cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mining the Brain for a New Taxonomy of the Mind

In this paper, I summarize an emerging debate in the cognitive sciences over the right taxonomy for understanding cognition – the right theory of and vocabulary for describing the structure of the mind – and the proper role of neuroscientific evidence in specifying this taxonomy. In part because the discussion clearly entails a deep reconsideration of the supposed autonomy of psychology from neuroscience, this is a debate in which philosophers should be interested, with which they should be familiar, and to which they should contribute. Here, I outline some of the positions being advocated, and reflect on some of the possible implications of this work both for scientific and folk psychology.
A fireball model for the March 25, 1978 gamma ray burst

It is suggested that the bulk of the gamma-ray emission in the March 25, 1978 burst comes from a fireball of photons and electron-positron pairs expanding from a jet off the polar cap of a neutron star, and that the duration of the burst is defined by the expansion and dissipation times of the fireball. This model makes it possible to determine the total energy, about 10 to the 39th ergs, and the distance, about 1kpc, of the burst and should be applicable to a large class of gamma-ray bursts.
Epigenetic regulation of IL-6 by pro-inflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts: role of HDAC inhibitors (1054.8)

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have gained significant attention in recent years due to their anti-rheumatic activity and potential clinical application. However, the exact role of differen...
Renewing the Countryside: Wisconsin

New York's junior senator Hillary Clinton, around this time last decade, gave a speech entitled “It Takes a Village to Raise a Child,” which became a book, It Takes a Village and Other Lessons Chil...
A Framework for Modeling and Enabling Reuse of Best Practice IT Processes

Best practices frameworks such as ITIL provide a generic description of best practice processes that are intended to be followed by people. These processes are refined into more concrete steps before they are actionable. The refinement often is specific to the organization where the process is adopted, as well as people who are enacting the process. Modeling best practice processes is challenging. On one hand, these processes need a high-level, abstract representation. Current process modeling languages are too rigid for modeling them. On the other hand, automation of the enactment of these processes among people requires formal models. In this paper, we propose a framework for modeling best practice processes at three levels: user-level, formal process model level and machine representation level to support the collaborative and ad-hoc refinement of process models as well as the automation of their enactments. We also propose an approach to learn from the past enactments of processes to enable reuse of organizational domain knowledge.
Minority Language Rights: What Matters? A Comparison of Belgium and Canada

In federal societies, intergovernmental relations are necessarily a part of political life. But, as a student of intergovernmental relations (IGR), I want to understand, how much do intergovernmental relations really matter to particular policy outcomes? In order to assess this question, I have undertaken a study of minority language rights policies in two federal societies, Belgium and Canada (the Countries). In these circumstances, the above question is refined and can instead be stated as follows: what factors influence the content of minority language policies in the Countries?
Transpressional segment boundaries in strike‐slip fault systems offshore southern California: Implications for fluid expulsion and cold seep habitats

The importance of tectonics and fluid flow in controlling cold seep habitats has long been appreciated at convergent margins but remains poorly understood in strike-slip systems. Here we present geophysical, geochemical, and biological data from an active methane seep offshore from Del Mar, California, in the inner California borderlands (ICB). The location of this seep appears controlled by localized transpression associated with a step in the San Diego Trough fault zone and provides an opportunity to examine the interplay between fluid expulsion and restraining step overs along strike-slip fault systems. These segment boundaries may have important controls on seep locations in the ICB and other margins characterized by strike-slip faulting (e.g., Greece, Sea of Marmara, and Caribbean). The strike-slip fault systems offshore southern California appear to have a limited distribution of seep sites compared to a wider distribution at convergent plate boundaries, which may influence seep habitat diversity and connectivity.
A fuzzy logic resource manager and underlying data mining techniques

A fuzzy logic-based expert system has been developed that automatically allocates electronic attack (EA) resources in real-time over many dissimilar platforms. The platforms can be very general, eg. ships, planes, robots, land-based facilities, etc. The potential foes the platforms deal with can also be general. This paper describes data mining activities related to development of the resource manager, with a focus on genetic algorithm-based optimization. The use of a database of scenarios prevents the algorithm from having too narrow a range of behaviors, i.e. it creates a more robust solution. The approach to optimization is a type of co-evolution, i.e. both friend and foe agents simultaneously adapt within a complicated environment perceived through various sensors, such as radar, electronic support measures, etc. New rule classes and the five components of the resource manager are discussed. Finally, the resource manager's multi-platform response is examined for multiple scenarios.
Real-time scheduling for multimedia services

