cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The MutS C Terminus Is Essential for Mismatch Repair Activity In Vivo

An Escherichia coli K-12 strain was constructed with a chromosomal deletion (mutSΔ800) in the mutS gene that produced the removal of the C-terminal 53 amino acids which are not present in the MutS crystal structure. This strain has a MutS null phenotype for mutation avoidance, antirecombination, and sensitivity to cytotoxic agents in a dam mutant background.
Instrumentation circuitry for an inductive wear debris sensor

The design of instrumentation circuitry for an inductive sensor to detect small metal particles is presented. The sensor, designed for counting and characterizing wear debris particles in lubrication oil, detects changes in the inductance of a small coil as metal particles pass through it. A change in inductance produces a differential voltage at the output of a Maxwell-Wien bridge, which is then amplified and rectified to produce a DC voltage pulse detectable using standard data acquisition components. For iron particles approximately 75µm and 150µm in diameter, the circuit produces output voltage pulses of 381mV and 693mV, respectively.
Statistical modeling based on back-end electric test data for improved IC process

This paper presents an efficient, accurate method for statistical MOSFET modeling to include effects of manufacturing process fluctuations. The variations of manufacturing process can be represented by the backend electric test data routinely which were used to monitor manufacturing performance. Determined casing limits with model casing definitions helps to set up several types of statistical process control limits to improve IC process and yield and provide easy use manner for circuit optimization. The results described in the paper are not only benefits to the circuit designers, and also are benefits to manufacturing process control. The relations of statistical models and Statistical Process Control are also discussed.
Predictors of Physical Therapy Faculty Job Turnover

Background and Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine what factors are predictive of job turnover of faculty in physical therapy education programs. Subjects. Four hundred six physical therapy faculty and 92 academic program directors participated in the study. Methods. Data were collected from two questionnaires mailed to the participants. Fifteen predictors of turnover were tested, using correlational and multiple regression analyses for data on faculty and education programs. Results. Findings showed that 10% of the faculty resigned within a 1-year period. Low, but significant, correlations were found between higher turnover and fewer years of employment, behavioral intentions to leave, lower salary, higher job stress, and baccalaureate programs. Multiple regression analysis revealed that education programs with faculty having fewer years of employment and the availability of many job alternatives demonstrated significantly higher turnover. Conclusion and Discussion. Measures to reduce turnover, including faculty recruitment and retention plans, job redesign strategies, and faculty development programs for new faculty, are recommended.
The role of state mindfulness during yoga in predicting self-objectification and reasons for exercise

Abstract Objectives Objectification theory is a useful framework for understanding how individuals internalize the sexual objectification of male and female bodies. This internalization, called self-objectification, can result in negative psychological and behavioral outcomes (e.g., body shame, disordered eating). Exercise that uses mindfulness to draw attention to the body's function and sensations rather than appearance may be one way to minimize self-objectification and improve associated outcomes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore how state mindfulness during exercise may associate with change in self-objectification, body image variables, and reasons for exercise. Design This study prospectively followed participants ( N = 148, 80% female) from six yoga classes that met 2–3 times a week across an 8-week period. Method Repeated measures MANOVAs were used to examine change over time in state mindfulness, self-objectification, physical self-concept, and reasons for exercise. Regression analysis was used to examine how state mindfulness predicted change in outcome variables. Results MANOVAs revealed significant decreases in self-objectification and increases in physical self-concept, health/fitness-related reasons for exercise, and state mindfulness. Further, results indicated that mindfulness during exercise was linked with decreases in self-objectification and increases in more internal reasons for exercise over time. Conclusions State mindfulness plays a role in predicting change in self-objectification and reasons for exercise during yoga practice.
Exploring Power Distance, Classroom Activity, and the International Classroom Through Personal Informatics.

Research shows the benefits of active learning in American college classrooms. International graduate students in American universities may face difficulties in teaching students with different cultural dispositions. The current research uses power distance to explore cultural juxtapositions in classrooms and personal informatics design to propose an adaptive system for cultural ac- quisition. The work shows that even though instructors are aware of the dis- tinctly Western value of speaking up in class, they do not employ it in their own classes. They show surprise at the amount of time they spend lecturing, but they express ambivalence about the importance of vocal contributions from the stu- dents. We describe a technical system design that supports the development of cultural fluency by providing ITAs with feedback such as visualizations of time spent lecturing and suggestions for strategy selection in culturally challenging scenarios. The system would reflect changes in classroom activity over time as a way for TAs to reflect on their own professional development. Research in the learning sciences has recently produced an explosion of experimental evidence that college students benefit from less lecture and more student activity. This evidence exists even for content-heavy science, technology, engineering, and mathe- matics (STEM) classes where instructors have traditionally emphasized the im- portance of covering and memorizing facts rather than exploring, curating, and con- structing knowledge. Most of these studies have taken place in American classrooms and have not addressed questions of cultural dimensions of learning and teaching. Meanwhile, the number of international graduate students teaching introductory STEM classes in American universities continues to grow. These students tend not to have experienced the cultural shift toward active learning and its concomitant de- crease in social distance to figures of authority that is familiar to most students from the U.S. This can lead to challenges for international graduate students in the U.S. when they are required to teach American students.
Developmental Morphology and Taxonomic Characters of Arthrorhynchus Nycteribiae and A. Eucampsipodae (Laboulbeniomycetes)

