cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Potential Therapies in Aging and Senile Dementias

ANIFESTATIONS of aging of the nervous system whether one M looks at neuropathologic, physiologic, neurochemical or behavioral aspects appear to reflect a final common path taken by human organisms when behavioral options ordinarily available to achieve adaptive responses are precluded by degenerative changes of the neural machinery. Even during the early "normal" adult period, degenerative changes probably are taking place to some extent, but are being compensated for by activities of redundant neural elements and by adjustments in neural feedback and modulator systems. However, eventually the pathologic changes may become sufficiently extensive so that the latter activities are inadequate, and the social behavior and physiologic responses of the severely affected individual become maladaptive, survival becoming dependent upon extensive use of artificial social and medical support systems. The end-stage pathologies observed are characterized by degenerative changes in cells in many brain regions and are associated with some losses of neuronal cells, decreases in neuronal processes in surviving cells, and increases in glial elements. Viral and bacterial infections, dietary deficiencies and imbalances, cardiovascular, metabolic, and endocrine disorders, anoxia, various types of spaceoccupying lesions and traumata, and toxins may, by themselves, cause degenerative changes or they may predispose to such changes in response
Missing religion Second level agenda setting and Islam in American newspapers

Second level agenda setting offers a way of demonstrating the effects of news content by providing evidence that the attributes emphasized in news coverage become more salient in the minds of media...
Strength and physical fitness predict the perception of looming sounds

Listeners consistently perceive approaching sounds to be closer than they actually are and perceptually underestimate the time to arrival of looming sound sources. In a natural environment, this underestimation results in more time than expected to evade or engage the source and affords a “margin of safety” that may provide a selective advantage. However, a key component in the proposed evolutionary origins of the perceptual bias is the appropriate timing of anticipatory motor behaviors. Here we show that listeners with poorer physical fitness respond sooner to looming sounds and with a larger margin of safety than listeners with better physical fitness. The anticipatory perceptual bias for looming sounds is negatively correlated with physical strength and positively correlated with recovery heart rate (a measure of aerobic fitness). The results suggest that the auditory perception of looming sounds may be modulated by the response capacity of the motor system.
Simulation model verification and validation

Verification and validation of simulation models are discussed. The different approaches to deciding model validity are described; how model verification and validation relate to the model development process is specified; various validation techniques are defined; conceptual model validity, model verification, operational validity, and data validity are discussed; ways to document results are given; and a recommended validation procedure is presented. >
Repeated significance tests for a normal mean

SUMMARY Repeated significance tests for a normal mean, with variance known, are studied asymptotically. Approximations are given for the significance level, power and expected sample size. These approximations are shown to be accurate enough for practical numerical purposes over a wide range of parameter values. An analogous test for the case of unknown variance is suggested and an approximation to its significance level obtained.
IS NEST PREDATION BY STELLER'S JAYS (CYANOCITTA STELLERI) INCIDENTAL OR THE RESULT OF A SPECIALIZED SEARCH STRATEGY?

Abstract Decreased nest success and elevated levels of nest predation have been linked to changes in landscape configuration and increased edge. However, our current understanding of the mechanics of nest predation is limited. Using radiotelemetry and artificial nest experiments, we studied the ranging and nest-predation behavior of the Steller's Jay (Cyanocitta stelleri) in the managed forests of western Washington. Steller's Jays used a variety of forest seral stages, 95% of foraging observations occurred within 50 m of edges, and home range did not appear to be influenced by breeding success. Predation on artificial nests was elevated in high-use areas of home ranges, which suggests that Steller's Jays find nests incidentally while foraging for primary prey (insects). Steller's Jays did not appear to use a specialized search strategy to find nests, though they had a search image for nests and were capable of performing area-restricted searching for other food items (peanuts). To assess the risk of nest...
Economics and Utopia: Why the Learning Economy Is not the End of History

(2000). Economics and Utopia: Why the Learning Economy Is not the End of History. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 764-767.
Multiple-Unit Operations and Gross Labor Productivity within the Old Cotton Belt

