cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A New Network Layer for Mobile Ad Hoc Wireless Networks Based on Assignment Router Identity Protocol

Customers have complained that malicious nodes are mounting increasingly sophisticated attacking operations in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It is obvious that the IP-based MANETs are vulnerable to attacks and therefore are insecure. In this paper, we design a novel assignment router identity protocol (ARIP) to establish a new layer of network architecture and to take full advantage of Dynamic Hybrid Multi Routing Protocol that we have recently developed for MANETs [2]. A new Identity in the flexible namespace of ARIP enhances the limit in forming prevention line in the security of MANET. A complete architecture is then derived as an instantiation of router identity routing protocol (RIRP) model whose architecture satisfies the condition of ARIP model in order to use this new Identify for routers/hosts. All applications in RIRP deal with this new Identity instead of the vulnerable IP addresses and therefore provide the security embedded seamlessly into the overall network architecture. The proposed RIRP have been implemented on the simulator Glomosim. Simulation results show that RIRP has some great impact on routing performance comparing with DHMRP.
Pharmacokinetics of dirlotapide in the dog

An overview of the pharmacokinetics of dirlotapide in beagle dogs is presented. The following mean parameters were observed after a 0.3-mg/kg i.v. dose of dirlotapide: plasma clearance of 7.8 mL/min/kg and volume of distribution of 1.3 L/kg. Following single oral doses of 0.05, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg to fed dogs and 0.3 mg/kg to fasted dogs using the commercial formulation, mean C(max) of 7.5, 46, 97, and 31 ng/mL, respectively, were observed at mean t(max) of 0.8-2.0 h. AUC and C(max) increased with increasing dose, but not proportionally. Oral bioavailability was 22-41%. Exposure, as reflected by AUC, was 54% higher in the fed than fasted state. In a 14-day repeated-dose study (0.3 mg/kg dose), the mean accumulation ratio was 3.7. In a 3-month study at doses of 0.4-2.5 mg/kg, accumulation ratios ranged from 2.0 to 6.7 at day 29 and from 1.3 to 4.1 at day 87. In summary, dirlotapide exhibited low clearance, low first-pass metabolism, moderate volume of distribution, low-to-moderate oral bioavailability, a modest food effect, and variable accumulation. Large interanimal variability in systemic exposure was noted for all routes and doses, but there were no consistent sex differences.
Faster, better, cheaper space exploration

For cost and quality reasons, NASA is allowing its contractors great leeway in designing and building new systems. Here, the author describes how this hands-off approach worked when Hewlett-Packard built the electrical ground support system for the Lunar Prospector, which will mark Earth's return to the Moon after 25 years.
A noncausal 1-D median hybrid filter

A new class of nonlinear filters, the so-called class of Multi-Directional Infinite Impulse Response Median Hybrid Filters (MIMH), is presented and analyzed. The input signal is processed twice using a Linear Shift-Invariant (LSI) Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filtering module: once with normal causality and a second time with inverted causality. The final output of the MIMH filter is the median of the two directional outputs and the original input signal. Thus, the MIMH filter is a concatenation of linear filtering (a LSI IIR filtering module) and nonlinear filtering (a median filtering module). Because of this unique scheme, the MIMH filter possesses many desirable properties (including impulse removal, step preservation, and noise suppression). >
Control flow analysis

Any static, global analysis of the expression and data relationships in a program requires a knowledge of the control flow of the program. Since one of the primary reasons for doing such a global analysis in a compiler is to produce optimized programs, control flow analysis has been embedded in many compilers and has been described in several papers. An early paper by Prosser [5] described the use of Boolean matrices (or, more particularly, connectivity matrices) in flow analysis. The use of “dominance” relationships in flow analysis was first introduced by Prosser and much expanded by Lowry and Medlock [6]. References [6,8,9] describe compilers which use various forms of control flow analysis for optimization. Some recent developments in the area are reported in [4] and in [7]. The underlying motivation in all the different types of control flow analysis is the need to codify the flow relationships in the program. The codification may be in connectivity matrices, in predecessor-successor tables, in dominance lists, etc. Whatever the form, the purpose is to facilitate determining what the flow relationships are; in other words to facilitate answering such questions as: is this an inner loop?, if an expression is removed from the loop where can it be correctly and profitably placed?, which variable definitions can affect this use? In this paper the basic control flow relationships are expressed in a directed graph. Various graph constructs are then found and shown to codify interesting global relationships.
Two new media access control schemes for networked satellite communications

