cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coping with emotions past: the neural bases of regulating affect associated with negative autobiographical memories.

Background Although the ability to adaptively reflect on negative autobiographical experiences without ruminating is critical to mental health, to our knowledge no research has directly examined the neural systems underlying this process. Methods Sixteen participants were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as they focused on negative autobiographical memories using cognitive strategies designed to facilitate (feel strategy) versus undermine (analyze and accept strategies) rumination. Results Two key findings were obtained. First, consistent with prior emotion regulation research using image-based stimuli, left prefrontal activity was observed during the implementation of all three strategies. Second, activity in a network of regions involved in self-referential processing and emotion, including subgenual anterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex, was highest in response to the feel strategy and lowest for the accept strategy. This pattern of activation mirrored participants' self-reports of negative affect when engaging in each strategy. Conclusions These findings shed light on the brain regions that distinguish adaptive versus maladaptive forms of reflecting on negative autobiographical memories and offer a novel, ecologically valid route to exploring the neural bases of emotion regulation using fMRI.
The Application Research of Topic Word List In Text Automatic Classification

When the traditional text classification technologies classify academic dissertations, the dimension of extracted feature terms is high, and they can't represent the theme of thesis. it makes the efficiency is very low and the accuracy rate is not high. The topic words are small in quantity and can reflect the theme of thesis well. Accordingly, the paper proposes to extract the topic words with topic word list and uses topic words as feature terms. Then using the Bayesian Classification method classifies vast texts. The experiments show that the Bayesian Classification method using topic words as feature terms can greatly reduce the dimension and improve the efficiency of classification, when the dimension of feature terms is equivalent, the accuracy of Bayesian Classification method using topic words as feature terms is also higher than the traditional Bayesian text classification methods.
Federalism and Policy Responsiveness: The Clean Air Case

In this note I focus on the importance of institutional federalism to public policy outcomes. The vehicle of analysis is national and subnational implementation of the clean air acts. Using Box-Tiao impact assessment models, I compare political responses from state and local clean air enforcement programs with the responses reported in my earlier study of EPA enforcements. The results show that responsiveness to central democratic institutions differs substantially when implementation is through a federal rather than a purely national scheme.
The mechanism of the histidinuria of pregnancy.

Summary Simultaneous blood levels and urinary excretion rates of 1-histidine were studied after its oral or intravenous administration. When given by vein, the histidine disappears from the blood stream with equal rapidity in both preg nant and nonpregnant women, which suggests that there is no interference with its utilization or destruction during gestation. Pregnant women, however, excrete a larger proportion of the histidine at. the same or even at lower blood levels, demonstrating a “lowered renal threshold.” When given orally, the same increased excretion rate at lower blood levels is noted during pregnancy, but the blood curves indicate a delayed absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. The decreased rate of absorption from both the gastrointestinal mucosa and the epithelium of the renal tubules observed in normal pregnancy may be due to the same inhibitory factor. Pregnancy histidinuria has been attributed in the past to a hormonal inhibition of liver histidase. The experiments which we describe, however, support the alternative hypothesis that it is due to an inhibition or interference with the renal tubular reabsorptive mechanism for this particular amino acid.
Patterning via self-organization and self-folding: Beyond conventional lithography

Conventional photolithography is an effective patterning technique that has enabled modern electronics and advanced micro- and nanoscale devices. However, it has limitations, including high cost, limited resolution, and poor compatibility with unconventional materials that may be soft, nonplanar, or difficult to process. There is active research ongoing to develop unconventional patterning methods such as self-organization and self-folding. Self-organization harnesses various driving forces to produce patterns without external intervention and includes methods such as self-assembly of block copolymers, capillary-driven assembly of micro-/nanoscale structures, and thin-film instabilities. Self-folding (origami)—and its cousin, kirigami—harnesses patterning and materials strategies to convert planar substrates into three-dimensional shapes in response to external stimuli. These multidisciplinary approaches open many engineering opportunities by providing new and versatile material functionalities. This article overviews the field and the topics covered in the articles in this issue of MRS Bulletin, highlighting recent progress in patterning approaches based on self-organization and self-folding.
Intra- and interspecies gene expression models for predicting drug response in canine osteosarcoma

Genomics-based predictors of drug response have the potential to improve outcomes associated with cancer therapy. Osteosarcoma (OS), the most common primary bone cancer in dogs, is commonly treated with adjuvant doxorubicin or carboplatin following amputation of the affected limb. We evaluated the use of gene-expression based models built in an intra- or interspecies manner to predict chemosensitivity and treatment outcome in canine OS. Models were built and evaluated using microarray gene expression and drug sensitivity data from human and canine cancer cell lines, and canine OS tumor datasets. The “COXEN” method was utilized to filter gene signatures between human and dog datasets based on strong co-expression patterns. Models were built using linear discriminant analysis via the misclassification penalized posterior algorithm. The best doxorubicin model involved genes identified in human lines that were co-expressed and trained on canine OS tumor data, which accurately predicted clinical outcome in 73 % of dogs (p = 0.0262, binomial). The best carboplatin model utilized canine lines for gene identification and model training, with canine OS tumor data for co-expression. Dogs whose treatment matched our predictions had significantly better clinical outcomes than those that didn’t (p = 0.0006, Log Rank), and this predictor significantly associated with longer disease free intervals in a Cox multivariate analysis (hazard ratio = 0.3102, p = 0.0124). Our data show that intra- and interspecies gene expression models can successfully predict response in canine OS, which may improve outcome in dogs and serve as pre-clinical validation for similar methods in human cancer research.
Low cost guidance for the Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) artillery rocket