Immature stages of thalli of Arthrorhynchus nycteribiae and A. eucampsipodae undergo a developmental sequence similar to that of other species of Laboulbeniomycetes included in the Stigmatomyceteae. Arthrorhynchus nycteribiae can be distinguished most readily from A. eucampsipodae and A. cyclopodiae by the long upper cell of the receptacle and the thin-walled, short stalk of the antheridial appendage.
Induced Resistance to Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Mediated by a Fungal Endophyte

Endophytic fungi living within some grasses have been shown to increase resistance of their host plants to insect herbivores. The hypothesis that endophytes also mediate induced resistance by a grass to an insect herbivore was tested. Perennial ryegrass, both infected and uninfected with the fungal endophyte Acremonium lolii Latch, was artificially damaged by clipping 4 wk after germination. Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, (J. E. Smith), larvae were fed shoot material of damaged and undamaged plants in a 2-factor (infection status and damage) design. The interaction between the main effects of damage and infection status had a significant effect on pupal mass. Pupae reared on damaged, infected plants weighed less than those reared on undamaged, infected plants. The reverse was true for uninfected plants. Our results suggest that the endophyte may mediate an induced response by its host grass.
Computer-based HIV adherence promotion interventions: a systematic review: Translation Behavioral Medicine.

Researchers have instituted a range of methodologies to increase access to HIV adherence interventions. This article reviews studies published through January 2014 utilizing computer-based delivery of such interventions to persons living with HIV. A systematic review of five databases identified ten studies (three RCTs, three pilot studies, three feasibility studies, and one single-group trial) that met the inclusion criteria. Descriptions of the interventions’ content and characteristics are included. Interventions varied widely in terms of program structure, theoretical framework, and content. Only six studies reported medication adherence outcomes. Of these, four (five RCTS and one single group pre-post test) reported significant improvement in adherence using various measures, and two approached significance. Results suggest that computer-delivered adherence interventions are feasible and acceptable among both HIV-positive adolescents and adults. Definitive conclusions regarding clinical impact cannot be drawn due to the small number of adequately powered randomized trials in this review. Additional randomized controlled research is needed to draw inferences regarding intervention efficacy.
SURVEY ON DISINFECTION EFFICACY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICE STATION OF A DISTRICT IN BEIJING

Objective To know the disinfection efficacy and existing problems in community health service station of a district in Beijing,to provide the scientific basis to strengthen the disinfection management of community health service station.Methods Field investigation and sampling examination method were conducted to investigate 39 community health service stations and make the evaluation.Results The awareness rate of disinfection knowledge of the medical staffs of community health service station was 55.8 %.Executions rate of disinfection and isolation was low.428 samples were gathered,the average qualify rate was 86.4%.The qualify rate of hands health was 67.1%.The qualify rate of disinfectant in using was 64.5%.The qualify rate of oxygen moist bottle was 58.3%.Conclusions The total qualify rate of community health station was low.Management was not strict enough.It should strengthen supervision and disinfection knowledge training of medical staff of community health station.
Flexible Tip Ureteral Catheters in Clinical Practice

Abstract An ideal ureteral catheter has been produced and subjected to extensive clinical trial. Its safe, flexible tip permits passage into almost every orifice and ureter, regardless of its configuration, tortuosity or degree of obstruction. The flexi-tip catheter meets all of the criteria of the theoretical ideal ureteral catheter. It would appear to be the catheter of choice for most clinical situations and should be a welcome addition to the urologists armamentarium.
The redefinition of failure to thrive from a case study perspective

Explaining failure to thrive (FTT) in dichotomous terms--organic versus non-organic --no longer applies in the context of modern pediatric nursing. FTT has turned out to be much more multifaceted. One infant's story illustrates the complexities and long-term ramifications of a pediatric feeding disorder and the challenges faced by health care professionals and families in their care. The story illustrates how physiologic, sensorimotor, and behavioral issues can all impact a child's inability to gain weight as expected. With greater understanding, pediatric nurses can appreciate their role as members of a multidisciplinary pediatric feeding disorder team.
Coordinated Action of Nap1 and RSC in Disassembly of Tandem Nucleosomes

