cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The UCERF3 Grand Inversion: Solving for the Long-Term Rate of Ruptures in a Fault System

Abstract We present implementation details, testing, and results from a new inversion‐based methodology, known colloquially as the “grand inversion,” developed for the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF3). We employ a parallel simulated annealing algorithm to solve for the long‐term rate of all ruptures that extend through the seismogenic thickness on major mapped faults in California while simultaneously satisfying available slip‐rate, paleoseismic event‐rate, and magnitude‐distribution constraints. The inversion methodology enables the relaxation of fault segmentation and allows for the incorporation of multifault ruptures, which are needed to remove magnitude‐distribution misfits that were present in the previous model, UCERF2. The grand inversion is more objective than past methodologies, as it eliminates the need to prescriptively assign rupture rates. It also provides a means to easily update the model as new data become available. In addition to UCERF3 model results, we present verification of the grand inversion, including sensitivity tests, tuning of equation set weights, convergence metrics, and a synthetic test. These tests demonstrate that while individual rupture rates are poorly resolved by the data, integrated quantities such as magnitude–frequency distributions and, most importantly, hazard metrics, are much more robust.
Otologic manifestations of experimental rhinovirus infection

Episodes of acute otitis media are commonly associated with viral upper respiratory tract infections. Rhinoviruses account for approximately 40% of these infections, and were previously shown to alter eustachian tube function and middle ear pressures. However, progression to otitis media has not been prospectively documented. In the present study, changes in tympanometric pressures and otoscopic findings resulting from experimental intranasal rhinovirus type-39 inoculation were documented in 60 adult volunteers. Fifty-seven (95%) subjects became infected and 34 (60%) of these had a clinical cold. Prior to viral inoculation, 3 (5%) subjects had middle ear pressures of less than -100 mm H2O and two of these subjects developed middle ear effusions following infection. In all, 22 (39%) subjects developed middle ear pressures of less than -100 mm H2O. No subject with normal middle ear pressures prior to infection developed evidence of effusion. This study extends the otologic manifestations of rhinovirus infection to include otitis media. Furthermore, these results support the hypothesized relationship between upper respiratory tract infections, eustachian tube dysfunction, and otitis media.
General Properties for Determining Power Loss and Efficiency of Passive Multi-Port Microwave Networks

ABSTRACTStarting from the scattering matrix formulation, three useful properties are derived that characterize the dissipative loss and the corresponding efficiency of a multi-port, passive microwave network. Elementary examples are considered that involve both reciprocal and non-reciprocal networks to demonstrate the utility of the expressions provided. When applied to the equal-split, matched, three-port resistive divider, they recover the known fact that the device is 50% efficient. The relations yield the new result that the efficiency of a three-port Wilkinson power divider is two-third on the average. Using the results presented, it is further shown that the Wilkinson power divider belongs to a class of most efficient, matched, reciprocal three-port networks that are constrained to provide maximum isolation at the output ports.
Zunahme des Strahlenrisikos bei niedrigen Dosen: Übereinstimmung zwischen bisher als unvereinbar bezeichneten Studien

Wenn wir aus gebuhrendem Abstand die vorherrschenden Denkweisen uber die Wirkung niedriger Strahlendosen auf den Menschen betrachten, dann erkennen wir in erster Linie, das diese Denkweisen von den als unbezweifelbare Tatsachen hingestellten Gutachten einer Anzahl internationaler und nationaler Kommissionen bestimmt werden. Zu den sich teilweise selbst ernennenden Ausschussen gehoren vor allem die ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection), UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation) und BEIR (US National Academy’s Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation). Diese Kommissionen erklarten mehrmals wahrend der vergangenen 30 Jahre, das Strahlenbelastungen unterhalb von circa 5 cSv (rem) als harmlos zu werten seien.
“Asianness” under Construction: The Contours and Negotiation of Panethnic Identity/Culture among Interethnically Married Asian Americans

Based on life-history interviews of interethnically married U.S.-raised Asians, this article examines the meaning and dynamics of Asian American interethnic marriages, and what they reveal about th...
Micromanipulation and Elastic Response of Electrically Fused Red Cells

Fusion of human erythrocytes may be obtained by several methods such as incubation with uranyl ions or some rare earth metals (Majumdar etal., 1980), treatment with calcium and phosphate ions (Baker and Kalra, 1979), incubation with viral fusogens such as the Sendai virus (Knutton, 19796), and treatment with polyethylene glycol (Knutton, 1979a). The method of electrofusion is relatively new in comparison and in its early stages of investigation and application. According to Zimmermann and Vienken (1982), electrofusion has several advantages compared with other methods of fusion: (1) the number of cells to be fused may be selected, (2) the loss of intracellular contents is decreased, and (3) the membrane properties are not changed by the addition of other substances.
Radiofrequency quadrupolar NMR stark spectroscopy: steady state response calibration and tensorial mapping.