The US Army Aviation and Missile Command has demonstrated the application of advanced technology to significantly improve the accuracy and range of the US Army's Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) through the Guided MLRS Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD). The addition of a cost-effective guidance and control package to the rocket results in a weapon system that can defeat the target at ranges up to 70 km with significantly fewer rounds. This not only increases the destructive capability of the system but also reduces the cost of the expended ammunition, the cost to transport the ammunition to the combat zone, and the number of launchers required to execute the mission. The guidance kit is housed in the nose of the MLRS and consists of an inertial measurement unit (IMU), four independent electro-mechanically actuated canards, a Global Position System (GPS) receiver, GPS antennas, a thermal battery, a guidance computer, and power supply electronics. Roll decoupling of the warhead and motor section was required to allow roll control of the guidance section to enable accurate inertial navigation and was accomplished by joining the two sections with a roll bearing. Five flight missiles were built and tested during the ATD. Two IMU vendors were selected to provide flight units (3 flights used vendor A and 2 flights used vendor B). A tightly coupled 8 channel GPS receiver was flown on all flights. This paper discusses the ATD development effort and presents flight test results.
Ovid, epistulae ex ponto 4.8, germanicus, and the fasti

In Epistulae ex Ponto 4.8, one of the last poems written from exile (dated to 15 or 16 c.e.), Ovid expresses his increasing hopes for Germanicus' assistance in effecting his recall to Rome. Though ostensibly addressed to his stepdaughter's father-in-law, P. Suillius Rufus, the poem contains a petition to Germanicus (27–88), as a poet to a poet, which promises future commemoration in Ovid's poetry if he is removed from Tomis: clausaque si misero patria est, ut ponar in ullo,qui minus Ausonia distet ab Vrbe loco,unde tuas possim laudes celebrare recentesmagnaque quam minima facta referre mora. (85–8)and if my country is closed against me in my misery, may I be placed in any place less distant from the Ausonian city, whence I might celebrate your praises while they are recent and relate your great deeds with the least delay.
Life History and Laboratory Rearing of Arhyssus lateralis (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae) with Descriptions of Immature Stages

The life history of Arhyssus lateralis (Say) was studied in Jackson County, Ill., May 1980–July 1982, and the immature stages were described. The bug was also reared from egg to adult in the laboratory. This bivoltine species overwinters as adults that become active in early to late May, begin feeding and copulating on the heads of maturing Rumex acetosella L., and lay eggs shortly thereafter; it occurs on this host into September. A. lateralis also feeds and reproduces on maturing R. crispus L. (June–August), Polygonum pensylvanicum L. (August–October), and P. hydropiperoides Michaux (August–October). Most eggs were laid singly on the four host plants and 1st–5th instars were never found off the hosts. Seasonal occurrence of the adults and subsequent immature stages is discussed. Adults were last observed during the third week of October. A. lateralis was reared on R. acetosella under a 16L:8D photoperiod at ca. 23.9°C. The incubation period averaged 9.19 days. The average durations of the five subsequent stadia were 4.98, 4.09, 4.08, 5.99, and 9.64 days, respectively.
DEVELOPMENTS IN GAS CORE NUCLEAR PROPULSION USING MHD DRIVEN VORTEX CONTAINMENT

The final results of a three year research effort to analyze the effectiveness of using magnetohydrodynamically driven vortices to contain uranium in a gas core nuclear propulsion system are presented. It is shown that the addition of MHD is very effective in overcoming the problems associated with the original vortex containment concept, effectively decoupling the vortex strength from the mass flow. Chemical analysis of the hydrogen-uranium-fluorine environment shows that the introduction of uranium as a fluoride will not stop condensation from occurring, however problems associated with it happening are shown to be of little consequence. A fundamental limit due to radiative heat transfer is found on the achievable specific impulse. It is shown to be weakly dependent on the chamber pressure, and with any forseeably achievable pumping pressure is limited to around 1200 seconds. The electrical conductivity of the flow is characterized in 2-D, and is shown to support the necessary current flow along the length of the high aspect ratio vortex tubes. From an analysis of the nuclear core, the mass of the reactor is estimated, allowing characterization of the the system's performance.
Analysis of the Airways Virome after Lung Transplantation and Its Association with Clinical Outcomes

