cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructure and morphometry of the urethral glands in normal, castrated, and testosterone-treated castrated male mice.

Recent studies of the urethral glands in the male mouse and rat have suggested that they are testosterone-dependent glands that may be potential sites for secretory immunity in the male genital tract. In the present study we describe the ultrastructural features of these glands in normal mice and provide quantitative data on the sizes of the acinar cells and their organelles in sham-, oil-, and testosterone-treated castrated mice. Acinar cells in urethral glands from normal mice contain numerous secretory granules, prominent Golgi complexes, elongated mitochondria, and an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with large and dilated cisternae, all of which are features characteristic of secretory cells. In some acinar cells the cisternae of the RER were filled with closely packed, unbranched, straight, tubular structures that were oriented parallel to one another, that radiated from aggregates of dense material, or that were randomly attanged. In other acinar cells the cisternae of the RER showed a network of branching and anastomosing vesicular-like structures whose limiting membranes were occasionally seen in continuity with the membranes of the RER. Secretory acini showed large, unbranched tubules in the acinar lumen. When cut at right angles the large tubules exhibited a distinct fuzzy outer coat with fine projections radiating outwards. The ultrastructure of the acinar cells and the presence of tubules in the lumen suggests that they are engaged in secretion of a tubular protein. Morphometric analysis of acinar cells in the urethral glands showed that the mean volumes of nuclei, cytoplasm, secretory granules, vacuoles, and mitochondria were significantly reduced in castrated mice in comparison to either normal or testosterone-treated castrated mice. This confirms earlier observations that the urethral glands are targets of testosterone. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Single-Pulse and multiple-pulse femtosecond spectroscopy of ferroelectric materials

Ultrafast-time-resolved spectroscopy of ferroelectric materials and phase transitions is discussed. Impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS) experiments on optic phonon modes, including soft modes, are reviewed and new data on anharmonic phonon responses in PbTiO3 are presented. Multiple-pulse ISRS excitation of lattice vibrations is also reviewed. The prospects for driving large-amplitude vibrational responses and inducing ultrafast switching between different domain orientations or different phases are discussed. The need for theoretical guidance of these efforts is emphasized.
Analysis of some errors in the measurement of oxygen extraction and oxygen consumption by the equilibrium inhalation method

Some sources of error in the equilibrium inhalation method for the measurement of oxygen extraction fraction and CMRO2 by positron emission computed tomography scanning have been evaluated by computer simulation. Emphasis has been placed on errors that have not been thoroughly studied in past work. These include effects of random statistical errors, systematic errors in arterial blood radioactivity concentrations, and errors due to perturbations of the equilibrium state, to tissue inhomogeneity, and to subject motion.
Bi-2212 Canted-Cosine-Theta Coils for High-Field Accelerator Magnets

report on wind-and-react (W&R) Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+x (Bi-2212) insert coils that were fabricated using a Canted-Cosine-Theta (CCT) coil technology. In the CCT technology, a conductor is wound into canted helical channels that are machined into cylindrical coil winding mandrels, thereby creating a cosine-theta current distribution and providing stress support at the conductor level. The prevention of stress accumulations by the internal structure of winding mandrels is considered an enabling technology for high field Bi-2212 insert coils that target the 20 T magnetic field range. We report on the fabrication and reaction of coils for two proof-of-principle Bi-2212 inserts, BIN1 and BIN2, each consisting of two CCT coils. The BIN1 coils use insulated 0.8 mm diameter wires and INCONEL 600 coil winding mandrels with a stainless steel 316 shell, an overall diameter of 50.0 mm and a clear bore of 35.3 mm. The BIN2 coils use insulated 6-around-1 cables from 0.8-mm diameter wires, and aluminum-bronze mandrels with an aluminum alloy 6061 shell, an overall outer diameter of 68.6 mm, and a clear bore of 38.8 mm. The coils are designed to study the fabrication, reaction, and impregnation in Bi-2212 CCT technology, and provide a baseline for a Rutherford cable-wound coil set (BIN3). These latter coils target an insert-coil set with optimized current density in the windings, to enable the construction of an 18 T Nb 3 Sn-Bi-2212 hybrid dipole magnet.
The structure and function of the outpatient endoscopy unit

The authors present an analysis of the requirements for space, equipment, and personnel for an outpatient unit. These studies were derived from personnel and procedure time studies, evaluation of equipment and maintenance costs, and utilization of space studies and should be applicable to any outpatient endoscopy unit performing more than 1000 procedures per year.
Role of catalysis in sustainable production of synthetic elastomers

