cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Energy-efficient, utility accrual real-time scheduling

In this dissertation, we consider timeliness and energy optimization in battery-powered, mobile embedded real-time systems. We focus on real-time systems that operate in environments with dynamically uncertain properties, including context-dependent activity execution times and arbitrary activity arrival patterns. We consider an application model where activities are subject to time/utility function (or TUF) time constraints, mutual exclusion constraints on concurrent sharing of non-CPU resources, timeliness requirements including assurances on individual activity timeliness behavior, and system-level energy consumption requirements including a non-exhaustable energy budget. To account for uncertainties in activity properties in dynamic systems, we stochastically describe activity execution demands, and describe activity arrival behaviors using the uni-modal arbitrary arrival model, which allows unbounded arrival frequencies. We consider the scheduling optimality criteria of: (1) probabilistically satisfying lower bounds on individual activities' maximal timeliness utilities, and (2) maximizing system-level energy efficiency, while ensuring that the system's energy consumption never exhausts the energy budget and resource mutual exclusion constraints are satisfied. For this multi-criteria scheduling problem, we present a DVS (dynamic voltage scaling)-based, real-time scheduling algorithm called the Energy-Bounded Utility Accrual Algorithm (or EBUA). Since the scheduling problem is NP -hard, EBUA heuristically (and dynamically) allocates CPU cycles to activities, computes activity schedules, and scales CPU voltage and frequency with a polynomial-time cost. If activities' cumulative execution demands exceed the available CPU time or may exhaust the system's energy budget, the algorithm defers and rejects jobs in a controlled fashion, minimizing system-level energy consumption and maximizing total accrued utility. We analytically establish several properties of EBUA. We prove that the algorithm never exhausts the specified energy budget. Further, we establish EBUA's timeliness optimality during under-loads, freedom from deadlocks, and correctness in mutually exclusive resource sharing. In particular, we prove that the algorithm's timeliness behavior subsumes the optimal timeliness behavior of deadline scheduling as a special case, and identify the conditions under which lower bounds on individual activity utilities are satisfied. In addition, we upper bound the time needed for mutually exclusively accessing shared resources under EBUA. We conduct experimental studies by simulating the algorithm on the DVS-enabled AMD k6 processor model, and by implementing it on QNX Neutrino 6.2.1 RTOS. Our experimental results validate our analytical results. Further, they confirm EBUA's superiority over other energy-efficient real-time scheduling algorithms on timeliness and energy consumption behaviors.
Elastic, silk-cardiac extracellular matrix hydrogels exhibit time-dependent stiffening that modulates cardiac fibroblast response

Heart failure is the leading cause of death in the United States and rapidly becoming the leading cause of death worldwide. While pharmacological treatments can reduce progression to heart failure following myocardial infarction, there still exists a need for new therapies that promote better healing postinjury for a more functional cardiac repair and methods to understand how the changes to tissue mechanical properties influence cell phenotype and function following injury. To address this need, we have optimized a silk-based hydrogel platform containing cardiac tissue-derived extracellular matrix (cECM). These silk-cECM hydrogels have tunable mechanical properties, as well as rate-controllable hydrogel stiffening over time. In vitro, silk-cECM scaffolds led to enhanced cardiac fibroblast (CF) cell growth and viability with culture time. cECM incorporation improved expression of integrin an focal adhesion proteins, suggesting that CFs were able to interact with the cECM in the hydrogel. Subcutaneous injection of silk hydrogels in rats demonstrated that addition of the cECM led to endogenous cell infiltration and promoted endothelial cell ingrowth after 4 weeks in vivo. This naturally derived silk fibroin platform is applicable to the development of more physiologically relevant constructs that replicate healthy and diseased tissue in vitro and has the potential to be used as an injectable therapeutic for cardiac repair. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 3058-3072, 2016.
Carbon Catabolism of Amino Acids

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on carbon catabolism of amino acids. In the majority of cases, the carbon residue of an amino acid in the course of its catabolism is transformed into a short chain di- or mono-carboxylic acid; in the latter case, this may be straight-chained or branched. The problem then becomes one of the catabolic pathways of these different mono- or di-carboxylicacids. Many of the clues to the metabolic pathways of the carbon residues of the amino acids were obtained by the investigation of the ketogenic, glycogenic, and antiketogenic properties of the different amino acids. The new advances in the methodology of metabolic experiments, in conjunction with the highly refined chromatographic procedures for the isolation and identification of even very minute amounts of the intermediate products of metabolism, have made possible very rapid advances in identifying at least the major chemical intermediates of the metabolism of the amino acids, as also of the other food components. As a result, the gross metabolic pathways are fairly well known for each of the amino acids.
Monetarism Yesterday and Today