HE Census concept of a "farm" is peculiarly inappropriate for an analysis of the structure and organization of the agriculture of the Cotton South. The Census commonly designates and reports single units and the sub-units of multiple-unit operations alike as "farms," making it impossible to distinguish between them or to determine the characteristics of the larger management units of which the sub-units are a part. As a result, the nature of a system of plantation agriculture, prevalent throughout the Old Cotton Belt, is almost wholly obscured. Some definitions will make the importance of these observations clearer. A multiple-unit farming operation consists of two or more subunits handled as a single farming enterprise. One of these sub-units is usually the home farm, handled by the multiple-unit operator with the help of family or hired labor. The home farm contains the home of the multiple-unit operator or the headquarters where workstock and equipment are kept for the entire operation. The other sub-units usually are operated by share-croppers under the supervision of the multiple-unit operator, who maintains central control over sale of products, workstock, machinery, and equipment; crop rotation; and purchase of supplies. The home farm includes all land associated with the over-all operation which is not assigned to these other sub-units. It is important to note that, from the standpoint of farm organization and management, the several operating sub-units are a single management unit. In addition to such multiple units, the South, as elsewhere, has many single units, each operated as a complete farm business by the operator, his family, or hired workers. A single unit is both an operating and a management unit. It is obvious that-because of these important differences in their organization and management-home-farm sub-units, other sub-units, and
Empirical protein partition functions.

In the present paper, we outline how to construct the partition function for a protein using empirical heat capacity data. The procedure is based on the calculation of a set of energy moments from the temperature dependence of the heat capacity. Given a set of energy moments, one can then use the maximum-entropy method to calculate an approximate energy distribution for the protein; the more energy moments one has, the better the approximation. The energy distribution can then be used to calculate the probability that the molecule is in a given energy level, which, using standard statistical mechanics, gives the degeneracy of the particular energy level. The degeneracy as a function of energy is the central ingredient in the construction of the partition function. Given the partition function, one can calculate all of the thermodynamic functions of the protein (free energy, energy, entropy, heat capacity, and energy probability distribution) as a function of temperature. The three-dimensional plot of the ...
Tweeting and Trivializing How the Trivialization of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder via Social Media Impacts User Perceptions, Emotions, and Behaviors

A quick search of social media websites demonstrates that users often describe their benign behaviors (e.g., organizing drawers or color-coding) as related to obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Y...
LIGATION OF CR1 ATTENUATES FC RECEPTOR-MEDIATED MYELOPEROXIDASE RELEASE AND HOCL PRODUCTION BY NEUTROPHILS

Surface adherent immunoglobulins are potent stimuli for inducing neutrophil release of myeloperoxidase and production of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), an oxidant that promotes activity of neutrophil proteases. Opsonization of surface adherent IgG (SAIgG) by complement results in attenuation of these responses, despite augmenting neutrophil production of superoxide and release of specific granule enzymes. The role of complement receptor ligation in modulating Fc receptor-triggered myeloperoxidase release and HOCl production by neutrophils was determined by incubating neutrophils with SAIgG in the presence of complement receptor ligating antibody reagents. Ligation of CR1 by F(ab')2 derived from CR1 specific monoclonal antibody (mAb 543) resulted in significant attenuation of surface-associated IgG (SAIgG)-induced release of myeloperoxidase and HOCl production but did not result in attenuation of SAIgG-induced superoxide or hydrogen peroxide production; ligation of CR1 by mAb 543 F(ab')2 also attenuated surface adherent IgA-induced myeloperoxidase release and HOCl production. HOCl production was not significantly attenuated when neutrophils were activated with SAIgG in the presence of surface adherent C1q or when CR3 was ligated by F(ab')2 derived from mAb having specificity for the CD11b (mAb M1/70) or CD18 (mAb TS1) subunits of CR3. These results indicate that ligation of CR1 on neutrophils by C3b fixed to IgG may alter signal transduction events linking ligation of neutrophil Fc receptors to cellular events required for release of myeloperoxidase and generation of HOCl.
Fine-Grained Analyses of Interpersonal Processes and Their Effect on Learning

Better conversational alignment can lead to shared understanding, changed beliefs, and increased rapport. We investigate the relationship in peer tutoring of convergence, interpersonal rapport, and student learning. We develop an approach for computational modeling of convergence by accounting for the horizontal richness and time-based dependencies that arise in non-stationary and noisy longitudinal interaction streams. Our results, which illustrate that rapport as well as convergence are significantly correlated with learning gains, provide guidelines for development of peer tutoring agents that can increase learning gains through subtle changes to improve tutor-tutee alignment.
The perfect cipher

The history of cryptography is punctuated by the invention of clever systems to encipher messages and, sometime later, equally clever systems for cryptanalysing the enciphered messages to determine their meaning. Most enciphering schemes of any worth enjoy a relatively lengthy period of prominence before sufficiently determined cryptanalysts undermine their security by figuring out how to attack them. In response, cryptographers devise new and improved schemes and then the cycle repeats. Cryptographers have learned from history that it is dangerous to declare any enciphering scheme unbreakable; at best they are considered to be very secure. But there is one scheme, a scheme that has been around since 1917, that truly is unbreakable. It is the perfect cipher.
Tough Stretchable Physically-Cross-linked Electrospun Hydrogel Fiber Mats