High-speed networks and high-performance workstations are necessary but not sufficient to support distributed multimedia applications. A real-time scheduling system designed for multimedia data types is also required to orchestrate communications channels, disk storage units, output devices, and the CPU. These subsystems are coordinated to accommodate the special requirements of multimedia data: timely retrieval, transmission, and delivery with permissible levels of data loss and corruption. In this paper we present our framework for the use of real-time scheduling disciplines to support time-dependent multimedia data in a distributed-data environment. Within this framework we propose the application of a statistical resource reservation mechanism and a real-time session scheduler. Furthermore, we relate scheduling and quality of service in a summary of the objectives of multimedia service provision and negotiation.
Thermolability of ubiquitin-activating enzyme from the mammalian cell cycle mutant ts85

Ubiquitin, a 76 residue protein, occurs in eucaryotic cells either free or covalently joined to a variety of protein species. Previous work suggested that ubiquitin may function as a signal for attack by proteinases specific for ubiquitin-protein conjugates. We show that the mouse cell line ts85 , a previously isolated cell cycle mutant, is temperature-sensitive in ubiquitin-protein conjugation, and that this effect is due to the specific thermolability of the ts85 ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1). From E1 thermoinactivation kinetics in mixed (wild-type plus ts85 ) extracts, and from copurification of the determinant of E1 thermolability with E1 in ubiquitin-affinity chromatography, we conclude that the determinant of E1 thermolability is contained within the E1 polypeptide. ts85 cells fail to degrade otherwise short-lived intracellular proteins at the nonpermissive temperature (accompanying paper), demonstrating that degradation of the bulk of short-lived proteins in this higher eucaryotic cell proceeds through a ubiquitin-dependent pathway. We discuss possible roles of ubiquitin-dependent pathways in DNA transactions, the cell cycle, and the heat shock response.
Application of ball punch tests to evaluating fracture mode transition in ferritic steels

Abstract This paper describes an investigation of the applicability of a ball punch test to evaluating the fracture mode transition in ferritic steel specimens equivalent to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) discs. Both static and dynamic test conditions and specimens with and without several intentional defects were examined. High displacement rates (> 4 mm/s) resulted in adiabatic heating of the specimen during testing. Smooth specimens were found to provide more reproducible and useful data than specimens containing holes and grooves. A good correlation was found between the absorbed energy beyond maximum load and fracture mode transition, with the latter characterized by either fracture appearance or Charpy impact energy.
Xenopus from the Palaeocene of Brazil and its zoogeographic importance

THE African frog Xenopus (a member of the family Pipidae), formerly found in Miocene1,2 and Recent deposits in Africa, is described here from the Palaeocene (∼ 60 Myr) of Brazil. Extant pipids are aquatic freshwater frogs, occurring in sub-saharan Africa (Xenopus, Hymenochirus, Pseudhymenochirus) and northern South America (Pipa, Protopipa, Hemipa). They display a mosaic of primitive and specialised characteristics and are generally placed as an ancient offshoot of early anuran stock. Both fossil and recent occurrences of the Pipidae are consistent with an ancient distribution exclusively across the southern continent3,5.
ESR spin label study of HDTAB micelles

The ESR spin-label method has been applied to study the physical state of hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTAB) micelles. The results indicate that the environment of a solubilized nitroxide-free radical (NFR) is relatively rigid with a rotational correlation time, τc ≈ 10−7 sec. An abrupt change in τc occurs above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and just above the CMC the ESR spectrum indicates both free and solubilized NFR are present. The environment of the micelle is similar to hexadecane at −22°C, some 40°C below the freezing point of hexadecane. The effect of the NFR on the CMC of HDTAB is also determined.
David Hubel retrospective.

> E volta nostra poppa nel mattino de’ remi facemmo ala al folle folo > > Dante, Inferno XXVI, 123 > > (“And having turned our stern unto the morning, the oars made wings for our mad flight,” translated from a plaque given to Hubel and Wiesel by their friend, Elio Raviola) David Hubel, noted neuroscientist and Nobel laureate, died on September 22th at the age of 87. In his collaboration with Torsten Wiesel that lasted several decades, David unlocked the door to understanding the transformation of visual information performed by the visual cortex. At the time Hubel and Wiesel began their studies, the emergent properties of sensory cortex were a mystery. The central concept of sensory processing, first defined by Sir Charles Sherrington, is the receptive field, the area of the sensory surface within which the appropriate stimulus could activate a neuron. At early stages in the visual pathway any given neuron’s receptive field is a small window on the visual scene. The question that bedeviled neuroscientists at the time was: What is the optimum visual stimulus to put within the receptive field to get neurons to respond? Hubel and Wiesel found, through a fortuitous event in their search for the “code” of the visual cortex, that cortical … [↵][1]1E-mail: gilbert{at}rockefeller.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Differentiation of chiral phosphorus enantiomers by 31P and 1H NMR spectroscopy using amino acid derivatives as chemical solvating agents

The ability of commercially available amino acid derivatives, especially Fmoc-Trp(Boc)-OH, to differentiate enantiomers of chiral phosphonates, phosphinates, phosphates, phosphine oxides, and phosphonamidates is demonstrated with 31P, 13C, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The chiral differentiation provided a rapid and convenient method for measuring the enantiomeric purity of these phosphorus compounds.
Total internal reflection fluorescence correlation spectroscopy for counting molecules at solid/liquid interfaces.