This paper introduces a pair of new media access control (MAC) protocols for a broadcast satellite network. Specifically, it has been designed to utilize the available bandwidth efficiently over a single channel satellite environment. The protocol enables more efficient use of the bandwidth during low loading periods and a more equitable distribution of the bandwidth during high loading periods. Determination of access and management of the bandwidth is decentralized; therefore, each terminal can independently determine and schedule bandwidth, which eliminates a single point of failure inherent to a centrally controlled network. In addition, the decentralized approach reduces setup delay for reserving bandwidth and thus helps to minimize the required satellite resources. This paper describes the operating environment, the MAC protocols, conduct of the modeling and simulation that emulates the network and results of the simulation analysis. A comparison is also made with a simulation model of a time division multiple access (TDMA) network and the theoretical ALOHA and slotted ALOHA throughputs. Observations are made on the simulation results of the protocol performance along with recommendations.
Femtosecond transient absorption studies of diphenylpolyenes. Direct detection of S2 → S1 radiationless conversion in diphenylhexatriene and diphenyloctatetraene

Abstract Femtosecond transient absorption studies of diphenyloctatetraene (DPO), diphenylhexatriene (DPH), diphenylbutadiene (DPB), and 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene (DPCP) were performed in cyclohexane solution at room temperature using 390 nm excitation and probe wavelengths of 720 and 780 nm. Fast decay components observed in DPH and DPO are attributed to absorption by initially excited S2 with decay rates of ∼ 450–600 fs assigned to S2 → S1 internal conversion processes. No comparable fast decay components were observed in DPB and DPCP.
Demonstration of Latency Reduction in Ultra-Short Distance Interconnections Using Optical Fanout

In this paper, we present a hybrid optoelectronic system capable of improving the performance of short-distance broadcast architectures such as arrays of gates, cells, or processors. By incorporating a layer of the optical fanout in the electrical fanout link, we utilize the "electrical isolation" advantage of the optical interconnects in addition to the absence of the parasitics. Our proof-of-concept circuits show improved signal latency even for a small electrical fanout to 32 minimum-sized inverters, corresponding to an electrical link length of 200mum in a 0.25-mum technology. This is the first physical demonstration of the advantages of using optics in silicon very large scale integrated (VLSI) systems at these distances. We also demonstrate an advantage in the energy-delay-squared product for fanout to more than 250 minimum-sized inverters corresponding to a distance of 1.5 mm
Problem-oriented prefetching for an integrated clinical imaging workstation.

Prefetching methods have traditionally been used to restore archived images from picture archiving and communication systems to diagnostic imaging workstations prior to anticipated need, facilitating timely comparison of historical studies and patient management. The authors describe a problem-oriented prefetching scheme, detailing 1) a mechanism supporting selection of patients for prefetching via characterizations of clinical problems, using multiple data sources (picture archiving and communication systems, hospital information systems, and radiology information systems), classifying patients into cohorts on the basis of their medical conditions (e.g., lung cancer); and 2) prefetching of multimedia data (imaging, laboratory, and medical reports) from clinical databases to enable the viewing of an integrated patient record. Preliminary evaluation of the prefetching algorithm using classic information retrieval measures showed that the system had high recall (100 percent), correctly identifying and retrieving data for all patients belonging to a target cohort, but low precision (50 percent). A key finding during testing was that the recall of the system was increased through the use of multiple data sources (compared with one data source), because of better patient descriptors. Medical problems and patient cohorts were more specifically defined by combining information from heterogeneous databases.
Arabidopsis ovule is the target for Agrobacterium in planta vacuum infiltration transformation

The visual marker GUS has been utilized in this study to understand the Arabidopsis thaliana vacuum infiltration transformation process by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. High transformation frequencies of up to 394 transgenic seeds per infiltrated plant were achieved. The results showed that the majority of the transgenic seeds from single infiltrated plants were from independent transformation events based on Southern analysis, progeny segregation, distribution of transgenic seeds throughout the infiltrated plants and the microscopic analysis of GUS expression in ovules of infiltrated plants. GUS expression in mature pollen and anthers was monitored daily from 0 to 12 days post-infiltration. In addition, all ovules from a single infiltrated plant were examined every other day. GUS expression frequencies of up to 1% of pollen were observed 3-5 days post-infiltration, whereas frequencies of up to 6% were detected with ovules of unopened flowers 5-11 days post-infiltration. Most importantly, transgenic seeds were obtained only from genetic crosses using infiltrated plants as the pollen recipient but not the pollen donor, demonstrating Agrobacterium transformation through the ovule pathway.
Enhancing web search with entity intent

Web entities, such as documents and hyperlinks, are created for different purposes, or intents. Existing intent-based retrieval methods largely focus on information seekers' intent expressed by queries, ignoring the other side of the problem: web content creators' intent. We argue that understanding why the content was created is also important. In this work, we propose to classify such intents into two broad categories: "navigational" and "informational". Then we incorporate such intents into traditional retrieval models, and show their effect on ranking performance.
Pulsed electromagnetic fields dosing impacts postoperative pain in breast reduction patients