Nature uses supramolecular interactions and hierarchical structures to produce water-rich materials with combinations of properties that are challenging to obtain in synthetic systems. Here, we demonstrate hierarchical supramolecular hydrogels from electrospun, self-associated copolymers with unprecedented elongation and toughness for high porosity hydrogels. Hydrophobic association of perfluoronated comonomers provides the physical cross-links for these hydrogels based on copolymers of dimethyl acrylamide and 2-(N-ethylperfluorooctane sulfonamido)ethyl methacrylate (FOSM). Intriguingly, the hydrogel fiber mats show an enhancement in toughness in comparison to compression molded bulk hydrogels. This difference is attributed to the size distribution of the hydrophobic aggregates where narrowing the distribution in the electrospun material enhances the toughness of the hydrogel. These hydrogel fiber mats exhibit extensibility more than double that of the bulk hydrogel and a comparable modulus despite the po...
Ultrasound Evaluation of Vascular Access Used in Hemodialysis

The purpose of this study is to develop and perfect a method to examine and follow-up vascular access by a non-invasive technique. Ultrasonographically appears as the ideal approach to this problem. High-frequency, short focused transducers in combination with improven signal processing and display considerably enhance the feasibility of study. Like superficially located vascular structures, bovine grafts and cannular arteriovenous shunts can be easily demonstrated sonographically. We report our preliminary experience with 24 cases. We plan to base our final results on a minimum of 100 cases, hopefully with occasinal radiographic documentation.
Characterization of the oropharynx: anatomy, histology, immunology, squamous cell carcinoma and surgical resection

Understanding the structure and function of the oropharynx is paramount for providing excellent patient care. In clinical oncology, the oropharynx is generally divided into four distinct components: (i) the base of the tongue; (ii) the soft palate; (iii) the palatine tonsillar fossa; and (iv) the pharyngeal wall. The oropharyngeal mucosa is distinct from other mucosal surfaces in the body, as it is composed of a reticulated epithelium with a discontinuous basement membrane, also known as lymphoepithelium. This review describes the anatomy, histology, immunology and surgical resection of the oropharynx as they relate to oncological care.
Cardiac transplantation in Friedreich Ataxia: Extended follow-up

Friedreich Ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder most commonly caused by guanine-adenine-adenine (GAA) trinucleotide repeat expansions in both alleles of the FXN gene. Although progressive ataxia remains the hallmark clinical feature, patients with FRDA are at high risk of developing cardiomyopathy, often resulting in premature death. There is no specific treatment for FRDA-associated cardiomyopathy; even in advanced cardiac failure cardiac transplantation is not commonly pursued. This case series describes extended follow-up of three FRDA cases with end-stage heart failure but mild neurologic disease who underwent successful heart transplantation. We also review and examine the ethical considerations for heart transplantation in the setting of neurodegenerative disease.
SoC Methodology an Overview.

System on a Chip (SoC) is a concept that has been challenging the traditional design flow methodologies by: encouraging component reutilization; promote concurrent development; propose new design, verification and validation flows; encourage innovation; and enable multidisciplinary teams to work together. Rather than being a hard recommendation for an specific SoC methodology, the objective of this paper is to identify the key flows and create awareness to those involved on the massive effort that is involved in SoC such as: system architecture and modeling; hardware-software partitioning; analog and digital circuit design, verification, and physical implementation; software architecture and coding; design validation and component testing. These practices allow large teams to come with innovative products just in time to meet market demands.
California's Proposition 65 and the Limits of Information Economics

This warning, similar to one mandated by California's Proposition 65,1 is supposed to help consumers identify dangerous substances. But what is a consumer faced with such a warning expected to do? Which chemical in the labeled product poses the danger? How great is the risk? These are precisely the questions that critics of Proposition 65, one of a growing number of state and federal statutes mandating warnings like the one printed above, have asked with increasing forcefulness. This note analyzes the force of that critique and proposes an alternative method of examining warning statutes that focuses on the effect of such laws on manufacturers.
Moderate plasma activated media suppresses proliferation and migration of MDCK epithelial cells