The volatile financial environment of the 1980s has revived doubts about the reliability of monetary targets, reversing the growing acceptance monetarism had attained in the 1970s. Long-time opponents of monetarism see its fall from favor as overdue justification of their opposition; its proponents see a serious but not fatal setback. A middle view is that the monetarist proposal of constant money growth no longer inspires confidence in its capacity to stabilize output and the price level, but that monetarism’s monetary theory and policy continues. I shall comment on those developments and on the current status of monetarist ideas.
Nocturnal hypoxia-induced oxidative stress promotes progression of pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background & Aims Oxidative stress is proposed as a central mediator in NAFLD pathogenesis, but the specific trigger for reactive oxygen species generation has not been clearly delineated. In addition, emerging evidence shows that obesity related obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nocturnal hypoxia are associated with NAFLD progression in adults. The aim of this study was to determine if OSA/nocturnal hypoxia-induced oxidative stress promotes the progression of pediatric NAFLD. Methods Subjects with biopsy proven NAFLD and lean controls were studied. Subjects underwent polysomnograms, liver histology scoring, laboratory testing, urine F(2)-isoprostanes (measure of lipid peroxidation) and 4-hydroxynonenal liver immunohistochemistry ( in situ hepatic lipid peroxidation). Results We studied 36 adolescents with NAFLD and 14 lean controls. The OSA/hypoxia group (69% of NAFLD subjects) had more severe fibrosis (64% stage 0–2; 36% stage 3) than those without OSA/hypoxia (100% stage 0–2), p =0.03. Higher F(2)-isoprostanes correlated with apnea/hypoxia index (r=0.39, p =0.03), % time SaO 2 p =0.0008) and inversely with SaO 2 nadir (r=-0.46, p =0.008). OSA/hypoxia was most severe in subjects with the greatest 4HNE staining ( p =0.03). Increasing F(2)-isoprostanes(r=0.32, p =0.04) and 4HNE hepatic staining (r=0.47, p =0.007) were associated with worsening steatosis. Greater oxidative stress occurred in subjects with definite NASH as measured by F(2)-isoprostanes ( p =0.06) and hepatic 4HNE ( p =0.03) compared to those with borderline/not NASH. Conclusions These data support the role of nocturnal hypoxia as a trigger for localized hepatic oxidative stress, an important factor associated with the progression of NASH and hepatic fibrosis in obese pediatric patients. Lay summary Obstructive sleep apnea and low nighttime oxygen are associated with NAFLD progression in adults. In this study, we show that adolescents with NAFLD who have OSA and low oxygen have significant scar tissue in their livers. NAFLD subjects affected by OSA and low oxygen have a greater imbalance between the production of free radicals and their body's ability to counteract their harmful effects than subjects without OSA and low oxygen. This study shows that low oxygen levels may be an important trigger in the progression of pediatric NASH.
The Pedagogy of Shalom: What, How, Why, and Who of Faith-Based Education

As Nouwen (1971) points out, the most universal and most appreciated role Christian ministry has played through the ages is teaching. The last command that Jesus made to his disciples was to teach and obey everything he has commanded (Matthew 28: 20 ). Jesus presented and showed a powerful and effective teaching model through which his audiences were drastically changed. Based on the analysis of teaching of Jesus, this chapter suggests a model of teaching and calls a pedagogy of shalom drawn from Palmer’s four essential questions about teaching: “what”, “how”, “why”, and “who”. A set of propositions is recommended so that teachers, especially those serving at faith-based schools, may apply these propositions to their classrooms.
BRAIN AND NERVOUS SYSTEM | Cranial and Spinal Nerves of Fishes: Evolution of the Craniate Pattern

The vertebrates’ peripheral nervous system, including its sensory systems, shows limited reorganizations, allowing one to establish homology of cells and their underlying molecular developmental pathways across vertebrates. In contrast, whereas certain molecular and even cellular homology can be found with noncraniate deuterostomes, the dissimilarities at the level of organs abound and defy easy recognition of homologies in craniates. The molecular and anatomical data indicate that the deuterostome ancestors had a cutaneous nerve net resembling that of modern diploblasts and some basal triploblasts. Such an organism with a nerve net had none of the major cranial senses but should have possessed certain molecular and cellular similarities as recently revealed for eye, ear, antero-posterior, and dorso-ventral patterning. However, such homologies rest only on a limited set of genes and distributed single cells. This suggests that molecular pathways underlying patterning and organ formation, including the cellular composition and distribution of peripheral nerves, evolved rapidly through the acquisition of additional genes into an increasingly sophisticated genetic network. Close examination shows that evolution alters even clearly homologous organs and peripheral nerves through loss and gain of specific components for which the molecular basis is not well understood.
Immunopathology of Experimental Models of Syphilis, Influenza, and Asthma

The introduction of immunopathologic reaction classification in the 1960s led to a major advance in understanding immune effector mechanisms and how lesions of immunopathologic diseases developed. In this article, immunopathologic mechanisms are presented for experimental models of syphilis, influenza, and asthma. The chancre of syphilis is a delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction that is initiated by sensitized T cells that activate macrophages to phagocytose and kill the infecting organism, Treponema pallidum, in interstitial tissues. The primary immune effector mechanism in experimental influenza is T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity that kills infected epithelial cells, bronchial lining cells, and Type-II pneumocytes, in a manner similar to viral exanthema. The bronchial lesions of the experimental model of asthma in mice are preceded by an immune complex vasculitis and not an immunoglobulin E-mediated mast cell mechanism.
Leading-Order Nonlocal Kinetic Energy in Peridynamics for Consistent Energetics and Wave Dispersion