Abstract Background Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) reduce postoperative pain and narcotic requirements in breast augmentation, reduction, and reconstruction patients. PEMF enhances both calmodulin-dependent nitric oxide and/or cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling and phosphodiesterase activity, which blocks cyclic guanosine monophosphate. The clinical effect of these competing responses on PEMF dosing is not known. Methods Two prospective, nonrandomized, active cohorts of breast reduction patients, with 15 min PEMF per 2 h; “Q2 (active)”, and 5 min PEMF per 20 min; “5/20 (active)”, dosing regimens were added to a previously reported double-blind clinical study wherein 20 min PEMF per 4 h, “Q4 (active)”, dosing significantly accelerated postoperative pain reduction compared with Q4 shams. Postoperative visual analog scale pain scores and narcotic use were compared with results from the previous study. Results Visual analog scale scores at 24 h were 43% and 35% of pain at 1 h in the Q4 (active) and Q2 (active) cohorts, respectively (P Conclusions This prospective study shows Q4/Q2, but not 5/20 PEMF dosing, accelerated postoperative pain reduction compared with historical shams. The 5/20 (active) regimen increases NO 4-fold faster than the Q4 (active) regimen, possibly accelerating phosphodiesterase inhibition of cyclic guanosine monophosphate sufficiently to block the PEMF effect. This study helps define the dosing limits of clinically useful PEMF signals.
In Vitro Synthesis of Sindbis Virus Genomic and Subgenomic RNAs: Influence of nsP4 Mutations and Nucleoside Triphosphate Concentrations

Two positive-strand mRNAs are made in Sindbis virus-infected cells, the genomic (G) RNA and the subgenomic (SG) RNA. In mosquito cells infected with wild-type (wt) Sindbis virus, the latter is made in excess over the former; however, in cells infected with SVpzf or SVcpc more G RNA is made than SG RNA. Use was made of in vitro systems to investigate the effects of the SVpzf and SVcpc mutations on the synthesis of SG and G RNAs. Our findings indicate that under standard reaction conditions, the SG/G RNA ratio in vitro reflects the ratio of SG to G RNA made in infected mosquito cells. We observed further that the RNA patterns seen in vitro are affected not only by the SVpzf and SVcpc mutations but also by the nucleoside triphosphate concentrations in the reaction mixtures and that introduction of these mutations into nsP4 and the promoter/template change the relative amounts of SG and G RNAs that are made, likely through the choice of promoter. We conclude that with respect to the SVpzf and SVcpc mutations, it is mainly the nucleotide changes in the SG promoter, not the amino acid changes in nsP4, that determine the SG/G RNA ratio that results. Further, it was observed that the SVpzf mutations enhance the in vitro synthesis of SG RNA at the lowest concentrations of UTP/CTP and that the single SVcpc mutation enhances the synthesis of G RNA at the lowest concentrations of CTP tested. We also identified three Arg residues in nsP4, R545, R546, and R547, that are needed for the synthesis of G RNA but not SG RNA.
Interspousal Empathy, Marital Satisfaction, and Marriage Counseling

Interspousal empathy is conceived as a fundamental part of the structure of the marital relationship along with other elements of a couple's communication, role, and value systems. In a study of 25 couples receiving marriage counseling, it was found that improvement in interspousal empathy was associated with improvement in marital satisfaction. This finding has implications for approaches to marriage counseling and is supportive of those approaches that attempt to influence directly the empathic exchanges of the couple as well as other communication elements.
Psychometric Evaluation of Four HIV Disease—Specific Quality-of-Life Instruments:

OBJECTIVE:To provide a comparative evaluation of psychometric properties for three or more HIV disease—specific quality-of-life (QoL) instruments.METHODS:Four instruments were selected using the following criteria: multiple publications of instrument, focus of instrument on QoL, psychometric validation publication or comparison with previously validated questionnaire, stages of HIV/AIDS used or evaluated in the study, and inclusion of sample items or the instrument in at least one publication. The four HIV-specific QoL instruments were: HIV/AIDS-Targeted Quality of Life Instrument, Medical Outcomes Study HIV questionnaire (MOS-HIV), Functional Assessment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, and HIV Overview of Problems — Evaluation System. These instruments were evaluated using combined criteria derived from McHorney and Tarlov and Shumaker et al. The criteria include: administration, content, depth, reliability, validity, and responsiveness. A letter grade scale (A, B, C, D) was used in rating the ...
Children “Tune Out” in Response to the Ambiguous Communication Style of Powerless Adults

Changes in children's attentional engagement were assessed as a function of their exposure to "teachers" who differed in perceived power and the communication style that is associated with perceived power. In Study 1, "teachers" (women assigned to an instructional role) were selected on the basis of their perceived power; low-power women were more likely than high-power women to display communication ambiguity. Children responded to low-power women with low levels of (1) autonomic orienting (consistent with low attention) and (2) high errors on a cognitively demanding task (mental arithmetic). Attentional disengagement was found to be mediated by the ambiguous communication style of low-power adults. In Study 2, the "teacher" was a confederate who systematically varied the facial and vocal ambiguity of her instructions. Children showed the lowest levels of orienting and the highest level of errors when the "teacher" was ambiguous in both face and voice. Results were interpreted as showing that adult ambiguity (naturally occurring or experimentally produced) leads to reductions in children's attentional engagement.
New Method Using a Positively Charged Microporous Filter and Ultrafiltration for Concentration of Viruses from Tap Water

