cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of pediatric ATD biofidelity as compared to child volunteers in low-speed far-side oblique and lateral impacts.

Objective: Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of injury and mortality for children. Mitigation of these injuries requires biofidelic anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) to design and evaluate automotive safety systems. Effective countermeasures exist for frontal and near-side impacts but are limited for far-side impacts. Consequently, far-side impacts represent increased injury and mortality rates compared to frontal impacts. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biofidelity of the Hybrid III and Q-series pediatric ATDs in low-speed far-side impacts, with and without shoulder belt pretightening.Methods: Low-speed (2 g) far-side oblique (60°) and lateral (90°) sled tests were conducted using the Hybrid III and Q-series 6- and 10-year-old ATDs. ATDs were restrained by a lap and shoulder belt equipped with a precrash belt pretightener. Photoreflective targets were attached to the head, spine, shoulders, and sternum. ATDs were exposed to 8 low-speed sled tests: 2 oblique nontightened, 2...
Perceived burdensomeness, fearlessness of death, and suicidality among deployed military personnel

Abstract The interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide posits that the interaction of three elements is required for lethal suicidal behaviors: the perception that one is a burden on others, the perception that one does not belong, and fearlessness about death combined with high pain tolerance (termed “acquired capability” for suicide). Although an ever expanding research base supports the theory, very limited data exist supporting the theory among military personnel, a group that has experienced a rapid increase in suicides during the past several years. The current study tests the interpersonal-psychological theory in two clinical samples of military personnel while deployed to Iraq: those seeking treatment for mild traumatic brain injury, and those seeking outpatient mental health treatment. In both samples, perceived burdensomeness and acquired capability were significantly associated with suicidality, as was their interaction term. Results partially support the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide, and indicate that perceptions of burdensomeness combined with fearlessness about death are associated with increased suicidality among deployed military personnel.
Mammalian cortical granules: Contents, fate, and function

Recent studies have extended our knowledge regarding the contents of mammalian cortical granules (CG) and their function in postfertilization events. Cytochemical staining has demonstrated the presence of carbohydrates within mammalian CG, and lectin-binding studies have shown that these carbohydrates include α-Dmannose, α-D-GalNAc, and galactose residues in the hamster, α-D-mannose in the mouse and cat, and β-D-Gal(1,3)-D-GalNAc in the pig. Following fertilization and artificial activation, mannosylated material is released from CG and can be found on the oolemma and within the perivitelline space (PVS) of hamster oocytes. Fertilized or artificially activated rabbit, mouse, and human oocytes also release mannosylated, fucosylated and sialylated, and fucosylated material, respectively, which localizes to the oolemma. These glycosylated materials are probably of CG origin, although they have not been directly localized to the CG in rabbit, mice, and humans. The function(s) of the glycosylated material released from mammalian oocytes is not known, although it may participate in blocking polyspermy at the level of the plasma membrane, PVS, and/or zona pellucida (ZP), or it may facilitate preimplantation embryonic development. Proteinases, including tissue plasminogen activator, are also released from mammalian oocytes following fertilization and artificial activation, suggesting that they are of CG origin. These proteinases modify the ZP such that it is no longer receptive to sperm, and some proteinases have been suggested to bring about ZP hardening (an increased resistance to denaturing agents) by an unknown mechanism. Mouse ZP may also be hardened by an ovoperoxidase (cross-links tyrosine residues) cytochemically identified in mouse CG and CG exudate. The phenomena of ZP hardening in mammalian zygotes is not well understood but is likely to function in blocking polyspermic penetration of the ZP and/or in protecting embryos during preimplantation development. Recently, a 75 kD protein (p75) has been immunocytochemically localized to mouse CG and to the PVS of fertilized oocytes and two-cell embryos. The identity and function of p75 remains to be determined. Heparin binding placental protein may also be a CG component, since it is released from hamster oocytes following fertilization. It has not, however, been directly demonstrated to be a CG component, and its functions in fertilization and/or early embryonic development have yet to be defined. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
No evidence for frequency-dependent selection acting between clones of the water flea, Daphnia magna

No evidence for frequency-dependent selection acting between clones of the water flea, Daphnia magna
Floral homeotic gene expression defines developmental arrest stages in Brassica oleracea L. vars. botrytis and italica.

