cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heart rate topic models

A key challenge in reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease is matching patients to treatments that are most appropriate for them. Different cardiac assessment tools have been developed to address this goal. Recent research has focused on heart rate motifs, i.e., short-term heart rate sequences that are overor under-represented in long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings of patients experiencing cardiovascular outcomes, which provide novel and valuable information for risk stratification. However, this approach can leverage only a small number of motifs for prediction and results in difficult to interpret models. We address these limitations by identifying latent structure in the large numbers of motifs found in long-term ECG recordings. In particular, we explore the application of topic models to heart rate time series to identify functional sets of heart rate sequences and to concisely describe patients using task-independent features for various cardiovascular outcomes. We evaluate the approach on a large collection of real-world ECG data, and investigate the performance of topic mixture features for the prediction of cardiovascular mortality. The topics provided an interpretable representation of the recordings and maintained valuable information for clinical assessment when compared with motif frequencies, even after accounting for commonly used clinical risk scores.
Populism: A puzzle without (and for) world-systems analysis

This essay shows how world-systems analysis provides a more rigorous explanation for the recent rise of disparate populisms, countering negative stereotypes of mainstream accounts that obscure how formative populist leaders emerged from authentic progressive movements which challenged capitalists. Existing analyses have also failed to specify the varied economic projects of populists, their likely social bases and their relationships to world markets. The essay recommends relational comparisons of populists to unravel populism’s puzzles and advance world-systems analysis.
Report from the Medical Library Association’s InSight Initiative Summit 1: Engaging Users in a Disruptive Era

At the Medical Library Association’s Insight Initiative Summit 1, held March 6–7, 2018, academic and hospital librarians and publishing industry partners came together to discuss their shared role in engaging users of health sciences information in an era in which “disruptors” such as pirate websites, scientific collaboration networks, and preprint servers pose threats to traditional means of access to scholarly content. Through a mixture of keynote talks, themed panel discussions, and small-group problem-solving exercises, the summit program raised important questions, sparked conversation, and provided insight into the need for both libraries and publishing organizations to improve their user experience, lower their barriers to access, and offer value to users that cannot be provided by competitors, including helping authors and students become informed, responsible advocates for and consumers of scholarly publications. The key takeaways from the summit are expected to impact libraries’ and publishers’ strategies and stimulate the cocreation of enduring materials to enhance user engagement in disseminating and discovering scientific and medical information.
The Impact of Homeless Prevention on Residential Instability: Evidence From the Homelessness Prevention and Rapid Re-Housing Program

Millions of individuals and families in the United States do not have access to stable housing. Recent policies in the United States and the rest of the developed world emphasize programs intended ...
Sutureless closure: a versatile treatment for the diverse presentations of gastroschisis.

Case series have demonstrated sutureless closures to be safe for the correction of gastroschisis. We hypothesize that sutureless closure is efficacious in patients requiring silo reduction without need for intubation. We conducted a retrospective case control study of infants who underwent gastroschisis repair at our institution (January 2011–August 2018). Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared between sutureless closure and primary fascial repair groups. Seventeen patients in the sutureless group and 28 patients in the primary fascial repair group were included. Success of sutureless closure was 94%. Mechanical ventilation was reduced by 2.8 days in the sutureless group (P < 0.0001) and fewer patients required general anesthesia (29.4% vs. 100%, P < 0.0001). Sutureless closure is effective for the diverse presentations of gastroschisis. Given the concerns of effects of general anesthesia on the developing brain, sutureless closure should be strongly considered.
Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon for Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) and Other Endovascular Techniques

Resuscitative endovascular balloon for occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a minimally invasive method of aortic occlusion. The catheter is introduced through a sheath in the right or left common femoral artery. A balloon in then inserted through the sheath to the desired location along the thoracic or abdominal aorta (Fig. 13.1).
Ten-Year Treatment Outcomes of Radical Prostatectomy Vs External Beam Radiation Therapy Vs Brachytherapy for 1503 Patients With Intermediate-risk Prostate Cancer

ABSTRACT Objective To compare 10-year oncologic treatment outcomes of radical prostatectomy (RP) vs external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) vs brachytherapy (BT) for patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer (IRPC). Methods A retrospective analysis using propensity score matching was performed on 1503 IRPC patients who underwent treatment from 2004 to 2007. Eight hundred and nineteen underwent RP, 574 underwent EBRT to a median dose of 75.3 Gray, and 110 underwent BT using Iodine-125. Biochemical failure was defined by the American Urological Association definition of failure for RP, and the Phoenix definition for EBRT and BT. Results Median follow-up was 10.0 years for RP, 9.6 for EBRT, and 9.8 for BT. Neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy was given in 0.6% of RP, 58.9% of EBRT, and 12.7% of BT patients, P Conclusion BT using Iodine-125, used alone or in combination with supplemental external radiation, is a reasonable treatment option for IRPC patients, yielding equivalent rates of metastases-free survival and prostate cancer-specific survival.
Perceptions, experiences, and preferences for partner services among Black and Latino men who have sex with men and transwomen in North Carolina.