Low-temperature plasma has been shown to have diverse biomedical uses, including its applications in cancer and wound healing. One recent approach in treating mammalian cells with plasma is through the use of plasma activated media (PAM), which is produced by exposing cell culture media to plasma. While the adverse effects of PAM treatment on cancerous epithelial cell lines have been recently studied, much less is known about the interaction of PAM with normal epithelial cells. In this paper, non-cancerous canine kidney MDCK (Madin-Darby Canine Kidney) epithelial cells were treated by PAM and time-lapse microscopy was used to directly monitor their proliferation and random migration upon treatment. While longer durations of PAM treatment led to cell death, we found that moderate levels of PAM treatment inhibited proliferation in these epithelial cells. We also found that PAM treatment reduced random cell migration within epithelial islands. Immunofluorescence staining showed that while there were no major changes in the actin/adhesion apparatus, there was a significant change in the nuclear localization of proliferation marker Ki-67, consistent with our time-lapse results.
Methanotrophic bacterial diversity in two diverse soils under varying land-use practices as determined by high-throughput sequencing of the pmoA gene

Abstract Methanotrophic bacteria in soil serve as the only known biological sink of atmospheric methane, and impact net methane emission from soils. Most members of methanotrophs use particulate methane monooxygenase enzyme, encoded by the pmoA gene, to oxidize methane. Here, Illumina sequencing (iTAG) of pmoA gene was carried out to examine methanotrophic bacterial diversity in soils under different land use. Additionally, the effect of soil-type on pmoA amplicon sequence abundance was analyzed. Two sites in Ohio, each comprising of long-term no-tillage plots, plow-tillage plots, grassland, and forest were sampled. The tillage plots also included continuous-corn and corn-soybean crop rotations. By referencing a curated database of the pmoA gene, we were able to identify eight genera of methanotrophs with varying relative abundances in the samples. Additionally, four genera were differentially abundant across samples (alpha = 0.005) and included Methylocystis , Methylocococcus , Methylosoma , and USCa . About 30% of processed sequences were unclassified. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of unweighted UniFrac and Bray-Curtis metrics showed clear community distinction based on sites. Soil type had the most significant effect (p
On the Theory and Modelling of Flame Acceleration and Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition

Prevention of spontaneous premixed flame acceleration (FA) and deflagration (flame)-to-detonation transition (DDT) would avoid thousands of fatalities and injuries that occur every year in numerous disasters such as accidental mining or power plants explosions. On the other hand, promotion of FA and DDT can be energeticallyefficiently employed in the emerging technologies such as pulse-detonation engines and micro-combustors. Fundamentally, the DDT applications range from terrestrial burning and inertial confined fusion to thermonuclear supernovae and crystals of molecular/nano-magnets. In all these respects, the physical understanding and quantitative description of FA and DDT are critically needed from both practical and fundamental viewpoints. This need is addressed here, with a focus on combustion tubes/channels as the primary geometry. Specifically, various mechanisms of FA in pipes such as those due to (i) wall friction, (ii) in-built obstacles, and (iii) a finger flame shape are described, with various stages of FA and DDT scenarios being simulated and quantified. The locus and timing of detonation initiation, triggered by an accelerating flame front, are prescribed.
Posterior Wall Collapse in High Myopia following Cataract Surgery.

Purpose: We report a case of posterior globe collapse of an eye after initial recovery from uncomplicated cataract surgery in a patient with high myopia and discuss the course of management involving recognition and emergent air injection with globe reformation. Case Report: A 64-year-old functionally monocular male with a history of high myopia presented for follow-up after uncomplicated cataract surgery. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA) at postoperative day 1 was 20/150 with an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 19 mm Hg. At the week 1 visit, UCDVA had decreased to 20/200 with an IOP at 9 mm Hg. After preliminary exam, the keratome site suture was removed, after which the patient reported vision changes. A dilated fundus exam was performed revealing posterior scleral wall collapse. A clinical diagnosis of hypotony was made and a pars plana injection of 1 mL air was performed. This resulted in immediate subjective improvement of vision. Exam the next day revealed UCDVA 20/50 with pinhole improvement to 20/30 and IOP 15 mm Hg. Conclusion: This case demonstrates postoperative hypotony in a patient with pathologic myopia, following cataract surgery. Pathologically myopic eyes may have greater propensity to collapse in the setting of reduced IOP.
Circularly Polarized Light Detection Based on Efficient Chip-Integrated Metasurface

We report a hybrid metal-dielectric metasurface to realize on-chip detection of circularly polarized light at telecommunication wavelengths. Preliminary experimental results show extinction ratios close to 10 dB and efficiencies up to 90% at designed wavelengths.
Expression of endogenous proteins in maize hybrids in a multi-location field trial in India.