Radiofrequency electric (E) fields oscillating at twice the usual NMR frequency (2ω0) can induce double-quantum transitions in quadrupolar nuclei, an NMR Stark effect. Characterization of such is of interest to aid understanding of electrostatic effects in NMR spectra. Calibration of Stark responses to an applied electric field may also be used to assess native fields within molecules and materials. We present high-field (14.1 T), room-temperature NMR experiments to calibrate the 2ω0 Stark response in crystalline GaAs. This system presents an important test of current techniques and conditions, as historical studies at low field (500−900 mT) and low temperature (77 K) provide a basis for comparison. Our measurements of steady state response reveal the quadrupolar Stark tuning rate for 69Ga in this material. The value, βQ = (11.5 ± 0.1) × 1012 m−1, is 3.6 times larger than the most-reliable prior result. In the process, we also uncovered a previously unobserved double-quantum steady state coherence. It app...
Diffuse hypopigmentation followed by hyperpigmentation in an african american woman with hemangiopericytoma treated with dasatinib.

Dasatinib is a second-generation multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that has activity against many imatinib-resistant BCR-ABL mutant forms, Src, and c-Kit tyrosine kinases. While skin hypopigmentation is a well recognized adverse effect of first generation TKIs; it has rarely been reported with dasatinib. We report a unique case of diffuse cutaneous hypopigmentation induced by dasatinib followed by hyperpigmentation occurring in the same patient. A 52-year-old African American female with a history of metastatic hemangiopericytoma was initiated on dasatinib as part of a clinical trial. After 2 months of treatment, she developed generalized skin hypopigmentation. Within 1 month of discontinuing the drug, the patient’s skin pigmentation returned to normal. However, she then developed diffuse skin hyperpigmentation over the next couple of months. The hyperpigmentation was self-limited, and eventually resolved after several months.
Recent and Possible Future Variations in the North American Monsoon

The dynamics and recent and possible future changes of the June–September rainfall associated with the North American Monsoon (NAM) are reviewed in this chapter. Our analysis as well as previous analyses of the trend in June–September precipitation from 1948 until 2010 indicate significant precipitation increases over New Mexico and the core NAM region, and significant precipitation decreases over southwest Mexico. The trends in June–September precipitation have been forced by anomalous cyclonic circulation centered at 15°N latitude over the eastern Pacific Ocean. The anomalous cyclonic circulation is responsible for changes in the flux of moisture and the divergence of moisture flux within the core NAM region. Future climate projections using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models, as part of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), support the observed analyses of a later shift in the monsoon season in the presence of increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere under the RCP8.5 scenario. The CMIP5 models under the RCP8.5 scenario predict significant NAM-related rainfall decreases during June and July and predict significant NAM-related rainfall increases during September and October.
Community-based conservation as a potential source of conflict around a protected area in Sierra Leone

Community-based conservation efforts are designed to foster local stewardship of important ecological resources. However, inequitable distribution of costs and benefits in communities surrounding protected areas can negatively impact livelihoods, increase wealth disparities and create conflict. To examine the potential for conflict between host communities involved in a community-based conservation program and neighbouring (non-host) communities, we explored local residents’ attitudes towards conservation at Tiwai Island Wildlife Sanctuary (TIWS) in Sierra Leone. Intercept surveys (n = 368) were conducted in 18 villages (eight host, ten non-host) within 8 km of TIWS during 2010. Results revealed significant differences between residents of the host and non-host villages with respect to attitudes towards resource use and overall support for site protection. The most substantial discrepancies centred on perceived benefits associated with TIWS, and these drastically different perspectives generated a high potential for conflict. To minimize conflict and foster broader community support for conservation, managers must carefully consider how benefits associated with protected areas are communicated and distributed across protected area-proximate landscapes.
Innovative Application of Ultrasonic Welding in Automotive Barrel-type Meter

The principle of ultrasonic welding is introduced;a pattern of well-set and pretty barrel-type combination meter has been developed through the innovative design of its structure and the innovative application of ultrasonic welding.
The production plan decomposition model of the Plate Mill of Maanshan Iron & Steel Co Ltd

The plan decomposition model of the month plan to ten days' plan is built. By using the multi-stage decomposition goal programming method and combining the fact of the Plate Mill, the data simulation at differ-ent priority levels is carried out, and the multi-scheme evaluation of the simulation results is made. The re-sults can be used as the basis of working out production plan for managers.
Risk Factor Analysis for In-hospital Death in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Combining Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmia

Objective: To analyze the risk factors for in-hospital death in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) combining malignant ventricular arrhythmia(MVA). Methods: A total of 224 AMI patients combining MVA treated in our hospital from 2006-01 to 2012-12 were summarized. There were 173 male, and the average age of the patients was at(60.2±12.1) years. The patients were divided into 2 groups, Survival group, n=155 and Death group, n=69. The clinical characteristics and the risk factors for in-hospital death were analyzed and compared between 2 groups.Results: In Survival group, the patients were more male, with younger age and better NYHA class, there were fewer patients with diabetes mellitus and the history of angina. The patients had shorter period from AMI to the first onset of MVA, had lower serum levels of creatinin and K+, lower rate of J wave in ECG. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that NYHA higher than I, abnormal kidney function, presence of J wave in ECG, the period from AMI to the first onset of MVA longer than 24 hours were the independent risk factors for in-hospital death in AMI patients combining MVA. Conclusion: Higher NYHA class, abnormal kidney function, J wave presence in ECG and the period of AMI to the first onset of MVA longer than 24 hours were the risk factors for increasing the in-hospital death in AMI patients combining MVA.
Caffeine Cytochrome P450 1A2 Metabolic Phenotype Does Not Predict the Metabolism of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Humans

2-Amino-1-methylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) are carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) formed in well-done cooked meats. Chemicals that induce cytochrome P450 (P450) 1A2, a major enzyme involved in the bioactivation of HAAs, also form in cooked meat. Therefore, well-done cooked meat may pose an increase in cancer risk because it contains both inducers of P450 1A2 and procarcinogenic HAAs. We examined the influence of components in meat to modulate P450 1A2 activity and the metabolism of PhIP and MeIQx in volunteers during a 4 week feeding study of well-done cooked beef. The mean P450 1A2 activity, assessed by caffeine metabolic phenotyping, ranged from 6.3 to 7.1 before the feeding study commenced and from 9.6 to 10.4 during the meat feeding period: the difference in means was significant (P < 0.001). Unaltered PhIP, MeIQx, and their P450 1A2 metabolites, N(2)-(β-1-glucosiduronyl)-2-(hydroxyamino)-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (HON-PhIP-N(2)-Gl); N3-(β-1-glucosiduronyl)-2-(hydroxyamino)-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (HON-PhIP-N3-Gl); 2-amino-3-methylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoxaline-8-carboxylic acid (IQx-8-COOH); and 2-amino-8-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (8-CH2OH-IQx) were measured in urine during days 2, 14, and 28 of the meat diet. Significant correlations were observed on these days between the levels of the unaltered HAAs and their oxidized metabolites, when expressed as percent of dose ingested or as metabolic ratios. However, there was no statistically significant correlation between the caffeine P450 1A2 phenotype and any urinary HAA biomarker. Although the P450 1A2 activity varied by greater than 20-fold among the subjects, there was a large intraindividual variation of the P450 1A2 phenotype and inconsistent responses to inducers of P450 1A2. The coefficient of variation of the P450 1A2 phenotype within-individual ranged between 1 to 112% (median = 40%) during the entire course of the study. The caffeine metabolic phenotype for P450 1A2 was a poor predictor of oxidative urinary metabolites of PhIP and MeIQx and may not be a reliable measure to assess the role of HAAs in cancer risk.
The use of image-guidance during transsphenoidal pituitary surgery in the United States.

BACKGROUND Intraoperative image guidance is a useful modality for transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. However, the outcomes associated with this technology have not been systematically evaluated. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to quantify complication rates with and without the use of image guidance during transsphenoidal pituitary surgery using a nationwide database with broadly applicable results. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample was performed from 2007 to 2011. Transsphenoidal pituitary resections for adenomas were identified by International Classification of Diseases-9th Revision, Clinical Modification code. The effect of image guidance on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak complications and cost-benefit was analyzed. RESULTS A total of 48,848 transsphenoidal pituitary resections were identified, of which 77.5% were partial resections and 22.5% were complete. Pathologic indications included benign (89.3%), malignant primary (0.6%), and malignant secondary (0.4%). Complications included same-stay death (0.4%), CSF leak (8.8%), postoperative CSF rhinorrhea (1.9%), diabetes insipidus (12.4%), and meningitis (0.4%). Image guidance was employed in 7% (n = 3401) of all cases. When analyzed by modality, computed tomography (CT)-assisted procedures had lower CSF rhinorrhea rates (1.1%) compared with cases with no image guidance (1.9%), whereas magnetic resonance (MR)-assisted procedures had the highest rates (2.7%, χ2 p < 0.001). Rates of CSF leak demonstrated a similar pattern (CT 6.4%, no image guidance 8.9%, MR 9.2%, χ2 p < 0.001). CT-assisted surgery had significantly shorter length of stay (2.9 days) versus no image guidance (3.7 days, p < 0.001), lower total charges ($47,589 versus $62,629, p < 0.001), and lower total cost ($16,748 versus $20,530, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CT-assisted surgery is associated with a lower rate of CSF leak, shorter length of stay, and lower cost compared with patients without image guidance. Further studies that control for severity and extent of disease are warranted to confirm this finding.
A newly recognized vesiculovirus, Calchaqui virus, and subtypes of Melao and Maguari viruses from Argentina, with serologic evidence for infections of humans and horses.

