cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pulse pair beamforming and the effects of reflectivity field variations on imaging radars

[1] Coherent radar imaging (CRI), which is fundamentally a beamforming process, has been used to create images of microscale, reflectivity structures within the resolution volume of atmospheric Doppler radars. This powerful technique has the potential to unlock many new discoveries in atmospheric studies. The Turbulent Eddy Profiler (TEP) is a unique 915 MHz boundary layer radar consisting of a maximum of 91 independent receivers. The TEP configuration allows sophisticated CRI algorithms to be implemented providing significant improvement in angular resolution. The present work includes a thorough simulation study of some of the capabilities of the TEP system. The pulse pair processor, used for radial velocity and spectral width estimation with meteorological radars, is combined with beamforming technique, in an efficient manner, to the imaging radar case. By numerical simulation the new technique is shown to provide robust and computationally efficient estimates of the spectral moments. For this study, a recently developed atmospheric radar simulation method is employed that uses the ten thousand scattering points necessary for the high resolution imaging simulation. Previous methods were limited in the number of scatterers due to complexity issues. Radial velocity images from the beamforming radar are used to estimate the three-dimensional wind field map within the resolution volume. It is shown that a large root mean square (RMS) error in imputed three-dimensional wind fields can occur using standard Fourier imaging. This RMS error does not improve even as SNR is increased. The cause of the error is reflectivity variations within the resolution volume. The finite beamwidth of the beamformer skews the radial velocity estimate, and this results in poor wind field estimates. Adaptive Capon beamforming consistently outperforms the Fourier method in the quantitative study and has been demonstrated to enhance the performance compared to the Fourier method. INDEX TERMS: 6969 Radio Science: Remote sensing; 6974 Radio Science: Signal processing; 6982 Radio Science: Tomography and imaging; 6994 Radio Science: Instruments and techniques; KEYWORDS: pulse pair beamforming, gradient variations, imaging radars
A chromosomal Borrelia burgdorferi gene encodes a 22-kilodalton lipoprotein, P22, that is serologically recognized in Lyme disease.

Abstract We describe the isolation of the gene encoding a 22-kDa antigen from Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease. The p22 gene is 582 nucleotides in length and encodes a protein of 194 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 21.8 kDa. The leader signal sequence of P22 consists of a positively charged short amino terminus, a central hydrophobic domain, and at the carboxyl terminus, a cleavage site that is presumably recognized and cleaved by a B. burgdorferi signal peptidase. P22 has 98.5% homology with the recently described B. burgdorferi protein IpLA7. P22 is processed as a lipoprotein, as demonstrated by [3H]palmitate labeling. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that p22, like LA7, is localized to the linear chromosome of B. burgdorferi. Examination of sera from patients with Lyme disease revealed that antibodies to P22 are rarely detected in patients with early-stage disease characterized by erythema migrans (2 of 20), and 35% of the patients with late-stage disease characterized by arthritis (9 of 26) developed antibodies to P22. Sera from patients with syphilis did not react with P22. When patients with late-stage disease were tested for their antibody reactivities to four other outer surface proteins (OspA), OspB, OspE, and OspF), 75% of these patients responded to P22 or to one or more outer surface proteins.
Impact of anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody on dendritic cell-tumor fusion vaccine efficacy in a murine melanoma model

Background A promising cancer vaccine involves the fusion of tumor cells with dendritic cells (DCs). As such, a broad spectrum of both known and unidentified tumor antigens is presented to the immune system in the context of the potent immunostimulatory capacity of DCs. Murine studies have demonstrated the efficacy of fusion immunotherapy. However the clinical impact of DC/tumor fusion vaccines has been limited, suggesting that the immunosuppresive milieu found in patients with malignancies may blunt the efficacy of cancer vaccination. Thus, novel strategies to enhance fusion vaccine efficacy are needed. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are known to suppress anti-tumor immunity, and depletion or functional inactivation of these cells improves immunotherapy in both animal models and clinical trials. In this study, we sought to investigate whether functional inactivation of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg with anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (mAb) PC61 prior to DC/tumor vaccination would significantly improve immunotherapy in the murine B16 melanoma model.
COSY INFINITY version 7

An overview over the features of version 7 of the code COSY INFINITY is given. The code allows the computation and manipulation of maps of arbitrary order for arbitrary arrangements of fields, and it is currently distributed to about 200 registered users. We present several features of the code, among which are the conventional analysis tools including various techniques for symplectic tracking, normal form methods, hardware and reconstructive aberration correction, and achromat design. We also discuss several new techniques which include efficient methods to treat fringe fields, a variety of methods to directly use measured field data for the computation of maps, as well as the computation and analysis of spin dynamics.
Alignment uncertainties in ideal indentation styli