Genetically modified (GM) crops undergo large scale multi-location field trials to characterize agronomics, composition, and the concentration of newly expressed protein(s) [herein referred to as transgenic protein(s)]. The concentration of transgenic proteins in different plant tissues and across the developmental stages of the plant is considered in the safety assessment of GM crops. Reference or housekeeping proteins are expected to maintain a relatively stable expression pattern in healthy plants given their role in cellular functions. Understanding the effects of genotype, growth stage and location on the concentration of endogenous housekeeping proteins may provide insight into the contribution these factors could have on transgenic protein concentrations in GM crops. The concentrations of three endogenous proteins (actin, elongation factor 1-alpha, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) were measured in several different maize hybrids grown across multiple field locations over 2 years. Leaf samples were collected from healthy plants at three developmental stages across the growing seasons, and protein concentrations were quantified by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for each protein. In general, the concentrations of these three endogenous proteins were relatively consistent across hybrid backgrounds, when compared within one growth stage and location (2–26%CV), whereas the concentrations of proteins in the same hybrid and growth stage across different locations were more variable (12–64%CV). In general, the protein concentrations in 2013 and 2014 show similar trends in variability. Some degree of variability in protein concentrations should be expected for both transgenic and endogenous plant-expressed proteins. In the case of GM crops, the potential variation in protein concentrations due to location effects is captured in the current model of multi-location field testing.
Detecting traffic anomaly in wireless networks, an analytics methodology

Since anomalies in wireless networks have different behaviors, not all of them can be detected and recognized. With the capacity of detecting and describing hidden structure from unlabeled data, unsupervised algorithms are able to automatically characterize the nature of traffic behavior and detect anomalies from normal behaviors in the wireless network. In this paper, co-occurrence data is studied since it combines traffic data with generating entities. Gaussian probabilistic latent semantic analysis (GPLSA) model is leveraged to compare the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) with temporal network data. A novel “Donut” algorithm of anomaly detection is proposed with model log-likelihood. Experimental results validated that the proposed GPLSA model could hold better promise in the early detection with low false alarm rate and low implementation complexity.
Some Contrasting Examples of the Time and Frequency Domain Approaches to Time Series Analysis

Abstract Two distinct approaches to the analysis of time series data are in common use — the time side and the frequency side. The frequency approach involves essential use of sinusoids and bands of (angular) frequency, with Fourier transforms playing an important role. The time approach makes little use of these. Certain useful techniques are hybrids of these two approaches. This work proceeding via examples, compares and contrasts the two approaches with respect to modelling, statistical inference and researchers' aims.
Pragmatic multi-agent learning

Early models of procedural learning assumed actors were isolated, model-based thinkers. More recently, learning techniques have become more sophisticated as this assumption has been replaced with more realistic ones. To date, however, there has been no thorough investigation of multiple, heterogeneous, situated agents who learn from the pragmatics of their domain rather than from a model. This research focuses on this important problem and develops learning techniques that allow agents to improve their performance in a dynamic environment by learning from past run-time behavior. Humans provide a natural model of pragmatic agents situated in a multi-agent world. [1] argues that the development of distributed cooperative behavior in people is shaped by the accumulated cultural-historical knowledge of the community. Our learning techniques are motivated by this argument and use a structure called collective memory to store the accumulated procedural knowledge of a community of agents. Collective memory contains the breadth of knowledge the community acquires through interacting with each other and the world during the course of solving sequences of distinct problems. The cornerstone of collective memory is a cooperative procedures case-base that augments the agents’ first-order planner [2]; in other words, this work follows in the tradition of second-order planners, extending them into multi-agent domains. In our model of activity, each agent has her own point of view on how best to proceed, which often leads to uncoordinated and unproductive behavior. Furthermore, inefficient behavior would occur even if there was a consensus upon the best course of action to follow (perhaps legislated by a supervising agent or agreed to during community-wide communication) because of the community’s initial lack of knowledge about their uncertain domain. Through the use of collective memory, however, agents behave more efficiently over the course of solving a problem sequence for two reasons. First, individual agents develop a point of view based upon shared experiences; second, they learn procedures that capture regularities both in the task environment and in the patterns of cooperation for solving problems in task domain. That is, an agent remembers successful cooperative behavior in which she was involved, and uses it as a basis for future interactions.
Finite Element Process Modeling of Sheet Metal Forming of General Shapes

Sheet metal forming processes, axially symmetric and non-symmetric, were analyzed numerically by the finite element method based on the membrane theory. The finite element model takes into account the rigid-plastic material characteristics which satisfy Hill’s anisotropic yield criterion and its associated flow rule. The theoretical formulation includes the normal anisotropy of the sheet metal as well as the finite deformation during the sheet forming process. In addition, Coulomb model was incorporated into the analysis as the interfacial friction condition between the forming tool and the sheet metal. The punch stretching of a circular blank with a hemispherical punch was first analyzed to examine the validity of the developed finite element code. It was found that the computed solutions were consistent with the existing axisymmetric punch stretching results. Then the solutions were obtained for non-symmetric sheet metal forming problem of punch stretching of a rectangular strip with a hemispherical punch.
Group 17 Elements: Halogens