The SWI/SNF and RSC family of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers disassembles nucleosomes by moving nucleosomes into the vicinity of adjoining nucleosomes. We found that the histone chaperone Nap1 efficiently promotes disassembly of adjacent nucleosomes with which RSC collides and not the disassembly of nucleosomes mobilized by RSC. Nap1 is specific to RSC, as it does not target SWI/SNF, its paralog in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Extensive mutational analysis of Nap1 has revealed that Nap1 affinity for histones H2A-H2B and H3-H4 and its ability to displace histones from DNA are required for Nap1 to enhance RSC-mediated disassembly. Other histone chaperones, such as Vps75, that also bind histones are not able to enhance RSC-mediated disassembly. Our study suggests a mechanism by which Nap1 is recruited to actively transcribed regions and assists in the passage of the transcription complex through chromatin, and it provides a novel mechanism for the coordinated action of RSC and Nap1.
Alternative Antimicrobial Commercial Egg Washing Procedures.

ABSTRACT Commercial table eggs are washed prior to packaging. Standard wash procedures use an alkaline pH and warm water. If a cool water method could be developed that would still provide a microbiologically safe egg, the industry may save energy costs associated with water heating. Four wash procedures were evaluated for Salmonella reduction: pH 11 at 48.9°C (industry standard), pH 11 at ambient temperature (~20°C), pH 6 at 48.9°C, and pH 6 at ambient temperature. Alkaline washes contained potassium hydroxide–based detergent, while pH 6 washes contained approximately 200 ppm of chlorine and a proprietary chlorine stabilizer (T-128). When eggs were inoculated by immersion in a cell suspension of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium, all treatments resulted in a slight and similar reduction of Salmonella numbers (approximately 0.77 log CFU/ml of shell emulsion reduction). When eggs were inoculated by droplet on the shell surface, Salmonella counts were reduced by approximately 5 log CFU when ...
Riparian Soil Development Linked to Forest Succession Above and Below Dams Along the Elwha River, Washington, USA

Riparian forest soils can be highly dynamic, due to frequent fluvial disturbance, erosion, and sediment deposition, but effects of dams on riparian soils are poorly understood. We examined soils along toposequences within three river segments located upstream, between, and downstream of two dams on the Elwha River to evaluate relationships between riparian soil development and forest age, succession, and channel proximity, explore dam effects on riparian soils, and provide a baseline for the largest dam removal in history. We found that older, later-successional forests and geomorphic surfaces contained soils with finer texture and greater depth to cobble, supporting greater forest floor mass, mineral soil nutrient levels, and cation exchange. Forest stand age was a better predictor than channel proximity for many soil characteristics, though elevation and distance from the channel were often also important, highlighting how complex interactions between fluvial disturbance, sediment deposition, and biotic retention regulate soil development in this ecosystem. Soils between the dams, and to a lesser extent below the lower dam, had finer textures and higher mineral soil carbon, nitrogen, and cation exchange than above the dams. These results suggested that decreased fluvial disturbance below the dams, due to reduced sediment supply and channel stabilization, accelerated soil development. In addition, reduced sediment supply below the dams may have decreased soil phosphorus. Soil δ 15N suggested that salmon exclusion by the dams had no discernable effect on nitrogen inputs to upstream soils. Recent dam removal may alter riparian soils further, with ongoing implications for riparian ecosystems.
Histologic Changes in the Salivary Glands Following Radiation Therapy

Therapeutic radiation for cancer of the head and neck damages salivary glands that are situated between the radiation source and the target tumor and its metastases. With moderate to high radiation exposure, salivary glands are devastated and regeneration is limited. The resulting severe reduction in saliva has detrimental effects on the teeth and oral mucosa. The purpose of this review is to describe some of the salient histologic features of salivary gland structures and cells, how these are functionally related to salivary production, and thus how radiation-induced loss and functional impairment of each type of structure may contribute to reduced quantity and quality of saliva.
Risk of pneumonitis attributable to everolimus in cancer patients: A meta-analysis.

e13574 Background: Everolimus as an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is currently used for the treatment of several cancers. Its use is complicated with pneumonitis. A meta-ana...
2D‐Fe3O4 Nanosheets for Effective Arsenic Removal

Fe3O4 adsorbent with 2D structures was synthesized via solvothermal method and its application in arsenic removal was investigated. Isotherms were generated at pH=4.7 and 7.6 and the results were best fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model; good As(V) adsorption capacity was achieved for the Fe3O4 adsorbent at both pH values. Furthermore, pH effects were evaluated; the optimal pH value for adsorption was 8.27 with the adsorption capacity and the removal efficiency being 18.55 mg/g and 93.69%, respectively. Based on the measurements of the zeta potential and particle size of the adsorbent, we proposed that the overall pH dependence was a result of the combined effects of the zeta potential, particle size of the adsorbent, and existing form of As(V). From kinetics studies, the As(V) adsorption by Fe3O4 adsorbent followed the pseudo-second-order model and could be described by a two stage mechanism. When initial As(V) concentration was 1 ppm, 73% of the As(V) was adsorbed within the first 2.5 minutes and an overall removal efficiency of 82.5% was achieved in 2 hours. Increased removal efficiency is expected at higher adsorbent loading, thus allowing the post-treatment water to meet drinking water quality standards.
Creatine Use in Sports.

