cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hyperthermia treatment advances for brain tumors

Hyperthermia therapy (HT) of cancer is a well-known treatment approach. With the advent of new technologies, HT approaches are now important for the treatment of brain tumors. We review current clinical applications of HT in neuro-oncology and ongoing preclinical research aiming to advance HT approaches to clinical practice. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is currently the most widely utilized thermal ablation approach in clinical practice mainly for the treatment of recurrent or deep-seated tumors in the brain. Magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT), which relies on the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and alternating magnetic fields (AMFs), is a new quite promising HT treatment approach for brain tumors. Initial MHT clinical studies in combination with fractionated radiation therapy (RT) in patients have been completed in Europe with encouraging results. Another combination treatment with HT that warrants further investigation is immunotherapy. HT approaches for brain tumors will continue to a play an important role in neuro-oncology.
Chiral and Spatially Tailored Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum

We show that two-layer photonic crystal slabs with chiral perturbations yield Fano resonances with controllable amplitude and phase, and demonstrate devices with spatially tailored dark modes that anomalously reflect light with controllable diffraction efficiency.
The Geology of Survival: Thinking Historically about Technology and Politics in the Anthropocene

It is tempting to sort responses to the recognition of planetary change along old lines, as contests between romantic naturalists and Promethean technologists. Today, instead, we face a growing 'survivalist' response without an articulated opposition, figured Planetary Boundaries and ‘insurance’ like climate geoengineering. Pushing back against the novelty that drives calls for climate geoengineering, I summarize traits shared between survivalists and theorists of the Anthropocene, including globalizing threats, reliance on worst-case predictions, the reevaluation of old moral limits, and the reduction environmental crisis to technocratic problem-solving. Finally, I show that our era lacks the suspicion of technology that accompanied the nuclear example used by the survivalists, making calls for technocracy and global experiments more tempting than when they first populated best-seller lists. The Anthropocene may be new but, in contrast to survivalist discourse, history is still a source of critical insight for the construction of the new world it foretells.
Special report of the RSNA COVID-19 task force: systematic review of outcomes associated with COVID-19 neuroimaging findings in hospitalized patients.

Objective:We reviewed the literature to describe outcomes associated with abnormal neuroimaging findings among adult COVID-19 patients.Methods:We performed a systematic literature review using PubM...
Intestinal virome and therapeutic potential of bacteriophages in liver disease

Summary Humans harbour a large quantity of microbes in the intestinal tract and have evolved symbiotic relationships with many of them. However, several specific bacterial pathobionts are associated with liver disease pathogenesis. Although bacteriophages (phages) and eukaryotic viruses (collectively known as “the virome”) outnumber bacteria and fungi in the intestine, little is known about the intestinal virome in patients with liver disease. As natural predators of bacteria, phages can precisely edit the bacterial microbiota. Hence, there is interest in using them to target bacterial pathobionts in several diseases, including those of the liver. Herein, we will summarise changes in the faecal virome associated with fatty liver diseases and cirrhosis, and describe the therapeutic potential of phages and potential challenges to their clinical application.
Pottery figurines from central Arizona

THIRTY YEARS AGO, the late J. W. Simmons, then a resident of Prescott, Arizona, made an archaeological collection near that city. This work produced an unusually large number of prehistoric clay figurines, some 400 in all. The Simmons collection was purchased in 1933 by Gila Pueblo. In 1951, the Gila Pueblo collection, including the Simmons materials, were transferred to the Arizona State Museum where they are now located. This report is a summary of a study of the Simmons collection, presented in 1958 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the M.A. degree at the University of Arizona. Special emphasis is placed on the description of the figurines and their significance in Southwestern prehistory. In Mexico clay figurines have been the subject for a number of intensive studies. Their abundance, wide geographic distribution, long pre-Columbian history, and varied typology, have made them significant culture and horizon indicators. In the Southwest, although figurines are widespread, they are much less common than in Mexico. Moreover, they fall far short of those from Mexico in time depth and style variation. As a consequence, with one exception (Morss 1954), the figurines from Southwestern ruins have received little more than passing notice. The Simmons collection, which is accompanied by excavation notes, provides a remarkably good opportunity to examine a localized and intensive expression of the figurine complex. A large majority of the figurines, approximately 340, were found in the vicinity of Groom Creek Divide, within the Bradshaw Mountain 1 rectangle of the Gila Pueblo archaeological survey. This mountainous area (Fig. 1, shaded portion) is a pine woodlands region a few miles south of Prescott, where scattered house and village sites are found at elevations ranging from 5000 to 7000 feet. The figurines were found in abundance in the area bisected by Groom Creek. Simmons named 11
The structure of subtilisin Novo.