In the United States, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) disproportionately affect men who have sex with men (MSM) and transwomen of color. Partner services can prevent STI transmission by faci...
The Impact of American College of Cardiology Chest Pain Center Accreditation on Guideline Recommended Acute Myocardial Infarction Management.

BACKGROUND Whether American College of Cardiology (ACC) Chest Pain Center (CPC) accreditation alters guidelines adherence rates is unclear. METHODS We analyzed patient-level, hospital-reported, quality metrics for myocardial infarction (MI) patients from 644 hospitals collected in the ACC's Chest Pain-MI Registry from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020, stratified by CPC accreditation for >1 year. RESULTS Of 192,374 MI patients, 67,462 (35.1%) received care at an accredited hospital. In general, differences in guideline adherence rates between accredited and nonaccredited hospitals were numerically small, although frequently significant. Patients at accredited hospitals were more likely to undergo coronary angiography (98.6% vs. 97.9%, P < 0.0001), percutaneous coronary intervention for NSTEMI (55.4% vs. 52.3%, P < 0.0001), have overall revascularization for NSTEMI (63.5% vs. 61.0%, P < 0.0001), and receive P2Y12 inhibitor on arrival (63.5% vs. 60.2%, P < 0.0001). Nonaccredited hospitals more ECG within 10 minutes (62.3% vs. 60.4%, P < 0.0001) and first medical contact to device activation ≤90 minutes (66.8% vs. 64.8%, P < 0.0001). Accredited hospitals had uniformly higher discharge medication guideline adherence, with patients more likely receiving aspirin (97.8% vs. 97.4%, P < 0.0001), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (46.7% vs. 45.3%, P < 0.0001), beta blocker (96.6% vs. 96.2%, P < 0.0001), P2Y12 inhibitor (90.3% vs. 89.2%, P < 0.0001), and statin (97.8% vs. 97.5%, P < 0.0001). Interaction by accredited status was significant only for length of stay, which was slightly shorter at accredited facilities for specific subgroups. CONCLUSIONS ACC CPC accreditation was associated with small consistent improvement in adherence to guideline-based treatment recommendations of catheter-based care (catheterization and PCI) for NSTEMI and discharge medications, and shorter hospital stays.
3D Fractional Limb Volume Identifies Reduced Subcutaneous and Lean Mass in Fetal Growth Restriction.

OBJECTIVES Fetal 2D and 3D fractional limb volume (FLV) measurements by ultrasound can detect fetal lean and subcutaneous mass and possibly percent body fat. Our objectives were to 1) compare FLV measurements in fetuses with fetal growth restriction (FGR) versus small for gestational age (SGA) defined by the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG)-supported international Delphi consensus and 2) correlate FLV findings with birth metrics. We hypothesize that FLV measurements will be significantly smaller in FGR versus SGA fetuses and will correlate closer with Ponderal index (PIx) in the neonate than abdominal circumference (AC). METHODS Patients were categorized as FGR or SGA as defined by ISUOG. Total thigh volume (TTV), volumes of lean mass (LMV), and fat mass volume (FMV) were calculated from 3D acquisitions. Measurements were compared between groups and correlated with birthweight (BW) and PIx (BW/crown-heal length). RESULTS The FGR group (n = 37) delivered earlier (37/2 versus 38/0; P = .0847), were lighter (2.2 kg versus 2.6 kg; P = .0003) and had lower PIx (0.023 versus 0.025; P = .0013) than SGAs (n = 22). FGRs had reduced TTV (40.6 versus 48.4 cm3 ; P = .0164), FMV (20.8 versus 25.3 cm3 ; P = .0413), and LMV (19.8 versus 23.1 cm3 ; P = .0387). AC had the highest area under the curve (0.69) for FGR. FMV was more strongly associated with PIx than the AC (P = .0032). CONCLUSIONS The AC and FLV measurements were significantly reduced in FGR fetuses compared to SGAs. While the AC outperformed FLV in predicting FGR, the FLV correlated best with PIx, which holds investigative promise.
Urban Infrastructure in Latin America and the Caribbean

Latin America and the Caribbean is the most urbanized region in the developing world. Its urbanization rate of almost 80 percent is comparable to that of high income countries. However, cities in the region are struggling to provide the infrastructure needed for their millions of residents to enjoy a decent quality of life. This paper focuses on analyzing three aspects of this challenge. First, it identifies the main problems in housing and transport infrastructure in the region. Second, it examines the effect of past interventions to improve the living standards of the urban poor. And third, it analyzes the relationship between housing supply and transport networks, two connected topics that shape the region’s spatial urban patterns.
A New Optimal Classifier Architecture to Aviod the Dimensionality Curse

