A 1300-kcal meal was then fed, and the recordings were continued for another 8 hours. Acute colitis was then induced by the perfusion of 10 mL of 75% acetic acid and confirmed with colonoscopy and biopsy. The fasted and postprandial recordings were repeated during the next 5 days. In the control state, ingestion of the meal increased the total duration per hour of contractile activity in the early (0-2 hours) and late (2-8 hours) postprandial periods in the distal colon. In the proximal and the middle colon, a significant increase in motor activity occurred only during the late postprandial period. Similar effects were observed in the cleansed colon. By contrast, there was no significant increase in motor activity after a meal during colitis in any of the postprandial periods in the cleansed or the uncleansed colon. During colitis, there was a significant increase in the incidence of giant migrating contractions in the fasted state. The ingestion of a meal further increased the frequency of giant migrating contractions in the uncleansed colon from 0.4 +/- 0.1 to 1.3 +/- 0.5 per hour in the late postprandial period. There was no significant increase during the early postprandial period. The increase in the late postprandial frequency of giant migrating contractions was associated with an increase in defecation frequency. It is concluded that the motor response of the colon to a meal is absent in acute colitis. The entry of new ingesta into the colon during the late postprandial period stimulates enteric mechanisms to initiate an excessive number of giant migrating contractions. These giant migrating contractions may be related to increased postprandial abdominal discomfort and increased frequency of defecation.
Galactic Emission of OH at 1720 MHz as a Tracer of Spiral Arms

New data show, more clearly than ever, that the anomalous emission of galactic OH at 1720 MHz is unequalled as a tracer of large-scale structures which appear to be spiral arms. The properties of the 1720 MHz OH clouds associated with these arms are those of giant molecular clouds.
Navigation among visually connected sets of partially distinguishable landmarks

A robot navigates in a polygonal region populated by a set of partially distinguishable landmarks. The robot's motion primitives consist of actions of the form “drive toward a landmark of class x”. To effectively navigate, the robot must always be able to see a landmark. Also, if the robot sees two landmarks of the same class, its motion primitives become ambiguous. Finally, if the robot wishes to navigate from landmark s 0 to landmark s goal with a simple graph search algorithm, then there must be a sequence of landmarks [s 0 , s 1 , s 2 , …, s k = s goal ], in which landmark s i is visible from si-1. Given these three conditions, how many landmark classes are required for navigation in a given polygon P? We call this minimum number of landmark classes the connected landmark class number, denoted χCL(P). We study this problem for the monotone polygons, an important family of polygons that are frequently generated as intermediate steps in other decomposition algorithms. We demonstrate that for all odd k, there exists a monotone polygon M k with 3 over 4 (k2 + 2k + 1) vertices such that χCL(P) ≥ k. We also demonstrate that for any n-vertex monotone polygon P, χCL(P) ≤ n/3 + 12.
Minimal-order circuit model based fast electromagnetic simulation

State-of-the-art electromagnetics-based circuit simulators perform circuit simulation on the physical layout of an integrated circuit, the size of which can be large even for an optimal-complexity simulator to analyze it efficiently. We find a frequency- and time-independent minimal-order model of the integrated circuit from DC to high frequencies for any prescribed accuracy based on electromagnetics. The model size is only two for RC circuits and minimal such as tens for RLC and fullwave circuits, regardless of the original circuit size and the number of input/output ports. Numerical experiments demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed minimalorder model based fast electromagnetic simulation.
Diffuse-Reflectance Spectra of Rare-Earth Oxides

Diffuse-reflectance spectra are reported for 11 rare-earth oxides of various structural types over the spectral range of 225–2700 mμ. These spectra, particularly in the near infrared, permit the use of diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy to identify rare-earth ions in solid materials.
The Vermont–Québec Border Region: Negotiations of Identity and Logic in the Northeast Kingdom

This article investigates the diverse relations of local residents with the Vermont–Quebec border. The research is situated in Vermont's Northeast Kingdom, a predominantly rural area with myriad ties to Quebec. Certain local residents are set apart from other residents and individuals not residing in the border region by the centrality of the border to their personal identities and modes of action. They also understand the border and border-related activities using a different set of logics. This can lead to misunderstandings and tensions, particularly surrounding policy changes concerning border regulations. This article concludes that, while not recognized as an identity group, these individuals do indeed form a separate category with particular, shared characteristics that will be unequally impacted by future social and policy changes on the border. Though much has been written on borders in general, and US borders in particular, this area has been understudied and offers a specific set of characterist...
Residential Choice, Mobility, and the Labor Market