The halogens, with the exception of Astatine, form diatomic molecules. Fluorine has a monoclinic crystal structure, while Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine are orthorhombic in nature. In this study we present calculations of hypothetical cubic structures of the Halogens for the purpose of making comparisons with the neighboring 16th and 18th columns of the periodic table. They are all predicted as metals in these hypothetical structures with ground states: sc for F, bcc for Cl and Br, and fcc for I and At.
Liquid chromatographic determination of para-toluenesulfonamide in edible fillet tissues from three species of fish.

Chloramine-T (N-sodium-N-chloro-p-toluene-sulfonamide) is a candidate therapeutic drug for treating bacterial gill disease, a predominant disease of a variety of fish species. Research has been initiated to obtain the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval for the use of chloramine-T on a variety of fish species. An attribute of a therapeutic aquaculture drug that must be characterized before the FDA approves its use is depletion of the drug's marker residue (the drug's parent compound or metabolite of highest concentration in an edible tissue). para-Toluenesulfonamide (p-TSA) is the primary degradation product and marker residue for chloramine-T in rainbow trout. To conduct residue depletion studies for chloramine-T in fish, a robust analytical method sensitive and specific for p-TSA residues in edible fillet tissue from a variety of fish was required. Homogenized fillet tissues from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), walleye (Stizostedion vitreum), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were fortified at nominal p-TSA concentrations of 17, 67, 200, 333, and 1000 ng/g. Samples were analyzed by isocratic reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) with absorbance detection at 226 nm. Mean recoveries of p-TSA ranged from 77 to 93.17%; relative standard deviations ranged from 1.5 to 14%; method quantitation limits ranged from 13 to 18 ng/g; and method detection limits ranged from 3.8 to 5.2 ng/g. The LC parameters produced p-TSA peaks without coelution of endogenous compounds and excluded chromatographic interference from at least 20 chemicals and drugs of potential use in aquaculture.
Reporting Conclusions, Diagnoses, and Recommendations

Rule VI-01: In drawing conclusions about the examinee’s condition, be mindful of the distinction between “impairment,” which implies that there has been a decline from a previous level of functioning, and “deficit,” which implies only that ability in that particular domain is lacking.
In-vivo and ex-vivo renal preservation. Preliminary observations.

A new renal perfusate of modified intracellular electrolyte composition made hyperosmolar with mannitol and requiring no additional additives was successfully used to preserve canine kidneys “ex-vivo” for 48 hours by initial perfusion and hypothermic storage. The new perfusate was also successful in protecting totally ischemic canine kidneys from the lethal effect of two-hours of normothermic exposure “in-vivo”. — The preservation technique is uncomplicated, the materials involved are inexpensive, and the preservation apparatus is readily transportable.
MAPINS, a Highly Efficient Detection Method That Identifies Insertional Mutations and Complex DNA Rearrangements

Insertional mutagenesis, in which a piece of exogenous DNA is integrated randomly into the genomic DNA of the recipient cell, is a useful method to generate new mutants with phenotypes of interest. The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is an outstanding model for studying many biological processes. We developed a new computational algorithm, MAPINS (mapping insertions), to efficiently identify insertion sites created by the integration of an APHVIII (aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase VIII) cassette that confers paromomycin resistance. Using whole-genome sequencing data, this method eliminates the need for genomic DNA manipulation and retains all the sequencing information provided by paired-end sequencing. We experimentally verified 38 insertion sites out of 41 sites (93%) identified by MAPINS from 20 paromomycin-resistant strains. Using meiotic analysis of 18 of these strains, we identified insertion sites that completely cosegregate with paromomycin resistance. In six of the seven strains with a mutant phenotype, we demonstrated complete cosegregation of the mutant phenotype and the verified insertion site. In addition, we provide direct evidence of complex rearrangements of genomic DNA in five strains, three of which involve the APHVIII insertion site. We suggest that strains obtained by insertional mutagenesis are more complicated than expected from previous analyses in Chlamydomonas To map the locations of some complex insertions, we designed 49 molecular markers based on differences identified via whole-genome sequencing between wild-type strains CC-124 and CC-125. Overall, MAPINS provides a low-cost, efficient method to characterize insertional mutants in Chlamydomonas.
Intrinsic anion diffusivity in lead halide perovskites is facilitated by a soft lattice