Elastomer business plays a significant role in the transportation industry. In fact, elastomers make the world move. Due to limited availability of natural rubber, synthetic elastomers bridge the gap between demand and supply in today’s growing tyre and automobile industry. With more than ∼ 10000 KTA total world productions, the impact of synthetic elastomer business cannot be overlooked. The need of synthetic elastomers for tyre and automobile industries is stringently specific. Catalysis plays an inevitable role in achieving the growing demand of specific synthetic elastomers. The present study will describe how catalysis plays a significant role in the sustainable development of elastomers with special reference to polybutadiene rubber.
Molecular vibrational spectra of potassium peroxymonosulfate, KHSO5 and KHSO5 · H2O, and of the aqueous peroxymonosulfate ion☆

Both i.r. and Raman spectra of solid anhydrous KHSO5 and KHSO5 · H2O were measured, along with the Raman spectrum of the peroxymonosulfate ion, HSO−5, in aqueous solution. A normal coordinate analysis of the ion was carried out, and the fundamental frequencies and force constants are compared with those of the isoelectronic fluoroxysulfate ion, SO4F−.
A novel fiber‐optic pH sensor incorporating carboxy SNAFL‐2 and fluorescent wavelength‐ratiometric detection

A fiber-optic pH sensor was prepared using the self-referencing fluorescent pH probe carboxy seminaphtho-fluorescein (SNAFL-2). The ratio of the emission from the base form of this dye and the emission near the isoemissive point is insensitive to variations in the excitation intensity and photobleaching. The carboxy SNAFL-2 and a photoaffinity crosslinker, 4-azido-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoic acid, succinimidyl ester, were attached onto poly(acrylamide-co-vinylamine) to form a hydrophilic functional membrane for the fiber-optic sensor. Photo crosslinking was used to create a crosslinked pH-sensing membrane and covalently bind the membrane onto the surface of the PMMA optical fiber. The fluorescent properties of the membrane-fiber conjugate have been determined. The membrane is stable, and the pH sensor shows a fast response time and excellent resolution in a wide pH range of 3 to 11.
FEM Analysis of the Deformation Behavior at Thickness Direction in Laboratory Plate Hot Rolling

As significant theory evidence in thick plate or heavy gauge plate hot rolling, the deformation behavior at the thickness direction was investigated. In the present work, multi and single pass rolling processes were studied by 2D explicit dynamic finite element method (FEM) simulation and verified by laboratory hot rolling experiment. The value of stress and strain could be obtained in any passes and time in the hot rolling process accurately. The verified FEM model could be used as an important reference factor for other hot rolling processes. Strain and stress distribution data was obtained from four portions at the thickness direction. A cooper rod was knocked into the hot rolling specimen, as a reference substance to observe the deformation after the hot rolling experiment. In the multi-pass simulation with nearly 10% per-pass reduction, the core metal yield when the total reduction was 40%. The same performance could be achieved when the first pass reduction larger than 20%. However, extremely first pass reduction would cause an instability deformation result in a confusion of microstructure. Finally, the relation between the reduction and the number of rolling passes was discussed.
SEROLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF STERIC ISOMERS.

The tests presented in Tables I, II, and III show that only in the higher concentration cross reactions do take place, and that there is definite specificity of the two sorts of immune sera for the homologous antigens. Thus it is easy to differentiate the l - and d -antigens in dilutions 1:100 and upwards. The occurrence of cross reactions can readily be ascribed to the fact that the l - and d -acids present in the two antigens are identical in every respect but the position of the groups connected with the asymetric carbon atom. The i -antigen reacts with both sorts of immune sera as could be expected since it must consist of a mixture of equal parts of l - and d -antigen. The reactions of the i -antigen appear to be only slightly weaker than those of the homologous ones owing to the fact that the intensity of the reactions diminishes but slowly with increasing dilution of the antigens. It is also to be considered that small differences cannot be judged very accurately. Tests with two l - and four d -immune sera not recorded in the tables confirmed the results already discussed. Considering that ferments are known to be adapted ordinarily to one type of steric isomers it may be worth noting that antibodies were formed by the same species of animals for optical antipodes. From the results summarized in Tables IV, a and IV, b one sees that the l - and d -immune sera also differentiate clearly between the l - and d -acids when they are not diazotized and not combined with protein. The l -acid inhibits much more the precipitation of the l -antigen by the homologous immune serum than the d -acid and the converse effect occurs if the inhibiting action is tested on the precipitation of d -antigen by d -immune serum. The inactive phenyl (para-aminobenzoylamino) acetic acid behaved in such tests as a mixture of l - and d -acids, i.e ., it acted markedly in both cases, more than the heterologous and less than the homologous acid. The experiments reported bring a definite proof for the view that the steric configuration of antigenic groups is one of the factors determining serological specificity. In the particular case under consideration the mere difference in the position of H and COOH as indicated in the following formulas sufficed to alter the reactivity. See PDF for Equation. The fact that steric isomers are acted upon selectively by immune sera may be supposed to play a significant part in the serological specificity of carbohydrates such as those discovered in bacterial antigens.
SIPPA-2.0 - Secure information processing with privacy assurance (version 2.0)