The amino acid composition of subtilisin Novo has been determined. The compositions of all of the 14 expected tryptic peptides from subtilisin Novo were obtained or deduced. A total of 281 residues was found by analysis of the protein, in good agreement with the total of 275 residues in the expected 14 tryptic peptides. The amino acid compositions and peptide maps of the tryptic peptides from subtilisin Novo and subtilisin BPN' were identical. It is concluded that the proteins are probably identical.
A TALE OF TWO RIVERS

The what? Yes, that's right, the Merrimack, and an important river it was, too, in its day. Theodore Steinberg's1 fascinating new book is one of a growing number of environmental histories, following the trail marked out in such wonderful studies as William Cronon's Changes in the Land2 about the New England colonies' evolving environment, or Arthur McEvoy's The Fisherman's Problem3 on the succession of fishing ecologies of California. In the Merrimack, Steinberg has located exactly the right river to take up the environmental issues lurking behind early nineteenth-century industrial development. For infrastructure fans like this reviewer, Nature Incorporated will be a tremendously exciting book, full of news about such things as flashboards and fishladders and water company organization. Even to less fervid devourers of this kind of information, the book will clearly send a message about why the Merrimack is still important: it provides an objective lesson on what can happen to the surrounding environment when people set out to develop just one natural resource and do not think about the others. In the case of the Merrimack, that resource was water power. Most of Steinberg's book concerns the way the Merrimack was effectively colonized by a group of New England entrepreneurs known collectively as Boston Associates, who were primarily interested in the
Comparison of Membrane Protein Glycopeptides of Sindbis Virus and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

A comparison has been made of the membrane glycoproteins and glycopeptides from two enveloped viruses, Sindbis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Glycopeptides isolated from Sindbis virus and VSV grown in the same host appear to differ principally in the number of sialic acid residues per glycopeptide; when sialic acid is removed by mild acid treatment, the glycopeptides of the two viral proteins are indistinguishable by exclusion chromatography. Preliminary evidence argues that the carbohydrate moiety covalently bound to different virus-specified membrane proteins may be specified principally by the host.
Web site usability: A case study of student perceptions of educational web sites

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. May 2010. Major: Education, Curriculum and Instruction. Advisor: Professor Judith J. Lambrecht. 1 computer file (PDF); xiv, 391 pages, appendices A-G.
Color controllable polarization entanglement generation in optical fiber at telecommunication wavelengths

This article proposes a polarized entangled photon source in optical fiber with low Raman noise that features the controllable generation of specific signal and idler wavelengths (colors) by varying the pump power. The novel two color source can provide needed telecom entangled photon wavelengths for applications in quantum communications, quantum computing, and quantum imaging.
Ordinary Objects and Series‐Style Answers to the Special Composition Question

The special composition question asks, roughly, under what conditions composition occurs. The common sense view is that composition only occurs among some things and that all and only ‘ordinary objects’ exist. Peter van Inwagen has marshaled a devastating argument against this view. The common sense view appears to commit one to giving what van Inwagen calls a ‘series-style answer’ to the special composition question, but van Inwagen argues that series-style answers are impossible because they are inconsistent with the transitivity of parthood. In what follows I answer this objection in addition to other, less troubling objections raised by van Inwagen.
How Did We Get Here? Where Are We Going? Hopes and Gaps in Access to Oral Health Care

This article reviews the history and future good of acceptance ethics and helps frame the publication of papers presented at the workshop on Professional Promises: Hopes and Gaps in Access to Oral Health Care. Discovery and development of Universal Patient Acceptance (UPA), a practical application of acceptance ethics, is key to systematizing access to oral health; UPA expands partnerships among professional volunteerism, culture, and economic structures. A Veterans’ Administration health services preventive dentistry research project and a West Virginia school children’s preventive dental program raised awareness of acceptance. A state insurance crisis revealed an underlying systems ethics problem that was not purely legal, political, educational, economic, or scientific in nature. Key players were identified for dialogue, and questions were ranked. UPA was articulated and proposed as a unique, practical, and positive professional promise. The experience involved PEDNET, a dental ethics education group. An intensive applied dental ethics course for practicing dentists was developed; it attracted the American College of Dentists (ACD) and American Dental Association (ADA). Annual ACD LeaderSkills helped expand continuing education of ethics; several dental ethics summits were initiated. Concepts like discourse, adequate care, and viewing organizations as both persons and machines motivated further exploration of acceptance. Separating acceptance from diagnosis, treatment, and payment improves discourse on the various philosophical notions and practical applications that dominate each area.
The semimembranosus-tibial collateral ligament bursa. Anatomical study and magnetic resonance imaging

A bursa that was deep to the tibial collateral ligament and adjacent to the semimembranosus tendon was studied in fifty cadaveric knees; a vinyl solution was injected into four of the specimens in order to facilitate a study of the relationship between the bursa and its surrounding structures. The bursa had the shape of an inverted U: the superficial arm was an elliptical pocket that was located between the semimembranosus tendon and the tibial collateral ligament, and the deep arm was a triangular pocket that was located between the semimembranosus tendon and the medial tibial condyle. The bursa measured, on the average, twenty-one millimeters in its greatest anteroposterior dimension and ten millimeters in its greatest superoinferior dimension. Magnetic resonance images were made of two patients, and they showed fluid in the bursa.
Ferritin stimulation of a monokine inhibitor of lipopolysaccharide-augmented myelopoiesis is ferroxidase dependent.