The methods used to concentrate enteric viruses from water have remained largely unchanged for nearly 30 years, with the most common technique being the use of 1MDS Virozorb filters followed by organic flocculation for secondary concentration. Recently, a few studies have investigated alternatives; however, many of these methods are impractical for use in the field or share some of the limitations of this traditional method. In the present study, the NanoCeram virus sampler, an electropositive pleated microporous filter composed of microglass filaments coated with nanoalumina fibers, was evaluated. Test viruses were first concentrated by passage of 20 liters of seeded water through the filter (average filter retention efficiency was ≥ 99.8%), and then the viruses were recovered using various salt-based or proteinaceous eluting solutions. A 1.0% sodium polyphosphate solution with 0.05 M glycine was determined to be the most effective. The recovered viruses were then further concentrated using Centricon Plus-70 centrifugal ultrafilters to a final volume of 3.3 (±0.3 [standard deviation]) ml; this volume compares quite favorably to that of previously described methods, such as organic flocculation (~15 to 40 ml). The overall virus recovery efficiencies were 66% for poliovirus 1, 83% for echovirus 1, 77% for coxsackievirus B5, 14% for adenovirus 2, and 56% for MS2 coliphage. In addition, this method appears to be compatible with both cell culture and PCR assays. This new approach for the recovery of viruses from water is therefore a viable alternative to currently used methods when small volumes of final concentrate are an advantage.
Physical activity counselling in sports medicine: a call to action

Physical activity (PA) is a key component of healthy lifestyle and disease prevention. In contrast, physical inactivity accounts for a significant proportion of premature deaths worldwide. Physicians are in a critical position to help patients develop healthy lifestyles by actively counseling on PA. Sports medicine physicians, with their focus on sports and exercise medicine are uniquely trained to provide such expertise to patients, learners and colleagues. To succeed, physicians need clinical tools and processes that support PA assessment and counseling. Linking patients to community resources, and specifically to health and fitness professionals is a key strategy. Efforts should be made to expand provider education during medical school, residency and fellowship training, and continuing medical education. Lastly, physically active physicians are more likely to counsel patients to be active. A key message for the sports medicine community is the importance of serving as a positive PA role model.
Determination of Free Fatty Acid Content of Cheddar Cheese by a Copper Soap Method

Abstract A relative index of hydrolytic rancidity in Cheddar cheese was developed from copper soap method to measure free fatty acid content of Cheddar cheese. Copper soap derivatives of free fatty acids were extracted by a mixture of chloroform, heptane, and methanol. Extracted copper soaps were reacted with a color reagent, sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate, and the copper-color complex was quantitated spectrophotometrically at 440nm. Recovery experiments with caprylic acid indicated that the copper soap method does not recover completely short chain fatty acids. Long chain free fatty acids make up the major portion of free fatty acids in Cheddar cheese even though the short chain fatty acids may have a more significant impact on flavor. Large increases of total free fatty acids in a Cheddar cheese sample correlate with development of rancid flavors. Coefficients of variation for this method ranged from 1.9 to 4.4% for replicate analysis of individual cheese samples. Total free fatty acid content of nonrancid Cheddar cheese samples determined by the copper soap method were comparable to reported contents.
STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF CIS,TRANS ISOMERS OF METHYL LINOLEATE AND LINOLENATE.

SUMMARY Studies were made of the group composition of the lipids and of the fatty acid components in each class of lipids in the livers of rats fed a fat-free diet or diets supplemented with methyl linoleate (cis-9, cis-12-octadecadienoate); methyl cis-9, trans-12-octadecadienoate; and methyl linolenate, which contained 300/, of the double bonds in the trans configuration (designated as “cis,trans”-methyl linolenate because it consisted of a mixture of all-cis and cis,trans isomers). The conversion of methyl cis-9, trans-12-octadecadienoate to an isomer of arachidonic acid, believed to be cis-5,cis-8,cis-ll,trans-lPeicosatetraenoic acid, and of ‘LCiS,trand’-methyl linolenate to polyenoic acids containing trans unsaturation in rats is reported. The metabolism of trans acids in relation to the nutritional requirements of the rat for essential fatty acids is discussed. 4,7,10,13-Eicosatetraenoic acid was found in the liver phospholipids of rats fed a fat-free diet and, to a lesser extent, in the liver phospholipids of a group of rats receiving a supplement of methyl linoleate.
Grounding Trademark Law Through Trademark Use