Facile ionic transport in lead halide perovskites plays a critical role in device performance. Understanding the microscopic origins of high ionic conductivities has been complicated by indirect measurements and sample microstructural heterogeneities. Here, we report the direct visualization of halide anion interdiffusion in CsPbCl3–CsPbBr3 single crystalline perovskite nanowire heterojunctions using wide-field and confocal photoluminescence measurements. The combination of nanoscale imaging techniques with these single crystalline materials allows us to measure intrinsic anionic lattice diffusivities, free from complications of microscale inhomogeneity. Halide diffusivities were found to be between 10−13 and ∼10−12 cm2/second at about 100 °C, which are several orders of magnitudes lower than those reported in polycrystalline thin films. Spatially resolved photoluminescence lifetimes and surface potential measurements provide evidence of the central role of halide vacancies in facilitating ionic diffusion. Vacancy formation free energies computed from molecular simulation are small due to the easily deformable perovskite lattice, accounting for the high equilibrium vacancy concentration. Furthermore, molecular simulations suggest that ionic motion is facilitated by low-frequency lattice modes, resulting in low activation barriers for vacancy-mediated transport. This work elucidates the intrinsic solid-state ion diffusion mechanisms in this class of semisoft materials and offers guidelines for engineering materials with long-term stability in functional devices.
Wealth Neutral Grants for Public Education

This article assesses wealth neutral grants within the traditional framework of the fiscal federalism. Discussions of the concept of fiscal equality or District Power Equalization (DPE) have centered largley on local control, and have defined equity as a problem of the comparison of local jurisdictions. The individual resident and the state government lie on either side of the locality in terms of collective decision-making, yet the perspective of neither of these sides has been adequately considered in past studies. These grants can cause substantial redefinitions of revenue responsibilities among various levels of government; they do far less than is commonly assumed to provide horizontal equity; and they do not relieve problems of location bias. We find that none of these problems, either individually or collectively, constitute an indictment of these grants, but their careful consideration offers a more balanced view of DPE than any yet offered
Synthesis of HKI 0231B.

The total synthesis of HKI 0231B (1b) was completed in 12 linear steps and 15.6% overall yield. An unusual anionic cyclization provided access to intermediate 61 and the embedded benz[cd]indol-3-(1...
Epidemiological analysis of 279 pesticide poisoning cases and quality assessment of direct network report system.

[Objective] To analyze epidemiologically pesticide poisoning cases in Tiantai County,Zhejiang Province and assess the work of direct network reporting.[Methods] In accordance with the"Occupational Hazards Monitoring and Quality Assessment Program of Network Reporting Work in Zhejiang Province",the reporting rate of pesticide poisoning and the quality of reporting work were assessed and the situation of pesticide poisoning was epidemiologically analyzed.[Results] Through the survey,pesticide poisoning in this region was not job-related,but mainly related to suicide from different reasons.The number of cases in women was more than that in men.The reporting rate of pesticide poisoning in the county was 96.06%,98.21% of the reports checked in time,the late reporting rate was 10.04%,and the rate of failing to report was 94%.[Conclusion] The information platform of network reporting system is a direct and main reflection of pesticide poisoning.With this platform,the pesticide poisoning reporting work has achieved remarkable results.In order to prevent pesticide poisoning more effectively,to strengthen the standardized management of network report system is important for improving reporting capability.
A Fully Pipelined FPGA Accelerator for Scale Invariant Feature Transform Keypoint Descriptor Matching

Abstract The scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm is considered a classical feature extraction algorithm within the field of computer vision. SIFT keypoint descriptor matching is a computationally intensive process due to the amount of data consumed. In this work, we designed a novel fully pipelined hardware accelerator architecture for SIFT keypoint descriptor matching. The accelerator core was implemented and tested on a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The proposed hardware architecture is able to properly handle the memory bandwidth necessary for a fully-pipelined implementation and hits the roofline performance model, achieving the potential maximum throughput. The fully pipelined matching architecture was designed based on the consine angle distance method. Our architecture was optimized for 16-bit fixed-point operations and implemented on hardware using a Xilinx Zynq-based FPGA development board. Our proposed architecture shows a noticeable reduction of area resources compared with its counterparts in literature, while maintaining high throughput by alleviating memory bandwidth restrictions. The results show a reduction in consumed device resources of up to 91% in LUTs and 79% of BRAMs. Our hardware implementation is 15.7 × faster than the comparable software approach.
Removal of Scanner Effects in Covariance Improves Multivariate Pattern Analysis in Neuroimaging Data

