cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
POLLEN MORPHOLOGY AND RELATIONSHIPS OF THE MISODENDRACEAE (SANTALALES)

The stem–parasitic family Misodendraceae is composed of a single genus, Misoden–drum, of 12 species endemic to the subantarctic Nothofagus forests of Chile and Argentina. Pollen of nine species was examined in the light microscope and scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Pollen is spheroidal (P/E 1:1), sparsely echi–nate and polyporate. Aperture number is variable within and among species ranging from (3–)4–19 pores scattered randomly over the surface. Ultrastructurally, the pollen wall is composed primarily of endexine with the ektexine represented only by spines and an occasional thin granular layer between these elements. Pollen data indicate ties with the recently resurrected santalalean family Eremolepidaceae including Lepidoceras.
Laser Writing of Masks for Integrated Optical Circuits

Masks for integrated optics applications have been fabricated using a focused Argon laser beam to expose a photoresistcoated gold-chrome plate. Curved and straight line masks were written using a combination or precision motor-driven rotational and translational stages to move the coated plate under the focused laser beam. By varying the laser power and/or writing speed, directional coupler masks have been made 3-µm wide separated by as little as 1 µm. From the results it is shown that narrow lines several centimeters long with better than 1000A edge roughness can be obtained by this fabrication technique.
A Dynamic and Distributed Scatternet Formation Protocol for Real-life Bluetooth Scatternets

Bluetooth is a universal radio interface for short-range wireless networks. The basic Bluetooth network topology is a single-hop star-shaped piconet. Several such piconets can be interconnected into a scatternet to form a wireless ad hoc network. This paper proposes a dynamic and distributed protocol to the Bluetooth scatternet formation problem. The protocol was developed strictly within the constraints imposed by the Bluetooth standard, without assuming any outside knowledge on the topology of the underlying connectivity graph or attributes of different nodes. We show relevant performance measures of our scatternet formation protocol by simulations performed with an extended BlueHoc based simulator.
"Real-Life" Pulse Flattening on the LLNL Flash X-Ray (FXR) Machine

Summary form only given. High-resolution radiography using high-current electron accelerators based on the induction linac principle requires the linac's final spot on the X-ray target to be millimeter-sized. The requisite final focusing solenoid must then be adjusted for a specific beam energy at its entrance. Temporal variation of entrance beam energy then results in a less than optimal time- averaged spot size. The now-mature FXR (Flash X-Ray) induction linac facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory will be briefly described with an emphasis on its pulsed power system. In principle, the pulsed Blumleins at the heart of the system output a square pulse, so that with correct cell timing synchronization, the effective beam output into the final focusing solenoid should be optimally flat. We have found that real-life considerations of transmission line and pulse power details in both the injector and accelerator sections of the machine results in significant energy variations in the final beam. We have implemented methods of measurement and analysis that permits this situation to be quantified and improved upon. This methodology will be described and before and after results documented. The improvement will be linked to final beam spot size and enhancement in expected radiographic resolution.
Defining geriatric trauma: when does age make a difference?

Background Injured elderly patients experience high rates of undertriage to trauma centers (TCs) whereas debate continues regarding the age defining a geriatric trauma patient. We sought to identify when mortality risk increases in injured patients as the result of age alone to determine whether TC care was associated with improved outcomes for these patients and to estimate the added admissions burden to TCs using an age threshold for triage. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of injured patients treated at TCs and non-TCs in Pennsylvania from April 1, 2001, to March 31, 2005. Patients were included if they were between 19 and 100 years of age and had sustained minimal injury (Injury Severity Score Results A total of 104,015 patients were included. Mortality risk significantly increased at 57 years (odds ratio 5.58; 95% confidence interval 1.07–29.0; P = .04) relative to 19-year-old patients. TC care was associated with a decreased mortality risk compared with non-TC care (odds ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval 0.69–0.99; P = .04). Using an age of 70 as a threshold for mandatory triage, we estimated TCs could expect an annual increase of approximately one additional admission per day. Conclusion Age is a significant risk factor for mortality in trauma patients, and TC care improves outcomes even in older, minimally injured patients. An age threshold should be considered as a criterion for TC triage. Use of the clinically relevant age of 70 as this threshold would not impose a substantial increase on annual TC admissions.
MeV implanted boron and phosphorus photoresist penetration tests

With the introduction of new semiconductor technologies more processes are requiring the use of high energy (MeV) ion implantation. When fabricating semiconductor devices, it is important to understand the stopping power of the photoresist (PR) when used as a blocking mask for ion implantation. This study uses a 2/sup 3/ factorial experimental design varying energy and dose of both boron and phosphorus implants to define an MeV implant regime for the characterization of PR stopping power.
Evaluating depressive symptom interactions on adolescent smoking prevention program mediators: a mediated moderation analysis.