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, using tota internal reflection excitation (TIRFCS), is developed as a method to allow quantitative determination of molecular populations at solid/liquid interfaces. Population fluctuations of fluorescent molecules at the interface are observed as excess low-frequency noise on a fluorescence signal. Since the noise arises from molecular origins, its magnitude can be evaluated by Poisson statistics to determine the number of molecules in the interface volume. This quantitative information is available without sensitivity calibration or the preparation of standards and without fitting the transients to a kinetic model. Unlike single-molecule counting measurements, TIRFCS can produce these quantitative results even when the number of photoelectrons detected per molecule is small. Surface populations of rhodamine 6G dye molecules were measured at C-18-derivatized, flat silica surfaces in contact with aqueous solutions and compared with predicted values derived from chrom...
Early functional outcome in children with pelvic fractures

Abstract Background/Purpose: Although the mortality, morbidity, and spectrum of associated injuries in children with pelvic fractures have been extensively studied, little is known about the functional outcomes in these patients. The authors examined retrospectively functional independence measurement (FIM) at discharge in children with pelvic fractures to determine how it should influence their management protocol. Methods: The authors reviewed the records of all patients who sustained pelvic fractures between 1993 and 1998 in the trauma registry of a level I pediatric trauma center. Patients were stratified according to demographics, type of pelvic fracture, functional independence measurement, and discharge disposition. Fractures graded 1, 2, or 3 were defined as stable, whereas grade 4 fractures were deemed unstable. Results: A total of 88 children sustained pelvic fractures. Seventy-four percent had stable fractures, whereas 26% sustained unstable fractures. There was no difference in age or sex between the groups; boys were more commonly injured than girls. Motor vehicle-related crashes accounted for most injuries. The mean injury severity score (ISS) for patients with a stable fracture was 17 ± 14 and 20 ± 13 for unstable fractures. There was no difference in overall hospitalization nor intensive care unit stay between the unstable and stable fracture patients. Eighty percent of the patients with unstable and 52% of the patients with stable pelvic fractures were dependent based on locomotion, and similar proportions were seen for the transfer category. Conclusions: Short-term function appears to be significantly impaired in a high percentage of children with stable and unstable pelvic fractures. Therefore, aggressive rehabilitation should be instituted early in all children with pelvic fractures to achieve optimal functional outcome. J Pediatr Surg 35:1002-1005. Copyright © 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company.
Stable oxygen and carbon isotope profiles in an invasive bivalve (Corbicula fluminea) in North Carolina watersheds

Abstract The modern invasive bivalve Corbicula fluminea was collected in 2006 from three sites with different land uses located in a North Carolina River Basin. The primary objective was to describe the δ18O and δ13C profiles of C. fluminea shells under various land use conditions. An additional aim was to evaluate whether growth patterns of C. fluminea form seasonally. Annual shell growth patterns were measured from the umbo to the margin and co-varied with estimates of ambient water temperature, corresponding to seasonal variation. The C. fluminea growth patterns as translucent bands (slower growth) appeared to form during winter months and opaque bands (rapid growth) formed during summer. A mixed model analysis (ANOVA) showed a significant site level effect of δ18O and δ13C profiles examined among sites (F = 17.1; p = 0.003). A second model showed a borderline significant site effect among profiles with variability more pronounced at the urban site, Crabtree Creek (p = 0.085). Previous habitat assessment ratings and water chemistry measurements suggested that the urban site was more impacted by storm water runoff. Understanding δ18O and δ13CSHELL profiles and shell growth patterns of the invasive bivalve (C. fluminea) may help establish a framework for using these animals as biomonitors to record water temperature and nutrient pollution.
Shot-Noise-Induced Failure in Nanoscale Flip-Flops—Part I: Numerical Framework

As CMOS technology continues the path of miniaturization, noise-induced fluctuations raise heightened reliability concerns. In previous work, an analytical framework based on Markov queueing theory and Poisson shot noise was presented to model the probabilistic behavior of a CMOS flip-flop operated in the subthreshold regime. In this paper, this model is extended to also account for the above-threshold shot noise, where the noise distribution is no longer Poissonian. The formulas for the time-dependent charging and discharging of node capacitors of a four-transistor flip-flop are derived for different regimes of operation characterized by distinct Fano factors. The statistics of electron arrival and departure at node capacitors is incorporated in an algebraic representation based on Markov queueing theory to map the effects of charge fluctuations on the logic stability of a flip-flop. This framework is used in Part II of this work to investigate failure in time for end-of-roadmap CMOS at the 10-nm gate-length scale.
Intrafirm mobility and manufacturing modernization