In this work, the first and second order uncertainty contributors in depth-sensing hardness measurements are investigated. Each term in the hardness expanded uncertainty is examined to determine the typical sources and the magnitude errors contributed to the measurement. In particular, using simulations based on ideal indenter geometries the depth uncertainty with area function uncertainty due to rotational misalignments between the stylus and the specimen is evaluated. Three typical styli are simulated; standard Berkovich, modified Berkovich, and Vickers geometries. Considering the maximum allowable tip and tilt from ISO 14577, the area function uncertainty was less than 1%. Also considered is the effect of the twist about the central axis which shows that, because of the asymmetric shape, the Berkovich geometries have larger errors as a function of rotational deviations than the Vickers geometry from a perfect alignment.
Fate of naphthenic hydrocarbons in the bile of rainbow trout salmo gairdneri

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were exposed orally to n-butylcyclohexane and on the sixth day after ingestion, 3 to 5% of the dose of parent compound was recovered as a metabolite in the bile. The glucuronide of cis-3-n-butylcyclohexanol was identified as the single metabolic product. Exposure of trout to t-butylcyclohexane afforded the glucuronide of 4-t-butylcyclohexanol in a much smaller amount. Comparative studies between these two small naphthenic hydrocarbons and the corresponding aromatic molecules are also reported.
Voting in State Supreme Court Elections: Competition and Context as Democratic Incentives

To offer insight into the complex relationship between democratic processes and the judiciary and to expand knowledge about elections, this article examines ballot roll-off in 654 supreme court elections in 38 states from 1980 through 2000. Specifically, I evaluate the extent to which voter participation is responsive to competition, incumbency, and contextual forces that increase salience and information. Results indicate that voting is highly responsive to these factors. Thus, supreme court elections bear a striking resemblance to elections for other offices and may be effective under certain circumstances for promoting democratic control of the bench. Further, contextual forces have an important impact on citizen participation and must be included in satisfactory accounts of electoral politics. From a practical perspective, replacing partisan elections with nonpartisan or retention elections has the unintended consequence of inhibiting voting, even when nonpartisan elections are contested. Thus, some c...
Dynamics of placodal lineage development revealed by targeted transgene expression

Examination of the expression pattern of the winged-helix transcription factor BF-1 outside of the neural tube in mouse embryos suggests that BF-1 is restricted to a population of cells that gives rise to the ectodermal placodes and their derivatives. Within the sensory cranial nerve ganglia, the expression of BF-1 distinguishes cells that arise from the placodes from those derived from the neural crest. Expression of a lacZ transgene targeted to the BF-1 locus was used to follow the placodal lineage during mouse development. Analysis of placodal development in mice with a targeted deletion of BF-1 reveals that, although BF-1 is required for proliferation of the cells arising from the nasal placode, it is not required for the proliferation, survival, or both, of placode-derived cells in the sensory cranial nerve ganglia. Dev Dyn 1999;215:332-343.
Exploring associations between employee empowerment and interpersonal trust in managers

Purpose – To explore associations between employee empowerment and interpersonal trust in managers.Design/methodology/approach – An online survey designed to assess empowerment and trust was administered to a random sample of 2,000 salaried employees at a Fortune 500 manufacturing organization in the USA.Findings – Results, bounded by sample and focal organizational characteristics, indicated that employees who feel empowered in their work environment tend to have higher levels of interpersonal‐level trust in their managers.Practical implications – Implications for managers are discussed in terms of enabling employee empowerment, strengthening interpersonal trust, and increasing organizational effectiveness.Originality/value – Highlights how increments in empowerment and trust can mitigate effects of organizational complexity, reduce transaction costs, strengthen relational systems within flatter organizational structures, and diminish the need for supervisory oversight, unproductive controls, and measure...
Water Mobility in Reverse Micelles Studied by Quasielastic Neutron Scattering and Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Reverse micelles (RMs) are aggregates in which nanoscale droplets of a polar liquid, usually water, are surrounded by a surfactant layer in a nonpolar continuous phase. They are widely used as media for reactions in which the extent of confinement or the presence of a surfactant interface play a central role. We have used molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulation and quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) and to investigate the mobility of water molecules in reverse micelles. The contribution of water to the QENS signal is enhanced by deuterating the surfactant and the nonpolar phase. Our studies of water mobility have focused on the effects of water pool size, determined by the water/surfactant mole ratios w 0, as well as on the properties of the water-surfactant interface. Specifically, we have examined the effects of varying w 0 and of substituting other alkali ions for the usual Na+ counterion of the anionic surfactant AOT (bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate)). We find good agreement between the QENS signal and its prediction from MD simulation. This allows us to obtain additional insight into water mobility by analyzing the MD self-intermediate scattering function (ISF) of water hydrogens in terms of contributions from molecular rotation and translation and from molecules in different interfacial layers. MD data indicate that the translational ISF decays nonexponentially due to lower water mobility close to the interface and to confinement-induced restrictions on the range of translational displacements. Rotational relaxation also exhibits nonexponential decay. However, rotational mobility of O-H bond vectors in the interfacial region remains fairly high due to the lower density of water-water hydrogen bonds in the vicinity of the interface.
Family Presence During Resuscitation Efforts

