cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative review of antibody response to inactivated seasonal influenza vaccines.

Please cite this paper as: Seidman et al. (2012) Quantitative review of antibody response to inactivated seasonal influenza vaccines. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(1), 52–62. Background Seasonal influenza epidemics are associated with significant morbidity and mortality each year, particularly amongst young children and the elderly. Seasonal influenza vaccines have been available for decades, yet influenza remains a major public health threat in the US, sparking interest in studies evaluating the effectiveness of vaccination. Objectives We sought to identify determinants of serological responses to inactivated seasonal influenza vaccines including number of doses, adjuvant, and subject characteristics. Methods We reviewed 60 articles published between 1987 and 2006. We used weighted multiple logistic regression and random-effects models to evaluate how seroconversion and seroprotection rates varied with host and vaccine factors. Results Both children and seniors tended to have poorer immune responses compared to adults whereas use of adjuvant and a second vaccine dose tended to improve immune response. Pre-vaccination serological status had a large impact on the immune response to vaccination. We found substantial heterogeneity among studies, even with similar population settings and vaccination regimen. Conclusions Future studies should stratify their results by pre-vaccination serological status in an effort to produce more precise summary estimates of vaccine response.
Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia

Testational trophoblastic neoplasia includes invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, and placental site trophoblastic tumor. The overall care rate in the treatment of these tumors currently exceeds 90%. This success is the result of the inherent chemotherapy sensitivity of trophoblastic neoplasms, the effective use of the tumor marker human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for diagnosis of disease and monitoring of therapy, the referral of patients to or consultation with specialized treatment centers, the identification of prognostic factors that enhance individualization of therapy, and the development of active combinations of chemotherapy agents used in conjunction with irradiation and surgery to treat patients with the most advanced disease.
Are we ordering too many PSA tests? Prostate cancer diagnosis and PSA screening patterns for a single Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

Abstract Background. Limits on the frequency of PSA testing and an endpoint for the age of the screened population have not been established. The numbers of performed serum PSA tests, cost evolution, and utilization patterns by various subspecialties in one medical center were analyzed to gain insight into trends in screening for early detection of prostate cancer and gather information about the appropriate use of PSA testing. Method. Computerized records were reviewed for numbers of PSA tests obtained, prostate biopsies performed, and prostate cancer cases diagnosed in the VA NJ‐Health Care System from 1996 to 1998. In addition, PSA tests performed during two representative weeks in 1996 and 1997 were analyzed to evaluate a smaller cohort of patients with regard to age, consequences of the test results in their management, and subspecialties ordering the tests. Results. PSA testing increased steadily between 1992 and 1998, with the most significant change (152% increase) between 1997 (9,410 tests) and 1...
Laboratory detection of the MgNH2 radical (X2A1)

The MgNH2 radical has been detected in the laboratory for the first time in its 2A1 ground state using techniques of millimeter-wave spectroscopy. This short-lived species was created using Broida oven methods. Multiple Ka asymmetry components were recorded for MgNH2 in 12 rotational transitions in the frequency range 129-527 GHz, and spin-rotation splittings were resolved in every component. A total of 251 separate lines were measured. An intensive search for a possible inversion state in MgNH2 was also conducted but proved negative. This data set has been modeled with an S-reduced Hamiltonian and very accurate rotational, centrifugal distortion, and spin-rotation parameters have been determined for magnesium amide. This study strongly suggests that the radical is planar with C2v symmetry, although small barriers to planarity cannot be ruled out. MgNH2 could be produced in interstellar/circumstellar gas from the association reaction of Mg+ + NH3, as predicted by theory.
Ceramide-1-Phosphate in Phagocytosis and Calcium Homeostasis

Sphingolipids are well established sources of important signaling molecules. For example, ceramide (Cer) has been described as a potent inhibitor of cell growth and inducer of apoptosis. In contrast, ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) has been reported to have mitogenic properties and to inhibit apoptosis. Our understanding of the distinct biological roles of C1P in the regulation of DNA synthesis, inflammation, membrane fusion and intracellular Ca2+ increase has rapidly expanded. C1P is a bioactive sphingolipid formed by the phosphorylation of ceramide catalyzed by ceramide kinase (CERK). This chapter specifically focuses on the role of C1P in phagocytosis and Ca2+ homeostasis. Studies of the metabolism of C1P during phagocytosis, may lead to a better understanding of its role in signaling. Potentially, the inhibition of CERK and C1P formation may be a therapeutic target for inflammation.
ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES OF EXPERIMENTAL LEUKEMIAS. I. SEROLOGICAL STUDIES IN VITRO WITH SPONTANEOUS AND RADIATION-INDUCED LEUKEMIAS.