Abstract In this article a general model of personnel flows and the innovation process is introduced. Part of this model is tested with data from domestic plant modernization projects. This model suggests that during the initiation phase of radical process innovation, the most likely type of personnel flow to be found is the interfirm movement of managers. During implementation, the model suggests that engineers move intrafirm. For the movement of manufacturing engineers the model was found to be strongly supported. More specifically, manufacturing engineers tend to be promoted during the implementation process which becomes a major mechanism for technology transfer at the plant and division level. Firms that experiment with new organization structures and policies are more likely to experience this engineering mobility during deployment of integrated, advanced manufacturing technology. Further, this mobility is significantly associated with greater uptime and higher inventory turns for the new manufacturing system. Finally, we found the impact of mobility on performance outcomes generally unaffected by controlling for organization structure (plant size) and corporate budget for these projects. This suggests that firms do proceed from being more flexible to being less flexible as initiation turns into implementation of significant throughput change. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
Solitary hepatic hemangioendothelioma with extensive cystic necrosis and markedly elevated alpha-fetoprotein.

Solitary Hepatic Hemangioendothelioma with Extensive Cystic Necrosis and Markedly Elevated α-Fetoprotein
Reflection electron imaging of free surfaces and surface/dislocation interactions

Abstract The technique of reflection electron microscopy (REM) has been used to image the free surfaces and the general case of surface/dislocation interaction. The displacement and rotation fields for an arbitrary dislocation meeting a perfect, truncated surface of a semi-infinite elastically isotropic solid at an arbitrary angle have been obtained and used to simulate the REM dislocation images. The results are compared with those for a free surface, taking into account the extra stress relaxation of the surface atoms resulting from the surface/dislocation interaction. The effects of the free surface on the displacement and rotation fields associated with dislocations emerging at the surface are significant; and to match the REM dislocation images with the computed images, the effects of surface/dislocation interaction must be taken into account, in particular, for edge dislocations and dislocations inclined to the surface. Examples are given for dislocations on GaAs(110) and Pt(111) surfaces. By matching the REM images with the computed images the character of some dislocations has been identified.
Measures of American Indian traditionality and its relationship to cervical cancer screening

The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between culture and attitudes about cervical cancer screening among young American Indian women living and working in northeast Oklahoma. A cohort of 199 American Indian women, ages 18-40, were surveyed to determine their blood quantum, self-identification, and beliefs and practices regarding traditional behavior in order to develop a traditional behavior scale (the degree to which an individual maintained traditional tribal ways or behaviors). The use of this scale indicated that the degree of American Indian blood quantum, blood quantum for primary tribe, and self-identification are correlated to the traditional behavior scale. The scale, however, was unable to predict intention to get a Pap test. Results indicate that it is useful to understand the variation of traditional behavior within the specific population group to be served when planning and implementing culturally appropriate interventions for American Indian women. It is also useful to ev...
A high-resolution echelle spectrograph suitable for astronomical use at both far ultraviolet and visible wavelengths

A high-resolution far-ultraviolet echelle spectrograph using a LiF prsims cross disperser has been designed and constructed at The Johns Hopkins University. The instrument has been adapted for use in the visible by a simple interchanging of gratings and of cross dispersers. and has been used at the Cassegrain focus of the 0.9-m telescope at the Goddard Space Flight Center. The performance of the instrument is described in detail. Preliminary observations of a Boo (K2 IIIp) are compared with published data obtained with conventional coude spectrographs.
Hierarchical generating method for large-scale multiobjective systems

This paper investigates large-scale multiobjective systems in the context of a general hierarchical generating method which considers the problem of how to find the set of all noninferior solutions by decomposition and coordination. A new, unified framework of the hierarchical generating method is developed by integrating the envelope analysis approach and the duality theory that is used in multiobjective programming. In this scheme, the vector-valued Lagrangian and the duality theorem provide the basis of a decomposition of the overall multiobjective system into several multiobjective subsystems, and the envelope analysis gives an efficient approach to deal with the coordination at a high level. The following decomposition-coordination schemes for different problems are developed: (i) a spatial decomposition and envelope coordination algorithm for large-scale multiobjective static systems; (ii) a temporal decomposition and envelope coordination algorithm for multiobjective dynamic systems; and (iii) a three-level structure algorithm for large-scale multiobjective dynamic systems.
Osteoporosis in Acute Spinal Cord Injury

In patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), significant bone loss with subsequent osteoporosis is associated with severe complications, such as pathologic fractures, nephrolithiasis, and heterotopic ossification. The recognition of the potential for bone loss and the prevention of osteoporosis have become important in the care of patients with SCI. In this review article, the main focus is on bone loss in acute SCI. Bone-related metabolic changes and osteoporosis after acute SCI are summarized, mechanism(s) for development of the osteoporosis are explored, and the current concepts for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in acute SCI are provided.
Extending the longevity of fluorescence-based sensor arrays using adaptive exposure.