Abstract In 1983, 17 virus strains were isolated from mosquitoes collected during an outbreak of western equine encephalitis in Santa Fe Province, Argentina. Strains of western equine encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, and Antequera viruses were isolated, as were several bunyaviruses of the California and Bunyamwera serogroups and a new vesiculovirus. Complement fixation and neutralization tests were used to identify the California serogroup virus as a subtype of Melao virus, the Bunyamwera serogroup virus as a subtype of both Maguari and Playas viruses, and the vesiculovirus as a newly recognized agent for which the name Calchaqui virus is proposed. A limited serosurvey of horses and humans in Santa Fe Province and horses from the adjacent Santiago del Estero Province was performed to determine the prevalence of neutralizing antibody to the subtypes of Melao and Maguari viruses and to Calchaqui virus. The high prevalence of antibodies to these three agents indicates the need for further studies of their disease potential in horses, because they are closely related to several other viruses that are known equine pathogens.
Resident holes and electrons at organic/conductor and organic/organic interfaces: An electron paramagnetic resonance investigation

Abstract A number of organic/conductor and organic/organic interfaces have been examined by EPR spectroscopy to ascertain the areal concentration of organic ions at the interface. Organic hole transport materials such as NPB and TAPC at an interface with MoO x are found to have areal concentrations on the order of 10 14 cations per cm 2 . C 60 at an interface with MoO x creates ≈10 13 cations per cm 2 depending on the roughness of the substrate. However, C 60 at an interface with Mg or Ag produces only about 4 × 10 12 anions per cm 2 . Ion concentrations are generally in accord with the energy levels (adiabatic IP, EA etc) of the two materials at a given interface.
Monitoring tissue blood flow and oxygenation: a brief review of emerging techniques.

Emerging technology should be carefully evaluated prior to implementation and end users should carefully consider the validity of the measurement prior to altering patient therapy. Near-infrared spectroscopy, laser Doppler flowmetry, and videomicroscopy may be used to assess perfusion in the microcirculation although each technique has inherent limitations due to their regional nature. Tissue oxygen and carbon dioxide levels seem to reflect the extent of tissue metabolism but are also regional in nature. Increased lactate levels usually reflect abnormal metabolism but may increase in the absence of cellular hypoxia under certain circumstances.
Touching Mortality, Touching Strength: Clinical Work with Dying Patients

This paper outlines some of the special stresses that must be shouldered by clinicians—physicians, nurses, chaplains, social workers, pastoral staff, and others—whose work focuses on dying and extremely vulnerable patients. The utility of a theory of generative death anxiety as a framework for interpreting the nature of these special stresses is suggested. Three common ‘burnout’ reactions are examined. The paper concludes that positive acceptance of personal mortality may help clinicians avoid burnout and lead to better therapeutic practice. This framework for interpreting therapeutic practice demonstrates the integral role spirituality plays in work with this particular patient group.
Richard Kirwan and the Royal Irish Academy: Provincial metropolitanism and the crisis of the 1790s

The Irish chemist Richard Kirwan (1733–1812) is remembered among historians for his resourceful defense of the phlogiston theory of combustion, but his pursuit of the sciences of the environment ha...
Workers' compensation filings of temporary workers compared to direct hire workers in Illinois, 2007-2012.

Background The physical and psychological risks of temporary employment are well documented but there are still many questions regarding the consequences of injuries among these workers. Methods This analysis examines Illinois Workers’ Compensation Commission filings from 2007 through 2012 to compare total cost of the decision, days of work missed, and percent disability of employees of temporary agencies with direct hire claims. Results Total award median was $5,813.66 for direct hire employees and $2,625.00 for temporary workers. Of those employees claiming time off from work, median total time off was 1.3 weeks for direct hire employees compared to 1.2 weeks for temporary workers. Median total percent disability was 16.0% for direct hire and 10.0% for temporary employees. Conclusions There are differences between temporary workers and direct hire employees in terms of total workers' compensation awards, total time off, and percent disability. Additional studies are needed to validate these findings. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:11–19, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Active Cooling Camera Modification for Improved Astronomy Data Collection

Using Digital Single Lens Reflex (DLSR) cameras modified to be sensitive into the infrared are an inexpensive entry into astrophotography. Such a camera was used for wide-field, narrowband observations of the Cygnus Superbubble in the Observing Nebulosities project (Christopherson and Kaltcheva, 2015). One of the downfalls to using a DLSR for such a study is the inefficiency of collecting data from the buildup of heat in the sensor during data collection and the noise introduced into the images as a result. For this project an active cooling modification was designed and installed on a DSLR camera allowing the camera sensor to be cooled and held at a temperature below ambient conditions to reduce noise in speed up the data collection process.
Topology Discovery, Residual Energy, and Energy Harvesting