Abstract Ferritin inhibition of myelopoiesis has been associated with intrinsic ferroxidase activity of heavy-chain ferritin and with production of a monokine inhibitor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-augmented monocytopoiesis. We report here that intrinsic ferroxidase activity of heavy-chain ferritin is required for stimulated production of the monokine inhibitor of LPS-augmented monocytopoiesis.
Dietary cholesterol and activity of enzymes hydrolyzing and synthesizing cholesterol ester in pancreatic juice of rats

Cholesterol-Esterifizierung und Hydrolyse des Cholesteryl oleates wurden im Pankreassaft von Ratten bestimmt, deren eine Gruppe mit einer Diat ohne Cholesterol, deren andere mit 2% Cholesterol gefuttert wurden. Es konnten keine Unterschiede zwischen den zwei Versuchsgruppen beobachtet werden.
ESEEM measurements with time-resolved detection of the entire ESE signal shape.

In this work we discuss the extension of electron spin-echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) measurements to the additional time dimension, the spin-echo coordinate. The time-resolved acquisition of the entire spin-echo signal shape retains information on the dependence of the ESEEM amplitude on the position within the ESE signal. Therefore, not only can such acquisition be completely substituted for the boxcar integration in ESEEM measurements, but it can also improve the performance of the ESEEM experiments in terms of obtaining correct modulation amplitudes and a better signal/noise ratio. Implementing such an acquisition in pulse-adjustable ESEEM measurements transforms these techniques into routine and convenient experiments used to increase the modulation amplitude.
The effect of anteroapical aneurysm plication on end-systolic three-dimensional strain in the sheep: a magnetic resonance imaging tagging study.

Objectives Although repair of left ventricular aneurysm has been extensively studied, its effect on regional ventricular function remains unclear. The primary goal of this study was to quantify the effect of anteroapical aneurysm plication on systolic deformation in noninfarcted adjacent (border zone) and remote left ventricular regions in sheep. Methods Eight sheep underwent anteroapical myocardial infarction (25% of left ventricular mass). Ten weeks later, animals underwent aneurysm plication. Two and 6 weeks after this operation, animals underwent magnetic resonance imaging with tissue tagging in multiple short-axis and long-axis slices. Fully 3-dimensional strain analyses were performed. All 6 end-systolic strain components were compared at midwall in the border zone of the aneurysm or repair and in regions 1 cm, 2 cm, and 3 cm below the valves. Results Circumferential shortening progressively increases from before plication to 2 weeks after plication to 6 weeks after plication toward the border zone. The effect on circumferential shortening is most pronounced in the anterior wall and septum. The biggest change is from 2 to 6 weeks after plication (from 4.3% to 11.3% in anterior wall, P Conclusions Repair of left ventricular aneurysm significantly increases systolic circumferential shortening at the border zone in sheep.
Making sense of women as career self-agents: Implications for human resource development

In this article, we explore the shifting career paradigm of managerial women in the United States, what it may indicate for the broader professional workforce, and human resource development's (HRD's) role in supporting that change. We examine the literature on evolving career definitions, women's place in that evolution, the rising use of flexible work arrangements (FWAs), and the evolving work goals of women. Findings from our survey of 389 managerial women indicate that they are using FWAs as support mechanisms to enable them to enact their career goals and stay in the workforce. We invite HRD professionals to interpret women's career choices as a signal that the conventional career model with its attending organizational practices and culture is outdated and no longer meets the needs of today's managerial women and of the U.S. workforce in general. We recommend actions HRD professionals can take to move their organization's culture to one that supports career self-agency as a way of attracting and retaining critical talent in the 21st century.
Variational principle in dynamics of a vortex filament

A variational principle governing the dynamics of a vortex filament in unbounded incompressible inviscid fluid flow was suggested by Rasetti and Regge [Physica A 80, 217 (1975)]. This variational principle holds in the approximation taking into account the logarithmically large terms, on the order of ln(La) , L and a being the length and the cross-section radius of the filament, respectively. In this approximation, the Hamiltonian is a function of L . Accordingly, the filament length L is constant in the course of motion. In this paper, a variational principle is obtained that takes into account also the terms on the order of unity. A characteristic feature of the more precise theory is the evolution of the filament length. The variational principle of the vortex filament dynamics is derived from the variational principle for the arbitrary vortex motion of an incompressible inviscid fluid found recently.
Standing on a Bridge: Rescuing Economies From Economists

This essays considers what it would mean --and some of the kinds of work and inquiry it would demand --for scholars in cultural studies to take economies and economics seriously and to integrate su...
The rheology of suspensions and its relation to phenomenological theories for non-newtonian fluids