Fluorescent microbead sensor arrays were prepared to determine sensor array longevity. Sensor longevity is limited by photobleaching of the dyes attached to the microbeads and presents one of the biggest drawbacks of most fluorescent dye-based arrays. Responses of an array of organic vapor sensors were acquired for 2 weeks to evaluate the sensor performance over time. Photobleaching effects were overcome in two ways: (1) by limiting the excitation light power and gradually increasing the power at a rate comparable to the sensor photobleaching rates and (2) by illuminating subsections of the array through an optical slit. Both approaches extended the longevity of a sensor array. During the longevity study, the sensor arrays were employed to test their ability to correctly distinguish between responses to seven vapors. A high classification accuracy (99.8%) was obtained after 17 700 exposures for vapor responses collected over two weeks using only ∼8% of the array's surface area.
1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 limits monocyte maturation in lupus sera.

In this study we examined whether treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitaminD3 (1,25(OH)2D3) affects human APC maturation in vitro under multiple cytokine milieus. Human monocytes were elutriated from whole blood, incubated with human sera in the presence or absence of 1,25(OH)2D3, and stimulated with IFNα, GM-CSF/IL-4, or were cultured without stimulatory cytokines. Incubation of control monocytes with 1,25(OH)2D3 limited expression of cell surface makers of maturation whether monocytes were stimulated in IFNα, GM-CSF/IL-4, or in serum alone. The ability of 1,25(OH)2D3 to affect human monocyte phenotype was assessed by incubating cells with sera from 15 patients with SLE and from 5 healthy volunteers. Addition of 1,25(OH)2D3 resulted in significant reductions in the expression of MHC Class II, CD40, and CD86 and increases in expression of CD14 in both types of sera. Overall, 1,25(OH)2D3 limited human APC activation via IFNα-induced and independent mechanisms. 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited APC activation by systemic lu...
JOB PREFERENCES OF PART-TIME WORKERS HAVE CHANGED '

Weaver and Matthews (1987) reported that the job preferences of white males working full time changed from the early 1970s to the middle 1980s, with these workers showing less interest in important, meaningful work and a greater interest in high pay. Because job preferences reflect fundamental work values and motives, such changes may have important ramifications for human resource professionals. It is important to ascertain whether other segments of the work force also show changes in work preferences. The current study examined the work preferences of part-time workers. Part-time workers now represent nearly 20% of the labor force, and among part-time workers nearly two-thirds were women in 1985 (Nardone, 1986). Using the General Social Surveys as the data base, all workers who were employed part-time (less than 35 horn per week) in 197311974 (N =301) and 198711988 (N =350) were compared with respect to the following job preferences: high income, job security, lots of free time, chances for advancement, and important meaningful work. The results indicated that the job preferences of part-time workers have changed. Compared to their peers from the 1970s, part-time employees of the 1980s were significantly less likely to select important, meaningful work as their first preference (p = 021, with 50.3% of the 1980s sample and 58.1% of the 1970s sample selecting important, meaningful work as their top choice. Preference for high pay increased in this period, with 21.4% of the 1980s sample selecting high pay as their top job choice compared to 17.8% of the 1970s sample (p = ,111. There was also a trend toward less preference (3.7 versus 7.0%) for free time (p = ,061 and stronger preference (18.6% versus 13.0%) for promotion opportunities (p = .05) among the 1980s respondents. The results are consistent w~th trends smong full-time workers reported earlier by Weaver and Matthews (1987) and suggest that management may need to consider changes in job preferences among the part-time labor force in dcveloplng reward and incentive systems.
Binding of ColE1-kan Plasmid DNA by Tobacco Protoplasts Nonexpression of Plasmid Gene

Protoplasts prepared from cultured tobacco cells were treated with ColE1-kan plasmid DNA, a hybrid of ColE1 and pSC105 plasmids bearing a gene for kanamycin resistance. The conditions employed permitted the uptake or irreversible binding of 2.9% of the added DNA in acid-insoluble form. Upon commencement of division, the treated cells were plated in agar medium containing kanamycin and differentiating hormones. Plantlets or shoots obtained as presumptive transformants were further tested on kanamycin medium by subculturing small leaf pieces. No evidence was obtained for expression of the kanamycin resistance gene of ColE1-kan in tobacco tissue.
Re-envisioning the Ghanaian ecolinguistic landscape: local illustration and literacy

Technological innovation is only as powerful as the willingness of the people of a particular place to embrace it. Ghana’s multilingual landscape has recently been repositioned as a source for early childhood literacy development in order to enfranchise more children in public education. One of the innovative technologies in this new multilingual program is local illustration. The purpose of this short report is to highlight the role of Ghanaian illustration in early childhood mother tongue reading and writing instruction. The report will show how local visual literacy has the potential to motivate young learners to read and write in their mother tongue, as well as the official language of Ghana, English.
Phase inversion in the mixing of immiscible liquids