In paper we present the theoretical foundation for optimal classification using class-specific features and provide examples of its use. A new PDF projection theorem makes it possible to project probability density functions from a low-dimensional feature space back to the raw data space. An M-ary classifier is constructed by estimating the PDFs of class-specific features, then transforming each PDF back to the raw data space where they can be fairly compared. Although statistical sufficiency is not a requirement, the classifier thus constructed will become equivalent to the optimal Bayes classifier if the features meet sufficiency requirements individually for each class. This classifier is completely modular and avoids the dimensionality curse associated with large complex problems. By recursive application of the projection theorem, it is possible to analyze complex signal processing chains. It is possible to automate the feature and model selection process by direct comparison of log-likelihood values on the common raw data domain. Pre-tested modules are available for a wide range of features including linear functions of independent random variables, cepstrum, and MEL cepstrum.
Macro Policy Lessons from the Recent Recession

It is time to take a look back at how effective the Bush economic policies have been. In one of the most comprehensive analyses of policy to date, these economists present a critical historical ana...
Role of Aluminum and Iron in Brain Disorders

Aluminum and iron, the two most abundant elements in the earth’s crust, have very similar coordination chemistry1. Both form insoluble hydroxides at physiological pH. However, very early in evolution, living systems recognized the unique redox properties of iron and incorporated it in diverse biological reactions. Indeed, iron is essential to all forms of life. No such use has been discovered for aluminum and, until recently, it was considered harmless. Because all metal ions, including aluminum, are more soluble at acid pH, environmental insults such as acid rain have increased their bioavailability2,3. Living systems are yet to learn to cope with this new class of pollutants.
Extended Radio Sources

The understanding of the nature of strong radio emission associated with galaxies and quasars has significantly increased in the last five years. A large contribution to this increase has been obtained from the arcsec and milli-arcsec mapping of radio sources which show remarkable features. Because of the recent, extremely good review articles concerning extended extragalactic radio sources (Miley 1980 and Willis 1978), I shall emphasize some new, mostly unpublished works, stemming from VLA observations. This is not to slight European experimental and theoretical work which have led in the formulation of our current thinking, but to try to bridge the inevitable communication gap caused by the Atlantic Ocean and ever higher airfares.
Do design experiences in engineering build a “growth mindset” in students?

Research investigating characteristics that tend to indicate student success in engineering have shown that affective (noncognitive) characteristics such as motivation may have equal to better predictive capabilities than cognitive characteristics such as high school GPA. The mindset of students, whether `fixed' (success is due to inherent intelligence) or `growth' (success is due to effort) can indicate whether a student believes in their ability to solve problems and succeed. Research has shown students tend to move away from a growth mindset and toward a fixed mindset during their first year of study. Our research indicates that introducing open-ended design projects into the curriculum may tend to lessen or eliminate the shift toward fixed mindset. Students assigned open ended, socially relevant engineering projects were compared to students without such projects; students without the open ended experience showed a much greater propensity toward fixed mindset. We hypothesize that these findings may inform introductory engineering and technology courses, including those in high school meant to prepare students for study in STEM areas.
Evolution of carbide precipitates in 2.25Cr-1Mo steel during long-term service in a power plant.

Carbide precipitation from the steel matrix during long-term high-temperature exposure can adversely affect the fracture toughness and high-temperature creep resistance of materials with implications on the performance of power plant components. In the present work, carbide evolution in 2.25Cr-1Mo steel after long-term aging during service was investigated. Boiler pipe samples of this steel were removed from a supercritical water-cooled coal-fired power plant after service times of 17 and 28 years and a mean operational temperature of 810 K (537 °C). The carbide precipitation and coarsening effects were studied using the carbon extraction replica technique followed by analysis using transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The carbides extracted using an electrolytic technique were also analyzed using X-ray diffraction to evaluate phase transformations of the carbides during long-term service. Small ball punch and Vickers hardness were used to evaluate the changes in mechanical performance after long-term aging during service.
Myosin Phosphatase-Rho Interacting Protein A NEW MEMBER OF THE MYOSIN PHOSPHATASE COMPLEX THAT DIRECTLY BINDS RhoA

Regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell contractile state is critical for the maintenance of blood vessel tone. Abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell contractility plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, blood vessel spasm, and atherosclerosis. Myosin phosphatase, the key enzyme controlling myosin light chain dephosphorylation, regulates smooth muscle cell contraction. Vasoconstrictor and vasodilator pathways inhibit and activate myosin phosphatase, respectively. G-protein-coupled receptor agonists can inhibit myosin phosphatase and cause smooth muscle cell contraction by activating RhoA/Rho kinase, whereas NO/cGMP can activate myosin phosphatase and cause smooth muscle cell relaxation by activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase. We have used yeast two-hybrid screening to identify a 116-kDa human protein that interacts with both myosin phosphatase and RhoA. This myosin phosphatase-RhoA interacting protein, or M-RIP, is highly homologous to murine p116RIP3, is expressed in vascular smooth muscle, and is localized to actin myofilaments. M-RIP binds directly to the myosin binding subunit of myosin phosphatase in vivo in vascular smooth muscle cells by an interaction between coiled-coil and leucine zipper domains in the two proteins. An adjacent domain of M-RIP directly binds RhoA in a nucleotide-independent manner. M-RIP copurifies with RhoA and Rho kinase, colocalizes on actin stress fibers with RhoA and MBS, and is associated with Rho kinase activity in vascular smooth muscle cells. M-RIP can assemble a complex containing both RhoA and MBS, suggesting that M-RIP may play a role in myosin phosphatase regulation by RhoA.
Initiation and termination of vaccinia virus DNA replication.