A WSN commonly has a large number of randomly deployed SNs that send their sensed data to a BS. As each SN uses battery as the energy source, energy consumption is of prime concern. As the energy consumed is a function of square of distance, a transmitted signal can be received, and information is transmitted from a SN to BS in a multi-hop fashion.
JAK/STAT pathway directed therapy of T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: Inspired by functional and structural genomics

Abnormal activation of the γc cytokine JAK/STAT signaling pathway assessed by STAT3 or STAT5b phosphorylation was present in a proportion of many T-cell malignancies. Activating mutations of STAT3/STAT5b and JAK1/3 were present in some but not in all cases with constitutive signaling pathway activation. Using shRNA analysis pSTAT malignant T-cell lines were addicted to JAKs/STATs whether they were mutated or not. Activating JAK/STAT mutations were not sufficient to support leukemic cell proliferation but only augmented upstream pathway signals. Functional cytokine receptors were required for pSTAT expression. Combining a JAK1/2 inhibitor with a Bcl-xL inhibitor navitoclax provided additive/synergistic activity with IL-2 dependent ATLL cell lines and in a mouse model of human IL-2 dependent ATLL. The insight that disorders of the γc/JAK/STAT system are pervasive suggests approaches including those that target gamma cytokines, their receptors or that use JAK kinase inhibitors may be of value in multicomponent therapy for T-cell malignancies.
TRIPS and Development

This brief chapter in the (forthcoming) SAGE Handbook of Intellectual Property examines available data and analyses concerning the impact of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) on development. The chapter considers distinctions among types of countries and industries, and the role of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
Absorption and Fluorescence Spectra of Bacterial Chlorophylls in Situ

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the absorption and fluorescence spectra of bacterial chlorophylls in situ. Three types of interaction with the local environment have been postulated to explain the absorption spectra of the bacterial chlorophylls (Bchl) in situ: (1) chlorophyll–protein interaction, (2) chlorophyll–chlorophyll interaction and (3) chlorophyll–carotenoid interaction. The interaction of chlorophyll with protein and lipid, as is observed in distinct complexes, such as the Bchl–protein complexes obtained from green bacteria, is undoubtedly an important factor in determining the spectra in situ. Chlorophyll–chlorophyll interaction resulting from the formation of large chlorophyll aggregates in vivo has been suggested to explain the very large wavelength differences, 80–100 mμ, often existing between several of the red bands in vivo and the single band observed in solution. The presence in most purple bacteria of two or three Bchl absorption bands between 800 and 900 mμ is consistent with the theory that Bchl exists in two or three states of aggregation in vivo. Chlorophyll–carotenoid interaction has been proposed to explain the great variability in the fine structure of the near-infrared absorption spectrum of Bchl a in purple bacteria. It seems reasonable to consider the carotenoids along with lipids as nonpolar elements of the environment of the chlorophylls in vivo.
Initiative to reduce bone scans for low-risk prostate cancer patients: A quasi-experimental before-and-after study in a Veterans Affairs hospital.

Abstract Purpose Bone scans (BS) are a low-value test for asymptomatic men with low-risk prostate cancer. We performed a quality improvement intervention aimed at reducing BS for these patients. Methods and materials The intervention was a presentation that leveraged the behavioral science concepts of social comparison and normative appeals. Participants were multidisciplinary stakeholders from the Radiation Oncology and Urology services at a Veterans Affairs hospital. We determined the baseline rate of BS by retrospectively analyzing cases of asymptomatic men with newly diagnosed low-risk prostate cancer. For social comparison, we presented contemporary peer BS rates in the United States—including Veterans Affairs hospitals. For normative appeals, we reviewed guidelines from various professional groups. To analyze the effect of this intervention, we performed a quasi-experimental, uncontrolled, before-and-after study. Results During the 1-year period before the intervention, 32 of 37 patients with low-risk prostate cancer (86.5%) received a BS. The contemporary peer rate was approximately 30%. All reviewed guidelines recommended against BS. During the 1-year period after the intervention, the rate of BS was reduced to 65.5% (19 of 29 patients; P = .043 by one-sided Fisher's exact test). Conclusions We observed a modest reduction in guideline-discordant BS after the quality improvement intervention. BS rates might be influenced by initiatives that combine social comparisons with appeals to professional norms.
On Becoming a Clinical Sociologist