We present a two-party secure information processing protocol referred to as SIPPA-2.0 - targeted towards privacy preserving biometric data comparison and reconstruction. The original intention of SIPPA as reported previously is to enable private data comparison and reconstruction between a client and a server when (a) the client possesses some data that are “sufficiently similar” to that of the server, and (b) the server provides a scalar helper data to facilitate private data reconstruction by the client. In SIPPA-2.0, private data comparison and reconstruction are based on new theoretical results and a novel secure computation protocol referred to as SLSSP. These new results allow us to design and develop the much improved SIPPA and SLSSP protocols guaranteeing (a) security under semi-malicious model rather than just semi-honest model, and (b) privacy assurance with arbitrary reconstruction accuracy controllable by the server. Security analysis proving SLSSP secure under the semi-honest and semi-malicious models is presented. SIPPA-2.0 is applied to enable privacy preserving fingerprint comparison; where two parties can compare their fingerprint samples and can obtain a similarity score without revealing their raw fingerprint to each other. Experimental results on the accuracy of fingerprint matching and the run-time performance are also reported.
The effect of cryoprotective agents on intermolecular SS formation during freezing of thiogel.

Summary Both cryoprotective agents (glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide) and substances of little (sucrose) or no (urea and NaCl) protective value in living cells, retard intermolecular SS formation during freezing of Thiogel. Their mode of action is apparently osmotic. Glycerol and especially sucrose (but not dimethyl sulfoxide) even retard the very slow intermolecular SS formation in the absence of freezing. This may be due to the hydrated molecules acting as physical barriers.
Posture and policymaking in Canada‐US relations: The first two Mulroney and Chrétien years

Roy Norton provides a broad review of the policy “rhetoric” of consecutive Mulroney and Chretien governments, comparing the treatment of major issues in Canada‐US relations over the first two years of each tenure. Analysis begins with an identification of key rhetorical statements of each government, and provides a detailed review of their records around major foreign policy issues. For the PCs these include acid rain, arctic sovereignty, the Strategic Defence Initiative/Anti‐Ballistic Missile Treaty, Central America; and for the Liberals, NAFTA, national unity/summitry, cruise missile testing, NAAD, the environment, Cuba, and military cooperation in Bosnia and Haiti. The author concludes that the Conservatives sometimes adopted policies at odds with their pro‐US rhetoric, while the Liberals tended to have more bark than bite when it came to relations with the US. Norton describes several variables that should be considered in case comparisons: the personal relationship between leaders, intangible aspects...
THE EFFECTS OF RADIUM RAYS ON METABOLISM AND GROWTH IN SEEDS

The view is current in the fiterature on the physiological action of radium radiations that these rays produce their effects by altering the metabolism of the tissues exposed to them. The basis for this view appears to be the observation that exposure to radium changes the rate of cell division and growth. If the term metabolism is to be used in describing the reaction of organized matter to any reagent, in order to attain analytical significance it must be defined in terms of some definite set of chemical transformations. We have consequently carried out a series of experiments designed to test the effect of the B-rays of radium on those metabolic processes which result in the production of COs and to demonstrate whether any correlation exists between alterations produced in these activities and the ability of the protoplasm to take part in cell division and growth. I t is essential for such an experiment to select material which will enter into some well defined growth process, and of which the CO~ production can be examined before any change in the bulk of protoplasm has brought about a significant alteration in the quanti ty of COs produced. For this purpose we have made use of radish seeds, and have measured the COs given off, before germination has had time to take place. Doubtless, cell division and growth were beginning to take place while the measurements were being made, but any changes in COs production which occurred as a result were not sufficient to mask the effects produced by the radiations. The output of CO~ was measured in the apparatus described by Osterhout. 1 Fifty or seventy seeds were moistened and spread over the surface of a test-tube. Air was circulated between this test-tube
Impact of gate-oxide tunneling on mixed-signal design and simulation of a nano-CMOS VCO

Design optimization for performance enhancement in analog and mixed-signal circuits is an active area of research as technology scaling is moving towards the nanometer scale. This paper presents an approach towards the efficient simulation and characterization of mixed-signal circuits, using a 45nm CMOS voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with frequency divider as a case study. The performance characteristics of the analog and digital blocks in the circuit are simulated and the accuracy issues arising due to separate analog and digital simulation engines are considered. The tremendous impact of gate tunneling current on device performance is quantitatively analyzed with the help of an ''effective tunneling capacitance'', which allows accurate modeling and simulation of digital blocks with almost analog accuracy. To meet the design specifications of the analog VCO using digital CMOS technology, we follow a design of experiments (DOE) approach. The functional specifications of the VCO optimized in this design are the center frequency and minimization of overall power consumption as well as minimization of power due to gate-oxide tunneling current leakage, a component that was not important in previous generations of CMOS technologies but is dominant at 45nm and below. Due to the large number of available design parameter (gate-oxide thickness and transistor sizes), the concurrent achievement of all optimization goals is difficult. A DOE approach is shown to be very effective and a viable alternative to standard design exploration in the nanometer regime.
Change and Continuity in Concession and Victory Speeches: Race, Gender, and Age in the Closing Statements of the 2008 Presidential Campaign