The debate over trademark use has become a hot-button issue in intellectual property (IP) law. In Confusion over Use: Contextualism in Trademark Law, Graeme Dinwoodie and Mark Janis characterize it as a dispute over whether to limit trademark holder rights in a new and unanticipated way. Yet there is another - in our view more historically accurate - way to frame the trademark use debate: the question is whether courts should, absent specific statutory authorization, allow trademark holders to assert a new and unprecedented form of trademark infringement claim. The pop-up and keyword cases involve attempts to impose third-party liability under the guise of direct infringement suits. Dinwoodie and Janis's thorough account notwithstanding, it remains the fact that, before the recent spate of Internet-related cases, no court had ever recognized a trademark claim of the sort that trademark holders are now asserting. Trademark infringement suits have always involved allegations of infringement by parties who use marks in connection with the promotion of their own goods and services. The question raised by the trademark use cases, as we view it, is whether courts should countenance a radical departure from that traditional model without specific instruction from Congress. We think they should not. In this paper, we explain the origins of trademark use doctrine in traditional limits on the scope of the trademark right and in the distinction between direct and contributory infringement. We also explain why we cannot simply rely on the likelihood of consumer confusion test to solve the problems the trademark use doctrine addresses, and we examine the difficult problem of defining the scope of the trademark use doctrine.
One Among Many: Anaphoric One and Its Relationship With Numeral One

One anaphora (e.g., this is a good one) has been used as a key diagnostic in syntactic analyses of the English noun phrase, and "one-replacement" has also figured prominently in debates about the learnability of language. However, much of this work has been based on faulty premises, as a few perceptive researchers, including Ray Jackendoff, have made clear. Abandoning the view of anaphoric one (a-one) as a form of syntactic replacement allows us to take a fresh look at various uses of the word one. In the present work, we investigate its use as a cardinal number (1-one) in order to better understand its anaphoric use. Like all cardinal numbers, 1-one can only quantify an individuated entity and provides an indefinite reading by default. Owing to unique combinatoric properties, cardinal numbers defy consistent classification as determiners, quantifiers, adjectives, or nouns. Once the semantics and distribution of cardinal numbers, including 1-one, are appreciated, many properties of a-one follow with minimal stipulation. We claim that 1-one and a-one are distinct but very closely related lexemes. When 1-one appears without a noun (e.g., Take one), it is nearly indistinguishable from a-one (e.g., take one)-the only differences being interpretive (1-one foregrounds its cardinality while a-one does not) and prosodic (presence versus absence of primary accent). While we ultimately argue that a family of constructions is required to describe the full range of syntactic contexts in which one appears, the proposed network accounts for properties of a-one by allowing it to inherit most of its syntactic and interpretive constraints from its historical predecessor, 1-one.
The Effects of Miranda v. Arizona: Embedded in Our National Culture?

Miranda v. Arizona required that police inform suspects, prior to custodial interrogation, of their constitutional rights to silence and appointed counsel. It also required that suspects voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently waive these rights in order for any resulting confession to be admitted into evidence at trial. The rationale of Miranda as elaborated by the Supreme Court has evolved from encouraging suspects to resist police interrogation to informing suspects that they have a right to resist. Reflecting a fundamental tenet in American culture and law, Miranda today seeks to protect the free choice of a suspect to decide whether to answer police questions during interrogation. Two generations of empirical scholarship on Miranda suggest that the Miranda requirements have exerted a negligible effect on the ability of the police to elicit confessions and on the ability of prosecutors to win convictions. There is no good evidence that Miranda has substantially depressed confession rates or imposed significant costs on the American criminal justice system. The practical benefits of Miranda to custodial suspects may also be negligible. Police have developed multiple strategies to avoid, circumvent, nullify, or simply violate Miranda and its invocation rules.
Good Enough to Eat; Good Enough to Label

This comment will address the history and evolution of federally mandated food labels in the United States, with a particular emphasis on the modern use of the "all-natural" label. The current labeling system began nearly a century ago and has grown into a complex set of federal agencies tasked with various objectives. The Federal Department of Agriculture (FDA) plays a substantial role in the regulation of food labeling and recently created a new and national standard for "Gluten Free." This standard provides a clear rule that manufacturers must follow and upon which consumers can depend. Such consistency is needed in regards to the use of the "all-natural" label and the FDA should model the rules for "all-natural" after that of "gluten-free."
Dual-time scale photoinduced electron transfer from PbS quantum dots to a molecular acceptor.

A combination of picosecond and microsecond transient absorption dynamics reveals the involvement of two mechanisms by which 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) induces the decay of the excited state of PbS quantum dots (QDs): (i) electron transfer to BQ molecules adsorbed to the surfaces of PbS QDs and (ii) collisionally gated electron transfer to freely diffusing BQ. Together, these two mechanisms quantitatively describe the quenching of photoluminescence upon addition of BQ to PbS QDs in dichloromethane solution. This work represents the first quantitative study of a QD–ligand system that undergoes both adsorbed and collisionally gated photoinduced charge transfer within the same sample. The availability of a collisionally gated pathway improves the yield of electron transfer from PbS QDs to BQ by an average factor of 2.5 over that for static electron transfer alone.
Dominant, open nonverbal displays are attractive at zero-acquaintance