Context:The use of creatine as a dietary supplement has become increasingly popular over the past several decades. Despite the popularity of creatine, questions remain with regard to dosing, effect...
Quantifying Soil Respiration at Landscape Scales

Soil CO2 efflux, or soil respiration, represents a substantial component of carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Consequently, quantifying soil respiration over large areas and long time periods is an increasingly important goal. However, soil respiration rates vary dramatically in space and time in response to both environmental conditions and biological activity. Our objective in this chapter is to characterize the challenges in capturing this variability and accurately estimating soil respiration. We first review approaches to collecting individual soil respiration measurements, with particular focus on their applicability to landscape-scale studies. We then identify the major sources of variability in respiration rates and discuss how individual measurements can be structured in space and time to capture that variability. Lastly, we present a set of recommendations for an integrated approach that combines spatially distributed measurements with temporally intensive measurements to develop annual, landscape-scale soil respiration estimates.
Finite Element Model of Stress Wave Topology in Unidirectional Graphite/Epoxy: Wave Velocities and Flux Deviations

Until recently, the use of a finite element model (FEM) to simulate stress wave propagation has been limited to solutions where the number of degrees of freedom are kept to a minimum, because of hardware limitations on computer memory and computational speed. With the advent of a number of new supercomputers, numerical simulation becomes a reasonable approach to some simpler problems. Recently, Ludwig, et. at [1,2] have demonstrated the feasibility of such an approach for problems where materials are either isotropic or only slightly anisotropic. We extend this effort to unidirectional graphite/epoxy which has large variations in elastic properties. For this material the effect of elastic anisotropy on stress wave propagation has been studied both experimentally and analytically [3,4] and several interesting properties have been predicted and measured: mode transitions, sensitivity of flux deviations to small changes in anisotropy, and shear wave speeds exceeding longitudinal waves. With a FEM we can simulate and study some of these properties most effectively.
Numerical investigation of coalescence-induced self-propelled behavior of droplets on non-wetting surfaces

We numerically study the self-propelled droplet phenomenon upon droplet coalescence. The numerical method is based on a well-validated multiphase flow solver that solves the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. The liquid-air interface is captured using the moment of fluid along with a direction splitting method applied to advect the interface. And an approximate projection method is used to decouple the calculation of velocity and pressure. The solver is validated by comparing with the experimental results. Our results show that the droplet jumping process can be accurately captured. The simulated droplet deformation also matches the experimental results. To investigate the jumping mechanism, we compare results between two cases with and without a contact substrate. The history of vertical momentum shows that with a contact substrate, the droplet has a longer period of acceleration. The coalesced droplet with a contact substrate also has a smaller surface area which indicates that more surface energy is converted into kinetic energy. The effects of droplet size, surface tension, and droplet density are also studied. The jumping speed generally obeys the capillary scaling law. The effect of approaching speed is also investigated. With lower approaching speed, the surface tension dominates while with higher approaching speed, the inertia force dominates the jumping process.
Design and Evaluation of a Reconfigurable ECU Architecture for Secure and Dependable Automotive CPS

The next generation of automobiles integrate a multitude of electronic control units (ECUs) to implement various automotive control and infotainment applications. However, recent works have demonstrated that these pervasively computerized modern automobiles are susceptible to security attacks that could compromise the physical safety of the driver and/or passengers. In this paper, we propose a novel ECU architecture for automotive cyber-physical systems (CPS) that simultaneously integrates both security and dependability primitives in the design with negligible performance, energy, and resources overhead. We implement our proposed ECU architecture on Xilinx Automotive (XA) Spartan-6 FPGA. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed architecture using a steer-by-wire (SBW) application over controller area network (CAN) with flexible data rate (CAN FD) as a case study. We also optimize and implement a prior secure and dependable automotive work on NXP quad-core iMX6Q SABRE automotive board. We quantify the performance, energy, and error resilience of our proposed architecture for the SBW case study. Results reveal that our proposed architecture can attain a speedup of 47.9× while consuming 2.4× lesser energy than the optimized SABRE board implementation of security and dependability primitives. We further perform a comparative analysis of prior designs and the proposed ECU architecture for different in-vehicle networks, viz., CAN, CAN FD, and FlexRay. Results verify the feasibility as well as the superiority of the proposed ECU over other prior designs in terms of response time, energy efficiency, and error resilience.
Characterization of nuclear graphite elastic properties using laser ultrasonic methods