s S135 patients had a favorable outcome after prolonged therapy. 2/6 had positive cultures at the time of the transplant (one despite therapy, one diagnosed at transplant) and both developed early recurrences and died within the first year of transplant. 20 patients developed de novo infections at a median of 15.5 months (0.5-132 months) post LTx. 10/20 did not receive treatment, despite the fact that 7 out of these 10 had some form of radiological abnormalities. 7/10 untreated patients cleared the infection spontaneously. None of the untreated cohort had deaths attributable to MAb infection. Out of the 10 patients who received MAb treatment, 7 died at a median of 41 months (12-83 months) after LTx, with 3 deaths being attributable to MAb infection. There was no relationship found between deaths/attributable deaths and macrolide resistance or rejection therapy. Conclusion: In patients who are infected with MAb pre-LTx, those with positive smear or culture at the time of transplant had poorer outcomes compared to those who had documented negative cultures. Half of the de novo Mab infections post-LTx were not treated without any MAb-attributable adverse outcomes.
Atom site preference and γ′/γ mismatch strain in NiAlCoTi superalloys

Abstract The structure and chemistry of Ni Co Al Ti quaternary superalloys are investigated at the microstructural and atomic scale. Atom probe tomograghy (APT) is used to quantify phase compositions and elemental partitioning behavior. Using aberration corrected electron microscopy, the site occupancy of the atoms within the A 3 B structure (L1 2 –type) γ ′ phase is determined via atomic resolution energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Ni is observed to preferentially occupy the A sub-lattice positions for all alloys, while Al and Ti occupy the B sub-lattice. In contrast, Co's site preference changes from a random distribution to the A sub-lattice as the alloy composition changes, in agreement with theoretical predictions from literature. Finally, the lattice strain across the γ ′/ γ interfaces is measured as a function of alloy composition.
Design of automobile taillight control system based on PROTEUS

The control system of automobile taillight is designed by using the software Proteus.The clock signal is generated by 555 timer,JK trigger is used to count,decoder 74HC138 is used to decode,the state of taillight is displaied by using the light-emitting diode.The design of the whole circuit is Completed.The circuit is simulated by Proteus,taillights of Automobile can display normally according to design requirements in normal driving,left turn,right turn and temporary brake state.The product is completed finally.The system has the advantages of simple structure,low price,convenient use and so on.it has certain practical value.
Use of Psychotropic Drugs by Mentally Retarded Adults in Community Programs

Use of psychotropic drugs has often facilitated the integration of mentally retarded individuals into the community. However, recent research suggests that drug use may at times be contraindicated due to behavioral side effects. This article reviews the widespread prevalence of psychotropic drug use among mentally retarded individuals and examines the behavioral toxicity associated with drug use. Also included is a discussion of issues that should be considered by behavioral researchers and direct service workers.
Barriers experienced by patients with multiple sclerosis in seeking care for lower urinary tract symptoms.

AIM The Actionable Bladder Symptom and Screening Tool (ABSST) is used to identify multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in possible need of evaluation for urinary symptoms. The primary objective of this study was to identify barriers experienced by MS patients in seeking evaluation for urinary symptoms. We also assessed the utility of ABSST tool in identifying patients that will follow up with urologic evaluation. METHODS This was a prospective observational study where 100 patients with MS were enrolled from an MS center. Patients completed demographic information, questions to assess barriers to care, a short form of the ABSST, and incontinence questionnaires. An ABSST score >3 met criteria for referral and evaluation. One year after enrollment, follow up calls assessed whether patients had seen a urinary specialist. RESULTS The most common barriers to seeking care included “Doctor never referred” (16%) and “Doctor never asked” (13%). Thirty-eight percent (n = 8/21) of men stated “Doctor never referred” compared to 10% (n = 8/79) of women (P = 0.002). Twenty-seven patients had an ABSST Score ≥3 and were more interested in seeing a specialist compared to those scoring <3 (88.9%, n = 24/27 vs. 26%, n = 19/73; P = <0.001). After 1 year, 70 patients were reached for follow up. A total of 57.9% (n = 11/19) patients who followed up for evaluation screened positive on the ABSST. CONCLUSIONS The ABSST is a valuable tool to identify MS patients with urinary symptoms who will likely follow up for genitourinary evaluation. However, other barriers beyond awareness exist and prevent patients from being evaluated.
Model predictive control of an underactuated spacecraft with two reaction wheels

This paper presents an application of model predictive control to the attitude dynamics of an underactuated spacecraft with two reaction wheels and zero angular momentum. Such a system cannot be stabilized by any smooth or continuous time-invariant feedback law. However, model predictive control has a remarkable ability to generate control laws that are discontinuous in the state and, as such, can be applied to this problem. The model predictive control formulation is analyzed in depth and shown to produce an asymptotically stabilizing controller, which is discontinuous and enforces constraints. Simulations on the full nonlinear model demonstrate that model predictive control can successfully control the attitude of an underactuated spacecraft when the attitude maneuvers are sufficiently small.
Reducing scan angle using adaptive prior knowledge for a limited-angle intrafraction verification (LIVE) system for conformal arc radiotherapy