Given the controversies related to race, gender, and age that characterized the 2008 campaign, and the uniquely historic outcome of the presidential election, one might expect deviations from rhetorical conventions associated with the concession and victory statements that marked the end of the campaign. This essay examines issues related to the race, gender, and age of Barack Obama, John McCain, and Sarah Palin that were manifest during the campaign and the ways McCain and Obama addressed those controversial issues in their respective concession and victory speeches. The candidates’ speeches maintained continuity with the generic aspects of concession and victory speeches. Within those generic constraints, McCain and Obama primarily addressed aspects of race. McCain implicitly addressed contemporary and continuing issues related to gender, whereas Obama did not, but neither candidate addressed issues related to age.
Estimates for solutions of reduced hyperbolic equations of the second order with a large parameter

Abstract We consider solutions of inhomogeneous, reduced hyperbolic equations of the second order, with a large parameter multiplying the unknown function. These solutions are defined on the m-dimensional region outside a star-shaped body. They satisfy an “outgoing” radiation condition at infinity and a Dirichlet boundary condition. We obtain a priori estimates for these solutions, at every point outside or on the surface of a two- or three-dimensional star-shaped body, that hold for sufficiently large values of the parameter. We prove that each solution is bounded by a linear combination of (i) the maximum norm of its prescribed boundary values, (ii) the L2 norm of the prescribed values of its tangential derivative, (iii) an L2 norm of the source term. This result is based on similar inequalities that we first obtain for a certain L2 norm of the gradient, and of the normal derivative on the boundary, of each solution defined outside an m-dimensional star-shaped body. For the special case of the reduced wave equation, Morawetz and Ludwig [1] have obtained similar estimates. Just as their results have been used in [3] to confirm the geometrical theory of diffraction, the estimates obtained in this paper can be used to establish the validity of certain formal asymptotic solutions of reduced hyperbolic equations.
Testing for Local Spatial Autocorrelation in the Presence of Global Autocorrelation

A fundamental concern of spatial analysts is to find patterns in spatial data that lead to the identification of spatial autocorrelation or association. Further, they seek to identify peculiarities in the data set that signify that something out of the ordinary has occurred in one or more regions. In this paper we provide a statistic that tests for local spatial autocorrelation in the presence of the global autocorrelation that is characteristic of heterogeneous spatial data. After identifying the structure of global autocorrelation, we introduce a new measure that may be used to test for local structure. This new statistic Oi is asymptotically normally distributed and allows for straightforward tests of hypothe- ses. We provide several numerical examples that illustrate the performance of this statistic and compare it with another measure that does not account for global structure.
Fluctuating asymmetry in common tern (Sterna hirundo) chicks Varies with hatching order and clutch size

ABSTRACT. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), small random deviation from bilateral symmetry, often increases with stress during development. Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) typically lay two to three eggs that hatch asynchronously. I predicted that C-chicks (last of three) should have greater FA than A- and B-chicks at hatching and that FA should be higher in chicks from smaller clutches, because of differences in parental quality. Tarsus length of newly hatched chicks was measured across three years, and middle toe length was measured in one year. Sample sizes exceeded 100 chicks in two of three years. Variation in tarsus FA with hatching order and clutch size was statistically significant in one year (P < 0.01) and nearly so in another (P < 0.10). No significant differences were present for toe FA. A-chicks from three-egg clutches appeared to have the lowest tarsus FA among categories of chicks in both years, and in one year they were significantly more symmetrical than B- and C-chicks from three-egg clutches. A...
Conceptual Difficulties Experienced by Trained Engineers Learning Educational Research Methods

This paper describes conceptual difficulties that may be experienced by engineering faculty as they become engineering education researchers. Observation, survey, and assessment data collected at the 2005 NSF-funded Rigorous Research in Engineering Education workshop were systematically analyzed to uncover the five difficulties encountered by engineering faculty learning to design rigorous education studies: (1) framing research questions with broad appeal, (2) grounding research in a theoretical framework, (3) fully considering operationalization and measurement of constructs, (4) appreciating qualitative or mixed-methods approaches, and (5) pursuing interdisciplinary collaboration. The first four can be understood in terms of disciplinary consensus; they represent explicit steps in education research that are implicit in technical engineering research because there is greater consensus of methods and standards. This work better frames the issue of rigor in engineering education research by clarifying the fundamental differences that prevent application of traditional engineering standards of rigor directly to engineering education research.
The Effects of the Defense Sector on the Productivity of Civilian Industry in the United States and the USSR