Antisera prepared in C57BL/6 mice against several spontaneous or radiation-induced leukemias of strain A, or against a radiation-induced (C57BL/6 x 7)F/sub 1/ leukemia, were cytotoxic in vitro for the cells of 14 radiation- induced C57BL/6 leukemias and 1 CS7BL/6 leukemia induced by urethan. These aotiseia were not cytotoxic for any of the normal C57BL/6 tissues studied. Specific cytotoxic activity was removed by absorption with those C57BL/6 leukemias that are sensitive in the cytotoxic test, but not by normal C57BL/6 tissue. Cytotoxic activity was removed by absorption with normal thymus of strains 7, (C57BL/6 x A)F/sub 1/, and C58, but not with normal thymus of several other strains, including C57BL/6. Normal strain A tissues, other than thymus, did not absorb specific cytotoxic activity. These serological data indicate the presence of a common antigenic component in certain C57BL/6 leukemias and in the normal thymus and leukemias of strains A and C58 origin. In conformity with presence of the antigen in the thymus of normal strain A mice, cytotoxic activity against strain A leukemias was not demonstrable in the sera of strain A mice immunized against cross-reacting C57BL/6 leukemias. (auth)
Catalytic spectrum of the penicillin-binding protein 4 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a nexus for the induction of β-lactam antibiotic resistance.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterial pathogen. A primary contributor to its ability to resist β-lactam antibiotics is the expression, following detection of the β-lactam, of the AmpC β-lactamase. As AmpC expression is directly linked to the recycling of the peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall, an important question is the identity of the signaling molecule(s) in this relationship. One mechanism used by clinical strains to elevate AmpC expression is loss of function of penicillin-binding protein 4 (PBP4). As the mechanism of the β-lactams is PBP inactivation, this result implies that the loss of the catalytic function of PBP4 ultimately leads to induction of antibiotic resistance. PBP4 is a bifunctional enzyme having both dd-carboxypeptidase and endopeptidase activities. Substrates for both the dd-carboxypeptidase and the 4,3-endopeptidase activities were prepared by multistep synthesis, and their turnover competence with respect to PBP4 was evaluated. The endopeptidase a...
Substance Abuse and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in War Veterans

Little research has been done on the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its link to alcohol and substance use among combat veterans. In 1983, a congressional mandate ordered a study of PTSD and other postwar psychological problems among Vietnam veterans. Many veterans do not recognize the symptoms of PTSD and therefore are unaware that the symptoms have led to alcohol and substance use. A questionnaire was designed to examine veterans at the Helping Up Mission in Baltimore, Maryland, to determine if the veterans at the mission exhibited symptoms of PTSD. Thirty veterans were given a simple questionnaire that outlined symptoms of PTSD. Participants were to indicate whether they experienced PTSD symptoms as defined on the 25-item questionnaire. The responses were rated from 1 to 5 (1 = not at all; 2 = a little bit; 3 = moderately; 4 = quite a bit; and 5 = extremely). Based on this study, no relationship was found between PTSD and substance abuse. Further research should be conducted using a...
Banked fibula and the locking anterior cervical plate in anterior cervical fusions following cervical discectomy

Eighty-eight consecutive patients underwent anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) with banked fibula fusion and internal fixation using the locking cervical plate. Pathology included cervical spondylotic radiculopathy in 48, cervical spondylotic radiculomyelopathy in 30, cervical facet dislocations with associated disc herniations in six, and autologous iliac crest graft collapse pseudoarthrosis with recurrent symptoms in four patients. Operations were single-level banked fibula fusion with plating in 37, multilevel banked fibula fusion with plating in 45, and combined single-level ACD banked fibula fusion with plating and posterior fusion in six patients. The only perioperative complication was transient hoarseness. There were no transfusions, infections, neurological injuries, or deaths. The mean time in the hospital for the nontraumatic cases was 1.8 days. The mean follow up was 22 months (range 12-30 months). There has been no motion at the fused level on flexion/extension films, no kyphosis, no screw plate backout, and no banked fibula has suffered graft collapse. Following a high-speed motor vehicle accident 6 months after a multilevel fusion, one alcoholic man suffered a fractured plate with transient worsening of neck pain, and the plate has remained in place for an additional 11 months of follow-up care. Compared to 100 consecutive autologous iliac crest fusions performed by the same surgeon, there were significantly fewer graft-related complications (p < 0.001). There was a significantly greater chance of autologous iliac crest collapsing with the passage of time as compared to banked fibula. Time until return to work was shorter by 5 weeks for the plate/banked fibula group (p < 0.05). When fusion is considered following ACD, the combination of banked fibula and locking cervical plates is significantly superior to autologous iliac crest grafts.
Unsymmetrical Dirhenium Complexes That Contain [Re2]6+ and [Re2]5+ Cores Complexed by Tridentate Ligands with P2O and P2N Donor Sets