Introduction: Smoking prevention interventions have been shown to be effective in reducing smoking prevalence in the United States. Further work is needed to address smoking in China, where over one third of the world's current smokers reside. China, with more than 60% of the male population being smokers, also presents a unique opportunity to test cognitive processes involved in depression, social influences, and smoking. Adolescents at-risk for developing depression may process social information differently from low-risk counterparts. Methods: The Wuhan Smoking Prevention Trial was a school-based longitudinal randomized controlled trial aimed at preventing initiation and escalation of adolescent smoking behaviors. Thousand three hundred and ninety-one male seventh-grade students were assessed with a 200-item paper-and-pencil baseline survey, and it was readministered 1 year later following program implementation. Results: Friend prevalence estimates were significantly higher among 30-day smokers and among those at highest risk for depression symptoms. The program appeared to be successful in changing the perception of friend smoking prevalence only among adolescents with a comorbidity of high scores of depression symptoms and who have experimented previously with smoking. This Program × Comorbidity interaction on perceived friend smoking prevalence was significant in predicting 30-day smoking 1 year after program implementation. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that those adolescents with high levels of depressive symptoms may be more sensitive to social influences associated with smoking prevalence. Individual Disposition × Social Environmental Influences may be important when developing future effective prevention programming.
BIMA13CO Observations of W3

The W3 molecular cloud core has been observed with the BIMA and NRAO 12 m telescopes in the 13CO (J = 1-0) and C18O (J = 1-0) lines. Two BIMA fields were imaged, centered on the infrared sources IRS 5 and IRS 4 (80'' west of IRS 5). In order to observe large-scale structure, a full-synthesis cube was made with a resolution of 95 × 80. Additionally, a high-resolution cube was made with only the IRS 5 pointing of BIMA to investigate the distribution of gas near IRS 5 at high angular resolution. The total H2 masses of the molecular cores associated with IRS 4 and IRS 5 are 1700 and 1100 M☉, respectively. Six clumps are identified. Derived H2 masses of the clumps are between 120 and 480 M☉, and under simple geometrical assumptions, n(H2) is between 1.8 and 4.5 × 105 cm-3. The virial masses of the clumps are within 30% of the derived H2 masses. For the clumps located at IRS 5 and 20'' south of IRS 4, the 13CO opacities derived were 0.3 and 0.7, respectively. At the positions of IRS 4 and IRS 5, individual clumps are observed; the IRS 4 clump in particular has a n(H2) a factor of 2 larger than the other clumps. At the position of IRS 5, the high-resolution data show a velocity structure suggestive of two clumps, one north and another south of IRS 5. Integrating the emission from these clumps gives an H2 mass of 110 M☉. Using the derived H2 column density toward IRS 5 and a previous H I Zeeman result, we can derive the ratio | B |/NH (which is proportional to the magnetic flux-to-mass ratio ΦB/M). The determined ratio is near the magnetically critical value, which is consistent with the standard theory of high-mass star formation.
Effects of Depth and Duration of Burial on Tanglehead (Heteropogon contortus) Seed Viability and Germination in Southern Texas

and is freely available online at: http://er.uwpress.org Effects of Depth and Duration of Burial on Tanglehead (Heteropogon contortus) Seed Viability and Germination in Southern Texas Joshua L. Grass (Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, 78363), Aaron D. Tjelmeland (The Nature Conservancy, Texas City Prairie Preserve, Texas City, TX, 77590), Forrest S. Smith, (Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, 78363), Scott L. Mitchell (Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, 78363), Sandra Rideout-Hanzak (Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute and Dept. of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, 78363-8202), John Lloyd-Reilley (E. “Kika” de la Garza Plant Materials Center, USDA NRCS, Kingsville, TX, 78363-2704), Shelly D. Maher (E. “Kika” de la Garza Plant Materials Center, USDA NRCS, Kingsville, TX, 783632704) and David B. Wester (corresponding author: Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute and Dept. of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Texas A&M UniversityKingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, david.wester@tamuk.edu).
Tutorial Statement

This tutorial will provide an overview of the Global Arrays (GA) programming toolkit and describe its capabilities, performance, and the use of GA in high performance computing applications. The tutorial will review basic concepts in onesided communication and Global Address Space languages and will discuss basic setup and elementary communication using GA. More advanced topics, including global counters, non-blocking communication, and sparse data structures will also be discussed. If time permits, the tutorial will also present new/advanced capabilities and ongoing research activities.
Tensile Capacity of Partial Penetration Groove Welds