The purpose of this study is to develop an adaptive prior knowledge guided image estimation technique to reduce the scan angle needed in the limited-angle intrafraction verification (LIVE) system for 4D-CBCT reconstruction. The LIVE system has been previously developed to reconstruct 4D volumetric images on-the-fly during arc treatment for intrafraction target verification and dose calculation. In this study, we developed an adaptive constrained free-form deformation reconstruction technique in LIVE to further reduce the scanning angle needed to reconstruct the 4D-CBCT images for faster intrafraction verification. This technique uses free form deformation with energy minimization to deform prior images to estimate 4D-CBCT based on kV-MV projections acquired in extremely limited angle (orthogonal 3°) during the treatment. Note that the prior images are adaptively updated using the latest CBCT images reconstructed by LIVE during treatment to utilize the continuity of the respiratory motion. The 4D digital extended-cardiac-torso (XCAT) phantom and a CIRS 008A dynamic thoracic phantom were used to evaluate the effectiveness of this technique. The reconstruction accuracy of the technique was evaluated by calculating both the center-of-mass-shift (COMS) and 3D volume-percentage-difference (VPD) of the tumor in reconstructed images and the true on-board images. The performance of the technique was also assessed with varied breathing signals against scanning angle, lesion size, lesion location, projection sampling interval, and scanning direction. In the XCAT study, using orthogonal-view of 3° kV and portal MV projections, this technique achieved an average tumor COMS/VPD of 0.4 ± 0.1 mm/5.5 ± 2.2%, 0.6 ± 0.3 mm/7.2 ± 2.8%, 0.5 ± 0.2 mm/7.1 ± 2.6%, 0.6 ± 0.2 mm/8.3 ± 2.4%, for baseline drift, amplitude variation, phase shift, and patient breathing signal variation, respectively. In the CIRS phantom study, this technique achieved an average tumor COMS/VPD of 0.7 ± 0.1 mm/7.5 ± 1.3% for a 3 cm lesion and 0.6 ± 0.2 mm/11.4 ± 1.5% for a 2 cm lesion in the baseline drift case. The average tumor COMS/VPD were 0.5 ± 0.2 mm/10.8 ± 1.4%, 0.4 ± 0.3 mm/7.3 ± 2.9%, 0.4 ± 0.2 mm/7.4 ± 2.5%, 0.4 ± 0.2 mm/7.3 ± 2.8% for the four real patient breathing signals, respectively. Results demonstrated that the adaptive prior knowledge guided image estimation technique with LIVE system is robust against scanning angle, lesion size, location and scanning direction. It can estimate on-board images accurately with as little as 6 projections in orthogonal-view 3° angle. In conclusion, adaptive prior knowledge guided image reconstruction technique accurately estimates 4D-CBCT images using extremely-limited angle and projections. This technique greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of LIVE system for ultrafast 4D intrafraction verification of lung SBRT treatments.
Somatic support following cardiac arrest for 90 days leading to a healthy baby boy: A case report.

Due to a lack of published case reports regarding the somatic support of brain dead pregnant patients, each one adds to the limited knowledge that directs care for this patient population. A young woman experienced a cardiac arrest and was subsequently determined to be approximately 20 weeks pregnant following cardio pulmonary resuscitation. Soon after, she was diagnosed as brain dead, but her family chose to keep her supported in hopes of the delivery of a healthy child. She was transferred to our facility, where she was supported after being diagnosed as brain dead for a total of 90 days and delivered a healthy baby boy at almost 32 weeks gestational age. Following delivery, the pregnant patient expired per brain death protocol. The following case report outlines the details of her care and the outcome of our somatic support to share and collaborate with other healthcare professionals caring for this rare patient population.
Site-Specific Covalent Conjugation of Modified mRNA by tRNA Guanine Transglycosylase

Modified mRNA (mod-mRNA) has recently been widely studied as the form of RNA useful for therapeutic applications due to its high stability and lowered immune response. Herein, we extend the scope of the recently established RNA-TAG (transglycosylation at guanosine) methodology, a novel approach for genetically encoded site-specific labeling of large mRNA transcripts, by employing mod-mRNA as substrate. As a proof of concept, we covalently attached a fluorescent probe to mCherry encoding mod-mRNA transcripts bearing 5-methylcytidine and/or pseudouridine substitutions with high labeling efficiencies. To provide a versatile labeling methodology with a wide range of possible applications, we employed a two-step strategy for functionalization of the mod-mRNA to highlight the therapeutic potential of this new methodology. We envision that this novel and facile labeling methodology of mod-RNA will have great potential in decorating both coding and noncoding therapeutic RNAs with a variety of diagnostic and funct...
Evaluation of Commercial β-Agonists, Dietary Protein, and Shade on Fecal Shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Feedlot Cattle.