The quadruply bonded dirhenium(III) complex (n-Bu4N)2Re2Cl8 reacts with tridentate ligands that contain essentially planar P,O,P donor sets to afford the complexes Re2Cl6(η3-L1) (3) (L1 = bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether) and (n-Bu4N)[Re2Cl7(η1-L2)] (4) (L2 = 4,6-bis(diphenylphosphino)dibenzofuran). Spectroscopic and electrochemical data support the unsymmetrical structure Cl4ReReCl2(η3-L1) in the case of 3, while 4 contains monodentate P-bound L2; both complexes contain ReRe bonds. The synthon cis-Re2(μ-O2CCH3)2Cl4(H2O)2 reacts with ligands L1, L2, 2,6-bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)pyridine (L3), bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]amine (L4), and N,N-bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]trimethylacetamide (L5) to give the paramagnetic complexes Re2(μ-O2CCH3)Cl4(η3-Ln) (5−9) with Re bonds. The lability of the μ-acetato ligands in 5−9 has been demonstrated by the reactions of compounds 5 (n = 1) and 7 (n = 3) with 4-Ph2PC6H4CO2H, 2-Ph2PC6H4CO2H, and quinoline-4-carboxylic acid to give complexes 10−12 (from 5) and...
Magnetization exchange network editing: mathematical principles and experimental demonstration

Abstract We have examined analytically the effects of different NMR magnetization exchange network editing (MENE) procedures, starting from equilibrium or nonequilibrium conditions, on generalized systems that undergo magnetization exchange (cross-relaxation and/or chemical exchange). Larger errors in derived exchange rate constants are found in experiments that start from nonequilibrium states than in those that start from equilibrium. On the other hand, editing experiments that decompose the dynamic matrix into two or more block diagonal submatrices generally yield more accurate exchange rate constants. Theoretical arguments, backed up by experimental results, demonstrate that MENE experiments lead to increased rates of relaxation for the edited cross and diagonal peaks. We describe a new class of heteronuclear editing experiment in which the system starts from a nonequilibrium state and is edited during the mixing period. In an experimental application of this approach to the spectral analysis of a small protein, recombinant human ubiquitin (M r 8565) labeled uniformly with 15 N and 13 C, we demonstrate how the cross-relaxation network of the protein can be decomposed simultaneously into subnetworks of 15 N-bound protons, aliphatic 13 C-bound protons, aromatic 13 C-bound protons, and ( 12 C/ 14 N/O)-bound protons. Such a decomposition permits the measurement of slower magnetization exchange rates, including those that are masked in conventional cross-relaxation experiments.
Spaces of ideology in South Slavic films

ABSTRACTThe article opens with a brief overview of the political circumstances that helped or hindered the development of the film industry in the former Yugoslavia and its successor states, in particular Croatia, Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. Several critical points in Yugoslav cinema in the pre-1991 period are outlined, underscoring a bifurcation of official and subversive films. A similar tendency is then observed in the post-1991 period, when nationalistic policies in the new states resulted in government-sponsored films and ‘irreverent’ films that undermined official discourse. This backdrop serves for further investigation into the ways in which external political factors affected the narrative morphology of regional films in the socialist and post-socialist periods. It is shown that the notion of movement-through-space is frequently exploited as a cohesive element on the narrative level, only to yield opposite ideological constructs: the narratives of Partisan films tend to be structured around th...
THE ALVEOLAR PORES OF PNEUMONIA

Evidence is seen in Fig. 1 that the alveoli are lined with a continuous epithelium. In Fig. 2 there has been extensive shedding of the epithelium and broad sheets of fibrin are attached to the alveolar wall. On the right the exudate has escaped from both sides of the alveolar wall and the network of fibrin has begun to appear beneath the epithelium on its upper side. Owing, however, to the fact that the epithelium is still intact, though slightly raised from the surface, no pore has been formed. In Fig. 3 the exudate has found its exit from a very definite point and has been converted into fibrin which radiates into the alveolus. No pore has resulted because the epithelium on the opposite side of the alveolus is still intact. In Fig. 4 the epithelium has been pushed off from diametrically opposite sides of the alveolar wall and a pore has been formed with a thread of fibrin passing from one alveolus to an adjoining alveolus. Pores are as numerous in edema due to mitral stenosis with in sufficiency of the valves as in pneumonia, but there are no threads of fibrin to direct attention to them. This study confirms my previously expressed opinion-pores are not normal, preformed openings.
Electronic structure of (GaAs) 2

Abstract Complete space self-consistent field (CASSCF) followed by multireference singles+doubles CI (MRSDCI) calculations are carried out on (GaAs) 2 . Several isomers (rhombus, linear, trapezium) are considered as probable structures. The ground state of (GaAs) 2 is found to be of 1 A g symmetry with an equilibrium structure of a rhombus ( r e (GaAs) = 2.68 A, r e (AsAs) = 2.3 A. Analysis of the bonding orbitals reveals multiple bonding between the As atoms in the rhombus structure.
Hierarchy of evidence and appraisal of limitations (HEAL) grading system

Despite more than 30 years of effort that has been dedicated to the improvement of grading systems for evaluating the quality of research study designs considerable shortcomings continue. These shortcomings include the failure to define key terms, provide a comprehensive list of design flaws, demonstrate the reliability of such grading systems, properly value non-randomized controlled trials, and develop theoretically-derived systems for penalizing and promoting the evidence generated by a study. Consequently, in light of the importance of grading guidelines in evidence-based medicine, steps must be taken to remedy these deficiencies. This article presents two methods--a grading system and a measure of methodological bias--for evaluating the quality of evidence produced by an efficacy study.
Sustained transgene expression via citric acid-based polyester elastomers