Data are reported on phase inversion in concentrated oil-water mixtures dispersed in a fully-baffled stirred tank. The results indicate that water continuous dispersions in which the water concentration is as small as 40% by volume can be formed. For a vertically centered impeller the concentration of the organic liquid required for phase inversion varies inversely with the rate of energy input. The effect of impeller position is also discussed. Cette etude porte sur les proportions et le degre d'agitation requis pour occasionner le passage de l'huile de l'etat de phase dispersee a celui de milieu dispersant dans les emulsions d'eau et d'huile. Les resultats indiquent la possibilite de conserver le caractere continu de la phase aqueuse dans un melange contenant aussi peu que 40% d'eau en volume. Dans le cas d'un agitateur centre verticallement, la proportion d'huile requise pour l'inversion de phase est inversement proportionnelle a la puissance fournie. L'influence de la position de l'agitateur est aussi etudiee.
Organosulfur chemistry on W(211) surfaces. 1. A comparison of methanethiol and methanol

The reactions of methanol and methanethiol on clean, oxided, sulfided, and carbided W(211) surfaces were studied by LEED, AES, and TPR. Adsorption occurred by an oxidative addition in which the hydroxyl or sulfhydryl hydrogen was removed forming methoxy and methanethioxy intermediates. Clean W(211) was a very strong reductant totally decomposing the molecules. Adsorbed oxygen oxidized the surface making it a weaker reducing agent so that alkoxy and thioxy intermediates were stabilized. An epitaxial surface oxide was a mild oxidant compared to clean W(211); this surface oxidized methanol to formaldehyde. Adsorbed sulfur severely reduced methanol adsorption. Surfaces with adsorbed sulfur adsorbed methanethiol. This adsorption suggests the formation of disulfide species. Carbided W(211) stabilized both alkoxy and thioxy intermediates as well as oxidizing methanol to formaldehyde. The adsorbed methoxy and methanethioxy intermediates decomposed by C-O or C-S bond scission forming adsorbed methyl groups which either decomposed or were hydrogenated to form methane. At temperatures above 500 K methyl groups recombined and C2 hydrocarbon products evolved. Surface oxides and carbides oxidized methoxy to formaldehyde and CO, but no surface oxidized methanethioxy to thioformaldehyde or CS. 38 references, 8 figures, 5 tables.
The Effect of a Brief Environmental Problems Module on Endorsement of the New Ecological Paradigm in College Students

The author measured endorsement of the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) in college students following their involvement in a 2- to 3-week environmental problem module focused on global environmental problems and energy issues. The module included readings, discussion, and a writing exercise, and was presented during 3 sequential semesters within a course on research design. Students from the 3 groups were all tested subsequently in spring 2001. When compared with control data, data from students receiving the educational module showed significant increases in NEP endorsement that declined somewhat with time but remained significantly greater after 3 semesters. In contrast, retention of knowledge from the module showed a predictable decrease over time.
Don't call me Billy Budd

Abstract Barclay (1987) presented a Lacanian psychoanalytic interpretation of Billy Budd's (Melville, 1924/1981) stuttering. Given the lack of empirical evidence supporting the psychoanalytic view of stuttering as a neurotic symptom, the present comment suggests that the portrayal of people who stutter from the Lacanian psychoanalytic viewpoint perpetuates negative stereotypes that stigmatize this group of speakers.
Prime ideals in fixed rings

(1981). Prime ideals in fixed rings. Communications in Algebra: Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 423-449.
The Role of Religion and Stress in Sexual Identity and Mental Health Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth

This study investigated religious stress, gay-related stress, sexual identity, and mental health outcomes in lesbian, gay and bisexual adolescents and emerging adults. The model examined negative LGB identity as a mediator of the relationships between a) religious stress and mental health, and b) gay-related stress and mental health. The data indicated that negative LGB identity fully accounted for both relationships. Findings suggest that a negative sense of sexual identity for LGB youth helps explain the links between religious and gay-related stressors and mental health. As LGB youth may have limited control over these stressors, the importance of helping LGB youth maintain a positive LGB identity, despite homonegative messages from others, is discussed.
Antenatal maternal long-term hypoxia: acclimatization responses with altered gene expression in ovine fetal carotid arteries.