Across two field studies of romantic attraction, we demonstrate that postural expansiveness makes humans more romantically appealing. In a field study (n = 144 speed-dates), we coded nonverbal behaviors associated with liking, love, and dominance. Postural expansiveness-expanding the body in physical space-was most predictive of attraction, with each one-unit increase in coded behavior from the video recordings nearly doubling a person's odds of getting a "yes" response from one's speed-dating partner. In a subsequent field experiment (n = 3,000), we tested the causality of postural expansion (vs. contraction) on attraction using a popular Global Positioning System-based online-dating application. Mate-seekers rapidly flipped through photographs of potential sexual/date partners, selecting those they desired to meet for a date. Mate-seekers were significantly more likely to select partners displaying an expansive (vs. contractive) nonverbal posture. Mediation analyses demonstrate one plausible mechanism through which expansiveness is appealing: Expansiveness makes the dating candidate appear more dominant. In a dating world in which success sometimes is determined by a split-second decision rendered after a brief interaction or exposure to a static photograph, single persons have very little time to make a good impression. Our research suggests that a nonverbal dominance display increases a person's chances of being selected as a potential mate.
On Axiological Tropism of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine

"The integration of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine(ITCMWM)",since the emergence of ITCMWM convergence idea during the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty in 16th century to the publication and distribution of Zhang Xichun's works Medical Proceedings on Dedicating to the Traditional Chinese Medicine and Assimilating the Western Medicine,especially in 1956,Chairman Mao Zedong to have given the Directive of his speech"Combine the knowledge of the traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese material medica with the knowledge of western medicine and pharmacy,creating a new and unitary medicine and pharmacy in China,"ITCMWM has been achieved some favorite Achievements.Generally speaking,the fruits are plentiful. However insufficiently,even though it has experienced many difficult explorations for over 400 years,the ITCMWM remains in the"labyrinths"of the"misled zones."It includes two aspects:first,the research was misled onto the way of equatism on the two different anatomies of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and western medicine(WM).Ones always adopt the anatomy of WM"reductivism"to interpret the anatomic view of TCM"systematology";second,the research was misled onto the way of equity on the two different diagnostics of TCM and WM.Ones always adapt the local diagnosis of WM to equalize the syndrodifferentiation of wholism of TCM,and do the chemical drugs of WM to equate the curative effects of TCM complex formulas.These led to the research conclusion"Driving toward an opposite direction"as a result of the divergence between WM and TCM.The exact axiological tropism of the ITCMWM are:firstly,researchers must renew their own ideas,adjust the trains of thought,and seek the accurate direction,using the dialectical-materialist theory,viewpoint and method to instruct own thinking and conduct way;secondly,researchers must know the different system of TCM from that of WM,not being permitted to examine TCM as the"gauge"by WM,being necessary to learn the merits to remedy the absences each other,instead of repelling each other;lastly,it is that researchers must make full use of the theories and equipments of modern high-novel science and technology to study medicine,introducing them to the innovative research of medical sciences,for example,researching and manufacturing insectoscope,sphygmopalpater,syndrodifferentiator and meridiantropistor,etc.The researchers must make an organic integration of TCM"systematology"and"wholism"with WM"reductivism"and"localism",realizing the true"TCM matches WM well,"creating an accurate and rational"integrative medicine",and making an immortal contribution to the health service of the mankind.In addition,it needs an emphatic complement that TCM translation(English translation)is unnegligible,which is the important means of ITCMWM and TCM spread to the world.The rational and correct methods of TCM English translation benefit the foreign exchange and popularization of TCM,and do to quicken the progression of ITCMWM as well.
Control of Peach Twig Borer in Almonds, 2014

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of reduced-risk insecticides for control of PTB. The study was conducted in a 3-year-old untreated almond orchard with 4.3 m between trees and 6.4 m between rows and with the cultivar row sequence “Nonpareil, Monterey, Nonpareil, Aldrich” near Westley, CA. Seven treatments were replicated eight times in an RCB design. Each replicate was a single tree and there was an untreated buffer between each treated tree. Materials were …
SU‐F‐T‐193: Evaluation of a GPU‐Based Fast Monte Carlo Code for Proton Therapy Biological Optimization

Purpose: Biological treatment plan optimization is of great interest for proton therapy. It requires extensive Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to compute physical dose and biological quantities. Recently, a gPMC package was developed for rapid MC dose calculations on a GPU platform. This work investigated its suitability for proton therapy biological optimization in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Methods: We performed simulations of a proton pencil beam with energies of 75, 150 and 225 MeV in a homogeneous water phantom using gPMC and FLUKA. Physical dose and energy spectra for each ion type on the central beam axis were scored. Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) was calculated using repair-misrepair-fixation model. Microdosimetry calculations were performed using Monte Carlo Damage Simulation (MCDS). Results: Ranges computed by the two codes agreed within 1 mm. Physical dose difference was less than 2.5 % at the Bragg peak. RBE-weighted dose agreed within 5 % at the Bragg peak. Differences in microdosimetric quantities such as dose average lineal energy transfer and specific energy were < 10%. The simulation time per source particle with FLUKA was 0.0018 sec, while gPMC was ∼ 600 times faster. Conclusion: Physical dose computed by FLUKA and gPMC were in a good agreement. The RBE differences along the central axis were small, and RBE-weighted dose difference was found to be acceptable. The combined accuracy and efficiency makes gPMC suitable for proton therapy biological optimization.
Military Commissaries: Cost Savings and Recommendations for the Future