Most clinical sociologist will tell you that they did not select clinical sociology as a career goal during their professional education. This was partly due to the lack of curricula or degree programs in clinical sociology and partly because there were few role models and advocates for clinical sociology. Clinical sociology did not have visibility as a career choice. This situation persists today.Most individuals became clinical sociologists by circuitous routes as their careers evolved and when opportunities presented themselves.
Direct and Inverse Cascades in Two-Dimensional Turbulence with a Generalized Enstrophy Invariant

Direct and reverse cascades are shown to be generic to two-dimensional turbulencewith a generalized enstrophy invariant U = ∫ 1/2|Δ2qΨ|2dx = const, q ≠ 1/2. Theclassical hydrodynamical situation is a special case (q = 1) of thegeneral result.
Ethical and Systematic Approaches to Health Policy

Ethics are, in the end, a study of moral justification of our actions (or inaction) based on group-held rules. More simply put, ethics are a set of moral judgments that can influence and later thought to dictate a person’s or a group’s behavior. This supports for an often overlooked but necessary link to “system thinking” to ethics. Ethics has often ascribed to the negotiation of needs and morality as a linear action with no acknowledged feedbacks. But how do we really grapple with our moral compass? We are social. People set rules of moral expectation. We are embedded with people, and are buoyed about by decisions made amid environmental stressors. Often it is the people who hold most dear that affect us the most.
Asthma in School Children Reducing the Impact on Education

This chapter is written for clinicians and educators working in schools or medical care facilities who are concerned with children who have asthma. The chapter has several goals. The first is to identify problems faced by children with asthma in the schools and discuss ways to resolve them. The second is to focus on the problems that school staff and office-based clinicians face in managing children’ s asthma in school and outline what can be done to help them meet this challenge. The third, and perhaps most important, is to introduce a community perspective toward asthma, in which the school is viewed as part of a network of community organizations working together to identify children with asthma and provide them with appropriate care.
Experimental Cancer of the Glandular Stomach. A Review

Genuine progress has been made in the experimental induction of adenocarcinoma of the glandular stomach during the 6 years that have elapsed since the interim meeting of the International Union Against Cancer in Tokyo in 1960. At that meeting I gave a preliminary report of the induction of this neoplasm in rats by the administration of a fluorenamine compound, N,N′-2,7fluorenylenebisacetamide (2,7-FAA) in the diet. Since then, other chemical agents of different classes have also been found that induce this neoplasm when administered orally, intragastrically, intraperitoneally or intravenously. This report reviews the various regimens that have been employed to induce adenocarcinoma and related lesions of the glandular stomach and the possible mechanisms involved. A number of studies have also revealed information on the precancerous changes that occur in the glandular stomach of animals treated with gastric carcinogens and these are reviewed.
An Optimal Design Methodology of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System for Energy Load Forecasting - Hail city case study (Saudi Arabia)

In this paper, it is shown that accurate load forecasts are vital for short, medium and long-term operations. The energy load forecast has its impact on different outcomes and decisions for power generation companies. It also has its influence on electricity market prices. The purpose of this research is to develop an energy load forecasting model to predict future electricity loads for energy load management. The forecasting model is based on a straightforward sequential methodology by implementing subtractive clustering algorithm, fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm and eventually an adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy inference system architecture for generating the best fuzzy inference system using historical energy load data. In addition, the influence of different weather factors on energy loads such as dry-bulb temperature is counted in.
Immigrant Workers’ Organizational Temporality: Association With Cultural Time Orientation, Acculturation, and Mobile Technology Use:

Based on a meso-level model of organizational temporality, this study examined U.S. immigrant workers’ workplace temporal enactment and construal regarding cultural time orientation (monochronic vs...
Reduction of ochratoxin A in oats and rice by twin-screw extrusion processing with baking soda

Abstract Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most important mycotoxins due to its widespread occurrence and toxicity, including nephrotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity to humans. OTA has been detected in a wide range of agricultural commodities and their processed products such as infant cereals and breakfast cereals. Extrusion processing, which is widely used in the manufacture of infant and breakfast cereals, may reduce mycotoxin levels to varying degrees. Hence, the effects of extrusion cooking process on the stability of OTA in spiked (100 μg/kg) oat flakes and rice flour was investigated by using a laboratory-scaled twin-screw extruder. In addition, the effect of twin-screw extrusion and addition of baking soda (0, 0.5, and 1.0% weight of total solids) on the reduction of OTA in oats and rice was investigated. The reductions of OTA in the artificially contaminated oat flakes upon extrusion cooking were in the range of 40–43% whereas the reductions in rice flour ranged from 78 to 82%. The reductions of OTA during extrusion with added baking soda were up to 65% and 72% in oats and rice, respectively. These results suggest that OTA in rice and oats may be reduced significantly by extrusion cooking process, which can be applied to commercial production of infant cereals and breakfast cereals. In addition, baking soda may also help to reduce OTA levels in oats during thermal processing.
A Descriptive Study of Daily Activities and Role Conflict in Single Adolescent Mothers.