Abstract This work considers the approximation of peridynamics by strain-gradient models in the linear, one-dimensional setting. Strain-gradient expansions that approximate the peridynamic dispersion relation using Taylor series are compared to strain-gradient models that approximate the peridynamic elastic energy. The dynamic and energetic expansions differ from each other, and neither captures an important feature of peridynamics that mimics atomic-scale dynamics, namely that the frequency of short waves is bounded and non-zero. The paper next examines peridynamics as the limit model along a sequence of strain-gradient models that consistently approximate both the energetics and the dispersion properties of peridynamics. Formally examining the limit suggests that the inertial term in the dynamical equation of peridynamics – or equivalently, the peridynamic kinetic energy – is necessarily nonlocal in space to balance the spatial nonlocality in the elastic energy. The nonlocality in the kinetic energy is of leading-order in the following sense: classical elasticity is the zeroth-order theory in both the kinetically nonlocal peridynamics and the classical peridynamics, but once nonlocality in the elastic energy is introduced, it must be balanced by nonlocality in the kinetic energy at the same order. In that sense, the kinetic nonlocality is not a higher-order correction; rather, the kinetic nonlocality is essential for consistent energetics and dynamics even in the simplest setting. The paper then examines the implications of kinetically nonlocal peridynamics in the context of stationary and propagating discontinuities of the kinematic fields.
Circadian Rhythms in Neurospora Exhibit Biologically Relevant Driven and Damped Harmonic Oscillations

Circadian rhythms are endogenous cycles of approximately 24 hours reinforced by external cues such as light. These cycles are typically modeled as harmonic oscillators with fixed amplitude peaks. Using experimental data measuring global gene transcription in Neurospora crassa over 48 hours in the dark (i.e. with external queues removed), we demonstrate that many circadian genes frequently exhibit either damped harmonic oscillations, in which the peak amplitudes decrease each day, or driven harmonic oscillations, in which the peak amplitudes increase each day. By fitting extended harmonic oscillator models which include a damping ratio coefficient, we detected additional circadian genes that were not identified by the current standard tools that use fixed amplitude waves as reference, e.g. JTK_CYCLE. Functional Catalogue analysis confirms that our identified damped or driven genes exhibit distinct biological functions. The application of extended damped/driven harmonic oscillator models thus can elucidate, not only previously unidentified circadian genes, but also characterize gene subsets with expression patterns of biological relevance. Thus, expanded harmonic oscillators provide a powerful new tool for circadian system biology.
Two split-time artificial insemination programs in suckled beef cows

Our objective was to determine which of 2 split-time AI programs applied to suckled beef cows would result in greater pregnancy risk. Suckled beef cows (n = 1,062) at 12 locations in 4 states (CO, KS, MY, and WA) were enrolled. Cows were treated on d -7 with a progesterone insert concurrent with 100 µg GnRH and on d 0 with 25 mg PGF plus removal of the insert. Estrus-detection patches were affixed to cows at insert removal. The study was designed as a completely randomized experiment of 2 treatment combinations. Within location and balanced for parity (primiparous vs. multiparous), cows were assigned randomly to 2 treatment times (55 vs. 65 h after CIDR insert removal) at which time estrus-detection patches were assessed. Estrus was defined to have occurred when an estrus-detection patch was > 50% colored (activated). Cows determined to be in estrus were inseminated at either 55 or 65 h, whereas the residual nonestrous cows in both treatment times received GnRH at 55 or 65 h but were inseminated 20 h later at 75 or 85 h, respectively. Pregnancy outcomes were determined at 36 d after AI and at the end of the breeding season. Thus, pregnancy outcomes of interest were compared between the 55 + 75-h treatment combination and that of the 65+85-h combination. Expression of estrus was greater ( = 0.001) by 65 h after PGF than by 55 h (62.0% vs. 41.9%), respectively, and this proportion was influenced by parity (time x parity interaction; = 0.006). As a result, proportionally more ( < 0.001) cows received the timed AI at 75 than 85 h (59.4% vs. 40.6%). Similar proportions of cows not in estrus by 55 or 65 h were detected in estrus by 75 or 85 h (40.1% vs. 39.3%), respectively. The cumulative proportion of cows in estrus by 75 h was less ( < 0.001) than that by 85 h (66.7% vs. 76.7%), respectively. Pregnancy risks at 36 d differed among treatments, with cows detected in estrus and inseminated at 55 or 65 h having greater pregnancy risks than their time-inseminated herd mates at 75 or 85 h (62.3% vs.49.7%), respectively. Overall pregnancy risk for cows in the 65+85-h treatment combination was greater at 36 d than for cows in the 55 + 75-h treatment combination (61.0% vs. 51.4%), respectively. We conclude that the 65 + 85-h treatment combination produced more pregnancies than the 55 + 75-h combination, but its implementation may be somewhat less convenient in terms of cow handling times.
Quantitative Analysis of Immune Infiltrates in Primary Melanoma