Polymeric scaffolds are an important tool in tissue engineering and gene delivery using porous scaffolds can be a viable approach to control tissue response. Herein we describe the use of a biodegradable polyester elastomer, poly(1,8-octanediol-co-citrate) (POC), as a substrate for plasmid immobilization and cellular transfection of colonizing cells. Plasmid (pDNA), either complexed with poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) forming polyplexes or in its native state, was surface-immobilized onto POC scaffolds via adsorption. Polyplex-containing scaffolds showed higher loading and slower initial rates of release than naked pDNA-containing scaffolds. Seeding of HEK293 cells and porcine aortic smooth muscle cells (PASMC) onto polyplex loaded-scaffolds demonstrated cell proliferation and transfection in vitro up to 12 days, significantly longer relative to bolus transfection. In vivo, transfection was evaluated using the mouse intraperitoneal (IP) fat model. In contrast to the in vitro study, successful long-term transgene delivery was only achieved with the naked pDNA-containing scaffolds. In particular, naked pDNA-containing scaffolds promoted high levels of both luciferase and green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in vivo for 2 weeks. The results demonstrate that POC scaffolds are a suitable material for substrate-mediated gene delivery. POC scaffolds can potentially support long-term biological cues to mediate tissue formation through non-viral gene delivery.
Assessing a Presidential Transition Bill Clinton’s Inaugural Year

A presidential administration transition is a crucial time for establishing an effective governance style and reflects the president’s own personality. Presidents are concerned with building a coherent, cohesive team as they move from their electoral victory to implementing their vision for the country through legislative successes. A successful president displays an entrepreneurial mind-set as he proceeds throughout his 1st year to achieve early legislative victories, which establish the president as an effective president. This entrepreneurial approach requires cold-blooded politics and eschews inordinate concern for individuals, issues, and policies, and, this entrepreneurial approach is predicated on nimble governance and shrewd implementation. Nimble governance is choosing among alternative priorities, avoiding blunders, and maneuvering in the face of opposition. Shrewd implementation results in a few, carefully selected initiatives that are announced early, lobbied energetically, enacted swiftly, an...
Diol dehydratase: N-terminal amino acid sequences and subunit stoichiometry.

N-terminal sequence analysis of diol dehydratase and its constituent subunits shows that the ratio of the 60K:51K:29K:15K subunits in the native enzyme is 2:1:2:2. From the amino acid compositions of the individual subunits diol dehydratase appears to be a peripheral membrane protein.
Advanced glycosylation end products in tissue and the biochemical basis of diabetic complications.

IN this seminar we review recent studies suggesting that the central pathologic features of diabetic complications are caused by the hyperglycemia-accelerated formation of nonenzymatic advanced gly...
Effect of Weight Loss After Weight Loss Surgery on Plasma N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels

Natriuretic peptides have multiple beneficial cardiovascular effects. Previous cross-sectional studies have indicated that obese subjects have lower natriuretic peptide concentrations than those of normal weight. It is not known whether this relative natriuretic peptide deficiency is reversible with weight loss. We studied 132 obese subjects undergoing weight loss surgery with serial measurement of plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations at preoperative, early (1 to 2 months), and late postoperative (6 months) points. In addition, 20 subjects also underwent echocardiography at baseline and 6 months after surgery. Significant weight loss was observed after surgery (median body mass index 45.1, 41.0, and 32.9 kg/m 2 for the 3 corresponding points, analysis of variance p
Improved sorting algorithms for parallel computers

We make observations that improve processor utilization and decrease communication overhead for several parallel sorting algorithms. These lead to constant factor improvements on the best previous parallel sorting bounds for both mesh-connected and linearly connected parallel architectures [2,12] (Previous bounds were within a constant factor of optimal.). These improved bounds are achieved using fewer processors with greater processor utilization.
Behavioral investigation of some possible effects of the central olivocochlear pathways in transgenic mice.

Abstract This study investigated the auditory behaviors of transgenic mice with deletions of α9 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits. In the normal mammalian cochlea, the mechanical properties of outer hair cells are modified by the release of acetylcholine from olivocochlear efferent terminals. Electrophysiological correlates of this efferent feedback have not been demonstrated in α9 knockout mice, presumably because they are mediated by α9 receptors. Previous studies have associated lesions of olivocochlear pathways with hearing impairments in background noise. The prediction that α9 knockout mice would show similar deficits was tested by collecting psychophysical thresholds for tone detection and intensity discrimination from knockout mice, within-strain control subjects, and CBA/CaJ mice. Comparable performance was observed for the subject groups in quiet and in continuous background noise. The preservation of auditory function in α9 knockout mice suggests that central efferent pathways work in combination with the peripheral olivocochlear system to enhance hearing in noise, and may compensate for profound manipulations of peripheral feedback in highly routine testing procedures. An intriguing possibility is that these central mechanisms include the brainstem collaterals of olivocochlear neurons since their post-synaptic targets do not express α9 receptors and therefore are likely to maintain their effects in α9 knockout mice.
Coordinatively Unsaturated Polynuclear Mixed-Valent SnII-SnIV and CuII-SnIV Oxo-Centered Carboxylates