Laser ultrasonic methods have been used to characterize the elastic behaviors of commercially-available and legacy nuclear graphites. Since ultrasonic techniques are sensitive to various aspects of graphite microstructure including preferred grain orientation, microcrack orientation and porosity, laser ultrasonics is a candidate technique for monitoring graphite degradation and structural integrity in environments expected in high-temperature, gas-cooled nuclear reactors. Aspects of materials texture can be assessed by studying ultrasonic wavespeeds as a function of propagation direction and polarization. Shear wave birefringence measurements, in particular, can be used to evaluate elastic anisotropy. In this work, laser ultrasonic measurements of graphite moduli have been made to provide insight into the relationship between the microstructures and the macroscopic stiffnesses of these materials. In particular, laser ultrasonic measurements have been made using laser line sources to produce shear waves with specific polarizations. By varying the line orientation relative to the sample, shear wave birefringence measurements have been recorded. Results from shear wave birefringence measurements show that an isostatically molded graphite, such as PCIB, behaves isotropically, while an extruded graphite, such as H-451, displays significant ultrasonic texture. Graphites have complicated microstructures that depend on the manufacturing processes used, and ultrasonic texture in these materials could originate from grain orientation and preferred microcrack alignment. Effects on material isotropy due to service related microstructural changes are possible and the ultimate aim of this work is to determine the degree to which these changes can be assessed nondestructively using laser ultrasonics measurements.
Personalized and Precision Medicine Informatics Education

Personalized and Precision Medicine (PPM) informatics education is an emerging specialty area of didactic and experiential training. Formal didactic training typically exists in the form of graduate-level education which yields a master’s or doctoral degree upon completion. For experiential training, a variety of different forms of education may be used, such as formal residencies or fellowships. Informal options are desired by learners who are currently working in research or clinical practice and who need either targeted learning in result interpretation or targeted methods training to allow them to complete or enhance their day-to-day work. A variety of approaches to Personalized and Precision Medicine informatics education are described in the chapter including both formal and informal options for training in a variety of settings.
Training Homeless Education Liaisons to Support the Academic Needs of Homeless Students

The purpose of the qualitative descriptive case study was to describe how homeless education liaisons use training and resources to support the academic success of homeless students. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 local homeless education liaisons in Virginia to determine how they perceive and incorporate training and community resources to encourage the academic success of students experiencing homelessness. Research revealed that they training they received met liaison needs despite needed adaptations to address legislation changes. Implications for leadership are a need to allot necessary time for liaisons to meet needs of students through understanding liaison function and resource availability. Recommendations for assisting liaisons in meeting needs of students are made.
Combination of compositional data analysis and machine learning approaches to identify sources and geochemical associations of potentially toxic elements in soil and assess the associated human health risk in a mining city.

Abstract Mining activities change the chemical composition of the environment and have negative reflection on people’s health and there is no single measure to deal with adverse consequences of mining activities, as each case is specific and needs to be understood and mitigated in a unique way. In this study, the combination of compositional data analysis (CoDA), k-means algorithm, hierarchical cluster analysis applied to reveal the geochemical associations of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in soil of Alaverdi city (Armenia) (Ti, Fe, Ba, Mn, Co, V, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mo, As). Additionally, to assess PTE-induced health risk, two commonly used approaches were used. The obtained results show that the combination of CoDA and machine learning algorithms allow to identify and describe three geochemical associations of the studied elements: the natural, manmade and hybrid. Moreover, the revealed geochemical associations were linked to the natural pattern of distribution of the element concentrations including the influence of the natural mineralization of the parent rocks, as well as the emission from the copper smelter and urban management related activities. The health risk assessment using the US EPA method demonstrated that the observed contents of studied elements are posing a non-carcinogenic risk to children in the entire territory of the city. In the case of adults, the non-carcinogenic risk was identified in areas situated close to the copper smelter. The Summary pollution index (Zc) values were in line with the results of the US EPA method and indicated that the main residential part of the city was under the hazardous pollution level suggesting the possibility of increase in the overall incidence of diseases among frequently ill individuals, children with chronic diseases and functional disorders of vascular system. The obtained results indicated the need for further in-depth studies with special focus on the synergic effect of PTE.
Environmental Law After Sebelius: Will the Court’s New Spending Power Limits Affect Environmental State-Federal Partnerships?