Abstract In this paper we estimate production functions in order to measure the effects of the defense sector on productivity in the civilian branches of U.S. and Soviet industry. The size of the defense sector is measured by a flow variable, annual expenditures, and a stock variable, the stock of military capital. For the United States, we use annual data from 1948 to 1985, and for the Soviet Union we use annual data from 1965 to 1987. The results of the estimation procedure provide strong support for the hypothesis that increases in the flow of defense expenditures provide a short-term spur to civilian industrial productivity in both countries during the period under investigation. The supply-side crowding-out hypothesis is also supported, and as expected, support is weaker in short-term estimates than in long-term estimates. J. Comp. Econom., December 1993, 17 (4), pp. 768-785. Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233.
The one-dimensional gas-lubricated slider bearing

Under the appropriate physical hypotheses, the problem of determining the pressure distribution in a gas-filled slider bearing becomes a singular perturbation problem as Λ, the bearing number, tends to infinity. This paper extends the results of an earlier one by the author to consider the case where the film profile has jump discontinuities in slope at points interior to the bearing. Application of the methods of general singular perturbation theory establishes the appropriate existence-uniqueness results for this problem, and a means is devised by which uniformly valid asymptotic approximations to the pressure distribution may be obtained for large values of Λ.
Metabolic Regulation of Citrate and Iron by Aconitases: Role of Iron-Sulfur Cluster Biogenesis

Iron and citrate are essential for the metabolism of most organisms, and regulation of iron and citrate biology at both the cellular and systemic levels is critical for normal physiology and survival. Mitochondrial and cytosolic aconitases catalyze the interconversion of citrate and isocitrate, and aconitase activities are affected by iron levels, oxidative stress and by the status of the Fe-S cluster biogenesis apparatus. Assembly and disassembly of Fe-S clusters is a key process not only in regulating the enzymatic activity of mitochondrial aconitase in the citric acid cycle, but also in controlling the iron sensing and RNA binding activities of cytosolic aconitase (also known as iron regulatory protein IRP1). This review discusses the central role of aconitases in intermediary metabolism and explores how iron homeostasis and Fe-S cluster biogenesis regulate the Fe-S cluster switch and modulate intracellular citrate flux.
Parasitic resistance current sensing topology for coupled inductors

Traditional current sensing topology based on inductor equivalent series resistance fails to extract phase currents for coupled inductors due to the presence of the magnetising inductance. This article proposes a new direct-current resistance current sensing topology for coupled inductors. By implementation of a simple resistor-capacitor network, the proposed topology can preserve the coupling effect between phases. As a result, real phase inductor currents and total current can be sensed. Detailed mathematical analysis and design equations are presented in this article. Sensitivity and mismatch issues are addressed. Experimental results show that the proposed topologies are able to extract phase current as well as total current with acceptable accuracy.
The role of stress echocardiography versus stress perfusion: A view from the other side

Stress echocardiograph is highly versatile, safe, cost-effective, efficient, and noninvasive and a readily accessible means of detecting, evaluating, risk statifying, and prognosticating patients with CAD. Dobutamine echocardiography has also shown promise for the assessment of viability in patients with both acute and chronic reversible left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
Petroleum and Alpha Radiation

IN NATURE of Feb. 28 (127, p. 317) reference was made to my recent address before the American Association for the Advancement of Science,1 as reported by Science Service. Lest the ‘novelty’ of the possible role of alpha radiation in the interaction of hydrocarbons in the earth's crust obscure its true relative importance, I should like to make a further communication and to suggest a new way of accounting for the absence of free hydrogen in natural gases.
Intravenous regional anesthesia: A review

I NTRAVENOUS regional anesthesia (IVRA), commonly known as Bier 's block, was first described in 1908 by Karl August Bier, Professor of Surgery at the University of Berlin.1 The technique gained popularity early on, but fell into relative obscurity because it was too cumbersome. Two tourniquets had to be applied: one proximal and one distal to the surgical site. It was necessary to wrap esmarch bandages in a precise manner. Surgical cutdown was required to gain venous access for injection of local anesthetic. By 1911, percutaneous brachial plexus blocks were developed, completely overshadowing Bier 's technique due to their relative ease and safety. In 1931, Morrisori z revived and modified Bier 's block. His method required one tourniquet and percutaneous cannulation of the desired vein. He was the first to suggest.a mechanism of action for IVRA, postulating that there was a direct effect of local anesthetics on terminal nerve filaments and major nerve trunks. Enthusiasm for the technique remained muted until revived by Holmes in 1963 when 0.5% lidocaine was used to achieve IVRAfl Homes published several papers that once again popularized the block. His modifications of the technique included prior determination of blood pressure, careful exsanguination of the extremity with either esmarch bandages or by elevation of the arm, and use of a pneumatic tourniquet. Holmes also suggested the use of a subcutaneous band of local anesthetic and/or a second pneumatic cuff to help control tourniquet pain. As such, IVRA has since developed into a relatively safe and effective technique that has withstood the test of time. Although in existence for nearly 100 years, interest remains in main-
Capo: a software-hardware interface for practical deterministic multiprocessor replay