The tetranuclear mixed-valent oxo-cluster [SnIISnIVO(O2CCF3)4]2 (1) has been prepared by reacting SnCl2 with AgO2CCF3 in a sealed ampoule at 90 °C. Alternatively, 1 was obtained by acidolysis of Ph3SnSnPh3 with trifluoroacetic acid in solution. The X-ray diffraction study of 1 revealed the presence of a SnIIOSn 2 IV OSnII core comprised of the penta-coordinated divalent and six-coordinated tetravalent tin atoms. The 119Sn NMR studies confirmed the stability of the cluster in solution and the presence of two different oxidation states of tin. An acidolysis of Ph3SnSnPh3 in the presence of [Cu 2 II (O2CCF3)4] followed by sublimation of the resulting product at 90 °C afforded the first trinuclear mixed metal Sn–Cu cluster [(C6H5)2Sn 2 IV CuIIO(O2CCF3)6] (2). The X-ray diffraction analysis of 2 revealed the presence of two phenyl groups attached to the six-coordinated tin(IV) atoms and the tetragonal pyramidal environment of the copper(II) atom. Both complexes have been obtained free of exogenous ligands.
Professional Capacity and Accountability: An Introduction

T his special issue furthers the conversation begun in the August 2014 of edition of Education Policy Analysis Archives in the article Accountability for College and Career Readiness: Developing a New Paradigm by Linda Darling-Hammond, Gene Wilhoit, and Linda Pittenger. That paper posits that as schools across the country take on the challenge of preparing all children for success in college, career, and life, states must in turn move toward creating more aligned systems of assessment and accountability. The authors recommend, “an accountability approach that focuses on meaningful learning, enabled by professionally skilled and committed educators, and supported by adequate and appropriate resources, so that all students regardless of background are prepared for both college and career when they graduate from high school” (p. 1). In this, the second of three focused volumes of EPAA, we hope to further that discussion and debate by focusing, one issue at a time, on each of the three elements of a truly responsible accountability system: 1) meaningful learning, 2) professional capacity and accountability, and 3) equitable and wisely used resources.
Wellsite Wet Gas Measurement System in Saudi Arabia

This paper describes an automated and compact wet gas-metering system that was installed and tested successfully at Saudi Aramco. The paper also describes the technology for determining individual liquid rates in production streams using the tracer dilution technique and its application in Saudi Aramco. The system operates at a wellsite and provides continuous online measurements of liquid and gas rates for a gas well. The wet gas metering system provides reliable measurement of well producing rates and, in turn, better control of field operations and more accurate production allocation. As a part of the wet gas metering system; the tracer dilution technology is capable of determining the magnitude of individual liquid flow rates at the wellhead, without separating the produced fluid. For a wet gas producer, this technique combined with a venturi meter can provide a three-phase measuring system, a complete alternative to a conventional welltest separator facility. The wet gas metering system is based on the venturi principle to measure gas and condensate. The venturi principle is a proven technique which has been commercially used in oil and gas metering for years. Venturi meters have the advantages of high pressure and temperature ratings, low pressure loss, minimal wear and well established correction factors to account for entrained liquids. The rate of the entrained liquids will be measured by the tracer dilution technique. The tracer dilution technique involves the injection of fluorescent tracers, one for hydrocarbon liquid and one for water, into the flowline and the subsequent collection of a sample at a suitable distance downstream of the injection point. The fluorescent intensity ratio of injected tracer to collected sample is used to determine the oil/condensate and water flow rates. The tracer dilution technique is viewed as a feasible and economical option to measure liquid rates in wet gas flow streams. The tracer dilution equipment is self-contained, compact, and portable. Saudi Aramco has field-tested tracer technology in conjunction with wellsite venturi meters, as an alternative to centralized conventional test separators. Field application showed water and condensate measurement to be within +/- 10% and a gas rate measurement to be generally less than 5% of the conventional measurement technique.
Spontaneous desorption of vibrationally excited molecules physically adsorbed on surfaces

Abstract The energy within a vibrationally excited physisorbed molecule often exceeds that needed to break its bond to the surface. Energy transfer from the vibrating chemical bond to the surface bond causes the surface bond to rupture and the vibrationally relaxed adsorbate is released from the surface. We present a theoretical model which allows an estimation of the residence time of a vibrationally excited adsorbate on a surface. Because of uncertainties in the nature of the surface bond, the lifetimes obtained from the analytical expressions presented have only qualitative significance. The results are interpreted in terms of Franck-Condon overlaps between the wavefunctions which describe the adsorbate-substrate complex and the released adsorbate. Lifetimes are calculated for hydrogen isotopes adsorbed on sapphire surfaces. Guide-lines are given for estimating lifetimes of other systems in terms of a few easily calculated parameters. Let us summarize this guide to spontaneous desorption of physically adsorbed vibrationally excited molecules. The most efficient desorption processes will occur for adsorbates with a small number of bound states ( d 0 small) and when released the adsorbate has small translational momentum (small q m ). This momentum gap correlation is most succinctly revealed by fig. 3. Smaller translational momentum will be achieved if the adsorbate can take up energy into its internal motions. Absorption of energy into lattice modes of the substrate will also serve to reduce the translational momentum and provide for more efficient desorption. However, if the vibrational frequency of the adsorbate is in near resonance with surface polarons or plasmons of the substrate, energy transfer to the solid will be so efficient that desorption will be quenched. A test of these possible relaxation channels awaits the first experimental measurements of desorption of vibrationally excited molecules.
Fragrance material review on (3aα,4α,6α,7α,7aα)-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3-methyl-5-methylene-4,7-methano-1H-inden-6-yl acetate