Family presence during resuscitation efforts continues to be a controversial issue among healthcare providers. The purpose of this paper is to explore advantages and disadvantages to this concept from the healthcare provider and family's perspective, and address the patient's viewpoint. A personal insight and ethical considerations are included. Sources of information consist of literature reviews of the topic, and databases were utilized using the key words “family presence,”“witnessed cardiopulmonary resuscitation,” and “family presence during resuscitation efforts.” The information provided will demonstrate that family presence during resuscitation efforts is a necessary and ethical standard in healthcare practices today and can help nurses feel more comfortable facilitating this process.
You Can't Eat Love: Constructing Provider Role Expectations for Low-Income and Working-Class Fathers

Using life history interviews with 40 noncustodial fathers in Chicago and 37 incarcerated fathers in Indiana, I explore the construction of paternal provider roles in low-income and working-class families. Fathers with stable jobs retained high expectations for providing but found that employment could limit and even harm paternal involvement. Underemployed fathers, or fathers out of work, lowered expectations for providing and crafted a version of involvement that was more than just providing. The study suggests that a focus on context and process can expand theoretical frameworks of work/family decisions for non-middle class families. Implications for policies include increasing opportunities for fathers to attain stable employment and restructuring work/family policies to alter expectations for men’s success as providers.
Management, strategy, and industry structure as influences on the success of new firms: a structural model

This study develops and tests a model examining the interrelationships and relative importance of management characteristics, business strategy and industry structure as influences on the performance of new, technology based companies. For a sample of 36 companies the founding managers had a sizeable influence on the quality of the industry/strategy positions, though exogenous forces were even more important; and regardless of source, industry/strategy positions exerted important influence on performance. Management characteristics influenced success through implementation, in addition to their influence on industry/strategy. The study demonstrates the effect of the founding managers on the eventual performance of a new venture. It suggests that formulation of the initial concept and execution of that concept call upon different characteristics, and therefore may be separable. That is, one group might initially devise the plan and another carry it out.
Polarity of prostate specific membrane antigen, prostate stem cell antigen, and prostate specific antigen in prostate tissue and in a cultured epithelial cell line.

BACKGROUND Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells are immortalized epithelial cells that have been used extensively as a model system to study intracellular molecular trafficking, polarized expression, and secretion of proteins in various epithelia. In order to determine if MDCK cells might serve as a model to study molecular events within prostate epithelial cells, we have evaluated the polarized distribution of three prostate restricted proteins, PSMA, PSCA, and PSA, in situ, and in MDCK cells. METHODS Using immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy, cell surface biotinylation, antibody internalization, and biochemical assays we evaluated surface expression and secretion of three prostate restricted proteins expressed in MDCK cells. We compared these patterns of expression to results observed within prostatic epithelium. RESULTS We demonstrate that PSMA is localized primarily to the apical plasma membrane in both the prostatic epithelium and transfected MDCK cells, whereas PSCA is expressed in a non-polarized fashion. We also show that PSA is secreted predominantly from the apical surface of transfected MDCK cells, consistent with in vivo observations. CONCLUSIONS Similar patterns of localization among MDCK and prostatic epithelial cells suggest that the mechanisms of polarized sorting within these cell types are conserved. Thus, MDCK cells offer a useful model system to study mechanisms of targeting of these proteins within the prostate. Prostate 55:9–19, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Clinical MRI of Acute Ischemic Stroke

The most important service that imaging provides to patients with ischemic stroke is to rapidly identify those patients who are most likely to benefit from immediate treatment. This group includes patients who have severe neurological symptoms due to an occlusion of a major artery, and who are candidates for recanalization using intravenous thrombolysis or intra-arterial intervention to remove the occlusion. Outcomes for these patients are determined by symptom severity, the artery that is occluded, the size of the infarct at the time of presentation, and the effect of treatment. MRI provides key physiological information through MR angiography and diffusion MRI that has been proven to be of high clinical value in identify patients who are in need of immediate treatment. Perfusion MRI provides information about the ischemic penumbra, but its clinical value is unproven. In current clinical practice, the time since stroke onset is dominant over physiologic information provided by MRI in treatment decisions. This will change only when clinical trials prove that stroke physiology as revealed by MRI is superior to time from stroke onset in promoting good clinical outcomes.
The Marcus Gunn phenomenon: a review of 71 cases