The flanges of six W14x320 sections with milled ends were joined together at midheight with different size partial penetration groove welds to form short columns; one additional specimen had complete penetration groove welds through both flanges. Four of the specimens were failed directly in tension; three were subjected to a few compression-tension cycles until failure. The experiments were designed to simulate conditions which can develop in some columns of steel frames during severe earthquakes. The spliced joints developed their specified strengths with the smallest weld attaining highest stress. Failure for all specimens with partial penetration groove welds occurred through the splice exhibiting very limited ductility. The data generated by these experiments should be useful for earthquake design as well as provide basic information on the behavior of partial penetration groove welds of unprecedented size.
Intrinsic Comparative Statics of a Nash Bargaining Solution

A generalization of the class of bargaining problems examined by Engwerda and Douven [(2008) On the sensitivity matrix of the Nash bargaining solution, Int. J. Game Theory 37, 265–279] is studied. The generalized class consists of nonconvex bargaining problems in which the feasible set satisfies the requirement that the set of weak Pareto-optimal solutions can be described by a smooth function. The intrinsic comparative statics of the aforesaid class are derived and shown to be characterized by a symmetric and positive semidefinite matrix, and an upper bound to the rank of the matrix is established. A corollary to this basic result is that a Nash bargaining solution is intrinsically a locally nondecreasing function of its own disagreement point. Other heretofore unknown results are similarly deduced from the basic result.
Religion and the Rising: Patrick Pearse and Easter 1916

What happens when religion is used to inspire and motivate rebellion, insurrection, and even revolution? This chapter explores the themes of religion, authority, and the state through engaging in a case study of the 1916 Easter Rising in Ireland, particularly with regard to the faith and writings of its primary leader, Patrick Pearse.
A Model for Coupled Outbreaks Contained by Behavior Change

Large epidemics such as the recent Ebola crisis in West Africa occur when local efforts to contain outbreaks fail to overcome the probabilistic onward transmission to new locations. As a result, there may be large differences in total epidemic size from similar initial conditions. This work seeks to determine the extent to which the effects of behavior changes and metapopulation coupling on epidemic size can be characterized. While mathematical models have been developed to study local containment by social distancing, intervention and other behavior changes, their connection to larger-scale transmission is relatively underdeveloped. We make use of the assumption that behavior changes limit local transmission before susceptible depletion to develop a time-varying birth-death process capturing the dynamic decrease of the transmission rate associated with behavior changes. We derive an expression for the mean outbreak size of this model and show that the distribution of outbreak sizes is approximately geometric. This allows a probabilistic extension whereby infected individuals may initiate new outbreaks. From this model we characterize the overall epidemic size as a function of the behavior change rate and the probability that an infected individual starts a new outbreak. We find good agreement between the analytical results and stochastic simulations leading to novel findings including critical learning rates that demarcate large and small epidemic sizes.
EEG Mind controlled Smart Prosthetic Arm

The field of prosthetics has seen many accomplishments over the last few years, especially with the incorporation of the latest technological advancements into these products. However, most of them have some problems, either with being incredibly expensive, hard to install and maintain, or may require surgical procedures. This paper introduces the initial design of a mind-controlled, smart, 3D printed prosthetic arm. The arm is controlled via brain commands, obtained from an electroencephalography (EEG) headset, and equipped with a network of smart sensors and actuators that give the patient intelligent feedback about the surrounding environment and the object in contact. This network provides the arm with normal hand functionality, smart reflexes and smooth movements. Various types of sensors are used including temperature, pressure, ultrasonic proximity sensors, accelerometers, potentiometers, strain gauges and gyroscopes. Preliminary experimental results show that the proposed EEG Mind-controlled Arm is a promising alternative for current solutions that require invasive and expensive surgical procedures.
High-power THz pulse radiation with GHz repetition rate in silicon

In this paper, multiple techniques for generating and radiating picosecond pulses from a single silicon chip are reported. These techniques do not require a laser. They are based on direct conversion of a digital trigger to a THz impulse. The first technique is based on storing magnetic energy on an on-chip slot-bow-tie antenna and then releasing it with an external trigger through a fast switching circuit. The second method is based on Nonlinear Q-Switching Impedance (NLQSI). The first method produces pulses with a FWHM of 5.4psec and an EIRP of 30dBm. This chip is implemented in a 90nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The second method generates pulses with a FWHM of 4psec and an EIRP of 13.6dBm. This chip is implemented in a 130nm SiGe BiCMOS technology.
Acculturation and culture: A critical factor for Asian Americans' health

Acculturation is a broad and complex process that involves participating in the mainstream culture while maintaining the heritage culture, in multiple dimensions such as behavior, knowledge, values and identity. As an important component of Asian Americans’ daily lives, acculturation and cultural factors are associated with how Asian Americans think about and deal with health issues. This chapter will first briefly review the concept of acculturation as the foundation for understanding its impact on Asian Americans’ health. The chapter will then highlight aspects of the acculturation process that play an important role in Asian Americans’ mental and physical health, as well as their utilization of health services.
538. Promoter Compatibility Enables Viral Vectors to Deliver Antiviral RNA Genes

HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) copies the viral RNA genome into double-stranded DNA during viral replication. Nucleic acid aptamers that bind RT inhibit its enzymatic activity in biochemical and biological assays and can be delivered to target cells by lentiviral vectors. We have demonstrated that RNA aptamers efficiently suppress viral replication; however, using lentiviral vectors to deliver anti-HIV genes might give rise to self-targeting, in which expression of the cargo gene during vector production interferes with efficient gene delivery. We hypothesize that promoter strength will predict the degree of viral suppression, and that regulated promoters are more suitable than constitutive promoters for delivering anti-RT aptamer genes by viral vectors. Specifically, promoters that are strong in T cells are expected to yield the most effective suppression of replicating virus, while promoters that are weak in HEK293FT are expected to yield the highest transduction efficiencies by minimizing self-targeting during particle production.To establish relative promoter strength in producer HEK293FT cells, we first cloned constitutive and regulated promoters (CMV, CMV-TO, EF1α, UbC, CD4 and U6) to drive the expression of a fluorescent aptamer (stabilized dimeric Broccoli) and EGFP. Baseline promoter strength (EGFP MFI) varied widely in HEK293FT cells, with strong expression under CMV, intermediate expression under EF1α and UbC, almost no expression under CD4. Regulated expression was achievable under CMV-TO by co-transfecting a plasmid expressing TetR Repressor.We next evaluated the effect of each promoter/aptamer combination on viral infectivity for which constructs were transiently transfected into producer cells (HEK293FT) along with proviral and helper plasmids. Virus was harvested after 48h and used in subsequent infections. Virus produced in aptamer-expressing HEK293 FT cells showed decrease in viral infectivity both in epithelial (HEK293FT) and T cell lines (CEM-T4), in each case correlating with promoter strength in the producer cells. These data strongly suggest that promoters with lower levels of expression in producer cells, such as CD4 and CMV-TO, might overcome self-targeting and become optimal for production of lentiviral vectors, which is an important goal in order to move aptamer-based strategies into pre-clinical contexts. Additionally, EGFP and stabilized dimeric Broccoli expression are informative surrogates for viral inhibition.
Caregiver needs during transition from acute cancer: Findings from focus group discussions with cancer survivors and caregivers.

84Background: The Institute of Medicine recommends that all cancer patients receive a survivorship care plan to help alleviate challenges faced when transitioning from acute treatment to long-term survivorship. As nearly three million Americans act as caregivers for a loved one with cancer, it is important that the survivorship care planning process consider the needs of not only the survivor, but also caregivers. Methods: In preparation for a randomized controlled trial of survivorship care planning, we conducted four focus groups with adult survivors of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer (n = 28) and two with self-identified caregivers of people who had been treated for these three cancers (n = 20). Focus group participants were recruited from a large, urban academic medical center and a rural community cancer center. Discussions focused on needs and expectations during the transition from cancer treatment to survivorship. Each discussion was recorded, transcribed, and analyzed qualitatively. Data ...
The Legal & Business Aspects of Disability Insurance in Professional and College Sports

Elite athletic competition carries with it an unavoidably high risk of injury and disability. As a result it has become commonplace and good business practice that the participating athletes and/or their contracts be covered by disability insurance policies. Although the professional sports industry still pales in comparison to that of other non-sports businesses, combined revenues for the NFL, MLB, NBA and the NHL were almost $20 billion in 2009. Roughly 50% of all those revenues end up as player salaries. Consequently many of the interested parties, including teams, athletes, leagues, unions, agents and more have a vested interest in obtaining different types of disability insurance policies on or for the athlete. In college athletics, disability insurance policies provide a valuable peace of mind to student-athletes with professional potential. In part to help keep student-athletes in college, the NCAA and its member-institutions administer an Exceptional Student-Athlete Disability Insurance (ESDI) program. Insurance policies have three main components: the coverage amount, the term of the contract and the premium amount. The components of an insurance policy depend in large part on statistical analysis to help determine the insurer’s level of risk and the necessary premiums to offset that risk. The relatively high risk of injury and the often millions of dollars at stake have made disability insurance policies in sports more complex and riskier. In particular, payout of athlete disability insurance policies often depends on whether the athlete suffered a career-ending injury, a term open for debate. As a result, the sports insurance industry has some particularly unique policies, including those based on loss of value and loss of draft position. Almost all disability insurance policies direct any disputes to confidential arbitration. As a result, there has been minimal litigation and minimal public information available about athlete disability insurance policies. Some of the issues that due arise in athlete disability insurance disputes include misrepresentation by the athlete, pre-existing conditions, statutes of limitations, the definition of a career-ending injury and returning after a career-ending injury. It is important for anyone working in the sports industry to have a good, overall understanding on how insurance works, the process and the options. Insurance in the sports industry is relatively new, and has changed and evolved considerably throughout its short history. It is important for people in the industry to keep up with developments as changes will be made to address market conditions, to address the needs of athletes, teams and leagues, to address changes in medical issues and rehabilitation and return from injuries and litigation decisions.
The FBI's Role in Expelling Germans from Ecuador During the 1940s