This issue brief, invited by the American Constitution Society, analyzes the regulatory impacts of the new spending power doctrine in the Supreme Court’s 2012 health reform decision, National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius.In Sebelius, a plurality of the Supreme Court held that portions of the Affordable Care Act exceeded federal authority under the Spending Clause. With that holding, Sebelius became the first Supreme Court decision since the New Deal to limit an act of Congress on spending power grounds, rounding out the “New Federalism” limits on federal power first initiated by the Rehnquist Court in the 1990s. The new Sebelius doctrine constrains the federal spending power in contexts involving changes to ongoing intergovernmental partnerships with very large federal grants. However, the decision gives little direction for evaluating when the amount of change or funding reaches the threshold of spending power coercion. Sebelius thus leaves open important unanswered questions about the contours of the new limit and how it will impact intergovernmental bargaining. This issue brief analyzes the new spending power doctrine and its impact on spending power-based programs of cooperative federalism in environmental law, with special attention to the Clean Air Act. It became the basis for a more expansive law review article, The Spending Power and Environmental Law After Sebelius, 85 Colo. L. Rev. 1003 (2014), which is also available here http://ssrn.com/abstract= 2378675.
Depression in Mexican medical students: A path model analysis.

Abstract Background Depression is a mental health disorder present in medical students that foster cumulative disadvantages throughout life and that may compromise patient care. Yet, in Mexico there is a dearth of research concerning prediction models for depression in this population. Methods The aim of this cross-sectional study was to develop and test a path model analysis of depression in 103 freshmen Mexican medical students ages 18–23 years old selected non-randomly. Anxiety, emotion dysregulation, and coping skills were used as factors influencing depression. Mexican self-report scales were used as assessment measures. Results Main results showed that anxiety and emotion dysregulation had a significant direct influence on depression. Emotion dysregulation had a significant direct effect on coping skills and anxiety, while anxiety had a significant direct effect on problem drinking and alcohol problems. Fit indexes obtained indicate an excellent adjustment to data. R square indicates that 53.7% of the variance in depression can be explained by this model. Limitations The results are exploratory rather than confirmatory. The sample size was not large enough and the research focused on only Mexican freshmen medical students. Other factors associated to depression in medical students were not considered. Conclusions The current research provides unique findings in terms of a model of depression in Mexican medical students through which it is possible to design and implement interventions that decrease depression, thus positively affecting their well-being, their future careers as medical doctors and their abilities to serve the society adequately, especially in the context of Latin American cities.
Pomegranate derivative urolithin A enhances vitamin D receptor signaling to amplify serotonin-related gene induction by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.

Abstract Mediated by the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), the hormonally active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D), is known to regulate expression of genes impacting calcium and phosphorus metabolism, the immune system, and behavior. Urolithin A, a nutrient metabolite derived from pomegranate, possibly acting through AMP kinase (AMPK) signaling, supports respiratory muscle health in rodents and longevity in C. elegans by inducing oxidative damage-reversing genes and mitophagy. We show herein that urolithin A enhances transcriptional actions of 1,25D driven by co-transfected vitamin D responsive elements (VDREs), and dissection of this genomic effect in cell culture reveals: 1) urolithin A concentration-dependency, 2) occurrence with isolated natural VDREs, 3) nuclear receptor selectivity for VDR over ER, LXR and RXR, and 4) significant 3- to 13-fold urolithin A-augmentation of 1,25D-dependent mRNA encoding the widely expressed 1,25D-detoxification enzyme, CYP24A1, a benchmark vitamin D target gene. Relevant to potential behavioral effects of vitamin D, urolithin A elicits enhancement of 1,25D-dependent mRNA encoding tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2), the serotonergic neuron-expressed initial enzyme in tryptophan metabolism to serotonin. Employing quantitative real time-PCR, we demonstrate that TPH2 mRNA is induced 1.9-fold by 10 nM 1,25D treatment in culture of differentiated rat serotonergic raphe (RN46A-B14) cells, an effect magnified 2.5-fold via supplementation with 10 μM urolithin A. This potentiation of 1,25D-induced TPH2 mRNA by urolithin A is followed by a 3.1- to 3.7-fold increase in serotonin concentration in culture medium from the pertinent neuronal cell line, RN46A-B14. These results are consistent with the concept that two natural nutrient metabolites, urolithin A from pomegranate and 1,25D from sunlight/vitamin D, likely acting via AMPK and VDR, respectively, cooperate mechanistically to effect VDRE-mediated regulation of gene expression in neuroendocrine cells. Finally, gedunin, a neuroprotective natural product from Indian neem tree that impacts the brain derived neurotropic factor pathway, similarly potentiates 1,25D/VDR-action.
CEO Social Capital and IPO Performance

Initial Public Offering (IPO) outcomes are affected by the social capital of firm’s chief executive officer (CEO), proxied by CEO’s network centrality that identifies individual position within the hierarchy of all business executives worldwide. IPOs with CEOs who possess higher social capital are associated with higher underpricing, lower likelihood of offer price increases, and lower likelihood of positive wealth effects for pre-IPO investors. The results hold after controlling for personal characteristics, firm determinants of social capital, and direct relationships between IPO firm managers and underwriters. In addition, post-IPO insider sale trades initiated by CEOs with higher social capital are followed by significantly lower abnormal equity returns, and those CEOs are also less likely to be replaced following poor post-IPO long term performance. The influence and power derived from high social capital appears to allow CEOs to achieve greater entrenchment and personal benefits, which leads to increased risk of IPOs.
Inescapable scripts: role-playing feminist (re)visions and rehearsing racialized state violence in police training scenarios