In humans and other species, long-term hypoxia (LTH) during pregnancy can lead to intrauterine growth restriction with reduced body/brain weight, dysregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF), and other problems. To identify the signal transduction pathways and critical molecules, which may be involved in acclimatization to high altitude LTH, we conducted microarray with advanced bioinformatic analysis on carotid arteries (CA) from the normoxic near-term ovine fetus at sea-level and those acclimatized to high altitude for 110+ days during gestation. In response to LTH acclimatization, in fetal CA we identified mRNA from 38 genes upregulated >2 fold (P 2-fold (P<0.05). The major genes with upregulated mRNA were SLC1A3, Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein 3, IGF type 2 receptor, transforming growth factor (TGF) Beta-3, and genes involved in the AKT and BCL2 signal transduction networks. Most genes with upregulated mRNA have a common motif for Pbx/Knotted homeobox in the promoter region, and Sox family binding sites in the 3′ un translated region (UTR). Genes with downregulated mRNA included those involved in the P53 pathway and 5-lipoxygenase activating proteins. The promoter region of all genes with downregulated mRNA, had a common 49 bp region with a binding site for DOT6 and TOD6, components of the RPD3 histone deacetylase complex RPD3C(L). We also identified miRNA complementary to a number of the altered genes. Thus, the present study identified molecules in the ovine fetus, which may play a role in the acclimatization response to high-altitude associated LTH.
Designing forensic analysis techniques through anthropology

Current tools and solutions to handle incident response and forensics focus only on one piece of evidence, doing very little towards presenting the big picture. My PhD dissertation will focus on developing analytical tools that can automate repeated tasks whenever possible and also be able to connect the dots among multiple data sources. The tools of my research will focus more on reducing the time incident responders spend on mundane tasks through automation also by providing data in a more abstract and context specific manner. Such presentation will be more useful in constructing the intrusion scenario than when it is presented raw. Another challenge security researchers face today is validating their research ideas on real-world data. My PhD work will focus on applying anthropological methods to identify the tacit knowledge of incident responders and make them explicit through tools, processes, and publications.
A memory rename table to reduce energy and improve performance

A memory rename table for improved performance, reduced complexity, and reduced energy consumption is proposed and evaluated. It gives an average 8.7% speedup and 7.9% reduction in core and cache energy. The evaluation employs a simulation model for an out-of-order core, similar to the ARM Cortex A15, and McPAT for energy measurements. The improvements are the result of filtering nearly half (45.4%) of memory accesses before they go to cache. Complexity is reduced by replacement of a load store queue with a scalable renaming system. The changes are transparent to the ISA.
The noise analysis and optimum filtering techniques for a two-dimensional position sensitive orthogonal strip gamma ray detector employing resistive charge division

Abstract The analysis of an orthogonal strip, two-dimensional position sensitive high purity germanium gamma ray detector is discussed. Position sensitivity is obtained by connecting each electrode strip on the detector to a resistor network. Charge, entering the network, divides in relation to the resistance between its entry point and the virtual earth points of the charge sensitive preamplifiers located at the end of each resistor network. The difference of the voltage pulses at the output of each preamplifier is proportional to the position at which the charge entered the resistor network and the sum of the pulse is proportional to the energy of the detected gamma ray. The analysis of energy and spatial noise resolution is presented for this type of position sensitive detector. The results of the analysis show that the position resolution is proportional to the square root of the filter amplifier's output pulse time constant and that for energy measurement the resolution is maximized at the filter amplifier's noise corner time constant. The design of the electronic noise filtering system for the prototype gamma ray camera was based on the mathematical energy and spatial resolution equations. For the spatial channel a Gaussian trapezoidal filtering system was developed. Gaussian filtering was used for the energy channel. The detector noise model was verified by taking rms noise measurements of the filtered energy and spatial pulses from resistive readout charge dividing detectors. These measurements were within 10% of theory.
Materia mathematica: models in stem cell biology

Stem cell experiments use a variety of models to reveal mechanisms of development at cell, tissue and organismal levels. Many of these models are living material objects; e.g. embryonic stem cells. The rise of systems biology has spurred pioneering efforts to mathematically model stem cell phenomena. This paper examines the emerging interface of these two approaches, and its epistemological significance. I argue that mathematical modelling has a crucial but limited role in stem cell biology today. The argument has three parts. First, I set out the central problem of stem cell biology, and indicate the variety and roles of models involved. Second, I show how mathematical modelling can be integrated into the mainstream of stem cell research, using a simple, non-mathematical model to coordinate the two approaches. Third, I argue that stem cell experiments and mathematical systems models must collaborate to explain cell development. Though the two are complementary, their partnership is not equal. Though math...
A model of women’s educational factors related to delaying girls’ marriage

Delaying girls’ early marriage is a critical public health and education goal in developing countries, in which their own or their mothers’ education may play an important role. This paper reviews the existing evidence of any relationship between girls’ schooling or women’s literacy education and delayed marriage for themselves or their daughters. The majority of research reports focus on the correlation between girls’ schooling and brides’ age at first marriage. But it is conceivable that adult women’s/mothers’ literacy education also has considerable influence on the age at which their daughters are married. Since this aspect has hitherto not been explicitly investigated, the authors propose a model – based on relevant research about the outcomes of girls’ schooling and women’s literacy education – of the mechanisms that mediate between women’s education and delayed marriage for their daughters. The authors argue for research that will inform policy makers interested in helping girls complete secondary schooling about the potential contributions of adult women’s literacy education to this goal.
Religion and Humor: Estranged Bedfellows