The expulsion from Latin America of immigrants from axis countries and their descendants is an important but little-studied episode of the Second World War. The role of the US, and in particular that of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), in their removal has largely disappeared from historical memory. This article examines how the FBI advanced US commercial interests, and in the process harmed vulnerable people who were subject to these expulsions.
Positive Blood Cultures in Periprosthetic Joint Infection Decrease Rate of Treatment Success.

Abstract Background Blood cultures are often obtained at the time of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) diagnosis yet they are not considered part of the diagnostic criteria and the effects of a positive result on surgical outcome are unknown. The purposes of this study are to characterize the use of blood cultures when diagnosing PJI and to determine the association of positive blood cultures with PJI treatment success. Methods A retrospective chart review on 320 patients surgically treated for primary hip and knee PJIs was performed from 2006-2013 at 2 academic medical centers with minimum 12-month follow-up. Treatment success was defined by the Delphi criteria. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify variables associated with treatment success. Results Blood cultures were obtained from 53.1% of PJI patients (170/320) at the time of diagnosis. The same organism was identified 86.0% of the time in blood culture and operative culture. Patients with positive blood cultures at the time of PJI diagnosis had elevated synovial white blood cell count (98,979, P = .012), elevated serum C-reactive protein (24.2 mg/L, P P = .013). A positive blood culture remained associated with decreased PJI treatment success using multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusion The presence of positive blood cultures at the time of PJI diagnosis decreased PJI treatment success. Further prospective studies are needed to help identify the role of blood cultures in the work up of PJI and treatment optimization in these patients.
IN VITRO ASSAY FOR TRANSFER FACTOR USING DIRECT MIGRATION INHIBITION

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the in vitro assay for transfer factor (TF) using direct migration inhibition. The effect of transfer factor prepared from tuberculin-positive individuals on the migration of leukocytes from tuberculin-negative subjects in the presence of BCG is examined. For these experiments, whole cell lysates, treated with RNase and DNase were used and resulted in significant inhibition of migration of cells from tuberculin negative individuals. TF prepared by conventional techniques for in vivo use also caused inhibition of direct migration inhibition system (DMI), but seemed to be less effective than the whole cell lysate. The effect of this lysate on four tuberculin-negative individuals is shown. None of the four individuals showed significant inhibition to BCG alone. In the presence of the TF preparation, there was an increase in inhibition ranging from 16% to 34%. The DMI of leukocytes from tuberculin-negative recipient SS showed no increased inhibition to BCG in the presence of the two TF preparations from tuberculin-negative donors. Significant inhibition was observed when the positive TF preparations were used.
A comparison of automated training-by-example selection algorithms for Evidence Based Software Engineering

Abstract Context Study search and selection is central to conducting Evidence Based Software Engineering (EBSE) research, including Systematic Literature Reviews and Systematic Mapping Studies. Thus, selecting relevant studies and excluding irrelevant studies, is critical. Prior research argues that study selection is subject to researcher bias, and the time required to review and select relevant articles is a target for optimization. Objective This research proposes two training-by-example classifiers that are computationally simple, do not require extensive training or tuning, ensure inclusion/exclusion consistency, and reduce researcher study selection time: one based on Vector Space Models (VSM), and a second based on Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA). Method Algorithm evaluation is accomplished through Monte-Carlo Cross-Validation simulations, in which study subsets are randomly chosen from the corpus for training, with the remainder classified by the algorithm. The classification results are then assessed for recall (a measure of completeness), precision (a measure of exactness) and researcher efficiency savings (reduced proportion of corpus studies requiring manual review as a result of algorithm use). A second smaller simulation is conducted for external validation. Results and conclusions VSM algorithms perform better in recall; LSA algorithms perform better in precision. Recall improves with larger training sets with a higher proportion of truly relevant studies. Precision improves with training sets with a higher portion of irrelevant studies, without a significant impact from the training set size. The algorithms reduce the influence of researcher bias and are found to significantly improve researcher efficiency. To improve recall, the findings recommend VSM and a large training set including as many truly relevant studies as possible. If precision and efficiency are most critical, the findings suggest LSA and a training set including a large proportion of truly irrelevant studies.
Unlocking pedal motion of the azo group: three- and unexpected eight-component hydrogen-bonded assemblies in co-crystals based on isosteric resorcinols