Military commissaries, or grocery stores, operate as a taxpayer subsidized benefit for military personnel and their families. This study reviews the commissary's history, mission, operations, customer base, competitive and political environments, and vision for the future. Then, a direct market-basket comparison of prices found at all commissaries and three private sector supermarkets is conducted. The findings of this primary research are contrasted against secondary research published by the Department of Defense in an effort to better understand the overall commissary benefit. Finally, normative recommendations and suggestions for future research are proposed.
"Stop, Drop and Run," Physical Fitness Program for Firefighters Created by Nurses at a Regional Burn Center

C l i n M e d International Library Citation: Kahn SA, Hinton A, Gonzales A, Huff T (2015) “Stop, Drop, and Run,” Physical Fitness Program for Firefighters Created by Nurses at a Regional Burn Center. Int Arch Nurs Health Care 1:016 Received: September 25, 2015: Accepted: November 17, 2015: Published: November 22, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Kahn SA, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Kahn et al. Int Arch Nurs Health Care 2015, 1:3
Interactions on External MOF Surfaces: Desorption of Water and Ethanol from CuBDC Nanosheets

The external surfaces of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials are difficult to experimentally isolate due to the high porosities of these materials. MOF surface surrogates in the form of copper benzenedicarboxylate (CuBDC) nanosheets were synthesized using a bottom-up approach, and the surface interactions of water and ethanol were investigated by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). A method of analysis of diffusion-influenced TPD was developed to measure the desorption properties of these porous materials. This approach also allows the extraction of diffusion coefficients from TPD data. The transmission Fourier transform infrared spectra, powder X-ray diffraction patterns, and TPD data indicate that water desorbs from CuBDC nanosheets with activation energies of 44 ± 2 kJ/mol at edge sites and 58 ± 1 kJ/mol at external surface and internal and pore sites. Ethanol desorbs with activation energies of 58 ± 1 kJ/mol at internal pore sites and 66 ± 0.4 kJ/mol at external surface sites. Co-adsorption of water and ethanol was also investigated. The presence of ethanol was found to inhibit the desorption of water, resulting in a water desorption process with an activation energy of 68 ± 0.7 kJ/mol.
The Perspectives of Two First-Generation College Students Pursuing Doctoral Degrees in Music Education.

The purpose of this autoethnographic multiple case study was to compare experiences of two first-generation college students pursuing doctoral degrees in music education. Motivations for pursuing a...
Otra política visual de la representación sexual: el porno feminista de Erika Lust

espanolLo que se ha venido en llamar postporno feminista remite a una politica visual del cuerpo donde su representacion convencional (con la ocultacion de sus partes consideradas inapropiadas) como la pornografica (con la explotacion reificada y comodificada del cuerpo) no encuentran asiento. La estetica de los filmes postporno de la directora residente en Barcelona Erika Lust se deslinda tanto del cuerpo oculto bajo la capa gruesa de los tabus morales como se aleja de la violencia de su maxima exhibicion y cosificacion bajo el paradigma pornografico. EnglishWhat has come to be world-wide known as feminist porn puts forward a visual body politics that turns down both traditional body representations (always veiling masculine and feminine genitalia in order to be considerer proper) and sexist pornographic images (with its gynecological approach to the body). The aesthetics involved in the post-porn films by Barcelona resident director Erika Lust are not interested in hiding the body under a thick layer of moral taboos nor in the violence of its maximum exhibition (and objectification) under the traditional porno paradigm.
Best Practices for The Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Team: A Review of Mental Health Issues in Mild Stroke Survivors

Individuals with mild strokes are generally considered fully functional and do not traditionally receive rehabilitation services. Because patients with mild stroke are assumed to have a good recovery, they may have deficits in other areas, including mental health, that are not addressed. As a result, patients with mild stroke are unable to meet quality of life standards. In addition, healthcare professionals are likely unaware of the potential mental health issues that may arise in mild stroke. To address this gap in knowledge, we review the evidence supporting mental health evaluation and intervention in mild stroke. Specifically, we review comorbid diagnoses including depression, anxiety, fatigue, and sleep disturbances and their potential effects on health and function. Finally, we conclude with general recommendations describing best practice derived from current evidence.
The Hidden Side of Leadership in Technical Team Management