Abstract Theoretical results from the field of suspension rheology are studied in the general context of nonlinear continuum mechanics, in order to extract information regarding the formulation of a phenomenological stress relation to model non-Newtonian fluids. The constitutive equations obtained for dilute suspensions of solid ellipsoids, elastic spheres and liquid droplets are shown to conform to a single phenomenological model first proposed by Hand, which emerges as an equation with considerable physical basis and potential usefulness. Furthermore, in all of the above three cases, certain coefficients in Hand's equation are found to retain the same sign. This result may apply more generally and possibly have some interesting implications.
Stressful Life Events and the Perpetration of Adolescent Dating Abuse

Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that stressful life events are associated with the perpetration of intimate partner violence among adults, but little attention has been given to the relationship between stressful life events and adolescent dating abuse, a prevalent form of violence that results in serious and long-lasting consequences. The current study addresses this gap by examining associations between family-, peer-, school-, and health-related stressful life events and the perpetration of both psychological and physical forms of dating abuse in a sample of 1,125 adolescents (54.6% female, 18% Black), and determining whether these associations are moderated by attributes of the family (closeness to parent) and the adolescent (sex and self-esteem). The total number of stressful events and school-related events were positively associated with the perpetration of psychological dating abuse and family-related events were related to the perpetration of psychological dating abuse for boys, but not girls. Closeness to parent buffered the effect of stressful health-related events on the perpetration of physical dating abuse, but exacerbated the effect of stressful family-related events on the perpetration of physical dating abuse. Health-related events were associated with physical perpetration for those with high, but not low self-esteem. Finally, the total number of stressful events and family-related events were related to the perpetration of physical dating abuse by boys, but not by girls. Taken together, these findings suggest that stressful life events play an important role in adolescent dating abuse, and should be taken into consideration when developing adolescent dating abuse prevention programs.
Early Christian Identity Formation: From Ethnicity and Theology to Socio-Narrative Criticism

In this article, the author traces four trajectories in which early Christian identity formation has been studied in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: ethnicity, theology, social-scientific, ...
Multi-trichomous cyanobacterial microfossils from the Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation, China: Paleoecological and taxonomic implications

Abstract Populations of the multi-trichomous microbial fossil Eoschizothrix composita n.gen. et sp. are preserved in growth position in silicified stratiform stromatolites of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation, Hebei Province, northern China. The microbial fossils consist predominantly of preserved sheaths, although several specimens retain shriveled remains of trichomes within sheaths. Comparisons with modern morphological counterparts, including shape, growth habit and orientation, degradational sequences, and habitat, support the interpretation of the multi-trichomous microfossils as cyanobacteria, which acted as frame-builders of ancient stromatolites. The distribution and orientation of multi-trichomous microfossils within a synsedimentary context reveal their behavioral responses to sedimentation regime. Horizontally spread, interwoven mats formed during periods of sedimentary stasis. During periods of rapid sediment influx, the filaments assumed an upright orientation, possibly to avoid accumulating particles. This is the first record of fossil stromatolite-building multi-trichomous cyanobacterial which underscores early morphological and functional diversification in cyanobacterial evolution.
X-ray pulses from globular clusters

GIANT X-ray pulses have been observed recently by several groups1–7 from sources located in a number of celestial positions. Two of these sources may plausibly be identified with the globular cluster X-ray sources: NGC6624 and NGC1851. In several cases2,7 the pulses seem to occur in approximately periodic sequences; in other sources the intervals are irregular, but in one case there is a relation between pulse strength and interpulse interval. The non-burst behaviour of globular cluster X-ray sources has been interpreted8,9 in terms of massive (≳ 103M⊙) black holes powered by accretion from a disk supplied by cluster gas. We suggest here that compact stars bound to the central massive black hole and orbiting through the accretion disk may produce, by several possible mechanisms, giant pulses. These pulses might be expected to exhibit a variety of types of X-ray behaviour corresponding to the uncertain characteristics (for example, density and spatial extent) of the individual accretion disks at the different points at which the orbits of the bound compact stars intersect the disks. We note that there may be more than one class of sources of giant X-ray bursts and that our speculation refers only to those sources in globular clusters.
PHENOMENON OF LOCAL SKIN REACTIVITY TO BACTERIAL FILTRATES IN ITS RELATION TO BACTERIAL HYPERSENSITIVENESS

The observations reported in this paper demonstrate that the intravascular interaction of bacterial and animal protein antigens with homologous antibodies at the site of a tissue made vulnerable by bacterial filtrates induces prompt severe hemorrhagic necrosis in this tissue. In the light of these observations there is offered an explanation of the mechanism underlying focal and skin bacterial hypersensitiveness.
Observations on hepatic histology and function in alcoholic dogs.