A toxicologic and dermatologic review of (3aalpha,4alpha,6alpha,7alpha,7aalpha)-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3-methyl-5-methylene-4,7-methano-1H-inden-6-yl acetate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
CONSISTENT COVARIANCE MATRIX ESTIMATION FOR LINEAR PROCESSES

Consistency of kernel estimators of the long-run covariance matrix of a linear process is established under weak moment and memory conditions. In addition, it is pointed out that some existing consistency proofs are in error as they stand.
Chromatographic separation of the degradation products of pralidoxime iodide (pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide).

A satisfactory method for the separation and identification of in vitro breakdown products of pralidoxime iodide (PAM; pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide; 2-hydroxyiminomethyl-N-metnylpyridinium iodide) by paper chromatographic techniques is described
A First-Principles Based Methodology for Design of Axial Compressor Configurations

A multi-objective technique for designing single stage compressors is described. The blade geometry is defined as a function of known parametric equations, and the coefficient multipliers are viewed as design variables. A design of experiment approach is used to reduce the large combinations of design variables into a smaller subset. A response surface method is used to approximate the performance (total pressure rise, and adiabatic efficiency) as a function of design variables, and an optimum configuration is determined. This method has been applied to a rotor-stator combination similar to NASA Stage 35 with encouraging results.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Seasonal changes in estuarine dissolved organic matter due to variable flushing time and wind-driven mixing events

Abstract This study examined the seasonality of dissolved organic matter (DOM) sources and transformations within the Neuse River estuary (NRE) in eastern North Carolina between March 2010 and February 2011. During this time, monthly surface and bottom water samples were collected along the longitudinal axis of the NRE, ranging from freshwater to mesohaline segments. The monthly mean of all surface and bottom measurements made on collected samples was used to clarify larger physical mixing controls in the estuary as a whole. By comparing monthly mean trends in DOM and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) properties in surface and bottom waters during varying hydrological conditions, we found that DOM and CDOM quality in the NRE is controlled by a combination of discharge, wind speed, and wind direction. The quality of DOM was assessed using C:N ratios, specific ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm (SUVA254), the absorption spectral slope ratio (SR), and the humification (HIX) and biological (BIX) indices from fluorescence. The NRE reflects allochthonous sources when discharge and flushing time are elevated at which times SUVA254 and HIX increased relative to base flow. During periods of reduced discharge and long flushing times in the estuary, extensive autochthonous production modifies the quality of the DOM pool in the NRE. This was evidenced by falling C:N values, and higher BIX and SR values. Lastly, a combination of increased wind speed and shifts in wind direction resulted in benthic resuspension events of degraded, planktonic OM. Thus, the mean DOM characteristics in this shallow micro-tidal estuary can be rapidly altered during episodic mixing events on timescales of a few weeks.
A mathematical analysis of digitalis kinetics in patients with normal and reduced renal function

Abstract The kinetics of digitoxin and digoxin in patients with normal and reduced renal function have been examined by chemical determinations of urinary glycoside excretion and of endogenous creatinine clearance. Urinary digitoxin and digoxin excretion are shown to be linear functions of creatinine clearance. These findings permit reasonably accurate prediction of overall apparent biological half-time of digitoxin or digoxin in patients as a function of creatinine clearance. These predictions have been tested and found to be reasonable. Simple linear approximate equations for bedside use are presented for various ranges of apparent half-time. In addition, logical extensions of these kinetic relationships permit description of a general dosage formula for smooth replacement of one cardiac glycoside with another that has a different apparent half-time.
Evolution of community structure: competition

Approaches to modeling the evolution of community structures are reviewed and criticized; a new approach is proposed. New species introduced to a model community are chosen as “ecologically continuous” mutants of their progenitors. Although competition is strong in every step of such a process, the community is shown to evolve towards non-interaction.
Case Report: A case of neurogenic bladder in the setting of Behçet's disease after an initial diagnosis of multiple sclerosis