Co-crystallization of 3-phenylazopyridine (3PAzP) with dihalogenated resorcinols (res) 4,6-diX res (where: X = Cl, Br, and I) yields co-crystals that support molecular pedal motion in the crystalli...
Rethinking Equity Theory

Equity theory (Adams, 1965; Walster, Berscheid, & Walster, 1973) seems to have outlived its usefulness. Can it—should it—be revised or recon-ceptualized? This chapter argues that there is a basis for rethinking equity theory and that such an enterprise is a worthwhile precursor to further research on the psychology of injustice.
A new genus of foraminifera from the cretaceous rocks of South India

A new genus is erected withCibicides roestae Visser as the genotype. The new genus is named asPraestorrsella indicating its relationship toStorrsella Drooger. Two new species of the new genus,reicheli andariyalurensis, are described and illustrated.
Tight Junctions in CNS Myelin

Myelin in the central nervous system (CNS) is composed of a complex multilamellar sheath wrapped around axons facilitating axonal conduction. Tight junctions (TJs) between plasma membrane layers of myelin were recognized over 40 years ago but only recently has the molecular composition been determined. CNS myelin TJs stain with anti-OSP/daudin-11 antibodies and are absent when the OSP/daudin-11 gene is disrupted. These TJs, along with PLP/DM20, serve an adhesive function maintaining myelin compaction. In addition to its structural role in mature myelin, OSP/claudin-11 associates with a member of the tetraspanin superfamily and β1 integrin, and regulates proliferation and migration of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells.
Testing and Model Correlation of a Plexiplate with a Water Boundary Condition

The purpose of this work is to analytically and experimentally study the effects of structure-fluid coupling with the intent of understanding the structural effects of coupling and to gain experience with the options, assumptions, and capability of commercially available vibro-acoustic predictive tools. The test object is a plexiplate that has well understood, linear modal characteristics. The plexiplate was coupled to two fluid media representing the extreme options: (1) air(vacuum), which in this case represents a weakly coupled condition and (2) water interfacing one large surface of the plate, representing a strongly coupled interface. Experimental modal analysis was used to estimate the mode shapes and natural frequencies for each condition. A finite element model was formulated for each of these conditions and solutions were obtained using a commercially available solver.
Radiofrequency ablation of pathologically proven T1a renal tumors: 15 years follow up—A tertiary cancer center experience.

4582Background: To evaluate the long term oncologic efficacy and overall survival of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for pathologically proven T1a Renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: we retrospectiv...
A Versatile Low Temperature Curing Molecular Silver Ink Platform for Printed Electronics

The development and sale of conductive silver flake-based inks remains one of the most profitable areas within the printed electronics (PE) industry. However, the volatility of the silver market is a concern for conductive ink manufacturers, so cost effective alternatives that can minimize the amount of metal used to produce a functional trace are actively being investigated and developed in order decrease costs. Here we present a simple formulation containing a silver compound that provides a screen printable ink capable of producing traces with thicknesses under 1 micometer, linewidths as narrow as 42 μm separated by 38 μm and excellent electrical properties (22 μΩ·cm) following thermal sintering at temperatures of 120 °C on PET substrates. The molecular ink is also quite versatile, enabling the metallization of common textile threads and allowing their incorporation into applications where the threads can serve as wires to power LEDs driven by a wearable electronic platform. The silver traces derived from the silver ink also demonstrate impressive stretchability on both metalized latex/polyester threads and as printed traces on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) substrates, where the threads/traces remain conductive up to strains as high as 126%. The ability for the traces produced from the silver molecular ink to maintain conductivity as they are strained/stretched also enables their incorporation into structural and in-mold electronics applications, where conductive 3D traces can be produced through a simple thermoforming process. Together these results represent a significant advance for the PE industry
Public perceptions of the hybridization of polar (Ursus maritimus) and grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis)

Definitions of “species” are complex and often contested in the scientific literature. Hybridization between species, a natural phenomenon exacerbated by climate change, can blur lines between spec...
Avoiding predatory journals: Quick peer review processes too good to be true.

Problem Nursing is experiencing the growth of predatory journals with questionable peer review processes. These journals publish submissions quickly and do not enhance the authors' reputation and scholarship of nursing. Methods A qualitative, descriptive study design examined the legitimacy of the peer-review process described on the websites of predatory nursing journals. Posted review processes (n = 53) were examined for quality indicators related to language use, author control, and transparency. Findings Of the 53 predatory nursing journals describing a peer-review process, the majority indicated that all submitted content was sent for peer review (n = 34, 64.15%). Most journals did not describe the criteria on which submitted articles would be evaluated ( n = 39, 73.58%). Quality indicators for language included multiple grammatical errors and odd language and phrases ( n = 39, 73.58%). Author control of tracking, revisions, and review of galley proofs were inconsistent in the described peer-review processes. The majority did not provide a way to track a manuscript through the process ( n = 29, 54.72%). Most journals did not explain the types of peer review they conducted ( n = 31, 58.49%). Conclusion Authors can sidestep the trap of publishing in predatory journals by paying attention to the peer review process when selecting a journal for publication.
An Evaluation of Risperidone Dosing for Pediatric Delirium in Children Less Than or Equal to 2 Years of Age