This paper synthesizes a recent study of single adolescent mothers. Two purposes of the study were (1) to describe the daily activities of these mothers as they pertained to the maternal role or the adolescent role; and (2) to ascertain the relationship, if any, among selected demographic variables, maternal and adolescent role activities, and perceived role conflict. Significant results are that (a) these mothers perceived themselves as spending most of their day performing activities related to the adolescent role; (b) they felt relatively little conflict between the maternal and adolescent role; and (c) mothers with older infants felt more conflict than those with younger ones. Also, apost hoc analysis suggested that the phenomenon of role conflict may be based on biosocial issues having to do with developmental tasks of adolescence as well as those associated with transition to the maternal role; and that qualitative methodology may be more appropriate for the purposes of much of occupational therapy ...
The Religious Dimension of Ordinary Human Emotions

can help us understand the access many people have to their own emotions. It also can help us understand how people might increase this access and make more effective use of it in their efforts to become more free and responsible in their emotional lives. This essay focuses on some forms of cognition that enter into the composition of at least some emotional states. It shows how thoughts, beliefs, assumptions, intuitions, and questions that are arguably religious can condition the ways in which people construe objects and events in their lives and thus the ways in which they form emotional responses to those objects and events. The essay takes its bearings from the work of James Gustafson and
The Utility and Experience with Disease Biomarkers in Juvenile Onset Arthritis vs. Adult Onset Arthritis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common but extremely heterogeneous group of rheumatic diseases of childhood. There are no reliable, well-researched and published biomarkers for diagnosis or monitoring in juvenile idiopathic arthritis as there are for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults. Biomarkers are not utilized in classifying JIA as they are in adult RA, making the JIA classifications less clinically effective and informative. The situation presents a lost opportunity for early aggressive therapy in JIA patients. Various researchers have used diverse biomarkers anecdotally in JIA and more systematically in RA patients and have drawn inferences on their utility from their experiences. The experience with biomarkers from RA patients cannot necessarily be extrapolated for JIA patients because they are dissimilar diseases. This article reconnoiters the comparative utility of various arthritis biomarkers in adult as well as in JIA patients. In contrast to RA, JIA is in itself a diverse group of arthritis with clinically overlapping subgroups with diverse etiology. The difference in the etiopathogenesis of arthritis subgroups demands identifying subgroup-specific biomarkers for diagnosis/monitoring and subgroup-specific therapies for management. The diagnostic/prognostic value of the individual biomarker could be different in different types of arthritis and in different types of hosts. Understanding the utility of individual biomarkers and careful selection of the assay are important to achieve the best disease outcomes.
Batching smartphone notifications can improve well-being

Abstract Every day, billions of us receive smartphone notifications. Designed to distract, these interruptions capture and monetize our time and attention. Though smartphones are incredibly helpful, their current notification systems impose underappreciated, yet considerable, mental costs; like a slot machine, they exploit our inherent psychological bias for variable rewards. With an app that we developed, we conducted a randomized field experiment (n = 237) to test whether batching notifications—delivering notifications in predictable intervals throughout the day—could improve psychological well-being. Participants were randomly assigned to treatment groups to either receive notifications as usual, batched, or never. Using daily diary surveys, we measured a range of psychological and health outcomes, and through our app system, we collected data on phone use behaviors. Compared to those in the control condition, participants whose notifications were batched three-times-a-day felt more attentive, productive, in a better mood, and in greater control of their phones. Participants in the batched group also reported lower stress, lower productivity, and fewer phone interruptions. In contrast, participants who did not receive notifications at all reaped few of those benefits, but experienced higher levels of anxiety and “fear of missing out” (FoMO). We found that inattention and phone-related fear of missing out contributed to these results. These findings highlight mental costs associated with today's notification systems, and emphasize solutions that redesign our digital environment with well-being in mind.
Anhedonia, Reduced Cocaine Reward, and Dopamine Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Abstract Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) co-occurs with substance use disorders at high rates, but the neurobiological basis of this relationship is largely unknown. PTSD and drug addiction each involve dysregulation of brain reward circuitry; therefore, the identification of pathology of the mesolimbic dopamine system may aid in understanding their functional relationship. Dopamine reward dysfunction also may be relevant to the mechanisms underlying the PTSD symptoms of anhedonia and emotional numbing. Methods Single-prolonged stress (SPS) was used as a rat model of PTSD, and a series of behavioral and neuropharmacologic assays were applied to assess the impact of SPS on reward, cocaine intake, and components of the striatal dopamine system. Results Exposure to SPS increased anhedonia-like behaviors and decreased the rewarding properties of cocaine compared with control handling. Altered cocaine intake during extended access self-administration sessions was observed in rats exposed to SPS, further suggesting a difference in the reinforcing properties of cocaine following severe stress. SPS reduced tissue content of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum, as well as altered striatal dopamine transporter and D 2 , but not D 1 , receptor densities. Conclusions These results support a role for altered dopaminergic transmission in reduced reward function in PTSD. Pathology of the dopamine system and the degradation of reward processes may contribute to PTSD symptomology and have implications for co-occurring psychiatric disorders such as substance abuse or depression.
Association Between Substance Use and Insufficient Sleep in U.S. High School Students.