This article examines how police vision is trained, tested, and scripted at the site of a local police academy in San Diego, California. I use the term scripting to illustrate how police recruits a...
Impact of SIRPα polymorphism on transplant outcomes in HLA-identical living donor kidney transplantation

Signal-regulatory protein α (SIRPα), a polymorphic inhibitory membrane-bound receptor, and its ligand CD47 have recently been implicated in the modulation of innate immune allorecognition in murine models. Here, we investigate the potential impact of SIRPα donor-recipient mismatches on graft outcomes in human kidney transplantation. To eliminate the specific role of HLA-matching in alloresponse, we genotyped the two most common variants of SIRPα in a cohort of 55 HLA-identical, biologically-related, donor-recipient pairs. 69% of pairs were SIRPα identical. No significant differences were found between donor-recipient SIRPα-mismatch status and T cell-mediated rejection/borderline changes (25.8% vs. 25%) or slow graft function (15.8% vs. 17.6%). A trend towards more graft failure (GF) (23.5% vs. 5.3%, P = .06), interstitial inflammation (50% vs. 23%, P = .06) and significant changes in peritubular capillaritis (ptc) (25% vs. 0%, P = .02) were observed in the SIRPα-mismatched group. Unexpectedly, graft-versus-host (GVH) SIRPα-mismatched pairs exhibited higher rates of GF and tubulitis (38% vs. 5%, P = .031 and .61 ± .88 vs. 0, P = .019; respectively). Whether the higher prevalence of ptc in SIRPα-mismatched recipients and the higher rates of GF in GVH SIRPα-mismatched pairs represent a potential role for SIRPα in linking innate immunity and alloimmune rejection requires further investigation in larger cohorts.
Development and Validation of the Asthma Exacerbation Risk Score Using Claims Data

Abstract Objective Pediatric asthma is a costly and complex disease with proven interventions to prevent exacerbations. Finding the patients at highest risk of exacerbations is paramount given limited resources. Insurance claims identify all outpatient, inpatient, emergency, pharmacy, and diagnostic services. The objective was to develop a risk score indicating the likelihood of asthma exacerbation within the next year based on prior utilization. Methods A retrospective analysis of insurance claims for patients 2 to 18 years in a network in Massachusetts with 3 years of continuous enrollment in a commercial plan. Thirty-six potential predictors of exacerbation in the third year were assessed with a stepwise regression. Retained predictors were weighted relative to their contribution to asthma exacerbation risk and summed to create the Asthma Exacerbation Risk (AER) score. Results In a cohort of 28,196 patients, there were 10 predictors associated with the outcome of having an asthma exacerbation in the next year that depend on age, meeting the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set persistent asthma criteria, fill patterns of asthma medications and oral steroids, counts of nonexacerbation outpatient visits, an exacerbation in the last 6 months, and whether spirometry was performed. The AER score is calculated monthly from a claims database to identify potential patients for an asthma home-visiting program. Conclusions The AER score assigns a risk of exacerbation within the next 12 months using claims data to identify patients in need of preventive services.
Sustainable Mining

The mining industry moves more earth than any other human endeavor. Yet mining companies regularly claim to practice sustainable mining. Progressive redefinition of the term sustainability has emptied out the concept of its original reference to the environment. Mining companies now use the term to refer to corporate profits and economic development that will outlast the life of a mining project. The deployment of corporate oxymorons like sustainable mining is one of the key strategies corporations use to conceal harm and neutralize critique.
Post-mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination Myocarditis.

A new trend of myocarditis among young adults who received mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 is emerging. We present the case of a young adult who presented with chest pain 3 days after the second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. He had elevated troponin I and C-reactive protein levels at the time of admission. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram findings were unremarkable. The patient improved with conservative management and was discharged home the next day. LEARNING POINTS Myocarditis is rare but is increasingly being reported in young adults post vaccination for COVID-19. Patients usually present with chest pain, elevated troponin and/or inflammatory markers. The condition carries a good prognosis and patients usually recover with supportive care. Keywords: COVID-19, myocarditis, COVID-19 vaccine CASE DESCRIPTION A 27-year-old male presented to our emergency room with sharp, central, non-radiating chest pain associated with fatigue, 3 days after his second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. The patient did not report any fever, chills, diaphoresis, upper or lower respiratory tract infection symptoms, nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea. He did not have any history of acute COVID-19 infection. Vitals were within normal limits. The physical examination was unremarkable. The ECG showed normal sinus rhythm without any ST-T changes. Chest x-ray showed no acute cardiopulmonary process. The patient was given aspirin 325 mg oral once and the symptoms resolved. Laboratory data showed elevated troponin I (0.245 ng/ml, normal 0–0.028 ng/ml) and C-reactive protein (44.2 mg/l, normal 0.0–8.0 mg/l) (Table 1). Table 1 Key laboratory findings supporting the diagnosis
Dataset describing biodegradation of individual polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs) by Paraburkholderia xenovorans LB400 in presence and absence of sediment slurry.