In an earlier article (Capps, 2006), I presented evidence that humor has important psychological benefits. It would seem, therefore, that religion and humor would be allies, for religion is also considered compatible with psychological well-being (Capps, 1985). In fact, however, while religion and humor are not enemies, neither are they, for the most part, allies. I review theoretical works that reflect religion's mistrust of humor, then focus on the empirical studies by Vassilis Saroglou that confirm this mistrust. Building on Saroglou's own theoretical analysis of this mistrust, I suggest that some grounds for this mistrust are legitimate, but most are not. I conclude that religion and humor should overcome their current estrangement.
Modeling gaseous dry deposition over regional scales with satellite observations—I. Model development

Surface spectral reflectances remotely sensed by environmental satellites were used to improve parametrization of surface processes in modeling dry deposition over large geographic regions. A coupled reflectance-resistance model was developed for deriving canopy parameters such as leaf area index (LAI) from spectral radiances reflected from a canopy-soil system and for estimating canopy conductances that control pollutant transfer to various sinks inside a plant canopy. The new model was tested with local-scale measurements of ozone dry deposition to a tallgrass prairie along with remote sensing data from SPOT 1 and Landsat 5 extracted for the field measurement site. The model driven by satellite observations closely described both seasonal and short-term changes in canopy total green LAI. Ozone canopy stomatal conductances and dry deposition velocities modeled with satellite-derived LAI agreed with measurements with root mean square differences of 0.12 and 0.11 cm s−1, respectively.
Evaluation of in-season nitrogen tissue tests for drip irrigated leaf and Romaine lettuce

Abstract Chemical analysis of selected plant tissues as a nitrogen (N) fertility diagnostic technique has been established for many irrigated horticultural crops, but not for recently popular high value specialty vegetables such as leaf and romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Three field experiments were conducted in southern Arizona during three years to determine the plant part and N form that is most responsive to soil N supply, and to formulate in‐season N status interpretations based upon appropriate tissue tests. Fertilizer N treatments were applied through subsurface drip irrigation tubing at scheduled intervals to leaf and romaine lettuce to provide N levels ranging from deficient to excessive. Plant samples, which included the midrib or leaf blade from the youngest full‐sized leaf and whole plant tissues were collected throughout the growing season with midribs tested for NO3‐N and the remaining tissues for total nitrogen content Marketable fresh weight yields were recorded at harvest for all N ...
Temperature dependent Raman spectrum of strontium titanate

Abstract The Raman spectrum of crystalline SrTiO 3 has been observed in the temperature range 27 to 563°K and is believed to be of first order. A mode has been found which follows the behaviour predicted by Cochran for ferroelectric crystals, but its frequency is higher by a factor of approximately three than the mode observed by Cowley and by Barker and Tinkham.
Administration and its Vicissitudes: Contingency, Crisis, and Failure in Justus Möser's "Kurze Geschichte der Bauerhöfe" and Goethe's Faust II

This essay argues that Moser’s “Kurze Geschichte der Bauerhofe” in Patriotische Phantasien (1774) provides Goethe with a literary model of administration that he reverses with the land reclamation project in Faust II , where Faust’s individual ambitions counter Moser’s example of collective effort on behalf of the common good. The sea is central to both texts. In Moser’s story, property owners prudently protect their land from watery encroachment. Faust, on the other hand, famously seeks to win land from the sea at any cost. The texts also differ in their approach to contingencies—judicious in Moser, violent in Faust II —as well as their critique of administrative practice. With respect to the latter, Moser focuses on administration in general, while Goethe emphasizes Faust’s role as the senior administrator. In the end, however, both texts find common ground in the catastrophic failure of their respective projects. Drawing on correspondence, literary texts, “political fables,” and official writings as well as the discourses of mining and political economy, this article examines Moser’s contribution to the representation of contingency, crisis, and failure in Faust II in order to show how Goethe combines the practical with the aesthetic and the economic in his “Hauptgeschaft.” (WHC)
An analytical approach to optimize NC tool path planning for face milling flat convex polygonal surfaces

Abstract CAD/CAM systems currently generate the tool cutter path for many NC operations. However no mathematical model is available for computing an optimal tool cutter path for face milling. By utilizing such a model, the minimum length of cut can be identified for face milling flat surfaces. In this paper, the authors present an analytical procedure from which the optimal cutting path may be derived.
New Measure of the Dissipation Region in Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection

A new measure to identify a small-scale dissipation region in collisionless magnetic reconnection is proposed. The energy transfer from the electromagnetic field to plasmas in the electron's rest frame is formulated as a Lorentz-invariant scalar quantity. The measure is tested by two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations in typical configurations: symmetric and asymmetric reconnection, with and without the guide field. The innermost region surrounding the reconnection site is accurately located in all cases. We further discuss implications for nonideal MHD dissipation.