We have reviewed the clinical findings, natural course, pathologic observations, and management of 71 patients with the Marcus Gunn phenomenon. We found individuals with this syndrome to have a significant incidence of amblyopia (59%), double elevator palsy (25%), anisometropia (25%), and superior rectus muscle palsy (23%). Long-term follow-up did not reveal a case that improved with age. In most patients requiring surgery, we recommend a unilateral levator excision on the affected side plus a bilateral frontalis suspension.
Standard model measurements with ATLAS (+CMS) detector(s)

We present a broad range of Standard Model measurements performed in proton-proton collisions at the LHC on a variety of topics W/Z+jets production and ratios, the electroweak multi-boson production, W/Z heavy flavor decay production, jet production, photon physics, the Standard Model soft QCD and diffractive physics. The latest public results from ATLAS experiment are obtained at the center-of-mass energy of both 7 TeV and 8 TeV, which covers total cross sections, fiducial cross sections, differential cross sections wherever available and comparison with Leading-Order/Next-to-Leading-Order/Next-to-Next-to-Leading-Order theory predictions. These measurements provide important tests for perturbative QCD, electroweak multi-boson interactions, Electroweak Symmetry Breaking over a broad kinematic range and constraints for PDFs. Model-independent new physics searches are also performed by probing anomalous gauge bosons couplings using effective Lagrangian or effective field theory formalism.
Mass Flux Stability at the $$T_\mathrm{d}$$ T d Conductance Transition in Solid $$^3$$ 3 He– $$^4$$ 4 He Mixtures

Measurements of the $$^4$$ He mass flux through a cell filled with solid $$^3$$ He– $$^4$$ He mixtures in the $$^3$$ He concentration range 0.17–220 ppm have demonstrated a reversible dramatic decrease in the flux on cooling through a concentration-dependent temperature $$T_\mathrm{d}$$ , close to the mixture phase separation temperature. For low $$^3$$ He concentrations, the flux change transition is complete within 2 mK. We report on the stability of the flux for fixed temperatures in this transition region.
College Admissions Testing: Current Understanding and Future Implications

Although the use and significance of college admissions tests are controversial, relatively little scholarship has focused on these tests and their role in reflecting prior educational disparity. College admissions tests such as the SAT and ACT are increasingly important as they often serve the dual function of gatekeeper for access to four-year postsecondary institutions and a benchmark for merit scholarships. This review focuses on social disparities and sociocultural factors that reflect differences in educational outcomes as measured by college admissions tests. The review concludes with an exploration of what students, postsecondary institutions, and even the college admissions test makers can do to reduce social disparities and improve opportunities to prepare and learn
Localization of Electronic Excitations in Conjugated Polymers Studied by DFT

We present an extensive density functional theory (DFT) study on the neutral and charged electronic excitations in oligophenylene vinylenes including lowest singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) excitons and positive (P+) and negative (P−) polarons. We investigated the vibrational and electronic properties of molecules using five different DFT functionals from pure GGA to long-range-corrected hybrids and found an explicit correlation between the spatial extent of the state and the fraction of the orbital exchange. While solvent effects are found to be negligible for neutral (S1 and T1) excitons, they play an important role for charged (P+ and P−) species. S1 states are observed to be spatially less localized compared to the polaronic wave functions (P+ and P−). This is in contrast to the T1 states, which exhibit more spatial confinement in comparison to P+ and P− states.
The NCAA's 'Death Penalty' Sanction - Reasonable Self-Governance or an Illegal Group Boycott in Disguise?

This Article examines why the NCAA “death penalty,” although arguably benevolent in its intent, undermines the core principles of federal antitrust law. Part I of this Article discusses the history of college athletics, the NCAA, and the “death penalty” sanction. Part II provides an introduction to section 1 of the Sherman Act and its application to the conduct of both private trade associations and the NCAA. Part III explains why a future challenge to the NCAA “death penalty” could logically lead to a court’s conclusion that the “death penalty” violates section 1 of the Sherman Act. Finally, Part IV explains why Congress should not legislate a special antitrust exemption to insulate the NCAA “death penalty” from antitrust law’s jurisdiction.
On the generation of dispersive shock waves

Abstract We review various methods for the analysis of initial-value problems for integrable dispersive equations in the weak-dispersion or semiclassical regime. Some methods are sufficiently powerful to rigorously explain the generation of modulated wavetrains, so-called dispersive shock waves, as the result of shock formation in a limiting dispersionless system. They also provide a detailed description of the solution near caustic curves that delimit dispersive shock waves, revealing fascinating universal wave patterns.
Neonatal ABO hemolytic lead to necrotizing enterocolitis with gammaglobulin in survey research