Abstract Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogen commonly associated with cattle feces. Diet, including dietary supplements such as β-agonists, may impact fecal shedding of this pathogen. ...
Concordance of Adherence Measurement Using Self-Reported Adherence Questionnaires and Medication Monitoring Devices: An Updated Review.

As medication adherence continues to be a prevalent issue in today’s society, the methods used to monitor medication-taking behaviors are constantly being re-evaluated and compared in search of the ‘gold standard’ measure. Our review aimed to assess the current literature surrounding the correlation between self-reported questionnaires (SRQs) and electronic monitoring devices to determine if these measures produce similar results. We performed a literature search from 2009 to 2017 using PubMed, PubMed In-Process and Non-Indexed, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, and Ovid MEDLINE In-Process. A keyword search using the terms ‘patient compliance’, ‘treatment compliance’, ‘medication adherence’, ‘drug monitoring’, ‘drug therapy’, ‘electronic’, ‘digital’, ‘computer’, ‘monitor’, ‘monitoring’, ‘drug’, ‘pharmaceutical preparations’, ‘compliance’, and ‘medications’ was done to capture all articles. We included articles measuring adherence using both monitoring devices and SRQs. Thirty-five articles were included in this review. The average difference in measured adherence rates between the two measures was 9.2% (range −66.3 to 61.5). A majority (62.7%) of articles reported moderate (n = 12; 27.9%), high (n = 5, 11.6%), or significant (n = 10, 23.3%) correlations between SRQs and monitoring devices. Results from our review are consistent with previous studies, as we found that many of our studies produced moderate to high correlation between both SRQs and monitoring devices [Farmer, Clin Ther 21(6):1074–90 (1999), IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics. Avoidable costs in US health care (2012), Patel et al., Respirology 18(3):546–52 (2013), Siracusa et al., J Cyst Fibros 14(5):621–6 (2015), Smith et al., Int J Cardiol 145(1):122–3 (2010)]. Our findings demonstrate that self-reported adherence produces comparable results to electronic monitoring devices. As there is not yet a ‘gold standard’ measure for monitoring patient adherence, SRQs and Medication Event Monitoring Systems (MEMS) operating together continue to emerge as the preferred effective method for measuring medication adherence.
Low-temperature nitriding of nanocrystalline Inconel 718 alloy

Abstract Surface severe plastic deformation was induced in Inconel 718 alloy using ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM). Low-temperature gas nitriding was carried out on non-processed and UNSM-processed Inconel 718 samples. The microstructure and material properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, the Vickers hardness test, and wear and corrosion testing. The results demonstrated that gas nitriding efficiency was significantly enhanced by the UNSM treatment. Higher nitrogen concentration was observed in the surface layer of the UNSM samples. The nitride layer in the UNSM + nitriding sample exhibited an increased hardness over that of the nitriding sample and the UNSM treated sample. Additionally, both wear resistance and corrosion resistance were significantly improved in the UNSM + nitriding sample.
Quantifying the interactions of land management practices and agricultural productivity using a soil quality index

It is desirable to develop an objective Soil Quality Index (SQI) to guide sustainable agronomic intensification, thereby promoting socio-economic well-being. This study pioneers the use of Ward's cluster and principal component regression methods to evaluate soil homogeneity and construct a SQI (expressed as %). Field data were acquired from five different sites within Ohio, USA, that were under no-till (NT), conventional till (CT) management and natural vegetation (NV) land use. Soil pH, carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, nitrate and soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations were identified as primary drivers of soil quality. Based on Ward's cluster method, the soil properties of croplands were not significantly different from those under NV land use. However, SQI ranked surface soils under CT management as higher in quality than NV and NT managed soils, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) between SQI and corn (Zea mays L.) and soya bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields was 0.7 and 0.9, respectively, implying this SQI effectively relates soil properties, a function of anthropogenic land management practices, with crop yields. In future, time series analyses will be used to assess SQI versus crop yield dynamics, with key socio-economic and climate variables.
Robust neural network control of neural synchronization in the mutually coupled network

This paper proposes an adaptive neural network control combined with an input constraint to robustly sustain stable 1 : 1 in-phase synchrony in the presence of unknown deviations in the mutually coupled interneuron (MCI) network parameters. Learning algorithm such as the neural network algorithm (NN) estimates sodium, delayed rectier potassium, and leak channels in a Hodgkin-Huxley model. In addition, the error of 1 : 1 in-phase neural synchrony is ultimately uniformly bounded to zero despite the presence of heterogeneity in the MCI network. The premise on a synchrony problem is that a controller stimulates neurons such that the timing of an impending spike is modulated, but the stimulation itself does not induce action potential spikes. Hence, the saturation function combined with the adaptive controller is employed not to excess input constraint and robustly achieves 1 : 1 synchrony in-phase. Finally, the on-line update law of a NN algorithm is derived from Lyapunov analysis, so that the synchrony stability of uncertain MCI dynamics can be guaranteed.
Effect of printing speed on quality of printed parts in Binder Jetting Process