While deterministic replay of parallel programs is a powerful technique, current proposals have shortcomings. Specifically, software-based replay systems have high overheads on multiprocessors, while hardware-based proposals focus only on basic hardware-level mechanisms, ignoring the overall replay system. To be practical, hardware-based replay systems need to support an environment with multiple parallel jobs running concurrently -- some being recorded, others being replayed and even others running without recording or replay. Moreover, they need to manage limited-size log buffers.This paper addresses these shortcomings by introducing, for the first time, a set of abstractions and a software-hardware interface for practical hardware-assisted replay of multiprocessor systems. The approach, called Capo, introduces the novel abstraction of the Replay Sphere to separate the responsibilities of the hardware and software components of the replay system. In this paper, we also design and build CapoOne, a prototype of a deterministic multiprocessor replay system that implements Capo using Linux and simulated DeLorean hardware. Our evaluation of 4-processor executions shows that CapoOne largely records with the efficiency of hardware-based schemes and the flexibility of software-based schemes.
Jamming communication networks under complete uncertainty

This paper describes a problem of interdicting/jamming wireless communication networks in uncertain environments. Jamming communication networks is an important problem with many applications, but has received relatively little attention in the literature. Most of the work on network interdiction is focused on preventing jamming and analyzing network vulnerabilities. Here, we consider the case where there is no information about the network to be jammed. Thus, the problem is reduced to jamming all points in the area of interest. The optimal solution will determine the locations of the minimum number of jamming devices required to suppress the network. We consider a subproblem which places jamming devices on the nodes of a uniform grid over the area of interest. The objective here is to determine the maximum grid step size. We derive upper and lower bounds for this problem and provide a convergence result. Further, we prove that due to the cumulative effect of the jamming devices, the proposed method produces better solutions than the classical technique of covering the region with uniform circles.
Economic growth in a mixed urban economy: Infrastructure investment and labor migration

The growth path of a mixed, open urban economy is considered, which is linked to the national economy through labor flows in the direction of higher per capita consumption. In the private sector, profit maximizing firms produce output, individually hiring labor but jointly using infrastructure with public good characteristics. The public sector chooses a taxation policy for dividing output into consumption and infrastructural investments to maximize the current value of future per capita felicity. Urban growth paths are derived, and public sector policies regarding the provision of infrastructure and the control of labor migration are analyzed.
Homogenization of Freshwater Faunas

▪ Abstract Biotic homogenization is the increased similarity of biotas over time caused by the replacement of native species with nonindigenous species, usually as a result of introductions by humans. Homogenization is the outcome of three interacting processes: introductions of nonnative species, extirpation of native species, and habitat alterations that facilitate these two processes. A central aspect of the homogenization process is the ability of species to overcome natural biogeographic barriers either through intentional transport by humans or through colonization routes created by human activities. Habitat homogenization through reservoir construction contributes to biotic homogenization as local riverine faunas are replaced with cosmopolitan lentic species. The homogenization process has generally increased biodiversity in most freshwater faunas, as the establishment of new species has outpaced the extinction of native species. There are important exceptions, however, where the establishment of n...
Mechanical Support of the Failing Heart

Abstract Mechanical ventricular assist with a centrifugal pump with or without anticoagulation for an extended period has been used in 41 patients with postcardiotomy ventricular failure. Left ventricular, right ventricular, and biventricular assist were required. The efficacy and safety of mechanical ventricular assist have been documented. Marked improvement in survival has been observed in the more recent part of this series, and is attributed to earlier employment of the assist device, maintenance of better flow rates near physiological levels, and use of biventricular assist to provide effective circulatory support. Mechanical ventricular assist is easy to use, and the conversion from ordinary cardiopulmonary bypass is also easy. Therefore, mechanical assist provides a very effective means of temporary circulatory assist.
Abdominal radiography in the emergency department: A prospective analysis

We present a prospective analysis of 100 consecutive abdominal radiographs of 96 emergency patients who were referred to radiology with a variety of abdominal complaints. In patients with diffuse, nonspecific abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or gastrointestinal bleeding, 98% of the radiographs were negative or had positive findings which were unrelated to the current clinical problem. Ninety-three percent of the positive radiographs that were related to the acute problem occurred in patients with renal colic; hematuria; ingestion of foreign bodies; previously known surgical conditions, such as incarcerated hernias; intra-abdominal metastatic carcinoma; fecal impaction; or true acute abdominal syndromes.
The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems

Increasingly research suggests that the level of internal regulation of function in agroecosystems is largely dependent on the level of plant and animal biodiversity present. In agroecosystems, biodiversity performs a variety of ecological services beyond the production of food, including recycling of nutrients, regulation of microclimate and local hydrological processes, suppression of undesirable organisms and detoxification of noxious chemicals. In this paper the role of biodiversity in securing crop protection and soil fertility is explored in detail. It is argued that because biodiversity mediated renewal processes and ecological services are largely biological, their persistence depends upon the maintenance of biological integrity and diversity in agroecosystems. Various options of agroecosystem management and design that enhance functional biodiversity in crop fields are described. ©1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
SmartWarf - A portable automated warfarin dosing tool

Warfarin is the most frequently prescribed oral anticoagulant and the second most common drug implicated in emergency room visits for adverse drug events. At present, the appropriate dose of warfarin is usually determined empirically on an individual basis by measuring patient response, which has up to 60-fold variation among individuals. It is now understood that patient demographics and genetic variability result in significant differences in warfarin doses required for effective and safe treatment. To help the clinician to calculate a patient-specific dose in real time based on the clinical and genotyping data, we developed SmartWarf, a user-friendly portable tool to help individualize warfarin dosing and follow-up. SmartWarf works in a personal digital assistant (PDA) or desktop computer and allows for the clinician to input and update the clinical data and results of the genetic tests. SmartWarf applies a dosing algorithm to calculate the dose and dose interval for the patient. Actual dosing prescribed and follow-up warfarin care are inputted into the PDA which is synchronized with either a hospital/physician office SmartWarf database or with a national core SmartWarf database. In the server environment, a centralized database stores the predicted and actual warfarin doses as well as patient's de-identified clinical and genetic data. The SmartWarf technology provides a real time and portable medical data transmission and handling tool.
A population study of Alterbia acutula (Wilson) Lentin & Williams from the Maestrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) of Maryland

Abstract The recovery of numerous, well‐preserved dinoflagellate specimens representing a population of Alterbia acutula (Wilson) Lentin & Williams from the Maestrichtian Monmouth Formation of Maryland has made possible, an assessment of the morphological variability of the species. The close affinity of A. acutula and A. asymmetrica (Wilson) Lentin & Williams is discussed. A. recticornis (Vozzhennikova) Lentin & Williams and A. curvicornis (Vozzhennikova) Lentin & Williams are herein considered junior synonyms of A. acutula.
A Review of Cohen, Swerdlik, and Sturman, Psychological Testing and Assessment: An Introduction to Tests and Measurement (8th ed.)

Cohen, R. J., Swerdlik, M. E., & Sturman, E. D. (2013). Psychological testing and assessment: An introduction to tests and measurement (8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill (xxv + 612 pp.).Psycholog...
From meandering to straight grain boundaries: Improving the structures of artificially induced grain boundaries in superconducting YBa 2 Cu 3 O y bicrystals

This paper presents several key aspects of the successful approach to preparing artificially-induced [001] tilt YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub y} (YBCO) grain boundaries (GBs) with uniform, well-defined structures. The authors have compared the structure of GBs produced in thin film bicrystals and bulk bicrystals, respectively. In the YBCO thin film bicrystals prepared by off-axis magnetron sputtering, meandering rather than planar GBs were generally formed due to the three-dimensional island-shaped nucleation and growth of the thin films. Experimentally, using a low film deposition rate has been demonstrated to reduce the magnitude of meander. However, complete elimination of the meandering configuration has not yet been accomplished due to the film growth mechanism. Thus, the authors have developed a dual-seeded-melt-texture process to produce uniform, planar GBs in [001] tilt YBCO bulk bicrystals. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies revealed GBs with a remarkably planar configuration on both micro and nano-meter scales, demonstrating that simpler, meander-free GB microstructures with well defined [001] tilt angle have been successfully produced compared to those formed in bicrystal thin films. The high reproducibility, excellent stability and well controlled GB orientations have established the dual-seeded-melt-texture process as a reliable technique for engineering artificial GBs for the purpose of systematic studies of more » GB properties and allow for more insightful measurements of transport properties across individual GBs. « less
Ligand design for site-selective installation of Pd and Pt centers to generate homo- and heteropolymetallic motifs

The modular synthesis of a series of nitrogen-rich polydentate ligands that feature a common pincer-type framework is reported. These ligands allow for site-selective installation of palladium and platinum to give rise to bi- and trimetallic complexes that have d8–d8 interactions.
Adrenal androgenic female-pattern alopecia: sex hormones and the balding woman.