Objective To discuss the application of large dose of gamma globulin in the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in our hospital neonatal ABO hemolytic disease and the risk of enterocolitis pointer,for later to provide scientific basis for clinical prevention and therapy.Methods Select all ABO hemolytic children between 2011 and 2013,who admitted to our hospital. According to whether or not checking IVIG,ABO hemolytic children can be divided into using of IVIG group( 1240 patients) and not using of IVIG group( 380 patients). The demographic characteristics of all children was collected. We analyzed these related factors,including whether to use IVIG,whether preterm children( SGA),gender,premature rupture of the placenta,maternal diabetes,etc. These factors were included as independent variables,whether there has been NEC multivariate logistic regression analysis for the dependent variable. The serum bilirubin,jaundice time and the incidence of NEC were compared of two groups of children before treatment. Results The serum bilirubin,jaundice time,serum bilirubin in children before treatment IVIG group were higher than those without the use of IVIG group. The jaundice subsided less than in the control group,The difference was statistically significant. NEC using IVIG group was higher than not using IVIG group,the difference was statistically significant( P 0. 05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that the use of IVIG,SGA and low Apgar scores was ABO hemolytic occurs in children at high risk factor of NEC.Conclusion Although IVIG in the treatment of type ABO hemolytic disease of newborn obtained the certain effect,but still need to pay attention to the corresponding indication,infusion speed and reaction after the infusion,so as to minimize the incidence of NEC.
Higher Referrals for Diabetes Education in a Medical Home Model of Care

Background: The medical home model has been gaining attention from the health care community as a strategy for improved outcomes for management of chronic disease, including diabetes. The purpose of this study was to compare referrals for diabetes education among patients receiving care from a medical home model versus a traditional practice. Methods: Data were obtained from a large, university-affiliated primary care patient data registry. All patients (age 18–96 years) with a diagnosis of prediabetes or diabetes and seen by a physician at least twice during 2011 to 2013 were selected for inclusion. Multivariate regression models measuring the association between medical home status and referral to diabetes education were computed before and after adjusting for covariates. Results: A significantly (P Conclusion: Patients in a medical home model were more likely to receive referrals for diabetes education than patients in a standard university-affiliated family medicine practice. Future longitudinal designs that match characteristics of patients with a medical home with those of patients without one will provide strong evidence to determine whether referral to diabetes education is a result of the medical home model of care independent of confounding factors.
Success Strategies for Women in Science: a Portable Mentor

Studies have shown that the most significant method for increasing the success rate of women in scientific fields is mentoring. Many institutions have initiated formal mentoring programs, usually for all beginning scientists regardless of gender. However, this book recognizes that not all women in science have access to such programs. Therefore, it provides a framework for women, as well as men, to take an active role in their career development through self-education. This book guides the reader through the steps of identifying values, setting goals, and determining the best course of action to achieve those goals. I think most scientists at early stages in their careers would find this book extraordinarily useful, and many scientists at later stages would benefit enormously from the advice as well.
Are CO2 laser evoked potentials a specific marker of migraine

Although neurophysiological studies have made a considerable contribution to understanding of migraine pathophysiology, the diagnosis of migraine continues to be based on clinical examination of the patient, which also includes careful history taking and a search for neurological signs. Indeed, no instrumental technique has ever disclosed specific features in migraineurs, able to distinguish them from healthy subjects or from patients with non-migraine headache. CO2 laser evoked potentials (LEPs) have been used in migraine research in the past three years, proving very useful for demonstrating functional abnormalities of the central nociceptive system which might be linked to the pathophysiological mechanisms of this disease. However, like other neurophysiological methods, LEP recording in migraineurs has not revealed abnormalities specific enough to allow diagnosis of migraine in individual subjects.
The Advocacy Coalition Framework: An Approach for the Comparative Analysis of Contentious Policy Issues

Since the emergence of public policy as a field of study in the middle of the twentieth century, a definitive challenge has been to develop theoretical approaches for the comparative study of policy processes. One theoretical approach that has endured over time is the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF). With more than three decades of research and hundreds of applications that span the globe, the ACF is now one of the most established and widely applied approaches for studying policy processes. This chapter provides a brief overview of the ACF covering its creation and foundation, past and recent contributions and niches, general description, theoretical areas of emphases, evolution, boundaries of application, and major challenges and strategies for advancing knowledge about the policy process.
Pain as is Seldom Seen in Men: 1924–30