Behcet’s disease (BD) is an autoimmune vasculitis with an unclear etiology presenting with a classic triad of symptoms including oral and genital ulcers as well as iridocyclitis. A subset of BD patients exhibit neurological symptoms including psychiatric disturbances, balance problems, and voiding dysfunction, and the symptoms of BD can mimic other neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Differentiating between potential diagnoses is challenging due to the lack of specific tests for these disorders and the overlap between clinical symptoms and radiological findings. We describe the case of a 52 year old woman initially diagnosed with and treated for MS. From the urologic standpoint, she was treated for neurogenic detrusor overactivity with detrusor-sphincter-dyssynergia utilizing ileocecal augmentation cystoplasty with a continent stoma for intermittent catheterization. The patient was later diagnosed with BD in light of additional clinical findings.
The Synthesis, Turnover, and Artificial Restoration of a Major Cell Surface Glycoprotein

Abstract A large glycoprotein (molecular weight=220,000 daltons) can be isolated from the surfaces of chick embryo fibroblasts. Such a protein had been shown by others to be present on normal cells in vitro, but missing from transformed variants of these cells, suggesting a possible role in growth control. We have estimated the turnover rate of this cell surface protein (CSP) and show that it is not more rapid than that of other cell proteins. We have also examined the resynthesis of CSP after removal from cells by trypsinization. This restoration is gradual, requiring more than 24 hr, and is affected by cell density. Restoration can be blocked by cycloheximide. Using cycloheximide to maintain cells depleted of CSP, we have demonstrated that isolated CSP can be progressively readsorbed at 37°C onto these denuded cell surfaces, and that this adsorption is not observed at 4°C. This information on the turnover, depletion, and restoration of CSP may provide a means of directly testing its function.
Density-dependent effective interactions in nuclei

Abstract Effective interactions chosen to have the same structure as the Brueckner reaction matrix were used in self-consistent field calculations on some closed shell nuclei. These finite range interactions are velocity-dependent and depend on the starting energy. The density dependence and starting energy dependence were determined by fitting the diagonal K -matrix elements of nuclear matter which were calculated with the Reid soft-core potential. Two interactions were derived: (i) U p = 0 from a K -matrix defined with a pure kinetic energy particle spectrum and (ii) U p ≠ 0 from a K -matrix with a self-consistent insertion in particle states just above the Fermi surface. The model U p ≠ 0 was also modified by changing the size of the correlation wound integral which determines the starting energy dependence. It was found that the removal of that part of the wound integral which is due to the repulsive core of the nucleon-nucleon interaction resulted in the best single-particle spectrum.
Actin Depolymerizing Factor controls actin turnover and gliding motility in Toxoplasma gondii

Apicomplexan parasites rely on actin-based gliding motility to move across the substratum, cross biological barriers, and invade their host cells. Gliding motility depends on polymerization of parasite actin filaments, yet ∼98% of actin is nonfilamentous in resting parasites. Previous studies suggest that the lack of actin filaments in the parasite is due to inherent instability, leaving uncertain the role of actin-binding proteins in controlling dynamics. We have previously shown that the single allele of Toxoplasma gondii actin depolymerizing factor (TgADF) has strong actin monomer-sequestering and weak filament-severing activities in vitro. Here we used a conditional knockout strategy to investigate the role of TgADF in vivo. Suppression of TgADF led to accumulation of actin-rich filaments that were detected by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Parasites deficient in TgADF showed reduced speed of motility, increased aberrant patterns of motion, and inhibition of sustained helical gliding. Lack of TgADF also led to severe defects in entry and egress from host cells, thus blocking infection in vitro. These studies establish that the absence of stable actin structures in the parasite are not simply the result of intrinsic instability, but that TgADF is required for the rapid turnover of parasite actin filaments, gliding motility, and cell invasion.
New perspectives on embryonic lens induction

Abstract Embryologists at the turn of the century discovered the process of embryonic induction while investigating the mechanisms of lens determination. The simple view of lens induction from that period has been substantially altered in recent years as new insights into the tissue interactions and genes involved in this process have been revealed.
Ra and Rn isotopes as natural tracers of submarine groundwater discharge in Tampa Bay, Florida

Abstract A suite of naturally occurring radionuclides in the U/Th decay series ( 222 Rn, 223 , 224 , 226 , 228 Ra) were studied during wet and dry conditions in Tampa Bay, Florida, to evaluate their utility as groundwater discharge tracers, both within the bay proper and within the Alafia River/estuary — a prominent free-flowing river that empties into the bay. In Tampa Bay, almost 30% of the combined riverine inputs still remain ungauged. Consequently, groundwater/surface water (hyporheic) exchange in the discharging coastal rivers, as well as submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) within the bay, are still unresolved components of this system's water and material budgets. Based on known inputs and sinks, there exists an excess of 226 Ra in the water column of Tampa Bay, which can be evaluated in terms of a submarine groundwater contribution to the bay proper. Submarine groundwater discharge rates calculated using a mass balance of excess 226 Ra ranged from 2.2 to 14.5 L m − 2 day − 1 , depending on whether the estuarine residence time was calculated using 224 Ra/xs 228 Ra isotope ratios, or whether a long term, averaged model-derived estuarine residence time was used. When extrapolated to the total shoreline length of the bay, such SGD rates ranged from 1.6 to 10.3 m 3 m − 1 day − 1 . Activities of 222 Rn were also elevated in surface water and shallow groundwater of the bay, as well as in the Alafia River estuary, where upstream activities as high as 250 dpm L − 1 indicate enhanced groundwater/surface water exchange, facilitated by an active spring vent. From average nutrient concentrations of 39 shallow, brackish, groundwater samples, rates of nutrient loading into Tampa Bay by SGD rates were estimated, and these ranged from 0.2 to 1.4 × 10 5 mol day − 1 (PO 4 3− ), 0.9–6.2 × 10 5 mol day − 1 (SiO 4 − ), 0.7–5.0 × 10 5 mol day − 1 (dissolved organic nitrogen, DON), and 0.2–1.4 × 10 6 mol day − 1 (total dissolved nitrogen, TDN). Such nutrient loading estimates, when compared to average river discharge estimates (e.g., TDN = 6.9 × 10 5 mol day − 1 ), suggest that SGD-derived nutrient fluxes to Tampa Bay are indeed important components to the overall nutrient economy of these coastal waters.
An autoradiographic analysis of neurogenesis in juvenile Aplysia californica.