Abstract Binder Jetting Process is an Additive Manufacturing technique (AM) in which a liquid binder is employed for establishing the initial strength and fabricating the geometry of components. In this process, the delivery of the binding agent is accomplished through a drop-on-demand (DOD) printhead by deposition of picoliter-sized droplets of the liquid binder. The velocity of the droplets impinging the powder bed surface might have significant effect on droplet spreading and absorption dynamics, which can be manifested in quality and integrity of the fabricated parts. In the present study, the effect of the printing speed on dimensional accuracy and equilibrium saturation level of printed samples is experimentally investigated and the observed trends are discussed in detail.
An Alternative Account of Clinical Ethics: Leveraging the Strength of the Health Care Team

White and colleagues (2018) portray the “pioneer” clinical ethics consultants who entered U.S. health care institutions starting about 50 years ago primarily as outsiders. Although some were outsid...
SatX10: a scalable plug&play parallel SAT framework

We propose a framework for SAT researchers to conveniently try out new ideas in the context of parallel SAT solving without the burden of dealing with all the underlying system issues that arise when implementing a massively parallel algorithm. The framework is based on the parallel execution language X10, and allows the parallel solver to easily run on both a single machine with multiple cores and across multiple machines, sharing information such as learned clauses.
Cytokine-Dependent Interleukin-8 Expression and its Role in Cell Communication

The cascade of events that lead to the passage of immune cells from the vascular bed to a site of interstitial inflammation is extremely complex. For successful leukodiapedesis to occur, granulocytes must first physically adhere to endothelial cells that line post-capillary venules and then undergo directed migration in response to established chemotactic gradients. The transendothelial trafficking of these inflammatory cells occurs in the presence of altered blood vessel hemodynamics, vascular permeability changes and procoagulant activation. The importance of the chemotactic response is exemplified by the fact that normal elicitation still proceeds even during dramatic alterations in vessel hemostasis. The local environment may also contain a plethora of additional immune mediators, providing competition for these established chemotactic gradients. In this manuscript, we address various aspects of leukocyte elicitation and demonstrate the importance of proximal cytokines to a successful chemotactic response.
Carbon Cap and Trade

Cap and trade comes in two parts: a cap on total emissions and a system that allows trading to achieve that limit as cost-effectively as possible. The resulting market and price on emissions create incentives for reducing carbon pollution. Properly designed, carbon cap and trade can be a powerful tool in the fight to avert the most dangerous consequences of global warming. It has increasingly been shown as such around the world.
Mechanistic Theoretical Investigation of Self-Discharge Reactions in a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

Compared to the studies of new electrolyte and electrode chemistries aimed to push the energy and power density of battery systems, investigations of self-discharge reactions contributing to capacity fading are still very limited, especially at the molecular level. Herein, we present a computational study of oxidation-reduction reactions between vanadium ions in solution leading to battery self-discharge due to the crossover of vanadium species through the membrane in all-vanadium redox flow batteries (RFB). By utilizing Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics (CPMD) based metadynamics simulations in combination with the Marcus electron transfer theory, we examine the energetics of condensation reactions between aqueous vanadium ions to form dimers and their subsequent dissociation into vanadium species of different oxidation states after electron transfer has occurred. Our results suggest that multiple self-discharge reaction pathways could be possible under the vanadium RFB operation conditions. The study underscores the complexity of vanadium polymerization reactions in aqueous solutions with coupled electron and proton transfer processes that can lead to the formation of various mixed-valence vanadium polymeric structures.
Who Gets Swindled in Ponzi Schemes

Extant knowledge of Ponzi schemes in the accounting and finance literature is mainly anecdotal. The consequence of this is that it is difficult to know what, if anything, can be done to deter these frauds. We seek to fill part of our knowledge gap about Ponzi schemes by providing large-scale evidence based on a sample of 376 Ponzi schemes prosecuted by the SEC between 1988 and 2012. Our evidence indicates that the majority of SEC-prosecuted schemes involve sums that are much lower than those in the highly visible frauds perpetrated by Bernard Madoff and Allen Stanford. The mean duration of Ponzi schemes in our sample is about four years and these schemes have a mean (median) average per-investor investment of around $431,700 ($87,800). Ponzi schemes are more likely to occur in U.S. states where the citizenry is inherently more trusting. The ex post success of a Ponzi scheme (as measured by duration, total amount invested, or the percentage cut to perpetrators) tends to be greater when an affinity link is present, the elderly are targeted, and whether the perpetrator provides financial incentives to third-parties to recruit victims into the scheme.
Relationship between Descriptive Flavor and Texture Attributes on Volatiles of Ground Beef