Six dogs were administered excessive quantities of ethanol daily through an esophagostomy, for periods ranging from 10 to 18 months. Ethanol levels of venous blood after alcohol was administered ranged from 315 to 477 mg%. Animals were fed a balanced diet. Serial biopsy specimens of the liver revealed fatty metamorphosis in 4 of 6 dogs, as well as degenerative changes of the hepatocytes, including eosinophilic hyaline bodies, cellular necrosis, infiltration with polymorphonuclear leukocytes and centrolobular fibrosis. These histologic alterations of the liver are comparable to those observed in patients with alcoholic hepatitis or alcoholic liver disease other than cirrhosis. In 3 control dogs, there were no changes in hepatic function or in the histologic appearance of the liver. Liver function abnormalities which developed included elevations of serum alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, and decreased serum albumin levels. The present investigation indicates that daily administration of excessive amounts of ethanol over a prolonged period can produce hepatic lesions similar to those observed in human alcoholic liver disease.
Inquiry method effects on performance in a simulated business environment

Abstract The dialectical inquiry (DI) and devil's advocate (DA) techniques have been offered as two options for providing information to the decision maker. Several prior studies have not resolved the relative advantages between these two “inquiry methods.” This paper reports two studies that involve a business simulation task and an inquiry method manipulation. In the first study with student subjects as decision makers, the DA advice was more useful than the DI advice in a situation wherein plant and work force expansions were frequent. In the second study with experienced managers, very few expansion decisions were made, and the nature of DA or DI advice made no significant difference. Instead, a recommendation to engage in a high profit margin, low volume strategy proved useful in some conditions.
Tubal surgery vs in vitro fertilization for the treatment of infertility due to distal tubal occlusion.

Background: The optimal treatment of infertility due to tubal occlusion has not been established. Many practitioners feel that the success of tubal repair exceeds that of in vitro fertilization (IVF); however, previous studies of pregnancy after tubal surgery have been limited by bias in patient selection, follow-up, or surgical expertise. The purpose of the present study was to determine the outcome after repair of distal tubal occlusion performed by experienced surgeons in an unselected patient population with consistent follow-up.Design: Chart review with telephone contact of patients lost to follow-up.Methods: The records of all tubal surgery performed between 1989 and 1996 at the University of Alabama Hospital and The Kirklin Clinic outpatient surgery facility were reviewed. All women with infertility due to distal tubal occlusion, with or without pelvic adhesions, who had no other significant infertility factors were included for study. Details of the infertility history, operative procedure, and postoperative course were recorded. Patients lost to follow-up within 1 year after surgery were contacted by telephone for information regarding subsequent testing and treatment and pregnancy outcome.Results: Eighty-three women aged 19-39 years met the entry criteria for this study. Follow-up of at least 1 year was obtained in all but 11 patients. Tubal surgery was accomplished by laparotomy in 19 women; 64 women underwent tubal repair by laparoscopy. Within 1 year of surgery, 9 hysterosalpingograms, 51 clomiphene cycles, and 20 gonadotropin cycles were performed on the study group. Pregnancy was achieved within 1 year in 13 women; of these, there were 6 live births (9.6% birth rate per surgery), 2 spontaneous abortions, and 3 ectopic pregnancies. There were no live births among women who underwent tubal repair by laparotomy. None of the postoperative gonadotropin cycles resulted in pregnancy. Seven women underwent IVF within 1 year after surgery because of extensive tubal damage noted at surgery. Based on current charges for the infertility treatments performed, the cost of a live birth with tubal surgery exceeded $120,000, versus less than $50,000 per live birth with IVF using results obtained nationally or at UAB.Conclusions: The cost-effectiveness of reconstructive surgery in unselected patients with distal tubal occlusion is less than that of IVF. Empiric use of gonadotropins for ovarian stimulation does not improve pregnancy rates after tubal surgery. In our series, laparoscopic tubal repair seemed to give results superior to that of laparotomy.
X-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of Pt-Re: Al2O3 catalysts: A comparison

Adding a modifier to a supported metal catalyst may (1) alter the electronic structure of the primary metal (ligand effect), (2) reduce the number of adjacent primary metal surface atoms (ensemble effect) or (3) contribute an additional, more or less separate activity (multifunctionality). Pt-Re: Al2O3 illustrates that the extent to which each or all of these contribute is not easily resolved. Modern spectroscopic characterization techniques ought to unambiguously determine the valence state and local atomic environment of the metals. For an ensemble effect, the Re should be zero valent and adjacent to Pt; for a ligand effect, it should at least be adjacent to Pt; for multifunctionality, it need have none of these. We have applied XPS and XAS following in-situ reduction to commercial type Pt-Re: Al2O3 catalysts reference materials. All results show that Pt0 and Re4+ are the dominant species after reduction. Taken together, these findings support the notion that Pt-Re: Al2O3 is multifunctional.
Assessing the Effects of Voluntary Youth Service: The Case of Teach for America