Abstract This dataset describes the biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners by Paraburkholderia xenovorans LB400 in absence and presence of PCB-contaminated sediment slurry, over time [1] . In absence of sediment, PCBs were extracted from aqueous bioreactors by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with hexane. In presence of sediment, the extraction method used was a modification of U.S. EPA Method 3545 [3] . Sediment slurry samples were extracted from bioreactors using pressurized fluid extraction (Accelerated Solvent Extractor; Dionex ASE-200) with equal parts acetone and hexane. GC–MS/MS triple quadrapole technology in multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) was used for identification and quantification of 209 PCBs as 174 chromatographic peaks. Samples were processed in batches of five along with one method blank per batch. All materials used in sample extraction had either been triple rinsed with solvent (methanol, acetone, and hexane) or combusted overnight at 450 °C to prevent background PCB contamination. Results from the method blanks were used to determine the limit of quantification (LOQ) as the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval (average mass plus two times the standard deviation). PCB congener masses were corrected for surrogate recoveries less than 100%. The PCB concentration dataset was dichotomized at the threshold of the congener specific LOQ. Concentrations of congeners below the LOQ were treated as zero. During analysis, PCB concentration data was filtered to include only congeners belonging to the commercial PCB mixture, Aroclor 1248. LOQ corrected data can inform future experimental design and be reused by other researchers for further analysis and / or interpretive insights.
Looking and Seeing

Negligence resides at the boundaries of ethics and perception. Consider a typical case: a driver fails to see an object in the road and causes an accident. In both law and moral life, we routinely hold people accountable for such failures. It is tempting to cast such failures in terms of a breach of duty, as the law of negligence does. We speak of a “duty of care” or about what a person “should have known.” And yet such failures are often not straightforwardly a matter of choice. This problem leads theorists in various unsatisfactory directions. Some theorists—negligence skeptics—express the radical view that it is actually a mistake to hold parties accountable for mere negligence given their epistemic position. Other theorists—negligence tracers—suggest that negligence can be traced back to some earlier culpable act or omission and that accountability can be appropriately assigned on this basis. Yet others—what I call “negligence externalists”—try to understand duties in a way that detaches them from choice, maintaining that a duty may be breached simply by having the effect of interfering with another. In this paper, I attempt to chart a different course. There can be, it seems, a mismatch between our duties to one another and the complaints which we may have to answer. I suggest that thinking about moral complaints procedurally fits an interpersonal morality that is often as much about seeing as it is about choosing.
Organization and Development of Sparsely Distributed Wide-Field Amacrine Cells in the Rabbit Retina

The retina is characterized by six major neuronal cell classes: photoreceptor, bipolar, horizontal, interplexiform, amacrine and ganglion cells. These can be further divided into multiple subclasses, as defined by their cellular morphology, number, distribution, and histochemical phenotype (Cajal, 1893; Boycott and Dowling, 1969; Kolb et al., 1981; Brecha, 1983; Karten and Brecha, 1983). Amacrine cells are located in the proximal inner nuclear layer (INL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL), and their processes mainly innervate the inner plexiform layer (IPL). These cells form numerous presynaptic and postsynaptic contacts with bipolar, interplexiform and ganglion cells, as well as with other amacrine cells (Dowling and Boycott, 1966). Physiologically, they can be broadly classified into transient or sustained types based on their responses to light stimuli (see Kolb et al., 1988, Djamgoz et al., 1990, and Bloomfield, 1991, for references). Anatomical and physiological investigations indicate that amacrine cells participate in multiple pathways in the processing of visual information through the retina.
Direct‐to‐Consumer (DTC) Advertising

Direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising - the advertising of prescription drugs directly to the consumer - continues to remain controversial. This article briefly discusses the nature of this controversy, and whether or not such advertising is beneficial for the consumer. Keywords: pharmaceutical marketing; prescription drugs; PhRMA; FDA regulations; controversial advertising
Analyzing constraints to support computational modeling of air traffic controllers

Research toward enhancing computational models of air traffic controllers for use in assessing new air traffic management concepts is presented. Simulation data from professional air traffic controllers is analyzed using a computational method for characterizing the constraints in force when the controllers take action. The results show controllers apply strategies to proactively prevent losses of separation between aircraft. This approach has advantages for complexity reduction and workload management and implications for human roles in future air traffic management systems.