Nineteen white women (age range, 18-37 years) with a distinct pattern of diffuse alopecia, characterized by retention of the frontotemporal hairline and progressive loss of central scalp hair, were evaluated. The serum adrenal androgen dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) ranged from 2.2 to 5.8 pg/ml (mean, 3.9 ±1.1 Mg/ml). The normal female range is 0.3 to 3.2 gg/ml (mean, 2.0 ± 0.7 gg/ml). All women had a normal total serum testosterone level. Of two women with elevated levels of serum prolactin, one had a pituitary adenoma as revealed by computed tomography. Apparently, DHEAS is hydrolyzed to dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and subsequently converted to more potent androgens. In the hair follicle, DHEA will inhibit glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, a key enzyme of the pentose cycle that is essential for the synthesis of nucleic acids. The disruption of the growth of scalp hair may be due to this increased adrenal production as well as to the peripheral metabolism of DHEAS.
Focused structural genomics

co-crystals, and it will highlight their relevance to pharmaceutical science and solid-state chemistry. The presentation will be organized as follows: A general introduction to the when, how and why of co-crystals with emphasis upon the hierarchy of hydrogen bonds that can be exploited to design co-crystals from first principles; Pharmaceuticals are perhaps the most valuable materials known to mankind and there are important intellectual property, regulatory and efficacy implications if one is able to discover new compositions of matter for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Emphasis will be placed upon pharmaceutical co-crystals, a long known but little explored alternative to more widely accepted forms of API such as polymorphs, solvates, salts; The potential impact of co-crystals on green strategies for the synthesis/processing of fine chemicals such as APIs and novel ligands for nanoscale polyhedra and their networks will be discussed with emphasis upon co-crystal controlled solid-state synthesis (C3S3); The use of co-crystals involving homochiral co-crystal formers for resolution of enantiomers will be discussed.
Line width dependence of stress relaxation and yield behavior of passivated Al(Cu) lines

Stress relaxation behavior of thermally induced stresses in passivated line structures is strongly influenced by the metal yield strength. For some line geometries, stress relaxation can lead to void formation. In this study, bending beam measurements have been carried out to measure the thermal stress and stress relaxation behavior of passivated Al(1 wt.% Cu) line structures with 3, 1, and 0.5 fim line widths. Our results reveal that stress relaxation in Al(Cu) films and lines shows Iog(time) kinetics consistent with a thermally activated dislocation glide mechanism. The kinetics of stress relaxation depend on line geometry and temperature, which can be explained by a combined effect of temperature (mass transport) and shear stress (driving force).
Greener Method to a Manganese Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst: Anion Electrolyte Effects on Electrocatalytic Performance

Efforts to reduce the cost of production and reduce hazards associated with catalyst production, as well as improve catalytic performance of fuel cells, is increasingly gaining attention in chemist...
Surface and Subsurface Morphology of Laser Bean Annealed Auge/Gaaa Ohmic Contacts

A study of the pulsed laser annealing of AuGe films on GaAs using a Nd:YAG laser has revealed differences between the surface and subsurface morfhologies. At laser energy densities lower than 1.1 J/cm 2 , the surface retained the smooth, “golden” appearance of deposited AuGe films, while evidence of damage was observed below the surface. At higher energy densities, surface damage was observed. SIMS profiles of Ga and As in the AuGe layer and a laser heating model have been used to explain the presence or absence of damage in terms of the outdiffusion of As and Ga through the laser created melt which leads to the presence or absence of Ga and As at the surface and below the surface.
Prenatal Screening for Thrombophilias: Indications and Controversies, an Update

Pregnancy is associated with increased clotting potential and decreased fibrinolysis. Women with thrombophilias have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy. At least 50% of cases of venous thromboembolism in pregnant women are associated with an inherited or acquired thrombophilia. Acquired thrombophilias have also been linked with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as recurrent pregnancy loss, intrauterine fetal demise, early onset severe preeclampsia, placental abruption, and fetal growth restriction. This article addresses indications for thrombophilia testing, the appropriate laboratory tests, and timing of testing to ensure reliability of results.
Applications of Apriori Model in Electric Power Company Decision Assistance

Data mining technologies represented by association rules are introduced.Data mining methods based on Apriori model are used in company management strategy mining activities through deep mining to form company decision repository to provide strong decision support for company management processes,especially in a more complicated environment.
DYNAMICALLY MIXING DYNAMIC LINEAR MODELS WITH APPLICATIONS IN FINANCE

Time varying model parameters offer tremendous flexibility while requiring more sophisticated learning methods. We discuss on-line estimation of time varying DLM parameters by means of a dynamic mixture model composed of constant parameter DLMs. For time series with low signal-to-noise ratios, we propose a novel method of constructing model priors. We calculate model likelihoods by comparing forecast distributions with observed values. We utilize computationally efficient moment matching Gaussians to approximate exact mixtures of path dependent posterior densities. The effectiveness of our approach is illustrated by extracting insightful time varying parameters for an ETF returns model in a period spanning the 2008 financial crisis. We conclude by demonstrating the superior performance of time varying mixture models against constant parameter DLMs in a statistical arbitrage application.