Abstract The initiation and termination sites of replication of vaccinia DNA has been studied by determining the radioactivity in restriction fragments of the pulse-labeled newly synthesized molecules. The results indicate a bimodal distribution of radioactivity in the molecules completed during a pulse shorter than the completion time of synthesis, implying termination at both ends. The symmetry of replication was studied by hybridization of an intermediate in replication (34 S) to the isolated strands of virion DNA followed by restriction analysis. The frequency of hybridization of the fragments to the light or heavy strand shows a unimodal distribution of radioactivity indicating asymmetric replication. Together, these observations suggest that initiation and termination sites are located at both ends of the chromosome. Changes observed in the conformation of parental DNA at the time of replication, such as high degree of single-strandness, are compatible with strand displacement during synthesis.
High-performance InP/In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/InP double HBTs on GaAs substrates

InP/In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) were grown on GaAs substrates. A 140 GHz power-gain cutoff frequency f/sub max/ and a 207 GHz current-gain cutoff frequency f/sub /spl tau// were obtained, presently the highest reported values for metamorphic HBTs. The breakdown voltage BV/sub CEO/ was 5.5 V, while the dc current gain /spl beta/ was 76. High-thermal-conductivity InP metamorphic buffer layers were employed in order to minimize the device-thermal resistance.
Central neural motor programs underlying short- and long-term patterns of Limulus respiratory activity

1. Isolated, unstimulated abdominal ventral nerve cords ofLimulus display patterns of motor output characteristic of rhythmic gill ventilation and of gill cleaning (Fig. 2). 2. The motor output may occur as long-term patterns of alternate gill cleaning and ventilation (Fig. 3), or alternate gill cleaning and tonic activity (Fig. 4). 3. Two patterns of gill cleaning motor output, apparently corresponding to the left-leading and right-leading patterns observed in intact animals, persist in the isolated ventral cord (Fig. 4). These two patterns occur with the same rough alternation as in intact animals. 4. Thus all the patterns of gill-plate movement in intact animals, except those involving swimming, have underlying motor programs that are expressed in isolated nerve cords in the absence of stimulation or of sensory feedback. These findings extend the concept of central pattern generators to include complex and long-duration patterns of stereotyped behavior such as those underlying the movements of theLimulus abdominal appendages.
Feminist Theory and the Question of Identity

Postmodern feminists now face a dilemma when confronted with the task of developing a social and political theory. On the one hand, as postmodernists they are obliged to steer away from essential truths and universal identities. On the other hand, as social and political theorists, they need to be able to generalize about the oppression (some, if not all) women. How, if at all, can they do so? I suggest in this essay that is feminists want to develop generalizations about women that are neither essentialist nor oppressive, they will have to shift their attention away from philosophy to social and political practice and view generalization not as embodiments of universality, but as part of a process through which we as social and political actors shape the facts around us according to our own practical concerns and projects. Such a view is developed with the help of a group of practical feminists who, I argue, provide us with a mode of generalization that is neither essentialist nor oppressive.
Salinity and its variability in the Lagoon of Venice, 2000–2009

Yearly averages computed from monthly and bimonthly salinity data collected between 2000 and 2009 from 13 broadly spaced stations in the Venice Lagoon were analysed in view of 30 min data collected semi-continuously during 2009 at nine similarly located stations. Data from all stations and all years indicate that, based on yearly averages, the lagoon may be divided along its major (long) axis into three areas: 1) a northern, freshwater impacted area (S = 32 PSU of low, tidally-caused, variability, and 3) an intermediate zone. Salinity changes are closely associated with rainfall events, and the incoming freshwater is consistently distributed throughout the lagoon by tidal action. Much variability is simply a result of the forward and backward motion of the tides and is not caused by a salinity change in the water itself. The consistency of the 2000–2009 data and the historical (to 1961) watershed record support the hypothesis that the Venice Lagoon has been and is currently at steady-state with respect to its salinity distribution. As such, it is conducive to the development of (at least) three separate ecosystems.
Clinical Features and Outcome of Heterobilharzia americana Infection in Dogs