In developing Aplysia californica, a dramatic proliferation of new neurons occurs throughout the central nervous system (CNS) surprisingly late in juvenile development (Cash and Carew, 1989). In the present study, we investigated the source of these new neurons. Using tritiated thymidine autoradiography, we examined two different juvenile stages: stage 11 (before the large-scale proliferation)and stage 12 (at the peak of proliferation). Previous results implicated the body wall as a source for neurons in developing Aplysia (McAllister, Scheller, Kandel, and Axel, 1983; Jacob, 1984). Thus, we focused our attention on the body wall adjacent to a specific central ganglion, the abdominal ganglion. We found that in stage 11 there was uniform labelling of cells across the entire body wall. However, in stage 12 there was significantly more labelling in the body wall region immediately adjacent to the abdominal ganglion compared to flanking regions. Thus, at the time of neuronal proliferation, specific and highly localized regions of the body wall immediately opposite their target in the CNS show a significant increase in cell division. We also examined the distribution of labelled cells in the abdominal ganglion at survival times of 1 and 7 days after thymidine injection. In both stage 11 and stage 12, the fraction of labelled cells on the surface of the ganglion decreased over time, with a corresponding significant increase in the fraction observed on the inside. Our results support the hypothesis that specific regions of body wall are significantly up-regulated in juvenile Aplysia development, giving rise to widespread neuronal proliferation. These neurons then migrate from the body wall to their target ganglion, and from there continue migrating into the ganglion to achieve their final position.
Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Due to the increased adoption of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), patients with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) have seen improved outcomes. We aimed to evaluate and synthesize the recent published literature. The review was conducted according to the recommendation of the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology group with prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The DEALE method was used to combine mortality rates, and imputation techniques were used to calculate standard errors. Meta-regression techniques were used to synthesize data. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots. Of 6,528 citations collected, 20 articles reporting on 1,047 patients were included in the analysis. The median age was 51 years (interquartile range 49–55), with 59 % (54–67) female. The median peritoneal carcinomatosis index score was 19 (16–23). Complete cytoreduction (CC0, 1) was performed in 67 % (46–93 %) of patients. Pooled estimates of survival yielded a 1-, 3- and 5-year survival of 84, 59, and 42 %, respectively. Patients receiving early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy [EPIC] (44 %) and those receiving cisplatin intraperitoneal chemotherapy alone (48 %) or in combination (44 %) had an improved 5-year survival. While CRS + HIPEC has led to an improved survival for patients with MPM compared to historic data, heterogeneity of studies precludes generalizable inferences. EPIC chemotherapy and cisplatin chemoperfusion may infer survival benefit.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Escape from RNA Interference

Sequence-specific degradation of mRNA by short interfering RNA (siRNA) allows the selective inhibition of viral proteins that are critical for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication. The aim of this study was to characterize the potency and durability of virus-specific RNA interference (RNAi) in cell lines that stably express short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting the HIV-1 transactivator protein gene tat. We found that the antiviral activity of tat shRNA was abolished due to the emergence of viral quasispecies harboring a point mutation in the shRNA target region. Our results suggest that, in order for RNAi to durably suppress HIV-1 replication, it may be necessary to target highly conserved regions of the viral genome. Alternatively, similar to present antiviral drug therapy paradigms, DNA constructs expressing multiple siRNAs need to be developed that target different regions of the viral genome, thereby reducing the probability of generating escape mutants.
Corrosion protection of aluminum alloys by double-strand polyaniline

Abstract Corrosion protection of aluminum alloys was achieved by using a double-strand polyaniline as a surface conversion coating. The effectiveness of the coating was tested by salt-spray, and immersions in salt and acidic salt solutions. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements show that the conducting polymer coated AA7075 alloy is highly resistant to corrosion. Mechanistic studies indicate that the conducting polymer is not a barrier polymer coating, but it chemically converts the surface of the alloy to form a passive layer that protects the metal from corrosion. The use of double-strand polyaniline facilitates a paintable formulation for coating and provides good adhesion to the metal surface