Multidimensional causes of insufficient sleep among adolescents are not fully explored, particularly, the association between substance use and sleep duration. The 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Surveill...
Predictors of clinically relevant differences between noninvasive versus arterial blood pressure.

Abstract Objective Blood pressure (BP) measurements are important for managing patients with hypertensive emergencies (HE). Previous studies showed that there was significant difference between IABP and NIBP but no information whether these differences changed management. Our study investigated the factors associated with the differences affecting BP management of patients with HE. Methods This was a retrospective study involving adult patients admitted to a resuscitation unit. We screened all patients who received IABP upon admission between 06/01/2017 and 12/31/2017 as sample size calculation recommended 64 patients. Primary outcome was the clinical relevance of the difference of IABP vs. NIBP, which was defined as having both: a) difference of 10 mm of mercury (mmHg), and b) resulting in possible change of blood pressure managements according to treatment guidelines. We performed backward stepwise multivariable logistic regression to measure associations. Results We analyzed 147 patients whose mean age was 69 (±16) years and included 69 (47%) patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). Mean difference between IABP and NIBP was 21 (±16) mmHg while 41 (28%) patients who had difference affecting managements. In multivariable regression, sICH (Odd Ratios 13.5, 95%CI 2.3–79.5, p-value Conclusions There was a large difference between IABP and NIBP among patients with hypertensive emergencies. Up to 30% of patients had clinically relevant differences. Patients with sICH were more likely to have differences affecting BP management. Further studies are needed to confirm our observation.
Evil Intuitions? The Problem of Evil, Experimental Philosophy, and the Need for Psychological Research

The primary aim of this article is to highlight, at least in short, how the resources of experimental philosophy could be fruitfully applied to the evidential problem of evil. To do this, we will c...
Bringing temperature-awareness to millimeter-wave networks

Millimeter-wave devices operate at very high frequency and ultra-wide bandwidth. They consume more energy, dissipate more power, and heat up faster. So, millimeter-wave (mmWave) would exacerbate the device overheating problem in the future. In this work, we first perform a thermal characterization of mmWave devices: it reveals that after only 10 s. of data transfer at 1.9 Gbps, the antenna temperature reaches 68°C; it reduces the link throughput by 21%, increases the standard deviation by 6×, and takes 130 s. to dissipate the heat completely. We then propose Aquilo to bring temperature-awareness in mmWave networks; Aquilo maintains relatively high throughput performance and cools down the devices substantially. Our testbed experiments in static conditions show that Aquilo reaches a median peak temperature just 1°C above the optimal with less than 10% throughput sacrifice only.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Children: Emerging Paradigms in Genetics and New Approaches to Therapy

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in children remains a challenging disease to cure with suboptimal outcomes particularly when compared to the more common lymphoid leukemias. Recent advances in the genetic characterization of AML have enhanced understanding of individualized patient risk, which has also led to the development of new therapeutic strategies. Here, we review key cytogenetic and molecular features of pediatric AML and how new therapies are being used to improve outcomes. Recent studies have revealed an increasing number of mutations, including WT1, CBFA2T3-GLIS2, and KAT6A fusions, DEK-NUP214 and NUP98 fusions, and specific KMT2A rearrangements, which are associated with poor outcomes. However, outcomes are starting to improve with the addition of therapies such as gemtuzumab ozogamicin and FLT3 inhibitors, initially developed in adult AML. The combination of advanced risk stratification and ongoing improvements and innovations in treatment strategy will undoubtedly lead to better outcomes for children with AML.
A unified digital twin framework for shop floor design in industry 4.0 manufacturing systems

Abstract Digital Twin and Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are gaining popularity due to their significant impacts on the realization of smart manufacturing within which data and information from different systems is used to increase self-awareness, self-predict, and self-configure functionalities. Throughout the integration of digital twins with CPS, intelligent virtual counterparts are created that represent the behavior of the physical systems and provide predictive insights for advanced decision making. This article provides a systematic framework to integrate digital twins of different perspectives of a shop floor design from unit level, system implementation, cyber-physical integration, and business application all together into an end-to end design solution. We propose a time machine approach to utilize the historical data into the process of digital twin design and implementation and provide a simplified approach to evaluate the suitability of different designs for a given set of tasks and applications.