Novel methods to analyze the tumor microenvironment (TME) are urgently needed to stratify melanoma patients for adjuvant immunotherapy. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) analysis, by conventional pathologic methods, is predictive but is insufficiently precise for clinical application. Quantitative multiplex immunofluorescence (qmIF) allows for evaluation of the TME using multiparameter phenotyping, tissue segmentation, and quantitative spatial analysis (qSA). Given that CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) promote antitumor immunity, whereas CD68+ macrophages impair immunity, we hypothesized that quantification and spatial analysis of macrophages and CTLs would correlate with clinical outcome. We applied qmIF to 104 primary stage II to III melanoma tumors and found that CTLs were closer in proximity to activated (CD68+HLA-DR+) macrophages than nonactivated (CD68+HLA-DR-) macrophages (P < 0.0001). CTLs were further in proximity from proliferating SOX10+ melanoma cells than nonproliferating ones (P < 0.0001). In 64 patients with known cause of death, we found that high CTL and low macrophage density in the stroma (P = 0.0038 and P = 0.0006, respectively) correlated with disease-specific survival (DSS), but the correlation was less significant for CTL and macrophage density in the tumor (P = 0.0147 and P = 0.0426, respectively). DSS correlation was strongest for stromal HLA-DR+ CTLs (P = 0.0005). CTL distance to HLA-DR- macrophages associated with poor DSS (P = 0.0016), whereas distance to Ki67- tumor cells associated inversely with DSS (P = 0.0006). A low CTL/macrophage ratio in the stroma conferred a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.719 for death from melanoma and correlated with shortened overall survival (OS) in the complete 104 patient cohort by Cox analysis (P = 0.009) and merits further development as a biomarker for clinical application. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(4); 481-93. ©2018 AACR.
Analyzing fine-scale spatiotemporal drivers of wildfire in a forest landscape model

We developed and applied a wildfire simulation package in the Envision agent-based landscape modelling system. The wildfire package combines statistical modelling of fire occurrence with a high-resolution, mechanistic wildfire spread model that can capture fine scale effects of fire feedbacks and fuel management, and replicate restoration strategies at scales that are meaningful to forest managers. We applied the model to a landscape covering 1.2 million ha of fire prone area in central Oregon, USA where wildland fires are increasingly impacting conservation, amenity values and developed areas. We conducted simulations to examine the effect of human versus natural ignitions on future fire regimes under current restoration programs, and whether contemporary fire regimes observed in the past 20 years are likely to change as result of fire feedbacks and management activities. The ignition prediction model revealed non-linear effects of location and time of year, and distinct spatiotemporal patterns for human versus natural ignitions. Fire rotation interval among replicate simulations varied from 78 to 170 years and changed little over the 50-yr simulation, suggesting a stable but highly variable and uncertain future fire regime. Interestingly, the potential for fire-on-fire feedbacks was higher for human versus natural ignitions due to human ignition hotspots within the study area. We compare the methods and findings with other forest landscape simulation model (FLSM) studies and discuss future application of FLSMs to address emerging wildfire management and policy issues on fire frequent forests in the western US.
Mast Cell Proteases Activate Astrocytes and Glia-Neurons and Release Interleukin-33 by Activating p38 and ERK1/2 MAPKs and NF-κB

Inflammatory mediators released from activated microglia, astrocytes, neurons, and mast cells mediate neuroinflammation. Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by inflammation-dependent dopaminergic neurodegeneration in substantia nigra. 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a metabolite of parkinsonian neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), induces inflammatory mediators' release from brain cells and mast cells. Brain cells' interaction with mast cells is implicated in neuroinflammation. However, the exact mechanisms involved are not yet clearly understood. Mouse fetal brain-derived cultured primary astrocytes and glia-neurons were incubated with mouse mast cell protease-6 (MMCP-6) and MMCP-7, and mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) were incubated with MPP+ and brain protein glia maturation factor (GMF). Interleukin-33 (IL-33) released from these cells was quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Both MMCP-6 and MMCP-7 induced IL-33 release from astrocytes and glia-neurons. MPP+ and GMF were used as a positive control-induced IL-33 and reactive oxygen species expression in mast cells. Mast cell proteases and MPP+ activate p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in astrocytes, glia-neurons, or mast cells. Addition of BMMCs from wt mice and transduction with adeno-GMF show higher chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) release. MPP+ activated glial cells and reduced microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) expression indicating neurodegeneration. IL-33 expression increased in the midbrain and striatum of PD brains as compared with age- and sex-matched control subjects. Glial cells and neurons interact with mast cells and accelerate neuroinflammation and these interactions can be explored as a new therapeutic target to treat PD.
MULTIPLE OVERLAPPING CIRCUITS WITHIN OLFACTORY AND BASAL FOREBRAIN SYSTEMS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the multiple overlapping circuits within olfactory and basal forebrain systems. The olfactory pathway is concerned exclusively with transmission of information about odors. The chapter explains that the synaptic connections and physiological properties, at each level of the olfactory pathway, have multiple functions. This shows that the olfactory pathway is not one system, but many systems, each with a different combination of connections and functional properties to contribute to the control of specific types of behavior in the animal. The central nervous structures involved in olfactory processing do not constitute a unitary system, but rather consist of several overlapping subsystems that mediate a range of olfactory and non-olfactory functions. The chapter diagrammatically illustrates the sensory part of the olfactory pathway, the elaborate system of axon collaterals arising from olfactory cortical neurons, and sensory input pathways to the limbic system. The possibility that limbic circuits may function independently of sensory input has also been discussed in the chapter. One reason why olfactory coding versus motivational, endocrine or motor functions is difficult to dissociate is that they share common neuronal elements and synaptic connections, arranged in different combinations for different functions.
Support Vector Machine Classification of Stroke Using Resting State Functional Connectivity (P03.193)

OBJECTIVE: To examine resting state functional connectivity differences between stroke and normal aging subjects using support vector machine (SVM) techniques. BACKGROUND: Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) is a powerful technique for studying whole brain neural connectivity. Pattern analysis methods can be used with rs-fMRI data to extract significant information and classify individual scans. DESIGN/METHODS: Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) time courses from rs-fMRI scans were extracted for 160 regions that cover most of the brain. All possible (12,720) region-to-region temporal correlations, or functional connections, were calculated for each subject. These correlation measures were input as features into a multivariate pattern recognition algorithm to build a model for discriminating between normal subjects (n=24, mean age = 47.4 years) and acute stroke patients (n=24, mean age = 58.8 years). RESULTS: A linear kernel SVM classifier discriminated between stroke and normal subjects with 83% accuracy (p-value CONCLUSIONS: SVM methods can be applied to rs-fMRI derived brain connectivity measures to accurately discriminate between stroke and normal subjects. Connections between brain regions that most influentially drive the classifier can be extracted to gain insight into pathological aging (stroke) and healthy aging subject connectivity. Disclosure: Dr. Vergun has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nair has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jensen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chacon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sattin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Prabhakaran has nothing to disclose.
A Comparison of Cognitive Restructuring and Thought Listing for Excessive Acquiring in Hoarding Disorder.

Excessive acquiring is a common symptom of hoarding disorder (HD). Little is known about subjective distress associated with acquiring in HD. The present study examined acquiring-related distress and reactions to cognitive restructuring (CR) in 92 individuals with HD and 66 community control (CC) participants. All participants identified an item of interest at a high-risk acquiring location and then decided whether or not to acquire the item. HD participants completed the acquiring task while receiving a CR-based intervention or a thought-listing (TL) control condition. Results showed that HD participants reported more severe distress and greater urges to acquire the item of interest than did CC participants. Nevertheless, subjective distress decreased in both groups following the acquiring task. There were no differences in acquiring-related distress between the CR and TL conditions. The findings indicate that subjective distress may decrease after relatively short periods of time in individuals with HD, but that a single session of CR may not alleviate acquiring-related distress in HD participants.
Liberation Through Oppression: Deleuze’s Minor Literature and Deterritorialized National isms in James Joyce ’s Ulysses

The novel Ulysses shows not only that nationalism fails to envision what a nation actually looks like but also that any democratic vision of literature itself cannot, by definition, be contained within one form. If the current rise of the Alt-Right and Donald Trump suggests a trend toward what Zygmunt Bauman posthumously terms “retrotopia,” or a retreat from the global into the intensely local, tribal, and even fetal, then a renewed assessment of Joyce via Gilles Deleuze shows the broad failure of a variety of nationalist discourses in addressing who or what actually makes a nation or, in the words of Trump himself, “makes a nation great.” Oppressive retreats into tribalism do not make a nation “great” or even constitute a nation period; they only fail to account for the citizens that make up that very nation. In short, a retreat from diversity and difference is a failure of imagining the human condition, an imagining only aided by literature and critical theory as egalitarian as Joyce’s and Deleuze’s.
Analysis and Design of a Full-Duplex Two-Element MIMO Circulator-Receiver With High TX Power Handling Exploiting MIMO RF and Shared-Delay Baseband Self-Interference Cancellation

In this article, we present how full-duplex (FD) operation can be integrated with multi-input multi-output (MIMO) operation using RF and baseband (BB) self-interference cancellation (SIC). MIMO operation increases the SIC requirements by a factor of $N^{2}$ , resulting in severe area, power consumption, and noise penalty. We present the detailed analysis, design, and implementation of RF/BB cancellers that address this challenge, as well as a bootstrapping technique to enhance the power handling of integrated circulator-receivers (circ.-RX). A 65-nm CMOS scalable two-element MIMO FD circ.-RX array with integrated $N$ -path-filter-based nonmagnetic circulators is described that: 1) exploits bootstrapping in the circulator $N$ -path filters to enhance Transmitter (TX) power handling by 8 dB and 2) features area- and power-efficient passive RF and active BB wideband MIMO cancellation with shared-delay elements to address the O( $N^{2}$ ) cancellation challenge. The prototype exhibits: 1) up to 35-/45-dB average SIC across 40-/20-MHz BW; 2) more than 42-/53-dB average crosstalk (CT)-SIC across 40-/20-MHz BW with <2.1-dB degradation in RX NF; and 3) overall TX power handling of +14 dBm enabled by clock bootstrapping.
The Uproar Over Gene-Edited Babies: A Semantic Network Analysis of CRISPR on Twitter

CRISPR-Cas9, a recent gene editing technology, has potential to greatly impact medicine, agriculture, and the environment; therefore, it is increasingly important to understand the public’s percept...
Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Surgeon Industry Compensation Reported by the Open Payments Database

Background. The current study aims to characterize and explore trends in Open Payments Database (OPD) payments reported to orthopaedic foot and ankle (F&A) surgeons. OPD payments are classified as ...
Exploring the mechanisms that influence adolescent academic motivation

A focus on school climate and culture can allow school leaders to gain an understanding of systems that promote motivation, engagement, and, ultimately, achievement among ethnically and economicall...
P-012 Shorter door-in door-out time is associated with higher likelihood of endovascular therapy and good outcomes

Background and purpose Endovascular therapy is associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients presenting with large vessel occlusions (LVO) however outcomes are typically worse in patients presenting as inter-facility transfers. A further understanding of the sources and impact of transfer delays is essential to improving outcomes in this population. Methods Data were analyzed from consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients with proximal large vessel occlusions (LVO) transferred to our comprehensive stroke center for consideration of endovascular therapy. The following variables were studied: door-in-door-out time (DIDO), baseline NIHSS/mRS, initial CT ASPECT, site of LVO, treatment and clinical outcome. Results 309 patients transferred from 14 referral hospitals to our CSC during the study period (January-December 2016). 61 (20%) had a proximal anterior LVO (53) or basilar artery occlusion (8). 40 (66%) underwent endovascular thrombectomy. 21 (34%) did not undergo endovascular thrombectomy – due to clinical improvement (33%), large core or poor ASPECTS (48%), high baseline disability (5%) and hemorrhagic transformation (5%). Median DIDO time in the endovascular thrombectomy group (98.5 minutes) was significantly better (p value=0.001) than the Median DIDO time in patients who did not get endovascular thrombectomy (185 minutes). The likelihood decreased by 0.5% for receiving endovascular therapy and 0.25% for good outcomes for every minute of DIDO. Conclusions Shorter DIDO time is associated with higher likelihood of receiving endovascular therapy and good outcomes. DIDO may be used as a clinical performance metric for stroke referring hospitals. Disclosures S. Desai: None. K. Shah: None. T. Jovin: None. A. Jadhav: None.
The Process of Self-Acceptance of Transgender Individuals Through Narratives and Photos

Narrative qualitative research design was used to explore the journey of self-acceptance of three transgender individuals throughout the transition process. The primary research questions of this s...
Predictive ability of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-3 in identifying risk of obstructive sleep apnea among recently unemployed adults.

The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD)-3 was developed to aid in the identification of these disorders. The core criterion A (ICSD-3A) to identify obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) requires the presentence of specific signs and symptoms. This study explores the predictive ability of the ICSD-3A for OSA as compared with objective measures of respiratory event index (REI). A total of 291 participants who completed a home sleep apnea test (HSAT) during the screening evaluation of the Assessing Daily Activity Patterns through occupational Transitions (ADAPT) study were included. Participants were classified as having mild OSA (REI ≥ 5 and 30). Predictive parameters identifying participants as having OSA by the ICSD-3A criteria were assessed using REI classifications as the reference standard and further compared with a subsample using the STOP-Bang questionnaire. The ICSD-3A had a sensitivity of 19.2% for identifying participants as having moderate to severe OSA and specificity of 84.4%. The ICSD-3A had a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) = 0.53. On the subsample of participants, the STOP-Bang questionnaire’s ROC is 0.61. Results were similar when examining the classification of participants with mild compared with no OSA. In this population, the ability of the ICSD-3A in detecting moderate to severe OSA as well as mild OSA was low. The ROC for the ICSD-3 did not differ significantly from the STOP-Bang questionnaire’s ROC in this research population.
A conversation with Xiaokui Shu: the pursuit of speed in cybersecurity

In this interview, Bushra Anjum, senior editor Ubiquity, sits down with Xiaokui Shu, a Research Staff Member at IBM, and they chat about the latest emerging issues in cybersecurity. Is it possible to discover modern cyber threats before attackers accomplish their goals? The discussion then turns to the new era of dynamic cyber defense, which consists of detection strategies and procedures developed on the fly by security analysts based on live observations.
A Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Dynamic Computational Offloading Method for Cloud Robotics

Robots come with a variety of computing capabilities, and running computationally-intense applications on robots is sometimes challenging on account of limited onboard computing, storage, and power capabilities. Meanwhile, cloud computing provides on-demand computing capabilities, and thus combining robots with cloud computing can overcome the resource constraints robots face. The key to effectively offloading tasks is an application solution that does not underutilize the robot’s own computational capabilities and makes decisions based on crucial cost parameters such as latency and CPU availability. In this paper, we formulate the application offloading problem as a Markovian decision process and propose a deep reinforcement learning-based deep Q-network (DQN) approach. The state-space is formulated with the assumption that input data size directly impacts application execution time. The proposed algorithm is designed as a continuous task problem with discrete action space; i.e., we apply a choice of action at each time step and use the corresponding outcome to train the DQN to acquire the maximum rewards possible. To validate the proposed algorithm, we designed and implemented a robot navigation testbed. The results demonstrated that for the given state-space values, the proposed algorithm learned to take appropriate actions to reduce application latency and also learned a policy that takes actions based on input data size. Finally, we compared the proposed DQN algorithm with a long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm in terms of accuracy. When trained and validated on the same dataset, the proposed DQN algorithm obtained at least 9 percentage points greater accuracy than the LSTM algorithm.
PIAS1 potentiates the anti-EBV activity of SAMHD1 through SUMOylation.