We use survey data from all accepted applicants to Teach for America 1993-98 to assess the longer-term effect of youth service on participants' current civic attitudes and behaviors. While TFA "graduates" score higher than the two comparison groups–"dropouts" and "non-matriculants"–on a broad range of attitudinal items measuring civic commitment, these differences appear to be less a byproduct of the TFA experience than a reflection of current involvement with the TFA organization. Moreover, the attitudinal differences are not reflected in actual civic behavior. Specifically, graduates lag behind non-matriculants in current service activity and generally trail both non-matriculants and drop-outs in self-reported participation in five other forms of civic/ political activity measured in the study. Graduates also vote at lower rates than the other two groups. Finally, fewer graduates report employment in "pro-social" jobs than either non-matriculants or drop-outs. We close by speculating on what mechanisms may help explain variation in the long-term effects of youth service or activist experiences.
Interaction of Plasmons and Optical Phonons in Degenerate Semiconductors

The coupling between plasmons and polar phonons in a degenerate semiconductor is studied starting from an electron-phonon Hamiltonian which is valid in the long-wavelength limit. A truncated form of the Hamiltonian proves to be a good approximation near the crossover point of the uncoupled modes; and expressions for the phonon strengths and the sum rules are very simply derived from it. Plasmon damping is introduced phenomenologically and its effect on the behavior of the coupled modes is investigated. Model calculations of the effect of damping on the dispersion curves and reflectivity are made for the case of the degenerate semiconductor GaSb.
Analysis of GEM-3 data collected for the advanced UXO detection/discrimination technology demonstration: U.S. Army Jefferson Proving Ground, Madison, Indiana

This paper analyzes the UXO classification capabilities of the GEM-3 using data collected for the Advanced UXO Detection/Discrimination Technology Demonstration at the U.S. Army Jefferson Proving Ground (JPG), Madison, Indiana. The approach taken in the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) analysis of the performance of the GEM-3 at JPG was to extract data points collected near each of the actual target locations and compare them to the calibration data acquired with known targets at the beginning of the demonstration. This was done to determine how well the data collected near each actual target matched the calibration signatures for the same ordnance type and the extent to which the data could be differentiated from other ordnance types and non-ordnance clutter. Classification of the targets was performed using a simple template-matching algorithm. This procedure resulted in an exact classification match for nearly half of the targets for which calibration data were available and a match to a similarly sized target for more than two-thirds of the medium and large targets. The sensor coverage of the test areas and the effect of test parameters such as ordnance size and depth on classification performance were also examined. New data were acquired with the GEM-3 to investigate the statistical variability of the instrument.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Effect of Environmental Temperature and Sodium Intake on 22Na Retention

Abstract A total of 60 broiler-type birds three weeks of age were divided into two groups and acclimated for three weeks at either 8° or 30° C. Twenty birds from each environment were fed conventional broiler ration and ten birds were fed a ration with no sodium chloride added. The 22Na retention was significantly higher in birds acclimated at 30° C., than in those held at the 8° C. environment. Birds receiving a diet with normal sodium intake had a significantly lower 22Na retention than those receiving a sodium deficient diet. There was no significant difference in 22Na retention between the birds from the two environmental temperatures receiving low sodium intake. It was concluded that the sodium intake had a greater effect on sodium retention than the effect of the environmental temperature.
Household Food Insecurity and Obesity, Chronic Disease, and Chronic Disease Risk Factors

ABSTRACT Context. Studies examining the association between food insecurity and obesity in adults have produced conflicting results, and information is limited on the relationship between food insecurity and adult chronic health conditions, particularly in a high-risk population. Objective. To examine the association between household food insecurity and self-reported weight status and chronic disease in the Lower Mississippi Delta. Design. A two-stage stratified cluster sample representative of the population in 36 counties in the Lower Delta. Data were collected in a cross-sectional telephone survey using list assisted random digit dialing telephone methodology. Setting and Participants. A randomly selected sample of 1,457 adults from a free-living population. Main Outcome Measures. US Food Security Survey Module, self-reported height and weight status (obesity = body mass index > 30 kg/m2), and self-reported hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and a marker for metabolic syn...
Degradation of Basement-Membrane Collagen by Neutral Proteases from Human Leukocytes

A neutral extract from human leukocytes was shown to have proteolytic activity which could degrade triple-helical basement membrane collagen from bovine lens capsules into specific triple-helical sub-fragments. The enzyme responsible is not identical to the leukocyte collagenase active against interstitial collagen types I, II and III. After denaturation, the neutral protease reaction products showed three major peptides with molecular weights of 70000, 50000 and 30000, by dodecylsulphate gel electrophoresis analysis. Electron microscopic observation and viscosity measurements showed the initial twice-pepsinized collagen to be comprised of intact rod-like molecules about 300 nm long. The fragments produced by the protease were also triple-helical and were resistant to the action of trypsin at 20°C. The fragments were completely degraded by purified bacterial collagenase or by raising the reaction temperature above the melting temperature of the basement membrane collagen during incubation with leukocyte extract. Enzyme activity has its pH optimum between 7 and 9, EDTA, EGTA and 1, 10-phenanthroline (metal-chelating agents) completely inhibited enzyme activity, as did serum. Partial inhibition of the activity was obtained with phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and soybean trypsin inhibitor.
Pioglitazone reduced liver injury and improved fasting glucose in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis without diabetes