Evelyn Waugh’s life from the end of his student days at Oxford to the publication of his first novel will have for many readers a quality of dejd lu. The world of Decline and Fall is in large part the world that Waugh inhabited in those years, though the book has an economy and speed of action, with lurches from catastrophe to triumph and back, that are art’s blissful alternative to the banal ploddings of life. The major unrecognized element of Waugh’s life in this period (to which the fiction alerts one only by its mere existence) is writing. He left Oxford without a degree and passed several years in dead-end jobs or attempting unsuitable careers. He continued his avoidance of the literary world of his father and brother; he seemed not to want to be a writer. And yet he wrote, and wrote a lot. He started a novel, The Temple at Thatch, in 1924. To his father’s pleasure and no doubt surprise, he became suddenly enthusiastic about the nineteenth-century group of English painters calling themselves the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, and wrote a long essay about them, P.R.B., that was privately published, with a spatter of misprints, by Alistair Graham (who was ‘trying out’ a career as a printer of fine editions) in 1926. Also in 1926, Waugh’s short story ‘The Balance’ was published in an anthology, Georgian Stories, edited by Alec Waugh. In 1927, a commissioned short story, ‘The Tutor’s Tale’, was published in a collection called The New Decameron and Waugh also wrote the introduction to Thirty-Four Decorative Designs by Francis Crease.
“Fighting for the Idea of Home Life”: Mrs Miniver and Anglo-American Representations of Domestic Morale

First appearing as the title character in a column by Jan Struther [the pseudonym of Joyce Maxtone Graham] in the London Times in the late 1930s, “Mrs. Miniver” went on to achieve iconic status as a trans-Atlantic image of stoic womanhood in the face of the traumas of World War Two.1 The book version of Mrs Miniver was a bestseller in both Britain and the United States, and the Hollywood film version, which opened in June of 1942 in the United States and a month later in Britain, went on to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. Such acclaim for a story about war (both anticipated and then experienced) that focuses mainly on family life and the so-called home front suggests that it may tell us something significant about how Anglo-American culture constructed women at home as active wartime participants. By examining the popular images of gender and class during World War Two through an analysis of Mrs Miniver, this essay participates in the ongoing project of rethinking what is meant by “the people’s war” and by the “myth of the Blitz” as key elements of the war’s cultural experience. It further explores how these two notions interacted with the ways in which women became held responsible for maintaining domestic morale.
Low-Income First-Time Mothers Effects of APN Follow-up Using Mobile Technology on Maternal and Infant Outcomes

Background. Low-income mothers have greater challenges in accessing health care services due changes in the health care system and budget cuts. The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to ...
Parathyroid Hormone in the Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis

While parathyroid hormone (PTH) excess syndromes are clearly associated with bone loss, the issue of whether physiological changes in PTH secretion following the menopause or with aging also contribute to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is somewhat unclear and the focus of considerable attention. In the early postmenopausal period, PTH appears to be responding to the estrogen deficiency-induced changes in bone turnover rather than driving these changes. PTH levels do, however, increase with age in women and in men, primarily after the age of 70 years. This secondary hyperparathyroidism of aging is associated with increased bone turnover, particularly in women, and with rates of bone loss in elderly individuals. Given the evidence that PTH can increase cortical porosity, the observation that cortical porosity increases markedly with age has led to the speculation that age-related increased PTH secretion may be responsible for this increase in cortical porosity. However, further studies are needed to better define the contribution of increased PTH concentrations towards bone loss in the elderly, particularly age-related changes in cortical bone.
Modeling Task-Based vs. Affect-based Feedback Behavior in Pedagogical Agents: An Inductive Approach

Affect has been the subject of increasing attention in cognitive accounts of learning. Many intelligent tutoring systems now seek to adapt pedagogy to student affective and motivational processes in an effort to increase the effectiveness of tutorial interaction and improve learning outcomes. However, the majority of research on tutorial feedback has focused on pedagogical content, often at the expense of the affective component of the learning process. It is unclear under which circumstances it is more appropriate to focus directly on student affect and when support is best offered through task-related feedback. This paper proposes an inductive framework for modeling task-based and affect-based feedback to inform the behavior of pedagogical agents within a narrative-centered learning environment.
Sudden Blastic Transformation (SBT) in Patients (pts) with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Treated with Imatinib Mesylate.