Background: Heterobilharzia americana (HA), the causative agent of canine schistosomiasis, is a flatworm with a freshwater snail as an intermediate host. Only case reports or small case series evaluating naturally infected dogs have been published. Objective: Describe clinical signs in dogs naturally infected with HA. Animals: Twenty-two dogs naturally infected with HA from 1985 to 2009. Methods: Retrospective study. All medical records were searched for HA and schistosomiasis. Only dogs with a diagnosis based on identification of ova on histopathology or fecal saline sedimentation were included. Results: The median age was 3.1 years (1–12). The median duration of clinical signs before diagnosis was 0.63 months (0.03–12). The most common clinical signs were lethargy (91%), weight loss (77%), hyporexia (68%), vomiting (59%), and diarrhea (55%). Eleven of the 22 dogs were hypercalcemic. Hypercalcemia did not resolve without definitive treatment with praziquantel. HA infection was an incidental diagnosis in 7/22 dogs. Diagnosis was obtained via necropsy (4), histopathology (9), and fecal examination (9). Definitive treatment included praziquantel and fenbendazole. Eighteen dogs were diagnosed antemortem and 17 were treated. Twelve dogs were alive for 6 months to 3 years after diagnosis. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: HA infection occurs in younger, larger breed, indoor dogs. Hypercalcemia does not resolve without praziquantel treatment. Prognosis is good and neither hypercalcemic-induced renal failure nor ascites appears to worsen prognosis. Dogs in affected areas or that have traveled to affected areas that present for weight loss, gastrointestinal or liver disease, and hypercalcemia, should be tested.
A family with combined mutations of the hemophilia A and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy genes

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and hemophilia A are two distinct, potentially devastating, genetic diseases whose corresponding genes are located in close proximity on the X chromosome. Here we report a family with members affected with both conditions, only the second such family ever reported. Although a structural genomic rearrangement involving both genes was initially predicted to underlie this extremely rare phenotype, genotyping revealed the unlikely occurrence of two individual point mutations. Given the impact of this result on the heritability of the two disorders within the family, this case illustrates the significance of performing detailed molecular analysis in patients with multiple genetic disorders.
Grieving the wanted child: Ramifications of abortion after prenatal diagnosis of abnormality

Prenatal diagnosis is increasingly common. Whereas amniocentesis is typically performed in the second trimester, chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a first-trimester procedure, which makes an earlier, safer abortion possible. However, CVS carries a slightly higher risk of miscarriage and other complications. In choosing a procedure, couples (with the aid of genetic counseling) must weigh the risks of miscarriage against the odds and implications of an abnormal diagnosis. Interviews with women who decided on abortions after amniocentesis or CVS and meetings with genetic counselors indicate that both types of abortion are more traumatic than is commonly realized. Both dash dreams and hopes. Termination after amniocentesis also forces the mother to take an active part in the life and death of a nearly viable fetus. Yet, because abortions for fetal abnormality are statistically rare, there is little societal understanding and minimal support for those who experience them. This is true of health care workers as well as for the couple's primary support group.
The Moderating Effect of Behavior Type on the Subjective Norm-Behavior Relationship

Abstract Three experiments were focused on the relationship between subjective norms and behavior. In Experiment 1, American college students were presented with an attitudinally or normatively controlled behavior and were instructed to suppose that the person most affected by the behavior approved or disapproved of the student's performing that behavior. This manipulation had a greater effect on intentions to perform the normatively controlled behavior than on intentions to perform the attitudinally controlled behavior. Experiments 2 and 3 were attempts to replicate the interaction, using a manipulation of the subjective norm rather than a manipulation of the normative proscriptions of a specific other. The findings indicate that the effect depends, to some extent, on the cognitive accessibility of behavior-specific important others.
Design philosophy for second generation laboratory computers

The design of a small chromatography laboratory system should provide for human engineering, economical operation, flexibility and expandability. To accomplish this, the internal system design must be compatible with the external functions of the system. A multi-tasking internal design (similar to that found in large timesharing computers) is a satisfactory solution. The internal design of such a minicomputer system is examined, including the dynamic file structure, the concept of the state-driven algorithm and multitasking operations. Finally, three aspects of the external design are described: multi-type instruments, a high-level interactive programming language and telecommunications.
The elastic strengths of point defects

Abstract A general method is presented for calculating rigorously the elastic strengths of point defects in cubic crystals in terms of interatomic force constants. The method is based on a consistent use of discrete lattice theory, and is valid independently of whether or not the crystal is elastically isotropic. The resultant strength uniquely determines the asymptotic strain field far from the defect and the macroscopic volume change produced by the defect. As an example, the volume change associated with vacancy formation in sodium is computed and found to be 39 per cent of an atomic volume per vacancy.
Regulation of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase.