Brassica oleracea L. vars.italica (broccoli) andbotrytis (cauliflower) both undergo developmental arrests which result in heading phenotypes. We characterized these arrested tissues at the morphological and molecular levels, and defined the developmental changes that ensue after arrest has been broken. We found that the order of floral organ initiation and the positions of resulting floral organ primordia in this species differed in some respects from that ofArabidopsis, which is a member of the same family, Brassicaceae. We also cloned homologs of theArabidopsis floral homeotic genesAPETALA1 (AP1) andAPETALA3 (AP3) fromB. oleracea and characterized their expression patterns. We found that theAP1 homolog was expressed in some of the meristems of arrest-stage cauliflower, providing evidence that this tissue is florally determined. In broccoli, both the API andAP3 homologs were expressed. However, the spatial pattern of expression of the broccoliAP1 homolog differed from that ofArabidopsis. In addition, we identified a homolog of theCAULIFLOWER (CAL) gene,BoiCAL, from broccoli. The predicted amino acid sequence indicated that theBoiCAL gene product does not contain the mutation thought to be responsible for the early arrest exhibited in cauliflower (Kempin et al. 1995), but contains other changes that might play a role in the broccoli heading phenotype.
A search for alpha instability in 184Os

An isotopically-enriched and purified sample of the naturally-occurring nuclide 184Os has been counted in an attempt to observe α instability. No activity was observed. From an analysis of the counting data, a lower limit for the alpha decay half-life of 184Os is deduced, with 95% confidence, to be compared with the theoretical value of the half-life of 184Os which, because of mass uncertainties, ranges from about 5 × 109 yr to 4 × 1014 yr.
Two Recursion Theoretic Characterizations of Proof Speed-Ups

Smullyan in [Smu61] identified the recursion theoretic essence of incompleteness results such as Godel's first incompleteness theorem and Rosser's theorem. Smullyan (improving upon [Kle50] and [Kle52]) showed that, for sufficiently complex theories, the collection of provable formulae and the collection of refutable formulae are effectively inseparable—where formulae and their Godel numbers are identified. This paper gives a similar treatment for proof speed-up. We say that a formal system S 1 is speedable over another system S 0 on a set of formulae A iff, for each recursive function h , there is a formula α in A such that the length of the shortest proof of α in S 0 is larger than h of the shortest proof of α in S 1 . (Here we equate the length of a proof with something like the number of characters making it up, not its number of lines.) We characterize speedability in terms of the inseparability by r.e. sets of the collection of formulae which are provable in S 1 but unprovable in S 0 from the collection A –where again formulae and their Godel numbers are identified. We provide precise definitions of proof length, speedability and r.e. inseparability below. We follow the terminology and notation of [Rog87] with borrowings from [Soa87]. Below, ϕ is an acceptable numbering of the partial recursive functions [Rog87] and Φ a (Blum) complexity measure associated with ϕ [Blu67], [DW83].
Detection of Edges in Spectral Data III--Refinement of the Concentration Method

Edge detection from Fourier spectral data is important in many applications including image processing and the post-processing of solutions to numerical partial differential equations. The concentration method, introduced by Gelb and Tadmor in 1999, locates jump discontinuities in piecewise smooth functions from their Fourier spectral data. However, as is true for all global techniques, the method yields strong oscillations near the jump discontinuities, which makes it difficult to distinguish true discontinuities from artificial oscillations. This paper introduces refinements to the concentration method to reduce the oscillations. These refinements also improve the results in noisy environments. One technique adds filtering to the concentration method. Another uses convolution to determine the strongest correlations between the waveform produced by the concentration method and the one produced by the jump function approximation of an indicator function. A zero crossing based concentration factor, which creates a more localized formulation of the jump function approximation, is also introduced. Finally, the effects of zero-mean white Gaussian noise on the refined concentration method are analyzed. The investigation confirms that by applying the refined techniques, the variance of the concentration method is significantly reduced in the presence of noise.
Using psychometric analysis to evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the Coping Response Indices

The Coping Response Indices developed by Billings and Moos (1984a) are frequently used in stress research in the social science and clinical fields. These indices were originally developed in a clinical setting using a conceptual process rather than psychometric methods. This study investigates the factorial structure of the Coping Response Indices scale using a nonclinical sample. Principal components analysis with varimax rotation yields three distinct dimensions within the scale. Considerable support is found for the conceptualization of the Coping Response Indices, as proposed by Billings and Moos. There is also some indication, however, that the conceptualization and measurement of the indices need further revision and testing, especially if they are to be used in social science research.
An evaluation of salivary scintigraphy in sögren's syndrome

Sequential salivary scintigraphy, labial salivary gland biopsy, and measurement of stimulated parotid flow rate were performed in 50 patients suspected of having Sjogren's syndrome. The value of these tests in the diagnosis of this disease was compared. Salivary scintigraphy and labial salivary gland biopsy can be used together to diagnose the oral component of Sjogren's syndrome. Abnormal salivary scintigraphy correlated with both of the other tests and may be considered optional in the diagnostic evaluation.
Vaccine development in the twenty-first century: changing paradigms for elusive viruses.