Background: Risperidone dosing and safety data are limited in patients ≤2 years of age. Objective: To describe the dosing strategies, safety, and tolerability of risperidone in infants ≤2 years of age. Methods: An institutional review board-approved retrospective study was conducted in a 24-bed pediatric intensive care unit at an academic medical center in patients ≤2 years of age receiving risperidone for the management of ICU delirium. The primary outcome was mean initial daily dose of risperidone. Secondary outcomes included mean daily dose, dosing frequency, treatment duration, and adverse effects. Results: Seventeen patients who received at least 1 dose of risperidone were included in the study. The initial daily dose ranged from 0.1 to 0.25 mg (0.01-0.04 mg/kg), with a mean of 0.17 mg (0.02 mg/kg). Most patients were initiated on once-daily dosing (76.5%) versus twice-daily dosing (17.6%). More than 80% of patients required a dose increase during therapy. Median daily doses of fentanyl, morphine, ketamine, and midazolam were decreased following initiation of risperidone. No adverse events that led to discontinuation of risperidone were reported. Conclusion and Relevance: Risperidone was found to be safe and well tolerated at daily doses of risperidone of 0.1 to 0.25 mg in 1 or 2 doses per day in patients ≤2 years old for the management of ICU delirium. To our knowledge, these results provide the largest cohort describing dosing recommendations specific for risperidone in this age group. Further investigation on the effect of antipsychotic administration on other sedation and analgesic regimens is necessary.
The PNTFS file system in the Moses2 operating system environment simulator

The Moses2 operating system environment simulator is a software tool developed by the author to teach concepts of operating systems in upper level undergraduate O/S courses. Using the Moses2 system, students write their own version of a limited functionality operating system kernel that manages the processes and resources that are provided with the Moses2 simulator. This paper describes the PNTFS file system component that students develop as one of an incremental series of Moses2 features.
Predictors of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus in Patients Undergoing Broström-Gould Ankle Ligament Reconstruction.

Chronic ankle instability is associated with intra-articular and extra-articular ankle pathologies, including osteochondral lesions of the talus. Patients with these lesions are at risk for treatment failure for their ankle instability. Identifying these patients is important and helps to guide operative versus nonoperative treatment. There is no literature examining which patient characteristics may be used to predict concomitant osteochondral lesions of the talus. A retrospective chart review was performed on patients (N = 192) who underwent a primary Brostrom-Gould lateral ankle ligament reconstruction for chronic ankle instability from 2010 to 2014. Preoperative findings, magnetic resonance imaging, and operative procedures were documented. Patients with and without a lesion were divided into 2 cohorts. Fifty-three (27.6%) patients had 1 lesion identified on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Forty (69.0%) of these lesions were medial, 18 (31.0%) were lateral, and 5 patients had both. Female sex was a negative predictor of a concomitant lesion (p = .013). Patients were less likely to have concomitant peroneal tendinopathy (30.2% vs 48.9%; p = .019) in the presence of a lesion. However, sports participation was a positive predictor of a concomitant lesion (p = .001). The remainder of the variables (age, body mass index, smoking, trauma, duration, contralateral instability, global laxity) did not show a significant difference. In patients who underwent lateral ankle ligament reconstruction, females were less likely to have a lesion than males. Patients with peroneal tendinopathy were less likely to have a lesion compared with patients without. Additionally, athletic participation was a positive predictor of a concomitant lesion.
Novel biomarker genes which distinguish between smokers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with machine learning approach

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is combination of progressive lung diseases. The diagnosis of COPD is generally based on the pulmonary function testing, however, difficulties underlie in prognosis of smokers or early stage of COPD patients due to the complexity and heterogeneity of the pathogenesis. Computational analyses of omics technologies are expected as one of the solutions to resolve such complexities. We obtained transcriptomic data by in vitro testing with exposures of human bronchial epithelial cells to the inducers for early events of COPD to identify the potential descriptive marker genes. With the identified genes, the machine learning technique was employed with the publicly available transcriptome data obtained from the lung specimens of COPD and non-COPD patients to develop the model that can reflect the risk continuum across smoking and COPD. The expression levels of 15 genes were commonly altered among in vitro tissues exposed to known inducible factors for earlier events of COPD (exposure to cigarette smoke, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation), and 10 of these genes and their corresponding proteins have not previously reported as COPD biomarkers. Although these genes were able to predict each group with 65% accuracy, the accuracy with which they were able to discriminate COPD subjects from smokers was only 29%. Furthermore, logistic regression enabled the conversion of gene expression levels to a numerical index, which we named the “potential risk factor (PRF)” index. The highest significant index value was recorded in COPD subjects (0.56 at the median), followed by smokers (0.30) and non-smokers (0.02). In vitro tissues exposed to cigarette smoke displayed dose-dependent increases of PRF, suggesting its utility for prospective risk estimation of tobacco products. Our experimental-based transcriptomic analysis identified novel genes associated with COPD, and the 15 genes could distinguish smokers and COPD subjects from non-smokers via machine-learning classification with remarkable accuracy. We also suggested a PRF index that can quantitatively reflect the risk continuum across smoking and COPD pathogenesis, and we believe it will provide an improved understanding of smoking effects and new insights into COPD.
Widely Tunable Optical and Thermal Properties of Dirac Semimetal Cd3As2