Abstract There is substantial evidence suggesting that the process of suburbanization creates new job opportunities that are not equally exploited by all workers. In order to explain this phenomenon, a simple model is developed which incorporates borrowing constraints as an important restriction on moving decisions, obstructing the necessary labor flows between jurisdictions required to equalize (net) wages. In essence, people who cannot borrow will be restricted in terms of their capability of changing residence location and therefore will have limited possibilities of working in distant labor markets, or they will be subject to excessive commuting. Furthermore, the labor allocation induced by households' behavior facing these constraints affects consumer welfare, production, and producers' profits. The outcomes with perfect credit markets and with borrowing restrictions are calculated and the economic welfare levels are compared. As wages are flexible, they adjust to reflect the relative scarcity of workers present in each jurisdiction. Consequently, some of the negative effects of the borrowing constraints are compensated, so the outcomes cannot be easily compared. Some numerical examples are constructed to have an idea of the possible outcomes under different conditions. Finally, it is found that allowing for moving cost deductions from taxable income may help to alleviate the problem.
Transfer of Preference from Taught to Untaught Pieces of Non-Western Music Genres:

Cognitive transfer theory, specifically Thorndike and Woodworth's theory of identical elements, was applied to music preferences. Two separate but related issues were examined in this study: (a) th...
Spatial modelling in irregularly shaped regions: Kriging estuaries

Estuaries are among the earth's most valuable and productive environmental resources. To further our understanding of the impact of human activities on estuaries, there is a need for appropriate statistical methods for analyzing estuarine data. Estuaries possess a number of features that must be considered during spatial data analyses. Estuaries are irregularly shaped non-convex regions. Therefore, Euclidean distance may not be an appropriate distance metric for spatial analyses of estuaries, especially if the line segment connecting two sites intercepts land. Furthermore, some environmental variables may take deterministic values at estuarine boundaries. For example, shorelines are saturated with dissolved oxygen, and the salinity at estuarine mouths should be close to that of the ocean. This paper considers methods for spatial modelling and prediction using different distance metrics, and under fixed boundary conditions. These methods are illustrated using data from Charleston Harbor, an estuary on the coast of South Carolina, USA .
Dispersalist implications of Paraulacodus indicus: a South Asian rodent of African affinity

The rodent family Thryonomyidae, especially the middle Miocene Paraulacodus indicus from Pakistan, presents the minimum biogeographic and biostratigraphic conditions required to document intercontinental dispersal. Thryonomyids have a long evolutionary history in Africa, where the closest relatives (congeneric) to P. indicus occur. The Siwalik fossil record of the Indian Subcontinent is sufficient to precisely date the range of P. indicus and demonstrates the lack of a close relative in that region. A scenario of long distance dispersal from Africa to southern Asia in the middle Miocene best explains the Siwalik occurrence of P. indicus. Paraulacodus indicus is more closely related to P. johanesi and other African middle Miocene species than to the smaller Kochalia from older and coeval Siwalik stratigraphic horizons. We reconstruct two dispersal events of Thryonomyidae from Africa to the Indian Subcontinent, the first prior to 16.3 Ma, and the second about 13 Ma.
Purinyl N1-directed aromatic C-H oxidation in 6-arylpurines and 6-arylpurine nucleosides.

Palladium-catalyzed C–H bond activation and oxidation of C6 arylpurines as well as C6 arylpurine nucleosides can be accomplished using Pd(OAc)2/PhI(OAc)2 in CH3CN. Despite the presence of four nitrogen atoms in the purine moiety as well as the polyoxygenated saccharide and a labile glycosidic bond in the nucleosides, these reactions can be effectively conducted. Notably, the generally more labile 2′-deoxyribonucleosides also undergo reaction. The reaction conditions can be tuned to yield either monoacetoxylated or diacetoxylated products predominantly. In the course of these investigations, a dimeric PdII-containing cyclopalladated C6 naphthylpurine derivative has been obtained and crystallographically characterized. This compound is competent in catalyzing the oxidization with PhI(OAc)2, indicating its plausible intermediacy in the chemistry. The X-ray structure of a monoacetoxylated product from this reaction has also been obtained.
Dynamic Cache Reconfiguration for Soft Real-Time Systems

In recent years, efficient dynamic reconfiguration techniques have been widely employed for system optimization. Dynamic cache reconfiguration is a promising approach for reducing energy consumption as well as for improving overall system performance. It is a major challenge to introduce cache reconfiguration into real-time multitasking systems, since dynamic analysis may adversely affect tasks with timing constraints. This article presents a novel approach for implementing cache reconfiguration in soft real-time systems by efficiently leveraging static analysis during runtime to minimize energy while maintaining the same service level. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to integrate dynamic cache reconfiguration in real-time scheduling techniques. Our experimental results using a wide variety of applications have demonstrated that our approach can significantly reduce the cache energy consumption in soft real-time systems (up to 74p).
Parasitism of Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) Associated with Texas Sorghum

More than 7,700 greenbug and nearly 2,200 corn leaf aphid mummies were collected from sorghum grown in the six vegetational regions of Texas. Adult parasites emerged from 5,635 of the collected greenbug mummies and 1,468 of the collected corn leaf aphid mummies. Of the mummies producing adult parasites, 4,040 resulted in three species of hymenopterous primary parasites, Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) and Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) (Braconidae), and Aphelinus varipes (Foerster) ( =A. nigritus Howard) (Aphelinidae). The remaining 3,064 emerged adults represented five species of hymenopterous hyperparasites, Pachyneuron siphonophorae (Ashmead) and Asaphes lucens (Provancher) (Pteromalidae), Alloxysta sp. ( megourae complex) (Cynipidae), Aphidencyrtus aphidivorus (Mayr) (Encyrtidae), and Tetrastichus minutus (Howard) (Eulophidae). About 43% of the 7,103 aphid mummies produced hyperparasite species, or ca. 45% of the greenbug mummies and 35% of the corn leaf aphid mummies. Alloxysta sp. was always most common from L. testaceipes-produced mummies, and A. aphidivorus was usually most common from A. varipes -produced mummies. P. siphonophorae was nearly always the most common hyperparasite regardless of region or host aphid, Alloxysta sp. was usually second most common, and A. aphidivorus third most common. The survey did not recover any of the six species of exotic greenbug parasites previously imported from Europe and released in Texas or Oklahoma. These exotic parasite species are either not established or not yet exerting a significant influence on the greenbug.
Palatal closure in the mouse as demonstrated in frozen sections.

During development of the secondary palate, mouth-opening reflexes and swallowing movements have been observed previously. They have been assumed to be necessary in order to allow the descent of the tongue, thus enabling movement of the palatine shelves from a vertical position lateral to the tongue, to a horizontal position superior to the tongue. Interpretation of fixed, paraffin-embedded sections, showing large spaces in the oral cavity, has added to the concept that the tongue descends into a space. Hexane-quenched, cryostat-cut, frozen sections of fetal mice heads show that no oral space exists at any time during elevation of the palatine shelves. Interpretation of static micrographs indicates that prior to shelf elevation the tongue is in contact with the nasal septum above and the vertical palatine shelves laterally. When the shelves elevate they seem to “flow” dorsally and interpose themselves between the tongue inferiorly and the nasal septum superiorly.
Response of Carbon-Carbon Composites to Challenging Environments

Carbon-carbon composites are an emerging class of composite materials having a unique combination of high-temperature properties and low densities. These properties are attractive for hot structure and thermal protection system applications in future aerospace vehicles. Aerospace service environments of particular interest are cyclic temperature, oxidizing environments to 3000°F. For carbon-carbon composites to serve as practical engineering materials in such challenging environments, their long-term mechanical and chemical stability is essential. Many aspects of proposed service environments for these composites pose significant challenges to their satisfactory performance. Among these aspects are the oxidizing nature of the environments (including both high and low oxygen partial pressures), high temperatures, moisture, cyclic temperature service, and foreign-object impact. This paper presents results from materials performance evaluations which cover each of these parameters. The focus is on oxidation-resistant carbon-carbon composites intended specifically for multi-use aerospace applications. Results are presented for the carbon-carbon material currently in use on Space Shuttle and for newer, more advanced structural forms of these composites.