Vaccine development and licensure for new viral diseases is a complex enterprise. In the past, pathogenic viruses might have been simply attenuated or inactivated to generate an effective vaccine. Such vaccines had an enormous impact on the spread of common viral diseases and have resulted in extraordinary improvements in personal and public health. However, as the frequency of epidemic disease has receded, public tolerance for adverse effects has diminished. Today, the perceived risk-to-benefit ratio for an individual must be lower than ever if a new vaccine is to be acceptable to the public. Even when objective data indicate that adverse events are rare and efficacy is nearly 100%, some vaccines have been anecdotally linked to prevalent disease conditions in popular opinion, creating a perception of harm and evading scientific rebuttal. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2009); 86 3, 234–236. doi:10.1038/clpt.2009.128
Child welfare outcomes for youth in care as a result of parental death or parental incarceration

Abstract Every day, in the United States, children are removed from their homes and placed into state supervised out-of-home care because of concerns around their safety. These children enter care as a result of child abuse, child neglect, abandonment or some other reasons. Lost in most discussions of out-of-home care is the role that parental incarceration and parental death have on the trajectory of children through the child welfare system. In order to address this gap in the literature, the present study aims to compare youth in foster care as a result of parental death or youth in foster care as a result of parental incarceration with youth in care because of child maltreatment in terms of the length of time to achieve permanency. Holding all other variables constant, entering care as a result of parental death more than doubled the average time to exit (HR = 2.32, SE = 0.22), and these youth were significantly less likely to exit to permanency when compared to children entering care for other maltreatment reasons (OR = 0.35, SE = 0.24). Entering care as a result of parental incarceration led to a 24% longer time to exit (HR = 1.24, SE = 0.09) compared to children entering care for other maltreatment reasons. Findings suggest that a one-size-fits-all approach to policy and practice may not be useful to identifying permanent placements for children entering care as a result of parental death or incarceration.
Memory latency and thread migration challenges for distributed shared memory systems

Distributed shared memory systems have received considerable interest since the concept was originally proposed by Kai Li (1986). In such systems networks of workstations can be used to solve computationally intensive problems. Straightforward implementation of DSMs have suffered performance penalties. This has led to various relaxed memory consistency models that offer opportunities for optimizing performance of DSM systems. To further improve the performance and eliminate false sharing, various DSM systems have tried numerous ad hoc techniques (e.g. combining several messages into a single message, permitting multiple writers to the same page). In a majority of these systems, the DSMs have been implemented on top of an existing OS kernel. This in itself has limited the performance as well as flexibility. The authors propose a new multithreaded-architecture for tolerating memory latencies. They also present some challenges to DSM system for supporting the multithreaded programming model and how the new architectures can aid in this regard.
Viral myocarditis: from the perspective of the virus.

Viral myocarditis has been recognized as a cause of congestive heart failure for >50 years, but it is still a challenging disease to diagnose and treat.1,2 The history and clinical features are often nonspecific, and practical serological markers are not available during the acute phase of the disease. Even after proper diagnosis, no clinically proven treatment exists to inhibit the development of subsequent dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and, in some cases, death. Accordingly, to facilitate future scientific work into this difficult clinical entity, this review proposes a clinical paradigm that focuses on the phases of viral infection and the molecular insights that are important for these phases of the infectious process with a focus on interactions between the virus and the cardiac myocyte. Myocarditis is defined as inflammation of the heart muscle. The gold standard for diagnosis has been the Dallas criteria based on histopathology from an endomyocardial biopsy.3 It is now recognized that the Dallas criteria are not sensitive for myocarditis because they do not consider the presence of viral genome in the heart.4 Furthermore, an invasive procedure is required to obtain a sample of the myocardium. Many viruses have been implicated as causes of myocarditis. These most commonly include adenoviruses and enteroviruses such as the coxsackieviruses. Recently, parvovirus B19 has been associated with a significant percentage of patients diagnosed with myocarditis and DCM.5 However, a growing body of data indicates that parvovirus is present in a large percentage of patients who do not have myocarditis.6–8 Of the viruses that cause myocarditis, the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with coxsackieviral infection of the heart have been most thoroughly investigated with murine models. Therefore, the mechanistic experiments described in this review focus primarily, but not exclusively, on coxsackieviral myocarditis. It is important to note that coxsackieviruses …
Methods of computational intelligence

Comparison of various methods of computational intelligence are presented and illustrated with examples. These methods include neural networks, fuzzy systems, and evolutionary computation. The presentation is focused on neural networks, their learning algorithms and special architectures. General learning rule as a function of the incoming signals is discussed. Other learning rules such as Hebbian learning, perceptron learning, LMS (least mean square) learning, delta learning, WTA (winner take all) learning, and PCA (principal component analysis) are presented as a derivation of the general learning rule. Architecture specific learning algorithms for cascade correlation networks, Sarajedini and Hecht-Nielsen networks, functional link networks, polynomial networks, counterpropagation networks, RBF (radial basis function) networks are described.
Chicago community-based asthma intervention trial: feasibility of delivering peer education in an inner-city population.