OVERVIEW:Developing a high-performing team is one of the most challenging tasks facing technical project managers. Not only must they as team leaders deal with planning, supervising, coordinating, and controlling their projects, but, equally important, they must cope with a multitude of interpersonal issues always present in team-oriented work environments. If these issues are not handled intelligently and constructively, they can quickly derail the best-intentioned projects. This article, based on a field study of 100 project leaders, examines several interpersonal issues found in most technical teams and suggests a number of options for managing them. The authors argue that attending only to the technical dimensions of the team leader's responsibilities presents an incomplete and misinformed view of leadership. Effective project leaders understand and are competent in dealing with a wide range of hidden interpersonal issues that can undermine the management of project performance.
Patient Selection and Survival after Peritoneovenous Shunting for Nonmalignant Ascites

Patient selection and survival after peritoneovenous shunting for nonmalignant ascites was assessed in 30 patients undergoing 44 peritoneovenous shunting procedures over a 5-year period. Indications for peritoneovenous shunting included refractory ascites alone, refractory ascites complicated by hepatorenal syndrome, and nonrefractory but recurrent ascites. Fifty-six percent of shunting procedures were complicated by shunt malfunction and an additional 13% ended in shunt removal or ligation. Serious perioperative morbidity occurred in 47% of patients. Mean duration of shunt function was significantly less (p less than 0.05) in the patients with hepatorenal syndrome (15 +/- 5 days) compared to the patients with refractory ascites alone (45 +/- 13 days), or the patients with nonrefractory ascites (64 +/- 34 days). Mean survival was 265 +/- 87 days. Survival of patients with nonrefractory ascites (767 +/- 214 days) was significantly longer (p less than 0.05) than that seen in patients with hepatorenal syndrome (28 +/- 5 days) or in patients with refractory ascites alone (256 +/- 148 days). Combined inhospital mortality was 30%. It was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) in patients with hepatorenal syndrome (70%) than in patients with refractory ascites alone (14%) or in patients with nonrefractory ascites (0%). We conclude that patient selection significantly influences survival after peritoneovenous shunting and may account for the varying results reported by other groups.
Forfeiture by Wrongdoing

Forfeiture by wrongdoing is a longstanding exception to a defendant’s Sixth Amendment right to confront the witnesses against him. In most jurisdictions, where a defendant has caused a victim or witness to be unavailable for trial, with the intention of making the victim or witness unavailable, “testimonial” hearsay statements by that victim or witness will be admissible under the doctrine of forfeiture by wrongdoing. The doctrine relies on the theory that the defendant has, by his own wrongful actions, forfeited his right to confront that victim or witness. Federal courts, under Section 804(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Evidence, and most states, by rules, statutes, or application of common law principles, have established forfeiture by wrongdoing as an exception to the right of confrontation and recognizing the equitable result of allowing such hearsay to come before the jury. This Resource will explain the historical context of the doctrine, identify the relevant issues to be determined before evidence is admitted under the doctrine, and suggest the means by which the prosecutor can satisfy the burden of proof at a preliminary forfeiture hearing to determine the admissibility of the hearsay statements. The Resource also includes a sample motion and accompanying brief to illustrate how the facts of a case can be presented in a persuasive manner to justify admission of the absent witness's statements.
La robotica in chirurgia pediatrica

Nel corso degli ultimi vent’anni, la chirurgia mininvasiva ha permesso l’esecuzione di interventi con incisioni sempre piu piccole e con tempi di recupero e ospedalizzazione decisamente piu brevi.
Entanglion: A Board Game for Teaching the Principles of Quantum Computing

Educational games are a creative, enjoyable way for students to learn about technical concepts. We present Entanglion, a board game that aims to introduce the fundamental concepts of quantum computing -- a highly technical domain -- to students and enthusiasts of all ages. We describe our iterative design process and feedback from evaluations we conducted with students and professionals. Our playtesters gave positive feedback on our game, indicating it was engaging while simultaneously educational. We discuss a number of lessons we learned from our experience designing and evaluating a pedagogical game for a highly technical subject.
Modeling transient fully-developed natural convection in vertical ducts – Method of eigenfunction superposition

Abstract This paper models the transient natural convection problem for the hydrodynamical and thermal fully-developed open vertical ducts. The powerful method of eigenfunction superposition yields analytic solutions for general duct cross sections. It is found that the induced flow rate approaches a constant in the steady state, but the transient depends on the Prandtl number (Pr). The rise time to reach 95% of steady state is 3 / ( Pr λ 1 ) if Pr 1, where λ1 is the lowest eigenvalue of the Helmholtz equation. The theory is then applied to the circular, semi-circular, rectangular and equilateral triangular ducts. For low Pr at small times, the transient induced velocity is larger in the velocity boundary layer near the walls but the maximum velocity is near the corners of the duct.
Is Karl Barth a Liberation Theologian? New Perspectives on Barth in Asia:

Because of his methodology grounded in “Christology from above,” Barth is often seen as a theologian of revelation, not as a liberation theologian. This article contends that an authentic liberatio...
The end of the cooperative model (as we knew it): Commoning and co-becoming in two Nicaraguan cooperatives:

Cooperatives produce commons, but how they do so—and what kinds of commons they produce—cannot be known in advance. Two cooperatives in Ciudad Sandino, Nicaragua illustrate how distinct cooperative...