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to better understand the impacts of various ground beef formulation methods on volatile aromatic compounds through GC/MS/Olfactory and trained descriptive sensory panel analysis. Materials and MethodsSixteen treatments including 4 meat sources (chuck, regular, sirloin, round), 2 fat percentages (10 and 20%), and 2 grind treatments (6.4 mm grind and bowl chopped) were formulated Patties were formed with a patty maker using a 2.54 cm mold and cooked on a commercial flat top to an internal temperature of 70°C. Samples for GC analysis (n = 124) were placed in glass jars with a Teflon cover and allowed to thaw in a 70°C water bath. A SPME was inserted into each jar and the headspace was collected for 2 h. The SPME was injected into a multi-dimensional GC/MS/Olfactory machine and aroma compounds were separated, identified, and smelled. A trained descriptive attribute panel evaluated 144 samples for beef flavor and texture attributes using the Beef Lexicon (Adhikari et al., 2011). ResultsPartial least squares regression biplot were developed to illustrate trained descriptive flavor panel and volatile aromatic compounds that contributed to flavor. A cluster of beef flavor identity, roasted, umami, refrigerator stale, and cooked milk flavor attributes, as well as 2-(hexyloxy)-ethanol, decanal, 2-heptanone, hexanoic acid, and 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine volatile compounds, and chuck bowl chopped 20% lipid and sirloin 6.4 mm 20% lipid ground beef treatments were identified as contributing positively to flavor and texture. A cluster of butanoic acid, trimethyl-pyrazine, 3-methyl-butanal, 2-propanone, 2-butanone, 2-ethyl-6-methyl-pyrazine, acetic acid, methanethiol, octane, 2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine, and 2-ethyl-5-methyl-pyrazine, medicinal flavor, and round 6.4 mm 20% ground beef patties represents attributes that positively impacted flavor, but negatively impacted texture. A majority of the volatile compounds positively impacted perception of flavor. Volatile compounds were positively associated with texture. Bitter, liver-like, and sour descriptive attributes, as well as 2-nonenal clustered indicating both a negative impact for texture and flavor. A cluster surrounding particle size, springiness, petroleum like, burnt, and smoky charcoal flavor attributes, 2-methyl-butanal and 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-pyrazine volatile compounds, and regular 6.4 mm 20% fat, chuck 6.4 mm 20% fat, regular bowl chopped 20% fat, round bowl chopped 20% fat, and sirloin bowl chopped 10% fat treatments, clustered indicating a negative impact on flavor but positive impact on texture. ConclusionThis study confirmed that fat level contributes to flavor development but is one of the first to highlight the importance of ground beef texture to the eating experience. Differences in relationships among beef flavor attributes, texture attributes, and aromatic volatiles are present through the manipulation of meat source, fat percentage, and grind treatments.
The Analysis of Vagueness and Ambiguity in the Language

Vagueness and ammbiguity are both the basic nature of English.These are very different concepts.As the advancement of the society and technology,vagueness will be great useful in the field of the technology and science.So,it is necessary to distinguish them both and enable people to understand them clearly.For this purpose,this paper analyses them both from the point of the concepts,characters and the make-ups.
What Makes a Difference in Patient Safety when Designing, Implementing and Evaluating Clinical Decision Support Systems?:

Clinical decision support (CDS) has become an important component of all health settings. Despite a long history of research on their design and implementation, their use is still suboptimal. Uniqu...
Optimization of algal turf scrubber (ATS) technology through targeted harvest rate

Abstract Algal turf scrubbers (ATSs) may remediate wastewater while growing valuable filamentous macroalgal biomass. We introduce a new method to estimate growth rate on ATS and optimize harvest rate maximizing biomass production. 12 ATS (0.10 × 0.25 m surface area) each grew polycultures at 27 °C, 32 °C, and 45 °C with replete BG11 media. Every three days, we harvested one ATS and dried and weighted algae biomass until all 12 ATS were used. Growth rate was highest at 32 °C with r = 0.32 ± 0.04. To optimize harvest rate at 32 °C, four ATS each were harvested every 7, 14, or 21 days over two months. We found that optimal harvest rate for biomass production was between one to two weeks. Nutrient absorption was not influenced by harvest rate. Increased biomass (potentially also of bacteria) observed on ATS that were harvested less frequently may offset the increased growth rates observed in the more frequent harvest treatments.
Latent hardening/softening behavior in tension and torsion combined loadings of single crystal FCC micropillars

Abstract In metallic materials, the activation of one slip system increases the flow strength of other slip systems, which is phenomenon known as latent hardening. This latent hardening behavior has been understood by the “forest hardening” mechanism arising from mutual dislocation interactions at the continuum length scale. As the size of a sample decreases to the submicron scale, the interactions between dislocations become increasingly sparse, so plastic deformation is instead governed mainly by dislocation sources. In this paper, we use three-dimensional dislocation dynamics (DD) simulations to examine plastic deformation in single crystalline Cu micropillars subjected to two types of combined loading conditions: tension after torsion and torsion after tension. These combined loadings are then compared with simple tension and pure torsion, respectively. We find that there exists a transition from latent hardening to latent softening in 600 nm samples undergoing tension after torsion. The systematic computational and theoretical model described here suggests explosive multiplication causes dislocation density to greatly increase, giving rise to latent softening in those micropillars under tension after torsion.
Location, location, location: A tubal neighborhood unfriendly to implantation

Reduced adrenomedullin secretion by tubal epithelial cells results in increased macrophage function and increased susceptibility to ectopic pregnancy.
Dynamic Prioritization of Critical Loads for Sustaining Power Distribution Systems upon Islanding

Large-scale integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in the power distribution system has challenged the conventional notion of a radial system with unidirectional power flow. The bi-directional flow of power from the consumer end raises concern for the protection systems in place to detect islanding phenomenon. However, the current standards/practices do not allow the DERs in an electric distribution system to stay connected in islanded mode except in a micro-grid mode of operation, which has designated controllers to maintain the stability of an islanded system. The work presented in this paper proposes the implementation of a technique to assign distinct priority levels to various critical loads in real-time based on voltage sensitivity factor. The proposed module decides the shedding order of these loads in real time depending upon system operating conditions in order to sustain an island from the point of disconnection stabilizing the power balance within the island.
26 – Cellular Dynamics

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the physiological aspects of intracellular processes and presents an overview of the cell structure and cell metabolism. Basic concepts of metabolic dynamics are also discussed in the chapter. Living things are commonly distinguished from the nonliving by the ability of living organisms to perform activities that have a biological purpose. Underlying all such activities are the fundamental chemical processes of the organism. Cells are the fundamental structural and functional units of all known living organisms. Some living organisms, such as the many types of bacteria, consist of a single cell only, while the human body contains about one trillion cells. Much of present-day biological research implicitly assumes that the properties of living organisms are simply the aggregate of properties of isolated cells, with the proviso that intercellular interactions may modify these properties. The internal properties of cells are far better understood than most intercellular interactions.
The Use of a Digital Problem-Based Learning Module in Science Methods Courses

Teacher education in Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is requisite for improving and increasing K-12 PBL implementations. A free, online PBL module entitled “Design a Problem-Based Learning Experience” was developed for preservice and inservice teachers. This article describes how the module is used in preserve teacher science methods courses, experiences before and after the module use, and the perceptions of sixty-two teacher candidates (TCs) after module completion. The results revealed that TCs generally had positive attitudes about the module. TCs in elementary level courses had significantly higher rating than secondary level courses. Graduate TCs also rated significantly higher than undergraduate students. Analysis of interview data revealed three features of the PBL module: (1) it is concise and organized, (2) it provides effective and practical examples, and (3) it provides interactive and rigorous videos to engage learners. Potential ways to improve the online PBL are discussed.
Chaotic markers in dynamic diffraction

In a dynamic far-field diffraction experiment, we calculate the largest Lyapunov exponent of a time series obtained from the optical fluctuations in a dynamic diffraction pattern. The time series is used to characterize the locomotory predictability of an oversampled microscopic species. We use a live nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, as a model organism to demonstrate our method. The time series is derived from the intensity at one point in the diffraction pattern. This single time series displays chaotic markers in the locomotion of the Caenorhabditis elegans by reconstructing the multidimensional phase space. The average largest Lyapunov exponent (base e) associated with the dynamic diffraction of 10 adult wildtype (N2) Caenorhabditis elegans is 1.27±0.03s-1.
User-Centered Design of the consideRATE Questions, a Measure of People's Experiences When They Are Seriously Ill

Abstract Context No brief patient-reported experience measure focuses on the most significant concerns of seriously ill individuals. Objectives The objective of the study was to develop the consideRATE questions. Methods This user-centered design study had three phases. We reviewed the literature and consulted stakeholders, including caregivers, clinicians, and researchers, to identify the elements of care most important to patients (Phase 1). We refined items based on cognitive interviews with patients, families, and clinicians (Phase 2). We piloted the measure with patients and families (Phase 3). Results Phase 1 resulted in seven questions addressing the following elements: 1) care team attention to patients' physical symptoms, 2) emotional symptoms, 3) environment of care, 4) respect for patients' priorities, 5) communication about future plans, 6) communication about financial and similar affairs, and 7) communication about illness trajectory. Phase 2 participants included eight patients, eight family members, and seven clinicians. We added an open-text comment option. We did not identify any other issues that were important enough to participants to include. Response choices ranged from one (very bad) to four (very good), with a not applicable option (does not apply). Phase 3 involved 15 patients and 16 family members and demonstrated the acceptability of the consideRATE questions. Most reported that the questions were not distressing, disruptive, or confusing. Completion time averaged 2.4 minutes (range 1–5). Conclusion Our brief patient-reported serious illness experience measure is based on what matters most to patients, families, and clinicians. It was acceptable to patients and families in a regional sample. It has promise for use in clinical settings.