The two high affinity calcium binding sites of the cardiac (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase have been identified with the use of Eu3+. Eu3+ competes for the two high affinity calcium sites on the enzyme. With the use of laser-pulsed fluorescent spectroscopy, the environment of the two sites appear to be heterogeneous and contain different numbers of H2O molecules coordinated to the ion. The ion appears to be occluded even further in the presence of ATP. Using non-radiative energy transfer studies, we were able to estimate the distance between the two Ca2+ sites to be between 9.4 to 10.2 A in the presence of ATP. Finally, from the assumption that the calcium site must contain four carboxylic side chains to provide the 6–8 ligands needed to coordinate calcium, and based on our recently published data, we predict the peptidic backbone of the two sites.
MARRIAGE ENCOUNTER WEEKENDS: COUPLES WHO WIN AND COUPLES WHO LOSE

This study examined interview and essay data for 50 married couples who had the most positive or most negative reactions in a larger sample of participants in Marriage Encounter weekends. We were interested in describing the experiences of couples who years later believed they were strongly helped by the program or who believed their marriages deteriorated because of the program. Content analysis of interview transcripts and written essays indicated that 7 couples experienced highly positive changes apparently related to Marriage Encounter, and that 9 couples experienced significant negative changes apparently related to Marriage Encounter. The other 34 couples were equally divided between “somewhat positives” and “neutrals.” Retrospective analysis of the condition of marriages prior to the Marriage Encounter weekend revealed that both the highly positives and the negatives were likely to report grave marital distress prior to the weekend. Based on the findings reported here, the authors suggest that distressed couples who attend Marriage Encounter weekends are susceptible to serious further deterioration. The paper concludes with recommendations for clinicians in treating Marriage Encounter casualties, and for the Marriage Encounter organization in screening participants and modifying the program to diminish the likelihood of program-induced deterioration.
Identifying Factors That Increase the Likelihood for Alcohol-Induced Blackouts in the Prepartying Context

The present study examined risk factors related to “blacking out” (e.g., temporary periods of memory loss during drinking) during preparty drinking events (i.e., pregaming, predrinking). Participants were students from two universities on the West Coast who reported past month prepartying (N = 2,546) in online surveys administered in the fall of 2008. Among these students, 25% (n = 636) reported blacking out during at least one occasion in which they prepartied in the past month. A logistic regression model underscored that Greek student affiliation, family history of alcohol abuse, frequency of prepartying, and both playing drinking games and consuming shots of liquor while prepartying increased the likelihood of blacking out. Limitations and implications for future research and collegiate prevention strategies are discussed.
Agitated soil measurement method for integrated on-the-go mapping of soil pH, potassium and nitrate contents

Knowledge of spatial variability of soil attributes within an agricultural field is critical for successful site-specific crop management. Soil sensing techniques to assess this variability on-the-go are being developed as an alternative to tedious manual soil sampling and laboratory testing. The goal of this study was to evaluate an Agitated Soil Measurement (ASM) method for integrated on-the-go mapping of soil pH, soluble potassium and residual nitrate contents using ion-selective electrodes. To implement ASM, an Integrated Agitation Chamber Module (IACM) was developed and attached to a commercial soil pH mapping implement. Precision of the tested electrodes was assessed through the root mean squared error (RMSE) and ranged from 0.10 for pK to 0.22 for pNO"3 (units represent the negative base 10 logarithm of the molar concentration of specified ions). The accuracy of the electrodes was assessed by comparing test results against reference measurements conducted in a commercial soil laboratory using the linear regression method. Average accuracy error ranged from 0.11 for pK to 0.23 for pNO"3. In a field simulation test, neither precision nor accuracy errors obtained with ASM were lower than for a previously investigated Direct Soil Measurement (DSM) method, which produced precision errors ranging from 0.11 for pH to 0.22 for pNO"3 and accuracy errors ranging from 0.12 for pNO"3 to 0.20 for pH. The coefficients of determination (r^2) of linear regressions between individual field simulation measurements and corresponding average reference measurements were 0.85-0.89 (pH), 0.50-0.54 (pK), and 0.14-0.32 (pNO"3). However, laboratory evaluation of the ASM method revealed substantially lower measurement errors and increased r^2 values when compared to the field simulation, indicating that the proposed ASM method retains the potential for improving on-the-go field mapping. Except for reduced electrode abuse and the ability to use less expensive half-cell ion-selective electrodes, physical implementation of ASM through the IACM did not bring substantial improvement over conventionally available DSM. This could be attributed to the design of the IACM and use of half-cell electrodes. Further research is necessary to improve the design of the solution-based measuring equipment and to develop an algorithm integrating on-the-go measurements with other sources of spatial data for an improved decision-making process.
Two-Phase Flow Visualization of R134A in a Multiport Microchannel Tube

Results are presented from a flow visualization investigation of a multiport microchannel tube using R134a, a medium pressure refrigerant. The study covers mass fluxes from 50-300 kg/s.m 2 and qualities ranging from 10-90%, with a 6-port microchannel tube with a hydraulic diameter of 1.5 mm under adiabatic conditions. The results from the flow visualization studies indicate that several flow configurations may exist in multiport microchannel tubes at the same time while constant mass flux and quality flow conditions are maintained. Based on these observations, development of a typical flow regime map does not appear to be an appropriate manner for describing the flow field if the flow conditions for each port are not known. Flow mapping of the fluid regimes in this multiport microchannel is accomplished by developing functions that describe the fraction of time or the probability that the fluid exists in an observed flow configuration. An application of the alternative method of flow description for press...
Divergent effects of zinc depletion in brain vs non-brain endothelial cells

Dietary zinc deficiency is common in developing as well as developed countries. Endothelial cells (EC) lining the inner surface of peripheral blood vessels are sensitive to zinc deficiency and lose structural integrity when exposed to culture media low in zinc or to zinc chelators. In contrast, we demonstrate here that human brain microvascular EC (HBMEC), which constitute the blood-brain barrier (BBB), resist zinc depletion and respond by enhancing their barrier function. This response was specific for HBMEC and did not occur in non-brain EC, such as human umbilical vein endothelial cells, human aortic endothelial cells, and human iliac vein endothelial cells. Our results suggest the presence of specific mechanisms to counteract zinc deficiency at the BBB, likely involving HBMEC junctional complexes. Understanding the mechanisms involved in this unique response might provide means to modulate the BBB dysfunction associated with neurological disorders such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease.
Transcatheter cryoablation with 3-D mapping of an atrial ectopic tachycardia in a pediatric patient with tachycardia induced heart failure

Atrial ectopic tachycardias (AET) are often resistant to medical management and can lead to a significant reduction in cardiac function. Transcatheter cryoablation, a definitive therapy, to our knowledge has yet to be described in the pediatric population. A three-year-old male presented with AET induced heart failure which persisted despite medical management. Management was complicated by worsening heart failure and propylene glycol intoxication. He underwent transcatheter cryoablation using a 3-D navigation system with an initially successful elimination of the arrhythmia. After a late recurrence (15 months) of the AET he underwent epicardial transcatheter ablation using cryotherapy with successful elimination of the arrhythmia.
Intermolecular vibrational energy transfer between cyanide species at the platinum/electrolyte interface

Abstract A CN − adlayer on an electrochemical Pt surface produces two detectable vibrational bands. The band at 2160 cm −1 has previously been assigned to an intermediate species in the electrochemical production of [Pt(CN) 4 ] 2− . The second mode (≈2100–2140 cm −1 ) is attributed to a co-adsorbed cyanide monolayer. The lifetime of the 2160 cm −1 mode is ≈4–6 ps at potentials where the two modes are close in energy and approaches that of freely solvated cyanide ions (≈30 ps) at potentials where the two modes become well separated in energy. This potential dependence is interpreted in the context of a simple dipole–dipole coupling mechanism.
A new look in a peripheral equipment design approach

The initial work of the development group was to produce a basic line of peripherals which would be a major step in freeing the company of its dependence upon vendors. The first product was to be a line of high-speed printers, the second a card reader, and the third a card reader/punch. An Optical Bar Code Reader was in parallel development under a contractual commitment. This machine later developed into a line of machines which, strictly speaking, cannot be considered basic peripherals.
Critical Behavior of a Strongly Disordered 2D Electron System: The Cases of Long-Range and Screened Coulomb Interactions.

A study of the temperature ($T$) and density (${n}_{s}$) dependence of conductivity $\ensuremath{\sigma}({n}_{s},T)$ of a highly disordered, two-dimensional (2D) electron system in Si demonstrates scaling behavior consistent with the existence of a metal-insulator transition (MIT). The same critical exponents are found when the Coulomb interaction is screened by the metallic gate and when it is unscreened or long range. The results strongly suggest the existence of a disorder-dominated 2D MIT, which is not directly affected by the range of the Coulomb interactions.
Influence of Aggregate Gradation on Clogging Characteristics of Porous Asphalt Mixtures

AbstractThis research investigates the influence of aggregate gradation on the clogging characteristics of porous asphalt mixtures. Ten representative gradations used for open graded friction cours...
Anxiety and Framing Effects on Decision Making: Insights from Neuroimaging

Consider the following dilemma: Mary is a power-plant employee who, after years of good job performance, has established an excellent reputation. But, one unfortunate day, Mary makes a mistake that damages an important piece of equipment. Now she can do two things. One option is to immediately
Utilization of extracellular glucose by spermatozoa of two viviparous fishes

Abstract 1. 1. Contrary to the generalization presently in the literature that fish sperm lack a powerful glycolytic system, the sperm of the shiner surfperch (Embiotocidae) and the guppy (Poeciliidae) exhibit a rate of glycolytic metabolism comparable to that of mammalian sperm. 2. 2. It is likely that sperm metabolism is supported by ovarian sugars during the period of prolonged viability within the ovary characteristic of these species. 3. 3. These results suggest that sperm metabolic systems are influenced by the environment in which fertilization occurs.
Macrohabitat models of occurrence for the threatened Cheat Mountain salamander, Plethodon nettingi