In this paper we report a detailed analysis of the temperature-dependent optical properties of epitaxially grown cadmium arsenide (Cd$_3$As$_2$), a newly discovered three-dimensional Dirac semimetal. Dynamic Fermi level tuning -- instigated from Pauli-blocking in the linear Dirac cone -- and varying Drude response, generate large variations in the mid and far-infrared optical properties. We demonstrate thermo-optic shifts larger than those of traditional III-V semiconductors, which we attribute to the obtained large thermal expansion coefficient as revealed by first-principles calculations. Electron scattering rate, plasma frequency edge, Fermi level shift, optical conductivity, and electron effective mass analysis of Cd$_3$As$_2$ thin-films are quantified and discussed in detail. Our ab initio density functional study and experimental analysis of epitaxially grown Cd$_3$As$_2$ promise applications for nanophotonic and nanoelectronic devices, such as reconfigurable metamaterials and metasurfaces, nanoscale thermal emitters, and on-chip directional antennas.
Identification of Potential Task Shedding Events Using Brain Activity Data

In Human–Machine Teaming environments, it is important to identify potential performance drops due to cognitive overload. If identified correctly, they can help improve the performance of the human–machine system by offloading some tasks to less cognitively overloaded users. This can help prevent user error that can result in critical failures. Also, it can improve productivity by keeping the human operators at an optimal performance state. This paper explores a new method for identifying user cognitive load by a three-class classification using brain activity data and by applying a convolutional neural network and long short-term memory model. The data collected from a set of cognitive benchmark experiments were used to train the model, which was then tested on two separate datasets consisting of more ecologically valid task environments. We experimented with various models built with different benchmark tasks to explore which benchmark tasks were better suited for the prediction of task shedding events in these compound tasks that are more representative of real-world scenarios. We also show that this method can be extended across-tasks and across-subject pools.
The past, present, and future of consumer research

In this article, we document the evolution of research trends (concepts, methods, and aims) within the field of consumer behavior, from the time of its early development to the present day, as a multidisciplinary area of research within marketing. We describe current changes in retailing and real-world consumption and offer suggestions on how to use observations of consumption phenomena to generate new and interesting consumer behavior research questions. Consumption continues to change with technological advancements and shifts in consumers' values and goals. We cannot know the exact shape of things to come, but we polled a sample of leading scholars and summarize their predictions on where the field may be headed in the next twenty years.
Automatic Extraction of Sargassum Features From Sentinel-2 MSI Images

Frequent Sargassum beaching in the Caribbean Sea and other regions has caused severe problems for local environments and economies. Although coarse-resolution satellite instruments can provide large-scale Sargassum distributions, their use is problematic in nearshore waters that are directly relevant to local communities. Finer resolution instruments, such as the multispectral instruments (MSIs) on the Sentinel-2 satellites, show potential to fill this gap, yet automatic Sargassum extraction is difficult due to compounding factors. In this article, a new approach is developed to extract Sargassum features automatically from MSI Floating Algae Index (FAI) images. Because of the high spatial resolution, limited signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and staggered instrument internal configuration, there are many nonalgae bright targets (including cloud artifacts and wave-induced glints) causing enhanced near-infrared reflectance and elevated FAI values. Based on the spatial patterns of these image “noises,” a Trainable Nonlinear Reaction Diffusion (TNRD) denoising model is trained to estimate and remove such noise. The model shows excellent performance when tested over realistic noise patterns derived from MSI measurements. After removing such noise and masking clouds (as well as cloud shadows and glint patterns), biomass density from each valid pixel is quantified using the FAI-biomass model established from earlier field measurements, from which Sargassum morphology (length/width/biomass) is derived. Overall, the proposed approach achieves over 86% Sargassum extraction accuracy and shows preliminary success on Landsat-8 images. The approach is expected to be incorporated in the existing near real-time Sargassum Watch System for both Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 observations to monitor Sargassum over nearshore waters.