Source Citation Aithal GP, Thomas JA, Kaye PV, Lawson A, Ryder SD, et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in nondiabetic subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenter...
SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY AND SPECTROSCOPY OF DIALKYL DISULFIDE FULLERENES INSERTED INTO ALKANETHIOLATE SAMS

Utilizing scanning tunneling microscopy, we have explored the self-assembling and electronic properties of unsymmetrical disulfides CH3(CH2)nSS(CH2)n+lNC60 (where n = 5 or 10, and C60 = buckminster...
Temperature dependent induced spin polarization in Cr2O3 overlayers on epitaxial CrO2 films

Abstract Spin-resolved inverse photoemission investigations show that the native Cr 2 O 3 surface is antiferromagnetically coupled to the CrO 2 thin film substrate, with a temperature dependent induced polarization. The Cr 2 O 3 exhibits the characteristic behavior of a rigid band/spin mixing behavior (non-Stoner) of a local moment paramagnet. The strong shifts of the conduction band edge from room temperature to low temperature suggests that the extent of the induced polarization of the Cr 2 O 3 oxide surface, by the CrO 2 substrate, may be partly related to Coulomb blockade effects identified in CrO 2 /Cr 2 O 3 /CrO 2 junctions.
X-Ray Lithography Exposures Using Synchrotron Radiation

A beamline for making X-ray lithography exposures using synchrotron radiation has been built and is now in operation at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The characteristics of synchrotron radiation and the reasons for using such a source are discussed. A description of the beamline and its control system is given, and results of early exposures are presented.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Roles of platelet-derived growth factor in the developing and mature nervous systems

In spite of its association by history and name to platelets, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) exerts important actions in a myriad of tissues, including the nervous system. PDGF and PDGF receptors are widely expressed in neuronal and glial cells of many regions of both the central and peripheral nervous systems. In this topical review, the roles played by PDGF in the development and maintenance of the nervous system are discussed. We also discuss the modulatory effects of PDGF on synaptic transmission, its role in neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions of the central nervous system, and the neuroprotective effects of this growth factor.
The in vitro effects of verbascoside on human platelet aggregation

Preliminary in vitro and animal studies have shown that verbascoside, a phenolic compound, may have several favourable biological activities, including an influence on endothelial function and on platelet aggregation. We sought to evaluate the effects of verbascoside, biotechnologically produced from plant cell cultures, on human platelet aggregation (PA). The blood from 40 aspirin-naive volunteers with at least one cardiovascular risk factor was preincubated in vitro with verbascoside (1 and 2 mg/dL) and aspirin (100 μM). The blood from 20 patients with a prior diagnosis of coronary heart disease who were chronically assuming aspirin was preincubated in vitro with verbascoside (1 and 2 mg/dL). PA is measured with a light transmission aggregometry and multiplate analyzer. As compared to reference, preincubation with verbascoside resulted in a significant inhibition of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced PA (p < 0.01 for both). Verbascoside 2 mg/dL did not show a stronger effect as compared to verbascoside 1 mg/dL (p = 0.4). As expected, the in vitro addition of aspirin reduced AA induced PA (p < 0.01), but not that induced by ADP (p = 0.5). The addition of verbascoside to the blood of aspirin-treated patients did not improve the values of PA after AA stimulus (p = 0.8), whereas it ensured a stronger inhibition after ADP stimulus (p < 0.01). Verbascoside in vitro affects PA by mildly inhibiting aggregation, triggered both by ADP and AA. These preliminary data, while intriguing, require confirmation in subjects receiving verbascoside orally in order to determine whether these findings are clinically relevant.
High Energy Density Electrochemical Capacitors Without Consumption of Electrolyte

We proposed an electrochemical capacitor that consists of a battery/double-layer capacitor or a pseudocapacitor/pseudocapacitor electrode configuration, with charge transferring during the charge and discharge processes. This is fundamentally different from exiting capacitors including conventional double-layer electrochemical capacitors and asymmetrical cells. The ions in the proposed capacitors are shuttled between two electrodes during the charge and discharge cycle. The theoretical energy density of the proposed asymmetric capacitors is as high as 60 W h/kg vs less than 15 and 25 W h/kg for conventional double-layer capacitors and battery/double-layer capacitors, respectively.
Fluoride Ion Activity Electrode for Determination of Urinary Fluoride