Sterile alpha motif and HD domain 1 (SAMHD1) is a deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase) that restricts the infection of a variety of RNA and DNA viruses, including herpesviruses. The anti-viral function of SAMHD1 is associated with its dNTPase activity, which is regulated by several post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitination. Our recent studies also demonstrated that the E3 SUMO ligase PIAS1 functions as an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) restriction factor. However, whether SAMHD1 is regulated by PIAS1 to restrict EBV replication remains unknown. In this study, we showed that PIAS1 interacts with SAMHD1 and promotes its SUMOylation. We identified three lysine residues (K469, K595 and K622) located on the surface of SAMHD1 as the major SUMOylation sites. We demonstrated that phosphorylated SAMHD1 can be SUMOylated by PIAS1 and SUMOylated SAMHD1 can also be phosphorylated by viral protein kinases. We showed that SUMOylation-deficient SAMHD1 loses its anti-EBV activity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SAMHD1 is associated with EBV genome in a PIAS1-dependent manner. Our study reveals that PIAS1 synergizes with SAMHD1 to inhibit EBV lytic replication through protein–protein interaction and SUMOylation.
Review of the Paraplea Esaki & China (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Pleidae) of Australia, with description of a new species

The family Pleidae is represented in Australia only by members of the genus Paraplea. Paraplea brunni (Kirkaldy, 1898) has a widespread distribution in Australia and is also known from New Guinea. Paraplea halei (Lundblad, 1933) appears to be an endemic species occurring only in the southeastern part of Australia. The widespread species P. liturata (Fieber, 1844) occurs in Australia but only in the Northern Territory and Western Australia. The description of P. bifurcata n. sp. documents a fourth pleid species, being known only from the Northern Territory. Paraplea bifurcata n. sp. is easily differentiated from other species of Paraplea by having a bifurcated abdominal keel. An identification key and discussion of morphological characters of the four species of Paraplea from Australia is given.
Pistor’s Code of Capital: Wealth Inequality and Legalism About Capital

In The Code of Capital, Katharina Pistor seeks to trace out the ultimate sources of wealth and capital. Her central claim—that wealth and capital are ultimately created by law—is at once more commonsensical and intuitive, on the one hand, and more insightful and provocative, on the other hand, than it might initially seem. At a time when there is deep and widespread interest in and concern about wealth inequality, Pistor argues (successfully, I think) that much inequality can be traced back to oft-ignored legal fixtures. She also argues (unsuccessfully, I think) that we can trace inequality back to law precisely because law is itself partly constitutive of wealth and capital. Fortunately, her more fruitful claims about how law affects the distribution of wealth and capital can be divorced from the less fruitful metaphysical claims about the nature of law and capital and lay the foundation for much future work of interest.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Comorbidities and Mechanisms.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease with an unknown etiology mainly characterized by a progressive decline of lung function due to the scarring of the tissue deep in the lungs. The overall survival after diagnosis remains low between 3 and 5 years. IPF is a heterogeneous disease and much progress has been made in the past decade in understanding the disease mechanisms that contributed to the development of two new drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, which improved the therapeutic management of the disease. The understanding of the cofactors and comorbidities of IPF also contributed to improved management of the disease outcome. In the present review, we evaluate scientific evidence which indicates IPF as a risk factor for other diseases based on the complexity of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the disease development and of comorbidities. We conclude from the existing literature that while much progress has been made in understating the mechanisms involved in IPF development, further studies are still necessary to fully understand IPF pathogenesis which will contribute to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for IPF management as well as other diseases for which IPF is a major risk factor.
Systematic revision of the Ailurinae (Mammalia: Carnivora: Ailuridae): with a new species from North America

Abstract This chapter deals with the advanced members of Ailuridae. Besides a few well-represented taxa such as Simocyon batalleri and Pristinailurus bristoli, the fossil record of Ailuridae mostly consists isolated teeth and fragmentary specimens. However, these two taxa are beginning to shed new light on this group of specialized carnivorans. In particular, the selection of various dental characters appears to have been mosaic, with different teeth specializing at different rates and with different focal zones. In addition, some forms specialize in hypercarnivory, whereas others have become adapted to hypocarnivory to varying degrees. It is quite likely that Simocyon's move to the trees may have directly led to the selection of features which allowed later Ailurids to exploit flowers and/or fruit (in addition to eating meat), and therefore hypocarnivory may have been a direct result of this change in lifestyle. Such a shift in feeding strategy was clearly advantageous to the group, with fossils covering much of the Northern Hemisphere. Moreover, it appears that although both living ‘pandas’ use their so-called ‘false thumb’ for feeding, each lineage acquired this unique trait via different pathways—one for feeding and one for climbing—making this one of the most fascinating examples of convergent evolution. Lastly, as demonstrated by P. bristoli, not every member of this group remained arboreal, which may have reduced its ability to compete with other more generalized omnivores and ultimately to the extinction of nearly every member of this group.
Immune response in experimentally induced uremia: III. Uremic adherent spleen cells are defective in their ability to act as stimulators in mixed-leukocyte culture