The federally threatened Cheat Mountain salamander (Plethodon nettingi; hereafter CMS) is known to occur at approximately 70 small, scattered sites in the Allegheny Mountains of eastern West Virginia. We used a comparative modeling approach to explain the landscape-level distribution and habitat relationships of CMS in relation to a suite of biotic and abiotic habitat variables measured across the species' range. We collected data on 13 explanatory macrohabitat variables at CMS-occupied (n = 180) and random (n = 180) sites. We then examined CMS-macrohabitat relationships using a priori, logistic regression models with information-theoretic model selection, classification tree modeling, and discriminant function analysis. Among logistic regression models, a model containing the variables elevation, aspect, slope, and lithology received the strongest empirical support, although a model containing these variables and current vegetation type also received limited support. Variable selection within our classification tree and discriminant function modeling was consistent with logistic regression results. Common variables in all three approaches indicated that the probability of finding CMS across the species' range increased in areas at higher elevations and underlain by sandstone. Validation of models with empirical support using reserved data indicated that classification accuracy was ≥80% for all three analytical methods. Finally, we linked model outputs from all three methods to GIS coverage maps that predicted CMS occupancy within the study area. Our results indicate that geophysical and ecological characteristics measured at large spatial scales may be useful for quantifying salamander habitat relationships in forested landscapes, and more specifically increase the capacity of managers to locate and plan for the continued persistence and recovery of CMS.
Dataflow Modeling with Crosscutting Concerns and a Concept Lattice

Applying the concept of crosscutting concerns to dataflow modeling can help software practitioners better deal with the complexity of business applications and produce more complete and compact dataflow diagrams in the form of a concept lattice.
EUS-guided FNA diagnosis of primary splenic lymphoma

1. Zargar SA, Kochhar R, Mehta S, et al. The role of fiberoptic endoscopy in the management of corrosive ingestion and modified endoscopic classification of burns. Gastrointest Endosc 1991;37:165-9. 2. Zargar SA, Kochhar R, Nagi B, et al. Ingestion of strong corrosive alkalis: spectrum of injury to upper gastrointestinal tract and natural history. Am J Gastroenterol 1992;87:337-41. 3. Agarwal S, Sikora SS, Kumar A, et al. Surgical management of corrosive strictures of stomach. Indian J Gastroenterol 2004;23: 178-80. 4. Mamede RC, De Mello Filho FV. Treatment of caustic ingestion: an analysis of 239 cases. Dis Esophagus 2002;15:210-3. 5. Anderson KD, Rouse TM, Randolph JG. A controlled trial of corticosteroids in children with corrosive injury of the esophagus. N Engl J Med 1990;323:637-40.
Overexpression of glia maturation factor in astrocytes leads to immune activation of microglia through secretion of granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor.

We infected a mixed culture of primary rat astrocytes and microglia with a replication-defective adenovirus carrying the rat glia maturation factor (GMF) cDNA. Affymetrix microarray analysis showed a big increase in the expression of several major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II proteins along with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Subsequent study using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) yielded the same results with the mixed culture, but not with pure astrocytes or pure microglia. We also noticed that the GMF/virus construct infected only astrocytes but not microglia. This led us to suspect that overexpression of GMF in astrocytes resulted in the secretion of an active substance that stimulated the microglia to express MHC II and IL-1beta. We identified this substance as granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). MHC II are unique to antigen-presenting cells such as microglia and monocytes. The results suggest that GMF in astrocytes can initiate a series of events, leading to immune activation in the nervous system, and implicates its involvement in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
Mechanism of pyridoxine uptake by isolated rat liver cells.

Abstract Uptake of [ 3 H]pyridoxine by isolated rat hepatocytes was detected at substrate concentrations as low as 0.5 μ m . At this concentration, an initial uptake rate was 1.87 ± 0.17 pmol/10 6 cells · min at 37 °C. Both the initial and a subsequent much slower pyridoxine accumulation were strongly inhibited by low temperature as well as by 10 m m ethionine, which competes for available ATP, or 1 μ m carbonylcyanide- p -trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, which inhibits oxidative phosphorylation and the supply of ATP. The uptake process is apparently insensitive to 1 m m ouabain and is Na + independent. The initial uptake rate was saturable at higher concentrations of [ 3 H]pyridoxine with an apparent K m of 28 ± 8 μ m and V max of 106 ± 27 pmol/10 6 cells · min. The K m value corresponds to that reported for pyridoxine as a substrate of pyridoxal kinase. Moreover, the transport process was inhibited by structural analogs of [ 3 H]pyridoxine even at concentrations equimolar to the normal substrate. The established order of inhibitory effectiveness, 4′-deoxypyridoxine > unlabeled pyridoxine > 5′-deoxypyridoxine, is in agreement with known properties of the kinase. It is concluded that pyridoxine uptake probably occurs by diffusion, simple or facilitated, followed by metabolic trapping due to pyridoxal kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation. Pyridoxine deficiency had no significant effect on uptake of this B 6 vitamer by hepatocytes.