Abstract Urinary fluoride was determined directly using the fluoride ion activity electrode. The results were compared with values obtained from the microdiffusion colorimetric method and microdiffusion electrode method. The fluoride ion activity electrode was demonstrated to be a sensitive instrument which can be used to measure urinary fluorides without preliminary processing.
Systematic review: Identifying patients with chronic hepatitis C in need of early treatment and intensive monitoring predictors and predictive models of disease progression

Background Advances in hepatitis C therapies have led to increasing numbers of patients seeking treatment. As a result, logistical and financial concerns regarding how treatment can be provided to all patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) have emerged.
The Cardiomyopathy of Hypoparathyroidism: Another Reversible Form of Heart Muscle Disease

A patient with traumatic hypoparathyroidism had cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. The patient had no history of preexisting cardiac disease, alcohol abuse, hyperthyroidism, or hypothyroidism and improved greatly with treatment of hypoparathyroidism. We suggest that the cardiomyopathy seen in hypoparathyroidism is due to many factors, but that hypocalcemia and possibly hypomagnesemia are especially important, and that correction of calcium and magnesium deficiencies may result in near-normal cardiac function.
Visible Cone-Beam Tomography With a Lensless Interferometric Camera

Digital processing of optical coherence functions can reconstruct three-dimensional objects illuminated by incoherent light. It is shown that Fourier analysis of the mutual intensity of the field produces projections that are mathematically identical to the projections of x-ray cone-beam tomography. A lensless interferometric camera that captures planes of mutual intensity data is described and used to reconstruct an incoherently illuminated visible object in three dimensions.
Annealing and anomalous high‐energy electron irradiation effects in low‐cost silicon N+P solar cells

Silicon solar cells of N(+)P type were subjected to 1 MeV electron irradiation (up to 10 to the 16th electrons/sq cm) and then annealed at 450 C for 20 min or annealed with no electron irradiation. Electron irradiation resulted in a degradation of longer wavelength cell response, but produced a marked enhancement of response at shorter wavelengths with a peak change of 40% at 0.44 microns. Subsequent thermal anneal at 450 C reduced the long-wavelength degradation, but enhancement at shorter wavelengths persisted. Excitation at the shorter wavelengths was in the N(+)-diffused layer and in the junction region of the cell. Anneal of unirradiated cells produced shorter-wavelength enhancement with a similar peaking at 0.44 microns, but with a relative change of only 20%. More enhancement was produced in the longer wavelength region (up to 0.8 microns). These effects in the different cell regions are explained by a decrease in the interstitial oxygen-impurity complexes (deep recombination levels) and the formation of substantial oxygen-silicon vacancy centers (donors).
Displaying faculty grade averages during 3rd year medical student clerkship evaluations: effects upon grade inflation

Abstract Background: Medical educators recognize grade inflation as a significant problem with multi-factorial etiologies beginning as early as junior medical student clerkship rotations. Colletti et al reported faculty educators’ inability or unwillingness to provide medical student trainees with unfavorable face-to-face evaluations as a source of grade inflation. The effects of un-countered grade inflation are significant, rendering academic deans and advisors less able to provide useful comparative evaluations and recommendations for matriculating students, and in one study (Speer et al), leaving nearly half of the faculty in an internal medicine clerkship concerned about “social-promotion” of failing students due to uncontrolled grade inflation. Little literature specifically addresses techniques to minimize grade inflation. Methods: Using our previously reported 360-degree web-based competency evaluation tool for 3 rd year medical student clerkships, evaluation data were collected assessing nine evaluation items based upon the six ACGME “core competencies”. During part one of the study, evaluations were completed with faculty evaluators blinded to their averaged evaluation data. During part two of the study, real-time faculty mean and standard error evaluation data were prominently displayed on the evaluation instrument during faculty evaluations. We hypothesized that passive faculty notification of evaluation data would alter evaluations toward a more centrist mean, based upon changes in clinician ordering patterns observed when cost data were displayed. Results: Prior to and during Part One of the study, mean evaluation scores were significantly greater than the anticipated mean (2.5) for all items evaluated. 2043 individual evaluation scores were acquired, equally allocated between pre- and post-notification periods of the study. Mean evaluation scores were significantly greater than the anticipated mean (2.5) for all items evaluated. Data were evaluated using parametric (t-test) and nonparametric (Wilcoxon signed ranks test) statistical analyses comparing blinded and passive faculty notification evaluation data. Mean evaluation scores were noted to increase slightly for each of the nine evaluation items after commencement of passive notification, with one item achieving and three items approaching statistical significance. Conclusions: These findings appear to contradict our hypothesis that passive notification of faculty evaluation averages decrease evaluation means or improve grade inflation. Increasingly large datasets, obtained using on-line evaluation tools, will likely achieve statistical significance demonstrating that faculty should not be shown real-time grade averages during evaluation. We believe that these data support the need to develop alternate methods of managing grade inflation, including faculty education or parametric grade re-calculation as tools to counter grade inflation.