1 Abstract To acquire larger samples for answering complex questions in neuroscience, researchers have increasingly turned to multi-site neuroimaging studies. However, these studies are hindered by differences in images acquired across different scanners, so-called scanner effects, in the raw images and derived measurements. These effects have been shown to bias comparison between scanners, mask biologically meaningful associations, and even introduce spurious associations. To address this, the field has focused on harmonizing data via removing the scanner differences in mean and variance of measurements. Contemporaneously with the increase in popularity of multi-center imaging, the use of multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA), which refers to machine learning and multivariate statistical techniques for group comparisons or predictive modeling, has also become commonplace. These approaches have been shown to provide improved sensitivity, specificity, and power due to their modeling the joint relationship across measurements in the brain. In this work, we demonstrate that these currently available methods for removing site effects are inherently insufficient for MVPA. This stems from the fact that no currently available harmonization approach has addressed how correlations between measurements can vary across sites. Using the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset, we show that considerable differences in covariance exist across sites, and that the state-of-the-art harmonization techniques do not address this issue. We also propose a novel methodology that harmonizes covariance of multivariate image measurements across sites and demonstrate its improved performance in data harmonization, which further facilitates more power for detection of clinically relevant associations.
“They will not automatically benefit”: The politics of infrastructure development in Laos's Northern Economic Corridor

Abstract At a time when the shortcomings of neoliberal development are well known, China's Belt and Road Initiative offers both an opportunity and a requirement to revisit the question of a more inclusive, equitable approach to infrastructure development. This article examines the case of the Northern Economic Corridor, a highway-centered regional trade corridor constructed through northwestern Laos in the early-mid 2000s that was co-financed by the Asian Development Bank and the governments of China and Thailand, and that has been subsequently included in the BRI as one of a group of regional corridors following the historical trajectories of the Silk Road. By examining the discursive politics of infrastructure's formal geography – and focusing on the practices that manage how publicly funded projects address predictable, negative impacts – this paper engages with emerging research on the BRI, wider scholarship on infrastructure, and the political geography of transnational development cooperation and financing at multiple scales. Specifically, I show how vulnerable populations were excluded from the protections of infrastructure mitigation along an early BRI project, and use this to argue that scholars, community advocates, infrastructure planners, financiers, regulators and others engaged with the BRI and other new infrastructure initiatives should rethink established conventions that demote the attention paid to “indirect” impacts. I highlight the arena of formal-geographic mitigation planning as a key field of engagement in the struggle to make new infrastructure live up to expectations about inclusive and equitable development.
U-Slot Dual-band Frequency Reconfigurable Patch Antenna Tuned With Commercial Ferroelectric BST capacitors.

A U-slot dual-band frequency reconfigurable patch antenna is presented in this paper. The resonant frequencies of the antenna before loading with varactors are 1.3 GHz and 2.4 GHz. The tunability is achieved using p-n varactors and ferroelectric tunable capacitors. It is found that individual tuning for both frequency bands is possible depending on the capacitor position. The maximum tuning range achieved for the first band is 600 MHz and the same for the second band is 422 MHz. The minimum and maximum gain values for the lower band are found to be 4.25 dBi and 4.95 dBi, respectively. Similarly, for the upper band, those values are obtained as 6.77 dBi and 7 dBi, respectively.
Sex Differences in the Massively Transfused Trauma Patient.

INTRODUCTION Recent studies have suggested the female hypercoaguable state may have a protective effect in trauma. However, whether this hypercoagulable profile confers a survival benefit in massively transfused trauma patients has yet to be determined. We hypothesized that females would have better outcomes than males after traumatic injury that required massive transfusion protocol (MTP). PATIENTS AND METHODS All trauma patients who underwent MTP at an urban, level 1, academic trauma center were reviewed from November 2007 to October 2018. Female MTP patients were compared to their male counterparts. RESULTS There were a total of 643 trauma patients undergoing MTP. Of these, 90 (13.8%) were female and 563 (86.2%) were male. Presenting blood pressure, heart rate, shock index, and injury severity score (ISS) were not significantly different. Overall mortality and incidence of venous thromboembolism were similar. Complication profile and hospital stay were similar. On logistic regression, female sex was not associated with survival (HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.56-1.92, P = 0.91). Variables associated with mortality included age (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.05-1.09, P = 0.03) and ISS (HR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.05-1.09, P < 0.001). Increasing Glascow Coma Scale was associated with survival (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.82-0.89, P < 0.001). On subset analysis, premenopausal women (age < 50) did not have a survival advantage in comparison with similar aged males (HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.36-1.28, P = 0.24). DISCUSSION Sex differences in coagulation profile do not result in a survival advantage for females when MTP is required.