Themost effective means of educating children with asthma and theirfamilies has not been clearly demonstrated in previous studies. Peereducation is uniquely suited to the complex problems encountered inunderserved populations. The purpose of this study was to show thefeasibility of delivering a peer education program for children withasthma and the effect of the program on indoor allergen levels in aninner-city population in Chicago. Overall, the program was wellreceived. Baseline allergen levels were consistent with some previousstudies in showing low levels of mite allergens and high levels ofcockroach allergens, with 79.6% of samples having levels > 8 U/g. Atotal of 28.2% of samples had cat allergen levels > 2 μg/g, although only 9.7% of homes had cats, confirming previous reports thatcat allergen is ubiquitous. Mold levels were seasonal, with the highestlevels in the summer. Results from this study suggest that interventionprograms should focus more on elimination of cockroaches than waspreviously appreciated, while minimizing the use of pesticides, and onidentification of the sources of cat allergen. Structural andpsychosocial issues in homes need to be addressed in future studies. This study has demonstrated the feasibility of delivering peereducation in a inner-city population and highlighted the need forcomprehensive intervention strategies addressing complex issues facingunderservedneighborhoods.
Monoaminergic tone supports conductance correlations and stabilizes activity features in pattern generating neurons of the lobster, Panulirus interruptus

Experimental and computational studies demonstrate that different sets of intrinsic and synaptic conductances can give rise to equivalent activity patterns. This is because the balance of conductances, not their absolute values, defines a given activity feature. Activity-dependent feedback mechanisms maintain neuronal conductance correlations and their corresponding activity features. This study demonstrates that tonic nM concentrations of monoamines enable slow, activity-dependent processes that can maintain a correlation between the transient potassium current (I(A) and the hyperpolarization activated current (Ih) over the long-term (i.e., regulatory change persists for hours after removal of modulator). Tonic 5 nM DA acted through an RNA interference silencing complex (RISC)- and RNA polymerase II-dependent mechanism to maintain a long-term positive correlation between I(A) and Ih in the lateral pyloric neuron (LP) but not in the pyloric dilator neuron (PD). In contrast, tonic 5 nM 5HT maintained a RISC-dependent positive correlation between I(A) and Ih in PD but not LP over the long-term. Tonic 5 nM OCT maintained a long-term negative correlation between I(A) and Ih in PD but not LP; however, it was only revealed when RISC was inhibited. This study also demonstrated that monoaminergic tone can also preserve activity features over the long-term: the timing of LP activity, LP duty cycle and LP spike number per burst were maintained by tonic 5 nM DA. The data suggest that low-level monoaminergic tone acts through multiple slow processes to permit cell-specific, activity-dependent regulation of ionic conductances to maintain conductance correlations and their corresponding activity features over the long-term.
The use of case marking for predictive processing in second language Japanese

Research on processing in English has shown that verb information facilitates predictive processing. Because Japanese verbs occur at the ends of clauses, this information cannot be used to predict the roles of preceding nominals. Kamide, Altmann and Haywood (2003) showed that native Japanese speakers use case markers to predict forthcoming linguistic items. In the present study, we investigated whether second language learners of Japanese demonstrate such predictive effects when processing sentences containing either the monotransitive or ditransitive constructions. A visual-world paradigm experiment showed that, although native speakers generated predictions for syntactic outcomes, the learners did not. These findings underscore the usefulness of morphosyntactic information in processing Japanese and indicate that learners fail to make full use of case markers to generate expectations regarding syntactic outcomes during online processing. Learners may rely on nonlinguistic information to compensate for this deficit in syntactic processing.
Speed Control: Spinal Interneurons with Crossed Purposes

A recent study has revealed that different populations of commissural spinal interneurons ensure limb alternation at different speeds of locomotion.
Approaching the theoretical limits of a mesh NoC with a 16-node chip prototype in 45nm SOI

In this paper, we present a case study of our chip prototype of a 16-node 4×4 mesh NoC fabricated in 45nm SOI CMOS that aims to simultaneously optimize energy-latency-throughput for unicasts, multicasts and broadcasts. We first define and analyze the theoretical limits of a mesh NoC in latency, throughput and energy, then describe how we approach these limits through a combination of microarchitecture and circuit techniques. Our 1.1V 1GHz NoC chip achieves 1-cycle router-and-link latency at each hop and energy-efficient router-level multicast support, delivering 892Gb/s (87.1% of the theoretical bandwidth limit) at 531.4mW for a mixed traffic of unicasts and broadcasts. Through this fabrication, we derive insights that help guide our research, and we believe, will also be useful to the NoC and multicore research community.
Preliminary results in range-only localization and mapping

This paper presents methods of localization using cooperating landmarks (beacons) that provide the ability to measure range only. Recent advances in radio frequency technology make it possible to measure range between inexpensive beacons and a transponder Such a method has tremendous benefit since line of sight is not required between the beacons and the transponder and because the data association problem can be completely avoided. If the positions of the beacons are known, measurements from multiple beacons can be combined using probability grids to provide an accurate estimate of robot location. This estimate can be improved by using Monte Carlo techniques and Kalman filters to incorporate odometry data. Similar methods can be used to solve the simultaneous localization and mapping problem (SLAM) when beacon locations are uncertain. Experimental results are presented for robot localization. Tracking and SLAM algorithms are demonstrated in simulation.
MULTIPLE BOWEN'S DISEASE OF THE FINGERS ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS TYPE 16

Background. The occurrence of multiple Bowen's disease (bd) in skin away from the anogenital area is rare. In contrast, multiple lesions of bd involving the anogenital skin (bowenoid papulosis) are not so rare and have been found to associated with human papilloma virus (hpv) usually type 16. We encountered a patient with multiple BD of the fingers and endeavored to detect hpv in his lesions. Methods. Separate bd lesions from 3 fingers of the patient were investigated for the presence of hpv by means of the polymerase chain reaction, followed by dot blot hybridization. Other cases of bd with coexistent HPV infection excluding the anogenital area were collected from the literature for comparative study. Resultshpv type 16 was detected in each of the three finger lesions of bd. Twenty cases of hpv related bd involving sites other than the anogenital area were found in the literature. Three of these cases had multiple lesions. Conclusions. Review of the 4 cases with multiple hpv related nonanogenital bd and the 17 others with solitary lesions reveals predilection for the hands and feet (90%) and affinity for type 16 infection (81%). The lesions usually present as verrucous plaques.
Flipping bits in memory without accessing them: an experimental study of DRAM disturbance errors

Memory isolation is a key property of a reliable and secure computing system--an access to one memory address should not have unintended side effects on data stored in other addresses. However, as DRAM process technology scales down to smaller dimensions, it becomes more difficult to prevent DRAM cells from electrically interacting with each other. In this paper, we expose the vulnerability of commodity DRAM chips to disturbance errors. By reading from the same address in DRAM, we show that it is possible to corrupt data in nearby addresses. More specifically, activating the same row in DRAM corrupts data in nearby rows. We demonstrate this phenomenon on Intel and AMD systems using a malicious program that generates many DRAM accesses. We induce errors in most DRAM modules (110 out of 129) from three major DRAM manufacturers. From this we conclude that many deployed systems are likely to be at risk. We identify the root cause of disturbance errors as the repeated toggling of a DRAM row's wordline, which stresses inter-cell coupling effects that accelerate charge leakage from nearby rows. We provide an extensive characterization study of disturbance errors and their behavior using an FPGA-based testing platform. Among our key findings, we show that (i) it takes as few as 139K accesses to induce an error and (ii) up to one in every 1.7K cells is susceptible to errors. After examining various potential ways of addressing the problem, we propose a low-overhead solution to prevent the errors
Is the ‘peaceful use’ of outer space being ruled out?

Abstract Dual-use space technology poses a threat to the original peaceful mandate of scientific research, being de facto a proxy for future military confrontation in space. Following the example of the USA, the European Union and consortia of European nations are starting to flatten the barriers between military, commercial and scientific missions and programmes, under pressure from security issues and to protect their economic investments in space. While arguing against the militarization of the space environment, this article presents a summary of the potential benefits and drawbacks of the rise of dual use in the European scenario. It then discusses the Italian Cosmo-SkyMed mission as an example of Europe's move towards dual-use technology. Some suggestions are made for enforcing the peaceful use of outer space, such as maintaining free data availability and providing for greater public and scientific say in missions.
Some recent advance on high-speed, high-resolution 3-D shape measurement using projector defocusing

High-speed, high-resolution 3-D shape measurement becomes increasingly important, with broad applications including medicine, homeland security, and entertainment. In recent years, we have made some progress, and developed an unprecedented 60 Hz rate 3-D shape measurement system with a digital fringe projection and phase-shifting method. However, a hardware bottleneck was met to further improve its speed. Since 2009, we have been studying a new method that could potentially eliminate this speed bottleneck. This technique is essentially to generate sinusoidal fringe patterns by properly defocusing binary ones. It coincides with the operation mechanism of the digital-light-processing (DLP) technology, and thus permits some speed breakthroughs. This paper summarizes some of our recent studies with this technology. In particular, we will include three major pieces: (1) double the speed of our real-time 3-D shape measurement system without significantly increase the hardware cost; (2) reach tens-of-kHz rate 3-D shape measurement by using a relatively inexpensive and off-the-shelf DLP projector; and (3) achieve kHz rate phase shifting for superior high-speed, high-quality 3-D shape measurement with the DLP Discovery platform. We will explain the principles of the technology, show some experimental results, and discuss the advantages and shortcomings of this technology.
Examining prior experiences and career attainment of FBS football head coaches

A Football Bowl Subdivision college head coach position is desired in the American football coaching profession due to associated financial benefits, social network improvements, and prestige. The ...
Chinese Children’s Literature in North America

In China, researchers and educators have found evidence to support that the shared-book reading approach improves Chinese children’s literacy and language skills. In order to support Chinese language teachers who want to use the shared-book approach in north America, this study is a systematic analysis of Chinese juvenile literature available in north America. In this project, we considered 1,034 titles of Chinese children’s literature books that were available to the north American community. These books were published in China, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, and the United States. After removing the translated book portion of the collection, we analyzed five aspects of the books: genres, readability, aural accessibility, cultural content, and appeal to Chinese language learners. Overall, the books were written for Chinese-speaking children who have the oral language capacity to understand when the stories are read to them. In addition, some of the contemporary realistic fiction titles are laden with strong Chinese sentimentalism that may be foreign to students grew up overseas.
Temperature and rise-time effects on dynamic strain measurement

Strain pulses in a test specimen were measured over a temperature range of −73 to +149°C with foil and semiconductor strain gages. These tests were performed to determine if the rise time and amplitude of the gage output change as a function of temperature. The existence of a constant that should be added to the theoretical rise times of resistance strain gages, as suggested by Koshiro Oi, was reexamined. ‘Long’ rise-time strain pulses were produced in the test specimen by an impacting steel ball. The rise times of these pulses were on the order of 7 μs and the amplitudes were approximately 65 μm/m. The results of these tests show that the rise time and amplitude of the gage do not change as a function of temperature. ‘Short’ rise-time strain pulses of approximately 500 μm/m with a rise time of 2 μs were produced in a test specimen by a short pendulum-type hammer apparatus. The results of these tests showed that the amplitude of the gage output was relatively independent of test temperatures but exhibited a slight hysteresis effect. The rise times for these tests remained constant up to a temperature of 93°C, then started to increase. The rise times at 149°C were approximately 100 percent longer than at room temperature. Under optimum conditions, a pulse with a measured rise time of 0.18 μs could be generated. The results of these tests indicated that the theoretical rise-time additive constant of resistance strain gages is 0.05 μs or less. This is one-half the value that Bickle arrived at by reevaluating Oi's data. However, since the real rise time of the pulse was unknown, this additive constant is not necessarily a property of the gage.
Taxonomy of Chromosomal Races of Geomys bursarius lutescens Merriam

The taxonomic significance of two chromosomal races of Geomys bursarius lutescens Merriam was analyzed using morphometric, karyotypic, and electrophoretic methods. The two races, one northern and the other southern, were well differentiated both genically and morphometrically. Neither hybridization nor introgression was observed, and the two chromosomal races appear, therefore, to be acting as separate species. However, each of the chromosomal races has genetic affinities with a more eastern nominal taxon, and previous investigators have regarded the eastern taxa as conspecific or even consubspecific. Moreover, morphometric similarities between the chromosomal races are equivalent to those found between one of the races and another chromosomal race that is regarded as a separate subspecies. The two chromosomal races of G. b. lutescens may be at an intermediate stage of speciation and reasonably could be treated as semispecies. However, for now they warrant recognition only as subspecies, one of which is described and named as new.
Therapy of Paroxysmal Pulmonary Edema by Anti-Foaming Agents:

SummaryExperiments were performed with anti-foaming agents by inhalation in rabbits in order to decrease the severity of pulmonary edema caused by a standard dose of intravenous adrenalin. Poorly volatile drugs (heavy alcohols, Span 85) failed to exert any favorable effect. Ether gave only a slight improvement. Ethyl alcohol exerted an important favorable action, This action is partly due to the anti-foaming property of alcohol and partly to its action on the central nervous system. Combination of parenteral morphine with alcohol by inhalation gave the best results.
Laminar Flame Speeds of C5 to C8 n-Alkanes at Elevated Pressures and Temperatures

Experimental data of high fidelity on the laminar flame speeds and Markstein lengths of C5 to C8 n-alkane mixtures with air at elevated pressures were determined from the propagation velocities of spark-ignited, expanding flames in a newly-designed heated, highand constant-pressure chamber, using nonlinear extrapolation. Results show that the laminar flame speeds of these fuels are basically similar, hence extending previous observations of the fuel similarity to the high-pressure range of 10 to 20 atm. A companion analysis of the computed flame structure reveals comparable similarity for the thermal properties as well as the key intermediates and reactions, thereby supporting the observed global flame speed similarity. The study further shows that the influence of stretch diminishes with increasing pressure because of the concomitant reduction of the flame thickness, implying not only reduced error in the determination of laminar flame speeds from stretched flames at elevated pressures, but also substantial simplification in the modeling of turbulent flames because of the diminished importance of stretch.
Role of Immune Complexes in Tumor Associated Immunity of Patients with Prostatic Cancer

Abstract Elevated levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) were detected in the sera of patients with cancer of the prostate (CaP). Further studies to evaluate the effect of therapy on CIC indicate an increase in post therapy levels of CIC in patients who received hormonal therapy as compared to those who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or bilateral orchiectomy (ORCH). Our preliminary findings to determine if CIC were the result of patient's humoral response to tumor associated antigen (TAA) and to evaluate if CIC were playing any role in patient's tumor associated immunity (TAI), indicate that CIC are complexed, at least in part, to prostate specific antigen (PSA) and that a correlation between the level of CIC and its potential of arming control leukocytes, may reflect the degree of patient's in vivo sensitization to tumor and status of his TAI, suggesting that CIC may be playing an important role in tumor-host relationship.
Variation in spatial scale of competing polydomous twig-nesting ants in coffee agroecosystems

Arboreal ants are both highly diverse and ecologically dominant in the tropics. This ecologically important group is particularly useful in ongoing efforts to understand processes that regulate species diversity and coexistence. Our study addresses how polydomy can influence patterns of nest occupation in competing arboreal ants. We examined the spatial structure of nest occupation (nest distance, abundance and density) in three polydomous co-occurring twig-nesting ant species (Pseudomyrmex simplex, P. ejectus and P. PSW-53) by mapping twigs occupied by ants from each species within plots in our study site. We then used two colony structure estimators (intraspecific aggression and cuticular hydrocarbon variation) to determine the relative degree of polydomy for each species. All work was conducted in coffee agroforests in Chiapas, Mexico. Our results revealed that the two species with highest abundance and nest density were also highly polydomous, where both species had either single or multiple non-aggressive colonies occupying nests on a large spatial scale (greater than the hectare level). Our results also indicate that the species with the lowest abundance and density is less polydomous, occupying several overlapping and territorial colonies at the hectare level in which multiple colonies never co-occur on the same host plant. These results contribute evidence that successful coexistence and highly polydomous colony structure may allow ants, through reduced intraspecific aggression, to successfully occupy more nests more densely than ant species that have multiple territorial colonies. Furthermore our study highlights the importance of considering intraspecific interactions when examining community assembly of ants.
Abstract SY30-02: Understanding the proteome through the chaperome: From mechanisms to diagnostics and drugs

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Malignant cellular function is maintained by a functionally altered proteome. Helping the proteome in this context is the chaperome, a network of molecular chaperones and folding enzymes. This talk will discuss how, by using chemical tools that selectively target the stress chaperome, one may perform mechanistic and therapeutic investigations into the tumor proteome. Specifically, using chemical tools as affinity-purification baits or as global perturbers of the altered proteome one may inquire into its nature (i.e., identify and investigate). By attacking specifically the stress chaperome, one may inactivate the altered proteome, and thus revert or slow the disease phenotype (i.e., treat). In summary, I will discuss how by chemically sensing the stress chaperome one may investigate, understand and destabilize the tumor proteome. Citation Format: Gabriela Chiosis. Understanding the proteome through the chaperome: From mechanisms to diagnostics and drugs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr SY30-02. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-SY30-02
A Mother’s Knowledge: The Value of Narrating Dis/Ability in Education

In this paper we answer the question: In what ways does a mother’s narrative of including her son with a disability in his local school inform inclusive practices in general? Our research contains a theoretical framework informed by (1) Disability Studies in Education (DSE), (2) the importance of narrative knowing within research, and (3) the value of a mother’s knowledge of her child. The data consists of the second author’s written autobiographical accounts of her experiences with, and observations of, her child’s school. We feature a series of four vignettes culled from second author’s descriptions as a mother of a child who did not “fit the mold” in terms of academic, social, and emotional expectations. Using analysis informed by DSE, coupled with personal reflection, the first author discusses the value of ways in which a mother’s knowledge about human diversity and desire for inclusion counters the deficit-based assumptions and expectations entrenched in much of special education’s foundational thinking that, in turn, informs daily practices within schools that reinforces the exclusion of children with disabilities. Next, we link our findings to implications for the interrelated fields of education, special education, and inclusive education. Finally, we articulate some recommendations, based upon our work.
Understanding the Value of Both Laparoscopic and Robotic Approaches Compared to the Open Approach in Colorectal Surgery

Abstract Intro: Although the use of laparoscopy has significantly increased in colorectal procedures, robotic surgery may enable additional cases to be performed using a minimally invasive approach. We separately evaluated the value of laparoscopic and robotic colorectal procedures compared to the open approach. Methods: Patients undergoing nonemergent colorectal operations from 2010 to 2013 with National Surgical Quality Improvement Project data were identified. Robotic and laparoscopic procedures were separately matched (1:1) to open cases. Outcomes included 30-day composite morbidity, length of stay, operative time, and inpatient costs. Frequently used intraoperative disposable items were categorized, and significant cost contributors were identified by surgical approach. Statistical differences were determined with Chi-square and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: Both laparoscopic (n = 67) and robotic (n = 45) approaches were associated with decreased composite morbidity compared to matched open ca...
Best Practices to Mitigate Frauds

In today’s fast paced global business environment, risk of fraud has increased dramatically over the years. It is essential for all stakeholders within each entity to play an important role of managing business fraud risk. It does not matter the size of each business or business sector. Fraud activities have led to the downfall of many companies worldwide. With collapse of large corporation such as Enron, WorldCom, Parmalat, Tyco, HealthSouth, Qwest, AIG, Global Crossing, and the most recent fraud from Wells Fargo, the general public and other stakeholders are expected all organizations to have a zero fraud tolerance culture. Laws and regulations have implemented over the years in which have not deterred or eliminated risk of frauds. With the implementation of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the United States Federal Sentencing Guidelines of 2005, and other similar regulations worldwide have increased the pressure for companies to take responsibility in managing frauds, however. Thus, it is critical for all organizations around the world to develop an effective and efficient fraud exposure management program. This includes fraud control policy, fraud risk evaluation standards, fraud prevention techniques, detection control plan, and investigation and corrective action plan. Furthermore, the public and stakeholders should look into the kind of fraud management training that companies have in place and how often staffs receive training on how to detect frauds, investigate frauds, prevent frauds, and take corrective action. With effective and efficient fraud exposure management program and through ongoing effort and diligent, companies around the world can protect itself against fraud and deter future fraud activities. Most importantly, an effective program and take a proactive approach in managing fraud risk could help companies to minimize fraud risk and future losses.
Nitrogen cycling and export in California chaparral: the role of climate in shaping ecosystem responses to fire

Climate change models predict that interannual rainfall variability will increase in California over the next several decades; these changes will likely influence how frequently California ecosystems burn and how they respond to fire. Fires uncouple N mobilization from uptake by destroying plant biomass and increasing nitrification. Following fire, autumn and winter rains can leach N into streams from slopes that have been denuded. The amount of N exported depends on how rapidly soil microbes metabolize it into mobile forms such as NO3− , and the rate that recovering plants take up available N. However, the long-term effects of a changing climate on postfire N dynamics remain unknown. We used the ecohydrologic model RHESSys (regional hydro-ecologic simulation system) to evaluate how interannual climate variability may affect the magnitude of N mineralization, nitrification, N export, and plant recovery following fire. N export was highest when fire was followed by drought; even though there was less water moving through the system, dry conditions prolonged the period during which N mobilization was decoupled from plant uptake. We also found that the effects of drought on N export were magnified in stands dominated by obligate seeders, which initially recovered more slowly than resprouters. These findings suggest that climate may regulate N balance most powerfully by influencing how quickly plants “turn on” and begin to immobilize N.
Practical Care Support During the Early Recovery Period After Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Objective: To describe the prevalence and predictors of receipt of practical support among acute coronary syndrome (ACS) survivors during the early post-discharge period. Method: 406 ACS patients were interviewed about receipt of practical (instrumental and informational) support during the week after discharge. Demographic, clinical, functional, and psychosocial predictors of instrumental and informational practical support were examined. Results: 81% of participants reported receiving practical support during the early post-discharge period: 75% reported receipt of instrumental support and 51% reported receipt of informational support. Men were less likely to report receiving certain types of practical support, whereas married participants and those with higher education, impaired health literacy, impaired activities of daily living, and in-hospital complications were more likely to report receiving certain types of practical support. Conclusion: Receipt of practical support is very common among ACS sur...