Abstract The ability of uremic spleen cells to act as stimulators in rat mixed-leukocyte culture (MLC) was examined. We have found that (1) the ability of uremic unfractionated spleen cells to act as stimulators in MLC is severely diminished as compared to control spleen cells; (2) depletion of adherent cells from control spleen cells by rayon wool (RW) markedly diminishes their activity as stimulators in MLC; (3) depletion of adherent cells from uremic spleen cells by RW has no further suppressive effect on their already diminished activity as stimulators in MLC; (4) the addition of control adherent spleen cells, syngeneic to stimulator spleen cells, reconstitutes the diminished MLC responses in cultures containing uremic nonadherent (NA) spleen cells as stimulators, the addition of uremic adherent spleen cells does not reconstitute the response in such cultures; (5) the addition of control adherent spleen cells, syngeneic to responder spleen cells, does not reconstitute the diminished MLC responses in cultures containing uremic NA spleen cells as stimulators; (6) treatment of control stimulator spleen cells with monoclonal anti-Ia antibody diminishes MLC; (7) treatment of uremic stimulator spleen cells with anti-Ia has little effect on the already diminished MLC response. In uremic rats, the adherent spleen cell population appears to lack an Ia-positive subpopulation and might therefore be less effective in stimulating MLC. This may have relevance to the inability to elicit graft-versus-host reaction (GVH) and to the increased rate of malignancies seen in uremic patients.
Corrosion of Ultrasonic Spot Welded Joints of Magnesium to Steel

Mixed-metal joining, especially between magnesium and steel, is one of the critical technologies in achieving light-weighting vehicle body construction. However, galvanic corrosion between mixed metal joints is inevitable but not well quantified. In this study, 1.6 mm thick Mg AZ31B-H24 was joined to 0.8 mm thick hot-dipped galvanized (HDG) mild steel by ultrasonic spot welding in lap-shear configuration. No specific corrosion protection was applied in order to study worst-case conditions for corrosion behavior. The approach used an automotive cyclic corrosion test — Ford Arizona Proving Ground Equivalent Corrosion Cycle (APGE), which includes cycles of dipping in a salt bath, air drying, then holding in constant humidity environment. Lap-shear strength of the joints decreased linearly with the exposure cycles. All the joints were either taken out of test cycle for mechanical test or they separated within the humidity chamber before 25th cycle. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of Mg(OH)2 deposit in the crevice between the AZ31 and steel sheets and on the surface of the AZ31. The deposit grew thicker with cycles with exerting enough force to deform the AZ31 and HDG steel and causing a gradual opening of joints. The corrosion of the AZ31 was localized and nonuniform. The most severe corrosion occurred not at the intersection of AZ31 and the steel but rather 15–20 mm away from the spot welds.
Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella in swine

The effect of inoculation dose on shedding of Salmonella heidelberg in swine was studied. Forty-five Salmonella-free pigs were placed into 4 groups. Groups 1,2 and 3 (n=12/group) received 10, 10, or 10 CFU Salmonella heidelberg, respectively, intranasally at 6 weeks of age. Group 4 (n=9) served as controls. Pigs (4/group and 1 control) were necropsied at 2, 4, and 6 weeks post-challenge (PC). Tonsil and nasal swabs, rectal loops (TNR) and clinical signs were monitored throughout the study. Following challenge, only a mild to moderate cough was observed. On day 5 (D5) PC, 5/33 (15.2%) swabs and loops were positive for Group 1 compared to 22/36 (61.1%) for Group 2 and 31133 (93.9%) for Group 3. Peak shedding levels occurred on D7 for Groups 1 and 3 (2.95 and 6.17 logs, ADept. MIPM, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 BEnteric Diseases and Food Safety Research Unit, USDA-ARS-National Animal Disease Center, 2300 Dayton Rd., Ames, IA 50010 *Corresponding author Telephone: (515) 239-8672, Fax: (515) 239-8458 32 respectively), while Group 2 levels peaked on D 1 0 ( 4.31 logs). Shedding ceased in Group 1 by D36 PC. More tissues were positive from Group 3 than any other group at the 4 and 6 week necropsies. For all groups, the tissue colonized with the highest numbers of Salmonella was the ileocolic junction. These data indicate that infection with S. heidelberg does not result in apparent clinical disease, regardless of dose. However, a dose dependent correlation was observed with respect to shedding and number of positive tissues.
Inhibition of brain glutamine accumulation prevents cerebral edema in hyperammonemic rats

The mechanism of brain swelling during hyperammonemia is not understood, but glutamine accumulation is consistently observed. We tested the hypothesis that brain swelling associated with hyperammon...