Imatinib has become standard therapy for pts with CML in chronic phase (CP). SBT has been reported in pts receiving IFN-α, at a rate of 0.5% to 2.5% during the first 3 years of therapy. There is little information on the occurrence of SBT among pts treated with imatinib. Here we report 3 pts who developed SBT, defined as occurring after being found in complete cytogenetic remission (CG CR). These 3 pts represent 0.5% of 557 pts who received imatinib at MD Anderson for chronic phase CML. The total population has been followed for a median of 33 months (range, 1 to 56). Pt #1 was a 54 yr old female with a variant Ph translocation, t(9;22;19;10) (q34;q11.2;p13.1;q22). Sokal risk was low. She started imatinib 400mg/day within 4 mos from diagnosis, achieved a CG CR within 3 mos and was still in CG CR after 9 mos with BCR-ABL/ABL 0.66%. On routine follow-up at 12 mos she was found in myeloid blast phase with 48,XX,+8,t(8;21)(q22;q22),t(9;22;19;10) (q34;q11.2;p13.1;q22), +der(22)t(9;22;19;10) in all 20 metaphases. She received standard induction chemotherapy followed by bone marrow transplantation and is alive and in CR after 24+ months. Pt #2 was a 51 yr old female initially treated with IFN-α. She achieved a CG CR but discontinued therapy because of toxicity after 18 mos. Fourteen mos after stopping IFN-α she had a CG recurrence (35% Ph-positive) and was started on imatinib 400mg/day. Three mos later she was in CG CR and BCR-ABL was undetectable by nested PCR; a similar result was found after 9 mos of therapy. 9 mos later (18 mos after start of imatinib) she had a lymphoid SBT (precursor B-cell). CG showed 45,XX,-8, t(9;22) (q34;q11.2), −20,+mar in one metaphase, and 11 metaphases were diploid. No ABL mutations were identified. She achieved CR with HCVAD + imatinib and is currently receiving a BMT. Patient #3 was a 27 yr old pt who received imatinib 800 mg/d as first line of therapy for CML in CP with intermediate Sokal risk score. Three mos after start of therapy he was in CG CR and repeated analyses showed continued CG CR up to mo 15, with the lowest BCR-ABL/ABL 0.12 at mo 6. On mo 18 he had a lymphoid SBT (precursor B phenotype) with 43–46,XY, −7, −8,i(9)(q10),t(9;22)(q34;q11.2), −13, −17, −21,+der(22)t(9;22),+mar in 13 metaphases and one diploid metaphase. No ABL mutations were identified. He was treated with HCVAD + imatinib and achieve a CR, becoming undetectable for BCR-ABL by nested PCR. He is undergoing a BMT. In pts 2 and 3, transformation was associated with a sudden drop in platelet counts. These isolated events should alert the physicians to continued monitoring of pts on imatinib and consider marrow studies in the event of late, unexpected peripheral blood count changes. Still, SBT is rare, probably less common that seen with IFN-α therapy.
Study on Friction of Bearing Cable and Saddle with Different Material in Freight Ropeways

The contract model of the freight ropeways bearing cable and the saddle is established by FEM software, and the simulation calculation is carried out. The calculating formula for total contact pressure is fitted from the analysis result. According to setting requirement of the freight ropeway, simulation calculations of the different bearing cables are carried out under different operation conditions, and the relationships are obtained between contact pressure and influent factors, such as curvature radius of the saddle, the envelope angle and the drawing force. The results shows that contact pressure is in inverse proportion to the curvature radius of the saddle, in direct proportion to envelope angles and drawing force of the cable. Friction force between the bearing cable and the saddle made of nylon, bronze and steel three different materials are summarized through field test, and the friction coefficients applicable to the saddle of different material are obtained in combination with simulation results of the touch models.
A resolved two-way coupled CFD/6-DOF approach for predicting embolus transport and the embolus-trapping efficiency of IVC filters

Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are medical devices designed to provide a mechanical barrier to the passage of emboli from the deep veins of the legs to the heart and lungs. Despite decades of development and clinical use, IVC filters still fail to prevent the passage of all hazardous emboli. The objective of this study is to (1) develop a resolved two-way computational model of embolus transport, (2) provide verification and validation evidence for the model, and (3) demonstrate the ability of the model to predict the embolus-trapping efficiency of an IVC filter. Our model couples computational fluid dynamics simulations of blood flow to six-degree-of-freedom simulations of embolus transport and resolves the interactions between rigid, spherical emboli and the blood flow using an immersed boundary method. Following model development and numerical verification and validation of the computational approach against benchmark data from the literature, embolus transport simulations are performed in an idealized IVC geometry. Centered and tilted filter orientations are considered using a nonlinear finite element-based virtual filter placement procedure. A total of 2048 coupled CFD/6-DOF simulations are performed to predict the embolus-trapping statistics of the filter. The simulations predict that the embolus-trapping efficiency of the IVC filter increases with increasing embolus diameter and increasing embolus-to-blood density ratio. Tilted filter placement is found to decrease the embolus-trapping efficiency compared with centered filter placement. Multiple embolus-trapping locations are predicted for the IVC filter, and the trapping locations are predicted to shift upstream and toward the vessel wall with increasing embolus diameter. Simulations of the injection of successive emboli into the IVC are also performed and reveal that the embolus-trapping efficiency decreases with increasing thrombus load in the IVC filter. In future work, the computational tool could be used to investigate IVC filter design improvements, the effect of patient anatomy on embolus transport and IVC filter embolus-trapping efficiency, and, with further development and validation, optimal filter selection and placement on a patient-specific basis.
Bias angle error self-correction for automotive applications using phased array radars installed behind bumpers

In certain automotive safety and comfort applications, phased array radars are set behind the bumpers of vehicles. Due to paint on the bumper that may contain metallic powder and to the complicated structure around installed radars, the angle detected by the radars can sometimes contain a bias error related to the signal source angle. Because the cost to calibrate radars after installation behind a bumper is high, we consider a framework of self-correction as an alternative. In this framework, there is no need to calibrate with a target's known angle ; rather, we can generate a correction table using Gaussian process MCMC simply from the radar observations.
Zeta potential: a case study of cationic, anionic, and neutral liposomes.

Zeta potential is often used to approximate a nanoparticle’s surface charge, i.e., cationic, anionic, or neutral character, and has become a standard characterization technique to evaluate nanoparticle surfaces. While useful, zeta potential values provide only very general conclusions about surface charge character. Without a thorough understanding of the measurement parameters and limitations of the technique, these values can become meaningless. This case study attempts to explore the sensitivity of zeta potential measurement using specifically formulated cationic, anionic, and neutral liposomes. This study examines zeta potential dependence on pH and ionic strength, resolving power, and highlights the sensitivity of zeta potential to charged liposomes. Liposomes were prepared with cholesterol, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), and varying amounts of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) or 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine (DOPS). A strong linear relationship was noted between zeta potential values and the mole percentage of charged lipids within a liposome (e.g., cationic DOTAP or anionic DOPS). This finding could be used to formulate similar liposomes to a specific zeta potential, potentially of importance for systems sensitive to highly charged species. In addition, cationic and anionic liposomes were titrated with up to two mole percent of the neutral lipid 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (lipid-PEG; LP). Very small amounts of the lipid-PEG (<0.2 mol%) were found to impart stability to the DOTAP- and DOPS-containing liposomes without significantly affecting other physicochemical properties of the formulation, providing a simple approach to making stable liposomes with cationic and anionic surface charge.
Designing salesforce compensation programs to improve pricing execution

Despite progress over the past few years, the pricing function has far to go to reach the maturity of other business disciplines. In the area of pricing execution, also known as price getting, many firms do not fully realize the potential of their pricing strategies and are instead stuck in a zone of good intentions. Often, this lack of strategy-execution results is due to issues with salesforce compensation plans and how they might be encouraging the wrong behaviors. As the pricing and sales literature remains silent on the connection between pricing execution and salesforce compensation, we conducted qualitative interviews with 12 pricing executives to inform the relationship between the two constructs and to identify best practices in the design of salesforce compensation plans to improve pricing execution. Our results highlight the sensitivity of the topic of changing salesforce compensation and the need to add pricing as part of a basket of variables, to consider a 2- to 3-year transition period, and to embrace critical change-management considerations. Finally, the need for accurate and transparent pricing information is essential to the design of these profit-driven salesforce compensation plans.
Power Plant Retirements: Trends and Possible Drivers

This paper synthesizes available data on historical and planned power plant retirements. Specifically, we present data on historical generation capacity additions and retirements over time, and the types of plants recently retired and planned for retirement. We then present data on the age of plants that have recently retired or that have plans to retire. We also review the characteristics of plants that recently retired or plan to retire vs. those that continue to operate, focusing on plant size, age, heat rate, and SO2 emissions. Finally, we show the level of recent thermal plant retirements on a regional basis and correlate those data with a subset of possible factors that may be contributing to retirement decisions. This basic data synthesis cannot be used to precisely estimate the relative magnitude of retirement drivers. Nor do we explore every possible driver for retirement decisions. Moreover, future retirement decisions may be influenced by different factors than those that have affected past decisions. Nonetheless, it is clear that recently retired plants are relatively old, and that plants with stated planned retirement dates are—on average—no younger. We observe that retired plants are smaller, older, less efficient, and more polluting than operating plants. Based on simple correlation graphics, the strongest predictors of regional retirement differences appear to include SO2 emissions rates (for coal), planning reserve margins (for all thermal units), variations in load growth or contraction (for all thermal units), and the age of older thermal plans (for all thermal units). Additional apparent predictors of regional retirements include the ratio of coal to gas prices and delivered natural gas prices. Other factors appear to have played lesser roles, including the penetration variable renewable energy (VRE), recent non-VRE capacity additions, and whether the region hosts an ISO/RTO.
1735 Archiving historical documents: maintaining our history

Aim of special session This workshop will cover the importance of archiving essential historical documents in occupational health Gino Fazio, Garrett Burnett National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA